bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

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He accuses her of being cruel , and she assures him that she loves him , and is faithful ( " Non mi dir " – " Tell me not " ) .	Ottavio says she is cruel to him .	[]
She leaves with Zerlina .	He laughs at her , and she leaves .	[]
The finale , in which Don Giovanni refuses to repent , has been a captivating philosophical and artistic topic for many writers including George Bernard Shaw , who in " Man and Superman " parodied the opera ( with explicit mention of the Mozart score for the finale scene between the Commendatore and Don Giovanni ) .	It orders Giovanni to repent .	[]
Leporello tells Don Giovanni that he ( Giovanni ) is leading a rotten life ; Don Giovanni reacts angrily .	Leporello tells them that Giovanni has met his end .	[]
The opera was commissioned as a result of the overwhelming success of Mozart 's trip to Prague in January and February 1787 .	In January 1787 , Mozart went to Prague for the first performance of " Figaro " in that city . <SEP> Mozart left Prague for Vienna in November 1787 .	[]
Mozart also supervised the Vienna premiere of the work , which took place on 7 May 1788 .	" Don Giovanni " was first performed in Vienna on May 7 , 1788 .	[]
Lawrence Donald Clark ( born January 19 , 1943 ) is an American film director , photographer , writer and film producer who is best known for his controversial teen film " Kids " ( 1995 ) and his photography book " Tulsa " .	Lawrence " Larry " Clark ( born January 19 , 1943 ) is an American movie director and producer .	[]
In 2001 , Clark shot three features " Bully " , " Ken Park " , and " Teenage Caveman " over a span of nine months .	These include " Kids " , " Ken Park " and " Bully " ( 2001 ) .	[]
The film received an NC-17 rating , and was later released without a rating when Disney bought Miramax .	The first was marked under an NC-17 rating .	[]
Copa was founded in 1947 and it began domestic operations to three cities in Panama shortly afterwards .	Copa Airlines was founded in 1947 .	[]
The airline started its first international flights in the early 1970s , with services to cities in Jamaica , Colombia , and Costa Rica .	Its first international flights began in the 1970s . <SEP> They went to airports in Colombia , Costa Rica and Jamaica .	[]
In 1998 , Copa formed a partnership with Continental Airlines , adopting a new brand image and the OnePass frequent flyer program and later replaced by MileagePlus , which was replaced by ConnectMiles in July 2015 .	In 1998 , Copa Airlines began an agreement with Continental Airlines .	[]
Also , it introduced a redesigned font style in the Copa Airlines ' logo .	Copa Airlines also changed its logo .	[]
The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government .	The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the part of the Federal government of the United States responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing tax laws . <SEP> The IRS is the largest bureau in the United States Department of the Treasury .	[]
The IRS originated with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , a federal office created in 1862 to assess the nation 's first income tax , which was to raise funds for the American Civil War .	In 1862 , Congress had authorized the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue .	[]
The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury , and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , who is appointed to a five-year term by the President of the United States .	George S. Boutwell was the first commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Revenue .	[]
Income taxes evolved , but in 1894 the Supreme Court declared the Income Tax of 1894 unconstitutional in " Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co . " , a decision that contradicted " Hylton v. United States " .	The Supreme Court , in " Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co " ruled the income tax unconstitutional a year later .	[]
This granted Congress the specific power to impose an income tax without regard to apportionment among the states by population .	The Court ruled that the Constitution did not allow an income tax without apportionment among the states . <SEP> Free of the critical apportionment issue , it allowed Congress to impose an income tax .	[]
By February 1913 , 36 states had ratified the change to the Constitution .	On February 3 , 1913 , the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified .	[]
Income tax raised much of the money required to finance the war effort ; in 1918 a new Revenue Act established a top tax rate of 77 % .	Income taxes were as high as 77 % in 1918 to help finance World War I.	[]
In 1953 , the agency was renamed the Internal Revenue Service .	In 1953 , the Bureau of Internal Revenue reorganized and changed its name to the Internal Revenue Service .	[]
Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata , and in most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage .	Leaf surfaces are dotted with openings called stomata , which act rather like pores . <SEP> In most plants there are more on the undersides of the leaves than on the top .	[]
The stomata are bordered by guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells ( together known as stomatal complex ) that open and close the pore .	The stomata are bordered by guard cells that open and close the pore .	[]
Transpiration occurs through the stomatal apertures , and can be thought of as a necessary " cost " associated with the opening of the stomata to allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis .	Transpiration happens when the guard cells open the stomata .	[]
Water is absorbed at the roots by osmosis , and any dissolved mineral nutrients travel with it through the xylem .	Water gets into the plant at the roots by osmosis , and it transports dissolved mineral nutrients to the upper parts of the plant through the xylem .	[]
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins are an extinct { fact } species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus " Homo " .	The Denisovans or Denisova hominins are archaic humans in the genus " Homo " . <SEP> They may be an extinct species or subspecies .	[]
The mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) of the finger bone showed it to be genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans .	The mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) of the finger bone showed it was genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans .	[]
The nuclear genome from this specimen suggested that Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals , that they ranged from Siberia to Southeast Asia , and that they lived among and interbred with the ancestors of some modern humans , with about three to five percent of the DNA of Melanesians and Aboriginal Australians and around six percent in Papuans deriving from Denisovans .	The nuclear genome from this specimen suggested that Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals .	[]
Green Acres is an American sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a country farm .	Green Acres is an American sitcom that was produced by Filmways and released by Orion Pictures ( now Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ) . <SEP> " Green Acres " stars Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a rural country farm in the fictional community of Hooterville .	[]
The eight-episode summer series was created by Jay Sommers , who also wrote , produced , and directed .	" Green Acres " was created by Jay Sommers who was also a writer and executive producer for " Petticoat Junction " .	[]
Produced by Filmways as a sister show to " Petticoat Junction " , the series was first broadcast on CBS , from September 15 , 1965 , to April 27 , 1971 .	The series was first broadcast on CBS on September 15 , 1965 , and was canceled on April 27 , 1971 .	[]
Conspiracy theorists claim that NASA faked the landings to avoid humiliation and to ensure that it continued to get funding .	Moon conspiracy theorists think that NASA faked the Apollo mission with a secret program .	[]
According to James Longuski , the conspiracy theories are impossible because of their size and complexity .	According to James Longuski , the complexity of the conspiracy theory scenarios make them impossible .	[]
The conspiracy would have to involve more than 400,000 people who worked on the Apollo project for nearly ten years , the 12 men who walked on the Moon , the six others who flew with them as command module pilots , and another six astronauts who orbited the Moon .	More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for almost ten years , and 12 men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to talk about their experiences .	[]
Hundreds of thousands of people – including astronauts , scientists , engineers , technicians , and skilled laborers – would have had to keep the secret .	Hundreds of thousands of people would have had to keep the secret .	[]
Longuski argues that it would have been much easier to really land on the Moon than to generate such a huge conspiracy to fake the landings .	Longuski says that it would have been a lot easier to actually land on the Moon than to create such a large conspiracy to fake it .	[]
In some photos , the crosshairs appear to be behind objects .	In some photos , the are seemed to be partially covered by objects . <SEP> In some photos , the crosshairs are rotated .	[]
Blueprints and design and development drawings of the machines involved are missing .	Blueprints and drawings of the machines used in the Apollo project are missing .	[]
Apollo 11 data tapes containing telemetry and the high-quality video ( before scan conversion from slow-scan TV to standard TV ) of the first moonwalk are also missing .	Some Apollo 11 tapes containing telemetry and high quality video of the first moonwalk are also missing .	[]
Conspiracy theorists argue that the computers during the time of the Moon landings would not have been advanced enough to allow for manned space travel to the Moon and back .	Moon landing conspiracy theorists believe that this is because they never existed , since the mission was faked . <SEP> Some conspiracy theorists say that some astronauts were killed as part of a cover up .	[]
In a televised program about the moon-landing hoax allegations , Fox Entertainment Group listed the deaths of ten astronauts and two civilians related to the crewed spaceflight program as part of an alleged cover-up .	In a television program about the conspiracy theory , Fox Entertainment Group listed 10 astronauts and 2 others who conspiracy theorists said were killed .	[]
Moon-landing conspiracists claim that observatories and the Hubble Space Telescope should be able to photograph the landing sites .	Conspiracy theorists say that telescopes , for example the Hubble , should be able to take pictures of the moon where Apollo landed , and if people really did land on the moon , then the pictures should show the scars on the moon 's surface and equipment it left behind .	[]
This implies that the world 's major observatories ( as well as the Hubble Program ) are complicit in the hoax by refusing to take photos of the landing sites .	They believe that our major observatories will not take pictures of the landing sites because it would expose the cover-up .	[]
Photos of the Moon have been taken by Hubble , including at least two Apollo landing sites , but the Hubble resolution limits viewing of lunar objects to sizes no smaller than 60 – , which is insufficient resolution to see any landing site features .	NASA has said that images have been taken of these landing sites , but the pictures taken by Hubble are too low quality to see very much detail .	[]
On July 17 , 2009 , NASA released low-resolution engineering test photos of the Apollo 11 , Apollo 14 , Apollo 15 , Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 landing sites that have been photographed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter as part of the process of starting its primary mission .	In 2009 NASA released pictures from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter showing the Apollo landing sites in more detail .	[]
The Apollo program collected 838 lb of Moon rocks during the six crewed missions .	The Apollo Program collected 380 kg of moon rocks during the Apollo 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 missions .	[]
Furthermore , most are more than 200 million years older than the oldest Earth rocks .	The rocks are also 200,000,000 ( 200 million ) years older than any rock found on Earth , and are similar to moon rocks later brought back by the USSR .	[]
Furthermore , lunar meteorites are so rare that it is unlikely that they could account for the 380 kilograms of Moon rocks that NASA gathered between 1969 and 1972 .	Also , moon rocks are very rare on Earth , and only 30 kg have ever been discovered , while the Apollo missions brought back 380 kilograms .	[]
The two genera , " Triops " and " Lepidurus " , are considered living fossils , having not changed significantly in outward form since the Triassic .	The two genera are considered ' living fossils ' , as they have not changed in outward form since the Triassic .	[]
Notostracans are omnivores living on the bottom of temporary pools and shallow lakes .	Notostracans , or tadpole shrimps , are omnivores living on the bottom of temporary pools and shallow lakes .	[]
The " central autapomorphy " of the Notostraca is the abandonment of filter feeding in open water , and the development of a benthic lifestyle in muddy waters , taking up food from particles of sediment and preying on small animals .	The Notostraca abandoned filter feeding in open water , and took up a benthic lifestyle in muddy waters , taking up food from particles of sediment and preying on small animals .	[]
Notostracans retain the plesiomorphic condition of having two separate compound eyes , which abut , but have not become united , as seen in other groups of Branchiopoda .	Notostracans keep the ancient condition of having two separate compound eyes . <SEP> These touch but do not become united , as does happens in other groups of Branchiopods .	[]
As a result of the large amount of public interest in Clever Hans , the German board of education appointed a commission to investigate von Osten 's scientific claims .	Scientists became interested in Clever Hans .	[]
Philosopher and psychologist Carl Stumpf formed a panel of 13 people , known as the " Hans Commission " .	The psychologist Carl Stumpf got a group of people together to study what was happening .	[]
However , the horse got the right answer only when the questioner knew what the answer was and the horse could see the questioner .	The horse almost always gave the right answer when he could see his owner . <SEP> Also , the horse did not get the answer right if the person asking the question did not know the answer himself .	[]
He observed that when von Osten knew the answers to the questions , Hans got 89 percent of the answers correct , but when von Osten did not know the answers to the questions , Hans answered only six percent of the questions correctly .	If he could see the person asking him the question , he got the answers right 89 % of the time .	[]
Katri ́ n Jakobsdo ́ ttir ( pronounced ] ; born 1 February 1976 ) is an Icelandic politician serving as the 28th and current Prime Minister of Iceland since 2017 .	Katri ́ n Jakobsdo ́ ttir ( pronounced ] ; born 1 February 1976 ) is an Icelandic politician . <SEP> She is the 28th and current Prime Minister of Iceland since 30 November 2017 .	[]
She is the member of the Althing for the Reykjavi ́ k North constituency since 2007 .	She is a member of the Althing ( Iceland 's parliament ) for the Reykjavi ́ k North constituency since 2007 .	[]
Western Christianity is a religious category composed of the Latin Church and Protestantism , together with their offshoots such as Independent Catholicism and Restorationism .	Western Christianity is a part of the Christian religion . <SEP> Western Christianity includes people who are members of the Catholic Church , as well as people who are members of Protestant churches .	[]
Out of the Latin Church emerged a wide variety of independent Protestant denominations , including Lutheranism and Anglicanism , starting from the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century , as did Independent Catholicism in the 19th century .	Many Protestant churches started during the Protestant Reformation in about 1600 .	[]
Like Eastern Christianity , Western Christianity traces its roots directly to the apostles and other early preachers of the religion .	However , Western Christianity is different from Eastern Christianity , which has a different set of religious traditions , but many of the same religious beliefs .	[]
The Prince of Wales Trophy , also known as the Wales Trophy , is an award presented by the National Hockey League ( NHL ) to the Eastern Conference ( formerly the Wales Conference ) playoff champions , prior to the final series of games for the Stanley Cup .	The Prince of Wales Trophy , or simply the Wales Trophy , is a National Hockey League ( NHL ) trophy awarded to the Eastern Conference ( formerly the Wales Conference ) playoff champions . <SEP> The trophy is awarded prior to the final series which are the championship games to decide the winner for the Stanley Cup against the Western Conference 's champions .	[]
However , the trophy has been awarded for eight different accomplishments throughout its history , including for the American Division regular season champions , the NHL regular season champions , the East Division season champions , the Wales Conference regular season champions , the Wales Conference playoff champions , and the Eastern Conference playoff champions .	The trophy was first established in the 1923-24 NHL season , for the champion of the NHL playoffs , but it has been the trophy for eight different accomplishments , which also include being the NHL regular season champions , American Division regular season champions , regular season champions , East Division regular season champions , Wales Conference regular season champions , Wales Conference playoffs champions , and Eastern Conference playoffs champions .	[]
The current holders of the Prince of Wales Trophy are the Boston Bruins , after defeating the Carolina Hurricanes in the 2019 Eastern Conference Finals .	The current holder of the Prince of Wales Trophy is the Tampa Bay Lightning after defeating the New York Rangers in the 2015 Eastern Conference finals .	[]
The Prince of Wales Trophy was first announced in December 1925 .	The Prince of Wales Trophy was donated by His Royal Highness , the Prince of Wales ( later King Edward VIII and the Duke of Windsor ) , in 1924 .	[]
It was then awarded to the NHL playoff champion in 1925 – 26 and 1926 – 27 , ( along with the O 'Brien Cup ) before that team would go on to face the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) champion for the Stanley Cup at the end of those seasons .	It was first presented to the playoff champion of the NHL ( replacing the O 'Brien Trophy ) who then went on to face the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) champion for the Stanley Cup .	[]
From 1927-28 season on , the trophy was awarded to the champion of the American Division of the NHL , while the O 'Brien Cup was presented to the Canadian Division champion , until 1938 , when , after the NHL reverted to a single division , the Wales Trophy was made the award for the overall regular season champion .	From 1927 – 28 onwards it was awarded to the champion of the NHL American Division while the O 'Brien Trophy was awarded to the NHL Canadian Division .	[]
Gary Ennis Collins ( April 30 , 1938 – October 13 , 2012 ) was an American film and television actor and talk-show host .	Gary Ennis Collins ( April 30 , 1938 – October 13 , 2012 ) was an American movie , television , radio , stage , voice actor , and television host .	[]
He was the host of the Miss America Pageant from 1982 to 1990 .	He is also known for being the host of Miss America from 1982 through 1990 .	[]
Collins was nominated for an Emmy Award six times and won in 1983 for Outstanding Talk Show Host .	He has won an Emmy Award for Best Television Host in 1983 .	[]
Collins was born in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Venice , California .	Collins was born on April 30 , 1938 in Venice , California .	[]
After attending Santa Monica City College , he went into the United States Army .	He studied at Santa Monica City College .	[]
In 1967 , Collins married Mary Ann Mobley , Miss America ( 1959 ) .	Then he was married to Mary Ann Mobley from 1967 until his death in 2012 .	[]
Collins died around 1:00 am on October 13 , 2012 , at Biloxi Regional Medical Center in Biloxi , Mississippi , of natural causes .	Collins died on the morning of October 13 , 2012 in Biloxi , Mississippi from natural causes , aged 74 .	[]
Sir George Howard Darwin , ( 9 July 1845 – 7 December 1912 ) was an English barrister and astronomer , the second son and fifth child of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin .	Sir George Howard Darwin , KCB FRS ( 9 July 1845 – 7 December 1912 ) was an English astronomer and mathematician .	[]
On 29 December 1989 , while he was leader of the Civic Forum , Havel became President of Czechoslovakia by a unanimous vote of the Federal Assembly .	Havel was already leader of the Civic Forum , and on 29 December 1989 , he became president .	[]
He had long insisted that he was not interested in politics and had argued that political change in the country should be induced through autonomous civic initiatives rather than through the official institutions .	This was a surprising change because Havel had always said that he was not interested in politics .	[]
In 1990 , Czechoslovakia held its first free elections in 44 years , resulting in a sweeping victory for Civic Forum and its Slovak counterpart , Public Against Violence .	Czechoslovakia had free elections in 1990 .	[]
Havel retained his presidency .	Havel won and continued to be president .	[]
After the Slovaks issued their Declaration of Independence , he resigned as President on 20 July , saying that he would not preside over the country 's breakup .	Havel resigned as president on 20 July after the Slovaks issued their Declaration of Independence .	[]
However , when the Czech Republic was created as one of two successor states , he stood for election as its first president on 26 January 1993 , and won .	He stood for election as president of the new Czech Republic in 1993 .	[]
Ritter was born at the Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank , California , on September 17 , 1948 .	Ritter was born in Burbank , California and died there on September 11 , 2003 of aortic dissection caused by heart disease .	[]
His father , Tex Ritter , was a singing cowboy / matinee star , and his mother , Dorothy Fay ( ne ́ e Southworth ) , was an actress .	Ritter 's parents were Tex Ritter and Dorothy Fay .	[]
After serving six years , he was either released or escaped .	He was captured and sentenced to prison for 13 years .	[]
He was jailed again in 1864 for horse stealing .	In 1864 he was captured near Beechworth and sent back to prison .	[]
Escaping from Pentridge Prison in 1869 , the 50-year-old Power turned to highway robbery and became known as a Bushranger .	He escaped from Pentridge again on 19 February 1869 .	[]
A reward of £ 500 was offered for his capture ( a large sum of money at that time ) .	The police offered a reward of ₤ 500 for his capture .	[]
The NHL Awards presentation took place on June 19 , 1997 .	" Note : GP = Games Played , G = Goals , A = Assists , Pts = Points " The NHL Awards presentation took place on June 19 , 1997 .	[]
" A Christmas Carol " recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge , an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past , Present and Yet to Come .	The story is about a Christmas-hating miser named Ebenezer Scrooge .	[]
After their visits , Scrooge is transformed into a kinder , gentler man .	On Christmas Eve , he is visited by four ghosts who transform him into a kind and generous man .	[]
" A Christmas Carol " has never been out of print and has been translated into several languages ; the story has been adapted many times for film , stage , opera and other media .	It is usually read at Christmas time and has been adapted to theatre , movies , radio , and television many times .	[]
The first spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Past , takes Scrooge to Christmas scenes of Scrooge 's boyhood , reminding him of a time when he was more innocent .	The first ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Past .	[]
The second spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Present , takes Scrooge to a joyous market with people buying the makings of Christmas dinner and to celebrations of Christmas in a miner 's cottage and in a lighthouse .	The second ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Present .	[]
A major part of this stave is taken up with Bob Cratchit 's family feast and introduces his youngest son , Tiny Tim , a happy boy who is seriously ill .	He also shows him Bob 's youngest son , called Tiny Tim , who is crippled .	[]
The third spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come , shows Scrooge a Christmas Day in the future .	The third ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come . <SEP> This ghost shows Scrooge what Christmas will be like in the future if he does not change .	[]
When Scrooge asks to see tenderness connected with any death , the ghost shows him Bob Cratchit and his family mourning the death of Tiny Tim .	The ghost also shows him that Tiny Tim has died .	[]
It is the basis of the Bengali , Assamese and Tirhuta as well as the alphabets for Bishnupriya Manipuri , Kokborok ( Tripuri ) and Meithei ( Manipuri ) .	It is the basis of the Bengali , Assamese alphabet and Tirhuta ( a mix of Devanagari and Eastern Nagari ) . <SEP> It is also used to write Bishnupriya Manipuri , Kokborok ( Tripuri ) and Meithei ( Manipuri ) .	[]
Other languages , such as Angika , Bodo , Karbi , Maithili and Mising were once written in Bengali – Assamese script .	Other languages , such as Angika , Bodo , Karbi , Maithili and Mising , were formerly written in Bengali – Assamese script .	[]
It was originally used to write Sanskrit , and the use of this script for Sanskrit continues in Eastern India .	It was originally used to write Sanskrit . <SEP> Today , in Eastern India , the use of Eastern Nagari for Sanskrit continues .	[]
The Bengali — Asamese script was originally not associated with any particular regional language , but was prevalent as the main script in the eastern regions of Medieval India .	The Bengali — Asamese script was n't created to write a certain language , but it was the main script in the eastern regions of Medieval India .	[]

He accuses her of being cruel , and she assures him that she loves him , and is faithful ( " Non mi dir " – " Tell me not " ) .

Ottavio says she is cruel to him .

[]

She leaves with Zerlina .

He laughs at her , and she leaves .

[]

The finale , in which Don Giovanni refuses to repent , has been a captivating philosophical and artistic topic for many writers including George Bernard Shaw , who in " Man and Superman " parodied the opera ( with explicit mention of the Mozart score for the finale scene between the Commendatore and Don Giovanni ) .

It orders Giovanni to repent .

[]

Leporello tells Don Giovanni that he ( Giovanni ) is leading a rotten life ; Don Giovanni reacts angrily .

Leporello tells them that Giovanni has met his end .

[]

The opera was commissioned as a result of the overwhelming success of Mozart 's trip to Prague in January and February 1787 .

In January 1787 , Mozart went to Prague for the first performance of " Figaro " in that city . <SEP> Mozart left Prague for Vienna in November 1787 .

[]

Mozart also supervised the Vienna premiere of the work , which took place on 7 May 1788 .

" Don Giovanni " was first performed in Vienna on May 7 , 1788 .

[]

Lawrence Donald Clark ( born January 19 , 1943 ) is an American film director , photographer , writer and film producer who is best known for his controversial teen film " Kids " ( 1995 ) and his photography book " Tulsa " .

Lawrence " Larry " Clark ( born January 19 , 1943 ) is an American movie director and producer .

[]

In 2001 , Clark shot three features " Bully " , " Ken Park " , and " Teenage Caveman " over a span of nine months .

These include " Kids " , " Ken Park " and " Bully " ( 2001 ) .

[]

The film received an NC-17 rating , and was later released without a rating when Disney bought Miramax .

The first was marked under an NC-17 rating .

[]

Copa was founded in 1947 and it began domestic operations to three cities in Panama shortly afterwards .

Copa Airlines was founded in 1947 .

[]

The airline started its first international flights in the early 1970s , with services to cities in Jamaica , Colombia , and Costa Rica .

Its first international flights began in the 1970s . <SEP> They went to airports in Colombia , Costa Rica and Jamaica .

[]

In 1998 , Copa formed a partnership with Continental Airlines , adopting a new brand image and the OnePass frequent flyer program and later replaced by MileagePlus , which was replaced by ConnectMiles in July 2015 .

In 1998 , Copa Airlines began an agreement with Continental Airlines .

[]

Also , it introduced a redesigned font style in the Copa Airlines ' logo .

Copa Airlines also changed its logo .

[]

The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government .

The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the part of the Federal government of the United States responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing tax laws . <SEP> The IRS is the largest bureau in the United States Department of the Treasury .

[]

The IRS originated with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , a federal office created in 1862 to assess the nation 's first income tax , which was to raise funds for the American Civil War .

In 1862 , Congress had authorized the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue .

[]

The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury , and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , who is appointed to a five-year term by the President of the United States .

George S. Boutwell was the first commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Revenue .

[]

Income taxes evolved , but in 1894 the Supreme Court declared the Income Tax of 1894 unconstitutional in " Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co . " , a decision that contradicted " Hylton v. United States " .

The Supreme Court , in " Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co " ruled the income tax unconstitutional a year later .

[]

This granted Congress the specific power to impose an income tax without regard to apportionment among the states by population .

The Court ruled that the Constitution did not allow an income tax without apportionment among the states . <SEP> Free of the critical apportionment issue , it allowed Congress to impose an income tax .

[]

By February 1913 , 36 states had ratified the change to the Constitution .

On February 3 , 1913 , the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified .

[]

Income tax raised much of the money required to finance the war effort ; in 1918 a new Revenue Act established a top tax rate of 77 % .

Income taxes were as high as 77 % in 1918 to help finance World War I.

[]

In 1953 , the agency was renamed the Internal Revenue Service .

In 1953 , the Bureau of Internal Revenue reorganized and changed its name to the Internal Revenue Service .

[]

Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata , and in most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage .

Leaf surfaces are dotted with openings called stomata , which act rather like pores . <SEP> In most plants there are more on the undersides of the leaves than on the top .

[]

The stomata are bordered by guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells ( together known as stomatal complex ) that open and close the pore .

The stomata are bordered by guard cells that open and close the pore .

[]

Transpiration occurs through the stomatal apertures , and can be thought of as a necessary " cost " associated with the opening of the stomata to allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis .

Transpiration happens when the guard cells open the stomata .

[]

Water is absorbed at the roots by osmosis , and any dissolved mineral nutrients travel with it through the xylem .

Water gets into the plant at the roots by osmosis , and it transports dissolved mineral nutrients to the upper parts of the plant through the xylem .

[]

The Denisovans or Denisova hominins are an extinct { fact } species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus " Homo " .

The Denisovans or Denisova hominins are archaic humans in the genus " Homo " . <SEP> They may be an extinct species or subspecies .

[]

The mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) of the finger bone showed it to be genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans .

The mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) of the finger bone showed it was genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans .

[]

The nuclear genome from this specimen suggested that Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals , that they ranged from Siberia to Southeast Asia , and that they lived among and interbred with the ancestors of some modern humans , with about three to five percent of the DNA of Melanesians and Aboriginal Australians and around six percent in Papuans deriving from Denisovans .

The nuclear genome from this specimen suggested that Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals .

[]

Green Acres is an American sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a country farm .

Green Acres is an American sitcom that was produced by Filmways and released by Orion Pictures ( now Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ) . <SEP> " Green Acres " stars Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a rural country farm in the fictional community of Hooterville .

[]

The eight-episode summer series was created by Jay Sommers , who also wrote , produced , and directed .

" Green Acres " was created by Jay Sommers who was also a writer and executive producer for " Petticoat Junction " .

[]

Produced by Filmways as a sister show to " Petticoat Junction " , the series was first broadcast on CBS , from September 15 , 1965 , to April 27 , 1971 .

The series was first broadcast on CBS on September 15 , 1965 , and was canceled on April 27 , 1971 .

[]

Conspiracy theorists claim that NASA faked the landings to avoid humiliation and to ensure that it continued to get funding .

Moon conspiracy theorists think that NASA faked the Apollo mission with a secret program .

[]

According to James Longuski , the conspiracy theories are impossible because of their size and complexity .

According to James Longuski , the complexity of the conspiracy theory scenarios make them impossible .

[]

The conspiracy would have to involve more than 400,000 people who worked on the Apollo project for nearly ten years , the 12 men who walked on the Moon , the six others who flew with them as command module pilots , and another six astronauts who orbited the Moon .

More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for almost ten years , and 12 men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to talk about their experiences .

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Hundreds of thousands of people – including astronauts , scientists , engineers , technicians , and skilled laborers – would have had to keep the secret .

Hundreds of thousands of people would have had to keep the secret .

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Longuski argues that it would have been much easier to really land on the Moon than to generate such a huge conspiracy to fake the landings .

Longuski says that it would have been a lot easier to actually land on the Moon than to create such a large conspiracy to fake it .

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In some photos , the crosshairs appear to be behind objects .

In some photos , the are seemed to be partially covered by objects . <SEP> In some photos , the crosshairs are rotated .

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Blueprints and design and development drawings of the machines involved are missing .

Blueprints and drawings of the machines used in the Apollo project are missing .

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Apollo 11 data tapes containing telemetry and the high-quality video ( before scan conversion from slow-scan TV to standard TV ) of the first moonwalk are also missing .

Some Apollo 11 tapes containing telemetry and high quality video of the first moonwalk are also missing .

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Conspiracy theorists argue that the computers during the time of the Moon landings would not have been advanced enough to allow for manned space travel to the Moon and back .

Moon landing conspiracy theorists believe that this is because they never existed , since the mission was faked . <SEP> Some conspiracy theorists say that some astronauts were killed as part of a cover up .

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In a televised program about the moon-landing hoax allegations , Fox Entertainment Group listed the deaths of ten astronauts and two civilians related to the crewed spaceflight program as part of an alleged cover-up .

In a television program about the conspiracy theory , Fox Entertainment Group listed 10 astronauts and 2 others who conspiracy theorists said were killed .

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Moon-landing conspiracists claim that observatories and the Hubble Space Telescope should be able to photograph the landing sites .

Conspiracy theorists say that telescopes , for example the Hubble , should be able to take pictures of the moon where Apollo landed , and if people really did land on the moon , then the pictures should show the scars on the moon 's surface and equipment it left behind .

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This implies that the world 's major observatories ( as well as the Hubble Program ) are complicit in the hoax by refusing to take photos of the landing sites .

They believe that our major observatories will not take pictures of the landing sites because it would expose the cover-up .

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Photos of the Moon have been taken by Hubble , including at least two Apollo landing sites , but the Hubble resolution limits viewing of lunar objects to sizes no smaller than 60 – , which is insufficient resolution to see any landing site features .

NASA has said that images have been taken of these landing sites , but the pictures taken by Hubble are too low quality to see very much detail .

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On July 17 , 2009 , NASA released low-resolution engineering test photos of the Apollo 11 , Apollo 14 , Apollo 15 , Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 landing sites that have been photographed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter as part of the process of starting its primary mission .

In 2009 NASA released pictures from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter showing the Apollo landing sites in more detail .

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The Apollo program collected 838 lb of Moon rocks during the six crewed missions .

The Apollo Program collected 380 kg of moon rocks during the Apollo 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 missions .

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Furthermore , most are more than 200 million years older than the oldest Earth rocks .

The rocks are also 200,000,000 ( 200 million ) years older than any rock found on Earth , and are similar to moon rocks later brought back by the USSR .

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Furthermore , lunar meteorites are so rare that it is unlikely that they could account for the 380 kilograms of Moon rocks that NASA gathered between 1969 and 1972 .

Also , moon rocks are very rare on Earth , and only 30 kg have ever been discovered , while the Apollo missions brought back 380 kilograms .

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The two genera , " Triops " and " Lepidurus " , are considered living fossils , having not changed significantly in outward form since the Triassic .

The two genera are considered ' living fossils ' , as they have not changed in outward form since the Triassic .

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Notostracans are omnivores living on the bottom of temporary pools and shallow lakes .

Notostracans , or tadpole shrimps , are omnivores living on the bottom of temporary pools and shallow lakes .

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The " central autapomorphy " of the Notostraca is the abandonment of filter feeding in open water , and the development of a benthic lifestyle in muddy waters , taking up food from particles of sediment and preying on small animals .

The Notostraca abandoned filter feeding in open water , and took up a benthic lifestyle in muddy waters , taking up food from particles of sediment and preying on small animals .

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Notostracans retain the plesiomorphic condition of having two separate compound eyes , which abut , but have not become united , as seen in other groups of Branchiopoda .

Notostracans keep the ancient condition of having two separate compound eyes . <SEP> These touch but do not become united , as does happens in other groups of Branchiopods .

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As a result of the large amount of public interest in Clever Hans , the German board of education appointed a commission to investigate von Osten 's scientific claims .

Scientists became interested in Clever Hans .

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Philosopher and psychologist Carl Stumpf formed a panel of 13 people , known as the " Hans Commission " .

The psychologist Carl Stumpf got a group of people together to study what was happening .

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However , the horse got the right answer only when the questioner knew what the answer was and the horse could see the questioner .

The horse almost always gave the right answer when he could see his owner . <SEP> Also , the horse did not get the answer right if the person asking the question did not know the answer himself .

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He observed that when von Osten knew the answers to the questions , Hans got 89 percent of the answers correct , but when von Osten did not know the answers to the questions , Hans answered only six percent of the questions correctly .

If he could see the person asking him the question , he got the answers right 89 % of the time .

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Katri ́ n Jakobsdo ́ ttir ( pronounced ] ; born 1 February 1976 ) is an Icelandic politician serving as the 28th and current Prime Minister of Iceland since 2017 .

Katri ́ n Jakobsdo ́ ttir ( pronounced ] ; born 1 February 1976 ) is an Icelandic politician . <SEP> She is the 28th and current Prime Minister of Iceland since 30 November 2017 .

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She is the member of the Althing for the Reykjavi ́ k North constituency since 2007 .

She is a member of the Althing ( Iceland 's parliament ) for the Reykjavi ́ k North constituency since 2007 .

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Western Christianity is a religious category composed of the Latin Church and Protestantism , together with their offshoots such as Independent Catholicism and Restorationism .

Western Christianity is a part of the Christian religion . <SEP> Western Christianity includes people who are members of the Catholic Church , as well as people who are members of Protestant churches .

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Out of the Latin Church emerged a wide variety of independent Protestant denominations , including Lutheranism and Anglicanism , starting from the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century , as did Independent Catholicism in the 19th century .

Many Protestant churches started during the Protestant Reformation in about 1600 .

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Like Eastern Christianity , Western Christianity traces its roots directly to the apostles and other early preachers of the religion .

However , Western Christianity is different from Eastern Christianity , which has a different set of religious traditions , but many of the same religious beliefs .

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The Prince of Wales Trophy , also known as the Wales Trophy , is an award presented by the National Hockey League ( NHL ) to the Eastern Conference ( formerly the Wales Conference ) playoff champions , prior to the final series of games for the Stanley Cup .

The Prince of Wales Trophy , or simply the Wales Trophy , is a National Hockey League ( NHL ) trophy awarded to the Eastern Conference ( formerly the Wales Conference ) playoff champions . <SEP> The trophy is awarded prior to the final series which are the championship games to decide the winner for the Stanley Cup against the Western Conference 's champions .

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However , the trophy has been awarded for eight different accomplishments throughout its history , including for the American Division regular season champions , the NHL regular season champions , the East Division season champions , the Wales Conference regular season champions , the Wales Conference playoff champions , and the Eastern Conference playoff champions .

The trophy was first established in the 1923-24 NHL season , for the champion of the NHL playoffs , but it has been the trophy for eight different accomplishments , which also include being the NHL regular season champions , American Division regular season champions , regular season champions , East Division regular season champions , Wales Conference regular season champions , Wales Conference playoffs champions , and Eastern Conference playoffs champions .

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The current holders of the Prince of Wales Trophy are the Boston Bruins , after defeating the Carolina Hurricanes in the 2019 Eastern Conference Finals .

The current holder of the Prince of Wales Trophy is the Tampa Bay Lightning after defeating the New York Rangers in the 2015 Eastern Conference finals .

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The Prince of Wales Trophy was first announced in December 1925 .

The Prince of Wales Trophy was donated by His Royal Highness , the Prince of Wales ( later King Edward VIII and the Duke of Windsor ) , in 1924 .

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It was then awarded to the NHL playoff champion in 1925 – 26 and 1926 – 27 , ( along with the O 'Brien Cup ) before that team would go on to face the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) champion for the Stanley Cup at the end of those seasons .

It was first presented to the playoff champion of the NHL ( replacing the O 'Brien Trophy ) who then went on to face the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) champion for the Stanley Cup .

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From 1927-28 season on , the trophy was awarded to the champion of the American Division of the NHL , while the O 'Brien Cup was presented to the Canadian Division champion , until 1938 , when , after the NHL reverted to a single division , the Wales Trophy was made the award for the overall regular season champion .

From 1927 – 28 onwards it was awarded to the champion of the NHL American Division while the O 'Brien Trophy was awarded to the NHL Canadian Division .

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Gary Ennis Collins ( April 30 , 1938 – October 13 , 2012 ) was an American film and television actor and talk-show host .

Gary Ennis Collins ( April 30 , 1938 – October 13 , 2012 ) was an American movie , television , radio , stage , voice actor , and television host .

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He was the host of the Miss America Pageant from 1982 to 1990 .

He is also known for being the host of Miss America from 1982 through 1990 .

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Collins was nominated for an Emmy Award six times and won in 1983 for Outstanding Talk Show Host .

He has won an Emmy Award for Best Television Host in 1983 .

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Collins was born in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Venice , California .

Collins was born on April 30 , 1938 in Venice , California .

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After attending Santa Monica City College , he went into the United States Army .

He studied at Santa Monica City College .

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In 1967 , Collins married Mary Ann Mobley , Miss America ( 1959 ) .

Then he was married to Mary Ann Mobley from 1967 until his death in 2012 .

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Collins died around 1:00 am on October 13 , 2012 , at Biloxi Regional Medical Center in Biloxi , Mississippi , of natural causes .

Collins died on the morning of October 13 , 2012 in Biloxi , Mississippi from natural causes , aged 74 .

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Sir George Howard Darwin , ( 9 July 1845 – 7 December 1912 ) was an English barrister and astronomer , the second son and fifth child of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin .

Sir George Howard Darwin , KCB FRS ( 9 July 1845 – 7 December 1912 ) was an English astronomer and mathematician .

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On 29 December 1989 , while he was leader of the Civic Forum , Havel became President of Czechoslovakia by a unanimous vote of the Federal Assembly .

Havel was already leader of the Civic Forum , and on 29 December 1989 , he became president .

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He had long insisted that he was not interested in politics and had argued that political change in the country should be induced through autonomous civic initiatives rather than through the official institutions .

This was a surprising change because Havel had always said that he was not interested in politics .

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In 1990 , Czechoslovakia held its first free elections in 44 years , resulting in a sweeping victory for Civic Forum and its Slovak counterpart , Public Against Violence .

Czechoslovakia had free elections in 1990 .

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Havel retained his presidency .

Havel won and continued to be president .

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After the Slovaks issued their Declaration of Independence , he resigned as President on 20 July , saying that he would not preside over the country 's breakup .

Havel resigned as president on 20 July after the Slovaks issued their Declaration of Independence .

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However , when the Czech Republic was created as one of two successor states , he stood for election as its first president on 26 January 1993 , and won .

He stood for election as president of the new Czech Republic in 1993 .

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Ritter was born at the Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank , California , on September 17 , 1948 .

Ritter was born in Burbank , California and died there on September 11 , 2003 of aortic dissection caused by heart disease .

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His father , Tex Ritter , was a singing cowboy / matinee star , and his mother , Dorothy Fay ( ne ́ e Southworth ) , was an actress .

Ritter 's parents were Tex Ritter and Dorothy Fay .

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After serving six years , he was either released or escaped .

He was captured and sentenced to prison for 13 years .

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He was jailed again in 1864 for horse stealing .

In 1864 he was captured near Beechworth and sent back to prison .

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Escaping from Pentridge Prison in 1869 , the 50-year-old Power turned to highway robbery and became known as a Bushranger .

He escaped from Pentridge again on 19 February 1869 .

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A reward of £ 500 was offered for his capture ( a large sum of money at that time ) .

The police offered a reward of ₤ 500 for his capture .

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The NHL Awards presentation took place on June 19 , 1997 .

" Note : GP = Games Played , G = Goals , A = Assists , Pts = Points " The NHL Awards presentation took place on June 19 , 1997 .

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" A Christmas Carol " recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge , an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past , Present and Yet to Come .

The story is about a Christmas-hating miser named Ebenezer Scrooge .

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After their visits , Scrooge is transformed into a kinder , gentler man .

On Christmas Eve , he is visited by four ghosts who transform him into a kind and generous man .

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" A Christmas Carol " has never been out of print and has been translated into several languages ; the story has been adapted many times for film , stage , opera and other media .

It is usually read at Christmas time and has been adapted to theatre , movies , radio , and television many times .

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The first spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Past , takes Scrooge to Christmas scenes of Scrooge 's boyhood , reminding him of a time when he was more innocent .

The first ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Past .

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The second spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Present , takes Scrooge to a joyous market with people buying the makings of Christmas dinner and to celebrations of Christmas in a miner 's cottage and in a lighthouse .

The second ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Present .

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A major part of this stave is taken up with Bob Cratchit 's family feast and introduces his youngest son , Tiny Tim , a happy boy who is seriously ill .

He also shows him Bob 's youngest son , called Tiny Tim , who is crippled .

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The third spirit , the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come , shows Scrooge a Christmas Day in the future .

The third ghost is the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come . <SEP> This ghost shows Scrooge what Christmas will be like in the future if he does not change .

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When Scrooge asks to see tenderness connected with any death , the ghost shows him Bob Cratchit and his family mourning the death of Tiny Tim .

The ghost also shows him that Tiny Tim has died .

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It is the basis of the Bengali , Assamese and Tirhuta as well as the alphabets for Bishnupriya Manipuri , Kokborok ( Tripuri ) and Meithei ( Manipuri ) .

It is the basis of the Bengali , Assamese alphabet and Tirhuta ( a mix of Devanagari and Eastern Nagari ) . <SEP> It is also used to write Bishnupriya Manipuri , Kokborok ( Tripuri ) and Meithei ( Manipuri ) .

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Other languages , such as Angika , Bodo , Karbi , Maithili and Mising were once written in Bengali – Assamese script .

Other languages , such as Angika , Bodo , Karbi , Maithili and Mising , were formerly written in Bengali – Assamese script .

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It was originally used to write Sanskrit , and the use of this script for Sanskrit continues in Eastern India .

It was originally used to write Sanskrit . <SEP> Today , in Eastern India , the use of Eastern Nagari for Sanskrit continues .

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The Bengali — Asamese script was originally not associated with any particular regional language , but was prevalent as the main script in the eastern regions of Medieval India .

The Bengali — Asamese script was n't created to write a certain language , but it was the main script in the eastern regions of Medieval India .

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