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a retrospective study on the outcome of consecutive patients with a previous lower segment caesarean section who delivered in kandang kerbau hospital singapore from january to june was performed seventysix percent of these patients were selected for a trial of labour and of the patients had a repeat ECS VD was achieved in of patients chosen to undergo a trial of labour a trial of labour was found to be relatively safe with only a incidence of uterine dehiscence and a perinatal mortality of per births with no maternal mortality cephalopelvic disproportion in the previous pregnancy and C2 dilatation during the previous caesarean section were not important prognostic factor for the subsequent pregnancy outcome a previous VD in patients who had a previous caesarean section was a good prognostic factor for a subsequent successful vaginal delivery p in the trial of labour more vaginal deliveries p were achieved when oxytocic infusion was used in selected cases during the trial of labour maternal morbidities were higher in patients who had a failed trial of labour and repeat ECS than those who had a successful trial of labout management of patients with a previous lower segment caesarean section may present a dilemma but if properly conducted the outcome can be favourable
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endothelial dysfunction is associated with increase in oxidative AS and low no bioavailability the EC no synthase enos uncoupling is considered an important factor in EC cell oxidative stress under increased oxidative stress the enos cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin bh is Ox to dihydrobiopterin which competes with bh for IB to enos resulting in enos uncoupling and reduction in no production the importance of the ratio of bh to oxidized biopterins versus absolute C2 of total biopterin in determining the extent of enos uncoupling remains to be determined we have developed a computational model to simulate the kinetics of the PSA pathways of enos for both no and o⢠production to understand the roles of bh availability and total biopterin tbp concentration in enos uncoupling the downstream reactions of no o⢠onoo o co and bh were also modeled the MM predicted that a lower bhtbp ratio decreased no production but increased o⢠production from enos the no and o⢠production rates were independent above μm tbp the results indicate that enos uncoupling is a result of a decrease in bhtbp ratio and a supplementation of bh might be effective only when the bhtbp ratio increases the results from this T0 will help us understand the mechanism of EC dysfunction
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we accessed the potential impact of diabetes mellitus and HG on early prognosis in a T0 of cases of ct proved BB infarction main endpoints of this study were days casefatality rates and the probability of early discharge or prolonged hospitalization proportions of patients exhibiting diverse evolutions were compared by fishers test and when the number of observations permitted by chisquare test diabetes mellitus was diagnosed by PH in patients in cases analysed within hours of admission hyperglycemia gl level higher than mgdl was detected in including all diabetic patients vs p but these patients probably were discharged early less frequently vs p compared to the normoglycemic patients hyperglycemic patients also fared worse when considering altogether the early discharge and case fatality rates and the need for prolonged hospitalization p they also exhibited a nonsignificant increase in early case fatality rate vs p and a markedly reduced chance of obtaining early hospital discharge vs p case fatality rates were maximal in diabetic hyperglycemic patients and seemed intermediate in nondiabetic hyperglycemic patients considering the three endpoints evaluated the apparent differences between nondiabetic hyper and normoglycemic patients did not reach statistical significance p these results suggest that both diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia per se have deleterious effects on the clinical evolution of patients with cerebral infarctionabstract truncated at words
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daily intravenous i.t. of nmolkg dsip delta sleepinducing peptide in rats under constant illumination produced marked changes of their motor activity as compared to saline controls similar marked but distinctly different effects on the circadian DP of locomotor behavior partially abolished by LL were also obtained T3 repeated administration of nmolkg dsipp the phosphorylated analogue of dsip which enhanced overall MA in both instances the results additionally differed from those reported for a normal hr L/D cycle the present results support the hypothesis that dsip might primarily act by influencing circadian rhythmicity
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precipitable water pw is an important atmospheric VL for climate system calculation local monthly mean pw values were measured by daily radiosonde observations for the time period from to artificial neural network ann method was applied for modeling and prediction of mean precipitable water data in çukurova region south of turkey we applied levenbergmarquardt lm learning algorithm and logistic sigmoid TF in the network in order to train our neural network we used data of adana station which are assumed to give a GA idea about the precipitable water of çukurova region thus meteorological and geographical data altitude temperature pressure and humidity were used in the input layer of the network for çukurova region precipitable water was the SO correlation coefficient r between the predicted and measured values for monthly mean daily sum with lm method values was found to be training testing respectively the findings revealed that the annbased prediction technique for estimating pw values is as ERP as meteorological radiosonde observations in addition the results suggest that ann method values be used so as to predict the precipitable water
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the factorial design of experiments and desirability function approach has been applied for multiresponse optimization in pervaporation separation process two organic AQ solutions were considered as model mixtures wateracetonitrile and waterethanol mixtures two responses have been employed in multiresponse optimization of pervaporation total permeate flux and organic selectivity the effects of three experimental factors feed temperature initial concentration of organic compound in feed solution and downstream pressure on the pervaporation responses have been investigated the experiments were performed according to a full factorial exp design the factorial models have been obtained from exp design and validated statistically by analysis of variance anova the spatial representations of the response functions were drawn together with the corresponding contour L1 plots factorial models have been used to develop the overall desirability function in addition the overlap contour plots were presented to identify the desirability zone and to determine the optimum point the optimal operating conditions were found to be in the case of wateracetonitrile mixture a feed temperature of degrees c an initial concentration of and a downstream pressure of kpa while for waterethanol mixture a feed temperature of degrees c an initial concentration of and a downstream pressure of kpa under such optimum conditions it was observed experimentally an improvement of both the total permeate flux and selectivity
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the article about the viral hybrid shiv by joseph sidroski and his colleagues that was reported in jon cohens news comment article monkeyhuman viral hybrid is new weapon in aids fight july p appeared in the july issue of the journal of acquired immune deficiency syndrome not the june issue as stated
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lipemic serum from three patients with acute one and type iv hyperlipemia was fractionated into verylowdensity lipoproteins and clear serum amylase activity determined by the phadebas method in the component fractions did not exceed that in the original lipemic SS addition of these fractions or vldl and CMs from asymptomatic patients with hyperlipemia to nonlipemic serum from patients with routine AP did not inhibit amylase activity or alter the electrophoretic mobility of amylase isoenzymes therefore the normal amylase activity often observed in hyperlipemic pancreatitis does not result from an inhibition of amylase activity by SS lipoproteins
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effect of tannoid principles emblicanin a emblicanin b punigluconin and pedunculagin of e officinalis was assessed on chronic unpredictable footshockinduced stressinduced perturbations in oxidative free radical scavanging enzymes in rat brain frontal cortex and striatum chronic stress administered over a period of days induced significant increase in rat BB frontal cortical and striatal superoxide dismutase sod activity concomitant with significant reduction in catalase cat and glutathione peroxidase gpx activity the changes in the enzyme activities was accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation in terms of augmented thiobarbituric acidreactive products administration of emblica tannoids and mg po for days concomitant with the AS procedure induced a doserelated alteration in the AS effects thus a tendency towards normalization of the activities of sod cat and gpx was noted in both the brain Az together with reduction in lipid peroxidation the results indicate that the reported antistress rasayana activity of e officinalis may be at least partly due to its tendency to normalize stressinduced perturbations in oxidative fresurements of catecholamines in the plasma and was measured in isolated HCs in vitro under normoxia by using TPS inhibitors of lactate proton symport alphacyanohydroxycinnamate chc and sodium proton exchange eipa the rise in VO2 in vivo can be elicited by infusions of hyperosmotic previous findings or isosmotic sodium lactate solutions this T0 despite previous findings of reduced metabolic stimulation under the effect of adrenergic blockers the increase in vo in vivo was not associated with elevated plasma catecholamine levels suggesting local release and effect in addition to the possible in vivo effect via catecholamines lactate induced a rise in vo of isolated HCs depending on the concentration present in a weakly buffered ringer solution at ph no increase was found at higher ph values or or in hepesbuffered ringer solution inhibition of the lach transporter with alphachc or of the nah exchanger with eipa prevented the increase in metabolic rate we conclude that increased vo at an elevated SVR lactate level may involve catecholamine action but it is also caused by an increased energy demand of cellular acidbase regulation via stimulation of nah exchange and thereby nakatpase the effect depends on entry of lactic acid into the cells via lactate proton symport which is likely favored by low cellular surface ph we suggest that these energetic costs should also be considered in other physiological phenomena eg when lactate is present during excess postexercise vo
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autoimmune cholangitis is an idiopathic disorder with mixed HCC and cholestatic findings our goal was to characterize the disease prospectively by application of uniform diagnostic criteria twenty patients were identified and compared with patients with conventional forms of autoimmune liver disease patients with AIC were distinguished from type AIH aih by lower serum C2 of aspartate transaminase ast gammaglobulin and immunoglobulin g higher SS C2 of alkaline phosphatase and lower frequencies of autoantibodies they were distinguished from primary biliary cirrhosis pbc by higher SS C2 of ast and bilirubin lower SS concentrations of immunoglobulin m and greater occurrence of autoantibodies their female predominance lower SS alkaline phosphatase C2 higher frequency of autoantibodies and absence of inflammatory bowel disease differentiated them from PSC psc laboratory findings ranged widely and did not characterize individual patients hla risk AF were similar to those of type aih and pbc and different from those of psc treatment responses to CSs or ursodeoxycholic acid were poor composite histological patterns resembled mainly pbc or psc we conclude that AIC diagnosed by prospective analysis cannot be assimilated into a single conventional diagnostic category it may represent variant forms of diverse conditions a transition stage or a separate entity with varying manifestations
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dobutaminestress and dipyridamolestress echocardiographies are widely used for pharmacological stress echocardiography with wide geographical variations
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in this T0 a gas chromatographic method is presented for the determination of calcium stearate after its conversion to stearic acid in a polymeric matrix a solution of HCl in propanol is used as an extracting solvent of calcium stearate and its converter to stearic acid for stearic acid preconcentration before its injection to a separation system a recently presented SE method dispersive liquidliquid microextraction using carbon tetrachloride as an extracting solvent is used finally microl of the organic phase collected at the bottom of a conical test tube T3 centrifuging is injected into a gas chromatograph gc for quantification this method has a relatively broad linear dynamic range mgl with a limit of detection lod of mgl for stearic acid in solution the lod of the proposed method in a polymeric sample using mg of CP is ppm as calcium stearate some ERP parameters such as the time and temperature of heating the concentration of HCl and the volume of distilled water were studied
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a year old woman with CLL one associated with CR autoimmune HA was successfully treated with splenic irradiation cobalt in the dose of gy was delivered to the SP considered sufficient for therapy of b lymphocyte callaphenotype there has been no recurrence of autoimmune HA over a followup period of months the mechanism of action of splenic irradiation is discussed this treatment might offer a simple and effective alternative to splenectomy in patients with steroidresistant HA when surgical T0 is contraindicated or refused
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the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the nitric oxide no system in ovarian function by determining if arginine arg supplementation impacts F2 number cell proliferation and expression of the no system members in nutritionally compromised ewes ewes were randomly assigned into maintenance c requirements excess o xc or restricted u xc diets weeks prior to arg treatment ewes were individually fed twice daily with pelleted diets ewes from each nutritional group were randomly assigned to one of two treatments saline or arg which was initiated on day of the estrous cycle and po times per day ovaries were collected at the earlyluteal midluteal and latelutealfollicular phases of the estrous cycle to determine the number of surface follicles follicle cell proliferation marked by ki protein expression and expression of EC nitric oxide enos nos and sGC beta sgc gucyb protein and mrna in granulosa g and theca t layers using immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis and qpcr respectively during nutritional treatment c maintained body weight o gained ± kg and u lost ± kg our data show that ki was expressed in all ovarian compartments enos protein was detected in blood vessels of t and stroma and sgc protein was detected in t cells and blood vessels of t layer and other ovarian compartments plane of nutrition affected the number of surface follicles and thus folliculogenesis cell proliferansensitive to endocrine therapy our work aim is to investigate the prognostic factor in the lbhn subgroup and meanwhile try to obtain an optimal prognostic index pi contrapose lbhn subgroup which helps to guide chemotherapy a total of female lbnh patients who underwent diagnosis and surgery at our hospitals from august to august were enrolled clinicalpathological information was obtained and immunohistochemistry result was available from these cases a ki li was employed to divide lbhn into two CG with low and high levels high ki li was associated with giii tumor grade p positive axillary CL NO aln status p and negative pr status p and also seemed to be related to tt tumor size p high ki level hr p positive aln hr p and pr negative hr p significantly associated with poor year dfs in multivariate coxs proportional hazard regression model a novel prognosis PM klppi based on ki li aln and pr status showed a better discriminatory ability compared with traditional NPI targeted to lbhn breast CA our T0 highlights that high ki li positive aln and negative pr status were associated with poor outcome in lbhn patients and composed by these prognostic AF klppi improves the prognostic assessment using the NPI when aiming at lbhn AT1
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the caenorhabditis elegans vulva has been a valuable paradigm for defining components of signaling pathways and elucidating how signaling events are coordinated to generate a developmental DP vulval precursor cells vpcs are induced to adopt vulval fates in the third larval stage by lin an egflike signal produced by the gonad competence to respond to the inductive signal requires that the vpcs do not fuse to the major hypodermal syncytium hyp we found that two wntencoding genes cwn and egl play a L1 role in preventing fusion of vpcs with hyp in the second larval stage by using tissuespecific rescue of migwntless which is required for the production of wnt ligands we found that wnt signal produced by multiple tissues including SN and muscles promotes or maintains vpc competence before vulval induction in addition through LA and genetic analysis we provide evidence that lin signal from the gonad also plays a significant role in preventing vpcs from fusing with hyp we propose that wnt signaling plays a permissive role in preventing vpcs from fusing with hyp and reevaluate the roles of wnt and linegf signaling in competence and induction
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the cytotoxicity of citrated gallium nitrate nsc to emtuw mouse sarcoma cells growing in vitro was assayed as growth inhibition in treated cultures as well as cell survival colonyforming ability T3 acute or chronic SE to graded doses gallium nitrate is both cytostatic and lethal to cells with some growth inhibition occurring T3 chronic SE to low doses microgramsml which kill essentially no cells cell kill and growth inhibition were both observed if cells were exposed for hr or more to doses greater than microgramsml the growth GABA and lethal effects of GN were enhanced by the addition of human transferrin to the medium this enhanced toxicity was consistent with and proportional to the increased gallium uptake in the presence of transferrin rather than a direct effect of this iron transport protein the addition of ferric citrate greatly reduced the toxic effect of the gallium salt cells in stationary plateau phase cultures appear to be as sensitive to GN as exponentially growing cells ga may mimic fe in some aspects of cellular metabolism and competition between the two metals occurs at the initial uptake step IB to transferrin and possibly at other points in cell metabolism
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isolated systolic hypertension is common in the elderly but decreasing systolic blood pressure sbp without lowering diastolic blood pressure dbp remains a therapeutic challenge although SMT in particular eliciting the relaxation response reduces essential hypertension its efficacy in treating isolated systolic hypertension has not been evaluated we conducted a doubleblind randomized trial comparing weeks of AS management specifically relaxation response training patients versus lifestyle modification control patients inclusion criteria were or years sbp mm hg dbp mm hg and at least two antihypertensive medications the primary outcome measure was change in sbp after weeks patients who achieved sbp mm hg and or mm hg reduction in sbp were eligible for additional weeks of training with supervised medication beta sbp decreased standard deviation sd and sd mm hg in relaxation response and control groups respectively both ps without group difference p dbp decreased sd and sd mm hg p and respectively without group difference p fortyfour in the EC50 response group and in the control group were eligible for supervised antihypertensive medication elimination T3 controlling for differences in characteristics at the start of medication elimination patients in the relaxation response group were more likely to successfully eliminate an antihypertensive medication odds ratio confidence interval p although both CG had similar reductions in sbp significantly more participants in the EC50 response group eliminated an antihypertensive medication while maintaining adequate blood pressure control
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NTs induce neuronal differentiation by IB to a subclass of ligandstimulated protein IMT kinase receptors and activating signal transduction pathways that mediate altered patterns of mRNA nerve growth factor ngf induced differentiation of pc pheochromocytoma cells is one of the major MM systems used to T0 neuronal differentiation in response to neurotrophins although epidermal growth factor egf does not induce pc cell differentiation ngf and egf activate many of the same signal transduction pathways and induce transcription of many of the same genes in pc cells we have now employed cdna representational difference analysis to identify four genes activityregulated CSK protein collagenase plasminogen activator inhibitor and vhmkp as genes preferentially induced withing hours by ngf in pc cells
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migrant farmworkers experience a high incidence of skin disease this report provides information on the case PH of cutaneous larva migrans in a latino migrant farmworker treatment options are reviewed and information for prevention is discussed
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tissue viscance vti the pressure drop across the lung tissues in phase with flow increases after induced constriction to gain information about the possible site of response we induced increases in vti with methacholine mch and attempted to correlate these changes with alterations in lung morphology we measured tracheal ptr and AM pressure pa in openchest rabbits during mechanical ventilation frequency hz tidal volume mlkg positive endexpiratory pressure peep cmho under control conditions and T3 administration of saline or mch or mgml aerosols we calculated lung elastance el lung resistance rl vti and airway resistance raw by fitting the equation of motion to changes in ptr and pa the lungs were then frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen peep cmho excised and processed using freeze substitution techniques airway constriction was assessed by measuring the ratio of the airway lumen a to the ideally relaxed area ar tissue distortion was assessed by measuring the mean linear intercept between alveolar walls lm the standard deviation of lm sdlm and an atelectasis index ati derived by calculating the ratio of tissue to air space using computer image analysis rl vti and el were significantly increased after mch and raw was unchanged aar lm sdlm and ati all changed significantly with mch lognormalized NC of baseline in vti significantly correlated with aar r lm r sdlm r and ati r hence changes in lung tissue mechanics correlated with changes in morphometric indexes of PC distortion and airway constrictionabstract truncated at words
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tumorinduced neovascularization is essential for invasion metastases and exponential growth of solid tumors the authors studied the differences in macromolecular leakage from the neovasculature of a fastgrowing earlymetastasizing RT the walker CS and a slowgrowing nonmetastasizing tumor a rat CS a mm piece of the walker carcinoma or the CS was implanted in the cremaster muscle of rats five days T3 surgery the cremaster muscle with the implanted tumor was placed in a special bath containing krebs solution such that the circulation and SN from the animal to the cremaster were IN fluorescein isothiocyanatelabeled rat SS albumin fitcrsa was i.a. into each rat to permit visualization of the vasculature by fluorescent microscopy a closedcircuit television system was used to quantitate macromolecular leakage as a NC in interstitial fluorescent intensity data are given as a relative FI mean standard error of the mean in an area of the cremaster with tumorinduced neovascularization these studies demonstrated that the vasculature induced by rapidly growing walker CS leak Al freely when compared with the vasculature induced by the slowgrowing CS furthermore there was a significant increase in fluorescent intensity albumin leakage in the walker tumor from minute to T2 in the normal cremaster area there was a significantly lower fluorescent intensity in the interstitium and a very slight increase with time at minute vs at minutes one interpretation of these data is that the mechanisms responsible for protein leakage from the vasculature of the walker RT may be involved in the fast growth and metastases of this RT as compared with slowergrowing tumors such as the chondrosarcoma
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CA of sodiumlithium countertransport have been extensively implicated in AD primary hypertension and a relationship between sodiumlithium countertransport and family PH of hypertension in children has been previously found more recently it has been suggested that increased sodiumlithium countertransport may play a part in the pathogenesis of nephropathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus iddm children and adolescents with iddm and their family members were studied in those with iddm n median age years range years there was no relationship between sodiumlithium countertransport range mmoll red blood cellshour and age blood pressure as expressed by systolic or diastolic sd scores glycated haemoglobin serum lipids or intracellular sodium concentration a positive relationship rs was found between SLC and early morning urinary Al to urinary creatinine ratio uauc expressed as the logarithm of the geometric mean of two consecutive samples for each individual range mgmmol SLC was increased in those with iddm compared with their nondiabetic siblings in a paired analysis n there was no relationship between uauc in the children with diabetes and sodiumlithium countertransport in their parents these studies in this population of diabetic children indicate that increased sodiumlithium countertransport may play a part in the early stages of the OD of nephropathy in iddm
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chronic posttraumatic headache cph is a complex clinical entity the clinical features of cph are variable and may resemble those of primary headaches migraine tensiontype HA or CH as well as of cervicogenic headache therefore the treatment must be individualized according to the headache type there were few studies addressing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment in patients with cph
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the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans nudc gene has an essential function in movement of nuclei following mitosis and is required for normal colony growth here the molecular cloning and role in hematopoiesis of a human gene designated hnudc rat to a nidulans nudc is reported the amino terminus of the larger human protein hnudc kda does not overlap with a nidulans nudc kda however nudc and the cterminal amino acids of hnudc are MZ the cterminal region of the hnudc gene fully complements the a nidulans temperaturesensitive nudc mutation suggesting that nudc has an essential CF in cell growth that is conserved from filamentous fungi to humans in initial studies hnudc C2 were much higher in erythroid precursors compared to most other human tissues therefore the potential role of hnudc in hematopoiesis was explored in normal human bone marrow hnudc protein and mrna are highly expressed in early myeloid and erythroid precursors and decline as these cells terminally differentiate to determine whether HGF induce hnudc expression tf cells were stimulated by granulocytemacrophage colonystimulating factor this induced a significant increase in hnudc protein and hnudc mrna suggesting that enhancement of hnudc expression in response to growth factor stimulation may be mediated at the transcription level furthermore hnudc was significantly enhanced in lysates of bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic one compared to aspirates from normal controls suggesting that hnudc is involved in malignant hematopoietic cell growth as well these data demonstrate that hnudc is highly expressed in normal and malignant human hematopoietic precursors and suggest it is of functional importance in the proliferation of these cells
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the molecular mechanisms by which rna viruses induce apoptosis and apoptosisassociated pathology are not fully understood here we show that flock house virus fhv one of the simplest rna viruses family nodaviridae induces robust apoptosis of permissive drosophila line dl cells to define the pathway by which fhv triggers apoptosis in this model invertebrate system we investigated the potential role of drosophila apoptotic effectors during infection suggesting the involvement of host caspases the pancaspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonylvalalaaspfluromethylketone zvadfmk prevented fhvinduced cytoparm and beneficial for aesthetics and patients morbidity however studies objectively analyzing the position in the bone of implants installed with this approach are lacking this in vitro MM study was performed to analyse deviations in position and inclination of implants placed with flapless surgery compared with the ideally planned position and to examine whether the outcome is affected by experience level
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in this pilot T0 of the effects of interferon alfa in antihiv positive CH b patients treated with zidovudine azt tolerance to interferon was good and similar to that in antihiv negative patients T3 treatment the hiv stage and cd lymphocyte count were unchanged in two patients hepatitis b virus hbvdna and SH b e antigen hbeag disappeared and the serum alanine aminotransferase alt returned to normal loss of hepatitis b surface antigen hbsag with absence of histopathological activity was observed after treatment in one of these patients these preliminary results need to be confirmed by a larger study
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a system was developed to expose macrophages to PE in vitro SE of macrophages to these particles in isolation led to the PR of RT necrosis factor alpha and prostaglandin e SE of macrophages in coculture with osteoblasts to PE particles increased the PR of prostaglandin e and also led to the release of interleukin incubation of radiolabelled calvariae with conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to PE particles CT or to particles in coculture with OBs led to bone resorption reflected by release of ca incubation with pamidronate was ERP in inhibiting resorption stimulated by CS medium from macrophages exposed to these particles alone or in coculture with OBs this demonstrates that pamidronate or other BPs may be effective in inhibiting bone resorption at the implantbone interface in association with the macrophage response to particulate polyethylene further investigation into the possible use of pamidronate or other BPs in the treatment of aseptic loosening is warranted
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purpose stereotactic body radiotherapy sbrt may stimulate innate and adaptive immunity to augment immunotherapy response multisite sbrt is an emerging paradigm for treating metastatic disease antipdtreatment outcomes may be improved with lower disease burden in this context we conducted a phase i T0 to evaluate the safety of pembrolizumab with multisite sbrt in patients with metastatic solid PT patients and methods patients progressing on standard treatment received sbrt to two to four metastases not all metastases were targeted and metastases ml were partially irradiated sbrt dosing varied by site and ranged from to gy in three to five fractions with predefined dose deescalation if excess doselimiting toxicities were observed pembrolizumab was initiated within days after completion of sbrt pre and postsbrt biopsy specimens were analyzed in a subset of patients to quantify interferonγinduced mRNA results a total of patients were enrolled three patients did not receive any treatment and three patients only received sbrt patients included in the analysis were treated with sbrt and at least one cycle of pembrolizumab most of patients received sbrt to two metastases median followup for toxicity was months IQ range to months six patients experienced doselimiting toxicities with no radiation dose reductions in the patients with imaging followup the overall objective response rate was median overall survival was months ci months to undetermined and median progressionfree survival was months ci thould maintain a normal calcium diet and if stones persist citrate therapy or thiazide diuretics in the setting of hypercalciuria may be indicated
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a main structure of the rat sperm tail is a structure known as the outer dense fibers whose molecular composition as well as their CF are still mostly unknown we report here the isolation and characterization of new cdnas odf that identifies a highly VL gene locus encoding outer dense fiber proteins transcription of odf is restricted to testis and more specifically to round spermatids transcription starts in step spermatids which coincides with transcription of the L1 outer dense fiber MRP odf burmester s and hoyerfender s mol reprod dev and with the formation of the sperm tail affinitypurified antiodf antibodies identified isolated ODF immunocytochemically and detected at least three protein bands in the molecular mass range of to da in total odf protein S9 presence of several protein bands correlates with the presence of several transcripts and the isolation of slightly different cdna clones whereas southern blot hybridization does not indicate the presence of multiple genes computer analyses of the structure of the encoded odf protein revealed an overall alphahelical structure with two regions MZ to the dimerization region of the leucine zipper motif
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carbon labeled sodium orthophenylphenate sopp was incubated with purified microsomes isolated from rat liver during this incubation macromolecular IB of radioactivity mmb was observed mmb was dependent upon the presence of both active microsomes and nadp in vivo studies of mmb were also conducted mmb was measured in the liver kidney and bladder of male f rats administered sopp to mmkg or orthophenylphenol opp to mmkg the C2 of mmb were not linearly related to po dose disproportionate increases in mmb were observed in each tissue C2 of to mmkg of sopp disproportionate increases in mmb in CL and bladder tissue were also observed with opp at somewhat higher doses these studies indicate that the intermediates produced by the oxidative pathway for metabolism of sopp and opp are capable of IB to biological macromolecules the disproportionate increases in mmb observed in vivo T3 high doses are probably associated with saturation of the primary conjugative metabolic pathway for sopp and opp metabolism
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the kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshvhhv is associated with kaposis sarcoma ks as well as PELs pel the expression of viral proteins capable of inactivating the p tumor suppressor protein has been implicated in kshv oncogenesis however dnadamaging drugs such as doxorubicin are clinically efficacious against pel and ks suggesting that p signaling remains IN despite the presence of kshv to investigate the functionality of p in pel we examined the response of a large number of pel cell lines to doxorubicin two out of seven pel cell lines harbored a mutant p S2 bcbl and bcp which led to doxorubicin resistance in contrast all other pel containing wildtype p showed dna damageinduced cell cycle arrest p phosphorylation and p target gene activation these data imply that pmediated dna damage signaling was IN supporting this finding chemical inhibition of p signaling in pel led to doxorubicin resistance and chemical activation of p by the hdm antagonist nutlin led to unimpaired induction of p target genes as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis
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at the time of acute presentation children with carnitine deficiency may have increased free HFA concentrations and hypoglycemia however whether carnitine replacement affects the plasma concentration of these substrates remains to be determined therefore to evaluate the effect of carnitine replacement on plasma ATP and hormone concentrations five children with carnitine deficiency two idiopathic two secondary to longchain acyl coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency one AA to isovaleric acidemia were fasted overnight before and after treatment with oral carnitine mgkgday during carnitine supplementation plasma total carnitine versus nmolml pretreatment versus treatment respectively and free carnitine versus nmolml as well as red blood cell total carnitine versus nmolmg of hemoglobin increased p less than fasting plasma glucose versus mgdl and ketone body and mm concentrations did not NC with carnitine supplementation but plasma free fatty acids versus mm decreased p less than no differences in fasting insulin growth hormone or cortisol concentrations were observed urinary excretion of free carnitine versus mumolmg creatinine TC versus mumolmg creatinine and acyl carnitine versus mumolmg creatinine increased p less than with carnitine supplementation the decreased plasma free fatty acid concentrations with carnitine supplementation may be due to more efficient HFA oxidation andor increased urinary excretion of fatty acids as acylcarnitines
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ATLS atls is accepted as the standard for the first hours of trauma care however atls is designed primarily for adults in children VA can be difficult and timeconsuming due to the differences in the epidemiology of children suffering traumatic injury they may not require aggressive fluid resuscitation the objective of the study was to establish predictors of fluid resuscitation and to determine whether all pediatric level i trauma victims require two intravenous catheters medical charts of all patients aged years meeting level i trauma criteria who presented to childrens hospital los angeles chla between january and december were retrospectively reviewed there were patients reviewed with a median age of years range months to years were boys the MOI was motor VH crash fall crush gunshot and knife injuries included closed head penetrating abdomenchest and other vital signs over time showed no change in got better in and got worse in fluid resuscitation included no bolus in bolus in boluses in boluses in the icu admitted were intubated survival was and received a prehospital iv the iv site antecubital hand foot femoral the iv site hand antecubital foot none t test showed no statistically significant differences in fluid resuscitation or second iv placement based on the mechanism of injury t test for unequal variances showed a statistically significant difference in means with p for second iv placement as compared with only iv fluid amount age and injury PSS iss RTS was the only predictor of worsening of vital signs logistic regression lr p age was the only predictor of second iv placement lr p iss was the only predictor of a bolus being given lr p in our T0 blunt trauma occurred in of children with requiring fluid bolus iss was the only predictor of the need for fluid resuscitation and is not likely to be helpful in the clinical setting in our population nearly had no second iv this preliminary review of the nature of pediatric trauma suggests that atls guidelines may not always be appropriate for the management of pediatric trauma
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sGC was found to be phosphorylated by protein kinase c in IN pc pheochromocytoma cells the phosphate incorporation into guanylate cyclase upon addition of phorbol omyristate acetate pma to pc cells in culture coincided with an increased intracellular cgmp level a strong rho between phosphate incorporation into guanylate cyclase and increased cgmp level was also observed by timechibitory effect on the IT was also dependent on the holding potential the ca current after a low holding potential was inhibited to a greater extent than that after a high membrane potential the ic values were microm and microm at holding potentials of mv and mv respectively the ca current elicited from a holding potential of mv could not be reduced by as much as of the control by trimebutine at concentrations as high as microm trimebutine microm shifted the voltagedependent inactivation curve for the ca current by mv in the negative direction the affinity of the drug for ca channels was calculated to be times higher in the inactivated state than in the closedavailable state blockade of the ca current by trimebutine unlike verapamil was not usedependent the results suggest that trimebutine inhibits the voltagedependent inward IT through a preferential IB to ICa in the inactivated state in the smooth muscle cell from rabbit ileum the GABA effect of trimebutine on gastrointestinal motility is discussed in the light of the present findings
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the main molecule of the title methanol solvate chclno·choh exists in the keto form and the co and nh bonds are mutually cis in the crystal structure the dihedral angle between the quinoline and BZ rings is ° a bifurcated intramolecular nhâ¯on hydrogen bond is ults of the antibacterial activity as indicated by zone of growth inhibition ranged from to mm for the crude ethanol extracts and chloroform fractions of the vernonia species being studied the activity of chloroform fraction of v blumeoides was higher on c ulcerans and k pneumoniae mm while the chloroform fractions of v oocephala and v ambigua were more AS on p mirabilis mm and s typhi mm respectively it is worth of mention that the chloroform fractions of the three vernonia species demonstrated activity mm against mrsa the minimum inhibitory concentration mic values ranged from mgml for all the organisms tested the mic of mgml exhibited by the chloroform fractions on both gram positive and negative bacteria indicates broad spectrumactivity of the vernonia species being studied phytochemical screening of the extractsfractions revealed the presence of steroidsterpenes saponins flavonoids alkaloids tannins and glycosides the antibacterial activity exhibited in this T0 may be attributed to flavonoids saponinss or sesquiterpene lactones the overall results indicate that the extractsfractions are potent antibacterial S9 at least in vitro this lends credence to the use of these plants for the treatment of various infectious diseases
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patients with knee and hip joints osteoarthrosis with concomitant urinary infection andor irritable colon syndrome were randomized into three groups group patients received doxicyclin mgday with nistatine for three weeks with week interval between the courses and bifidumbacterin administration between the courses and T3 the TG patients received biseptol mg for weeks then mg days a month group patients consisted of controls who received no antibacterial drugs the effect was assessed upon randomization weeks and months T3 the treatment it was established that antibacterial treatment not only att dysuria and dyspepsia but also had a significant positive effect on osteoarthrosis especially in patients with xray stage ii allowed to reduce doses of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs further studies will help specify the role of the infection factor in OD of osteoarthrosis and potential of antibacterial treatment
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the authors used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging hmrsi to assess potential reductions of NAA a marker of neuronal integrity in the hippocampal area and DL prefrontal SC of patients with schizophreniform disorder in addition they assessed the relationship between nacetylaspartate C2 and working SM deficits
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a growing number of screening applications require the automated monitoring of cell populations in a highthroughput highcontent environment these applications depend on accurate cell tracking of individual cells that display various behaviors including mitosis merging rapid movement and entering and leaving the field of view many approaches to cell tracking have been developed in the past but most are quite complex require extensive postprocessing and are parameter intensive to overcome such issues we present a general consistent and extensible tracking approach that explicitly models cell behaviors in a graphtheoretic FR we introduce a way of extending the standard minimumcost flow algorithm to account for mitosis and merging events through a coupling operation on particular edges we then show how the resulting graph can be efficiently solved using algorithms such as linear programming to choose the edges of the graph that observe the constraints while leading to the lowest overall cost this tracking algorithm relies on accurate denoising and segmentation steps for which we use a waveletbased approach that is able to accurately segment cells even in images with very low contrasttonoise in addition the framework is able to measure and correct for TSM defocusing and stage shift we applied the algorithms on nearly images of cells representing tracks taken from five separate datasets each composed of multiple wells our algorithm was able to segment and track cells and detect different cell behaviors with an accuracy of over this overall FR enables accurate quantitative analysis of cell events and provides a valuable tool for highthroughput biological studies
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the neuroform ez stent system is a fourth generation IA stent that utilizes an integrated navigation guidewire while designed to facilitate stent delivery the guidewire can rarely impede proper positioning of the stent in this technical case report severing the guidewire from the stent delivery system with surgical scissors was required for successful stent implantation
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clinical studies of large human populations and pharmacological interventions in rodent models have recently suggested that antihypertensive drugs that target angiotensin ii ang ii activity may also reduce loss of bone mineral density here we identified in a genetic screening the ang ii type i receptor atr as a potential determinant of osteogenic differentiation and implicitly bone formation silencing of atr expression by rna interference severely impaired the maturation of a multipotent mesenchymal cell line w along the OB lineage the same effect was also observed T3 the addition of the atr antagonist losartan but not the atr inhibitor pd additional CC assays traced the time of greatest losartan action to the early stages of w differentiation namely during cell proliferation indeed addition of ang ii increased proliferation of differentiating w and primary mesenchymal stem cells and this stimulation was reversed by losartan treatment cells treated with losartan also displayed an appreciable decrease of activated phosphorylatedsmad proteins moreover ang ii treatment elevated endogenous transforming growth factor β tgfβ expression considerably and in an atrdependent manner finally exogenous tgfβ was able to restore high proliferative activity to w cells that were treated with both ang ii and losartan collectively these results suggest a novel mechanism of ang ii action in bone metabolism that is mediated by tgfβ and targets proliferation of osteoblast progenitors
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alterations of blood flow and endothelial CF precede development of complications in type diabetes the effects of HG on V1 function in early type diabetes are poorly understood to investigate the effect of HG on forearm V1 resistance fvr and EC function in adolescents with type diabetes fvr was measured before and T3 T2 of upper arm arterial occlusion using VO plethysmography in fasted state euglycemic state mgdl using mummin insulin infusion and hyperglycemic state mgdl in adolescents with type diabetes endothelial CF was assessed by the NC in fvr following occlusion seven subjects returned for a repeat T0 with hyperglycemia replaced by euglycemia preocclusion fvr decreased from euglycemia to hyperglycemia p postocclusion fall in fvr during HG was less than during euglycemia p these findings were not reproduced when hyperglycemia was replaced with a second euglycemia these results demonstrate that acute HG causes vasodilation and alters endothelial CF in adolescents with type diabetes in addition they have implications for future studies of EC CF in type diabetes and provide insight into the etiology of macrovascular and microvascular complications of type diabetes
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the aim of this paper is to test implantation outcomes and osteogenic tau of plasma microarc oxidation maotreated titanium implants in dogs thirtysix pure titanium implants maotreated UT were inserted into the mandibles of nine adult beagles and allowed to heal under nonweightbearing conditions implant stability and interface characteristics were evaluated at and weeks postimplantation methods included SEM microscopy mechanical testing histological analysis and computerquantified tissue morphology osseointegration was achieved in both CG but occurred earlier and more extensively in the mao group Az of direct boneimplant contact were approximately nine times higher in the mao group than in the control group at weeks versus respectively p boneimplant shear strength in the mao group and mpa at weeks and respectively was higher than in the control group and mpa at weeks and respectively at all assessments all p mao treatment of titanium implants promotes more rapid formation of new bone and increases boneimplant shear strength compared to untreated titanium implants
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a facile selective and highly sensitive method is proposed for colorimetric detection of manganese ions using mercaptobenzoic acid mba used by other systems to facilitate a variety of social cognitive processes such as social searches previous research on social searches has primarily involved contexts where targets were presented in isolation typical environments however contain targets and nontargets and one must select the correct information for task completion to gain insight into the processes underlying social searches participants completed negative priming tasks alone and in pairs results indicated that there were no differences in the NP effects resulting from the participants observed or performed the preceding selection task further the correlations between individual and joint negative priming suggest that similar processes were G1 on these tasks the findings support the corepresentation hypothesis and provide insight into the processes underlying selection in individual and social settings
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research has identified a relationship between socialemotional problems and motor impairment in both preschool and schoolage children the aim of the current study was to determine how motor performance in infancy and early childhood is related to C2 of anxious and depressive symptomatology at age years fifty participants were assessed by their parents times between the ages of months and years using the ages and stages questionnaire asq and once between the age of and years using the child behavior checklist cbcl the asq scores were used to obtain the stability variance of fine and gross motor performance once gestational age sex and age of testing were taken into account the stability of gross motor scores predicted both the anxietydepression measure and the anxious score from the cbcl it appears that how variable a young childs gross motor development is from months to years predicts th drugs aeds affect hormones and NE systems which may result in a change in the seizure threshold catamenial epilepsy or in comorbidities including SD reproductive dysfunction and CA in bone health catamenial epilepsy occurs commonly in women with epilepsy the most commonly reported and studied mechanism proposed to explain why some women have a catamenial seizure exacerbation relates to cyclic changes in reproductive steroid hormones women and men with epilepsy have a higher than expected prevalence of SD the epilepsy syndrome and localization influence the presentation of SD reproductive dysfunction occurs in both men and women with epilepsy as with sexual dysfunction both the epilepsy syndrome and TPS aeds influence the presentation of reproductive dysfunction persons with epilepsy have an increased risk of fracture AA to decreased bone mineral density bmd altered bone SQ and a propensity to fall because of either seizures or SE of medication some aeds are associated with abnormalities in bmd and bone and mineral metabolism
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macrobrachium rosenbergii is the most economically important of the cultured freshwater crustacean species yet there is currently a deficiency in genomic and transcriptomic information for research requirements in this study we present an in silico analysis of neuropeptide genes within the female m rosenbergii eyestalk CNS system and ovary we could confidently predict preproneuropeptide transcripts including those that encode bursicons crustacean cardioactive peptide crustacean hyperglycemic hormones eclosion hormone pigmentdispersing hormones diuretic hormones NPF neuroparsins sifamide and sulfakinin these transcripts are most prominent within the eyestalk and CNS system transcript tissue distribution as determined by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of selected neuropeptide genes of interest mainly in the nervous tissues while others were additionally present in the nonnervous tissues liquid chromatographymass spectrometry analysis of eyestalk peptides confirmed the presence of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone F0 this data set provides a strong foundation for further studies into the functional roles of neuropeptides in m rosenbergii and will be especially helpful for developing methods to improve crustacean aquaculture
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tln is a farnesylated dibenzodiazepinone isolated from micromonospora sp with an antiproliferative effect on several human cancer cell lines although the mechanism of action of tln is unknown our earlier work indicated that tln binds the pbr peripheral benzodiazepine receptor more recently known as the translocator protein or tspo an kda protein associated with the MPT mpt pore while the exact function of the pbr remains a matter of debate it has been implicated in heme and steroid synthesis cellular growth and differentiation oxygen consumption and apoptosis using the jurkat immortalized tlymphocyte cell line documented to have negligible pbr expression and jurkat cells stably transfected with a human pbr cdna the present study demonstrates that tln induces apoptosis independently of pbr expression as pbrs are overexpressed in brain tumors compared to normal brain we examined if tln would preferentially aab activity is partly reversible by overexpression of the histone acetylase pcrebbinding proteinassociated factor in conclusion klf may act as a counterregulatory transcription factor in pneumococci and pattern recognition receptorrelated proinflammatory activation of lung cells thereby preventing lung hyperinflammation and subsequent OF
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a novel method was proposed to predict the t1/2 of cephalosporins from plasma protein IB unbound fraction f and fraction of the dose excreted into urine f on the basis of the following four assumptions the drug is only distributed to the ECF the bound fraction of the drug in plasma is independent of the plasma drug concentration the IB protein of the drug is Al the unbound drug in plasma is excreted by the glomerular filtration and the contribution of AS secretion and reabsorption is negligible the vsss and t betas of mt one of cephalosporins in rabbits dogs and healthy human subjects were well predicted whereas in rats the prediction of the both values was failed the t betas of various cephalosporins in HS were calculated from f and f in reasonably good PA with the observed ones except for some cephalosporins which have been reported to be secreted actively in the renal tubules thus the comparison of the calculated t betas with the observed ones makes it possible to presume the renal excretion mechanism moreover this method will be applicable to other drugs which satisfy the above four assumptions
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leukemia inhibitory factor lif is a singlechain polypeptide that previously was shown in mice to produce hypercalcemia and influence skeletal growth and turnover we performed doseresponse studies to determine if lif alters the serum calcium or histomorphometry of the tibia in growing male rats forty animals were divided into five groups of eight animals each recombinant human lif or microg g body wt or vehicle was administered daily sc for weeks compared with controls it was found that lif increased mean SS calcium at the two highest doses versus mgdl p by oneway analysis of variance anova but did not alter static or dynamic measurements of histomorphometry or length of the tibia we conclude that in growing rats high systemic concentrations of lif result in hypercalcemia with no changes in bone turnover
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the effects of three potent serotonin ht agonists with different structures and ht receptor IB profiles on sympathoadrenomedullary and hypothalamopituitaryadrenocortical axis functions were assessed in conscious freely moving SD rats the hta agonist hydroxydinpropylaminotetralin ohdpat the htc agonist mchlorophenylpiperazine mcpp and the hthtc agonist dimethoxyiodophenylaminopropane doi all produced marked dosedependent increases in plasma epinephrine and acth concentrations both EN and acth responses peaked at min and showed strong positive correlations across all drugs and doses studied corticosterone increases showed a saturable response DP and were close to the maximum level with a relatively small approximately fold increase in plasma acth concentrations NE showed small dosedependent increases T3 ohdpat and mcpp and decreases T3 doi treatment these results suggest that both the sympathoadrenomedullary system and the HPA axis can be activated via ht and ht receptors and that these two systems may have common or similar RII mechanisms triggered by these stimuli
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a variety of cast options are available for the nonsurgical treatment of distal radius fractures drf in adults however the literature is inconclusive regarding the need to immobilize the elbow joint T3 reduction in order to prevent rotation of the forearm in order to maintain the reduction of drf this T0 aimed to evaluate the best method of immobilization between aboveelbow ae and belowelbow be cast groups at the end of sixmonth followup
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circulating micrornas mirna have been described in patients with adrenocortical PT but the expression of mirnas in nonfunctioning and cortisolproducing PT has not been yet compared therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of plasma extracellular vesicle evassociated micrornas in patients with nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenoma nfa cortisolproducing HPA adenoma cpa and cortisolproducing adrenocortical carcinoma cpacc
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GO that was partially purified from pea leaves was inactivated in vitro by blue CS in the presence of fmn inactivation was greatly retarded in the absence of o under aerobic conditions ho was formed the presence of catalase gsh or dithiothreitol protected glycolate oxidase against photoinactivation less efficient protection was provided by ascorbate histidine tryptophan or edta the presence of superoxide dismutase or of hydroxyl radical scavengers had no or only minor effects glutathione suppressed ho accumulation and was Ox in the presence of GO in blue light GO was also inactivated in the presence of a superoxidegenerating system or by ho in darkness in intact leaves photoinactivation of GO was not observed however when catalase was inactivated by the application of aminotriazole or depleted by PE to cycloheximide a strong photoinactivation of glycolate oxidase was also seen in leaves in vivo blue and RL were similarly effective furthermore glycolate oxidase was photoinactivated in leaves when the endogenous gsh was depleted by the application of buthionine sulfoximine both catalase and antioxidants in particular gsh appear to be essential for the protection of GO in the peroxisomes in vivo
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a yearold man was admitted to our department due to arthralgia and renal dysfunction a PCS examination disclosed swelling of the RA shoulder and left wrist joints laboratory tests showed elevated serum igg and creatinine levels and magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist revealed bone erosion and synovitis in addition fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed uptake in the SM PG pancreas kidneys and affected joints and a renal biopsy revealed tubulointerstitial nephritis with the infiltration of igg plasma cells the patient was subsequently diagnosed with iggrelated disease iggrd and successfully treated with corticosteroid therapy this case suggests that erosive ICA may occur in patients with iggrd
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it has been shown that the NI of carbohydrate chocontaining beverages under resting conditions may lead to a rebound hypoglycemia and decreased performance when exercise is performed thereafter the aim of the present investigation was to T0 the effect of cho beverage consumption with different cho sources and different concentrations during warmingup under practicelike circumstances on the regulation of blood gl during exercise eighteen highly trained cyclists consumed a standardized breakfast at am and performed a warmingup procedure at am for min warmingup was followed by a min break T3 which the subjects cycled for min at a HR rate of during warmingup a chocontaining beverage either SU fructose maltodextrin or glucose or a PL was consumed in random order the test was performed twice with ml and ml intake to study a possible DR effect the results of the study showed that warmingup and final exercise lead to an increase of the catecholamines and a decrease of insulin during the min break this response was reversed glucose and maltodextrin induced the same insulin response increasing volume and higher cho concentrations induced a longer increase in blood gl level compared with the PL NI the results showed that NI of chocontaining beverages during warmingup followed by a small break does not lead to rebound hypoglycemia independent of the amount of cho ingested but instead increases blood gl
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acute myocardial infarction ami is one of the leading causes of death in the us while HRV hrv has been widely studied for ischemia PCD the changes in cardiac contractility R2 have not yet been explored this paper presents novel variability analysis using linear and nonlinear measures during myocardial ischemia multiple physiologic measures of cardiac +dP/dt and HR rate variability are analyzed and compared before and T3 acute PD occlusion in a swine model change in the spread of the poincare plot of rr intervals was highly negatively correlated with the change in contractility reflective of ischemia r p the NC in approximate entropy of the s HR sound intensity was also highly correlated r p with the change in +dP/dt due to ischemia these preliminary results show the potential utility of nonlinear measures of R2 to detect changes in the autonomic tone due to ischemia these parameters if measured continuously may be used for early detection of ami events in patients with implantable devices further research in a larger clinical study is warranted to confirm these findings
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this is a case of an year old female patient with MG who following treatment with human normal immunoglobulin tegeline® developed dyspnoea CP without cardiac insufficiency inverted t wave on ecg with slight increase in troponine t ngml ngml normal value in our hospital and marked increase in probnp nlâ¤pgml for an age greater than years old her coronary angiogram showed hypokinesia of apical area but was otherwise normal also mri ruled out inflammatory and ischemic cardiac diseases the most likely diagnosis for us was takotsubo syndrome in relation with injection of human normal immunoglobulin tegeline® according to the mayo clinic criteria
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pigmentation is a significant determinant of individual susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma with fair skinned subjects at highest risk of developing this neoplasm melanocortin receptor mcr gene variants alter pigment synthesis in vivo and are causally associated with red hair and fair skin in humans mcr variants are more frequent in subjects with melanoma and increase the risk of developing this tumour in sporadic and familial cases mcr variants may predispose to melanoma as a result of alterations in skin pigmentation which affords less protection against incident ultraviolet radiation however melanoma cells synthesize and release MSH alphamsh the ligand for mcr therefore mcr SCV could alter the autocrine effects of alphamsh on melanoma cell behaviour thereby affecting early melanoma OD and progression via nonpigmentary mechanisms bgf melanoma cells which are functionally null at mcr were stably transfected with wild type and variant argcys argtrp and asphis human mcr at similar mc receptor numbers per cell alphamsh increased intracellular camp in wild type mcr transfected melanoma cells but the camp response was compromised in the variant mcr transfected clones in growth inhibition experiments alphamsh significantly reduced growth of wild type mcr transfected cells but had no effect on cells transfected with variant mcr in addition binding to fibronectin was significantly reduced by alphamsh in the wild type transfectants whereas this was not observed in the variant transfected clones binding to laminin was not affected by alphamsh in this cell line these results provide evidence for differences in melanoma cell behaviour secondary to mcr variants and suggest an alternative nonpigmentary mechanism whereby mcr SCV could modify melanoma susceptibility or progression
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the huge amount of information that needs to be assimilated in order to keep pace with the continued advances in modern medical practice can form an insurmountable obstacle to the individual clinician within radiology the recent development of quantitative imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging and the development of imagingbased biomarkers in modern therapeutic assessment has highlighted the need for computer systems to provide the radiological community with support for academic as well as clinicaltranslational applications this article provides an overview of the underlying design and functionality of radiological decision support systems with examples tracing the OD and evolution of such systems over the past years more importantly we discuss the TPS design performance and usage characteristics that previous systems have highlighted as being necessary for clinical uptake and routine use additionally we have identified particular failings in our current methodologies for data dissemination within the medical domain that must be overcome if the next generation of decision support systems is to be implemented successfully
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the aim of this study is to determine the effect of repeated bouts of local skin heating on the roles of nitric oxide synthase nos and sympathetic SN in cutaneous vasodilatation in repeatedheating protocols skin blood flux of the forearm and leg was measured using laserdoppler flowmetry and data are presented as cutaneous vascular conductance cvc fluxblood pressure local heating was performed from °c thermoneutral to °c at °c·s allowed to cool passively for min then reheated at the same rate in protocol cvc was measured in response to repeated heating in protocol nos was inhibited with ngnitrolarginine methyl ester lname and in protocol sympathetic nerve blockade was achieved with BT bt both infused via intradermal microdialysis in protocol there were no differences p in cvc at either the forearm ± vs ±max or the leg ± vs ±max between heating bouts in protocol no differences p in cvc were observed between heating bouts at lname treated CS at either the forearm ± vs ±max or the leg ± vs ±max in protocol there were differences p between bt treated CS when comparing the first and second bouts of heating for both the forearm ± vs ±max and the leg ± vs ±max the effect of sympathetic blockade on cvc responses to local heating was abolished following repeated bouts of heating consequently it is our suggestion that when examining mechanisms of skin blood flow control investigators use single bouts of local heatih the increasing gap in medical costs and health inequalities prevalent across many nations although we have entered an era of postgenomics we are still in infancy in terms of personalized preventive research personalized preventive research has and will continue to improve with advancements in the use of biomarkers and risk assessment more evidence based on welldesigned epidemiologic studies is required to provide comprehensive preventive medical care based on genetic and nongenetic profile data the realization of personalized preventive research requires building of evidence through appropriate methodology verification of results through translational studies as well as development and application of prediction models
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previous studies suggest significant differences between navigating virtual environments in a lifelike walking manner ie using treadmills or walkinplace techniques and virtual navigation ie flying while really standing the latter option which usually involves handcentric devices eg joysticks is the most common in virtual realitybased studies mostly due to low costs less space and technology demands however recently new interaction devices originally conceived for videogames have become available offering interesting potentialities for research this T0 aimed to explore the potentialities of the nintendo wii balance board as a navigation interface in a virtual environment presented in an immersive virtual reality system comparing participants performance while engaged in a simulated emergency egress allows determining the adequacy of such alternative navigation interface on the basis of empirical results forty university students participated in this T0 results show that participants were more efficient when performing navigation tasks using the joystick than with the balance board however there were no significantly differences in the behavioral compliance with exit signs therefore this study suggests that at least for tasks similar to the studied the balance board have good potentiality to be used as a navigation interface for virtual reality systems
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choline xylyl ether bromide tm prevents contraction of the nictitating membrane and of the SP in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation it was confirmed that this effect was due to prevention of the PR of noradrenaline sympathin at the nerve endings the intravenous injection of cocaine before choline xylyl ether blocked the action of the latter drug however when atropine was injected before the cocaine the effects of large doses of choline xylyl ether were not CR blocked after block had been produced by choline xylyl ether the i.t. of cocaine partially restored both the secretion at the sympathetic nerve endings and the responses of the organs supplied by the SN phenoxybenzamine did not restore the secretion at the nerve endings T3 it had been inhibited by choline xylyl ether indicating that the latter did not cause an increased uptake of sympathin by the receptors
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vestibular information is known to be important for accurate spatial orientation and navigation HPC place cells which appear to encode an animals location within the environment are also thought to play an essential role in spatial orientation therefore it can be hypothesized that vestibular information may influence cornu ammonis region ca HPC neuronal activity to explore this possibility the effects of electrical stimulation of the medial VN mvn on the firing rates of HPC ca neurons in the urethaneanesthetized rat were investigated using extracellular single unit recordings the firing rates of ca complex spike cells n which most likely correspond to place cells consistently increased during electrical stimulation of the mvn in a current intensity dependent manner stimulation applied adjacent to the mvn failed to elicit a response overall the firing rates of noncomplex spike cells n did not show a consistent response to vestibular stimulation although in some cells clear responses to the stimulation were observed these findings suggest that vestibular inputs may contribute to spatial information processing in the hippocamreased salivary cortisol responses to AS whereas the bcli genotype gg n was associated with a diminished cortisol response bcli heterozygotes and homozygotes gg exhibited a trend toward lower acth responses compared with wildtype subjects and s carriers the cortisol response to acth administration was not significantly different between genotypes after dexamethasone ingestion s carriers showed a trend toward an enhanced cortisol suppression this is the first report documenting an impact of gr gene polymorphisms on cortisol and perhaps acth responses to psychosocial stress these SCV may contribute to the individual vulnerability for hypothalamuspituitaryadrenalrelated disorders
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we used immunocytochemistry to locate two calcium IB proteins calbindin cab and parvalbumin pv in the retina of goldfish frog chick rat guinea pig dog and man the location of cab depended on the type of dominant photoreceptor cells in birds and mammals in conedominant retinas such as those of the chick cablike immunoreactivity was found in the cones cone bipolars and ganglion cells amacrine cells microns across were also labeled in roddominant retinas such as those of the rat guinea pig and dog horizontal cells small ACs about microns across and cells in the ganglion cell layer were labeled in the human retina which has both cones and rods in abundance cones cone bipolars GCs horizontal cells and small and large amacrine cells were labeled in the frog and goldfish the level of cablike immunoreactivity was low in the frog a few cones ACs and GCL were labeled no immunoreactive structures were seen in the goldfish retina pvlike immunoreactivity was found in chicks rats and dogs no such immunoreactive structures were seen in the other species in the chick only amacrine cells were labeled in the rat ACs and several displaced ACs were labeled in the dog in addition to ACs and displaced amacrine cells horizontal cells were strongly labeled thus pvlike immunoreactivity was found in those elements relating to the modulation of the main pathway of the visual transmission system
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the magnetic resonance characteristics of intracranial arachnoid cysts were evaluated and several features identified that allowed the differentiation from other cystic lesions uncomplicated arachnoid cyst contents respond like csf to both t and t weighted sequences signal from the contiguous brain is of normal intensity the absence of signal from cortical bone and the ease of obtaining multiplanar views enable the margins of the cyst its contents and the full extent of the lesion to be easily defined
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the oxidant AS expected to increase in obese adults has an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases it results when free radical formation is greatly increased or protective antioxidant mechanisms are compromised the main objective of this T0 is to evaluate the antioxidant response to obesityrelated AS in healthy children
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this T0 examines childrens conceptual understanding and factual knowledge of the causes of CA using a standardized developmentally based semistructured interview ask aids AIDS syndrome survey for kids children black white and hispanic female in kindergarten through sixth grade attending six public elementarymiddle schools in new haven connecticut were asked openended questions about the causes of CA and for comparison the causes of colds and aids responses were scored for level of conceptual understanding and coded for factual content and factual accuracy the level of conceptual understanding for causality of cancer increased consistently as grade level increased when comparisons were made among the illnesses childrens level of conceptual understanding was significantly lower for the causes of CA than for the causes of colds p but not significantly different from that of aids although the single most frequent cause of cancer mentioned was cigarettessmoking more than one in five students stated that casual contact or contagion was a cause of cancer more children cited causal contactcontagion than cited the following factually accurate or logically contributory causes combined poor diet airwater pollution or overexposure to sun alcohol and old age slightly more than one half of students in kindergarten through sixth grade worried about getting CA and the vast majority knew that CA could be fatal children have a less sophisticated conceptual understanding of cancer than of colds and a very limited factual KB for cancer and thus they have the capacity to increase both their understanding and knowledge these results have implications for the creation of developmentally appropriate CA prevention curricula for elementary schoolage children
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arboviruses are important pathogens for both animals and humans VEE virus veev is an arbovirus whose pathogenicity for GM structures has been previously studied to our knowledge the present T0 is the first to describe extensive inflammation and demyelination in spinal cord VWM of mice INF with veev to probe a possible immunepathogenesis of VWM alterations in this infection nude mice and heterozygous controls were similarly INF whereas controls still showed inflammatory demyelination nude mice showed no white matter changes in the absence of a mononuclear inflammatory response these results suggest that VWM changes in veev infection are dependent upon the host immuneresponse rather than produced by primary viral cytolytic activity such findings are similar to those we and others obtained in a number of different viral infections and support the possibility that the host immune response may be the common denominator leading to myelin injury in a variety of viral diseases the hypothesis of bystander killing of myelin is discussed as a possible hostmediated mechanism of demyelination in viral infections
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TPS hqnb binding was present in isolated purified intact rat mast cells and in crude membrane preparations the IB is saturable time and temperaturedependent cholinergic agents inhibit selectively the binding atropine is the most ERP of the antagonists while oxotremorine is the most potent of the muscarinic agonists it is concluded that rat mast cells are provided with mACh receptors
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primary orthostatic tremor ot is characterized by highfrequency lowerlimb muscle contractions and a disabling sense of unsteadiness while standing patients consistently report a relief of PS when starting to ambulate here we systematically examined and linked tremor and gait characteristics in patients with ot tremor and gait features were examined in nine ot patients and controls on a pressuresensitive treadmill for one minute of walking framed by two oneminute periods of standing tremor characteristics were assessed by TFA of surface emgrecordings from four leg muscles highfrequency tremor during standing ± hz persisted while walking but was consistently reset to higher frequencies ± hz p tremor intensity was phasedependently modulated being predominantly observable during stance phases p tremor intensity scaled with the force applied during stepping p and was linked to specific gait alterations ie wide base walking p and increased stridetostride fluctuations p ot during walking persists but is reset to higher frequencies indicating the involvement of supraspinal locomotor centers in the generation of ot rhythm tremor intensity is modulated during the gait cycle pointing at TPS pathways mediating the peripheral manifestation of ot finally ot during walking is linked to gait alterations resembling a cerebellar andor sensory ataxic gait disorder
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exfoliation syndrome xfs is an agerelated generalized disorder of the EM characterized by production and progressive accumulation of a fibrillar material in tissues throughout the anterior segment and also in connective tissue portions of various visceral organs mature exfoliation fibrils are composed of nm microfibrils resembling elastic microfibrils the exact chemical composition of exfoliation material xfm remains unknown it appears to consist of a complex glycoprotein proteoglycan structure composed of a protein core surrounded by abundant glycoconjugates the protein components include both noncollagenous basement membrane components and epitopes of the elastic fiber system particularly components of elastic microfibrils overall xfs is the most common identifiable cause of glaucoma accounting for the majority of cases in some countries and causing both openangle glaucoma and angleclosure glaucoma iridolenticular friction leads to loss of xfm from the anterior lens surface and disruption of the iris pigment epithelium resulting in pigment deposition in the TM which also produces xfm locally the primary cause of chronic pressure elevation appears to be the AS involvement of trabecular cells and schlemms canal cells in particular in the generalized pathologic matrix process with subsequent degenerative changes of SC and adjacent tissues narrow angles and angleclosure are common in xfs pupillary block may be caused by a combination of posterior synechiae increased iris thickness or rigidity or anterior lens movement secondary to zonular weakness or dialysis enlargement of the lens due to cataract formation and relence from the past years indicates however that many communitybased programs have had only modest impact with the notable exception of a number of hiv prevention programs to better understand the reasons for these outcomes we conducted a systematic literature review of communitybased prevention programs reasons for poor performance include methodological challenges to study design and evaluation concurrent secular trends smallerthanexpected effect sizes limitations of the interventions and limitations of theories used the effectiveness of hiv programs appears to be related in part to extensive formative research and an emphasis on changing social norms
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the nutritional distinctiveness of pasturefed dairy products is mainly influenced by the transfer of TPS chemical EDC from the grass to the milk and by their effect on rumen microflora and animal metabolism thus the pasturefed origin has to be objectively proven using fast and reproducible analytical methods applied to finished products in order to protect consumers against potential frauds in this work electronic nose patterns of alpine milks produced by cows grazing trifolium alpinum and festuca nigrescens pasture types have been examined in order to test the potential use of this device for routine control analyses of the botanical origin of milk and dairy products the data have been treated with different multivariate analyses manova lda and chemometrics mpls the results allow a very good classification of the milks according to the two treatments such results demonstrate that this device could be successfully applied to pdo dairy products food chain as a tool for the determination of their dietary origin
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meloxicam gel was designed based on the matching of the solubility parameter delta of the drug with that of the polymer and subsequently with skin for improved dermal delivery of meloxicam the delta of meloxicam calcm determined by solubility measurement was matched statistically to the solubility parameter of monomers nvinylpyrrolidone PVA pva hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate DDE glycol methacrylate egma determined by intrinsic viscosity measurement consequently gels were formulated by polymerization in selected solvent blend of waterethyl acetate in which the drug showed maximum solubility thus ff formulations designed were evaluated for physicochemical properties textural analysis and in vitro drug release on the basis of optimum characteristics f pva delta calcm and f egma delta calcm formulated by suspension polymerization were selected and subjected to skin irritation and topical antiinflammatory studies the formulation f demonstrated significant p of antiinflammatory activity in comparison to marketed piroxicam gel and was free from irritation
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coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon and the prevalence in patients undergoing coronary artery angiography is the most common cause of PD aneurysm is arteriosclerosis followed by kawasaki disease periarteritis nodosa SLE erythematosus syphilis rheumatic fever congenital heart disease and trauma most coronary aneurysms remain asymptomatic patients may present symptoms of angina or myocardial infarction due to thrombosis within the aneurysm this would lead to occlusion of the PD or to distal thromboembolisms there is no consensus on how to manage coronary i.a. aneurysms medical therapies include aspirin as well as warfarin surgery may be performed in patients with a C1 aneurysm ie when the risk of rupture or thrombosis is high we present a yearold female patient with symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack followed by a period of fever nausea vomiting and ecchymoses on the lower extremity transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography was suggestive of a tumour located at the basis of the lateral wall of the RA atrium HR surgery revealed however a C1 right coronary aneurysm and an atrial SP defect of the secundum type
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this T0 assessed the reliability of a selfpaced min teamsport running protocol on a woodway curve nonmotorised TM nmt ten male teamsport athletes ± y ± kg vopeak ± ml·kg·min attended five sessions vopeak testing familiarisation four reliability trials the min protocol consisted of three MZ min activity blocks with visual and audible commands directing locomotor activity however actual speeds were selfselected by participants reliability of variables was estimated using typical error ± confidence limits expressed as a percentage coefficient of R2 cv and intraclass correlation coefficient the smallest worthwhile NC swc was calculated as à between participant sigma peakmean speed and distance variables assessed across the min protocol exhibited a cv and for each min activity block all power variables exhibited a cv except walking cv the most reliable variables were maximum and mean sprint speed cv all variables produced a cv greater than the swc a selfpaced teamsport running protocol performed on a nmt produces reliable speeddistance and power data importantly a single familiarisation session allowed for adequate testretest reliability the selfpaced design provides an ecologicallyvalid alternative to externallypaced teamsport running simulations key pointsselfpaced teamsport running protocols on a curved nmt that closely match the locomotor demands of competition deliver reliable testretest measures of speed distance and powersuch protocols may be CS to changes in running profile following an intervention that may not be detectable during externallypaced protocolsone familiarisation session is adequate to ensure testretest reliability
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despite the long history of bendamustine as treatment for indolent nonhodgkin lymphoma longterm tau and toxicity data are minimal we reviewed LT data from three PCTs to characterize the toxicity and efficacy of patients receiving bendamustine data were available for subjects at CS the median age was years at the start of bendamustine range and patients had received a median of prior therapies the histologies included grades follicular lymphoma fl n grade fl n SLL n marginal zone lymphoma n mantle FCCL n transformed lymphomas n LPL n and not reported n the median eventfree survival was · months nine of attempted stem cell collections were successful with a median followup of · years patients developed cancers including patients with myelodysplastic syndromeacute myeloid leukaemia these data provide important information regarding the LT toxicity of bendamustine in previously treated patients a small but meaningful number of patients achieved durable remissions following bendamustine these rigorously collected patientlevel LT followup data provide reassurance that bendamustine or bendamustine plus rituximab is associated with efficacy and safety for patients with relapsed or refractory indolent nonhodgkin lymphoma
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pars proteaseactivated receptors are a family of four gproteincoupled receptors for proteases from the circulation inflammatory cells and epithelial tissues this report focuses on par which plays an important role in inflammation and pain pancreatic trypsin i and ii and extrapancreatic trypsin iv trypsins mast cell tryptase and coagulation AF viia and xa cleave and activate par PRs cleave par to expose a tethered ligand that binds glu nmda receptor has been suggested to be involved in thermoregulation to further analyse its role the thermoregulatory responses of rats treated with mgkg of dizocilpine mk were compared with those of control rats treated only with the same volume of saline during a min exposure at one of the six different ambient temperatures ranging from cold to heat Tc temperature tco and TST ttail were measured throughout using cuct thermocouples in the cold and degrees c tco decreased either sharply mk or progressively saline reaching the same final value degrees c or a lower value in the mktreated rats degrees c at the same time ttail decreased in both CG in the cool environment degrees c tco and ttail decreased in both groups with lower final values in mktreated rats at thermoneutrality degrees c the mkinduced hyperthermia remained steady while ttail increased in both groups in the heat and degrees c tco and ttail increased in both groups with higher final values in mktreated rats moreover at degrees c only mktreated rats exhibited heatstroke it is thus suggested that mkinduced inhibition of nmda receptors impairs thermoregulation especially in the heat
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probiotics are foods or products that contain live microorganisms that benefit the host when administered in this clinical review we evaluate the literature associated with using probiotics in common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders focusing specifically on antibioticassociated diarrhea acute gastroenteritis CD infection cdi colic inflammatory bowel disease and PET gastrointestinal diseases metaanalysis of several RCTs have confirmed benefit for the administration of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and SB to prevent AAD and to treat acute infectious diarrhea individual studies have also suggested benefit of probiotics to prevent acute gastroenteritis and serve as an adjunct in ulcerative colitis pouchitis antibioticassociated diarrhea cdi PET abdominal pain IBS and colic in BF babies although promising larger welldesigned studies need to confirm these findings there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend probiotics for the treatment of constipationpredominant irritable bowel syndrome or CD
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braindamaged patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia deny their motor deficit and believe they can still move the paralyzed limb previous studies suggest that anosognosia can arise from intact motor intentionality and planning for pect emphasizes the potential of pharmacological activation of pkc as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ad
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this T0 aimed to gather information from service users of an african womens clinic for the in the diagnosis and prognosis of dtc we used both visual immunohistochemistry and a semiquantitative analysis to evaluate kap expression in thyroid carcinomas and noncancerous thyroid nodules there were follicular carcinomas fc and papillary thyroid carcinomas ptc including classic cptc tall cells tcptc and follicular SCV fvptc patients were followed up for ± months they were classified as freeofdisease cases or poor outcome cases deaths according to their serum tg levels and image evidences kap was identified in ptc tcptc fc fvptc fa hyperplasia and normal thyroid tissues a roc analysis identified malignant nodules with sensitivity and specificity using a cutoff of in addition to distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid tissues p kap expression differentiated cptc from nodular hyperplasia p cptc from fa p fvptc from hyperplasia p and fc from PH p furthermore kap was more expressed in larger tumors cm p and in individuals who presented recurrencesmetastases p we suggest that kap may help diagnose thyroid nodules characterize follicularpatterned thyroid lesions and identify individuals with poor prognosis
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chitinase betaglucanase and protease activities were formed when trichoderma harzianum mycelia grown on glucose as the sole carbon source were transferred to fresh medium containing PCW of botrytis cinerea chitobiohydrolase endochitinase and betaglucanase MICs were immunologically detected in culture S9 by WB immunoblotting and the first two were quantified by ELISA assay under the same conditions exogenously added ucvaline was incorporated in acetonesoluble compounds with an apparent mr of these compounds comigrated with the peptaibols trichorzianines a and b in TLC chromatography and released ucvaline T3 incubation in n hcl incorporation of radioactive valine into this material was stimulated by the exogenous supply of alphaaminoisobutyric acid a rare amino acid which is a L1 constituent of peptaibols the obtained SNs inhibited spore germination as well as hyphal elongation of b cinerea culture S9 from mycelia placed in fresh medium without PCW of b cinerea did not show hydrolase activities incorporation of ucvaline into peptaibollike EDC and inhibition of fungal growth purified trichorzianines a and b as well as purified chitobiohydrolase endochitinase or betaglucanase inhibited spore germination and hyphal elongation but at concentrations higher than those observed in the SNs however when the enzymes and the peptaibols were tested together an antifungal synergistic interaction was observed and the ERP dose values obtained were in the range of those determined in the SNs therefore the parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics may have an important role in the antagonistic action of t harzianum against fungal phytopathogens
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renal angiomyolipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of variable proportions of blood vessels smooth muscle and AT smooth muscle AT blood vessels and adjacent normal kidney tissue were separately microdissected from sections prepared from formalinfixed paraffinprocessed tissues from angiomyolipomas from women x chromosome inactivation analysis using the methylation DP at exon of the human androgen receptor gene on chromosome xq was used to T0 the clonal origin of each component nonrandom inactivation of x chromosomes was found in six of the informative tumors the smooth muscle and adipose tissue showed differing patterns of nonrandom inactivation of x chromosomes in five angiomyolipomas and the same pattern of nonrandom inactivation of x chromosomes in one sdemonstrated the conditions required for a correct identification have changed dramatically whilst peptides with an uncertainty of da were sufficient for a correct ID in peptides with less than ppm mass error are now required for human and e coli proteins this evolution is directly related to the continuous increase in protein database sizes which causes an increase in the number of false positive matches in ID results use of an information complement deduced from the primary protein CS in the process of identification by peptide mass fingerprints can help to increase confidence in the identification results in this article we propose the exchange of labile hydrogen atoms with deuterium atoms to provide an alternative information complement the exchange reaction with optimised techniques has shown an average of hydrogendeuterium hd exchange on tryptic peptides this level of exchange was sufficient to single out one or more MMP from a list of potential candidate proteins due to the dependence of hd exchange on the peptide primary structure this technique also has clear advantages in the identification of small proteins where direct protein identification is impaired by the limited number of endoproteolytic MMP then information related to primary sequence obtained with this technique could help to identify proteins with high confidence without any expensive MS/MS instruments
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because it is controversial how the beta cell mass is reduced during the disease process in type diabetes we transferred splenocytes from NOD nod to nodscid mice and evaluated the relation between the status of the pancreas in donors and the time taken to transfer diabetes to the recipients we also evaluated the usefulness of assessment of the proportion of oxidative PE cells pec as a novel marker of SLEDAI in this system we examined the proportion of oxidative pec pancreatic insulin content and pancreatic histology in weekold female nod mice donors and transferred their splenocytes into weekold female nodscid mice recipients after the onset of diabetes in nodscid recipients we assessed the relation between insulin content or severity of insulitis of nod donors and the time taken to transfer diabetes to nodscid recipients the insulin content of BBdp donors whose disease status was considered to be just before the onset of diabetes malignant donors was the same as that of diabetic mice whereas the insulin content of diabetesprone donors excluding malignant donors benign donors wasol provides fast and easy access to financial and SQ metrics to clinical engineering department managers which increases their ability to perform sophisticated analysis to develop accurate models and forecasts and make timely data driven decisions the project also provides a platform by means of which clinical engineering departmental procedures data and methods can be assessed and shared among institutions
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approximately of the norepinephrine released in the brain or in peripheral tissues is taken up again through the neuronal norepinephrine transporter net pharmacological studies with net inhibitors showed that net has opposing effects on cardiovascular sympathetic regulation in the brain and in the periphery furthermore net is involved in the CSD of sympathetic activity between vasculature HR and kidney genetic net dysfunction is a rare cause of the postural tachycardia syndrome the condition is characterized by excessive adrenergic stimulation of the heart particularly with standing conversely net inhibition may be beneficial in hypoadrenergic states such as central autonomic failure or neurally mediated syncope which results from acute sympathetic withdrawal biochemical studies suggested reduced net function in some HT furthermore cardiac net CF appears to be reduced in common HR diseases such as CHF ischemic heart disease and stressinduced cardiomyopathy whether net dysfunction is a consequence or cause of progressive heart disease in human subjects requires further study however studies with the nonselective net inhibitor sibutramine suggest that reduced net CF could have an adverse effect on the cardiovascular system given the widespread use of medications inhibiting net the issue deserves more attention
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platypus venom contains an isomerase that reversibly interconverts the second aminoacid residue in some MMP between the lform and the dform the enzyme acts on the NPs ovcnpa and ovcnpb and on the defensinlike MMP dlp and dlp but it does not act on dlp while the isomerization of dlp to dlp is inhibited by the aminopeptidase inhibitor amastatin it is not affected by the leucine aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin the enzyme that is only present in minute quantities in an extract of the venom gland is thermally stable up to degrees c and it was found by AEC to be acidic isolation of the isomerase was carried out by combined ionexchange chromatography and reversephase high performance liquid chromatography hplc
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the blocking action of mdl alpha h alpha alpha htropanyl dichlorobenzoate at hydroxytryptamine ht receptors on nodose ng and superior C2 ganglia scg has been investigated further the sucrosegap technique was used to record potential changes from populations of neurones the surmountable blockade induced by small concentrations of the antagonist was quantified and the blocking potency compared with that of a number of other EDC in nodose ganglia three point doseresponse dr curves were established using bolus i.v. of ht nmol the mean amplitude of the response to nmol was mv and the ed was nmol second and rd DR curves showed small displacements to the right indicating a slight reduction in sensitivity in superior cervical ganglia responsiveness was less amounts of ht ranging from to nmol evoked doserelated depolarizations the mean amplitude of the response evoked by nmol ht was mv three point DR curves could be elicited from a single ganglion the ed was nmol initial nd and rd DR curves could be superimposed there being no significant rightward shift the results confirm that mdl is a potent selective antagonist at ht receptors in nodose and SCG in the NG T3 equilibration for hr with or m mdl DR curves for ht showed rightward parallel shifts in contrast m mdl or prolonged SE hr to or m caused larger rightward shifts of the DR curves and depressed the maximum responses in the superior cervical ganglion equilibration for hr with concentrations of or m produced effects on the DRCs similar to those seen in the NG but longer exposures hr did not depress the maximum apparent pa values were determined from individual experiments on both the nodose and SCG where mdl m or less for hr caused parallel or near parallel shifts of DRCs in the nodose ganglion the apparent pa was while in the SCG it was mean sem the nature of the blockade induced by prolonged exposures or by concentrations greater than m is discussedabstract truncated at words
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calvarial defects are common problems in craniofacial surgery they may be explained by surgical interventions infectious processes cranial trauma or congenital anomalies calvarial defects are particularly challenging because they do not heal spontaneously in humans older than months the feasibility of using bifocal transport distraction osteogenesis to repair calvarial defects has been successfully evaluated in numerous exp models to our knowledge it has not been used for the reconstruction of human skull defects we report the first case of human calvarial defect healed by transport DO
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the specific IB of a novel 3H k channel opener hbay x has been characterized in a rat insulinoma rinmf cell line the kd was nm and bmax fmolmg total protein as determined by saturation analysis the high affinity IB to IN cells was inhibited by pinacidil and by a series of bay x analogs with an activity CS correlating well with that for producing glyburidereversible EC50 of partially depolarized RA this represents the first report of the specific binding of a k channel opener to cultured cells
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the magnocellular vasopressin avp and oxytocin ot neurones exhibit TPS electrophysiological behaviour synthesise avp and ot peptides and secrete them into the neurohypophysial system in response to various physiological stimulations the activity of these neurones is regulated by the very same peptides released either somatodendritically or when applied to SO son preparations in vitro the avp and ot secreted somatodendritically ie in the son proper act through TPS autoreceptors induce distinct ca signals and regulate cellular events here we demonstrate that about of freshly isolated individual son neurones from the AD nontransgenic or transgenic rats bearing avp avpegfp or ot otmrfp markers produce distinct spontaneous cai oscillations in the neurones identified through TPS fluorescence about of avp neurones and about of ot neurones exhibited these oscillations exposure to avp triggered cai oscillations in silent avp neurones or modified the oscillatory pattern in spontano examine cell death as occurs in arabidopsis due to differentially localized singlet oxygen photosensitizers the photosensitizers rose bengal rb and acridine orange ao were localized to the plasmalemma and vacuole respectively their photoactivation led to cell death as measured by ion leakage cell death could be inhibited by the singlet oxygen scavenger histidine in treatments with ao but not with rb in the case of ao treatment the vacuolar membrane was observed to disintegrate concomitantly a complex was formed between a vacuolar celldeath protease responsive to dessication and its cognate cytoplasmic protease inhibitor atserpin in the case of rb treatment the tonoplast remained intact and no complex was formed overexpression of atserpin repressed cell death only under ao photodynamic treatment interestingly acute water AS showed accumulation of singlet oxygen as determined by fluorescence of singlet oxygen sensor green by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and the induction of singlet oxygen marker genes cell death by acute water AS was inhibited by the singlet oxygen scavenger histidine and was accompanied by vacuolar collapse and the appearance of serpinprotease complex overexpression of atserpin also att cell death under this mode of cell AS thus acute water stress damage shows parallels to vacuolemediated cell death where the generation of singlet oxygen may play a role
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response surface modelling using modde software for design of experiments and optimisation was applied to optimise SFE sfe conditions for the SE of indole alkaloids from the dried leaves of catharanthus roseus the effects of pressure bar temperature degrees c modifier concentration vol and dynamic SE time min on the yield of alkaloids were evaluated the extracts were analysed by highperformance liquid chromatography and the analytes were identified using ion trapelectrospray ionisationmass spectrometry the method was linear for alkaloid concentration in the range microgml the limits of PCD and quantification for catharanthine vindoline vinblastine and vincristine were and microgml and and microgg respectively the dry weight content of L1 alkaloids in the plants were compared using different SE methods ie sfe soxhlet SE solidliquid extraction with sonication and hot water SE at various temperatures the extraction techniques were also compared in terms of reproducibility selectivity and analyte recoveries relative standard deviations for the major alkaloids varied from to in different SE methods the best recoveries for catharanthine were obtained by sfe at bar and degrees c using vol methanol as modifier for min for vindoline by soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane in a reflux for h and for anhydrovinblastine by solidliquid SE using a solution of m sulphuric acid and methanol vv in an US bath for h
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accumulated evidence indicates that cytotoxic function of immune effectors is largely suppressed in the RT microenvironment by a number of distinct effectors and their secreted factors the aims of this review are to provide a rationale and a potential mechanism for IS in cancer and to demonstrate the significance of such IS in cellular differentiation and progression of CA to that end we have recently shown that nk cells mediate significant cytotoxicity against primary oral squamous carcinoma stem cells oscscs as compared to their more differentiated oral squamous carcinoma cells osccs in addition human embryonic stem cells hescs mesenchymal stem cells hmscs dental pulp stem cells hdpscs and induced pluripotent stem cells hipscs were all significantly more susceptible to nk cell mediated cytotoxicity than their differentiated counterparts or parental cells from which they were derived we have also reported that inhibition of differentiation or reversion of cells to a lessdifferentiated phenotype by blocking nfκb or targeted knock down of cox in primary monocytes in vivo significantly augmented nk cell CF total population of monocytes and those depleted of cd subsets were able to substantially prevent nk cell mediated lysis of oscscs mscs and dpscs taken together our results suggest that stem cells are significant targets of the nk cell cytotoxicity the concept of split anergy in nk cells and its contribution to tissue repair and regeneration and in tumor resistance and progression will be discussed in this review
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the cells that constitute the sympathetic NS originate from the neural crest this review addresses the current understanding of sympathetic ganglion development viewed from molecular and morphological perspectives OD of the sympathetic nervous system is categorized into three main steps as follows differentiation and migration of cells in the neural crest lineage for formation of the primary sympathetic chain differentiation of sympathetic progenitors and growth and survival of SG the signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in each of these developmental stages are elaborated mostly on the basis of the results of targeted mutation of respective genes analyses in mutant mice revealed differences between the SCG ganglion scg and the other posterior SG this review provides a summary of the similarities and differences in the development of the scg and other posterior sympathetic ganglia relplant types
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the effects of the novel anxiolytics gepirone buspirone and ipsapirone on free feeding and on feeding induced by the 8-OH-DPAT hydroxydinpropylamino tetralin ohdpat were examined gepirone dosedependently increased FF and h T3 injection the magnitude of the response being larger than previously observed with any other hta receptor ligand previous studies have suggested that buspirone and ipsapirone can block some of the behavioural effects of ohdpat however gepirone buspirone and ipsapirone did not inhibit FF induced by ohdpat these results indicate that gepirone is a very efficacious appetite stimulant in rats and suggest that gepirone buspirone and ipsapirone act as ht autoreceptor agonists in the feeding MM
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levansucrase ec ls has been used in the production of levan and levantype fructooligosaccharides from sucrose however development of further application is restricted due to its poor thermostability the ls from brenneria sp enid was engineered using a structureguided RPA residue glu
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a yearold WG man RA after BL rhytidoplasty presented with agitation necessitating use of haloperidol some hours after he developed severe pain in his legs and a diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome nms was considered even with treatment for nms he still complained of pain a diagnosis of lower limb compartment syndrome cs was done only hours after the initial event being submitted to fasciotomy in both legs disclosing very pale muscles due to previous ischemia this syndrome was not explained only by facial surgery his position and duration of the procedure it can be explained by a CS of events he had a history of pain in his legs during physical exercises usually seen in chronic compartment syndrome he used to take anabolizant and venlafaxine not previously related and the agitation could be related to serotoninergic syndrome caused by interaction between venlafaxine and haloperidol rhabdomyolysis could lead to oedema and ischemia in both anterior leg compartment this report highlights the importance of early diagnosis of compartment syndrome otherwise even T3 fasciotomy a permanent disability secondary to PN compression could occur
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a steady and LT increase of the endogenous serotonine concentration in the lungs spleen and brain achieved by administration of nontoxic doses of indopan an inhibitor of MAO caused a significant decrease of resistance of animals to influenza virus in acute infection T3 NK route of inoculation with ld of the allantoic influenza awsn hon virus strain in the animals treated with indopan the area of lung affection with specific influenza pneumonia increased the virus concentration in the lungs and spleen rose sharply the titre of igm antibody in the blood decreased the animal mortality in this group also increased the level of serotonin in the blood and organs of latently INF animals became normal weeks T3 virus inoculation in some of these animals however indopan caused a greater increase of serotonin level in the lungs than in IN mice of the same weight and age without changing the amine levels in the SP and the BB indopan caused fold increase in the titer of specific antihemagglutinins in the blood mostly of igm fraction as compared with the controls in latent influenza infection the balance of serotonin metabolism in the lungs in unstable
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ceramides cer are the CE molecules in sphingolipid metabolism that participate in cellular signaling and also prevent excessive water loss by the skin previous studies showed that sphingosinebased cer with a long c chain cerns and very long cchain ceramides cerns differ in their biological actions increased levels of long cerns at the expense of the very long cerns have been found in AD patients and this change correlated with the skin barrier properties to probe the membrane SMB of the long cerns and the very long chain cerns we studied their interactions with fatty acids and cholesterol in model stratum corneum CM using infrared spectroscopy using cer with deuterated acyls andor deuterated fatty acids we showed differences in lipid mixing packing and thermotropic phase behavior between long and very long cer these differences were observed in the presence of lignoceric acid or a heterogeneous HFA mixture cc in the presence or absence of cholesterol sulfate and at humidity in these membranes very long cerns prefers an extended splayedchain conformation in which the fatty acid is associated with the very long cer chain in contrast the shorter cerns and fatty acids are mostly phase separated
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during pregnancy sheep develop attenuated systemic and uterine V1 responsiveness to alphaadrenergic stimulation to determine whether this reflects altered V1 smooth muscle function we studied the responsiveness of smooth muscle isolated from SVR and uterine arteries to kcl and phenylephrine uterine renal and CAs were collected from nonpregnant Pr days sd and late PP days ewes endothelium was removed and open rings were hung for measurement of ISO force there were no differences in concentrationresponse relationships nor maximal stresses generated to phenylephrine between nonpregnant Pr and late PP states for carotid or renal arteries however the maximal concentration for phenylephrine of UA in the nonpregnant state x m was greater than the pregnant state x m moreover uterine arteries from pregnant sheep generated significantly more stress than those from nonpregnant sheep vs x dyncm p less than the att SVR and uterine vascular responses associated with pregnancy do not result from diminished adrenergic sensitivity or contractile capability of arterial smooth muscle in contrast there is increased stressgenerating capacity of uterine arterial smooth muscle during pregnancy which is reversed during the PP period
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acute fatty liver of pregnancy aflp is a rare but lifethreatening disease aflp is characterized by CL failure with different degrees of coagulopathy outcome and survival can be dramatically improved with prompt recognition and treatment thromboelastometry has been considered a point of care for the management of bleeding patients it could therefore be an alternative tool to treat the complex cases of aflp involving CL failure and coagulopathy through this study we present our successful experience of an aflp case that was submitted to an emergency cesarean section in which blood transfusion was guided by thromboelastometry
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we developed the synthesis of new supports for the purification of insulin and igg by AC the preparation of such an affinity support is performed in two steps first silica beads are coated with dextran polymers carrying a calculated amount of positively charged diethylaminoethyl CG in order to mask negative charges at its surface second ligand is immobilized using a coupling agent this support combines the advantages of polysaccharide phases with the excellent mechanical characteristics of Si the existence of nacetylneuraminic acid sialic acid in insulin receptor and in the antigenic determinant of igg suggests that such an acid may develop TPS interactions usable in AC therefore nacetylneuraminic acid was used as an active ligand the immobilization of sialic acid can be carried out by using the conventional coupling agent the carbonyldiimidazole the performances of these supports grafted by sialic acid were studied by highperformance liquid AC hpac the optimization of the chromatographic conditions support characteristics and mobile phase enabled us to observe a SMB of the type thiophilic of the support which does not contain sulfone group this new affinity support allowed a onestep separation of the igg from mouse ascitic fluids and also allowed the insulin purification from a pancreatic extract with a good purification yields
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guidelines should provide recommendations on the optimal management of a patient in TPS clinical circumstances based on the scientific evidence esmo as europes leading society in medical oncology produces a range of guideline products in order to assist the cancer specialist towards implementation of quality CA care as well as in order to provide information to patients establishing standards for uptodate optimal management the esmo guideline products include the clinical practice guidelines the complementing consensus conferences on focused clinical scenarios as well as memory tools such as print and epocket guidelines and patient guides in this manuscript methodology design and characteristics of the esmo guideline products are explained and discussed by their strengths and weaknesses opportunities and threats in order to stimulate reflections on room for improvement and future strategy
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