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---

allenai

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sci-sentences-10k

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[ "In", " contrast", " to", " the", " result", " of", " hypothesis", " one", " of", " the", "\ngeneral", " sample", " with", " the", " group", " of", " male", " students", ",", " which", " accepts", "\nthe", " relationship", " between", " cyberbullying", " and", " introversion", " and", "\nextroversion", ",", " likewise", " hypothesis", " three", " and", " six", ",", " this", " last", " one", "\nwith", " a", " level", " of", " significance", " <", "0", ".", "05", " expressed", " in", " the", " p", " value", " of", "\n0", ".", "000", ",", " so", " it", " is", " shown", " that", " masculinity", " and", " femininity", " positively", "\ninfluence", " introversion", " and", " extroversion", ";", " according", " to", " [", "27", "]", ",", " the", "\nexpression", " of", " masculinity", " and", " femininity", " is", " based", " on", " behaviors", ",", "\nattitudes", " and", " personality", " traits", " of", " the", " individual", " within", " which", "\nintroversion", " and", " extroversion", " can", " be", " included", " with", " their", "\ncorresponding", " characteristics", ",", " such", " as", " the", " desire", " to", " maintain", "\ninterpersonal", " relationships", " with", " similar", " or", " maintain", " a", " profile", "Discreet", " in", " order", " not", " to", " encourage", " speculation", " about", " the", " person", "\nhimself", " or", " the", " expression", " of", " particular", " tastes", " and", " interests", " with", "\na", " significant", " reception", ".", "Continuing", " with", " the", " analysis", " and", " discussion", " of", " the", " results", "\nobtained", ",", " we", " proceed", " with", " the", " female", " group", ",", " where", " hypothesis", "\nsix", " is", " accepted", " and", " the", " rest", " are", " rejected", ",", " indicating", " that", " the", "\nrelationship", " and", " influence", " between", " the", " study", " variables", "\nproposed", " in", " the", " hypotheses", " does", " not", " provide", " results", " similar", " to", "\nthose", " of", " the", " group", " of", " men", " or", " the", " sample", " in", " general", ",", " which", "\ncould", " indicate", " that", " for", " a", " female", " population", ",", " there", " are", " other", "\nfactors", " that", " influence", " or", " are", " related", " to", " cyberbullying", " as", " an", "\neducational", " phenomenon", ".", "In", " conclusion", ",", " cyberbullying", " is", " increasingly", " present", " within", "\nthe", " school", " educational", " environment", ",", " as", " an", " extension", " of", "\ntraditional", " bullying", " since", " currently", " most", " students", " are", " linked", " to", "\nthe", " use", " of", " technology", " and", " social", " networks", " as", " means", " of", "\ncommunication", " and", " socialization", "\n[", "28", "]", ",", " however", ",", " it", " is", "\nimperative", " to", " first", " take", " into", " account", " the", " consequences", " of", " these", "\nchanges", " in", " the", " classical", " educational", " model", ",", " identifying", " and", "\ninvestigating", " those", " related", " or", " predictive", " factors", ",", " according", " to", "\nMartín", " Criado", "[", "29", "]", ",", " child", " victims", " of", " cyberbullying", " are", " very", "\nlikely", " to", " suffer", " damage", " to", " their", " mental", " and", " physical", " health", ",", "\npsychosomatic", " symptoms", ",", " antisocial", " behavior", " and", " even", "\nsuicidal", " ideation", ",", " these", " within", " a", " series", " of", " repercussions", " that", "\ncontinue", " to", " be", " researched", ",", " in", " the", " same", " way", " as", " causal", " or", "\nrelational", " as", " the", " variables", " developed", " in", " the", " present", " study", ",", "\nwhich", " just", " as", " you", " are", " differentiating", " groups", " by", " gender", " or", " in", " the", "\ntotal", " sample", " indicate", " the", " relationship", " and", " influence", " between", "\nthese", ",", " or", " with", " cyberbullying", ",", " for", " this", " reason", " the", " continuation", " in", "\nthe", " study", " of", " psychoeducational", " variables", " at", " present", " It", " must", " be", "\nin", " the", " interest", " of", " the", " scientific", " community", " and", " all", " educational", "\nagents", " involved", " in", " the", " benefit", " of", " quality", " education", ".", "V", ".", " FUTURE", " WORKS", "We", " recommend", " continuing", " to", " research", " issues", " related", " to", "\nstudent", " behavior", ",", " especially", " in", " secondary", " education", ",", " mediated", "\nwith", " Web", " technologies", ",", " because", " there", " are", " many", " relevant", "\nresearch", " problems", " related", " to", " cyberbullying", " in", " adolescent", "\ndevelopment", ".", "VI", ".", " R", " EFERENCES", "\n[", "1", "]", " P", ".", " Delgado", "-", "Gutierrez", ",", " O", ".", " Rojas", "-", "Carrera", ",", " A", ".", " Gutierrez", "-", "Aguilar", ",", " and", " O", ".", " Gutierrez" ]

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[ "a", " dominant", " dependent", " measure", " to", " identify", " the", " processes", " that", " affect", " the", " human’s", "\nresponse", ".", "Statistically", ",", " RT", " is", " often", " treated", " as", " a", " random", " variable", " because", " it", " typically", " varies", " between", " trials", " for", " the", " same", "\nhuman", " within", " a", " given", " context", ".", "Furthermore", ",", " RT", " distributions", " are", " attributed", " with", " a", " positively", " skewed", " unimodal", " shape", "\n(", "see", " Figure", " 13", ")", " that", " cannot", " be", " effectively", " captured", " by", " only", " mean", " and", " variance", " [", "74", "]", ".", "Therefore", ",", " a", " RT", " distribution", "\ncannot", " be", " modeled", " as", " a", " Gaussian", " distribution", ".", "Figure", " 13", ".", " Empirical", " probability", " density", " function", " representing", " the", " response", " time", " RT", " distribution", " for", " the", " aggregated", " human", " subject", " study", " data", " described", " in", " this", " article", ".", "RT", " distributions", " are", " attributed", " with", " a", " positively", " skewed", " unimodal", " shape", " with", " a", " rapid", " rise", " on", " the", " left", " and", " a", " long", " positive", "\ntail", " on", " the", " right", ".", "To", " describe", " a", " typical", " RT", " distribution", ",", " standard", " distributions", " like", " gamma", " distribution", " and", " log", "-", "normal", " distribution", "\nhave", " been", " used", " in", " the", " literature", " [", "75", "]", ",", " [", "76", "]", ".", "One", " of", " the", " most", " widely", " employed", " distribution", " for", " RT", " data", " has", " been", "\nan", " exponentially", " modified", " Gaussian", " (", "or", " ex", "-", "Gaussian", ")", " distribution", " [", "64", "]", ",", " [", "77", "]", "–", "[", "83", "]", ",", " defined", " as", " the", " convolution", " of", " an", "\nexponential", " distribution", " with", " a", " Gaussian", " distribution", ".", "This", " distribution", " is", " characterized", " by", " three", " parameters", ",", " µ", " ,", " σ", " and", "\nτ", " ,", " with", " µ", " and", " σ", " characterizing", " the", " average", " and", " standard", " deviation", " of", " the", " Gaussian", " component", " and", " τ", " characterizing", "\nthe", " decay", " rate", " of", " the", " exponential", " component", ".", "For", " σ", " and", " τ", " greater", " than", " zero", ",", " the", " probability", " density", " function", " for", "\nthe", " ex", "-", "Gaussian", " distribution", " is", "\nf", " (", " x", " )", " =", " 1", " 2", " τ", " exp", "\n(cid:18)", " σ", " 2", "\n2", " τ", " 2", " −", "\nx", " −", " µ", "\nτ", "\n(cid:19)", "\nerfc", "\n(cid:18)", " σ", " 2", "\nτ", " −", " (", " x", " −", " µ", " )", "\n(cid:19)", "\n,", "\nwhere", " erfc", " is", " the", " complementary", " error", " function", " defined", " as", "\nerfc", "(", " x", " )", " =", " 2", " √", " π", " (cid:90)", " ∞", "\n0", "\ne", " −", " t", " 2", " dt", " .", "Researchers", " have", " attempted", " to", " specify", " the", " underlying", " process", " for", " RT", " that", " leads", " to", " the", " ex", "-", "Gaussian", " distribution", " by", "\nattributing", " the", " exponential", " component", " to", " decision", " processes", " and", " the", " normal", " component", " to", " residual", " processes", " [", "84", "]", ".", "However", ",", " this", " rationale", " still", " remains", " unproven", ".", "Nonetheless", ",", " the", " ex", "-", "Gaussian", " distribution", " has", " been", " found", " to", " fit", " the", "\nRT", " distribution", " better", " than", " gamma", " and", " log", "-", "normal", " distributions", ".", "R", " EFERENCES", "\n[", "1", "]", " Y", ".", " Wang", " and", " F", ".", " Zhang", ",", " Eds", ".", ",", " Trends", " in", " Control", " and", " Decision", "-", "Making", " for", " Human", "–", "Robot", " Collaboration", " Systems", " .", "\nCham", ":", " Springer", " International", " Publishing", ",", " 2017", ".", "\n[", "2", "]", " N", ".", " R", ".", " Jennings", ",", " L", ".", " Moreau", ",", " D", ".", " Nicholson", ",", " S", ".", " Ramchurn", ",", " S", ".", " Roberts", ",", " T", ".", " Rodden", ",", " and", " A", ".", " Rogers", ",", " “Human", "-", "agent", " Collectives", ",", "”", " Communications", " of", " the", " ACM", " ,", " vol", ".", " 57", ",", " no", ".", " 12", ",", " pp", ".", " 80", "–", "88", ",", " Nov", ".", " 2014" ]

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[ "is", " much", " more", " economical", " than", " solving", " one", ",", " having", " dimension", " 2", " m", " .", "The", " motivation", " of", " our", " work", " is", " therefore", " fourfold", ":", "\n(", "i", ")", " showing", " that", " the", " different", " features", " of", " the", " microscopic", " dynamics", " are", " still", " present", "\nin", " the", " numerics", " of", " Vlasov", " and", " Euler", " situations", ".", "\n(", "ii", ")", " comparing", ",", " for", " ρ", " in", " non", "-", "monokinetic", ",", " the", " moments", " of", " the", " solution", " to", " Vlasov", " as", "\ndefined", " by", " (", "11", ")", " with", " the", " solution", " of", " the", " Euler", " system", " with", " initial", " data", "\n(", "11", ")", "\n(cid:26)", " µ", " in", " (", " x", " )", " =", " (cid:82)", " ρ", " in", " (", " x", ",", " ξ", " )", " dξ", "\nµ", " in", " (", " x", " )", " u", " in", " (", " x", " )", " =", " (cid:82)", " ξρ", " in", " (", " x", ",", " ξ", " )", " dξ", "\n(", "iii", ")", " evaluating", " on", " the", " settings", " (", "i", ")", " and", " (", "ii", ")", " the", " influence", " of", " the", " chemical", " coupling", " by", "\nvarying", " the", " value", " of", " the", " parameter", " η", " from", " 0", " to", " positive", " values", ".", "\n(", "iv", ")", " investigating", " the", " role", " of", " an", " additional", " pressure", " term", " in", " the", " non", " local", " Euler", " system", "\nand", " tuning", " its", " effect", " in", " order", " to", " recover", " agreement", " with", " the", " kinetic", " scale", ".", "MICROSCOPIC", ",", " KINETIC", " AND", " HYDRODYNAMIC", " HYBRID", " MODELS", " OF", " COLLECTIVE", " MOTIONS", " WITH", " CHEMOTAXIS", "\n9", "4", ".", " Main", " results", "In", " the", " following", " section", " we", " present", " our", " numerical", " study", " across", " the", " different", " scales", ",", "\nsimulating", " different", " scenarios", " for", " (", "P", ")", ",", " (", "V", ")", " and", " (", "E", ")", ".", "The", " aim", " of", " this", " paper", " is", " to", " analyze", "\nnumerically", " some", " of", " the", " open", " problems", " related", " to", " generalizations", " of", " theoretical", " results", "\nobtained", " in", " [", "44", "]", ".", "We", " present", " some", " numerical", " insights", " concerning", " general", " initial", " data", ",", " far", "\nfrom", " the", " monokinetic", " ones", ",", " and", " we", " investigate", " the", " role", " of", " the", " different", " terms", ",", " especially", "\nat", " kinetic", " and", " hydrodynamic", " level", ".", "We", " restrict", " ourselves", " to", " the", " 1", "-", "dimensional", " case", "\n(", " d", " =", " 1", ")", ",", " leaving", " higher", " dimensional", " cases", " for", " future", " researches", ".", "For", " partial", " version", "\nof", " the", " models", " investigated", " (", "i", ".", "e", ".", " without", " chemotaxis", " and", "/", "or", " damping", ")", " we", " consider", " the", "\nsame", " scenarios", " of", " previous", " works", " of", " the", " literature", ",", " when", " available", ",", " to", " test", " the", " numerical", "\nscheme", " here", " adopted", ".", "Details", " of", " the", " numerical", " implementation", " can", " be", " found", " in", " the", "\nAppendix", " A", ".", "We", " run", " the", " numerical", " codes", " on", " a", " laptop", " equipped", " with", " an", " Intel", " Core", "\ni7", "-", "1060NG7", " processor", " and", " 16", " GB", " RAM", ".", "4", ".", "1", ".", " Numerical", " Simulations", " of", " (", "P", ")", " and", " (", "V", ")", ".", "We", " start", " our", " analysis", " comparing", "\nparticle", " and", " kinetic", " levels", ".", "To", " the", " best", " of", " our", " knowledge", ",", " this", " is", " the", " first", " time", " that", " a", "\nVlasov", "-", "like", " equation", " is", " coupled", " to", " a", " chemotaxis", " parabolic", " equation", ".", "Numerical", " simula", "-", "\ntions", " of", " (", " V", " )", ",", " neglecting", " chemotaxis", " and", " damping", ",", " can", " be", " found", " in", " [", "1", ",", " 11", "]", ".", "Starting", " with", "\nthe", " same", " initial", " conditions", " of", " these", " papers", ",", " we", " recover", " the", " expected", " behavior", " using", " a", "\ndifferent", " numerical", " scheme", ".", "Then", " we", " add", " the", " coupling", " with", " the", " chemotaxis", " and", " we", "\nshow", " the", " effect" ]

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[ "In", " fact", ",", " it", " is", " widely", " known", " in", " literature", " (", "CDC", "\ndocument", ",", " accessed", " 2019", ")", " that", " BMI", " is", " a", " surrogate", " measure", " of", " body", " fatness", ".", "Neither", " does", " it", " distinguish", " fat", ",", " muscle", ",", " or", "\nbone", " mass", ",", " nor", " does", " it", " describe", " distribution", " of", " fat", " among", " people", ".", "As", " such", ",", " there", " is", " a", " chance", " where", " the", " difference", " in", "\nfamily", " income", " is", " falsely", " correlated", " to", " stature", " while", " the", " true", " underlying", " statistics", " suggests", " otherwise", ".", "To", " illustrate", " this", "\nproblem", ",", " consider", " a", " tall", " and", " visually", " obese", " male", " and", " a", " short", " and", " muscular", " male", " with", " the", " same", " body", " mass", ".", "In", " this", " case", ",", "\nsince", " there", " is", " no", " difference", " in", " BMI", ",", " the", " difference", " in", " family", " income", " must", " be", " explained", " by", " stature", ",", " which", " may", " lead", " to", " an", "\ninaccurate", " conclusion", ".", "This", ",", " however", ",", " was", " not", " the", " case", " for", " the", " deep", "-", "learned", " parameters", ".", "6", "\nConclusion", "This", " paper", " studies", " the", " relationship", " between", " the", " physical", " appearance", " and", " family", " income", ".", "We", " show", " there", " are", " significant", "\nreporting", " errors", " in", " the", " reported", " height", " and", " weight", ",", " and", " show", " that", " these", " discrete", " measurements", " are", " too", " sparse", " to", " provide", "\ncomplete", " description", " of", " the", " body", " shape", ".", "In", " fact", ",", " these", " reporting", " errors", " are", " shown", " to", " be", " correlated", " with", " individual", "\n21", "A", " PREPRINT", " -", " J", " UNE", " 18", ",", " 2019", "Figure", " 21", ":", " Comparison", " of", " Conventional", " Body", " Measures", " and", " Deep", "-", "learned", " Body", " Parameters", " (", "Female", ")", ".", "Estimated", " coefficients", "\nand", " bootstrapped", " 90", "%", " confidence", " bands", " are", " reported", ".", "We", " provide", " results", " from", " conventional", " body", " measures", " (", "Conventional", ")", " and", " deep", "-", "learned", " body", " parameters", " (", "Deep", ")", " with", "/", "without", " control", " function", " (", "CF", ")", " approach", ".", "Note", " that", " the", " unit", " for", " height", " is", " converted", " into", "\ncentimeter", " (", "cm", ")", ".", "backgrounds", ".", "We", " also", " find", " that", " the", " regression", " of", " family", " income", " on", " the", " self", "-", "reported", " measurements", " suffers", " from", " the", "\nissue", " of", " reporting", " errors", " and", " delivers", " biased", " estimates", " compared", " to", " the", " regression", " on", " the", " true", " measurements", ".", "The", "\nfindings", " shed", " light", " on", " the", " importance", " of", " measuring", " body", " types", " instead", " of", " simply", " relying", " on", " subjects’", " self", "-", "reports", " for", "\npublic", " policies", ".", "We", " introduce", " a", " new", " methodology", " built", " on", " graphical", " autoencoder", " in", " deep", " machine", " learning", ".", "From", " the", " three", " dimensional", "\nwhole", "-", "body", " scan", " data", ",", " we", " identify", " two", " intrinsic", " features", " consisting", " of", " human", " body", " shapes", " for", " males", " and", " three", " intrinsic", "\nfeatures", " for", " females", ".", "These", " body", " features", " are", " presumably", " less", " likely", " to", " suffer", " from", " measurement", " errors", " on", " the", " physical", "\nappearances", ".", "We", " also", " take", " into", " account", " a", " possible", " issue", " of", " endogenous", " body", " shapes", " by", " utilizing", " proxy", " variables", " and", "\ncontrol", " functions", " approaches", ".", "The", " empirical", " results", " document", " positive", " impact", " of", " stature", " and", " negative", " impact", " of", " obesity", "\non", " family", " income", " for", " males", ".", "On", " the", " other", " hand", ",", " results", " for", " females", " show", " that", " obesity", " is", " the", " only", " significant", " feature", " and", "\nit", " negatively", " affects", " family", " income", ".", "The", " findings", " support", " the", " hypotheses", " on", " the", " physical", " attractiveness", " premium", " and", " the", "\ndifferential", " treatment", " across", " the", " gender", " in", " the", " labor", " market", " outcomes", ".", "Finally", ",", " we", " believe", " that", " the", " proposed", " method" ]

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[ "we", " can", " easily", " regularise", " the", " phase", " space", " volume", " by", "\nbounding", " the", " momenta", ",", " and", " we", " get", " S", " =", " log", " N", " ,", " independently", " from", " the", " regularisation", ".", "in", " turn", " defined", " by", "\np", " A", " (", " x", " )", " =", "\n(cid:90)", " p", " AB", " (", " x", ",", " y", " )", " dy", ",", "\np", " B", " (", " y", " )", " =", "\n(cid:90)", " p", " AB", " (", " x", ",", " y", " )", " dx", ".", " (", "6", ")", "Otherwise", " they", " are", " correlated", ".", "The", " amount", " of", " correlation", "\nis", " given", " by", " the", " difference", " between", " the", " entropies", " of", " the", "\ntwo", " distributions", " p", " A", " (", " x", ",", " y", " )", " and", " ˜", " p", " A", " (", " x", ",", " y", " )", ".", "The", " entropy", " of", "\na", " probability", " distribution", " p", " being", " S", " =", " (cid:82)", " p", " log", " p", " on", " the", "\nrelevant", " space", ".", "All", " integrals", " are", " taken", " with", " the", " Luoiville", "\nmeasures", " of", " the", " corresponding", " phase", " spaces", ".", "Correlations", " can", " exist", " because", " of", " physical", " laws", " or", " be", "-", "\ncause", " of", " specific", " physical", " situations", ",", " or", " arrangements", " or", "\nmechanisms", ",", " or", " the", " past", " history", " of", " physical", " systems", ".", "Here", " are", " few", " examples", ".", "The", " fact", " that", " the", " two", " poles", " of", "\na", " magnet", " cannot", " have", " the", " same", " polarisation", " is", " excluded", "\nby", " one", " of", " the", " Maxwell", " equations", ".", "It", " is", " just", " a", " fact", " of", "\nthe", " world", ".", "The", " fact", " that", " two", " particles", " tied", " by", " a", " rope", "\ncannot", " move", " apart", " more", " than", " the", " distance", " of", " the", " rope", "\nis", " a", " consequence", " of", " a", " direct", " mechanical", " constraint", ":", " the", "\nrope", ".", "The", " frequency", " of", " the", " light", " emitted", " by", " a", " hot", " piece", "\nof", " metal", " is", " correlated", " to", " the", " temperature", " of", " the", " metal", " at", "\nthe", " moment", " of", " the", " emission", ".", "The", " direction", " of", " the", " pho", "-", "\ntons", " emitted", " from", " an", " object", " is", " correlated", " to", " the", " position", "\nof", " the", " object", ".", "In", " this", " case", " emission", " is", " the", " mechanism", "\nthat", " enforces", " the", " correlation", ".", "The", " world", " teams", " with", " cor", "-", "\nrelated", " quantities", ".", "Relative", " information", " is", ",", " accordingly", ",", "\nnaturally", " ubiquitous", ".", "Precisely", " because", " it", " is", " purely", " physical", " and", " so", " ubiqui", "-", "\ntous", ",", " relative", " information", " is", " not", " sufficient", " to", " account", " for", "\nmeaning", ".", "‘Meaning’", " must", " be", " grounded", " on", " something", " else", ",", "\nfar", " more", " specific", ".", "III", ".", "SURVIVAL", " ADVANTAGE", " AND", " PURPOSE", "Life", " is", " a", " characteristic", " phenomenon", " we", " observe", " on", " the", "\nsurface", " of", " the", " Earth", ".", "It", " is", " largely", " formed", " by", " individual", "\norganisms", " that", " interact", " with", " their", " environment", " and", " em", "-", "\nbody", " mechanisms", " that", " keep", " themselves", " away", " from", " ther", "-", "\nmal", " equilibrium", " using", " available", " free", " energy", ".", "A", " dead", " or", "-", "\nganism", " decays", " rapidly", " to", " thermal", " equilibrium", ",", " while", " an", "\norganism", " which", " is", " alive", " does", " not", ".", "I", " take", " this", " –", "with", " quite", "\na", " degree", " of", " arbitrariness", "–", " as", " a", " characteristic", " feature", " of", "\norganisms", " that", " are", " alive", ".", "The", " key", " of", " Darwin’s", " discovery", " is", " that", " we", " can", " legiti", "-", "\nmately", " reverse", " the", " causal", " relation", " between", " the", " existence", "\nof", " the", " mechanism", " and", " its", " function", ".", "The", " fact", " that", " the", "\nmechanism", " exhibits", " a", " purpose", " —ultimately", " to", " maintain", "\nthe", " organism", " alive", " and", " reproduce", " it—", " can", " be", " simply", " un", "-", "\nderstood", " as", " an", " indirect", " consequence", ",", " not", " a", " cause", ",", " of", " its", "\nexistence", " and", " its", " structure" ]

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[ "of", " CMSC", " was", "\nmade", " based", " on", " these", " findings", ".", "Discussion", "In", " 1953", ",", " Selye", " first", " reported", " experimental", " induction", " of", "\ncysts", " with", " a", " hyperplastic", " synovial", "-", "like", " structure", " at", " the", "\nsite", " of", " artificial", " trauma", " in", " rats", ".", " 4", "Since", " then", ",", " cystic", " tumors", "\nwith", " similar", " histopathological", " characteristics", " have", " been", "\nreported", " as", " synovial", " cysts", ",", " mostly", " in", " the", " field", " of", " ortho", " -", "\npedics", ".", " 5", "These", " synovial", " cysts", " are", " likely", " triggered", " by", " ex", "-", "\nternal", " insults", ".", "Synovial", " cysts", " develop", " mainly", " in", " bones", " or", "\njoints", " after", " orthopedic", " surgery", ",", " whereas", " CMSCs", " occur", " in", "\nthe", " skin", ".", "Gonzalez", " et", " al", ".", " reported", " the", " first", " case", " as", " synovial", "\nmetaplasia", " of", " the", " skin", " in", " 1987", ".", " 1", "To", " the", " best", " of", " our", " knowl", "-", "\nedge", ",", " only", " 30", " CMSC", " cases", " (", "including", " our", " case", ")", " have", " been", "\nreported", " in", " the", " literature", " (", " Table", " 1", " )", ".", "Approximately", " 60", "%", "\nof", " these", " cases", " were", " described", " by", " dermatologists", ".", "Analy", "-", "\nsis", " of", " the", " cases", " described", " in", " these", " reports", " indicated", " that", "\nCMSC", " can", " develop", " at", " any", " age", ",", " with", " the", " mean", " age", " at", " di", "-", "\nagnosis", " being", " 41", ".", "5", " years", " (", "range", " 7", "–", " 82", " years", ")", ".", "No", " sex", " dif", "-", "\nferences", " were", " noted", ".", "The", " cystic", " masses", " ranged", " from", " 4", " to", "\n40", " mm", " in", " diameter", " and", " were", " sometimes", " painful", " (", " N", " =", " 12", ")", ".", "The", " most", " common", " locations", " were", " the", " limbs", " (", " N", " =", " 14", ")", ",", " es", "-", "\npecially", " in", " the", " palmoplantar", " region", " (", " N", " =", " 9", ")", ".", "Most", " CMSCs", "\nreported", " by", " dermatologists", " were", " located", " on", " the", " extremi", "-", "\nties", ",", " whereas", " those", " described", " by", " other", " specialists", " tended", "\nto", " be", " distributed", " more", " globally", ".", "Associated", " conditions", " in", "-", "\ncluded", " Ehlers", "-", "Danlos", " syndrome", ",", " 3", ",", "10", " rheumatoid", " arthritis", "\n(", "RA", ")", ",", " 11", ",", "13", " and", " basal", " cell", " carcinoma", " (", "BCC", ")", ".", " 8", "Characteristi", "-", "\ncally", ",", " 17", " cases", " of", " CMSC", " (", "59", "%", ")", " developed", " at", " the", " scar", " site", "\nof", " operations", " or", " trauma", ",", " and", " the", " time", " of", " evolution", " after", "\noperation", " or", " trauma", " was", " from", " a", " few", " weeks", " to", " years", " (", "range", "\n3", " weeks", " to", " 2", " years", ")", ";", " however", ",", " our", " patient", " did", " not", " have", "\nsuch", " a", " history", ".", "Preoperative", " diagnoses", " by", " dermatologists", "\nwere", " usually", " either", " epidermal", " cyst", " or", " suture", "/", "foreign", " body", "\ngranuloma", ".", "CMSC", " was", " sometimes", " diagnosed", " as", " a", " mu", "-", "\ncous", " cyst", " by", " oral", " and", " maxillofacial", " surgeons", ".", "Normal", " synovial", " tissue", " is", " usually", " crimped", " into", " folds", "\nand", " has", " two", " main", " layers", ".", "The", " outer", " layer", ",", " or", " subintima", ",", "\ncontains", " blood", " and", " lymphatic", " vessels", ".", "The", " inner", " layer", ",", " or", "\nintima", ",", " consists", " of", " a", " sheet", " of", " flat", " synovial", " cells", ".", "The", " lining", "\ncells", " of", " CMSC", " resemble", " hyperplastic", " synovial", " membrane", "\nwith", " partial", " hyalinization", ".", "The", " cyst", " wall", " has", " villous", "-", "like", "\nstructures", " pointing", " toward", " the", " cystic", " cavity", ".", "Synovial", "\ncell", "-", "like", " cells", " in", " CMSC", " morphologically", " resemble", " true", "\nsynovial", " cells", " and", " fibroblasts", ".", "These", " cells", " are", " difficult", " to", "\nbe", " distinguished", " by", " those", ",", " such", " as", " dermatologists", ",", " who", "\nare", " unfamiliar", " with", " synovial", " tissue", "." ]

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[ "the", " major", " risk", " factor", " in", " the", " studied", " population", ".", "This", " disease", " was", " also", " recorded", " in", " combination", " with", " oth", "-", "\ner", " diseases", " such", " as", " angina", ",", " coronary", " artery", " disease", ",", " di", "-", "\nlated", " cardiomyopathy", ",", " heart", " attack", ",", " diabetes", " mellitus", " and", "\nleft", " ventricular", " failure", " (", "Table", " 5", ")", ".", "Franklin", " and", " Wong", "\n(", "2013", ")", " discovered", " the", " relationship", " between", " hypertension", "\nand", " cardiovascular", " disease", ".", "They", " stated", " that", " hypertension", "\nis", " the", " main", " cause", " of", " cardiovascular", " disease", " and", " pro", "-", "\ngresses", " with", " age", ",", " and", " it", " could", " be", " the", " leading", " cause", " of", "\ndeath", " globally", ".", "Coronary", " artery", " disease", " (", "CAD", ")", " was", " ob", "-", "\nserved", " in", " 16", " (", "0", ".", "5", "%", ")", " males", " and", " 11", " (", "0", ".", "3", "%", ")", " females", ".", "Angina", " was", " noticed", " in", " nine", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", " in", " both", " genders", ".", "The", " combination", " of", " coronary", " artery", " disease", " (", "CAD", ")", " and", "\nHTN", " was", " frequent", " in", " eight", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", ".", "It", " was", " confirmed", "\nthat", " CAD", " was", " more", " prevalent", " in", " patients", " with", " HTN", ".", "A", "\nstudy", " from", " Iran", " showed", " a", " 37", "%", " prevalence", " of", " HTN", "\namong", " CAD", " patients", " (", "Foroughi", " et", " al", ".", ",", " 2014", ")", ".", "Aortic", "\nscleroma", " was", " noted", " in", " seven", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", ".", "The", " combination", "\nof", " IHD", " and", " diabetes", " mellitus", " (", "DM", ")", " in", " coronary", " artery", "\ndisease", " was", " found", " in", " three", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", " males", ".", "About", " 59", "\n(", "0", ".", "9", "%", ")", " of", " patients", " were", " identified", " with", " heart", " attack", " +", "\ndiabetes", " mellitus", ".", "In", " southern", " Pakistan", ",", " HTN", " was", " prev", "-", "\nalent", ",", " occurring", " in", " 74", ".", "55", "%", " of", " the", " IHD", " patients", " (", "Hussain", "\net", " al", ".", " 2014", ")", ".", "Dilated", " cardiomyopathy", " (", "DCMP", ")", " was", " found", "\nin", " six", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", " patients", ".", "Previously", ",", " the", " prevalence", " of", "\nDCMP", " in", " Peshawar", " was", " 10", ".", "10", "%", " (", "Khan", " et", " al", ".", ",", " 2009", ")", ".", "Of", " the", " total", " subjects", ",", " five", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", " individuals", " exhibited", "\nsymptoms", " of", " aortic", " valve", " stenosis", " in", " this", " study", ".", "Left", "\nventricular", " failure", " (", "LVF", ")", " with", " HTN", " and", " diabetes", "\nmellitus", " was", " found", " in", " two", " (", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", " individuals", ".", "LVF", "\nwas", " diagnosed", " in", " 24", " of", " 141", " patients", " at", " Lady", " Reading", "\nHospital", ",", " Peshawar", ",", " in", " a", " study", " by", " Gul", " et", " al", ".", " (", "2014", ")", ";", " four", "\n(", "0", ".", "1", "%", ")", " developed", " atrial", " fibrillation", " (", "AF", ")", ".", "The", " frequency", "\nof", " AF", " in", " Karachi", " was", " documented", " as", " 245", " cases", " out", " of", "\n3766", " (", "Haq", " and", " Lip", " 2009", ")", ".", "AF", " was", " also", " observed", " in", " 63", "\npatients", " out", " of", " 141", " in", " Peshawar", " (", "Gul", " et", " al", ".", " 2014", ")", ".", "About", "\n125", " people", " out", " of", " 2000", " were", " also", " documented", " with", " IHD", "\nin", " Islamabad", " (", "Abbas", " et", " al", ".", " 2009", ")", ".", "Table", " 1", "Gender", "-", "based", " distribution", " ofoccupations", " among", " CVD", " patients", "Job", " status", "Male", " frequency", " (", "%", ")", "Female", " frequency", " (", "%", ")", "Housewife", "Pensioner" ]

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[ "on", " Management", " Finance", " Economics", "July", " 11", "-", "12", ",", " 2015", ",", " ISBN", ":", "9788193137307", "II", ".", " LITERATURE", " REVIEW", "A", ".", " Inventory", " Management", "Inventory", " has", " been", " defined", " in", " many", " ways", ".", "Chase", ",", "\nJacobs", ",", " and", " Aquilano", " [", "1", "]", " defined", " inventory", " as", " the", "\nstock", " of", " any", " item", " or", " resource", " used", " in", " organization", ".", "“Inventory”", " includes", " a", " company’s", " raw", " materials", ",", "\nwork", " in", " process", ",", " supplies", " used", " in", " operations", ",", " and", "\nfinished", " goods", " [", "4", "]", ".", "Inventory", " management", " is", " a", " set", " of", "\nthe", " policies", " and", " controls", " that", " monitor", " levels", " of", "\ninventory", " and", " determine", " what", " levels", " should", " be", "\nmaintained", ",", " when", " stock", " should", " be", " replenished", ",", " and", "\nhow", " large", " orders", " should", " be", " [", "1", "]", ".", "The", " objective", " of", " inventory", " management", " is", " to", " strike", " a", "\nbalance", " between", " inventory", " investment", " and", " customer", "\nservice", " [", "3", "]", ".", "Meanwhile", ",", " Chase", ",", " Jacobs", ",", " and", " Aquilano", "\n[", "1", "]", " stated", " that", " the", " basic", " purpose", " of", " inventory", " analysis", "\nin", " manufacturing", " and", " stock", " keeping", " services", " is", " to", "\nspecify", " when", " item", " should", " be", " ordered", " and", " how", " large", "\nthe", " order", " should", " be", ".", "There", " are", " some", " important", " reasons", "\nfor", " obtaining", " and", " holding", " inventory", " which", " are", "\npredictability", ",", " fluctuations", " in", " demand", ",", " unreliability", " of", "\nsupply", ",", " price", " protection", ",", " quantity", " discounts", ",", " and", " lower", "\nordering", " cost", " [", "4", "]", ".", "The", " four", " major", " functions", " of", " inventory", " management", "\nare", " to", " “decouple”", " or", " separate", " various", " parts", " of", " the", "\nproduction", " process", ",", " to", " decouple", " the", " firm", " from", "\nfluctuations", " in", " demand", " and", " provide", " a", " stock", " of", " goods", "\nthat", " will", " provide", " a", " selection", " for", " customers", ",", " to", " take", "\nadvantage", " of", " quantity", " discounts", ",", " to", " hedge", " against", "\ninflation", " and", " upward", " price", " changes", " [", "3", "]", ".", "B", ".", " ABC", " Analysis", "ABC", " analysis", " is", " a", " method", " of", " managing", " inventory", "\nwhich", "\ndivides", "\non", "-", "hand", "\ninventory", "\ninto", "\nthree", "\nclassifications", " based", " on", " annual", " dollar", " volume", ".", "The", "\ncategories", " determine", " the", " importance", " of", " items", " and", " the", "\ncontrol", " level", ".", "The", " three", " classes", " of", " ABC", " analysis", " are", "\nClass", " A", ",", " Class", " B", ",", " and", " Class", " C", ".", "Class", " A", " is", " products", "\nthat", " has", " high", " annual", " dollar", " volume", ".", "The", " total", " products", "\nof", " Class", " A", " is", " only", " about", " 15", "%", " of", " the", " total", " inventory", "\nitems", ",", " however", " the", " Class", " A", " represents", " 70", "%", " to", " 80", "%", " of", "\nthe", " total", " dollar", " usage", ".", "Class", " B", " has", " medium", " annual", "\ndollar", " volume", ",", " the", " items", " of", " Class", " B", " represents", " about", "\n30", "%", " of", " inventory", " items", " and", " 15", "%", " to", " 25", "%", " of", " the", " total", "\nvalue", ".", "And", " Class", " C", " is", " the", " class", " that", " has", " the", " lowest", "\nannual", " dollar", " volume", ".", "The", " items", " of", " this", " class", "\nrepresents", " only", " 5", "%", " of", " the", " annual", " dollar", " volume", " but", "\nthe", " total", " items", " in", " Class", " C", " is", " about", " 55", "%", " of", " the", " total", "\ninventory", ".", "The", " policies", " based", " on", " ABC", " Analysis", " are", " Class", " A", "\nshould", " have", " tighter", " inventory", " controls", " rather", " than", "\nClass", " B", " and", " Class", " C", ",", " forecasting", " Class", " A", " items", " may", "\nwarrant", " more", " care", " than", " forecasting", " other", " items", ",", " and", "\npurchasing", "\nresources", "\nexpended", "\non", "\nsupplier", "\ndevelopment", " should", " be", " much", " higher", " for", " individual", " A", "\nitems", " than", " for" ]

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[ "be", "\navoided", " to", " reduce", " catheter", "-", "related", " complications", ".", "KEY", " WORDS", "\nCatheter", ",", " significant", " bacteriuria", ",", " nosocomial", " infection", ",", "\nurinary", " tract", " infection", "\n©", "2017", " Nepalese", " Association", " for", " Clinical", " Chemistry", "This", " work", " is", " licensed", " under", " a", " Creative", " Commons", "\nAttribution", "-", "Share", " Alike", " 4", ".", "0", " International", " License", ".", "DOI", ":", " http", ":", "/", "/", "dx", ".", "doi", ".", "org", "/", "10", ".", "3126", "/", "acclm", ".", "v3i2", ".", "19675", "How", " to", " cite", " this", " Article", ":", "Catheter", "\nAssociated", "\nUrinary", "\nTract", "\nInfection", ":", "\nPrevalence", ",", " Microbiological", " Profile", " and", " Antibiogram", "\nat", " a", " Tertiary", " Care", " Hospital", ".", "Karkee", " P", ".", " Dhital", " D", ".", "\nMadhup", " SK", ".", " Sherchan", " JB", ".", " Ann", ".", " Clin", ".", " Chem", ".", " Lab", ".", " Med", ".", "\n2017", ":", "3", "(", "2", ")", ";", "3", "-", "10", "4", "\nOriginal", " Article", " ACCLM", " 2017", ";", "3", "(", "2", ")", ":", "3", "-", "10", "INTRODUCTION", "Urinary", " Tract", " Infection", " (", "UTI", ")", " is", " the", " invasion", " of", "\ntissues", "\nby", "\nmicroorganisms", ",", "\ninducing", "\nan", "\ninflammatory", " response", " as", " well", " as", " signs", " and", "\nsymptoms", " 1", " .", "Significant", " bacteriuria", " is", " defined", "\nas", " a", " urine", " sample", " containing", " more", " than", " 10", " 5", "\ncolony", " forming", " units", "/", "ml", " of", " urine", " (", "10", " 8", " /", "l", ")", " in", " pure", "\nculture", "\nusing", "\na", "\nstandard", "\ncalibrated", "\nbacteriological", " loop", ".", " 2", "UTI", " is", " said", " nosocomial", "\nwhen", " it", " is", " acquired", " in", " any", " healthcare", " institution", "\nor", " in", " a", " more", " general", " fashion", ",", " when", " it", " is", " related", "\nto", " patient", " management", ".", " 3", "Nosocomial", " urinary", "\ntract", " infections", " (", "NUTI", ")", " remain", " a", " significant", "\ncontributor", "\nto", "\nthe", "\nover", "-", "all", "\nprevalence", "\nor", "\nincidence", " of", " nosocomial", " infections", ".", " 4", "-", "7", "Amongst", "\nNUTIs", "\napproximately", "\n75", "%", "\nto", "\n80", "%", "\nare", "\nassociated", " with", " urinary", " catheter", " 3", ",", " 5", "-", "7", " since15", "%", "\nand", " 25", "%", " of", " hospitalized", " patients", " may", " receive", "\nshort", "-", "term", " indwelling", " urinary", " catheters", ".", " 8", ",", " 9", "In", "\nmany", "\ncases", ",", "\ncatheters", "\nare", "\nplaced", "\nfor", "\ninappropriate", " indications", ",", " and", " alarming", " fact", " is", "\nthat", " healthcare", " personnels", " are", " often", " unaware", "\nthat", " their", " patients", " have", " catheters", ",", " leading", " to", "\nprolonged", ",", " unnecessary", " hospital", " stay", " which", "\ncause", "\nhuge", "\nextra", "\ncosts", ".", " 7", "-", "13", "The", "\nrisk", "\nof", "\nhospitalization", ",", " length", " of", " hospitalization", ",", " and", "\nantibiotic", " therapy", " are", " three", " times", " higher", " in", "\ncatheterized", " residents", " than", " other", " residents", ".", " 14", "Further", "\nall", "\niatrogenic", "\nillness", "\ncontributes", "\nsignificantly", " to", " morbidity", " and", " mortality", " in", " the", "\nhospitalized", " patients", ".", " 13", "Although", "\nusually", "\nbenign", ",", "\na", "\nsystemic", "\ncomplication", "\nwhich", "\nis", "\ngram", "-", "negative", "\nbacteraemia", " can", " develop", " in", " many", " patients", ",", " 3", ",", "7", ",", "8", "\nalthough", ",", " the", " origin", " of", " nosocomial", " bacteria", " is", "\nendogenous", " in", " two", " thirds", " of", " the", " cases", ".", " 1", ",", "8", "Indwelling", " catheter", " offers", " a", " conduit", " to", " bacterial", "\nentry", " along", " its", " external", "\nand", " internal", " surface", "\nand", " provide", " a", " surface", " on", " which", " bacteria", " can", "\nmultiply", " at", " least", " partially", " shielded", " from", " the", "\nhumoral", "\nand", "\ncellular", "\nmechanisms", " 8", ",", "15", "\nand", "\nencrustation", " formed", " on", " the", " inner", " surface", " may", "\nprotect", " bacteria", " from", " antimicrobial", " agents", " as", "\nwell", ".", " 3", ",", " 7", "The", " etiological", " agents", " of", " Catheter", " associated", "\nurinary", " tract", " infection", " (", "CAUTI", ")", " are", " sundry", " and", "\ncomprises", " a", " huge", " reservoir", " often", " multidrug", "\nresistant", " pathogens", ".", " 16" ]

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[ "the", " closeness", " of", " these", " two", " distributions", " can", " be", " seen", " as", " follows", ":", "Po", " (", " 50", " /", " 9", " )", " NB", " (", " 50", ",", "0", ".", "9", " )", "Figure", " 1", ":", " n", " =", " 10", " ,", " q", " =", " 0", " .", " 1", "Po", " (", " 50", " /", " 3", " )", " NB", " (", " 150", ",", "0", ".", "9", " )", "Figure", " 2", ":", " n", " =", " 30", " ,", " q", " =", " 0", " .", " 1", "Po", " (", " 250", " /", " 9", " )", " NB", " (", " 250", ",", "0", ".", "9", " )", "Figure", " 3", ":", " n", " =", " 50", " ,", " q", " =", " 0", " .", " 1", "Po", " (", " 25", " /", " 2", " )", " NB", " (", " 50", ",", "0", ".", "8", " )", "Figure", " 4", ":", " n", " =", " 10", " ,", " q", " =", " 0", " .", " 2", "Po", " (", " 75", " /", " 2", " )", " NB", " (", " 150", ",", "0", ".", "8", " )", "Figure", " 5", ":", " n", " =", " 30", " ,", " q", " =", " 0", " .", " 2", "Po", " (", " 125", " /", " 2", " )", " NB", " (", " 250", ",", "0", ".", "8", " )", "Figure", " 6", ":", " n", " =", " 50", " ,", " q", " =", " 0", " .", " 2", "The", " above", " graphs", " are", " obtained", " by", " using", " the", " moment", " matching", " conditions", ".", "Also", ",", " from", "\nthe", " numerical", " table", " and", " graphs", ",", " observe", " that", " the", " distributions", " are", " closer", " for", " sufficiently", "\nsmall", " values", " of", " q", " and", " large", " values", " of", " n", " ,", " as", " expected", ".", "d", ")", " From", " Theorem", " 1", " of", " Hung", " and", " Giang", " (", "2016", ")", ",", " it", " is", " given", " that", ",", " for", " A", " ⊂", " Z", " +", " ,", "\nsup", "\nA", "\n(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)", " P", " (", " W", " n", " ∈", " A", " )", " −", " (cid:88)", "\nk", " ∈", " A", "\nλ", " kn", " e", " −", " λ", " n", "\nk", " !", "\n(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)", "\n≤", "\nn", " (cid:88)", "\ni", " =", "1", "\nmin", " (cid:110)", " λ", " −", " 1", " n", " (", "1", " −", " e", " −", " λ", " n", " )", " r", " n", ",", "i", " (", "1", " −", " p", " n", ",", "i", " )", " ,", " 1", " −", " p", " n", ",", "i", " (cid:111)", " (", "1", " −", " p", " n", ",", "i", " )", " p", " −", " 1", " n", ",", "i", " ,", "\n(", "20", ")", "\nwhere", " W", " n", " =", " (cid:80)", " ni", " =", "1", " X", " n", ",", "i", " ,", " X", " n", ",", "i", " ∼", " NB", " (", " r", " n", ",", "i", " ,", " p", " n", ",", "i", " )", " with", " λ", " n", " =", " E", " (", " W", " n", " )", " .", "Note", " that", " if", "\nmin", " (cid:8)", " λ", " −", " 1", " n", " (", "1", " −", " e", " −", " λ", " n", " )", " r", " n", ",", "i", " (", "1" ]

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[ "An", " interesting", " consequence", " of", " this", " property", " is", " that", " as", "\nthe", " temperature", " is", " increased", " well", " beyond", " the", " LCST", ",", " the", "\nparticles", " aggregate", " and", " assemble", " into", " a", " gel", " phase", " [", "14", ",", "15", "]", ".", "The", " PNIPAM", " particles", " in", " dense", " aqueous", " suspensions", " can", "\ntherefore", " undergo", " a", " reversible", " phase", " transition", " from", " a", "\nglassy", " to", " a", " gel", "-", "like", " state", " while", " passing", " through", " an", " inter", "-", "\nmediate", " liquid", "-", "like", " state", ".", "The", " thermoresponsive", " and", " rheological", " behaviours", " of", "\nPNIPAM", " colloidal", " particles", " have", " been", " widely", " investigated", "\nby", " varying", " the", " stiffness", " of", " the", " PNIPAM", " particles", " [", "15", "–", "17", "]", ".", "This", " has", " been", " achieved", " experimentally", " by", " varying", " the", "\nconcentration", " of", " the", " crosslinker", " N", ",", "N", " 0", " -", "methylenebisacry", "-", "\nlamide", " (", "MBA", ")", " during", " the", " synthesis", " process", " [", "18", ",", "19", "]", ".", "It", " has", "\nbeen", " reported", " that", " stiff", " PNIPAM", " particles", " in", " dense", " aqueous", "\nsuspensions", " exhibit", " a", " phase", " transition", " from", " a", " liquid", " to", " a", "\n1", "Bull", ".", " Mater", ".", " Sci", ".", " (", "2020", ")", " 43", ":", "182", "\n(cid:3)", " Indian", " Academy", " of", " Sciences", " https", ":", "/", "/", "doi", ".", "org", "/", "10", ".", "1007", "/", "s12034", "-", "020", "-", "02157", "-", "9", " Sadhana", " (", "0123456789", "(", ")", ".", ",", "-", "volV", ")", "FT3", "]", "(", "0123456789", "(", ")", ".", ",", "-", "volV", ")", "glassy", " state", " while", " passing", " through", " an", " intermediate", " crys", "-", "\ntalline", " phase", " with", " increase", " in", " the", " particle", " volume", " fraction", ".", "Particles", " with", " intermediate", " stiffnesses", ",", " in", " contrast", ",", " trans", "-", "\nform", " to", " a", " glassy", " state", " from", " a", " liquid", " state", " directly", " without", "\npassing", " through", " a", " crystalline", " phase", " [", "16", "]", ".", "Soft", " PNIPAM", "\nparticles", " suspended", " in", " water", ",", " however", ",", " remain", " in", " a", " liquid", "\nphase", " for", " the", " entire", " range", " of", " volume", " fractions", " explored", " in", "\nthese", " experiments", ".", "The", " stiffness", " of", " the", " PNIPAM", " particles", "\nsignificantly", " affects", " the", " mechanical", " behaviour", " of", " these", "\nparticles", " in", " dense", " aqueous", " suspensions", ".", "It", " was", " observed", " that", "\nthe", " plateau", " of", " the", " elastic", " modulus", " of", " dense", " aqueous", " PNI", "-", "\nPAM", " suspensions", " becomes", " weaker", " when", " the", " stiffness", " of", " the", "\nparticles", " is", " decreased", " [", "19", "]", ".", "This", " is", " because", " a", " higher", "\ncrosslinking", " density", " leads", " to", " a", " higher", " interparticle", " force", ".", "Another", " way", " of", " changing", " the", " particle", " stiffness", " is", " by", " varying", "\nthe", " surfactant", ",", " sodium", " dodecyl", " sulphate", " (", "SDS", ")", ",", " concentra", "-", "\ntion", " during", " the", " synthesis", " process", " [", "18", ",", "20", "]", ".", "It", " was", " reported", "\nthat", " an", " increase", " in", " SDS", " concentration", " leads", " to", " decrease", " in", "\nstiffness", " and", " size", " of", " the", " PNIPAM", " particles", " in", " aqueous", "\nsuspensions", " [", "20", "]", ".", "SDS", " adsorbs", " on", " the", " surface", " of", " the", " primary", "\nparticles", " during", " the", " nucleation", " process", ".", "This", " increases", " the", "\ncolloidal", " stability", " of", " the", " particles", " and", " decreases", " the", " size", " of", "\nthe", " particles", ".", "In", " this", " study", ",", " we", " have", " reported", " the", " influence", " of", " particle", "\nsize", " on", " the", " thermoresponsive", " and", " rheological", " properties", " of", "\nPNIPAM", " particles", " in", " aqueous", " suspensions", ".", "The", " rheology", " of", "\njammed", " suspensions", " of", " these", " particles", " is", " interesting", " because", "\nof", " our", " ability", " to", " control", " the", " particle", " stiffnesses", ",", " which", " in", "\nturn", ",", " alters", " the", " packing", " properties", " of", " their", " dense", " suspen", "-", "\nsions", ".", "No", " studies", " in", " the" ]

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[ "Thoracic", " Surgery", ",", " Mayo", " Clinic", ",", " 200", " First", " Street", " SW", ",", " Rochester", "Minnesota", "-", "55902", "CASE", " REPORT", "CLINICAL", " SCENARIO", "A", " 51", " year", "-", "old", "-", "female", " was", " incidentally", " found", " to", " have", " a", " mediastinal", "\nmass", " on", " a", " routine", " chest", " radiograph", " in", " February", ",", " 2006", " (", "Fig", ".", " 1", ")", ".", "Subsequent", " computerized", " chest", " tomography", " (", "CT", ")", " demonstrated", "\na", " 6", ".", "3", " ×", " 4", ".", "8", " cm", ",", " irregular", " and", " enhancing", " right", " suprahilar", " mass", "\ndisplacing", " the", " trachea", " to", " the", " left", " and", " extending", " inferiorly", " to", " the", "\ncarina", ".", "A", " transthoracic", " needle", " biopsy", " was", " performed", " showing", "\nthyroid", " follicles", " with", " colloid", " consistent", " with", " a", " mediastinal", " goiter", ".", "As", " she", " was", " asymptomatic", ",", " the", " patient", " opted", " for", " continued", "\nsurveillance", ".", "Of", " note", ",", " the", " patient", " had", " previously", " undergone", " a", "\nleft", " thyroid", " lobectomy", " for", " a", " benign", " goiter", " in", " 1987", ".", "In", " May", ",", " 2009", " a", " repeat", " chest", " CT", " scan", " showed", " the", " mediastinal", "\nmass", " to", " have", " increased", " in", " size", " to", " 8", ".", "0", " ×", " 6", ".", "5", " cm", ".", "The", " mass", " was", "\ndiscontinuous", " with", " the", " residual", " right", " lobe", " of", " the", " thyroid", " (", "Figs", "\n2A", " and", " B", ")", ".", "Other", " than", " occasional", " dysphagia", ",", " the", " patient", "\nremained", " otherwise", " asymptomatic", ".", "Surgical", " resection", " of", " the", " mass", " was", " performed", " via", " a", " limited", "\nmuscle", " sparing", " right", " thoracotomy", ".", "The", " mass", " was", " resected", " intact", "\nfrom", " the", " middle", " mediastinum", " where", " it", " was", " not", " invading", " but", "\nclosely", " juxtaposed", " to", " the", " superior", " vena", " cava", " anteriorly", ",", " azygous", "\nvein", " inferiorly", ",", " and", " trachea", " medially", " (", "Figs", " 3A", " and", " B", ")", ".", "The", " blood", "\nsupply", " was", " from", " segmental", " arterial", " branches", " of", " the", " ascending", "\naorta", ".", "Final", " pathologic", " evaluation", " confirmed", " a", " benign", " ectopic", "\nthyroid", " mass", " weighing", " 179", " grams", " (", "Figs", " 4A", " and", " B", ")", ".", "The", " patient", "\nwas", " discharged", " home", " on", " the", " third", " postoperative", " day", ".", "Her", "\ndysphagia", " has", " improved", " and", " her", " recovery", " has", " been", " uneventful", ".", "DISCUSSION", "The", " differential", " diagnosis", " for", " a", " middle", " mediastinal", " mass", " can", " be", "\nbroadly", " divided", " in", " malignant", " and", " nonmalignant", " lesions", ".", "Malignant", " masses", " include", " lymphoma", ",", " lymphatic", " metastases", ",", "\nFig", ".", " 1", ":", " Initial", " screening", " chest", " X", "-", "ray", " shows", " a", " right", "-", "sided", "\nmediastinal", " mass", "Abstract", "The", " differential", " diagnosis", " of", " a", " middle", " mediastinal", " mass", " is", " fairly", " broad", ".", "Though", " relatively", " rare", ",", " the", " diagnosis", " of", " primary", " intrathoracic", " goiter", "\nis", " a", " clinically", " important", " consideration", " that", " should", " not", " be", " overlooked", ".", "The", " nature", " of", " this", " clinical", " entity", " and", " its", " diagnostic", " implications", " are", "\ndiscussed", ".", "Relevant", " radiographic", " imaging", " is", " evaluated", " demonstrating", " the", " key", " findings", ".", "Indications", " for", " intervening", " and", " treatment", " options", "\nare", " reviewed", ".", "Specifically", ",", " the", " presence", " of", " a", " growing", " substernal", " goiter", " in", " an", " otherwise", " fit", " patient", " is", " generally", " an", " indication", " for", " surgical", "\nresection", ".", "The", " nature", " of", " a", " primary", " intrathoracic", " goiter", " usually", " obviates", " the", " more", " common", " transcervical", " approach", " since", " by", " definition", " the", "\nmediastinal", " goiter", " is", " discontinuous", " with", " the", " cervical", " thyroid", " gland", ".", "Other", " transthoracic", " approaches", " are", " therefore", " necessary", ".", "Keywords", ":", " Goiter", ",", " intrathoracic", ",", " substernal", ",", " mediastinum", ",", " thyroid", ",", " mass", ".", "and", " tracheal", " tumors", ".", "Nonmalignant", " masses", " can", " be", " further", "\ncategorized", " as", " infectious", " (", "lymphadenopathy", " due", " to", " tuberculosis", "\nor", " fungal", " infections" ]

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"I-SENTENCE" ]

[ "On", " follow", "-", "up", " after", " 1", " year", ",", " the", " calf", " hypertrophy", " persisted", " but", "\nwas", " less", " tense", ".", "The", " patient", " had", " calf", " tension", " discomfort", " on", " pro", "-", "\nlonged", " walking", ".", "Discussion", "The", " differential", " diagnosis", " of", " the", " unilateral", " calf", " enlargement", "\nincludes", " inflammatory", ",", " infective", ",", " vascular", " (", "lymphedema", ",", " venous", "\nthrombosis", ",", " and", " hemorrhage", ")", ",", " and", " neoplastic", " conditions", " [", "4", "]", ".", "Congenital", " causes", " of", " unilateral", " calf", " enlargement", " include", " hemi", "-", "\nhypertrophy", " syndromes", ",", " including", " as", " Klippel", "-", "Trenaunay", "\nsyndrome", ",", " Proteus", " syndrome", ",", " macrodystrophia", " lipomatosa", ",", "\nand", " dystrophic", " muscle", " conditions", " such", " as", " Duchenne", " muscu", "-", "\nlar", " dystrophy", " [", "4", "]", ".", "These", " conditions", " should", " start", " at", " a", " young", "\nage", ".", "Denervation", " pseudohypertrophy", " of", " the", " calf", " muscles", " is", " a", "\nrare", " cause", " of", " unilateral", " calf", " enlargement", " and", " is", " usually", "\noverlooked", ".", "Denervation", " pseudohypertrophy", " is", " characterized", " by", " muscle", "\nenlargement", " due", " to", " prominent", " accumulation", " and", " intersper", "-", "\nsion", " of", " fat", " in", " between", " muscle", " fibers", ",", " instead", " of", " hypertrophy", "\nof", " muscle", " fibers", ".", "It", " is", " the", " result", " of", " partial", " denervation", " of", " muscle", "\nand", " may", " be", " associated", " with", " various", " causes", " of", " muscle", " dener", "-", "\nvation", ".", "These", " include", " intraspinal", " neurinoma", ",", " anterior", " horn", " cell", "\ndiseases", " (", "such", " as", " poliomyelitis", " and", " spinal", " muscular", " atrophy", ")", ",", "\nspina", " bifida", ",", " radiculopathy", " (", "especially", " those", " at", " S1", " level", " related", "\nto", " disc", " herniation", ")", ",", " or", " peripheral", " nerve", " disease", " or", " injury", " [", "3", ",", "5", ",", "6", "]", ".", "In", " a", " series", " of", " 5", " cases", " by", " Pantazis", " et", " al", ".", " [", "6", "]", ",", " 2", " patients", " had", " remote", "\ntrauma", ",", " 2", " had", " chronic", " radiculopathy", ",", " and", " 1", " had", " a", " history", " of", "\npoliomyelitis", ".", "Pseudohypertrophy", " is", " also", " a", " well", "-", "recognized", " phe", "-", "\nnomenon", " in", " patients", " with", " Duchenne", " and", " other", " muscular", "\ndystrophies", " [", "3", "]", ".", "Lee", " et", " al", ".", " [", "7", "]", " described", " the", " association", " of", " de", "-", "\nnervation", " pseudohypertrophy", " of", " calf", " muscles", " with", " diabetic", "\nneuropathy", ".", "The", " pathophysiology", " of", " the", " fatty", " infiltration", " of", " de", "-", "\nnervation", " pseudohypertrophy", " has", " been", " reported", " [", "4", "]", ".", "The", "\ndenervation", " led", " to", " a", " reduction", " in", " muscle", " fiber", " size", ",", " resulting", "\nin", " the", " reduction", " of", " muscular", " tension", " and", " relative", " inactivity", ".", "The", " pluripotent", " mesodermal", " cells", " are", " stimulated", " to", " form", "\nlipocytes", ",", " leading", " to", " fatty", " infiltration", ".", "Clinically", ",", " denervation", " pseudohypertrophy", " may", " present", " as", " a", "\npainless", " palpable", " swelling", " or", " mass", " of", " the", " muscle", " involved", ".", "There", "\nmay", " be", " a", " clinical", " history", " of", " neurologic", " disease", ".", "Previous", " case", "\nreports", " [", "3", ",", "5", ",", "6", ",", "8", "]", " described", " the", " involvement", " of", " calf", " muscles", ",", " such", "\nas", " the", " gastrocnemius", ",", " soleus", ",", " flexor", " hallucis", " longus", ",", " and", " pero", "-", "\nneal", " muscles", ",", " in", " denervation", " pseudohypertrophy", ".", "Involvement", "\nof", " the", " gluteal", " muscles", ",", "namely", " the", " tensor", " fasciae", " latae", " and", " gluteus", "\nmedius", " [", "3", "]", ",", " infraspinatus", " muscle", " [", "9", "]", ",", " masticatory", " muscles", " [", "10", "]", ",", "\nand", " tongue", " muscles", " [", "11", "]", ",", " has", " also", " been", " reported", ".", "Fig", ".", " 2", " –", " MRI", " of", " right", " leg", ".", " (", "a", ")", " Coronal", " proton", " density", " (", "PD", ")", "-", "weighted", " image", " of", " both", " leg", " (", "TR", " =" ]

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[ "argued", " that", " his", " report", " \"", "shows", " that", " the", " performance", " of", " students", " on", "\nacademic", " tests", " improves", " when", " public", " schools", " are", " faced", " with", " the", " prospect", " that", " their", "\nstudents", " will", " receive", " vouchers", "\"", " (", "p", ".", " 2", ")", ".", "At", " the", " center", " of", " his", " argument", " is", " the", " fact", " that", " all", " 78", "\nschools", " that", " received", " an", " \"", "F", "\"", " in", " 1999", " received", " a", " higher", " grade", " in", " 2000", ".", "His", " claim", " that", " the", "\nthreat", " of", " vouchers", " was", " responsible", " for", " the", " improvement", " of", " \"", "F", "\"", " schools", " (", "from", " the", "\n1998", "-", "1999", " to", " the", " 1999", "-", "2000", " school", " year", ")", " includes", " several", " important", " elements", ".", "First", ",", " an", "\nattempt", " was", " made", " to", " show", " the", " validity", " of", " the", " FCAT", " by", " showing", " a", " strong", " correlation", " to", "\nanother", " test", " (", "Stanford", "-", "9", ")", " given", " in", " Florida", " in", " 2000", ".", "Given", " this", " evidence", ",", " he", " then", "3", " of", " 17", "\nproceeded", " to", " show", " the", " average", " gains", " for", " each", " school", " receiving", " a", " particular", " grade", ".", "Based", "\non", " the", " latter", " results", ",", " it", " was", " concluded", " that", ":", "\nThe", " most", " obvious", " explanation", " for", " these", " findings", " is", " that", " an", " accountability", "\nsystem", " with", " vouchers", " as", " the", " sanction", " for", " repeated", " failure", " really", " motivates", "\nschools", " to", " improve", ".", " (", "p", ".", " 9", ")", "However", ",", " Greene", " also", " wrote", ":", "\nWhile", " the", " evidence", " presented", " in", " the", " report", " supports", " the", " claims", " of", " advocates", "\nof", " an", " accountability", " system", " and", " advocates", " of", " choice", " and", " competition", " in", "\neducation", ",", " the", " results", " cannot", " be", " considered", " definitive", ".", " (", "p", ".", " 9", ")", "The", " A", "-", "Plus", " accountability", " system", " was", " duly", " noted", " as", " being", " relatively", " new", ",", " with", " the", "\nvoucher", " options", " used", " in", " only", " two", " schools", " in", " the", " state", ",", " and", " possible—though", " not", "\nlikely—manipulation", " of", " FCAT", " scores", ".", "It", " is", " an", " additional", " alternative", " that", " Greene", "\nmentions", ",", " commonly", " known", " as", " regression", " to", " the", " mean", " ,", " that", " is", " one", " main", " concern", " of", " this", "\nreport", ".", "This", " paper", " also", " examines", " three", " other", " issues", ":", " (", "1", ")", " sample", " selection", ",", " (", "2", ")", " the", "\ncombining", " of", " gain", " scores", " across", " grade", " levels", ",", " and", " (", "3", ")", " the", " use", " of", " the", " school", " as", " the", " unit", " of", "\nanalysis", ".", "Below", ",", " we", " subsume", " the", " latter", " two", " items", " under", " the", " category", " of", " \"", "aggregation", ".", "\"", "The", " potential", " policy", " importance", " of", " the", " findings", " Greene", " reports", " places", " a", " heavy", "\nburden", " on", " his", " study", " to", " demonstrate", " that", " the", " improved", " scores", " in", " schools", " that", " had", "\npreviously", " received", " one", " \"", "F", "\"", " are", " in", " fact", " meaningful", " improvements", " and", " a", " result", " of", " school", "\nchanges", " linked", " to", " the", " threat", " of", " vouchers", ".", "We", " argue", " here", " that", " the", " evidence", " does", " not", "\nsupport", " this", " conclusion", ".", "We", " show", " that", " there", " may", " have", " been", " some", " small", " achievement", "\ngains", " in", " Florida", " from", " 1999", "-", "2000", ",", " but", " these", " effects", " were", " vastly", " overestimated", " in", " Greene", "'", "s", "\nanalysis", ".", "However", ",", " even", " if", " these", " modest", " outcomes", " withstand", " further", " investigation", ",", " it", " is", "\nnot", " at", " all", " clear", " that", " they", " resulted", " from", " the", " threat", " of", " vouchers", " as", " opposed", " to", " other", " aspects", "\nof", " the", " accountability", " program", ".", "Background", "\nSeveral", " recent", " reforms", " have", " similar", " components", " to", " the", " Florida", " effort", ".", " It", " is", " not" ]

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[ "Microbiology", ",", " Kandasamy", "\nKandar’s", " College", ",", " Velur", ".", "Abstract", "\nThe", " antibacterial", " activity", " of", " the", "\nmethanol", ",", " chloroform", " and", " aqueous", "\nextracts", " from", " the", " leaves", ",", " bark", " and", " fruit", "\nof", " A", ".", " marmelos", " was", " studied", " using", " disc", "\ndiffusion", " method", " against", " Bacillus", "\nsubtilis", " ,", " Staphylococcus", " aureus", " (", "Gram", "\nPositive", ")", ",", " Klebsiella", " pneumoniae", ",", " Proteus", "\nmirabilis", " ,", " Escherichia", " coli", " ,", " Salmonella", "\nparatyphi", " A", " and", " Salmonella", " paratyphi", "\nB", " (", "Gram", " Negative", ")", ".", "Results", " suggest", "\nthat", " the", " methanolic", " extract", " has", "\nsignificant", " antibacterial", " activity", "\nagainst", " tested", " bacteria", ".", "The", " present", "\nstudy", " justifies", " the", " claimed", " uses", " of", " A", ".", "\nmarmelos", " in", " the", " traditional", " system", " of", "\nmedicine", " to", " treat", " various", " infectious", "\ndiseases", ".", "Key", " Words", " :", " Antibacterial", " activity", ",", "\nA", ".", "marmelos", " ,", "\nInhibition", "\nzones", ",", "\nInfectious", " diseases", "Antibacterial", " activity", " of", " Aegle", " marmelos", " a", " gainst", " leaf", ",", "\nbark", " and", " fruit", " extracts", "Introduction", "\nFailure", " of", " modern", " medicine", ",", " side", "\neffects", " of", " chemical", " drugs", ",", " alarmingly", "\nrising", " cost", " of", " allopathy", " treatment", " make", "\npeople", " look", " for", " an", " alternative", " system", "\nof", " medicine", ".", "This", " includes", " medicinal", "\nplant", " therapy", ",", " Ayurveda", ",", " Unani", ",", "\nSiddha", ".", "Acupuncture", " and", " Acup", "-", "\nressure", " and", " the", " like", ".", " (", "Sheth", " 1998", ")", ".", "It", " is", "\nestimated", " that", " in", " modern", " age", " 80", "%", " of", "\nthe", " medical", " care", " is", " provided", " by", " home", "\ncare", " and", " traditional", " native", " systems", " of", "\nmedicine", " and", " major", " part", " of", " these", "\ntherapies", " involve", " the", " use", " of", " plant", "\nextracts", " or", " their", " active", " principles", "\n(", "Ramesh", "\net", " al", ".", ",", " 1985", ")", ".", "Angiosperm", "\nplants", " are", " store", " houses", " of", " effective", "\nchemotherapeutants", " and", " results", " of", "\nbiological", " screening", " of", " these", " plants", " for", "\na", " wide", " range", " of", " activities", " proved", " that", "\nthese", " can", " be", " used", " for", " treating", " diseases", "\nlike", " diarrhoea", ",", " dysentery", ",", " dyspepsia", ",", "\nPages", " 15", " -", " 18", "\n16", "\nstomach", " pain", " (", "Elsamma", " Thomas", " et", " al", ".", ",", "\n1999", ")", ".", "Over", " the", " last", " 20", " years", " a", " large", "\nnumber", " of", " plant", " species", " have", " been", "\nevaluated", " for", " the", " antimicrobial", " activity", ".", "Therefore", " it", " is", " necessary", " to", " establish", " the", "\nscientific", " basis", " for", " the", " therapeutic", "\naction", " of", " these", " plants", ".", "The", " present", "\nstudy", " is", " an", " attempt", " to", " evaluate", " the", "\nantibacterial", " activity", " of", " leaves", ",", " bark", " and", "\nfruits", " of", " A", ".", " marmelos", " .", "Aegle", " marmelos", " ,", " corr", ".", " (", "Fam", ".", "Rutaceae", ")", "\nis", " commonly", " known", " as", " “Bael”", " in", "\nBengal", " and", " Vilvam", " in", " Tamil", " is", "\ndistributed", " throughout", " India", " in", " dry", "\nforests", ",", " and", " also", " cultivated", ".", "The", " leaves", "\nare", " trifoliate", ",", " flowers", " are", " greenish", "\nwhite", ",", " bark", " is", " yellowish", " brown", " in", "\ncolour", " and", " fruits", " are", " green", " in", " colour", "\nwith", " orange", " brown", " sweet", " gummy", "\npulps", ".", "The", " extracts", " of", " the", " various", " parts", "\nof", " the", " plant", " is", " used", " for", " controlling", "\ndiarrhoea", ",", " dysentery", ",", " dyspepsia", ",", "\nstomach", " pain", ",", " seminal", " weakness", ",", "\nuropathy", ",", " vomiting", ",", " diabetes", ",", " snake", "\nbite", ",", " fish", " poisoning", " and", " some", " antiviral", "\nactivities", " (", "Krithikar", " and", " Basu", ",", "1999", ")", ".", "Considering", " the", " uses", " of", " A", ".", " marmelos", " in", "\ntraditional", " system", " of", " medicine", ",", " an", "\nattempt", " is", " made", " to", " assess", " the", "\nantibacterial", " activity", " of", " leaf", ",", " bark", " and", "\nfruit", " extracts", ".", "Materials", " And", " Methods", "\nCollection", " of", " plant", " material", " and", "\nextraction", " :" ]

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[ "of", " Physiotherapy", ",", " MSR", " Medical", " College", ",", " Bengaluru", "Conflicts", " of", " Interest", ":", " Nil", "Corresponding", " author", ":", " Atul", " Agrawal", "DOI", ":", " https", ":", "/", "/", "doi", ".", "org", "/", "10", ".", "32553", "/", "ijmsdr", ".", "v5i2", ".", "755", "Abstract", ":", "Background", ":", " Human", " Immunodeficiency", " Virus", " (", "HIV", ")", " has", " become", " one", " of", " the", " most", " serious", " challenges", " to", " public", "\nhealth", " due", " to", " its", " high", " morbidity", ",", " mortality", " and", " economic", " impacts", ".", "Good", " Knowledge", ",", " positive", " attitudes", " and", "\npractices", " are", " important", " aspects", " of", " providing", " nursing", " care", " for", " people", " living", " with", " HIV", "/", "AIDS", ".", "Aim", ":", " This", " study", "\naimed", " to", " assess", " knowledge", ",", " attitudes", " and", " practices", " of", " nurses", " working", " with", " HIV", "/", "AIDS", " patients", ".", "Methods", ":", " This", "\nstudy", " was", " descriptive", ",", " performed", " on", " 200", " nurses", " working", " with", " HIV", "/", "AIDS", " patients", " at", " a", " tertiary", " care", " Hospital", ",", "\nAmroha", ".", "Data", " was", " collected", " using", " pretested", ",", " validated", ",", " self", " administered", " questionnaire", " consisting", " of", " knowledge", ",", "\nattitude", " and", " practice", " based", " questions", " related", " to", " HIV", "/", "Aids", " and", " infected", " patients", " along", " with", " demographic", " variables", "\nof", " nursing", " staff", " under", " study", ".", "Results", ":", " The", " result", " of", " this", " study", " showed", " that", " majority", " of", " nurses", " (", "81", "%", ")", " working", " with", "\nHIV", "/", "AIDS", " patients", " possess", " adequate", " level", " of", " knowledge", ".", "Most", " of", " the", " nurses", " under", " study", " showed", " high", " level", " of", "\nempathic", " attitude", " toward", " people", " living", " with", " HIV", "/", "AIDS", " (", "above", " 80", "%", ")", " but", " at", " the", " same", " time", " high", " level", " of", " avoidance", "\nwas", " observed", " among", " some", " nurses", ".", "Practice", " of", " nurses", " working", " with", " HIV", "/", "AIDS", " patients", " was", " found", " good", ".", "Conclusions", ":", " There", " was", " satisfactory", " knowledge", ",", " positive", " attitudes", " and", " good", " practice", " level", " among", " nurses", " under", "\nstudy", ".", "Recommendations", ":", " Training", " should", " focus", " on", " Preventive", " methods", " and", " modes", " of", " HIV", " transmission", ",", " care", " and", "\nsupport", " of", " all", " patients", " no", " matter", " what", " the", " disease", ",", " emphasizing", " confidentiality", " as", " a", " patient", " right", " that", " should", " not", " be", "\nignored", " and", " should", " train", " nurses", " and", " monitor", " nursing", " skills", ".", "Keywords", ":", " Public", " health", ",", " Nurses", ",", " HIV", ",", " Knowledge", ",", " Attitude", ",", " Practices", "Introduction", ":", "HIV", " positive", " patients", " access", " to", " Hospital", " with", " an", " aim", " to", "\nreceive", " proper", " treatment", " and", " care", ".", "Nursing", " staff", " in", " a", "\nhospital", " plays", " an", " important", " role", " in", " providing", " treatment", " and", "\ncare", " to", " these", " HIV", " patients", ".", "Nurses", " perform", " a", " variety", " of", " roles", "\nsuch", " as", " caregiver", ",", " communicator", ",", " teacher", ",", " counselor", ",", " leader", ",", "\nchange", " agent", ",", " manager", ",", " and", " research", " consumer", " in", " Hospitals", ".", "They", " may", " be", " carried", " out", " simultaneously", " depending", " on", " the", "\nneed", " of", " the", " subject", " in", " a", " particular", " situation", " and", " case", ".", "As", " a", "\ncaregiver", ",", " nurses", " are", " expected", " to", " assist", " the", " convalescent", "'", "s", "\nphysical", ",", " psychological", ",", " developmental", ",", " cultural", ",", " and", "\nspiritual", " needs", " to", " attain", " the", " utmost", " possible", " level", " of", " health", "\nand", " wellness", ".", "The", " duties", " of", " Nurses", " include", " collecting", " body", "\nsamples", " such", " as", " blood", " samples", ",", " sputum", " samples", ",", " urine", "\nsamples", ",", " stool", " samples", ",", " other", " body", " fluids", ",", " cleaning", " and", "\nchanging", " beds", " along", " with", " administering", " intravenous", ",", "\nintramuscular", " and", " oral", " medications", ".", "Ineffective", " sterilization", "\ntechnique", ",", " inappropriate", " disposal" ]

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[ "assumptions", "\nunderlying", " a", " given", " RepL", " algorithm", " are", " likely", " to", " help", " models", " acquire", " useful", " invariances", " for", " the", " desired", "\ntasks", ";", "and", " (", "2", ")", " test", " on", " multiple", " domains", " to", " ensure", " that", " the", " claimed", " improvements", " are", " robust", " across", "\nenvironments", ".", "Conclusion", "We", " have", " seen", " that", ",", " when", " compared", " against", " a", " well", "-", "tuned", " IL", " baseline", " using", " image", " augmentations", ",", " the", "\nimpacts", " of", " representation", " learning", " for", " imitation", " are", " limited", ".", "On", " some", " benchmark", " suites", " it", " appears", "\nthat", " it", " helps", ",", " while", " on", " others", " there", " is", " not", " much", " impact", ",", " suggesting", " that", " the", " effect", " of", " RepL", " is", " quite", "\nbenchmark", "-", "specific", ".", "Our", " analysis", " has", " identified", " several", " hypotheses", " that", " could", " help", " understand", " when", "\nand", " where", " representation", " learning", " can", " be", " useful", ".", "We", " are", " excited", " to", " see", " future", " work", " investigate", "\nthese", " hypotheses", ",", " and", " hope", " the", " EIRLI", " framework", " can", " serve", " as", " a", " useful", " starting", " point", " for", " any", " such", "\ninvestigations", ".", "Acknowledgments", " and", " Disclosure", " of", " Funding", "The", " authors", " would", " like", " to", " thank", " Michael", " Chang", ",", " Ben", " Eysenbach", ",", " Aravind", " Srinivas", ",", " and", " Olivia", "\nWatkins", " for", " feedback", " on", " earlier", " versions", " of", " this", " work", ".", "This", " work", " was", " supported", " in", " part", " by", " the", " DOE", "\nCSGF", " under", " grant", " number", " DE", "-", "SC0020347", ",", " along", " with", " a", " grant", " from", " the", " Open", " Philanthropy", " Project", "\nand", " computational", " support", " from", " Google", ".", "References", "\n[", "1", "]", " Hong", " Jun", " Jeon", ",", " Smitha", " Milli", ",", " and", " Anca", " D", " Dragan", ".", " Reward", "-", "rational", " (", "implicit", ")", " choice", ":", " A", "\nunifying", " formalism", " for", " reward", " learning", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2002", ".", "04833", " ,", " 2020", ".", "\n[", "2", "]", " Ting", " Chen", ",", " Simon", " Kornblith", ",", " Mohammad", " Norouzi", ",", " and", " Geoffrey", " Hinton", ".", " A", " simple", " frame", "-", "\nwork", " for", " contrastive", " learning", " of", " visual", " representations", ".", " Proceedings", " of", " the", " 37th", " International", "\nConference", " on", " Machine", " Learning", " ,", " 2020", ".", "\n[", "3", "]", " Kuang", "-", "Huei", " Lee", ",", " Ian", " Fischer", ",", " Anthony", " Liu", ",", " Yijie", " Guo", ",", " Honglak", " Lee", ",", " John", " Canny", ",", " and", " Sergio", "\nGuadarrama", ".", " Predictive", " information", " accelerates", " learning", " in", " rl", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2007", ".", "12401", " ,", "\n2020", ".", "\n[", "4", "]", " Michael", " Laskin", ",", " Kimin", " Lee", ",", " Adam", " Stooke", ",", " Lerrel", " Pinto", ",", " Pieter", " Abbeel", ",", " and", " Aravind", " Srinivas", ".", "\nReinforcement", " learning", " with", " augmented", " data", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2004", ".", "14990", " ,", " 2020", ".", "\n[", "5", "]", " Ilya", " Kostrikov", ",", " Denis", " Yarats", ",", " and", " Rob", " Fergus", ".", " Image", " augmentation", " is", " all", " you", " need", ":", " Regularizing", "\ndeep", " reinforcement", " learning", " from", " pixels", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2004", ".", "13649", " ,", " 2020", ".", "\n[", "6", "]", " Sam", " Toyer", ",", " Rohin", " Shah", ",", " Andrew", " Critch", ",", " and", " Stuart", " Russell", ".", " The", " MAGICAL", " benchmark", " for", "\nrobust", " imitation", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2011", ".", "00401", " ,", " 2020", ".", "\n[", "7", "]", " Karl", " Cobbe", ",", " Chris", " Hesse", ",", " Jacob", " Hilton", ",", " and", " John", " Schulman", ".", " Leveraging", " procedural", " generation", "\nto", " benchmark", " reinforcement", " learning", ".", " In", " International", " conference", " on", " machine", " learning", " ,", " pages", "\n2048", "–", "2056", ".", " PMLR", ",", " 2020", ".", "\n[", "8", "]", " Yuval", " Tassa", ",", " Yotam", " Doron", ",", " Alistair", " Muldal", ",", " Tom", " Erez", ",", " Yazhe" ]

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