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3b1bb8e9491f6923f77b49bfc91ccf35 | What causes mastoiditis? | When the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed, often as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media), mastoiditis can develop. Because so many vital structures pass through the mastoid, infection may spread outside of the mastoid bone and cause serious health complications. |
df2fb2c505766867be3ee27dda878437 | What are the symptoms of mastoiditis? | Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor. |
4bc226b1d9ff377562439cee114d9c7e | How is mastoiditis diagnosed? | A sample of the infected ear fluid should be collected for culture. |
79ae3868dd655e6b6f30f353be8e2ad8 | What complications can happen if you have mastoiditis? | Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor. |
1bc0b319f178889ded6abba31116d03d | What is mastoiditis? | The mastoid bone, which is full of these air cells, is part of the temporal bone of the skull. |
0aeb2cb7bed037e32e5517a1af4a2358 | How is mastoiditis treated? | Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for both acute and chronic mastoiditis. If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. Antibiotics will be given through an IV (intravenous line) to treat the infection. |
5ac15004c4b39a604bbc5a0dc15a3681 | When do you need surgery for mastoiditis? | If the symptoms don't quickly improve on IV antibiotics, or complications, like an abscess or bone erosion are present, surgery to remove the infected mastoid bone may be recommended. This is called a mastoidectomy. |
b27f6823781c9a955c459c843b7555f2 | Can adults get mastoiditis? | Acute mastoiditis typically affects children, but adults can also be affected. |
4510865f16844d8ddc9dc2680a1cf695 | What is a myringotomy for mastoiditis? | Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy. During a myringotomy, the doctor makes a small hole in the eardrum to drain the fluid and relieve pressure from the middle ear. A small tube may be inserted into the middle ear to to keep the hole from closing so as to allow for continued drainage. Typically, the tube will fall out on its own after six to 12 months. |
981b6d1ad58c0f7da016230256e45d98 | What is chronic mastoiditis? | Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone. |
c5e83d20dd60e8a24b814ab163be9116 | How is acute mastoiditis treated? | If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. Antibiotics will be given through an IV (intravenous line) to treat the infection. |
58d7a459e009f15320d66c863e349332 | What are symptoms of mastoiditis? | Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor. |
75050216c77079e0b0bd73861f9ad294 | How is severe mastoiditis treated? | Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy. |
e9e900dc320c5413bdf6a110a7c88be8 | How does mastoiditis develop? | As mentioned above, mastoiditis most often develops as a result of a middle ear infection. Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone. Less commonly, a growing collection of skin cells called a cholesteatoma, may block drainage of the ear, leading to mastoiditis. |
e803432c41853cc7c71844ee4a876dbd | How effective is an IUD as emergency contraception? | An IUD can be inserted to prevent pregnancy. |
1be561f14e0b2cd465329edcad41db96 | Where can you get emergency contraception? | Some doctors will prescribe ECPs over the phone and call the prescription in to a pharmacy. As mentioned above, levonorgestrel is available at pharmacies without a prescription. |
4a5bdb2b80c7932ce7d7c6f529839c94 | How effective is Plan B One-Step as an emergency contraception? | If levonorgestrel is taken as directed after unprotected sex, it will decrease the chances of a pregnancy occurring. About 7 out of every 8 women who would have gotten pregnant do not become pregnant. However, research shows that levonorgestrel starts to lose its effectiveness in women who are overweight or obese. Instead, an IUD is the suggested option in this group. |
464d55f192be477405e362c44eff33c2 | Can emergency contraception protect me from contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDS)? | Emergency contraception will not protect you from contracting an STD, such as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The best way to avoid getting STDs is to limit sexual contact to one uninfected partner. If that is not an option, use a latex condom correctly every time you have sex. |
33762ee814e9d40ac64d48744af9304a | Who gets enuresis? | Estimates suggest that 7% of boys and 3% of girls age 5 have enuresis. These numbers drop to 3% of boys and 2% of girls by age 10. Most children outgrow this problem by the time they become teens, with only about 1% of males and less than 1% of females having the disorder at age 18. |
abe66f79617a06d840cd39cbae19e345 | Do children outgrow bed-wetting? | Most children with enuresis outgrow the disorder by the time they reach their teen years, with a spontaneous cure rate of 12% to 15% per year. Only a small number, about 1%, continues to have a problem into adulthood. |
b85c90eb2f2ae6b4b7604c6036b75e3b | Can secondhand tobacco smoke cause lung cancer? | Secondhand tobacco smoke is also a cause. People who live with someone who smokes are 20% to 30% more likely to get lung cancer than those who live in a smoke-free home. |
4dc565df3ddbcbbeb475a3dc8b6cd966 | Where does squamous cell carcinoma start? | Squamous cell carcinoma usually starts in the lung's largest branches, which doctors call the âcentral bronchi.â This type accounts for 30% of lung cancers, and it's more common in men and people who smoke. |
2f6e074b5d1c8fdbc07540874ad764ce | Besides smoking are there other causes for lung cancer? | Some genetic glitches may put some people at higher risk. |
cb8e27a8153d0ffbb415d7cf9e416849 | What parts of the body are affected by squamous cell carcinoma? | Squamous cell carcinoma can also spread to the lymph nodes, bones, and other organs such as the liver. |
116e99ce10f4dce7394d3fb849003f6a | What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer platelets than normal? | Infections can cause symptoms like these: Fever Weakness Achy muscles Fatigue Diarrhea If you have fewer platelets than usual, your blood may not clot as well as it should. You might have symptoms like these: Easy bruising Bleeding that can be hard to stop Bleeding gums Small red spots under your skin caused by bleeding Nosebleeds Sores that don't heal Leukemia cells can spread to other parts of your body and cause symptoms like these: Balance problems Blurred vision Bone or joint pain Numbness in your face Seizures Spots or a rash on your skin Swelling in your belly Swollen, bleeding gums Swollen glands in your neck, groin, underarms, or above your collarbone If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor. |
d97d54c507c3f70eefadee8bd7deeb37 | What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer healthy red blood cells? | There are several forms of AML. Each affects a different kind of blood cell. The symptoms you have depend on the type of blood cell that's affected. If you have fewer healthy red blood cells than normal, you'll have symptoms like these: Tiredness Weakness Pale skin Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Cold hands and feet Shortness of breath Headaches Weight loss Loss of appetite If you have fewer healthy white blood cells than normal, you may get more infections than usual. |
9cf5bb2248062d7b05657be336065942 | What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer healthy white blood cells than normal? | If you have fewer healthy red blood cells than normal, you'll have symptoms like these: Tiredness Weakness Pale skin Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Cold hands and feet Shortness of breath Headaches Weight loss Loss of appetite If you have fewer healthy white blood cells than normal, you may get more infections than usual. These infections may take a long time to get better. Infections can cause symptoms like these: Fever Weakness Achy muscles Fatigue Diarrhea If you have fewer platelets than usual, your blood may not clot as well as it should. |
2f9ccb5ed65453fd42cfa3d3efc6ac94 | What are possible causes why my arm hurts? | Sometimes, you can trace arm pain to a sports injury or simply using it too much. Other times, another condition could be to blame. Here are some other possible causes: Broken bones: If your arm starts to hurt right after a physical injury, you may have fractured it. You might also have swelling, bruising, numbness, or weakness. See your doctor right away so your arm will heal properly. Strain or sprain: An injury can cause damage to your muscles (a strain) or your ligaments (a sprain). Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, weakness, and muscle spasms. Both conditions will usually heal on their own, but if your symptoms are severe, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. Tendinitis: This happens when the tendons in your shoulder or arm become inflamed. Those are bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. One example of tendinitis is âtennis elbow.â You could feel the pain in your shoulder, elbow, or wrist. It could be a result of an injury or â more often â overuse. Rotator cuff injury: This part of your shoulder is made up of muscles and tendons. It allows your shoulder to move or stay in place. As we age, tendons in the rotator cuff begin to wear down or tear. If you have a job where you make overhead motions over and over, you can damage it, too. Symptoms range from a dull ache and weakness in your arm to severe, constant pain. If you suspect a rotator cuff injury, see your doctor. You may need physical therapy. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Doing the same movements over and over with your wrist can cause damage to the main nerve in your hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain. |
0e81edf216b8e981b007b3434cd96cc2 | Are creams, gels, or patches used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | If your pain is only in one small area of your body, your doctor might have you try a drug that goes on your skin. You may hear him call this a topical medicine. You rub a small amount of cream or gel over the joint that hurts. Some of these medications come in patches. Your choices for this kind of medicine include NSAIDs, lidocaine, and capsaicin, the chemical in hot peppers. You can buy some over the counter, and your doctor will prescribe others. |
9c83e1a0e5e15efea1de8c5174aa6d9f | What medications are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | Over the counter: Ibuprofen Naproxen Prescription: Celecoxib Diclofenac Indomethacin Meloxicam Like any medicine, these have both risks and side effects. |
afe1e162982981f1967f856b66782b4d | Are painkillers used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | It's fine to take over-the-counter acetaminophen when your joints hurt occasionally. But if you have severe joint damage and constant pain, your doctor may prescribe something stronger. One option is to take acetaminophen paired with an NSAID. In rare cases, your doctor might prescribe short courses of opioids. These drugs have side effects and some serious risks. You could become constipated, too sleepy, or foggy. |
b5ef6dc7250032014cbf4c7ba6dc9483 | Are there side effects for medication that is used on the skin to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | Medication that you put on your skin may have fewer side effects than those you take by mouth. That's because they don't get into your bloodstream. However, that also means they may not work as well for RA as they might for other conditions. |
b0d0a51c8787a858f0586533f723435d | What tests do doctors use to diagnose pancreatitis? | To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor tests your blood to measure two digestive enzymes: amylase and lipase. High levels of these two enzymes mean you probably have acute pancreatitis. Other tests can include: Pancreatic function test to find out whether your pancreas is making the right amounts of digestive enzymes Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI, which make images of your pancreas ERCP, in which your doctor uses a long tube with a camera on the end to look at your pancreatic and bile ducts Biopsy, in which your doctor uses a needle to remove a small piece of tissue from your pancreas to be studied In some cases, your doctor may test your blood and poop to confirm the diagnosis. |
c5dc28df1df6a667f128662a9ed3edec | What is acute pancreatitis? | Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation that lasts a short time. It can range from mild discomfort to a severe, life-threatening illness. Most people with acute pancreatitis recover completely after getting the right treatment. In severe cases, acute pancreatitis can cause bleeding, serious tissue damage, infection, and cysts. Severe pancreatitis can also harm other vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys. |
91fa98538c6efc2bc4549fe33e957df3 | What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis? | Symptoms of acute pancreatitis Fever Higher heart rate Nausea and vomiting Swollen and tender belly Pain in the upper part of your belly that goes into your back. Eating may make it worse, especially foods high in fat. |
32e213c30133c3ff676dbc0cdeeaf4f7 | How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed? | To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor tests your blood to measure two digestive enzymes: amylase and lipase. High levels of these two enzymes mean you probably have acute pancreatitis. |
19df34b6da956d029860ff315ed55c3f | Who is most likely to get sepsis? | Anyone can get it, but certain groups of people are at greater risk. They include: People whose immune systems are not working well due to illnesses like HIV/ AIDS or cancer People who take drugs that suppress the immune system, like steroids and those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs Very young babies The elderly, especially those with other health problems People who have recently been hospitalized and/or had major surgeries People with diabetes Because it can begin in different parts of the body, this illness can have many different symptoms. |
c6b88e5c0e57dacfdb81c0dc8edcf1b8 | What is sepsis? | Sepsis is caused by your body's defense system (immune system) working overtime to fight infection. It's sometimes called septicemia. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The large number of chemicals released into the blood during this process triggers widespread inflammation. This can lead to organ damage. Blood clotting during sepsis reduces blood flow to limbs and internal organs. This deprives them of nutrients and oxygen. In severe cases, one or more organs may fail. In the worst cases, sepsis leads to a life-threatening drop in blood pressure. Doctors call this âseptic shock.â It can quickly lead to the failure of several organs -- lungs, kidneys, and liver. This can be fatal in some cases. |
5665dbd528912e598f4b7f9da9393a29 | What causes sepsis? | But sepsis can also result from other infections. It can begin anywhere bacteria or viruses enter the body. So, it could sometimes be caused by something as minor as a scraped knee or nicked cuticle. If you have a more serious medical problem such as appendicitis, pneumonia, meningitis, or a urinary tract infection, you're also at risk. If you have an infection of the bone, called osteomyelitis, it could lead to sepsis. In people who are hospitalized, the bacteria that trigger sepsis can enter the body through IV lines, surgical incisions, urinary catheters, and bed sores. |
7d84ea6ca2fcbaed7253d48a2e424b0d | What are the symptoms of sepsis? | They include: People whose immune systems are not working well due to illnesses like HIV/ AIDS or cancer People who take drugs that suppress the immune system, like steroids and those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs Very young babies The elderly, especially those with other health problems People who have recently been hospitalized and/or had major surgeries People with diabetes Because it can begin in different parts of the body, this illness can have many different symptoms. The first signs may include rapid breathing and confusion. Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU). |
946d45844dc21bfe9f3d23aa15e4c8a8 | How is sepsis diagnosed? | Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU). |
34fd8ddc0c438abdbf37108369ad7ef3 | What happens after being diagnosed with sepsis? | Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU). There, he'll try to stop the infection, keep vital organs functioning, and regulate your blood pressure ( IV fluids and extra oxygen can help with this). |
e82653b418413fe0ee2e40877d844772 | How is sepsis treated? | Once your doctor knows for sure what's causing your sepsis, he'll put you on medicine that targets that specific germ. Often, doctors prescribe vasopressors (drugs that cause the blood vessels to narrow) to improve blood pressure. If your case is severe, you might need other types of treatment, like a breathing machine or kidney dialysis. Sometimes surgery is needed to drain or clean an infection. |
f8df4b41b06a07eaa9d17a137ad8d6cd | How can I control animal dander? | It may (but does not always) help to wash the animal at least once a week to remove excess dander and collected pollens. Never allow the pet into the allergic child's bedroom. If you don't already own a pet and your child has asthma, consult your child's doctor if you're considering getting one. |
e390de23603f76810cd55d8a030c6e44 | What are some basic things to know when you and your doctor are coming up with your child's asthma treatment plan? | Developing an effective medication plan to control a child's asthma can take a little time and trial and error. Different drugs work more or less effectively for different kinds of asthma, and some drug combinations work well for some children but not for others. There are two main categories of asthma medications: quick-relief medications (rescue medications) and long-term preventive drugs (controller medications) (see Treatment of Asthma). Asthma drugs treat both symptoms and causes, so they effectively control asthma for nearly every child. Over-the-counter drugs, home remedies, and herbal combinations are not substitutes for prescription asthma medication because they cannot reverse airway obstruction and they do not address the cause of many asthma flares. |
02940018fcaccb413f561e81c479e468 | Why are warning signs important for children with asthma? | Parents with very young children who can't talk often find early warning signs very helpful in predicting and preventing attacks. And early warning signs can be helpful for older children and even teenagers because they can learn to sense little changes in themselves. |
623319d7ece2e2cc2598c1853cd01653 | How do I identify asthma triggers and symptoms in children? | Keep a record of when symptoms occur and how long they last. Once patterns are discovered, some of the triggers can be avoided through environmental control measures, which are steps to reduce exposure to a child's allergy triggers. Talk with your doctor about starting with environmental control measures that will limit those allergens and irritants causing immediate problems for a child. Remember that allergies develop over time with continued exposure to allergens, so a child's asthma triggers may change over time. |
fbcb197f50c20060897b5f77939100b5 | How can I control irritants that trigger asthma? | To control irritants: Do not smoke (or allow others to smoke) at home, even when a child is not present. Do not burn wood fires in fireplaces or wood stoves. Avoid strong odors from paint, perfume, hair spray, disinfectants, chemical cleaners, air fresheners, and glues. |
b71bc3a786f414226cc56f09d6b7697c | Why is it important to learn more about asthma and its triggers? | Learning more about asthma and asthma treatment is the secret to successful asthma control. There are several organizations you can contact for information, videos, books, educational video games, and pamphlets. |
05adc6b159c155d4bc330340a123e19e | What can you do about outdoor asthma triggers for children? | Outdoor controls When mold or pollen counts are high, give your child medications recommended by your doctor (usually an antihistamine like Zyrtec or Claritin) before going outdoors. After playing outdoors, the child should bathe and change clothes. Drive with the car windows shut and air conditioning on during mold and pollen seasons. Don't let a child mow the grass or rake leaves. In some cases, the doctor may recommend immunotherapy, a way of gradually improving your child's tolerance of allergens that bother him, when control measures and medications are not effective. |
127a4d8badb4ca4c63dd3ee16799c73d | Can you reverse sun damage? | Fortunately, experts are shedding light on ways you can reverse some problems caused by the sun. It's not possible to erase all of the damage, but there are some steps you can take for these common conditions. |
7a7cdb1ffbe6573ef1a79645708d8680 | How does sunburn happen? | Sunburns happen when there's damage to the DNA in your skin cells. Over time, these injuries add up and lead to physical changes like wrinkles and skin cancer. |
96d69949434f2e65c3a87cb2359b7020 | How can you get rid of dry skin? | The sun can parch your skin, leaving with you rough patches. But you don't have to be stuck with the lizard look. Use a scrub or loofah to gently exfoliate and remove the top layer of dead skin cells to reveal the soft skin beneath. Then moisturize with lotion. If you're sunburned, skip petroleum-based products, which trap in heat. Also drink plenty of water during the day. |
4b5d5fec49f3ac8c6798058ac882eb8f | How can you prevent the damage from a sunburn? | While there are plenty of things you can do to ease the pain, there are only a few ways you can counteract the damage before it's there for good. Wear a broad spectrum sunscreen -- and reapply it at least every 80 minutes -- and try to stick to the shade. You'll protect yourself from future UV radiation and give your skin's enzymes time to repair some of the damaged DNA. |
67292c4c46fd0b3b349e20d4b644a5d2 | When should you see a dermatologist about sun damage? | If sun damage gives you any new or changing marks, let your dermatologist know. They could be a sign of skin cancer. And protect yourself from future UV harm with sun-safe habits. Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., and wear protective clothing and a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Apply a thick layer of sunscreen to all exposed skin, and reapply every 80 minutes when out and after swimming and sweating. |
4b068d87b30bd719cf9e3866c1e614da | How can prescription creams help with actinic keratosis? | Many of the treatments that repair other sun damage may also work for AK, such as cryotherapy, chemical peels, and laser therapy. You can also try: Prescription creams/gels. Your doctor can prescribe a few different drugs you put on your skin to treat sun-damaged areas. Imiquimod ( Aldara, Zyclara) causes your skin to create a chemical called interferon that kills precancerous cells.5-fluorouracil ( Carac, Efudex, Fluoroplex) is another drug that destroys fast-growing AK cells. A newer treatment called ingenol mebutate ( Picato) treats the patches within 2-3 days. If your skin is too sensitive for these creams, hyaluronic acid paired with the drug diclofenac ( Solaraze) can treat AK. |
8409e05747ec45c84c8a2260ad885649 | How do you get wrinkles? | Your skin makes a chemical called melanin to protect itself against UV rays. |
e45dd701df53288c01f1ebfe1059cf9e | How can you treat melasma? | You can reverse melasma with many of the same treatments that work for age spots, such as skin-lightening creams. One study found that hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid all worked well in reducing the splotches. Chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy are also options. Most important, strict sun avoidance and liberal use of broad-spectrum sunscreens that protect against UVA, UVB, and visible light are a must for successful treatment of melasma. |
b10e657203134f28fd50f652556f86ba | How does microdermabrasion help with wrinkles? | Microdermabrasion: This technique uses tiny grains, crystals, or diamond tips to remove the outer layer of skin. It also prompts the growth of collagen. |
1c283c4f4cfddb325b4dd93aedda94e7 | How does beta-carotene help with wrinkles? | Try these treatments to iron out those wrinkles: Beta-carotene: Research shows that this antioxidant makes skin more supple and flexible and reduces sun-related wrinkles. You can find it in fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, spinach, and cantaloupe, or in a supplement. |
1747b46e864f4506c565e3d3713c1842 | How do chemical peels help with wrinkles? | Chemical peels: This treatment removes damaged cells from the upper layers of your skin. Options can range from alpha-hydroxy or salicylic acid cream you apply yourself to a medium-depth peel, which you get from a dermatologist. |
718e2c34a8eb63a33d205db07ac37756 | What are hamartomas? | These are some of the more common types of benign lung tumors: Hamartomas are the most common type of benign lung tumor and the third most common cause of solitary pulmonary nodules. These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung. |
63a83996a97b6529323f64b9f7376bee | What are benign lung tumors | Benign lung tumors may grow from many different structures in the lung. Determining whether a nodule is a benign tumor or an early stage of cancer is very important. That's because early detection and treatment of lung cancer can greatly enhance your survival. |
080ffcbc89b249e48a511a45ba69ef68 | How are benign lung nodules and tumors diagnosed? | In addition to taking a history and doing a physical exam, your doctor may simply "watch" a nodule, taking repeated X-rays, over a period of two years or longer if the nodule is smaller than 6 millimeters and your risk is low. If the nodule remains the same size for at least two years, it is considered benign. That's because benign lung nodules grow slowly, if at all. On the other hand, cancerous nodules, on average, double in size every four months. Your doctor may continue to a check your lung nodule each year for up to five years to ensure that it is benign. |
e90cd246c53d64637196dd26f0e00cd9 | What is a lung nodule? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A nodule is a "spot on the lung," seen on an X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan. In fact, a nodule shows up on about one in every 500 chest X-rays. Normal lung tissue surrounds this small round or oval solid overgrowth of tissue. It may be a single or solitary pulmonary nodule. Or, you may have multiple nodules. |
f393d539b9fc91b696abc757fcbe8aac | Are lung nodules different than lung cancer? | In many cases, though, a lung nodule turns out to be benign. |
29853b150d02e37a5517bc74afd318a7 | What are the most common benign lung tumors? | These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung. Bronchial adenomas make up about half of all benign lung tumors. They are a diverse group of tumors that arise from mucous glands and ducts of the windpipe or large airways of the lung. A mucous gland adenoma is an example of a true benign bronchial adenoma. Rare neoplasms may include chondromas, fibromas, or lipomas -- benign tumors made up of connective tissue or fatty tissue. |
03b450136768655c33370b65a48151cb | What birth defects cause benign lung tumors? | But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as: An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, or aspergillosis, for example) Tuberculosis ( TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia (rare in adults) Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Wegener granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation. |
0fce7fb3b4d4455751cd526a7a6f8cc2 | How do you know if your lung nodule is benign? | Your lung nodule is more likely to be benign if: You are younger than age 40. |
3ed92841459312cdca293f88207da47f | How is a biopsy done for benign lung tumors and nodules? | You could have one or more of these tests: Blood tests Tuberculin skin test to check for TB Positron emission tomography ( PET) scan Single-photo emission CT ( SPECT) Magnetic resonance imaging (in rare cases) Biopsy, tissue removal, and examination under a microscope to confirm whether the tumor is benign or cancerous A biopsy can be done using a variety of methods such as aspirating cells through a needle or removing a sample of them using bronchoscopy. This procedure allows your doctor to look at your airway through a thin viewing instrument. |
4355f4e9defaa2cf04316acfb5c072ea | What are noninfectious causes of benign lung tumors? | But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as: An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, or aspergillosis, for example) Tuberculosis ( TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia (rare in adults) Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Wegener granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation. |
c0829b782310979bde690caa47ecd98d | Is there an anthrax vaccine, and for whom is it intended? | The anthrax vaccine isn't approved for use after exposure, but that might change in an emergency situation, such as if anthrax were used in terrorism. In that case, people who are exposed would need three shots of the vaccine over 4 weeks, and also take antibiotics of 60 days. |
29e23463ac7fef2908c9f7ff99ffda76 | How do you get anthrax? | You can't get it unless the spores get into your body, either through a cut or because you breathe them in or drink or eat something that's contaminated with spores that contain the bacteria. You cannot catch anthrax from someone else. |
4182f0e76eca7c5c48cc46170ba0a370 | What are the risks of anesthesia? | As a matter of fact, not only have errors become relatively uncommon, but experts say anesthesia is one of the safest areas of health care today. |
f5df98077c703feb00eb66379fbeca08 | What are the symptoms of arterial clots? | Symptoms You may not have any at first. As the clot grows or blocks more of your blood flow, you might notice any of the following: Cold arm or leg Fingers or hands that feel cool to the touch Muscle pain or spasm in the affected area Numbness or tingling in your arm or leg Weakness of the affected limb Loss of color in the affected limb These form in your veins. |
11e2d2598bcb7ab545a488d757f55fbd | What can happen if deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is left untreated? | Left untreated, a DVT can turn into a pulmonary embolism. Call 911 if you have pain, swelling, or tenderness in your leg, and: You can't breathe. You have chest pain. |
2d28146fcf9e29904225f342fa9699ed | What type of blood clot is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | This is also called a âvenous thrombosis.â It's a blood clot that forms in a major vein deep in your body. It usually happens in your lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. But it can also form in other parts of your body, like your arm, brain, intestines, liver, or kidney. |
9f8a68e7fb422d1ce170d05c14e7e17e | What type of blood clot is pulmonary embolism? | It's a DVT that breaks off and travels up your leg to your lungs, where it gets stuck. It can be fatal. |
d1e5432583bbf4a702c8139fd3cebb58 | What is superficial venous thrombosis? | This is a blood clot that forms in a vein close to the surface of the skin. They don't normally break loose and travel through the bloodstream. |
6fde456cfd4b2148981bffce243af6db | What are the symptoms of superficial venous thrombosis? | Symptoms If your vein is near your skin's surface (superficial venous thrombosis), these may include: Painful, swollen, inflamed skin over the affected vein A vein that feels hard or painfully tender to the touch Red skin over the affected vein If you have a DVT, you may notice the following: The affected leg is swollen (sometimes both legs swell). |
6c5f7785b86af3fa9398d1da4a53240c | What are arterial clots? | These form in your arteries -- the blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart. Arterial clots block blood and oxygen from reaching your vital organs. They can lead to tissue damage. Often, they occur in your legs and feet. Sometimes, they happen in your brain, where they can lead to stroke. Or, they may form in your heart, where they can cause a heart attack. Arterial clots can also take root in your kidneys, intestines, or eyes, though this is rare. |
59df198e4f52cf58a4a317f44e3ef211 | What happens after your colonoscopy? | After your colonoscopy: You will stay in a recovery room for about 30 minutes for observation You may feel some cramping or a sensation of having gas, but this usually passes quickly You can resume your normal diet Read your discharge instructions carefully. Certain medications, such as blood-thinning agents, may need to be avoided temporarily if biopsies were taken or polyps were removed. |
796c9876503d7fe166156f9bd537a67e | How do you prepare for a colonoscopy? | You may need to take antibiotics before the colonoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure There may be some diet or fluid restrictions before you have a colonoscopy, but this will vary according to your doctor's instructions. You may be asked to limit or eliminate solid foods for a few days before the test. You may also be asked to take laxatives by mouth. Make sure you arrange for a driver to bring you home after the colonoscopy. Because you receive sedating medication during the procedure, it is unsafe for you to drive or operate machinery for 8 hours after the procedure. |
55488642c05342a4a05a7017814873ba | When do you need to take antibiotics before a colonoscopy? | You may need to take antibiotics before the colonoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure There may be some diet or fluid restrictions before you have a colonoscopy, but this will vary according to your doctor's instructions. |
02e04e54d62cc94a20c233582c7c31ab | How do doctors diagnose autism? | An autism diagnosis starts with a parent answering a questionnaire about the child, often about behaviors that started when they were very young. Further tests and tools may include more questionnaires, surveys, and checklists, as well as interviews and observed activities. |
7019f675e72126f5938020af2aa4a137 | How do doctors diagnose ADHD? | To diagnose ADHD, doctors look for a pattern of behaviors over time like being distracted or forgetful, not following through, having trouble waiting for a turn, and fidgeting or squirming. They'll ask for feedback from parents, teachers, and other adults that care for the child. A doctor will also try to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms. |
8531279c44ac5846f95f69fd12f8c77e | What should parents study to understand their child more? | You should also study how your child is learning to communicate. Although kids with either condition struggle to interact with others, those with autism tend to be self-centered. They often have a hard time putting words to their thoughts and feelings, and they may not be able to point to an object to give meaning to their speech. They find it hard to make eye contact. |
9f35d3efa4c141c54e369946a6ac7adf | What are some common traits of people with ADHD and autism? | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and autism can look a lot like each other. Children with either condition can have problems focusing. They can be impulsive or have a hard time communicating. They may have trouble with schoolwork and with relationships. |
8941931170fabf30c88f63b28592f605 | How are ADHD and autism different? | Keep an eye on how your child pays attention. Those with autism struggle to focus on things that they don't like, such as reading a book or doing a puzzle. And they may fixate on things that they do like, such as playing with a particular toy. Kids with ADHD lose initial interest, and they dislike and avoid things they'll have to concentrate on. |
c1de75457e83b6e37e8db3c2839bc088 | How do doctors treat ADHD? | There's no one-size-fits-all way to deal with ADHD. Younger kids start with behavior therapy, and the doctor may prescribe medication if symptoms don't improve enough. Older kids will usually get both. ADHD symptoms, and their treatment, may change over time. |
91401e20b1edb9a69fd895590daba0ef | What are some traits associated with autism? | An autistic child loves order and repetition, but one with ADHD doesn't, even if it helps them. A child with autism might want the same type of food at a favorite restaurant, for instance, or become overly attached to one toy or shirt. They'll become upset when routines change. |
fc888c0d19295391af12f7f2c9d75235 | What are some traits associated with ADHD? | A child with ADHD, on the other hand, may talk nonstop. They're more likely to interrupt when someone else is speaking or butt in and try to monopolize a conversation. |
2c4b67fe75ba8e85e70200c05dadb127 | What does an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury feel like? | What you'll feel: Pain in your shoulder. You might also see a bump on top of the shoulder where it's separated. |
913b8f2c18714a08836ee38a0082a144 | How can you get a rotator cuff injury? | How it can get hurt: Sports that involve lifting your hands over your head -- like pitching in baseball, swimming the freestyle or butterfly stroke, serving in tennis, and weightlifting -- can cause the top part of the shoulder blade to pinch the rotator cuff muscles. Doctors call this âshoulder impingement.â Repetitive motion in sports can also overload the tendons of the rotator cuff. Over time, they can swell and get inflamed. Doctors call this tendinitis. If you ignore the pain and keep swinging that golf club or tennis racket, the tendon that connects the rotator cuff muscles to the ball part of the joint can eventually tear. |
1a7cd6026a8e33ee37702e41234f6f44 | How do you treat a rotator cuff injury? | Treatment: Your doctor may suggest that you rest your shoulder for a few days, then start rotator cuff stretches and exercises so that this area gets stronger and moves well. Don't lift anything above shoulder level until the injury heals. An anti-inflammatory medication or corticosteroid injection may help bring down swelling and ease pain. If the pain and weakness don't improve, you might need physical therapy or surgery. |
57fe1370eefe38770cd2114b83654e69 | How is a dislocated shoulder treated? | Treatment: Don't let anyone work on your shoulder unless you're sure they are trained and have experience in doing this. Otherwise, it could make matters worse. Instead, see your doctor, who may give you a sedative or pain medicine before sliding your upper arm bone gently back into its socket. You'll have to keep the shoulder still for a few weeks afterward in a sling. If your shoulder is being stubborn and it won't go back in place, you may need surgery to move the joint. Surgery can also repair torn ligaments or tendons in your shoulder. |
a97d9409a50157e62b7c7cbbf65f8906 | How can you dislocate your shoulder? | When the shoulder slips only partway out of the socket, doctors call that âsubluxation.â How it can get injured : A strong hit to your shoulder on the football field or ice hockey rink can pop the ball out of its socket. You can also get a dislocated shoulder if you rotate your shoulder joint too far, like when you're serving in volleyball. |
b7390334ba91c6ca54f481649698a657 | How can you get an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury? | How it can get hurt : You might get hit hard in the shoulder or fall on an outstretched hand. |
03b6589c90287637e3ea408635d7a8d3 | How can you prevent a rotator cuff injury? | Prevention: Exercise your rotator cuff muscles to keep them strong and improve your range of motion. Be careful when you play sports like golf and tennis that use the same repetitive motions. Switch up your game once in a while. And stop whenever you feel pain. |
6112dc1dab12c958580d68661cc87a78 | How can you prevent an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury? | Prevention: Do range-of-motion and strengthening exercises. Gradually increase the weight and number of reps to strengthen your shoulder. |
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