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1b72cf965a6527665879c3e0ac656cd2 | How is macular degeneration diagnosed? | Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration. |
f0d019fbb1380d0c65f6384e4e953e08 | What happens after age-related macular degeneration is detected? | If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye. Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease. |
1f8a253842865206dd3ec87dbdfa257b | What is dry form age-related macular degeneration? | The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. In the advanced stages, patients lose central vision. |
432b0e8653b3757f01caf302e1f5234a | How do low vision aids treat age-related macular degeneration? | Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision. |
57dd95335a1752de1445816845aceaeb | What are the risk factors for macular degeneration? | As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration. |
fbf5e488eeb8bae8130ef582f48eae1d | How do anti-angiogenesis drugs treat macular degeneration? | These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits. |
f8eca81b1bb5765bc3fbfe2133eee5e2 | What are the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration? | As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration. |
388d1ab73eb3958e606c4859e520d041 | What are symptoms of corneal flash burns? | Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation. This is very different from a corneal abrasion due to an injury, where, ordinarily, only one eye is involved. Because the eyes are very sensitive to disease and damage, any blurred vision, change in vision, or worsening eye pain needs to be evaluated by your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery). |
eed83a5c6dfdeb56ba7aa3fb72b34920 | What is the follow-up for corneal flash burns after treatment? | Follow-up In most cases, you will need to follow up with your ophthalmologist in 24-48 hours for a reevaluation of the eyes and to make sure that the corneas are healing. |
82c033d393c0650e7d1d5281c3146c3f | What questions can I ask the doctor about corneal flash burns? | If you are unable to discuss your situation with an ophthalmologist and you have changes in your vision, have blurry vision, see flashing spots or light, or have worsening eye pain or pain with the movement of your eyes, then you need to go to a hospital's emergency department for an evaluation. Have you found a reason for my symptoms? Will I develop any scarring or permanent visual loss from a corneal flash burn? Is there anything I should do to prevent this injury from happening again? What can I expect to feel once the numbing eyedrops have worn off? When may I resume my regular activities? |
1c62d511a34c9fc2271d712662657ea7 | What causes corneal flash burns? | Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation. |
9a12de8456a520afefa373fdf3042c30 | What protective eyeglasses can help me prevent corneal flash burns? | Protective eyeglasses would include: Sunglasses that protect against UVA and UVB radiation Ski goggles or "glacier glasses," particularly at high elevations Totally dark glasses for tanning beds A welder's mask when welding The cornea repairs itself rapidly and usually heals without leaving any scars. |
70a388f3e3face883c7cdb545a1e4bbc | What is the outlook for people with corneal flash burns? | Protective eyeglasses would include: Sunglasses that protect against UVA and UVB radiation Ski goggles or "glacier glasses," particularly at high elevations Totally dark glasses for tanning beds A welder's mask when welding The cornea repairs itself rapidly and usually heals without leaving any scars. In most cases, healing takes place in 1-2 days if you follow all instructions and protect your eyes from further damage. However, some complications, such as infection, may not show up right away. Thus, it is important to return for a recheck with your ophthalmologist when it is scheduled. |
ce45530f6f4ddef3a67e6493ed3fb9ff | What is a corneal flash burn? | Eyes, particularly the cornea (the clear window of tissue on the front of the eyeball), can be damaged easily by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and from other sources of ultraviolet light, such as a welder's arc, a photographer's flood lamps, a sun lamp, or even a halogen desk lamp. The cornea takes the brunt of the damage if proper eye protection is not worn, such as dark glasses or goggles while skiing in bright sun. A corneal flash burn (also called ultraviolet keratitis) can be considered to be a sunburn of the eye surface. |
dc98387160b2809271067dda8364084f | What is the medical treatment for corneal flash burns? | In some cases, the eye may be patched to aid in healing and pain control. Wearing sunglasses may also help relieve the pain. Treatment may involve pain medicine, antibiotic medication, or medicine to enlarge (dilate) the pupils. |
b83e948f9c5df74509f07f74e93cbb46 | What is autism? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). It covers a large spectrum of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment. ASD ranges in severity from a handicap that somewhat limits an otherwise normal life to a devastating disability that may require institutional care. |
f6d1d717c874d284db9381829b86fe67 | How is Rett syndrome associated with autism? | Rett syndrome previously fell under ASD spectrum but it is now confirmed that Rett's cause is genetic. It no longer falls under ASD guidelines. Children with Rett syndrome, primarily girls, start developing normally but then begin losing their communication and social skills. Beginning at the age of 1 to 4 years, repetitive hand movements replace purposeful use of the hands. Children with Rett syndrome are usually severely cognitively impaired. |
6c6e051fe7f00feecbcdb6565e5c9b97 | How can my body temperature readings change? | Some things that cause your temperature to move around during the day include: How active you are What time of day it is Your age Your sex What you've eaten or had to drink ( If you're a woman) where you are in your menstrual cycle Your temperature reading changes based on where on your body you measure it. Underarm readings can be a degree lower than what you'd find from your mouth. Rectal temperatures usually are up to a degree higher than mouth readings. |
47c1d416b9df438125e9b066fd816a7e | What can make my body temperature change? | A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. Your temperature doesn't stay same all day, and it will vary throughout your lifetime, too. Some things that cause your temperature to move around during the day include: How active you are What time of day it is Your age Your sex What you've eaten or had to drink ( If you're a woman) where you are in your menstrual cycle Your temperature reading changes based on where on your body you measure it. |
33a100f1448b6c3337931071af67eedc | What is a normal body temperature? | Not everyone's ânormalâ body temperature is the same. Yours could be a whole degree different than someone else's. A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. Your temperature doesn't stay same all day, and it will vary throughout your lifetime, too. |
697ecba6e3ddc2d6d34a15b83b55caee | When should I call a doctor about a fever? | However, if your temperature is 103 F or higher or if you've had a fever for more than 3 days, call your doctor. Also call if you have a fever with symptoms like severe throat swelling, vomiting, headache, chest pain, stiff neck or rash. |
49088ceb3c774a1c08716c6c445a5a5d | What can make you more likely to get hypothermia? | Other things can also make you more likely to get hypothermia. They include: Alcohol or drug use Hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) Anorexia Stroke Sepsis (overwhelming infection) Parkinson's disease Nerve damage Malnutrition Medicines such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or sedatives Anesthesia |
bc40d377d32440893353f26d23acfcd6 | When should I call a pediatrician about my child's fever? | For children, fevers are a bit more complicated. Call your pediatrician if your child is: Under 3 months and has a rectal temperatures of 100.4 F or higher Between 3 months and 3 years and has a rectal temperature over 102 F Older than 3 years and has an oral temperatures above 103 F Between 3 and 6 months and -- along with a fever -- is fussier or more uncomfortable than usual, or doesn't seem alert Sick enough for you to be concerned, regardless of what the thermometer says If your body loses too much heat, it can be very serious, even fatal. |
f4451da105210d280b0d310521b83e33 | Who can get hypothermia? | Hypothermia is a special concern for newborns and the elderly. Babies may not be good at regulating their temperature. They can lose heat quickly. It's important to keep them warm. A temperature below 97 F is considered too low for babies. Older adults can also struggle to keep their body temperature in a normal range if they're somewhere with intense air conditioning or there's not enough heat. For both the elderly and young children, a below-normal body temperature can be a sign they're sick. |
550dd9fcb419a70fa0f71f4f4bb8b60d | What is nutritional deficiency and how does it cause hair loss in children? | Though less common, hair loss can be a symptom of deficiencies in certain nutrients, including: Vitamin H, or biotin, one of the B complex of vitamins, which help the body to convert carbohydrates into glucose to fuel the body. Zinc, an essential mineral involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism. |
c2032f1ad26a139405051f618994cad7 | How can endocrine problems cause hair loss in children? | In some children the cause of hair loss is hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid is underactive and is producing an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones required for regulating metabolism. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made by a blood test. Treatment may involve medication prescribed by the endocrinologis to replace deficient hormones but will depend on a number of factors including: Your child's age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies Expectations for the course of the disease Your opinion or preference While many causes of hair loss require a doctor's attention, others will resolve on their own with time. |
0067cb8bf98818aaae38420d10e53574 | What Is tinea capitis? | Tinea capitis. Tinea capitis, commonly known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection often seen in children. It can show up in a number of ways, but often as scaly patches of hair loss on the head. The patches are usually round or oval. The hairs may be broken off at the surface of the skin and look like black dots on the scalp. |
9a238a737c620c91e02e156585eccb17 | What tests might you get to help diagnose vasculitis? | These abnormalities include: Anemia A high white blood cell count A high platelet count Signs of kidney or liver problems Signs of an allergic reaction Inflammation Blood tests also can identify immune complexes or antibodies (ways the body fights off what it thinks is a threat) that cause vasculitis. Additional tests may include X-rays, tissue biopsies, blood vessel, and heart scans. |
c3ef1666abf8891a960b830ca61755ce | What is post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)? | Sometimes, people go through treatment for Lyme disease but their symptoms (feeling run-down and achy) don't go away. If this lasts over 6 months, it's known as chronic Lyme disease or âpost-treatment Lyme disease syndromeâ ( PTLDS). |
b34c40d641a990849cade6cf49cafc0e | Which antibiotic is best for Lyme disease treatment? | Your doctor will also take into account if you're pregnant or nursing. You'll need to take this medicine for 10 to 21 days. |
425b3b5ada40a42af8f565165d5d3bfb | How do doctors decide which antibiotics to use to treat Lyme disease? | If your Lyme disease is found soon after you've been infected, your doctor will start you on antibiotics: Doxycycline Amoxicillin Cefuroxime Which drug you're prescribed will depend on your age. Your doctor will also take into account if you're pregnant or nursing. You'll need to take this medicine for 10 to 21 days. The earlier Lyme disease is found, the better. Most people who start treatment in this stage improve quickly. If not, your doctor may need to prescribe another course of antibiotics. |
8524129583f8637742039b2b7ccdaa29 | Why do some people get post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)? | Doctors still aren't sure why some people get PTLDS. Some believe that getting Lyme disease may cause damage to your tissues or immune system. Others believe it's because the bacteria that causes Lyme hasn't completely gone away. There is little evidence that taking more antibiotics at this stage will help. They may actually be harmful. Instead, your doctor will focus on treating the symptoms you're still having. This will be different for everyone. Some people could benefit from a medicine that relieves fatigue, while others may need a drug that can help with headaches or very sensitive skin. |
d61cbf44a744c80fa40c9302fb822a05 | What is the definition of supraventricular tachycardia? | The term has Latin roots. Supraventricular means âabove the ventricles,â which are the lower two sections of your heart. Tachycardia means âfast heart rate.â Rapid heart rates can start in various places of a heart. For you to get a diagnosis of SVT, your problem must start in the atria, the upper two chambers. |
78fedab24b29265cc127d65184a1d7c0 | How can I avoid a latex allergy at work? | Use paper clips instead of rubber bands. Don't use erasers, either. Stay away from craft items like paint and rubber cement. If you work where people wear gloves -- cleaning, food service, or beauty work, for example -- ask to switch to latex-free products. |
9235e1e0407c002ead5b4ad378e00a13 | How can I avoid a latex allergy at my doctor's office? | Call ahead before any appointment and tell them about your allergy. Set your appointment for the first thing in the morning. There's less chance that latex particles will be in the air then. Tell all doctors, nurses, and schedulers about your allergy . Everything from stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs to IV tubing can have latex. |
579a2ca2685c9f2eb42fb1cf1876e417 | What should you expect when seeing a doctor about snoring? | During the doctor's visit, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and take a complete medical history. He or she will also perform a general physical exam, paying particular attention to your nose and throat. Your weight and blood pressure will be evaluated, and your blood may be tested for thyroid function. Your doctor may suggest you see an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor). These doctors are better equipped to examine your nasal passages for any blockages. Additionally, you may be referred to a sleep lab for further testing. |
55433be48c7746375b2b0277850152b9 | Should you talk to a doctor if you are a habitual snorer? | Occasional snoring is usually not very serious; mostly, it's a nuisance for your bed partner. However, if you are a habitual snorer, it is a good idea to get checked out by a doctor to make sure a more serious problem isn't causing your snoring. |
4250a843d4c3e9e0c44fc05ec458d297 | How does caffeine affect insulin sensitivity? | Caffeine may lower your insulin sensitivity. That means your cells don't react to the hormone by as much as they once did. They don't absorb as much sugar from your blood after you eat or drink. This causes your body to make more insulin, so you have higher levels after meals. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body already doesn't use insulin well. After meals, your blood sugar rises higher than normal. Caffeine may make it tougher to bring it down to a healthy point. This may lead to too-high blood sugar levels. Over time, this may raise your chance of diabetes complications, like nerve damage or heart disease. |
923b29802f8cdc0c52670b23acdd4be8 | How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed in children? | The first step is to get your child to the doctor. He can tell if she's overweight based on her age, weight, and height. He'll test her blood sugar to see if she has diabetes or prediabetes. If she does have diabetes, it may take a few extra steps to find out if it's type 1 or type 2. |
74cbb88e9e7fbdfa44695c1e41a9706a | What causes obesity in children and where is it most likely to cause type 2 diabetes? | One or more of these things may contribute to extra weight or obesity: Unhealthy eating Lack of physical activity Family members (alive or dead) who've been overweight Rarely, a hormone problem or other medical condition As with adults, type 2 diabetes is more likely to affect children who carry extra weight around the middle. |
8f9ab8539ed8daee1f5bce4230ce9112 | What lifestyle changes are necessary for a child with type 2 diabetes? | You can take her to see a dietitian, who can help you create a meal plan. She should also get exercise for at least 60 minutes every day. |
f5acc531067ba076b3ad7d075974996d | How common is type 2 diabetes in children? | Now, according to the CDC, more than 208,000 people younger than 20 have this disease. That number includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. |
89208a8ce5822fa30136083991d86a3b | What can you do to help treat your child's type 2 diabetes? | You can take her to see a dietitian, who can help you create a meal plan. She should also get exercise for at least 60 minutes every day. |
6be149fdde6ad16568268a61b03e7f43 | Does a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score mean I have prostate cancer? | If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment. Fact: Not necessarily. An inflamed prostate can drive up your numbers. The score helps your doctor decide if you need more tests to check for prostate cancer. Also, he'll watch your PSA score over time. |
bcb786e27ccc5aa7b5f7c56fbb9f2aaa | If I get prostate cancer, will I die of the disease? | Fact: Many men with prostate cancer are likely to live to an old age or die of some other cause. |
f50bb820acc9d20e164b05f04e08f1ec | Does prostate cancer surgery end your sex life and cause urine leakage? | Fact: Your surgeon may be able to spare the nerves that help trigger erections. That means you should be able to have an erection strong enough for sex again. But it may be a while. Recovery can take from 4 to 24 months, maybe longer. Younger men usually heal sooner. If you still have trouble, ask your doctor about treatments for erectile dysfunction. There are medications and devices that can help. He'll tell you if they're right for you. Other prostate cancer treatments, like radiation and hormone therapy, also can affect your sex life. Talk to your doctor about your choices. You might leak urine after surgery, but it's usually short-term. Within a year, about 95% of men have as much bladder control as they did before the operation. |
dbb1847741e6220ba39d9ee720b00c70 | Do I have to start treatment right away for prostate cancer? | Fact: You and your doctor may decide not to treat your prostate cancer. Reasons include: It's in an early stage and is growing very slowly. You're elderly or have other illnesses. Prostate cancer treatment may not prolong your life and may make it harder to care for your other health problems. In such cases, your doctor will likely suggest âactive surveillance.â This means that he'll check you often and order tests to see if your cancer is getting worse. If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment. |
fed021fbdc9a66e200e4d8c668606778 | What should you know about bladder infections? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } So it's important to treat bladder infections right away. Doctors usually use antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Women, especially, should watch for symptoms. They are more likely to get bladder infections than men are. |
8a3318a9352ff9f5f78b3ece9d086ef3 | Should you call your doctor about vaginal itching, burning, and irritation? | But when it occurs in an area as sensitive as the vagina and vulva (the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening), it can be especially uncomfortable. Most genital itching and irritation isn't a major concern. |
de016b78a3162535549db3d824f12d11 | How can lichen sclerosis cause vaginal itching, burning, and irritation? | This is a rare condition that causes thin white patches to form on the skin, especially around the vulva. The patches can permanently scar the vaginal area. Postmenopausal women are most likely to develop this condition. |
9b7a4a478a3ae1f92fc5d03884dbf1da | How can your doctor help treat vaginal itching, burning, and irritation? | However, if the irritation continues, is severe, or comes back after treatment, call for an appointment with your doctor. The doctor can do a pelvic exam. The doctor will probably also take a sample of the discharge to find the source of the problem. |
7f22d1994fb2fc1fb463c724e00b81ff | How can chemical irritants cause vaginal itching, burning, and irritation? | Here are a few tips for preventing and treating vaginal irritation at home: Avoid scented pads or toilet paper, creams, bubble bath, feminine sprays, and douches. |
0956c54390b08bb03c3be7e509c2fbca | How are vaginal itching, burning, and irritation treated? | How vaginal discomfort is treated depends on what condition is causing the problem: Vaginosis and STDs are treated with antibiotics/antiparasitics. Yeast infections are treated with antifungal medications. They are inserted into the vagina in the form of creams, ointments, or suppositories, or they are taken orally. You can buy these medications over the counter in different doses -- one-day, three-day, seven-day. However, if you've never been diagnosed with a yeast infection, see your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medication. Menopause-related itching may be treated with estrogen cream, tablets, or a vaginal ring insert. Other types of itching and irritation respond to steroid creams or lotions, which reduce inflammation. A prescription-strength steroid cream can relieve the irritation of lichen sclerosis. In young girls, it's important to report any itching, burning, or irritation to a health care provider, because these symptoms can be signs of sexual abuse. |
2459558ea2deb5955c8c3899eef1a692 | What is your maximum heart rate? | To calculate your predicted maximum heart rate, use this formula: 220 - Your Age = Predicted Maximum Heart Rate For example, a 40-year-old's predicted maximum heart rate is about 180 beats per minute. Your actual maximum heart rate can be determined by a graded exercise test. If you are taking medicines or have a medical condition (such as heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes), ask your doctor if your maximum heart rate (and target heart rate) should be adjusted. You gain the most benefits when you exercise in your ''target heart rate zone.'' Usually, this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60%-80% of your maximum heart rate. |
4370716ba4ab42b0752dc92bdf22c103 | What should you do before you begin an exercise program? | Check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Your doctor can help you find a routine and target heart rate zone that match your needs, goals, and physical condition. |
b7ecc11e65cb2566199f69266a767b0d | What is your target heart rate? | You gain the most benefits when you exercise in your ''target heart rate zone.'' Usually, this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60%-80% of your maximum heart rate. In some cases, your doctor may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50%. |
4cc6f7413d0829345bb70abc9002e421 | How can genes cause eye miosis? | Genes: Being born without the muscle that controls your pupils or with pupil muscles that aren't formed correctly is called congenital miosis or microcoria. You get it when one or both of your parents pass down a problem gene to you. It can happen in one eye or both eyes. |
4de57deb267b336db1dd0fbe92eca982 | How can side effects of a medication cause eye miosis? | Side effect of a medication: Certain anxiety, muscle spasm, and seizure medications like diazepam ( Valium) or antihistamines like diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) can make your pupils shrink. So can narcotics, either prescribed or illicit. |
08773aa104ab26284161de16f15f7abf | How can Horner's syndrome cause eye miosis? | Horner's syndrome: This rare condition affects the way your brain "talks" to one side of your face, including one of your eyes. It can make one of your pupils smaller than the other. You can inherit it from your parents, or it can happen after a neck injury or neck surgery. You can also get it if your chest, neck, or brain doesn't form correctly. Sometimes kids get it if they have a rare type of cancer called neuroblastoma or a tumor in another part of their body. |
bb90c807b198b0b7a1aa4d112b33a593 | How can age cause eye miosis? | Age: It's normal for a newborn's pupils to stay small for about 2 weeks so her eyes have extra protection from bright light. Your pupils tend to get smaller as you get older, too. The muscles that work your pupils can get weak and have a tough time opening them. This can make it harder for you to see at night. |
6b21aedb111a66a351cc4a33df3c9cbf | When should you call your pediatrician for a 4-month-old with a fever? | The child is younger than 3 months old with a rectal temperature of 100.4 F or higher. |
d8943aba8285f8f84f09d5f9980a5fbb | When should you call 911 for a fever in children? | Is limp or unresponsive Is having trouble breathing Is vomiting and has a headache or a stiff neck Has blue lips or skin Has a rash that looks like bruises and the bruises don't go white when pressed Has a seizure var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! |
07032a7913ec305faf9d64457bf5fd12 | When should you call the doctor about your child's fever? | You think the child needs medical attention. The child is younger than 3 months old with a rectal temperature of 100.4 F or higher. The child is 3 to 6 months old with a temperature of 101 F or higher or has had any fever for more than one day. The child is older than 6 months and younger than a year with a temperature of 103 F or higher or has had any fever more than one day. The child is 1 to 2 years old with a high fever lasting more than 24 hours. The child is any age with a temperature of 104 F or higher. The soft spot on the child's skull is bulging. The child vomits repeatedly or has severe diarrhea. The child has signs of dehydration, such as not wetting diapers, crying without tears, dry mouth or mucous membranes, or sunken soft spot. The fever triggers a seizure. The child has a fever and a rash. Your child is at special risk for serious infections. This includes children with blood or immune disorders, or any child who has not received the routine immunizations. |
448fd7dd31d25cb8b1bd60e5a8d5777b | At what age should I stop having mammogram screenings? | Most experts recommend you continue to have these screenings as long as you are in good health and are expected to live at least another 10 years. |
9f1bb8c04a7f0ad018bb59297155736e | At what age should I have a mammogram? | The American Cancer Society recommends women ages 40 to 44 should have a choice to start yearly screening mammograms if they would like. Women ages 45 to 54 should have a mammogram each year, and those 55 years and over should continue getting mammograms every one to two years. But not all groups agree. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening every 2 years from ages 50 through 74. |
335d9ab3cf6dee67249eb37ef72a055e | How can I avoid scorpion stings? | To avoid stings: Wear shoes, particularly at night. Put on gloves when you work in the yard, lift rocks and logs, or collect firewood. When you camp, don't sleep on the bare ground. Shake out your shoes before you put them on, especially if you've left them outside or in a basement or garage. |
4dba3b7bc886d4268b76effb59a023ef | How do mast cell stabilizers help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)? | About a quarter of people with IBS- D also have gastroenteritis, which makes your gut become inflamed. Some experts believe that could be a trigger for IBS. Mast cells control the release of histamine, which causes inflammation. These drugs help lower the amount of histamine your body makes. |
ed1a94df3f19fee6475e2d38a36e606b | How do antidiarrheal drugs help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)? | In some cases, over-the-counter medicines like loperamide ( Imodium) can improve diarrhea symptoms for people with irritable bowel syndrome. |
9013c2aa1d084743147b93052669b47f | What is rifaximin and how is it used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)? | Though it's not clear what causes IBS- D, some experts believe the culprit may be too much bacteria in the small intestine. Rimaxifin is an antibiotic that was approved by the FDA in 2015 to treat IBS- D. It's been shown to reduce both stomach pain and diarrhea. |
5f5ae17312fc41af2e7ddb18e6dbe06e | How do K-opioid antagonists help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)? | Scientists are doing clinical trials of a promising drug called asimadoline, which may help reduce stomach pain and diarrhea without causing constipation. |
5cb2b4e52af0751da6ec81eee0b6ee58 | What is eluxadoline and how is it used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)? | This signals your nervous system to help stop bowel spasms. It can also ease belly cramps and diarrhea. |
92d9570d9ebafb8e3f8b2d0a7ca81388 | How do antidepressants help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)? | Antidepressants: Medicines called tricyclic antidepressants can help reduce belly pain, particularly if you also have depression or anxiety. If you don't have depression, your doctor may still prescribe these, but in smaller doses. |
fb831a289b33e3b58a5a50cc9f6c5760 | How does washing your hands prevent sickness? | 1: Wash Your Hands There's no mystery about how cold and flu viruses spread. Someone who's sick sneezes in his hand and then touches the telephone, the keyboard, or a kitchen glass. You can pick up the germ when you touch that object, even hours later. So wash your hands often. If you can't get to a sink, rub them with a hand sanitizer that's got alcohol in it. |
037e7e74fd96f9da27253752325a1d46 | How can your habits and lifestyle affect your risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | Alcohol: For some people, binge drinking is a trigger. But for others, even a modest amount can trigger AFib. Stimulants: Caffeine, cigarettes, and other things that rev up your system can set off AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it. Stress and worry: When you're under a lot of pressure or feeling worn out, it could trigger an episode or make your symptoms worse. |
6cbb07facb43151c245bc40c1d2c7d7e | Who may be at a greater risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | Medication: Research suggests that people who take high doses of steroids -- perhaps for asthma or other conditions -- may be more likely to get AFib. If your chances are higher anyway, this treatment can trigger an episode. |
fac5158ad97330e097f22cc23cd8d3f6 | How does atrial fibrillation (AFib) happen? | Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) is the most common problem with your heartbeat's rate or rhythm. The basic cause of AFib is disorganized signals that make your heart's two upper chambers (the atria) squeeze very fast and out of sync. They contract so quickly that the heart walls quiver, or fibrillate. |
b2666a34e2f4546adcdf650af500e178 | What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat early breast cancer? | Chemotherapy drugs used to treat early breast cancer include: Anthracyclines: This class of drugs includes doxorubicin ( Adriamycin) and epirubicin ( Ellence). Taxanes: This class of drugs includes docetaxel ( Taxotere) and paclitaxel ( Taxol). These drugs are often used with others like carboplatin, cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), and fluorouracil (5- FU). |
9d9f4863b60de1bc53ab2830ec325dcd | What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat advanced breast cancer? | Drugs used to treat advanced breast cancer include: Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel or Abraxane) Capecitabine ( Xeloda) Eribulin ( Halaven) Gemcitabine ( Gemzar) Ixabepilone ( Ixempra) Liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil) Mitoxantrone Platinum (carboplatin, cisplatin) Vinorelbine ( Navelbine) Your doctor will probably talk to you about combining different chemo drugs. |
0bc17ca2f0ad0883308114fb2e84351f | Can you still work during breast cancer chemotherapy? | Together, you and your doctor will decide when to start chemotherapy, what drugs to use, and a schedule for taking them. Ask what side effects you can expect from the medication. |
0e8ebc97fb41bfc18fba86344e3af957 | How can you receive chemotherapy for breast cancer? | Some of the most common include: AC: Adriamycin and Cytoxan AT: Adriamycin and Taxotere CMF: Cytoxan, methotrexate, and fluorouracil FAC: Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan CAF: Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and fluorouracil ( FAC and CAF use the same medicines but in different doses and frequencies) You get chemotherapy as a pill or in a vein daily, weekly, or every 2-4 weeks. You may get one drug or a combination of them. Your treatment plan is designed for your particular situation. If your veins are hard to find, you may get a catheter in a large vein. These devices are inserted by a surgeon or radiologist and have an opening to the skin or a port under the skin, allowing chemotherapy medications to be given. They can also be used to give fluids or take blood samples. Once chemotherapy is finished, your catheter will be removed. |
9458e08075a9b3c0d91cb6e2b681057a | How should I protect my lips when I'm outside to prevent chapped lips? | Protect your lips when you're outside. You cover your hands and feet when the temperature drops; do the same for your lips. Wear a scarf or a ski mask that covers your mouth when you go out in the cold. |
f446483eed22862c0deaac653177fa19 | What are symptoms of shaken baby syndrome? | Babies may also become less interested in eating, have trouble sucking, and stop smiling and talking. You may notice bruises on the arms or chest in the places the baby has been grabbed. Other physical signs include a larger than usual head or forehead, different-sized pupils, not being able to focus, and favoring one arm or leg over another. Babies with shaken baby syndrome may also have symptoms you can't see, such as fractured ribs or other bones, spinal cord or neck injury, and bleeding in the brain. In mild cases, behavior, health, or learning issues show up later on. Because shaken baby syndrome can affect so many different parts of a child's health, there may be more than one doctor or specialist involved in the diagnosis. |
458b51612a663b74d88d75ac5cf448d2 | What is shaken baby syndrome? | Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse. When a baby is shaken hard by the shoulders, arms, or legs, it can cause learning disabilities, behavior disorders, vision problems or blindness, hearing and speech issues, seizures, cerebral palsy, serious brain injury, and permanent disability. |
a7ed95cfb19cf1d951549364efad60e6 | What is an esophageal stricture? | Esophageal stricture: Over time, the damage caused by stomach acid can scar the lining of the esophagus.m When this scar tissue builds up, it makes the esophagus narrow. Called strictures, these narrow spots make it hard to swallow food and drinks, which can lead to weight loss and dehydration. Strictures are treated with a procedure that gently stretches your esophagus. |
5f8c3111e18b8dba87a8d4bc04e285cb | How can heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) lead to esophageal ulcers? | Esophageal ulcers: GERD is the top cause of ulcers, or sores in the lining of the esophagus. Symptoms include painful swallowing, nausea, and chest pain. Your doctor will prescribe medicine to control your GERD and treat the ulcer. |
c501b7b424cca0e04d91f2c4d2fac79d | What can I do about fatigue with colorectal cancer? | Depression The best way to combat fatigue while also battling colorectal cancer is to treat the underlying medical cause. Unfortunately, the exact cause is often unknown, or there may be multiple causes. There are some treatments that may help improve fatigue caused by an under-active thyroid or anemia. Other causes of fatigue must be managed on an individual basis. |
c54fcc877ffc9bcac4b57a7ca9589670 | How can you assess your colorectal cancer fatigue? | Keep a diary for one week to identify the time of day when you are either most fatigued or have the most energy. Note what you think may be contributing factors. Be alert to your personal warning signs of fatigue. Fatigue warning signs may include tired eyes, tired legs, whole-body tiredness, stiff shoulders, decreased energy or a lack of energy, inability to concentrate, weakness or malaise, boredom or lack of motivation, sleepiness, increased irritability, nervousness, anxiety, or impatience. |
d5db39e7f200d0a8c831f6042edc3ba1 | Which cancer treatments are associated with fatigue? | The following colorectal cancer treatments are commonly associated with fatigue: Chemotherapy . Any chemotherapy drug or regimen may cause fatigue. Fatigue usually develops after several weeks of chemotherapy. In some, fatigue lasts a few days, while others say the problem persists throughout the course of treatment and even after the treatment is complete. Radiation therapy . Radiation, commonly used in the treatment of rectal cancer, can cause fatigue that increases over time. This can occur regardless of the treatment site. Fatigue usually lasts from 3 to 4 weeks after treatment stops, but can continue for up to 2 to 3 months. Combination therapy. More than one cancer treatment at the same time or one after the other increases the chances of developing fatigue. |
0309f90b1402699eccdf8255d56ec721 | How can making an appointment with a dietician help with colorectal cancer fatigue? | A registered dietitian provides suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes). A dietitian can also suggest ways to maximize calories and include proteins in smaller amounts of food (such as powdered milk, instant breakfast drinks, and other commercial supplements or food additives). |
18bf7aedd91d851d110917b59a443395 | When should you call the doctor about a cold? | Talk to the pediatrician if your child doesn't get better after a few days. Also call if he has a high fever, vomiting, chills and shakes, a hacking cough, any respiratory distress, or extreme fatigue. These may be signs of something more severe, like the flu or a bacterial infection. If your child has asthma, diabetes, or other long-term health conditions, call your pediatrician to talk about medicine or other treatments. Also watch for signs of complications of the flu, such as pneumonia. Symptoms include a low-grade fever (less than 102 F), coughing up mucus, achiness, labored or fast breathing, and tiredness. Contact the pediatrician immediately if any of these symptoms appear. |
04dde15a6f0bc477a65305ad710792a7 | How can you stop your child from getting a cold? | Your child can get sick when someone who's got a cold touches an object that's later touched by your child. Door handles, stair railings, books, pens, video game remotes, and a computer keyboard are some common "carriers" of cold viruses. They can live on one of those objects for several hours. Washing hands is the best defense. Teach your child to do it after every bathroom trip, before every meal, and after playing at school or at home. It takes 20 seconds of hand washing with warm, soapy water to get rid of germs. Tell your child to sing " Happy Birthday to You" twice to know that he's washed long enough. Using hand sanitizer is also a good option to prevent the spread of germs. If your child has a cold, make sure you protect others from catching it. If he has symptoms, keep him home from school and avoid contact with other children. Encourage your child to cover his mouth when sneezing and to use a tissue when he blows his nose. If he doesn't have a tissue, teach him to cough in his sleeve. Remind your child to wash his hands after coughing, sneezing or blowing his nose. |
5f2a7650d65f40b090f1c8059e8a68fe | Are cold medicines safe for kids? | These include things like: Cough suppressants (dextromethorphan or DM) Cough expectorants (guaifenesin) Decongestants (pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine) Antihistamines (such as brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine, and others) These drugs are the active ingredients in many brands of kids' cold and cough medicines. Generally speaking, children should not be using cough medicines. Coughing is the body's natural way of helping the body get rid of the cold virus. It's OK to let your child cough, unless he is in distress. |
8af8697dcfb823a340d71a5844ae6807 | What are the symptoms of a cold in children? | As your child's cold gets worse, he may wake up with symptoms like these: Watery mucus in the nose Watery or crusty eyes Sneezing Feeling of tiredness Fever (sometimes) Sore throat Cough A cold virus can affect your child's sinuses, throat, bronchial tubes, and ears. He may also have diarrhea and vomiting. At first your child may be irritable and complain of a headache and feeling stuffed up. After a while, the mucus coming out of his nose may turn darker and thicker. |
cba49526989a331300cadd8799f700cf | What should you expect if your child gets a cold? | When your child gets a cold, it starts when he has a general feeling of not being well, often followed by a sore throat, runny nose or cough. At the beginning, the sore throat is due to a buildup of mucus. Later, your child may get a postnasal drip -- when the mucus runs down the back of his nose to the throat. |
7dd1a7bec62029e5e7dd049ac1f94e99 | How often will your child get a cold? | Kids who are preschool age have around nine colds a year, while kindergartners can have 12 a year. Adolescents and adults get about two to four a year. Cold season runs from September until March or April, so children usually get sick most often during these months. |
445249e5321199303817e3e16964d545 | What glucose meter features are unhelpful? | Make sure you don't have to enter a code or special key when changing test strips. That's a hassle you don't need. |
039ea6eda0d593e852c70a40c71d0745 | What is a ditto device for diabetes? | Ditto isn't a glucose meter. Instead, it's a small device that connects to your glucose meter. It takes readings from your device -- it works with nine models -- and wirelessly sends them to an app on your phone, which uploads it to a web site. |
83fc147a38c044d5118080010712ae17 | How do you know which glucose monitor is right for you? | Make sure your insurance company will cover the strips for any device you choose. |
9c95f96c4625b4ff6f49718db88a5cd1 | How can seeing a more complete picture of your health from glucose monitors help with diabetes? | Seeing your records in colorful graphs and charts makes it easier to understand -- and to figure out if you need to make changes. For instance, a graph can quickly show if your blood sugar tends to be high in the mornings. Then you can easily share that with your doctor to see if you need to change your treatment. Track food and more. Most devices and apps let you log the food you eat. |
e77cda5e92c83da13dc4e0abaceea37a | Which glucometers have a voice readout? | Some meters with voice readout include the Advocate Redi- Code, Easy Max Voice, Element Plus, Fora (many models), and Prodigy. |
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