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the purpose of this investigation was to determine the morphological physiological and biochemical effects of gentamicin upon the rat kidney following prolonged administration of the antibiotic spraguedawley and fischer strain rats were given or mg gentamicin per kg body weight per day for days morphologic alterations were evaluated by CS and electron microscopy functional parameters included glomerular filtration rate pah secretion renal plasma flow sodium reabsorption potassium excretion urine volume and protein and SS urea nitrogen oxidative metabolism of mitochondrial fractions from renal cortical homogenates was evaluated by oxygen uptake and po ratios the results indicate focal PT tubular injury decreased tubular maximum secretion of pah and altered oxidative metabolism at the higher dose C2 of gentamicin neither elevations of SS urea nitrogen nor alterations in glomerular filtration rate renal plasma flow or sodium or potassium excretion were observed thus it appears that high dose levels mg per kg per day alter the structure and function of some proximal tubular segments when administered over prolonged periods the alterations appear reversible although nephrotoxicity is identified under these conditions in rats extrapolation to human patients usually receiving much lower doses must be guarded
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we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the quantification of förster RET fret by direct and systematic saturation of the excited state of acceptor molecules this version of acceptor depletion methods for fret estimation denoted as satfret is reversible and suitable for TR measurements the technique was investigated theoretically using the steadystate solution of the differential equation system of donor and acceptor molecular states the influence of acceptor photobleaching during measurement was included in the model exp verification was achieved with the fretpair alexa alexa loaded on particles in different stoichiometries and measured in a confocal TSM estimates of SE transfer efficiency by excited state saturation were compared to those obtained by measurements of sensitised emission and acceptor photobleaching the results lead to a protocol that allows timeresolved fret measurements of fixed and living cells on a conventional confocal microscope this procedure was applied to fixed CHO-K1 containing a cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein pair the time resolution of the technique was demonstrated in a live t cell activation CA comparing the fret efficiencies measured using a genetically encoded green and red FL protein biosensor for gtpgdp turnover to those measured by acceptor photobleaching of fixed cells
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to improve the SQ control of herbal drugs there has been a major shift from evaluating individual chemicals to evaluating multipleconstituent chemicals given the multipharmacology nature of herbal drugs therefore rapid systematic assays are needed in order to assess the SQ of medicinal herbs using a comprehensive integrated RPA lightinduced delayed luminescence dl is used to measure decaying longterm ultraweak photon emissions following excitation witt degreessecond at weeks postoperative of patients completed a koos and ISO quadriceps strength testing at degrees at months postoperative of patients completed a koos and isokinetic strength testing quadriceps femoris strength limb symmetry indices qflsi were calculated at all time points repeated measures analysis of variance anova models were then utilized to MM the effect of fnb and time on qflsi as well as koos subscales for activities of daily living pain and symptoms qflsi and all koos subscales demonstrated improvement with time following acl reconstruction repeated measures anova demonstrated that patients who underwent fnb had a mean qflsi that was lower than the control group
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to show that laser scanning cytometry lscm can provide data equivalent to flow cytometry fcm data and furnish a number of benefits including cell relocation for visualization and several additional measurement features that may make it more suitable than fcm for pathology laboratories
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src family of kinases sfks and focal adhesion kinase fak are two important cellular signaling components known to act cooperatively in the transduction of death and survival signals we investigated the involvement of these proteins in the mechanism of the injurious response in rat primary neuronal cultures exposed to an insult composed of chemical ischemia poisoning with IAA mum for min followed by h of incubation in the regular medium an insult shown before to be associated with generation of reactive oxygen species and with the SD of adenosine triphisphate the SE of the neuronal cultures to the insult resulted in cell injury assessed by the increased release of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase ldh into the culture media which could be attenuated markedly by the presence of the antioxidant ly the insult resulted in the decreased level of phosphorylation of the sfks members src fyn and yes at the src yequivalent activation CS and of the fak y activation site Kd of fak to a p fragment and disassembling of the faksfks complexes the inhibition of sfks was found to be responsible for part of the insultinduced cell damage manifested in increased ldh release pervanadate an inhibitor of the phosphotyrosine phosphatases ptps abrogated the inactivation of sfks and att cell injury indicating that insultinduced activation of ptps is involved in sfks inhibition and the ensued damage the inhibition of sfks and fak is probably the cause of the disassembling of sfksfak complexes a process known to be associated with apoptosis
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the aim of this T0 was to examine the relationship between anthropometric variables body composition and propulsive force in swimmers aged years anthropometric characteristics body height and mass sitting height arm span arm muscle area and body composition and the propulsive force of the arm tethered swimming test were evaluated in competitive male swimmers tanners stages of genital maturation p were used the data analysis included correlations and MLR the propulsive force of the arm was correlated with body height r p arm span r p sitting height r p body fat r p lean body mass r p and arm muscle area r p using MLR models the percent body fat and height were identified as significant predictors of the propulsive force of the arm after controlling for the maturation stage this MM explained r of associations in conclusion the propulsive force of swimmers was related to BH and percent body fat
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P0 intensive care units nicus are highrisk Az of care where complex medical interventions are performed and are recognized as a resource for improved outcome in premature and lowbirthweight infants or those presenting with acute conditions this critical environment along with the vulnerable nature of the population it serves places patients at risk for medication errors which can result in permanent harm or death promoting safe medication practices requires participation of all individuals involved in the medication use process eg physicians nurses nurse practitioners physician assistants pharmacists respiratory therapists pharmacy technicians the following recommendations organized in accordance with the institute for safe medication practices key elements of the medication use system⢠will focus on significant Az of concern within the nicu all individuals caring for neonates supported by administrators and organizational leaders should recognize themselves as active partners responsible for the safety of this fragile patient population by participating in the design and sustainment of a safe and efficient medication use system
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nonsense mutations create PTCs ptcs leading to the generation of truncated proteins some of which have deleterious gainoffunction or dominantnegative activity protecting cells from such aberrant proteins is NMD nmd an rna surveillance pathway that degrades transcripts harboring ptcs a second response to nonsense mutations is the upregulation of alternatively spliced transcripts that skip the ptc this nonsenseassociated altered splicing nas response has the potential to rescue protein CF but the mechanism by which it is triggered has been controversial some studies suggest that like nmd nas is triggered as a result of nonsense mutations disrupting reading frame whereas other studies suggest that nas is triggered when nonsense mutations disrupt exonic splicing enhancers eses using tcell receptorbeta tcrbeta which naturally acquires ptcs at high frequency we provide evidence that both mechanisms act on a single type of mrna mutations that disrupt consensus ese CS upregulated an alternatively spliced tcrbeta transcript that skipped the mutations independently of reading frame disruption and the nmd factor upf in contrast reading framedisrupting mutations that did not disrupt consensus ese sites elicited upfdependent upregulation of the alternatively spliced tcrbeta transcript restoration of reading frame prevented this upregulation our results suggest that the response of an mrna to a nonsense mutation depends on its context
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the effect of cooking on residues of the quinolones oxolinic acid and flumequine in fish was investigated salmon containing residues of oxolinic acid and FLU was boiled or baked in the oven samples of raw and cooked muscle skin and bone as well as of the water in which the fish was boiled and juice from the baked fish were analysed oxolinic acid and flumequine did not degrade at the temperatures reached when cooking the fish however fish muscle free from drug residues may be contaminated during boiling and baking due to leakage of the drug from reservoirs in the fish
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as a result of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant npp accident various radionuclides were released into the environment in this T0 we surveyed strontium sr concentrations in several foodstuffs strontium is thought to be the third most important residual RN in food collected T3 the fukushima daiichi npp accident T3 following cesium cs and cesium cs results of sr analyses indicated that sr was detect in of the radioactive cesium rcs positive samples collected in Az around the fukushima daiichi npp ranging in distance from to km rcs positive samples were defined as containing both cs and cs which are considered to be indicators of the aftereffects of the fukushima daiichi npp accident we also detected sr in of rcs negative samples in which cs was ND strontium concentrations in the rcs positive samples did not significantly exceed the sr concentrations in rcs negative samples or the sr concentration ranges in comparable food CG found in previous surveys before the fukushima daiichi npp accident thus sr concentrations in rcs positive samples were indistinguishable from the BG sr concentrations arising from global fallout prior to the fukushima accident suggesting that no marked increase of sr concentrations has occurred in rcs positive samples as a result of the fukushima daiichi npp accident
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the innervation of the cod stomach by SN showing substance plike immunoreactivity spli and the effect and mechanism of action of substance p sp on the vascularly perfused cod stomach and on isolated muscle strip S9 from the pyloric sphincter have been investigatedinfusion of sp produced a contraction of the stomach wall which could not be blocked by tetrodotoxin atropine or methysergide indicating a direct effect on the stomach smooth muscle similarly the contraction produced by sp on S9 from the pyloric sphincter was unaffected by tetrodotoxinnerves showing spli were frequent in the myenteric plexus of the whole stomach and in the submucosa and mucosa of the pyloric part of the stomach spli was also observed in MF in the intestinal branch of the vagus and occasionally in the splanchnic nerves ligation of the SN showed an accumulation of spli above as well as below the ligature being more prominent PT to the ligature in the vagus and distal to the ligature in the PSN in the VN descending and ascending splifibres were seen surrounding nonreactive cell HB no reduction in intensity of the immunoreaction of the neurons in the stomach wall was observed after ligation or sectioning of the vagosympathetic trunk or the splanchnic nerves nor were splevels measured by radioimmunoassay reduced T3 denervation of vagal branches close to the stomach wall an insignificant decrease of immunoreactivity was observed in the MP capsaicin treatment had no conclusive effect on the CSD of spliit is concluded that the innervation showing spli may be of intrinsic as well as extrinsic origin with pathways in both vagal and splanchnic branches only a direct effect of sp on the smooth muscle could be demonstrated
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addition of ho mm to ehrlich ascites RT cells under isotonic conditions results in a substantial reduction in cell volume within min the cell shrinkage is paralleled by net loss of k which was significant within min whereas no concomitant increase in the k or cl conductances could be observed the hoinduced cell shrinkage was unaffected by the presence of clofilium and clotrimazole which blocks volumesensitive and caactivated k channels respectively and is unaffected by a raise in extracellular k concentration to a value that eliminates the electrochemical driving force for k on the other hand the hoinduced cell shrinkage was impaired in the presence of the kcl cotransport inhibitor dihydroindenyloxyalkanoic acid dioa following substitution of no for cl and when the driving force for kcl cotransport was omitted it is suggested that ho activates electroneutral kcl cotransport in ehrlich ascites RT cells and not k and cl channels addition of ho to hypotonically exposed cells accelerates the RVD and the concomitant net loss of k whereas no additional increase in the k and GCl was observed the effect of ho on cell volume was blocked by the serinethreonine phosphatase inhibitor calyculin a indicating an important role of serinethreonine phosphorylation in the homediated activation of kcl cotransport in ehrlich cells in contrast addition of ho to adherent cells eg ehrlich lettré ascites cells a AT1 of the EA tumor cells and niht mouse fibroblasts increased the k and cl conductances T3 hypotonic cell swelling hence ho induces kcl cotransport or k and cl channels in nonadherent and AC respectively
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ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant that detoxifies ROS species when plants are exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions in addition to its antioxidant properties ascorbic acid and its biosynthetic precursors fulfill a variety of other physiological and molecular functions a mutation in the ascorbic acid biosynthesis gene vtc which encodes gdpmannose pyrophosphorylase results in conditional root growth inhibition in the presence of ammonium to isolate suppressors of vtc which is in the arabidopsis columbia BG seeds of the mutant were subjected to ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis a suppressor mutant of vtc svt with wildtype levels of ascorbic acid and root growth similar to the wild type in the presence of ammonium was isolated interestingly svt has arabidopsis landsberg erecta features although svt is delayed in flowering and has an enlarged morphology moreover the svt genotype shares similarities with l er polymorphism markers and sequences despite the fact that the mutant derived from mutagenesis of col vtc seed we provide evidence that svt is not an artifact of the experiment a contamination of l er seed or a result of outcrossing of the svt mutant with l er pollen instead our results show that svt exhibits transgenerational genotypic and phenotypic instability which is manifested in a fraction of svt progeny producing revertants that have collike phenotypic and genotypic characteristics some of those collike revertants then revert back to svtlike plants in the subsequent generation our findings have important implications for undiscovered phenomena in transmitting genetic information in addition to the mendelian laws of inheritance our results suggest that AS can trigger a genome restoration mechanism that could be advantageous for plants to survive environmental changes for which the ancestral genes were better adapted
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brainstem AEP evoked potential baep rate studies have been incorporated into CEP protocols in an attempt to identify demyelinating lesions a group of patients with clinically definite ms are described who showed abnormal baep pp interwave latencies at slow TR rates and failed to demonstrate a significant enhancement of this abnormality following rapid click presentation rates the lack of ratedependent p latency changes has been hypothesized to represent a less severe form of axonal demyelination thus it may be possible to subclassify or subgroup patients with evidence of BS demyelination based on the presence or absence of baep ratedependent abnormalities
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twenty years T3 its widespread introduction the role of continuous fetal heart rate and contraction monitoring in labour CTG ctg remains uncertain although a normal pattern is very reassuring about fetal condition the predictive value of an abnormal pattern is low in most studies the use of ctg has been associated with an increase in MI in labour particularly caesarean section without clear evidence of benefit fetal blood sampling is the most useful associated technique for minimizing unnecessary MI the relationship between fetal HR rate fetal blood ph changes and LT outcome remains obscure and further work to clarify this relationship is urgently needed
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a case of acquired aortic insufficiency due to perforation of the aortic leaflet at the time of the diagnostic heart catheterization is presented the situation was remedied by repairing the perforated leaflet using a pericardial patch
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clinical significance of ventriculomegaly after severe head trauma has not been fully explored yet we analyzed hospital records of cases of DAI and cases of brain concussion together the followup periods ranged from months to years average months four patients underwent csf shunting without noticeable effect we classified their outcome according to our modification of the glasgow outcome scale vegetated severe moderate mild fair and good we reviewed initial within hours after injury ct scans and late to months T3 injury ct scans or mris we measured the ratio of the third VVI width to the inner diameter of the skull on the axial view we computed the lateral ventricular volume by our newlydevised method which took the partial volume phenomenon into account temporary extracerebral fluid accumulation was noted mostly within months after injury in of cases in the mild level or above and of the fair or good level cases ventriculomegaly occurred early and stabilized around the month period we found the differences between the late and the initial values of the third VVI width and the lateral ventricular volume cc highly correlated with our outcome scale spearmans correlation coefficient rs respectively with p unanimously we found the late values themselves of the third VVI width and the lateral VVI volume highly correlated with our outcome scale rs respectively with p unanimously these parameters were also highly correlated with the duration of the initial unconsciousness loc thus posttraumatic diffuse ventriculomegaly affecting the third ventricle as well should outline the late outcome of diffuse axonal injury both the ventriculomegaly and the late outcome should be roughly predicted by the duration of the initial unconsciousness
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the purpose of the present study was to investigate the short and longterm effects of a combined strength and aerobic training program on glycemic control insulin action exercise capacity and muscular strength in postmenopausal women with type diabetes nine postmenopausal women aged years with type diabetes participated in a supervised training program for months consisting of two strength training sessions sets of repetitions at onerepetition maximum strength and two aerobic training sessions of maximum HR rate at the beginning and of maximum HR rate T3 months anthropometrical measurements percentage glycated hemoglobin a h oral glucose ATT EST and maximum strength were measured at the beginning and T3 and weeks of the exercise program significant reductions were observed in both the gl p and insulin Az under the curve p T3 weeks of training these adaptations were further improved T3 weeks glucose insulin p glycated hemoglobin was significantly decreased after weeks vs p and T3 weeks vs p of exercise training furthermore exercise time and muscular strength were significantly improved after weeks p as well as T3 weeks p of training body mass and bodymass index however were not significantly altered throughout the study the results indicated that a combined training program of strength and aerobic exercise could induce positive adaptations on glucose control insulin action muscular strength and ET in women with type diabetes
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histone lysine methylation is a dynamic process that plays an important role in regulating chromatin structure and mRNA recent studies have identified jhd a jmjc domaincontaining protein as an hkspecific demethylase in budding yeast however important questions regarding the regulation and functions of jhd remain unanswered in this study we show that jhd has alpha to remove all three states of hk methylation in vivo and can dynamically associate with chromatin to modulate hk methylation levels on both AS and repressed genes and at the telomeric regions we found that the plant homeodomain phd finger of jhd is important for its chromatin association in vivo however this association is not dependent on hk methylation and the h NT tail suggesting the presence of an alternative mechanism by which jhd binds nucleosomes we also provide evidence that the jmjn domain and its interaction with the jmjc catalytic domain are important for jhd CF and that not an e ligase monitors the structural integrity of this interdomain interaction to maintain the overall protein C2 of jhd we show that the sr mutation in human smcx a homolog of jhd which has been linked to mental retardation and the homologous tr mutation in jhd affect the protein stability of both of these proteins therefore our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed defects in patients harboring this smcx mutant and suggest the presence of a conserved pathway involving not that modulates the protein stability of both yeast jhd and human smcx
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in this prospective randomized doubleblind T0 we compared the incidence oup ii had a clonal population structure including two geographically widespread clones able to cause epidemic conjunctivitis and invasive diseases group ii strains also carried a bp homologue of alib aliblike orf in the capsule region which was highly rat to a CS in the capsule region of streptococcus mitis in addition strains of the two L1 clones in group ii had an additional CS aliblike orf to bp upstream of aliblike orf expression of aliblike orf was detected by reverse transcriptionpcr and the corresponding rna was visualized by northern blotting a gene fragment homologous to capn of serotypes and suggests that group ii strains were derived from encapsulated pneumococci some time ago therefore loss of capsule expression in vivo was found to be associated with the importation of one or two alib homologues in some nonencapsulated pneumococci
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this study is the continuation of our research into VC and its possible effects on human skin T3 topical administration the effects of ascorbic acid iron ions and uv irradiation on SC lipid models were investigated the lipid models used were a simple system linolenic acid dispersion a complex system liposomes consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine cholesterol and linolenic acid and complex systems with additionally incorporated ceramides types iii and iv the lipid peroxidation was quantified by the thiobarbituric acid CA a human adult lowcalcium hightemperature hacat keratinocytes CC was used as a second invitro MM the amount of intracellular peroxides was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity using the dihydrorhodamine assay EPR was used to study the influence of ascorbic acid and iron ions on the signal intensity of doxylstearic acid during uv exposure ascorbic acid showed prooxidative properties in the thiobarbituric acid assay whereas cell protection was measured in the hacat KCs experiments electron paramagnetic resonance investigations revealed different extents of free radical was used to assess if amantadine enhances the antinociceptive activity of morphine possible motor impairment was assessed with a rotarod test morphine was measured in SS of AMA or vehicle treated rats to search for possible pharmacokinetic interactions between amantadine and morphine isobolographic analysis provided evidence for a synergistic interaction between amantadine and morphine in the second phase of the formalin test no evidence was found to indicate that amantadine induced motor impairment at the doses potentiating morphine during the second phase of the formalin test there was no evidence for a pharmacokinetic interaction between amantadine and morphine since the second phase of the formalin test is dependent on activation of the nmda receptor system it is concluded that an antagonistic activity of AMA at the nmda receptor most likely contributes to the synergistic interaction observed between amantadine and morphine in rats
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estradiol eâ deficiency decreases muscle strength and wheel running in female mice it is not known if the muscle weakness results directly from the loss of eâ or indirectly from mice becoming relatively inactive with presumably diminished muscle activity the first aim of this T0 was to determine if cage MICs of ovariectomized mice with and without eâ treatment differ ovariectomized mice were less active than eâreplaced mice in terms of ambulation jumping and time spent being AS p ⤠T3 eâdeficient mice were found to have low cage activities the second aim was to determine if eâ is beneficial to muscle +dP/dt independent of physical MICs by the mouse or its hindlimb muscles adult female mice were ovariectomized or shamoperated and randomized to receive eâ or placebo and then subjected to conditions that should maintain PCS and muscle activity at a constant low level T3 wk of hindlimb suspension or unilateral tibial nerve transection muscle contractile function was assessed soleus muscles of hindlimbsuspended ovariectomized mice generated lower normalized relative to muscle contractile protein content maximal isometric force than suspended mice with intact ovaries p ⤠irrespective of whether the SOL was innervated muscles from ovariectomized mice generated â¼ lower absolute and normalized maximal isometric forces as well as SP than eâreplaced mice p ⤠in conclusion eâ affects muscle force generation even when muscle activity is equalized
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the role of neuronal STDP and repair on the final PET outcome following traumatic brain injury tbi remains poorly understood moreover the relationship of the magnitude of posttraumatic AA injury and neurodegeneration to the potential for neuronal repair has not been explored to address these questions we employed western immunoblotting techniques to examine how injury severity affects the spatial and temporal expression of markers of axonal growth growthassociated protein gap and synaptogenesis presynaptic vesicular protein synaptophysin following either moderate mm ms or severe mm ms lateral controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury ccitbi in young AD male cf mice moderate cci increased gap C2 at and h postinsult in the ipsilateral hippocampus relative to sham noninjured animals this increase in axonal STDP occurred prior to maximal hippocampal neurodegeneration as revealed by de olmos silver staining at h however moderate ccitbi did not elevate gap expression in the ipsilateral SC where neurodegeneration was extensive by h posttbi in contrast to moderate injury severe ccitbi failed to increase hippocampal gap C2 and instead resulted in depressed gap expression in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cortex at h postinsult in regards to injuryinduced changes in synaptogenesis we found that moderate ccitbi elevated synaptophysin C2 in the ipsilateral hippocampus at h and days but this effect was not present T3 severe injury together these data highlights the AD brains ability for axonal and synaptic STDP following a focal cortical injury but that severe injuries may diminish these endogenous repair mechanisms the differential effects of moderate versus severe tbi on the posttraumatic STDP response may be related to the calpainmediated proteolytic activity occurring T3 a severe injury preventing increased expression of proteins required for STDP supporting this hypothesis is the fact that gap is a ATP for calpain along with our data demonstrating that calpainmediated degradation of the CSK protein alphaspectrin is approximately times greater in ipsilateral hippocampal tissue following severe compared to moderate ccitbi thus tbi severity has a differential effect on the injuryinduced neurorestorative response with calpain activation being one putative factor contributing to neuroregenerative failure following severe ccitbi if true thener matrix with the maximum reduction of at least occurring when the fiber orientation was such that the fibers ran perpendicular to the stent edge the double ply MM further reduced the AS on the CP matrix with the maximum reduction of greater than now occurring when the SF are oriented most perpendicular to one another
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our aims were to report on our experience with sputum induction si and to determine predictive AF associated with successful si in asthmatic children children with asthma attending the chest clinic of a university teaching hospital between october december were recruited they completed a visual CAS for symptom severity and underwent PE skinprick test exhaled nitric oxide eno measurement spirometry and si adequate sputum contained squamous epithelial cells predictors for successful induction were evaluated using multivariate LR analysis one hundred and thirty subjects were recruited the median age was years range and the majority were boys all except two had normal percent predicted forced expired volume in sec the median eno was ppb SI was successful in subjects sore throat and chest discomfort occurred in and subjects respectively and the procedure was prematurely terminated in three cases levels of eno were found to be a predictor for successful induction area under the roc receiver operator characteristics curves curve SI was welltolerated by all subjects and was successful in of cases exhaled nitric oxide may be a useful marker for successful induction
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a yearold woman presented in shock the computed tomography ct scan confirmed rupture of the left diaphragm with strangulation three days after surgery the patient developed herniation of ABD contents on the RA side with CR collapse marlex mesh was used to repair on the right side postoperatively she needed partial gastrectomy for massive duodenal ulcer one a dual chamber pacemaker was used to correct the CR heart block
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median cleft lip is a midline vertical cleft through the upper lip this is a rare anomaly with very few cases described in the literature median CL has been thought to be associated with hypertelorism or hypotelorism it is caused by the failure of fusion of the medial nasal prominences in this case report a ½yearold girl with a median cleft is presented the patient has no other anomalies of the nose or alveolus the patient has normotelorism a shortened bifid frenulum of the upper lip is present a technique using an elliptical excision of the cleft with muscle approximation is described
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oocytes from abattoirsourced ovine ovaries were aspirated from to mm follicles using or mmhg pressure and an aspiration pump or a needle g and syringe ml and subjected to in vitro maturation fertilization and culture to determine the effect of aspiration pressure on the number and quality of oocytes recovered and early embryonic development oocyte REC rate was similar between groups range p the number and percentage of grade i and ii oocytes recovered was reduced for mm and compared with mm and and mm pressure and and a syringe and p oocyte cleavage was similar for all groups at range and h postinsemination but blastocyst formation cleaved oocytes was lower for oocytes aspirated with mm than or mm pressure and a syringe p embryo production efficiency of oocytes cultured developing to the blastocyst stage was higher for oocytes aspirated with mm and mm pressure and a syringe than mm pressure p these results demonstrate that the aspiration of ovine oocytes with an aspiration pressure of mm or aspiration with a needle and syringe are equally efficacious for the in IVP of embryos
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we review the current knowledge concerning this newly recognized pathogen pittsburgh pneumonia agent ppa and present a new comprehensive perspective of ppa based on our extensive clinical experience ppa pneumonia is more common and affects a broader range of patients than previously appreciated in the GP the disease is not distinguishable from acute pneumonia due to other causes because specialized diagnostic tests are required for detection it is likely that many cases in other hospitals go unrecognized diagnosis is important as erythromycin appears to improve outcome whereas betalactam antibiotics and AGs frequently used as empiric therapy for nosocomial bacterial pneumonias do not the presence of both ppa and l pneumophila in the same environmental CS and the discovery of seven cases of simultaneous infection by both organisms suggest that both organisms are likely to share a common reservoir within the hospital and a common mode of transmission ppa infection occurs in a more debilitated population than does LD this may represent differences in intensity of SE to the two organisms or may reflect inherent differences in virulence
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our knowledge of the avian sensory trigeminal system has been largely restricted to the principal trigeminal nucleus prv and its ascending projections to the forebrain studies addressing the cytoarchitecture and organization of afferent input to the sensory trigeminal complex which includes both the prv and the nuclei of the descending TG tract nttd have only been performed in pigeons and ducks here we extend such an analysis to a songbird the zebra finch taeniopygia guttata we describe the cytoarchitecture of the sensory trigeminal complex the patterns of calbindinlike and substance plike immunoreactivity and the organization of afferents from the three branches of the trigeminal nerve and from the lingual branch of the hypoglossal nerve on the basis of cytoarchitecture and immunohistochemistry the sensory TG column can be subdivided from caudal to rostral as in other species into cervical dorsal horn subnucleus caudalis subnucleus interpolaris subnucleus oralis and PrV the relative positions of the terminal fields of the three TG branches move from medial to lateral in the dorsal horn to dorsomedial to VL in nttd whereas in prv there is considerable overlap of mandibular and ophthalmic terminal fields with only a small maxillary input ventrally the HG afferents which terminate medially in the DH and dorsolaterally in nttd terminate in specific cell groups in the dorsolateral nttdo and in prv this work sets the grounds for further analyses of the ascending connections of the nttd and the afferents from the syrinx to the TG sensory column
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FPD pd dementia with lewy bodies dlb and multiple system atrophy msa are neurodegenerative disorders which have been pathologically classified as synucleinopathies since they are associated with pathognomonic deposits of misfolded alphasynuclein in cells of the nervous system recently pd dlb and msa were also suggested to be prionlike disorders much controversy exists regarding this analogy between synucleinopathies and prion diseases here we discuss what characterizes prion diseases and in which way synucleinopathies may be considered prionlike or unlike we critically review recent clinical and in vivo evidence from transmission studies to animals in support of or questioning the prion hypothesis of human synucleinopathies we conclude that although pd dlb and msa fulfill many criteria of prionlikeness they also still fail some of these criteria
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we report on the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab ivb for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma nvg a retrospective chart review of consecutive cases of nvg was performed the followup period was months average months all patients received mg cc of ivb followed by panretinal photocoagulation prp approximately week later in all cases there was a CR of iris and AC angle neovascularization however eyes showed a recurrence of neovascularization in case it recurred T3 months and in the second T3 months these patients received another ivb injection followed by additional prp which resulted in the resolution of the recurrent neovascularization glaucoma was controlled with topical eye drops CT in patients who had iris and angle neovascularization without IP anterior synechiae pas however patients with pas at the time of presentation needed subsequent glaucoma surgery our T0 suggests that ivb may be a valuable addition in the treatment of nvg by hastening the resolution of anterior segment neovascularization improving the results of glaucoma surgeries and appears to give longterm control when used in combination with prp
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the microbial surface and flocculability were qualitatively characterized through the combination of the surface thermodynamic and the extended dlvo approaches with ralstonia eutropha a polyhydroxybutyrateproducing bacterium as an example the N1 of the zeta potential of r eutropha decreased from the initial to mv in its cultivation with the consumption of glucose the total interfacial free SE deltagadh was changed from to mj m in its entire growth process this suggests that the bacterial surface changed from hydrophobic into hydrophilic resulting in an alteration of its surface characteristics and flocculability in its different growth phases as a result the stability ratio of suspensions increased with the increasing cultivation time indicating that the cell particles became more repulsive with each other and led to a more SD suspension of r eutropha in its cultivation the obtained information in this work might be useful for better understanding the surface characteristics and the flocculability and even manipulating its flocculability in the microbial growth process
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comparative genomics research in nonmodel species has highlighted how invertebrate hosts possess complex diversified repertoires of immune molecules the levels of diversification in particular immune gene families appear to differ between invertebrate lineages and even between species within lineages reflecting differences not only in evolutionary histories but also in life histories environmental niches and pathogen exposures the goal of this research was to identify immunerelated gene families experiencing high C2 of diversification in eastern oysters crassostrea virginica families containing transcripts differentially expressed in eastern oysters in response to bacterial challenge and a larger number of transcripts compared to other species included those coding for the cq and ctype lectin domain containing proteins cqdc and ctldc gtpase of the immuneassociated proteins gimap scavenger receptors sr fibrinogenc domain containing proteins also known as freps dopamine betahydrolase dbh interferoninducible ifi serine protease inhibitors apextrin and dermatopontin phylogenetic analysis of two of the families significantly expanded in bivalves ifi and gimap showed a patchy CSD within both protostomes and deuterostomes suggesting multiple independent losses and lineagespecific expansions increased availability of genomic information for a broader range of nonmodel species broadly distributed through vertebrate and invertebrate phyla will likely lead to improved knowledge on mechanisms of immunegene diversification
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rb AM macrophages am were separated into four subpopulations by centrifugation on discontinuous density gradients of percoll the subpopulations were compared to unseparated am populations for their ability to provide accessory function to Ad celldepleted splenocytes for antigenstimulated lymphoproliferation and for the production of lymphokine they were also tested for their ability to modulate in vitro plaqueforming pfc responses am subpopulations that provided accessory CF for the production of migration inhibitory factor mifcontaining SNs were recovered from the least dense fractions of the percoll gradients these cells were cytochemically characterized as mature cells am that suppressed the in vitro pfc response and augmented the antigenstimulated lymphoproliferative response to the greatest degree were recovered from the most dense fractions of the percoll gradients and were characterized as immature cells these results suggest that there are distinct subpopulations of am the function of which may represent different stages of maturation or differentiation
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human subjects were used in a T0 of auditory generalization following multipleresponse discrimination training the relations observed among stimulus intensity response probability and response RL were invariant with respect to whether the two vocal responses conditioned were topographically discrete as in one experiment or topographically continuous as in another the major findings were the probabilities associated with a specific response were maximal over several stimulus values at the extreme ends of the continuum then dropped sharply at stimuli intermediate to the initial sds as the probability of the alternative response increased overall response latency was inversely related to the relative frequency of the two responses at each CS- value when the two responses were most nearly equal in probability latencies were maximal when one response had close to unit or zero probability latencies were minimal analysis of the latencies of the two responses taken separately revealed a an increase in RL as the difference between the test stimulus and the initial sd increased b a sharp discontinuity in the latency gradient and reversal in trend at intermediate stimulus intensities and c at a given CS- value latencies associated with the stochastically dominant response were consistently shorter than those of the nondominant response no changes in response topography fundamental frequency were correlated with the characteristic changes in probability and latency during CS- generalization
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urodynamic assessment was performed in patients with urinary PS positively diagnosed as suffering from multiple sclerosis fiftyone patients had unequivocal bladder instability on filling cystometry the exception had inappropriate relaxation of the urethral sphincter at a small bladder capacity and low bladder pressure results of sphincter electromyography and synchronous cineradiography of voiding in a number of our patients led to the conclusion that many of these patients also suffer detrusor sphincter dyssynergia there was no rho between any measurable urodynamic parameter and the severity of the physical disability
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recent years have seen advances in our understanding of the neural circuits associated with traumarelated disorders and the development of relevant assays for these behaviors in rodents although inherited AF are known to influence individual differences in risk for these disorders it has been difficult to identify TPS genes that moderate circuit functions to affect traumarelated behaviors here we exploited robust inbred mouse CS differences in pavlovian fear extinction to uncover quantitative trait loci qtl associated with this trait we found these strain differences to be resistant to developmental crossfostering and associated with anatomical R2 in basolateral amygdala bla perineuronal nets which are developmentally implicated in extinction next by profiling extinctiondriven bla expression of qtllinked genes we nominated ppid peptidylprolyl isomerase d a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat tpr protein family as an extinctionrelated candidate gene we then showed that ppid was enriched in excitatory and inhibitory bla neuronal populations but at lower levels in the extinctionimpaired mouse strain using a virusbased approach to directly regulate ppid CF welights the potential of the serpentinizing oceanic lithosphere to generate and preserve organic EDC of abiotic origin in favour of the hydrothermal theory for the origin of life
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dendritic signals play an essential role in processing visual information in the retina to T0 them in neurites too small for electrical recording we developed an SF-36 that combines a multiphoton mp TSM wif juvenile brown trout taste buds the process is fast massive and selective as only a few cells in each taste buds are stained by SE of the oral cavity to the taste stimulant lcysteine together with a dye at degrees c LT degrees c and disruption of microtubules with nocodazole caused a substantial reduction in the number of taste cells stained indicating endocytic uptake of dye and transport towards the cell soma in LDV as endocytosis is evoked by the presence of ligands it is most likely that the stained cells are the socalled receptor cells which have taste receptors and the molecular machinery for downstream processing the number of stained taste cells and taste buds containing stained taste cells increased with the concentration of lcysteine control experiments with different dyes revealed great R2 in the ability to induce staining on their own in particular texas red dextran was efficient and stained many cells within each taste bud behavioural experiments demonstrated that texas red dextran is a deterrent taste substance for brown trout in fish first exposed to the stimulant lcysteine plus a dye and subsequently to a deterrent either TR or glycine the majority of stained cells were found in separate taste receptor cells indicating that the majority of taste receptors for stimulants and deterrents are expressed in separate taste buds these results also strengthen the assumption that the stained cells take part in the initiation of taste processes that are related to perception the functional implication of the induced endocytosis is discussed
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paraneurial adhesions have been implicated in the pathological progression of entrapment neuropathies surgical decompression of adhesions is often performed with the intent of restoring nerve kinematics the normal counterpart of adhesions native paraneurium is also thought to influence nerve deformation and mobility however influences of native or abnormal paraneurial structures on nerve kinematics have not been investigated we measured regional strains in rat sciatic nerves before and immediately T3 decompression of native paraneurial tissue and before and after decompression of abnormal paraneurial adhesions which formed within weeks of the initial decompression CS was significantly higher in the distalfemoral than in the midfemoral region of the nerve before either decompression decompression of native and abnormal paraneurial tissue removed this regional CS difference paraneurial tissues appear to play a major role in distributing IP nerve strain normal nerve strain distributions may be reconstituted following decompression even in the presence of paraneurial adhesions
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the product of snail gene is a repressor of ecadherin transcription and an inductor of the epithelialtomesenchymal transition in several epithelial RT cell lines in order to examine snail expression in animal and human tissues we have raised a monoclonal antibody mab that reacts with the RII domain of this protein analysis of murine embryos shows that snail is expressed in extraembryonic tissues and embryonic mesoderm in mesenchymal cells of lungs and dermis as well as in cartilage little reactivity was detected in AD tissues as snail was not constitutively expressed in most mesenchymal cells however snail expression was observed in activated fibroblasts involved in wound healing in mice skin moreover snail was detected in pathological conditions causing hyperstimulation of fibroblasts such as fibromatosis analysis of snail expression in PT revealed that it was highly expressed in sarcomas and fibrosarcomas in epithelial PT it presented a more limited distribution restricted to stromal cells placed in the vicinity of the RT and to tumoral cells in the same areas these results demonstrate that snail is present in G1 mesenchymal cells indicate its relevance in the communication between RT and stroma and suggest that it can promote the conversion of carcinoma cells to stromal cells
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iron overload caused by hereditary hemochromatosis or repeated blood transfusions in some diseases such as beta thal bone marrow failure and MDS syndrome can significantly induce injured bone marrow bm function as well as parenchyma organ dysfunctions however the effect of iron overload and its mechanism remain elusive in this T0 we investigated the effects of iron overload on the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells hspcs from a mouse model our results showed that iron overload markedly decreased the ratio and clonogenic CF of murine hspcs by the elevation of reactive oxygen species ros this finding is supported by the results of nac or dfx treatment which reduced ros level by inhibiting nox and pmapk and improved the LT and multilineage engrafment of iron overload hscs after transplantation therefore all of these data demonstrate that iron overload injures the hematopoiesis of bm by enhancing ros through nox and pmapk this will be helpful for the treatment of iron overload in patients with hematopoietic dysfunction
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hemosuccus pancreaticus a rare cause of intermittent upper gastrointestinal bleeding is usually caused by the rupture of an aneurysm associated with chronic pancreatitis segmental arterial mediolysis is a rare nonarteriosclerotic noninflammatory V1 disease characterized by vacuolization and lysis of the arterial smooth muscle cells segmental arterial mediolysis often causes IA hemorrhage through aneurysm rupture to our knowledge hemosuccus pancreaticus associated with segmental arterial mediolysis has not previously been reported
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in this T0 we investigated the functional connectivity in mild tbi mtbi patients with and without memory complaints using resting state fmri in the subacute stage of injury as well as a group of control participants results indicate that mtbi patients with memory complaints performed significantly worse than patients without SM complaints on tests assessing SM from the automated neuropsychological assessment metrics anam altered functional connectivity was observed between the three groups between the default mode network dmn and the NO of the task positive network tpn altered PET connectivity was also observed between both the tpn and dmn and nodes associated with the salience network sn following mtbi there is a reduction in anticorrelated networks for both those with and without memory complaints for the dmn but only a reduction in the anticorrelated network in mtbi patients with memory complaints for the tpn furthermore an increased functional connectivity between the tpn and sn appears to be associated with reduced performance on SM assessments overall the results suggest that a disruption in the segregation of the dmn and the tpn at rest may be mediated through both a direct pathway of increased fc between various NO of the tpn and dmn and through an indirect pathway that links the tpn and dmn through nodes of the sn this disruption between networks may cause a detrimental impact on SM SF-36 following mtbi supporting the default mode interference hypothesis in the context of mtbi related memory deficits
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women with ductal hyperplasia including usual ductal PH udh and atypical DH adh have an increased risk of developing invasive ductal carcinoma idc of breast the importance of several molecular markers in breast cancer has been of considerable interest during recent years such as p and estrogen receptor alpha eralpha however p nuclear accumulation and eralpha expression have not been assessed in ductal hyperplasia coexisting with ductal carcinoma in situ dcis or idc versus pure ductal hyperplasia without dcis or idc
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a yearold woman with a history of stage iv metastatic melanoma underwent treatment with the ctla blocking agent ipilimumab she presented months after initiating treatment with a severe headache laboratories were consistent with severe hyponatremia mri of the BB revealed enlargement of the pituitary gland enhancement of the INF and an enhancing centrally necrotic foci in the anterior PIT based on the clinical and radiographic findings she was diagnosed with treatmentrelated syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion siadh effective treatment consisted of fluid restriction hyperosmolar therapy and CS
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this T0 was designed to determine the proportion of patients with clinical stage i nonseminomatous germ SCT of the testis nsgctt managed with surveillance T3 orchidectomy who have more advanced disease and therefore require further treatment the TTP the sites of progression and the tau of treatment delayed until progression was recognized
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this study aimed to assess the application of ultrasonography for preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis rpf a total of patients with clinically suspected rpf underwent TA ultrasonography and ultrasoundguided histopathologic biopsy tauughb retroperitoneal fibrosis was diagnosed in patients of these cases received a diagnosis using tauughb the ultrasonographic images mainly showed solid irregular isoechoic masses which were present behind the retroperitoneum and surrounded the ABD aorta inferior VC and ureters and had clear borders with the encapsulated structures compared with other RP lesions rpf lesions were mainly located below the initial level of the renal artery and their internal flow signals were not rich p RPF had characteristic ultrasonographic features and CD ultrasoundguided biopsy could be positioned accurately safely and efficiently therefore tauughb can be used as an ERP modality for preoperative diagnosis of rpf
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the mouse hybridoma L1 bdelta secretes a monoclonal igd lambda antihydroxynitrophenylacetyl np antibody with defined idiotypic determinants two spontaneous vregion variants bvv with altered idiotope DP were selected and the structural R2 was located to the variable region of the heavy chain the amino acid sequences of the b delta and variant heavy chain v regions were determined the variant vh regions are MZ wildtype and variant vh regions differ in positions single amino acid exchanges are found in the first and second FR at positions and the majority of replacements eight substitutions is clustered in the second complementarydetermining region cdr there are no differences in cdr and crd and the jh region the variant which at first glance appears to have undergone a series of point mutations arose by recombination possibly gene conversion between the rearranged vdj gene of the wildtype bdelta and a neighbouring germ line vh gene encoding all of the substitutions
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the normal rise of circulating endogenous GC gcs in response to immunological stimuli can be impaired in patients with inflammatory diseases the aim of this T0 was to investigate whether abolition of the endogenous gcs response promotes local production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour CN factor TNF in challenged airways and affects the cellular response in rats in adrenalectomized or sham operated rats the trachea and main bronchi were lavaged at various times T3 intratracheal instillation of low dose lipopolysaccharide lps tnfalpha in lavage fluid and plasma corticosterone were measured and cells were differentiated in ADX lpsinduced in the airways a biphasic tnfalpha PR peaking at and h whereas in sham operated rats the second peak was absent probably inhibited by the strong rise of plasma corticosterone the second peak was abolished in adrenalectomized rats by i.c.v. with exogenous gcs the lpsinduced PMNL influx and a decrease in mononuclear cells were prolonged in ADX in conclusion abolition of the endogenous glucocorticosteroid response promotes the late PR of tumour CN factoralpha in the airways and prolongs the cellular response this suggests that a normal rise of endogenous glucocorticosteroid after an immunological trigger contributes to a dampening of the late inflammatory activity
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although physical growth in early life is associated with the risk of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders in adulthood few studies have focused upon the associations between growth and dimensional personality traits we examined the associations between pre and postnatal growth in height weight and body mass index bmi and fivefactor MM dimensions in adulthood from the helsinki birth cohort study participants completed the neo personality inventory neopi at an average age of years growth estimates were derived based on medical records adjusting for gestational length and sociodemographic variables birth weight showed a quadratic association with neuroticism participants with low birth weight scored the highest on neuroticism larger ponderal index at birth predicted higher agreeableness while average ponderal index predicted higher conscientiousness bmi and weight growth trajectories from birth to adulthood were associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness more specifically less bmi and WG between and years andor between years and adulthood were associated with higher conscientiousness and higher agreeableness height and weight growth trajectories from birth to adulthood were associated with extraversion faster height and weight growth between birth and months slower height growth between and years and faster WG between years and adulthood were associated with higher extraversion openness to experience was not associated with growth this longitudinal T0 supports an association between pre and postnatal physical growth and of the fivefactor model personality dimensions in adulthood
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macrophages coexpress both the interleukin ilrγ chain γc and ilrα these receptor chains can heterodimerize with ilrα to form type i or type ii il receptor complexes respectively we used macrophages derived from ilrg and ilra KO ko mice to evaluate the requirements for these receptor chains for induction of the alternative macrophage activation ama pathway by il and il absence of γc significantly decreased activation of stat by il but not il however although activation of stat by il was markedly reduced in γc ko macrophages it was not abolished indicating that il can still signal through type ii IL-2R via the ilrα chain il failed to activate stat in macrophages derived from ilra ko mice however these cells remained fully responsive to il the inability of il but not il to signal in ilra macrophages correlated with the inability of il but not il to induce expression of genes such as arg retnla and ccl that are characteristically expressed by alternatively activated macrophages in addition il but not il failed to induce membrane F0 and giant cell formation by ilra ko macrophages these findings demonstrate that the ilrα chain is essential for induction of the ama pathway by il but not il
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adrenocorticotropic hormone acth has been used as the L1 therapy for IS since because it effectively suppresses seizures it also normalizes the electroencephalogram in the ST treatment of IS g proteinregulated inducer of neurite outgrowth grin also known as nmethyldaspartate receptor nmdar a glutamate receptor is the main component of PET nmethyldaspartic acid receptors that are involved in the glucocorticoidinduced neuronal damage thus it may be a candidate gene to be tested for responsiveness to acth in infantile spasms in the present study polymorphisms in the grin gene in infantile spasms were investigated using a casecontrol design
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eleven strains of eikenella corrodens with betalactamase activity were isolated from a patient with refractory periodontitis who had previously been treated with penicillin antibiotics these strains were relatively resistant to benzylpenicillin amoxicillin and ampicillin mics greater than or equal to microgramsml susceptible to amoxicillinclavulanate mics less than or equal to microgramsml and moderately susceptible to cephalothin and cephaloridine mics to microgramsml the addition of microgram of potassium clavulanate a betalactamase inhibitor per ml resulted in a significant increase in the susceptibilities of these strains to PCs but not to cephalosporins potassium clavulanate had no effect on nonbetalactamaseproducing strains enzyme production was constitutive since activity was not increased when cells were cultivated in the presence of benzylpenicillin CEA was strongly inhibited by potassium clavulanate sulbactam and iodine weakly inhibited by cloxacillin imipenem and moxalactam but not inhibited by aztreonam edta or pchloromercuribenzoate by gel infiltration the enzyme had an estimated molecular mass of kda isoelectric focusing of the partially purified enzyme gave a L1 betalactamase band at ph and a minor band at ph plasmids were ND in any of the betalactamasepositive strains this enzyme is considered to belong to class a of the bush classification scheme
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the copperii metalorganic FR mof cuηκnnnκoolnon l terpyridinylbenzyloxybenzoate has been synthesized from a flexible bifunctionalised terpyridine species hl it was characterized by elemental ftir powder and single crystal xray diffraction analyses single crystal xray crystallography of shows a d polymeric architecture whose topological analysis illustrates a uninodal connected net having topological type c shows good catalytic activity and selectivity towards the hydrocarboxylation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanecarboxylic acid in wateracetonitrile or waterionic liquid bmpyrntf bmpyr butyl methylpyrrolidinium ntf bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide medium it can be recycled and reused without any significant loss of catalytic efficiency this study provides the first example of an efficient alkane hydrocarboxylation to carboxylic acid in an ionic liquid and under mild conditions
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seven biospecific adsorbents containing immobilized androgens were synthesized dihydrotestosterone betasuccinyl agarose and both the unsubstituted and the betaacetyl derivatives of dihydrotestosterone alphaundecanoyl agarose testosterone alphaundecanoyl agarose and nortestosterone alphaundecanoyl agarose the retention capacities for nuclear androgen receptor were generally between with little R2 in reproducibility the amount of binding was greatest with dihydrotestosterone betasuccinyl agarose and dihydrotestosterone betaacetoxy alphaundecanoyl agarose rapid flow rates were obtained with all gels and no tendency for decomposition was observed over a period of year AF that affected retention included the concentration of immobilized androgen length of the linker arm occupation of receptor CS interval of contact with the gel and temperature of incubation chemical dissociation of androgens from androgen receptor complexes with mm mersalyl increased the retention of receptor by dihydrotestosterone betasuccinyl agarose two elutants showed promise for the dissociation of gelbound receptor mm mersalyl in the presence of mgml of ovalbumin vv dimethylformamidewater containing microm h dihydrotestosterone and m sodium thiocyanate
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traumatic BB injury tbi is one of the largest health problems in the united states and affects both cognitive and motor function although weakness is common in tbi patients few studies have demonstrated a reduction in strength in models of brain injury we have developed a behavioral method to measure volitional forelimb strength and quantify forelimb weakness following traumatic brain injury in this paper we report the ability of the isometric pull task to measure both acute and chronic impairments in forelimb motor CF following a controlled cortical impact cci in rodents following cci volitional forelimb strength is reduced by and remains significantly reduced T3 weeks of postlesion training we also show that cci results in impairment of multiple additional measures of forelimb function for several weeks postinjury
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removal of the arterial sheath immediately after ptca is desirable for patients reduces the medical staffs workload and may decrease hospital costs due to a shortened length of stay although the safety and efficacy of the hemostatic systems used especially for the above purpose have been sufficiently documented inadvertent intraluminal vascular occlusion is theoretically possible while partial or complete arterial occlusion in conjunction with the vasoseal collagen prototype device has been previously reported similar complications occurring with the angioseal device were not published in this report we describe a year old female patient height cm weight kg who was transferred for ptca following an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction immediately after ptca the angioseal device was deployed utilizing standard technique no difficulties were encountered during device deployment however immediately following device placement AS arterial one occurred due to the inadequacy of hemostasis heparin was reversed with protamine to avoid further hemorrhagic complications following this the desired hemostasis quickly occurred but the patient soon complained about symptoms suggestive of an acute occlusion of the RA FA unsatisfactory attempts at lysis resulted in the patient being transferred to V1 surgery the complete angioseal system anchor including collagen was located intravascularly and removed during surgery this case report demonstrates that even an experienced examiner can inadvertently deploy the angioseal CR intraarterially in addition to the known contraindication IP arterial occlusive disease we recommend that the angioseal device not be utilized in patients of small physical size
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to determine the effect of intracameral i.t. of preservativefree lidocaine and carbachol on CE cells of rabbits
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this study investigated a representative set of parameters characterizing center of pressure movements sway in seated balancing with the aims to determine testretest reliability to clarify the interrelations between these parameters and to determine which parameters were related to balance loss in seated balancing subjects volunteered to perform three s seated balancing trials in a single session ten subjects lost balance on all three trials lost balance on one or two trials the testretest reliability of postural sway parameters was poor with all intraclass correlations below and below for parameters sway parameters were strongly intercorrelated and many parameters thus provide little added value parameters that had no intercorrelations above comprised three conventional summary statistics of center of pressure cop movements and parameters reflecting the temporal structure of the cop trajectories none of the parameters was related with balance loss in univariate analyses while multivariate models revealed that higher sway velocity and a lower shortterm diffusion coefficient were related with less balance loss this indicates that a multivariate assessment of cop trajectories is necessary to characterize balancing performance
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glu apodecarboxylase was activated by incubation with succinic semialdehyde and PMP activation required both compounds and was highly selective for SSA of analogs tested only glyoxylate Pyr oxaloacetate and oxoglutarate G1 the apoenzyme significantly but much higher concentrations of these compounds than of succinic semialdehyde were required in the presence of PMP the concentration of SSA giving halfmaximal activation of apoenzyme was microm in contrast the ki for succinic semialdehyde as a competitive inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylation was mm indicating that apoenzyme with bound PMP has a much higher affinity for succinic semialdehyde than does holoenzyme the concentration of PM phosphate giving halfmaximal activation was microm which is more than an order of magnitude greater than the corresponding value for pyridoxal phosphate
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we studied the effect of ID on liver regeneration and innate immunity RB of pmn
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we postulated that the redistribution of organ blood flow that occurs in hyperdynamic sepsis is secondary to organspecific alterations in V1 reactivity chronically instrumented rats were randomized to cecal ligation and perforation clp n or to a control procedure n cardiac output increased from mlmin at baseline to mlmin at h after clp p versus control values mean blood pressure did not NC in either group small arterial ring segment to microns ERP lumen radius from the pulmonary renal celiac and femora arteries were obtained for determination of in vitro responsiveness maximal contractile responses to three receptoroperated contractile agonists were significantly depressed in the pulmonary p and the celiac p arteries from clp versus control rats the renal artery showed a trend toward decreased responsiveness p but not difference was seen in the FA p ec values were unchanged a similar but less marked pattern was observed for kciinduced contractions in that depressed responses were noted in the pulmonary p and celiac p arteries vasodilator responses to acetylcholine were normal in all vessels nitroprusside relaxant responses were enhanced in the pulmonary artery p but they were normal in the other vessels we conclude that hyperdynamic normotensive sepsis is associated with an organspecific alteration of V1 smooth muscle function that particularly affects receptoroperated contractile responses the differential expression of this altered V1 responsiveness between organs may contribute to the observed variance in regional blood flows in sepsis
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cellobiose dehydrogenase cdh of schizophyllum commune was purified to homogeneity it is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of cellulosic substrates can imately times as active as fluorodocetaxel a in terms of cytotoxicity in addition the furyl h and pyrrolyl p analogues showed activity comparable or superior to that of docetaxel
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the prolactin prlprolactin receptor prlr signaling complex has been implicated in the pathology of breast and prostate carcinoma a multitude of prooncogenic intracellular signaling pathways are G1 by prl in breast and prostate epithelial cells leading to enhanced cellular proliferation survival and tumorigenesis in numerous model systems emerging evidence suggests that targeting the prlprlr axis in human cancer may represent an unexploited avenue for therapeutic intervention and given the extensive crosstalk between prlr and other signal transduction pathways a potential means through which other anticancer agents could be rendered more efficacious in the clinic lfa is a potent antiprlr neutralizing antibody that efficiently abrogates the CF of this receptor in vivo mediating significant antitumor effects in preclinical models the clean safety profile of this antibody in animals and in the clinical experiences to date suggests that blocking the prlr signaling pathway in human tumors may have few significant toxicologic consequences and may be a promising approach to treating CA a phase i trial in patients with breast and prostate CA is underway to better understand the clinical utility of lfa and the contribution of prl to the maintenance and progression of human CA
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extracellular single unit activity was recorded in the GP of waking macaca fascicularis during passive limb movement the main upper and lower limb joints were investigated bilaterally the animals were either IN or rendered PD by the neurotoxin methylphenyltetrahydropyridine mptp cell counts showed that at least of nigral SN of the compactatype were degenerated in the PD animals in the intact animals only of the pallidal SN responded to the natural stimulus as already reported by others the responses were typically related to movement about a single CL joint and in only one direction in the parkinsonian animals however more SN responded often more vigorously to the same stimulation in many of these neurons the responses were elicited by movement about more than one joint of both upper and lower limbs or ipsiand contralateral sides and in more than one direction the increase in number and magnitude and loss of specificity of responses were much greater in the internal pallidal segment where the number of responding SN quadrupled these results suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms regulate gain and selectivity in the basal ganglia in animals with decreased dopaminergic functions the excessive and unselective motor responses may explain all L1 signs of PD rigidity tremor and akinesia
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kinematic assessments of the UL during MICs of daily living adls are used as an objective measure of UL CF the implementation of adls varies between studies whilst some make use of props and define a functional target others use simplified tasks to simulate the movements in adls simulated tasks have been used as an attempt to reduce the C1 movement R2 associated with the upper limb however it is not known whether simulated tasks replicate the movements required to CR adls or reduce movement R2 the aim of this study is to evaluate the use of simulated tasks in UL assessments in comparison to PET movements therefore answering the following questions do simulated tasks replicate the movements required of the upper limb to perform PET activities do simulated tasks reduce intra and intersubject movement variability fourteen participants were asked to perform five PET tasks eat wash retrieve from shelf comb and perineal care using two approaches a PET and a simulated approach joint rotations were measured using an optoelectronic system differences in movement and movement R2 between functional and simulated tasks were evaluated for the thorax shoulder elbowforearm and wrist rotations simulated tasks did not accurately replicate the movements required for adls and there were minimal differences in movement R2 between the two approaches the study recommends the use of functional tasks with props for future assessments of the UL
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the progesterone receptor pr a ligandactivated transcription factor recruits the primary coactivator steroid receptor coactivator src gene promoters it is known that pr transcriptional activity is paradoxically coupled to its liganddependent downregulation however despite its importance in pr CF the regulation of src expression level during hormonal SE is poorly understood here we report that src expression level but not other p family members is downregulated by the agonist ligand r in a prdependent manner in contrast the antagonist ru fails to induce downregulation of the coactivator and impairs pr agonistdependent Kd of src we show that src proteolysis is a proteasome and ubiquitinmediated process that predominantly but not exclusively occurs in the cytoplasmic compartment in which src colocalizes with proteasome antigens as demonstrated by confocal imaging moreover src was stabilized in the presence of leptomycin b or several proteasomal inhibitors two degradation motifs aminoacids corresponding to a pest motif and amino acids located in the basic helix loop helix domain of the coactivator were identified and shown to control the stability as well as the HD downregulation of the coactivator src Kd is of physiological importance because the two nondegradable mutants that still interacted with pr as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation failed to stimulate transcription of exogenous and endogenous target genes suggesting that concomitant prsrc liganddependent degradation is a necessary step for pr transactivation activity collectively our findings are consistent with the emerging role of proteasomemediated proteolysis in the generegulating process and indicate that the liganddependent downregulation of src is critical for pr transcriptional activity
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to elucidate the mechanism of the exceptional SMB of lysine for the ionization protonation yields in matrixassisted laser desorptionionization maldi observed by nishikaze and takayama rapid commun mass spectrom the temperature dependences of proton affinity pa and gas phase basicity for amino acids are theoretically analyzed with correlated mo method under ideal gas condition we have found that two different conformations the linear structure with elongation of the side chain and the folded one having intramolecular hydrogen bonding play important roles for the exceptional behavior of lysine at low temperatures of around k the most stable conformation of the protonated lysine is the folded structure due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding meanwhile at high temperatures the gibbs free SE of linear structure of protonated lysine becomes lower than that of the folded one because of the increment of vibrational entropic contribution to explicitly take account of the contribution of the free energies we have proposed the effective pa values thermally averaged using the ratio of boltzmann distributions for two conformations since the ERP pa value for lysine drastically decreases as the temperature increases above k the linear correlation is clearly obtained between our effective pa values at high temperature and the ion yields in maldi
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crossed immunoelectrophoresis cie has been used to develop a REF system for classifying mycobacterial antigens the subsequent use of TPS antibodies allowed further determination of antigens by molecular weight the monoclonal antibody f originally raised against a kda antigen of mycobacterium kansasii reacted with antigen ag in the cie reference system for BCG bcg and mycobacterium tuberculosis to characterize ag we screened a lambda gt gene library from m tuberculosis with antibody f and identified the encoding gene the corresponding mycobacterium leprae ag gene was subsequently selected from a cosmid library using the m tuberculosis gene as a probe both genes were expressed as kda proteins in escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins indeed corresponded to ag in the cie REF system the derived amino acid sequences of the m tuberculosis and m leprae proteins showed identity which indicates that ag constitutes a group of highly conserved mycobacterial antigens antibodies of almost of LL patients responded to ag indicating that the protein is highly immunogenic following infection in multibacillary leprosy
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the ontogeny of the innervation of human lymphoid organs has not been studied in detail our aim was to assess the nature and distribution of parenchymal nerves in human fetal thymus and SP we used the peroxidase immunohistochemical technique with antibodies specific to neuronspecific enolase nse neurofilaments nf pgp s protein and tyrosine hydroxylase th and evaluated our results with image analysis in human FT nse nf s pgp and thpositive SN were identified associated with large blood vessels from gestational weeks gw onwards increasing in density during OD their branches penetrated the septal Az at gw reaching the cortex and the corticomedullary junction between and gw few nerve fibers were seen in the medulla in close association with HC in human fetal spleen nse nf s pgp and thpositive nerve fibers were localized in the connective tissue surrounding the SA at gw perivascular nse nf s pgp and thpositive nerve SF were seen extending into the white pulp mainly in association with the CE artery and its branches increasing in density during gestation scattered nse nf s pgp and thpositive nerve fibers and endings were localized in the red pulp from gw onward the predominant perivascular CSD of most PC SN implies that thymic and splenic innervation may play an important functional role during intrauterine life
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the lateral CSD of PC in the thylakoid lumen of spinach and pea chloroplasts was studied by combining ICC localization and kinetic measurements of p reduction at high time resolution in darkadapted chloroplasts the concentration of plastocyanin in the photosystem i containing stroma CM exceeds that in photosystem ii containing grana membranes by a factor of about two under these conditions the reduction of p with a halftime of microseconds T3 a laser flash of saturating intensity indicates that to greater than of total photosystem i a PC molecule is bound an analysis of the labeling densities the length of the different lumenal regions and the total amounts of PC and p shows that most of the remaining presumable mobile PC is found in the granal lumen this CSD of PC is consistent with a more negative surface charge density in the stromal than in the granal lumen during illumination the concentration of plastocyanin in grana increases at the expense of that in stroma lamellae indicating a lightdriven DWI from stroma to grana regions our observations provide evidence that a high concentration of plastocyanin in grana in the CS favors the lateral electron transport from cytochrome bf complexes in appressed grana across the long distance to PS i in nonappressed stroma CM
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inulintype FOS fos purified from morinda officinalis with degrees of polymerization dp from to have been approved in china as an oral prescribed drug for mild and moderate depression episode while the stability and oral absorption of this fos mixtures are largely unknown as the main active component and SQ control marker for above fos dp was selected as the representative fos in this T0 desalting method by ion exchange resin was developed to treat biosample followed by separation and quantification by high performance liquid chromatographycharged aerosol detector results showed that the dp was stepwisely hydrolyzed in simulated gastric fluid and gut microbiota while maintained SD in intestinal fluid dp has poor permeability across caco monolayer with p
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cephalometry morphologic alterations can be found in a great deal of patients with osas predisposing to the rise of sleep apnea in addition to preexisting investigations we developed a cephalometric analysis to judge these alterations in patients with osas comparing patients to healthy people pharyngeal obstructions could be found in more than one third of the patients usually combined with a retrognathic dolichofacial morphology
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in akr mouse cells chronically INF with a L1210 virus treatment with interferon for nine days resulted in sustained inhibition of extracellular production of L1210 virus but no inhibition of viral intracellular p antigen or of reverse transcriptase removal of interferon resulted in rapid reversal of these effects interferontreated mouse lcells were INF with high multiplicities of vesicular stomatitis virus or herpes simplex virus type infectious virus and intracellular viral antigen were rapidly eliminated from the interferontreated cultures infected with herpes simplex virus in cultures INF with VSV-G titers of virus remained low in interferontreated cells but T3 about two weeks they rose rapidly and the cultures were destroyed if treatment with interferon was reinstituted as late as nine days T3 primary infection infectious vesicular stomatitis virus was eliminated and there was no evidence for survival of the viral genome in these cultures in the cultures infected with mu leukemia virus inhibition of production of virus by treatment with interferon was possible but the viral genome was not eliminated in cells acutely INF with VSV-G or herpes simplex virus however the viral genomes were apparently eliminated from cultures treated with interferon
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the regulation of epithelial cell function and morphogenesis by the paracrine effectors from the mesenchyme or stroma has been well established using invivo studies a more complete understanding of these relationships has been delayed due in part to a lack of appropriate coculture models in this T0 we describe a coculture model which demonstrates that normal paracrine relationships can be reconstituted in vitro and that human ES cells regulate both growth and differentiation of primary human endometrial epithelial cells interesting differences in the proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells were noted in response to the Matrigel matrigelr exposure of stromal cells to matrigelr enhanced the paracrine capacity of these cells in vitro when epithelial cells were cocultured in contact with stromal cells embedded in matrigelr epithelial cell growth was inhibited by compared to controls stromal cells in contact with matrigelr also regulated epithelial cell differentiation as shown by induction of glycodelin expression these coculture studies show great promise as a method to investigate the cellular interactions between endometrial stromal and epithelial cells and their environment and to understand the molecular basis for the regulation of normal growth and differentiation of cells within complex tissues such as the endometrium
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to verify the applicability and validity of timefrequency analysis tfa of CEP ep signals in detecting the integrity of spinal cord function and preventing spinal cord injury
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wöhler in was the first chemist to synthesize urea in towards the endthe number of aberrant crypt foci by and in groups given or maximum tolerated dose mtd of sac respectively the number of aberrant crypt foci however was not changed when sac was given during the promotion period gst activity in the liver was increased significantly by h after a single oral administration of mmolkg sac and this elevated gst level was maintained over a h period gst C2 were increased significantly by the administration of sac mmolkg day for days not only in the liver but also in the PT and middle SB isozyme C2 of gst T3 administration of sac were also determined using WB hepatic gstalpha and gstmu were significantly increased by and respectively T3 p.o. of sac gstpi C2 were lower than the detection limit ngmgprotein in both the control and sactreated CG these results strongly support the previous working hypothesis that sac exhibits chemopreventive activity by exerting TPS effects on carcinogen detoxification systems
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the aim of this study was to compare PS and anterior segment tolerability with shortterm day administration of oncedaily timolol hemihydrate timolol maleate in sorbate and generic timolol maleate gelforming solution in the treatment of glaucoma andor OHT
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although the effectiveness of neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet ndyag laser and fluoride anticaries treatment has been established most previous studies focused on smooth tooth surfaces we evaluated the anticaries effects of ndyag laser combined with fluoride varnish duraphat on cariessusceptible pit and fissure areas
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in moderate to highrisk GA surgical patients the cost effectiveness of mechanical prophylaxis for A-V thromboembolism vte is uncertain therefore we determined the costs and savings of intermittent pneumatic compression ipc plus graduated compression stockings gcs
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a novel form of experimentallyinduced conflict SMB based on the conditioned suppression of drinking csd is described and compared with two conventional animal models of human anxietya modified gellerseifter and an estesskinner CS emotional response procedure the csd procedure offered significant advantages over the two operant procedures in that the session duration was short min and the acquisition of SD behavioral baselines was rapid approximately weeks like the more conventional procedures the csd paradigm permitted the simultaneous determination of drug effects on shocksuppressed and nonsuppressed responding as estimates of antianxiety and sedative properties respectively with the csd procedure the anticonflict profiles for the benzodiazepines were highly correlated with their relative clinical antianxiety potency therefore the csd procedure appears to be a valuable tool in screening for possible antianxiety agents as well as in the behavioral testing of mechanism of action hypotheses regarding such agents
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we present an adult patient with rupture of the right sinus of valsalva aneurysm in whom the twodimensional transesophageal echocardiogram failed to show the rupture on the other hand livereal time threedimensional transesophageal echocardiography clearly delineated the site of rupture into the pericardium and mediastinum
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the ability to regulate mRNA constitutes a prerequisite for the OD of gene therapy strategies aimed at the treatment of neurologic disorders in the present work we used tetracycline tetregulated LVs to investigate the dosedependent neuroprotective effect of human ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf in the quinolinic acid qa MM of huntingtons disease hd the tet system was split in two lentiviruses the first one containing the cntf or green FL protein gfp cdnas under the control of the tetresponse element tre and a second vector encoding the Tat tta preliminary coinfection study demonstrated that of INF cells contain at least two viral copies adult rats were then injected with cntf and gfpexpressing viral vectors followed weeks later by an intrastriatal administration of qa a significant reduction of apomorphineinduced rotations was observed in the cntfon group in contrast gfptreated animals or cntfoff rats displayed an ipsilateral turning behavior in response to AP a selective sparing of darpp choline acetyltransferase chat and nadphdpositive neurons was observed in the striatum of cntfon rats compared to gfp animals and cntfoff group enzymelinked immunosorbent CA elisa performed on striatal samples of rats sacrificed at the same time point indicated that this neuroprotective effect was associated with the production of ng cntf per milligram of protein whereas the residual cntf expression in the off state ngmg of protein was not sufficient to protect against qa toxicity these results establish the proof of principle of neurotrophic factor dosing for neurodegenerative diseases and demonstrate the feasibility of lentiviralmediated tetracyclineregulated gene transfer in the BB
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various lipophilic cations such as quinacrine mustard and dequalinium which are known to inhibit mitochondrial fatpase strongly inhibited vacuolar hatpase purified from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules QM bound irreversibly to vacuolar hatpase subunit a and the kda accessory polypeptide and dithiothreitol had no effect the binding was competitively inhibited by chlorpromazine and quinacrine and these EDC specifically reduced the amount of labeling of subunit a quinacrine mustard also prevented the IB of alphapatp to subunit a but had no effect on the IB of hnethylmaleimide to either S1 a or the kda accessory polypeptide these results suggest that the IB site of quinacrine mustard in subunit a is not related to the nethylmaleimidebinding CS which is important for activity
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there is evidence for enhanced hypothalamopituitaryadrenal axis hpaa activity in centrally obese premenopausal women this has led to the hypothesis that increased cortisol production rates may be an aetiological factor in the genesis of CE obesity however the relationship of obesity and body fat distribution to hpaa activity in men and PM women has not been established we carried out crh tests in men and postmenopausal women we measured h urine cortisol metabolites prior to the crh test in each subject as an indication of cortisol production rate there was a significant direct relationship between CE obesity as measured by the ratio of subscapulartriceps skinfold thickness strand the acthcortisol response to crh in men but not in PM women there was no relationship between obesity or body fat distribution and h urine cortisol metabolites this study provides evidence for hyperactivity of the hpaa in centrally obese men but not in postmenopausal women
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the effects on intracranial pressure icp cerebral perfusion pressure cpp and eeg monitored by cerebral function monitor cfm were compared after bolus administration of mannitol n and thiopentone n to control intracranial hypertension in severely head injured patients mannitol increased cpp in of occasions and thiopentone in only p thiopentone caused a mean increase in cpp kpa mmhg when the minimum prebolus voltage of cfm was above microv and a fall in cpp kpa mmhg when cortical electrical activity was already severely depressed p when prebolus cfm was below microv mannitol was superior to thiopentone this different effect on cpp was due to a significantly greater fall in mean arterial pressure in the thiopentone subgroup versus kpa mmhg mmhg p severe and unpredictable SH occurred particularly in the thiopentone low cfm subgroup this symptomatic therapy seems inadequate but a targeted treatment of intracranial hypertension could be possible only with a more sophisticated monitoring including continuous data on CBF blood flow and adequacy to metabolic demand
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distance education is becoming ever more important in providing continuing post basic and especially postgraduate education to practising professional persons including nurses as more and more institutions in the republic of south africa offer distance education courses to nurses it is essential to take note of the positive and negative experiences of successful graduates of these programmes in order to enhance the learning opportunities and the success rate of nurses pursuing such distance education courses a brief historical overview is provided about the university of SA unisa and about the department of advanced nursing sciences at this distance education university this background information should assist the reader in contextualising the research findings questionnaires were posted to all unisas ba cur graduates the research report focuses on the ba cur nursing graduates biographic data their experiences of pursuing distance education post basic nursing courses their positive and negative perceptions of these experiences and their recommendations for enhancing other students success
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the objective of this study was first to evaluate whether irradiation treatment of a commercial colostrum replacer cr affected acquisition of passive immunity if the irradiation treatment negatively affected the acquisition of passive immunity the second objective was to evaluate whether an increased total igg mass in a single feeding of cr derived from bovine serum fractions could compensate for this effect acquisition of passive immunity was assessed by h serum igg C2 serum protein levels apparent efficiency of absorption aea of igg and the ability to prevent failure of passive transfer fpt in dayold dairy calves fed a single feeding of cr singledose packs of cr were sent to a commercial irradiation facility for electronbeam irradiation at to kgy low irradiation or to kgy high irradiation fiftysix holstein jersey or crossbred calves were randomly assigned to of treatments g of igg g of cr no irradiation g of igg g of cr low irradiation g of igg g of cr low irradiation g of igg g of cr low irradiation and g of igg g of cr high irradiation all cr were reconstituted in water and mixed in a household blender to a constant solids concentration of increasing doses of irradiation g of ig with no low or high irradiation resulted in a linear decrease in h serum igg and aea of igg and increased the percentage of calves with fpt increasing the igg mass in the cr and g of ig with low irradiation resulted in a linear increase in h serum igg and serum total protein C2 and a linear decrease in aea of igg there was no effect of increasing the mass of igg fed on the percentage of calves with fpt the correlation between serum igg and SS total protein at h was positive however at h the irradiation treatments reduced the SS iggtoserum total protein ratio in this T0 cr isolated from bovine SS providing g of igg in the first feeding and receiving either no irradiation or a low irradiation treatment was sufficient to prevent fpt in calves
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stearoylarachidonoylglycerol sag kinase was identified in the particulate fraction of pig testes this activity was enriched by hydroxyapatite and blue dye chromatography the enzyme was selective for PUFA DG species and activity was not modulated by other diradylglycerol species or sphingomyelin metabolites further purification resulted in the isolation of and kda proteins that corresponded with sag kinase activity these results support the view that the phosphorylation of PUFA diradylglycerol is regulated by structural determinants in the molecule
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the epsteinbarr virus ebv has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of HD disease western cases of hodgkins disease have shown the presence of ebv in hodgkin and RS cells in approximately we studied a total of consecutive cases of HD disease from malaysia with the aim to elucidate its association with ebv in a multiethnic asian population of patients less than years of age childhood had CP HD disease eight nodular sclerosis MC one lymphocyte depleted and nine had lymphocyte predominance HD disease of the from patients aged years and above had nodular sclerosis mixed cellularity two lymphocyte depleted one unclassifiable and six lymphocyte predominance HD disease the ethnic CSD of CP HD disease was malay chinese and indian malaychineseindian and the ethnic CSD in the cases of LP HD disease was malay four chinese and indian one taking into account the ethnic distribution of the GP and of hospital admissions there appears to be a significant predilection of CP HD disease cases in ethnic indian compared to nonindian patients chisquared test p eightyone cases were tested for the presence of ebv by in situ hybridization for EBER and cases by immunostaining for ebv latent membrane protein in the younger age group all except one of the cases nine mixed cellularity six NS showed the presence of ebv in the older age group ebv was detected in the following proportion nodular sclerosis MC lymphocyte depleted unclassifiable none of the cases of lymphocyte predominance hodgkins disease showed the presence of ebv in the hodgkin and RS cells the findings suggest a strong association of ebv with HD disease in malaysians in particular childhood cases in adults the association with ebv is significantly higher in the mixed cellularity AT1 compared with the nodular sclerosis AT1
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despite L1 advances in hiv research eradication of hiv from the body is not yet possible however current antiretroviral arv therapy can achieve disease control via viral suppression below the limits of detection of currently available assays this has led to a marked decline in morbidity and mortality associated with the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies since viral suppression appears to be the most achievable goal of current therapy there arises a need for new and more potent arv agents in order to maintain viral suppression many of the currently available PIs pis have a high proteinbinding ability short plasma halflife and pharmacokinetic interactions with food or other drugs this can result in suboptimal plasma drug concentrations which may allow the virus to break through and replicate leading to the OD of resistant mutants lopinavirritonavir lpvr kaletra abbott laboratories is a new pi consisting of a coformulation of lopinavir and lowdose RTV the subtherapeutic dose of ritonavir a potent cytochrome p cyp a inhibitor inhibits the metabolism of lopinavir resulting in higher lopinavir concentrations than when LPV is administered CT this pharmacokinetic interaction is associated with a high lopinavir trough levelwild type median ERP concentration ec ratio and good general tolerability when compared with other currently licensed pis the concept of pharmacokinetic enhancement boosting is not new as RTV has previously been utilised in this context with other pis the relationship between plasma and intracellular drug levels has yet to be clarified what has been ascertained from pharmacokinetic studies thus far is the rho between arv trough plasma concentrations cmin and virological outcome lpvr exemplifies how the pharmacokinetinal connectivity is dependent on knowing how these axonal pathways are organized and how they form during OD here we have applied a genetic RPA to this problem we have constructed by gene targeting novel strains of mice in which either all osns or those that express a TPS or gene m or m also produce green fluorescent protein gfp or a fusion of tau with gfp we visualized osns and their axons in whole mounts with twophoton LSM the main conclusion we draw from the threedimensional reconstructions is the high degree of morphological R2 of mature glomeruli receiving axonal input from orexpressing osns and of the pathways taken by the axons to those glomeruli we also observe that axons of orexpressing osns do not innervate nearby glomeruli in mature mice postnatally a tangle of axons from mexpressing osns occupies a C1 surface area of the bulb and coalesces abruptly into a protoglomerulus at a reproducible stage of development these results differ in several aspects from those reported for the development of glomeruli receiving input from osns expressing the p or suggesting the need for a more systematic examination of orspecific glomeruli
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MC is an inflammatory disorder of the heart muscle and is often underdiagnosed in clinical practice it presents more dramatically in the young with acute HR failure and more insidiously in adults with chronic dilated cardiomyopathy the etiology is most often viral in north america with a wide spectrum of NK history the majority of patients recover spontaneously but those with persistent ventricular dysfunction face a oneyear mortality myocarditis initiates as viral disease and molecular techniques have confirmed viral persistence the immune response follows as a twoedged swordboth inadequate and excessive immune responses lead to disease finally the myocyte is the target of the above processes and expresses molecular cytokine and V1 changes that lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and HR failure the gold standard for diagnosis still relies on the overly strict dallas criteria for evaluating myocardial biopsies molecular techniques are playing an increasingly important role in both diagnosis and prognosis clinical suspicion is still the key towards an early diagnosis treatment must be early and persistentgenerally supportive initially with IS now playing a secondary role in temporizing those with exuberant immune response newer treatments for dilated cardiomyopathy such as amlodipine and carvedilol are equally AGA for postmyocarditis patients future treatment may involve TPS biological agents immune therapy antiviral strategies and molecular gene therapy
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the purpose of this study was to investigate if the intestinal absorption of copper in drinking water is altered in the presence of complexing agents from a fulvic acid mixture and an infant formula powder ten to twelve day old rat pups were given a single oral dose of radiolabeled cu in deionized water mg cul in water containing fulvic acids mgl in infant formula mixed with deionized water or in infant formula mixed with water containing fulvic acids six hours T3 dosage radioactive cu was analyzed in the mucosa of the small intestine the liver and the remaining carcass excluding the liver and gastrointestinal tract by gamma counting dialysis and centrifugation experiments showed that cu was complexed by components in the fulvic acid and formula mixtures although the presence of fulvic acids in the water did not alter the cu fractionation in the formula the fractional cu uptake of dose from the intestinal lumen to the mucosa was not markedly changed by the presence of the chelating agents however the PR of cu in the intestinal mucosa was increased by both fulvic acids and formula concomitantly the Ka of cd to the circulatde and licl had distinct influences on the expression pattern of dorsoanterior markers at the neural and tailbud stages of OD scanning electron microscopy showed that peptide inhibited spreading of migrating cells at the leading edge of the involuting chordomesoderm while still in close proximity to the blastocoele roof many of the cells appeared rounded and lacked lamellipodia and filopodia extended in the direction of migration in contrast licl had no effect on the spreading or shape of involuting cells these data are the first evidence of a counteradhesive activity for peptide in vivo an activity demonstrated for both native sparc and peptide in vitro
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oral lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ingestion for days to weeks has been shown to alleviate clinical PS of gastrointestinal inflammation and atopic dermatitis to determine whether oral lactobacillus rhamnosus gg may act by generating IS mediator in atopic children LGG atcc at a daily dose of x cfu was added for weeks to the diets of nine children mean age months with atopic dermatitis blood and faecal samples were collected before supplementation and at early weeks and late stage and weeks from the beginning the concentrations of interleukin il il il tumour CN factoralpha tnfalpha and interferongamma ifngamma in sera as well as the production of il il il and Th1 in mitogeninduced peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed sec iga and tnfalpha were also determined in faeces the SS il concentration differed significantly between before early and late samples p due to the elevation of SS il in the later phase of oral LGG ingestion the enhancement of il production in mitogeninduced cultures preceded the rise in SS il the enhanced il generation in vivo substantiates the antiinflammatory properties of specific probiotic bacteria strains and provides an additional reason for considering such treatments for patients with intestinal inflammation
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core binding factor cbf is a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of two distinct subunits the monomeric beta S1 is ubiquitously expressed whereas expression of the three alpha subunits isolated previously seems to be restricted mainly to hematopoietic tissues to isolate additional alpha genes degenerate oligonucleotides derived from the runt domaina region shared by all alpha geneswere used for screening cdna libraries a bp fragment was isolated from a mouse thymus cdna library which showed and dna sequence identity to the previously isolated murine alpha genes cbfa and cbfa this novel alpha gene was named cbfa the corresponding sequence from the human homolog cbfa was obtained by cosmid cloning and sequencing of the AGA restriction fragment the corresponding regions of mouse cbfa and human cbfa show nucleotide identity and protein identity in situ hybridization and PCS mapping of somatic cell hybrids localized cbfa to chromosome ppter
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regulation of the expression of the cytochrome p la gene cypa occurs mainly at the transcriptional level but the molecular events involved in the induction process are partly unknown some reports have proposed involvement of posttranscriptional mechanisms adesnik m atchison m crit rev biochem silver g krauter k s mol cell biol here we report the identification of two proteins in the nuclear fraction of mouse CL with SB characteristics towards cypa mrna the proteins have apparent M(r) of kda and kda and exhibit a high affinity for a polyu motif in the untranslated region of cypa mrna this motif seems to be important for their sphis in vivo gene transfer could alter focal seizure sensitivity in the VPI colliculus because gaba receptors directly modulate IC seizures aav vectors were constructed with a cytomegalovirus cmv promoter and a truncated human gabaa alpha cdna in both the sense and antisense orientations seven days after collicular microinjection of the sense vectors microl x particlesmicrol SN exhibited gabaa alphalike immunoreactivity in amounts far exceeding endogenous concentrations unilateral or bilateral sense vector infusion had no effect on inferior collicular seizure parameters or on hzolpidem binding in contrast BL infusion of the AS aavgabaa alpha vector microl x particlesmicrol caused a increase in the seizure duration moreover unilateral antisense vector infusion produced a localized decrease in hzolpidem binding thus in the IC AS aavcmv vectors can reduce a TPS receptor subunit protein and change receptor CF that directly influences in vivo seizure sensitivity
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atherosclerosis as and OP are common diseases in elderly people and may be metabolically related the aim of this crosssectional populationbased T0 was to explore the association between common carotid artery intimamedia thickness cimt carotid i.a. calcification cac and bmd in postmenopausal women in addition the association of PHT ht and selected diseases with cimt and carotid calcification was studied
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methicillin and cephemresistant staphylococcus aureus strains for which the cefazolin mics are at least microgramsml could be classified into lowresistance of strains and highresistance the remaining groups by the mic of flomoxef s a oxacephalosporin the mics were less than microgramsml and more than microgramsml in the low and highresistance groups respectively all strains produced penicillinbinding protein pbp which has been associated with methicillin resistance and which has very LA for betalactam antibiotics production of pbp was regulated differently in low and highresistance strains with penicillinaseproducing strains of the lowresistance group CEZ CMD and cefmetazole induced pbp production about fold while flomoxef induced production fold or less in contrast penicillinasenegative SCV of lowresistance strains produced pbp constitutively in large amounts and induction did not occur with highresistance strains flomoxef induced pbp to an extent similar to that of cefazolin in both penicillinaseproducing and negative strains except for one strain in which the induction did not occur the amount of pbp induced by betalactam antibiotics in penicillinaseproducing strains of the lowresistance group correlated well with resistance to each antibiotic C1 amounts of pbp in penicillinasenegative variants of the lowresistance group did not raise the mics of betalactam EDC although these strains were more resistant when challenged with flomoxef for h different regulation of pbp production was demonstrated in the high and lowresistance CG and AF other than pbp were suggested to be involved in the methicillin resistance of highresistance strains
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this study was undertaken in order to assess the neural drive to the respiratory muscles and the inspiratory NM coupling in patients with bronchial asthma during histamineinduced bronchoconstriction BC was produced in a graded fashion with histamine phosphate aerosol of increasing dose in twelve asymptomatic AP and was measured by fev inspiratory drive was measured by EMG of the diaphragm emgd and the coupling of the neural drive to the respiratory muscles was assessed by the relationship of mouth occlusion pressure p to emgd during the test we also measured electromyographic activity of the inspiratory IC emgint sternomastoid emgsm and expiratory ABD emgab muscles histamine caused a significant decrease in fev a significant increase in p emgd emgint and a relevant increase in emgsm with no substantial increase in emgab an inverse significant relationship between the change in fev and changes in p emgd and emgint and a significant rho between the change in fev and in the pemgd ratio were observed we conclude that a progressive increase in bronchospasm is accompanied by a progressive increase in respiratory neural drive and decrease in neuromuscular coupling this could be caused both by an increase in lung volume and a lack of ABD expiratory muscle recruitment
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atlantic salmon salmo salar l females sw maturing for the first time were reared under one of three temperature regimes high degrees c NK degrees c and cold degrees c in combination with one of two experimental treatments an injection of gnrh analogue gnrha contained in biodegradable microspheres or a sham injection microspheres only the six experimental groups were then reared under simulated NK LD for weeks blood samples were drawn for analysis of plasma steroid C2 and the fish were inspected for ovulation weekly batches of stripped eggs were incubated in triplicate incubators in raceways until the eyed stage treatment with gnrha resulted in a substantial advancement and synchronization of ovulation at all temperatures while exposure to cold water also appeared to advance ovulation slightly while warm and cold to NK of gnrha fish ovulated during the week trial only of shamtreated females exposed to cold water and none of the shamtreated fish held at higher temperatures ovulated during this period survival rates of embryos to the eyedstage were significantly higher for broodstock exposed to cold water plasma C2 of testosterone t betaoestradiol e and alphabetadihydroxypregnenone betap were all significantly affected by treatment with gnrha and to a lesser extent temperature the efficiency of gnrha in counteracting the negative effects of high temperature on ovulation and the associated changes in circulating sex CS suggest that temperature inhibition operates at least in part at the brain or PIT
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