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supramolecular adducts obtained by interaction between the anionic porphyrin mesotetrakiscarboxyphenylporphyrin tppc or its zincii derivative zntppc with a biocompatible aminoterminated polypropylene or polyethylene oxides jeffamines has been investigated the interaction with the CP allows the stabilization of the porphyrins in their monomeric form under physiological conditions the photodynamic properties of the supramolecular adducts were explored by typical o indirect detection their photodynamic action were evaluated in vitro using human red blood cells hrbcs under different experimental conditions the morphology of erythrocytes was investigated by OM T3 incubation with porphyrin compounds and light irradiation the images show loss of their normal biconcave profile and an incoming spiny configuration with blebs evident on their surfaces
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two cases with idiopathic palatal myoclonus without other neurological deficits were described they did not have any other neurological deficits other than myoclonus of branchial muscles in these cases the myoclonus disappeared during NK or induced sleep in case the myoclonus ceased transiently when the patient was calculating or receiving an injection in case the myoclonus disappeared with intravenous injection of saline as a placebo detailed examinations including brain ct mri and multiple evoked potentials showed normal results the myoclonus in case disappeared T3 we had explained that her disease was benign since the clinical features and laboratory data in idiopathic palatal myoclonus are quite different from those in palatal myoclonus with other neurological deficits idiopathic palatal myoclonus is considered to be a separate syndrome invasive examinations or excessive medications should be avoided because of its benign prognosis
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a chimeric g alpha subunit cdna referred to as g alpha si was constructed containing the CR untranslated region of g alpha s the first codons of the rat g alpha s and the last codons and base pairs of the untranslated region of the rat g alpha i cdna transient expression of the g alpha si protein in cos cells allowed PCD of a chimeric protein which was recognized by antibodies generated against an internal g alpha s sequence as well as antibodies recognizing the CT of g alpha i chinese hamster ovary cell clones stably expressing the chimeric gprotein alpha S1 transcript g alpha si demonstrated fold constitutively elevated cyclic amp levels and a fold increase in the activity ratio of cyclic ampdependent protein kinase although expression of the chimeric polypeptide could not be demonstrated presumably because of low expression of the mutant alpha s expression of the rat g alpha s transcript yielded clones that were similar to wildtype chinese hamster ovary cells in regard to cyclic amp C2 and protein kinase activity in the presence of methyl isobutylxanthine a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor cyclic amp levels in clones expressing the g alpha si transcript were fold higher than g alpha s expressing clones aca activation by guanosine othiotriphosphate gtp gamma s in membranes from clones expressing the g alpha si transcript demonstrated a diminished lag time for maximal activation indicating an increased relative gdp dissociation rate for the chimeric g alpha S1 and an increase in total aca activity relative to wildtype g alpha s expressing clones cholate extracts from CM of g alpha si expressing clones when mixed with cyc s CM reconstituted an increased gtp gamma sstimulated aca activity and a diminished lag time for maximal activation compared to cholate extracts prepared from g alpha sexpressing clones the g alpha si construct confers a dominant constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase when expressed in cells in the presence of a background of wildtype g alpha s
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the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of thymoquinone tq on pancreatic insulin C2 tissue antioxidant and lipid peroxidation lpo status in streptozotocin stz nicotinamide na induced diabetic rats diabetes was induced in exp rats by a single intraperitoneal ip i.t. of stz mgkg bw dissolved in moll citrate buffer ph min T3 the ip administration of na mgkg bw diabetic rats exhibited increased blood gl with significant decrease in PI C2 the MICs of antioxidant enzymes catalase cat glutathione peroxidase gpx glutathionestransferase gst and the levels of lowmolecular weight antioxidants VC vitamin e and reduced glutathione gsh were decreased while increases in the C2 of lipid peroxidation markers were observed in CL and kidney tissues of diabetic control rats as compared to control rats in addition diabetic rats showed an obvious decrease in pancreatic insulin C2 administration of tq mgkg bw to diabetic rats for days significantly reversed the damage associated with diabetes biochemical findings were supported by histological studies these results indicated that tq exerts a protective action on pancreatic beta cell function and overcomes oxidative AS through its antioxidant properties
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salmeterol a novel longacting betaadrenoceptor agonist has been compared with isoprenaline and salbutamol for activity in vitro on a range of betaadrenoceptor containing preparations from laboratory animals and man and in vivo for bronchodilator activity in the conscious guineapig SM like isoprenaline and salbutamol relaxed preparations of both guineapig tr contracted by prostaglandin pgfalpha or electrical stimulation and human bronchus contracted by pgf alpha in a concentrationrelated fashion salmeterol was of similar potency to isoprenaline and more potent than salbutamol on both airway preparations relaxant responses of superfused guineapig trachea and human bronchus to isoprenaline and salbutamol declined rapidly when the agonists were washed from the tissues with CR REC within min whereas responses to SM were more persistent in electricallystimulated guineapig tr preparations inhibition by salmeterol persisted for periods of up to h despite continuous superfusion with agonistfree medium however these persistent responses were rapidly and fully reversed by the betaadrenoceptor blocking drug propranolol microm in further studies on guineapig trachea propranolol caused concentrationrelated parallel rightward shifts of salmeterol concentrationeffect curves yielding a pa of the Mw of the schild plot was another betaadrenoceptor blocking drug sotalol microm also fully and rapidly reversed established submaximal responses to salmeterol in superfused guineapig trachea however C2 of sotalol was stopped the antagonism waned and SM responses were reasserted without the addition of further agonist in the beta adrenoceptor containing preparation rat LA isoprenaline exhibited potent concentrationrelated positive inotropic activity whereas salbutamol and salmeterol were at least fold less potent and appeared to be partial agonists at a concentration of microm SM exhibited weak antagonism of isoprenalineinduced increases in atrial force of contraction this antagonism was less marked than that caused by salbutamol microm on the guineapig isolated gastric fundus strip a putative betaadrenoceptor containing preparation salbutamol and salmeterol had only modest agonist activity being fold less potent than isoprenaline and the selective betaadrenoceptor agonist brl in conscious guineapigs inhaled salmeterol and salbutamol were approximately equipotent in causing doserelated bronchodilatation whereas the duration of action of salbutamol at its thresholdeffective dose was less than min the responses to a similarly effective dose of SM were wellmaintained for at least h SM is therefore a potent and selective betaadrenoceptor agonist with a remarkably long duration of action in isolated superfused airways smooth muscle it also causes persistent bronchodilatation in vivo in the guineapig when administered by the inhaled route
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rats were tested with a onetrial inhibitory avoidance paradigm in which the RL to enter the shock compartment served as a measure of SM PR pretraining administration of the non competitive nmda receptor antagonist mk mgkg ip significantly reduced the response latency during the retention test given h T3 rats received a stepthrough IA training mk at mgkg did not affect the PR RL the muscarinic receptor SCO mgkg ip also interfered with the IA response in the retention test when po before the training trial the lower dose of mgkg scopolamine which by itself was ineffective significantly impaired IA learning when po simultaneously with the behaviorally subthreshold dose of mgkg mk before the training trial these results suggest that interactive mechanisms regulated by concurrent activation of nmda and muscarinic receptors are involved in learning processes of inhibitory avoidance performance in rats
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to examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness crf is related to liver enzyme C2 independent of waist circumference wc and to test whether having a high crf is associated with an improved CL enzyme profile with a high wc
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in this article we review studies pertaining to psychophysical measurements and neural correlates of tasks requiring the processing of directional information in spatial motor tasks the results of psychological studies in human subjects indicate that timeconsuming processes underlie mental rotation and SM scanning other studies have suggested that these processes may rely on different basic mechanisms a direct insight into their neural mechanisms was obtained analyzing the activity of single cells and neuronal populations in the brain of behaving monkeys performing the same tasks these studies revealed the nature of the neural processes underlying mental rotation and memory scanning and confirmed their different nature
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the management of patients with differentiated TC dtc showing low levels of SS thyroglobulin autoantibodies tgab and undetectable tg T3 thyroidectomy is unsettled this study sought to elucidate the clinical significance of low C2 of tgab and to evaluate their interference with tg measurement in vitro
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in an assessment of noninvasive methods for the clinical measurement of cardiac output both mmode echocardiography and the co rebreathing technique were found to be unreliable however the echodoppler method appeared for population studies
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using gene expression profiling we found that the cbx gene was drastically downregulated in six TC cell lines versus control cells the aims of this study were to determine whether cbx is related to the TC phenotype and to try to identify new tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid CA we thus evaluated cbx expression in various snapfrozen and paraffinembedded TC tissues of different degrees of malignancy by quantitative reverse transcriptionpcr and immunohistochemistry respectively cbx expression progressively decreased with malignancy grade and neoplasia stage indeed it decreased in an increasing percentage of cases going from benign adenomas to PTC ptc follicular and anaplastic atc thyroid carcinomas this finding coincides with results obtained in rat and mouse models of thyroid carcinogenesis cbx loss of heterozygosity occurred in of ptc and in of atc restoration of cbx expression in thyroid cancer cells reduced growth rate with a retention in the g phase of the cell cycle suggesting that cbx can contribute to the proliferation of the transformed thyroid cells in conclusion loss of cbx expression correlates with a highly malignant phenotype in thyroid CA patients
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the purpose of this study was to identify proteinprotein interactions among the components of the occlusionderived virus odv of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus hearnpv a group ii alphabaculovirus in the family baculoviridae to achieve this selected genes of potential odv structural proteins were cloned and expressed in the gal yeast twohybrid yh system the directcross yh assays identified interactions comprising binary interactions haodvec odvek odvepif lefhelicase lefalkaline nuclease an gpk gpha kpif kpif vpha odvepif odvepif and pifpif and nine selfassociations ie ha lef ha gp cg k pif and p five of these interactions lefhelicase and lefan and the selfassociations of ie lef and k have been reported previously in autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus as ha and ha were two newly identified odv proteins of group ii viruses their interactions were further confirmed the selfassociation of ha was verified with a his pulldown CA and the interaction of vpha was confirmed by a coimmunoprecipitation assay a summary of the proteinprotein interactions of baculoviruses reported so far comprising interactions with viral proteins and five host proteins is presented which will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of baculovirus infection
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unilateral ureteral one uuo is a wellestablished MM for the T0 of IF in the kidney in this study we investigated the effects of a cox inhibitor meloxicam on uuoinduced renal interstitial fibrosis in mice serum creatinine BUN and urinary glucose were significantly increased by uuo however all of these changes were attenuated by meloxicam mgkgday masson׳s trichrome staining showed that IF was significantly increased by uuo but that meloxicam also significantly diminished the area of uuoinduced fibrosis heat shock protein hsp protein a collagenspecific molecular chaperone essential for the biosynthesis of collagen molecules and type iv collagen mrna were increased in kidneys of uuo mice meloxicam reduc treatment of oncological patients monitoring of the apoptotic markers such as the mitochondrial membrane potential mmp and the level of reactive oxygen species in samples of oncological patients has a predictive value for the SO of treatment protocols
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cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate in the SS upon cooling to below core body temperature and redissolve at higher temperatures cryoglobulinaemia may be lifethreatening the three types of cryoglobulinaemia are associated with a wide spectrum of haematological autoimmune and chronic infectious diseases especially HCV our laboratory has received requests for cryoglobulin testing over the past years with a DR of in the patients involved twelve per cent of the specimens were not processed due to being at an inappropriate temperature on arrival at the laboratory clinicians should be aware of temperature requirements when requesting cryoglobulin testing in suspected cases and for all relevant protein tests in patients with cryoglobulinaemia handling specimens at inappropriate temperatures in the preanalytical and analytical phases of the investigation might lead to cryoprecipitation and therefore falsenegative results the potential pitfalls encountered with specimen handling analysis and result interpretation are discussed in detail
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we studied receptive field organization of motionsensitive neurons in macaque middle temporal CA mt by mapping DS in space and in time stimuli consisted of pseudorandom sequences of single motion steps presented simultaneously at many different receptive field locations spatiotemporal receptive field profiles were constructed by crosscorrelating stimuli and spikes the resulting spiketriggered averages revealed centresurround organization the temporal dynamics of the receptive fields were generally biphasic with increased probability for the PD at short latency ms and decreased probability at longer latency ms the response latency of the receptive field surround was on average ms longer than that of the centre our results show that surround input and biphasic behaviour reflect two different mechanisms which make mt cells specifically CS to motion contrast in space and time
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we report a prospective study of patients who had arthroscopic subacromial decompression for chronic rotatorcuff impingement all patients were assessed preoperatively and at and months using the modified ucla shoulder score the dominant arm was affected in patients but only recognised overuse as a cause of their shoulder pain before T0 the ucla shoulder score was poor or fair in all patients T3 three months only of patients had satisfactory relief of PS but at one year of patients examined had a good or excellent result patients with calcific tendonitis recovered more quickly reported a good result at six months we conclude that ASD is an effective form of treatment but that patients should be warned that recovery from surgery may be prolonged
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to investigate a possible role of primary afferent innervation in the pathogenesis of hyperkinetic circulation in cirrhosis or portal hypertension we used capsaicin to denervate the primary afferent nerves rat pups were injected with capsaicin mgkg or a VH and were allowed to grow when they reached young adulthood operations to induce portal hypertension by PVS or cirrhosis by BDL were performed a control group had sham operation cardiac output and regional blood flows were measured in unrestrained conscious rats by RM capsaicintreated PHT and cirrhotic rats had cardiac SO and systemic V1 resistance similar to shamoperated rats whereas the vehicletreated portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats showed the hyperkinetic circulation no hemodynamic effect of capsaicin on sham was detected capsaicintreated rats did not demonstrate a splanchnic or renal hyperemia but the percentage of cardiac SO in these V1 beds was similar to controls these results suggest that capsaicin treatment blocked the generalized vasodilatation in cirrhotic and portal hypertensive rats arterial pressure and HR rate were not modified in any group these results show that denervation of capsaicinsensitive primary afferent SN in cirrhotic and PHT rats blocked the expected development of hyperkinetic circulation we conclude that primary afferent innervation may be important in the genesis of hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertension and cirrhosis
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designing highly selective inhibitors of fatty acid binding proteins and fabp and fabp is of importance for treatment of some diseases related with inflammation metabolism and RT growth in this study molecular dynamics md simulations combined with molecular mechanics GB surface area mmgbsa method were performed to probe IB selectivity of three inhibitors m x and z to fabpfabp with
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increasing evidence supports the association of periodontitis with RA arthritis even though a prominent role has been postulated for porphyromonas gingivalis many bacterial species contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease we therefore investigated the impact of porphyromonas gingivalis as well as other major pathobionts on the development of both periodontitis and arthritis in the mouse pathobionts used either alone or in combination were porphyromonas gingivalis Fn and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomintans periodontitis was induced via p.o. in skg dba and f dba à bq mice and CIA was provoked via immunization and boost with bovine collagen type ii ABL was quantified via micro computed tomography arthritis was evaluated macroscopically and histologically and serum antibodies were assessed among the strains tested only f mice were susceptible to p gingivalis induced periodontitis and showed significant ABL bone loss was paralleled by antibody titers against p gingivalis of note mice inoculated with the mix of all three pathobionts showed less AM bone loss than mice inoculated with p gingivalis CT however oral inoculation with either f nucleatum or a actinomycetemcomintans alone accelerated subsequent arthritis onset and progression this is the first report of a triple oral inoculation of pathobionts combined with collageninduced arthritis in the mouse in this interplay and this particular genetic setting f nucleatum and a actinomycetemcomitans exerted a protective impact on p gingivalis induced ABL by themselves they did not induce periodontitis yet accelerated arthritis ON and progression
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monoclonebased igm capture elisas were developed for each of the three poliovirus serotypes and compared with a neutralization CA for detecting response to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine among infants the igmbased response rates were significantly higher than the NT antibodybased rates versus to poliovirus type versus to poliovirus type and versus to PV type igm responses to the first vaccine dose were significantly associated between serotypes suggesting that some of the discordance may reflect a heterotypic igm response when the response rates in vaccine formulation groups were compared group differences using the two assays were similar for poliovirus types and but not for type therefore igm results using these assays may not be adequate substitutes for neutralizing antibody results when determining vaccine response
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there is little evidence to support a link between dumps the main objective was to characterise timeintegrated C2 of dissolved contaminants to use them for identification of spatial trends of contamination and their relationship to potential pollution sources spmds were deployed for days in the summer of at four sampling CS the total concentration of pollutants at sampling sites was found to range from a low of microgramspmd to microgramsspmd for pahs and from microgramspmd to microgramsspmd for ocps respectively none of the selected pcb congeners was present at quantifiable C2 at any sampling site a point source of water pollution with ocps and pahs was identified in the river system considering the total contaminant concentrations and the CSD of individual EDC accumulated by spmds at different sampling sites spmddata was also used to estimate average ambient water concentrations of the contaminants at each field site and compared with concentrations measured in bulk water extracts the truly dissolved or bioavailable portion of contaminants at different sampling CS ranged from to for the pahs and from to for the ocps included in the estimation the fraction of individual EDC found in the freely dissolved form can be attributed to the range of their hydrophobicity in comparison with LLE of water samples the spmd method is more suitable for an assessment of the background concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants because of substantially lower method quantification limits moreover contaminant residues sequestered by the spmds represent an estimation of the dissolved or readily bioavailable concentration of hydrophobic contaminants in water which is not provided by most analytical approaches
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balbc mice were immunized with rat HR in CR freunds adjuvant to induce autoimmune myocarditis the MC was characterized by lymphomononuclear infiltration electrocardiographic CA and antimuscle antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence in this paper we demonstrate that the igg present in autoimmune MC mice is able to bind to betaadrenoreceptors of the heart and also induce a biological effect inhibiting the contractile action of exogenous norepinephrine autoimmune igg inhibited the IB of hdyhidroalprenolol to a betaadrenergic receptor of purified myocardial membranes behaving as noncompetitive inhibitor this igg also exerted a noncompetitive inhibition upon the mechanical effect of exogenous norepinephrine the recognition appears to be organ TPS because the autoimmune myocarditis igg did not bind to betalymphocyte lung and fat adrenoreceptors the autoimmune igg inhibited the stimulatory action of isoproterenol on camp C2 behaving as a betaadrenergic antagonist
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AGA surface wettability and roughness of biimmune cells in this T0 multiple mouse strains including balbc ssvevtac and icr mice were utilized to develop an optimal protocol for global analysis of lamina propria WBCs incubation temperature was found to significantly improve epithelial cell removal while changes in media formulation had minor effects tissue weight was an effective method for normalization of solution volumes and incubation times collagenase digestion in combination with thermolysin was identified as the optimal method for release of leukocytes from tissues and global immunophenotyping based on the criteria of minimizing marker cleavage improving cell viability and reagent cost the effects of collagenase in combination with dispase or thermolysin on individual cell surface markers revealed diverse marker specific effects aggressive formulations cleaved cdα cd and b from the cell surface and resulted in relatively higher expression levels of cd γδ tcr cd dx lyc cdb cdc mhcii and cd improved MMP-8 digestion significantly improved viability and reduced debris formation eliminating the need for density gradient purification finally we demonstrate that two different digestion protocols yield significant differences in PCD of cd and cd TA nk cells monocytes and interdigitating dc idc populations highlighting the importance and impact of cell collection protocols on assay outputs the optimized protocol described herein will help assure the reproducibility and robustness of global assessment of lamina propria immune responses moreover this technique may be applied to isolation of leukocytes from the entire gastrointestinal tract
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the effects of a very lowcarbohydrate vlc highfat hf dietary regimen on metabolic syndrome were compared with those of an isocaloric CHO hc lowfat lf regimen in dietary obese rats
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to date ultrasoundguided centeses have required the use of C1 diagnostic ultrasound equipment that can be cumbersome and not readily available in this study we sought to evaluate the use of portable handcarried ultrasound devices in guidance of pericardiocentesis and thoracentesis handcarried ultrasound was used to define location of the maximal extent of the effusion and its proximity to the skin surface confirm needle entry and site and to evaluate postprocedural result a total of patients who were SD and hospitalized were prospectively enrolled for pericardiocentesis and for thoracentesis we concluded that under the direction of a suitably trained physician handcarried ultrasound provided images suitable for guidance of a pericardiocentesis or thoracentesis preprocedurally intraprocedurally and postprocedurally
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we performed a discovery phase of urinary proteomic profile in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and validated selected biomarkers
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mutations in the myoa gene cause a deafblindness disorder known as usher syndrome b in the retina the majority of myoa is in the retinal pigmented epithelium rpe where many of the reactions of the visual retinoid cycle take place we have observed that the retinas of myoamutant mice are resistant to acute CS damage in exploring the basis of this resistance we found that myoamutant mice have lower C2 of rpe the rpe isomerase that has a key role in the retinoid cycle we show for the first time that rpe normally undergoes a lightdependent translocation to become more concentrated in the central region of the rpe cells this translocation requires myoa so that in myoamutant mice rpe is partly mislocalized in the light rpe is degraded more quickly in myoamutant mice perhaps due to its mislocalization providing a plausible explanation for its lower C2 following a photobleach myoamutant retinas exhibited increased alltransretinyl ester C2 during the initial stages of dark recovery consistent with a deficiency in rpe activity lastly myoa and rpe were coimmunoprecipitated from rpe cell lysate by antibodies against either of the proteins and the two proteins were partly colocalized suggesting a direct or indirect interaction together the results support a role for myoa in the translocation of rpe illustrating the involvement of a molecular motor in the spatiotemporal organization of the retinoid cycle in vision
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a prospective controlled study of the psychological effects of elective interval and postpartum tubal sterilization was carried out on a selected sample of women subjects were interviewed preoperatively n and one year postoperatively n using standardized instruments and procedures including the present state examination no differences within or between sterilization and control CG were found over the followup year in the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity which was no higher than would be expected in a GA population sample beneficial effects of sterilization were reported on a number of psychosexual variables adverse effects such as regret or deterioration in marital relationship were rare but were more likely to occur in postpartum subjects among whom ABD pain was also reported more commonly at one year followup than preoperatively the relevance of normal postnatal events and of the role of preoperative counselling are considered in relation to these findings less favourable outcome at one year followup was commonly associated with higher pse scores preoperatively
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the role of radiotherapy rt in the management of urinary bladder cancer has undergone several alterations along the last decades recently many protocols have been developed supporting the use of multimodality therapy and the concept of organ preservation began to be reconsidered advances in radiotherapy planning verification and delivery provide a method to optimize radiotherapy for bladder CA and overcome difficulties which have previously limited the success of this treatment they offer the opportunity to enhance the therapeutic ratio by reducing the volume of normal tissue irradiated and by increasing radiation dose or using more intensive fractionation and synchronous chemotherapy regimes these techniques have a C1 potential to improve the therapeutic outcome of TCC in the near future it should be possible to offer selected patients with muscleinvasive TCC an organsparing yet effective combinedmodality treatment in this review we aim to present the role of radiotherapy in the management of muscle invasive TCC alternative methods of improving treatment accuracy such as helical tomotherapy adaptive radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy are also discussed
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the antif and antispermatogenic cell sera with known cytotoxic and immunofluorescent MICs were produced in albino guinea pigs immunized with f or spermatogenic cells emulsified with freunds complete adjuvant ST administration of the AHG fractions x mg at h intervals x fca on the D1 obtained from these antisera to adult albino guinea pigs resulted in a significant inhibition of spermatogenesis and appearance in the sera of marked cytotoxic activity against f cells these results together with the impairment of fertility in male and female mice immunized with teratocarcinoma stem cells described by other authors are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the f antigens may play an essential role in spermatogenesis and CF of spermatozoa
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BG in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy idc an imbalance between myocardial oxygen consumption and supply has been postulated subclinical myocardial ischaemia may contribute to progressive deterioration of left ventricular CF the relation between regional myocardial perfusion reserve mpr and contractile performance was investigatedmethods patients with newly diagnosed idc underwent positron emission tomography pet scanning using both nammonia as a perfusion tracer baseline and dypiridamole stress and ffluorodeoxyglucose viability tracer and a dobutamine AS mri mpr assessed by pet as well as wall motion score wms assessed by mri were evaluated in a segment modelresults twentytwo patients were included age years males lvef with mri a total of segments could be analysed wall motion abnormalities at rest were present in segments and in during dobutamine AS twentyone segments deteriorated during AS and improved mpr was significantly higher in those segments that improved compared with those that did not NC or were impaired during AS vs pconclusion signs of regional ischaemia were clearly present in idc patients ischaemic regions displayed impaired +dP/dt during AS this suggests that impaired oxygen supply contributes to cardiac dysfunction in idc neth HR j
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a prolongation in the lives of swiss i.c. with LCM virus lcm was observed T3 treatment with bischloroethylnitrosourea bcnu a variety of treatment schedules including therapy once or twice daily up to days and single treatments at various times after virus inoculation were employed virus titers ranging to greater than were detected in the blood and brains of surviving drugtreated animals in three comparative studies in which different treatment schedules were used bcnu was shown to exert a protective effect approximately equal to that of methotrexate in lcm virusinfected mice tests were also carried out to investigate the activity of bcnu in mice experimentally INF with EEE eee virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus semliki forest sf virus herpes simplex virus influenza virus CS pr vaccinia virus strain wr rous sarcoma virus friend leukemia virus flv and poliovirus slight increases in life span were observed in the treated eee sf and influenza pr virusinfected animals significant reduction in splenomegaly in flvinfected animals treated with bcnu was demonstrated the possible mechanisms of lcm virus inhibition by bcnu on the basis of these and other studies were postulated to be either TPS antiviral activity or inhibition of lethal immune response to the lcm virus each of these postulates is discussed
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plasminogen activation is a ubiquitous source of fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity besides its role in prevention of thrombosis plasminogen is involved in inflammatory reactions in the CNS system plasminogen has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid csf of patients with inflammatory diseases however its origin remains controversial as the bloodcsf barrier may restrict its DWI from blood
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ceftibuten is a broadspectrum oral cephalosporin exhibiting antimicrobial activity against a wide range of GN and some GP pathogens pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the molecule has an oral bioavailability higher than of the po dose reaching Cmax of mgl T3 a single dose of and mg moreover ceftibuten has been shown to be useful in the treatment of acute LRT infections this T0 was performed to determine the CSD of ceftibuten in BS from patients affected by the exacerbation of CB patients were treated with a single mg oral dose of ceftibuten blood and bronchialsecretion samples were obtained just before and at and h after dosing cells were separated from BS by centrifugation ceftibuten in duplicate samples of both serum and bronchial secretion was quantified by hplc ceftibuten reached Cmax and h after p.o. in SS and in BS respectively and mgl respectively falling curves after the peaks showed a monoexponential decay the absorption was very rapid both in serum and bronchial secretions but beta was slower in bronchial secretions than in SS
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microparticle mp research is clouded by debate regarding the accuracy and validity of FC fcm as an analytical methodology as it is influenced by many variables including the preanalytical conditions instruments PCS capabilities and detection parameters this study utilises a simplistic in vitro system for generating mp and through comparative analysis with immunoelectron microscopy immunoem assesses the strengths and limitations of probe selection and highsensitivity fcm of the markers examined mp were most specifically labelled with phosphatidylserine ligands annexin v and lactadherin although only mp are ps positive whilst these two ligands detect comparable absolute mp numbers they interact with the same population in distinct manners annexin v binding is enhanced on tnf induced mp cd and cd expression were as expected consistent and enhanced following tnf activation respectively their labelling however accounted for as few as of mp the greatest discrepancies between fcm and iem were observed in the population solely labelled for the surface antigen these findings demonstrate that despite significant improvements in resolution highsensitivity fcm remains limited in detecting smallsize mp expressing low antigen levels this T0 highlights AF to consider when selecting endothelial mp probes as well as interpreting and representing data
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the immunogenicity of an allograft correlates with the number of mhc class ii antigenpresenting cells dendritic cells that it contains to determine whether these antigenpresenting cells induce not only mhc class iimediated immune responses but also physiologically relevant C2 of mhc class i immunity we took advantage of a unique mhc class iclass iicd dendritic cell line dc derived from murine ch hk fetal skin the dc sensitized hdisparate recipients for specific transplantation immunity as evidenced by significantly accelerated rejection second set of skin allografts from ch mice but not of thirdparty allografts as few as dc po by the subcutaneous route were effective indicating their high potency as stimulator cells several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the immunization observed was mediated primarily by direct presentation of alloclass i i blockage of the costimulatory molecule cd on dc abrogated their sensitizing capacity ii equal numbers of a nonprofessional antigenpresenting cell L1 l ch origin as well as dead dc failed to accelerate VG rejection and iii injection of syngeneic balbc langerhans cells pulsed with dc fragments induced a delayedtype hypersensitivity reaction to these fragments but failed to accelerate AAR of ch skin grafts we conclude that direct alloclass i immunity can occur in the absence of class ii expression when induced by a professional antigenpresenting cell and that this mechanism has biologic relevance in transplantation immunity
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chemical modification of PC was carried out using ethylenediamine plus a watersoluble carbodiimide which has the effect of replacing a negatively charged carboxylate group with a positively charged amino group at ph the conditions were adjusted to produce a series of singly and doubly modified forms of plastocyanin differences in charge configuration allowed separation of these forms on a pharmacia fast protein liquid chromatograph using a mono q anion exchange column these forms were used to T0 the interaction of PC with its reaction partner cytochrome f the rate of cytochrome f oxidation was progressively inhibited upon incorporation of increasing numbers of ethylenediamine moieties indicating a positively charged IB site on cytochrome f however differential inhibition was obtained for the various singly modified forms allowing mapping of the IB site on plastocyanin the greatest inhibition was found for forms modified at negatively charged residues nos and nos which comprise a negative patch surrounding tyr in contrast the form modified at residue no on the opposite side of the globular plastocyanin molecule showed the least inhibition it can be concluded that the IB site for cytochrome f is located in the vicinity of residues nos and nos modification of plastocyanin at residues nos showed no effect on the rate of p reduction suggesting that these residues are not involved in the IB of photosystem i however an increase in the rate of p reduction was observed for plastocyanins modified at residue no or nos which is consistent with the idea that the reaction domain of PS i is negatively charged and PS i binds at the top of the molecule and accepts electrons via his in plastocyanin these results raise the possibility that plastocyanin can bind both cytochrome f and PS i simultaneously the effect of ethylenediamine modification on the formal potential of PC was also examined the formal potential of control plastocyanin was found to be mv vs normal hydrogen electrode at ph all modified forms showed a positive shift in formal potential singly modified forms showed increases in formal potentials between and mv with the largest increases being observed for plastocyanins modified at residues nos or nos
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enkephalin immunoreactivity is present in the cerebellum of the adult opossum within axonal arbors that resemble mature climbing fibres in the developing cerebellum enkephalinergic axons form pericellular nests around the perikarya of purkinje cells in a manner which resembles developing climbing fibres seen in golgi impregnations serial EM of adult climbing MF reveal elongate enkephalin immunoreactive profiles that contain synaptic LDV and make contact with the thorns and shafts of purkinje cell dendrites these results suggest that a peptide enkephalin or an enkephalinlike substance may mediate synaptic interactions between certain populations of climbing MF and PCs in the cerebellum of the opossum DAGO immunoreactive axonal arbors present in the molecular SL are localized in restricted Az of vermal lobules iiviii and x the intermediate cortex and hemispheres are devoid of enkephalinergic climbing fibres except in restricted Az of the paramedian lobule paraflocculus and the flocculus in an attempt to establish the origin of DAGO axons in the cerebellum a double labelling technique that combines retrograde labelling of cells with horseradish peroxidase and DAGO immunohistochemistry has been employed DAGO immunoreactive neurons within specific portions of the medial accessory olive are retrogradely labelled in this paradigm the presence of enkephalin immunoreactivity in selected climbing MF provides evidence for chemical heterogeneity within one of the major afferent systems to the cerebellum previously thought to be uniform in its transmitter content
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REM behaviour disorder is characterized by dreamenacting behaviour and impaired motor inhibition during REM rapid NREM behaviour disorder is commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders but also reported in narcolepsy with cataplexy most narcolepsy with cataplexy patients lack the sleepwake and REM motorregulating hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus in contrast rapid NREM behaviour disorder and hypocretin deficiency are rare in narcolepsy without cataplexy we hypothesized that rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder coexists with cataplexy in narcolepsy due to hypocretin deficiency in our study REM behaviour disorder was diagnosed by the international classification of SD nd edition criteria in narcolepsy patients with or without cataplexy main outcome measures were rapid NREM behaviour disorder symptoms short and long muscle activations per hour rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep and periodic and nonperiodic limb movements per hour rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep outcome variables were analysed in relation to cataplexy and hypocretin deficiency with uni and multivariate logisticlinear regression models controlling for possible rapid EM sleep behaviour disorder biasing factors age gender disease duration previous anticataplexy medication only hypocretin deficiency independently predicted rapid NREM behaviour disorder symptoms relative risk p long muscle activations per hour rapid eye movement sleep lncoefficient p and short muscle activations per hour REM lncoefficient p likewise periodic limb movements per hour rapid EM and nonrapid EM sleep were only associated with hypocretin deficiency p a significant association between hypocretin deficiency and cataplexy was confirmed p in a subanalysis hypocretin deficiency suggested the association of periodic limb movements and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder outcomes PS nonperiodic short and long muscle activity in REM our results support the hypothesis that hypocretin deficiency is independently associated with REM behaviour disorder in narcolepsy thus hypocretin deficiency is linked to the two L1 disturbances of REM motor regulation in narcolepsy REM behaviour disorder and cataplexy hypocretin deficiency is also significantly associated with PLMs in rapid eye movement and nonrapid EM sleep and provides a possible pathophysiological link between rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and periodic limb movements in narcolepsy the study supports the hypothesis that an impaired hypocretin system causes a general instability of motor regulation during wakefulness rapid eye movement and nonrapid NREM in human narcolepsy
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proposing a FR for the study of core functions is valuable for understanding how they are altered in multiple mental disorders involving prefrontal dysfunction for understanding genetic influences and for testing therapeutic compounds social and communication disabilities are reported in several major psychiatric disorders and social communication disorders also can occur independently being able to study social communication involving interactions and associated acoustic vocalizations in animal models is thus important all rodents display extensive social behaviors including interactions and acoustic vocalizations it is therefore important to pinpoint potential geneticrelated CS differences and similarities in social SMB and vocalization one RPA is to compare different mouse strains and this may be useful in choosing which strains may be best suitable in modeling psychiatric disorders where social and communication deficits are core PS we compared social behavior and ultrasonic acoustic vocalization profiles in males of four mouse strains ssv B6 dba and cd using a SI task that we previously showed to rely on prefrontal network activity our SI task promotes a high level of US vocalization with both social and acoustic parameters and further allows other measures of social behaviors the duration of social contact dominance and aggressiveness varied with the mouse strains only B6 mice showed no attacks with social contact being highly affiliative whereas others strains emitted aggressive attacks B6 mice yurethanes were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy thermogravimetric analysis scanning electron microscopy stressstrain fracture tests and swelling analysis and the hydrophilic character of the surface was determined by contact angle trials the objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of chitosan on the changes of the physicochemical and mechanical properties and the in vitro biological activity of the polyurethanes it was found that the incorporation of chitosan enhances the UTS of the polyurethanes and does not affect the CS at fracture in polyurethanes with ww of polycaprolactone and concentrations of chitosan ranging from to ww in addition pclqpu formulations and their degradation products did not affect cell viability of l mouse FB and t respectively polyurethane formulations showed antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli bacteria the results of this T0 have highlighted the potential biomedical application of this PUs related to soft and cardiovascular tissues
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human gingival fibroblasts hgf were recently found to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells their behavior on a biomaterial has not been reported so far the effect of culturing hgf on chitosan membranes on their chondrogenic differentiation was investigated in this study hgf were first cultured on chitosan CM and spheroid formation of hgf was observed next hgf on chitosan were induced with chondrogenesis induction medium and their chondrogenic differentiation potential was expressed by assessing the expression of chondrogenesis related genes at both mrna and protein levels by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction rtpcr and immunostaining respectively we discovered that the chondrogenic differentiation potential of hgf could be enhanced simply by culturing hgf on chitosan CM expression of neural crest and stemness genes were also analyzed by rtpcr to evaluate the stemness and selfrenewal of hgf spheroids we found that spheroid formation helped to increase and maintain the expression of stemness genes in hgf to understand the aspects of the chitosan CM that induced spheroid formation of hgf mechanical and PCS properties of the chitosan CM were examined the migration of hgf on chitosan membranes was also monitored to speculate the process of spheroid formation in addition the roles of the rhorhoassociated kinase rock pathway and connexin cx in spheroid formation were explored treatment of hgf cultured on chitosan with the rockactivity inhibitor y clearly inhibited spheroid formation suggesting that the rhorock pathway was involved in spheroid formation the increased cx activity of hgf spheroids on chitosan indicated that the gap junction IC was regulated by spheroid formation it was concluded that culturing hgf on chitosan may activate the rhorock pathway which led to spheroid formation and gap junction regulation these changes may contribute to the enhanced chondrogenic differentiation potential of hgf on chitosan
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a year old man was scheduled for partial resection of the RA lung because of many spontaneous PTX episodes he had received left pneumonectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis and his respiratory function was severely depressed during anesthesia PP oximetry pulmonary arterial pressure monitoring pulmonary arterial oximetry in addition to ordinary systemic arterial pressure and electrocardiogram monitoring were performed anesthesia was maintained with FE and enflurane and nitrous oxide was added T3 thoracotomy during thoracotomy spo and svo dropped transiently but intraoperative course was uneventful except an episode of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia a successful satisfactory anesthetic management of this case depended on the cooperation between anesthesiologist and surgeon and the appropriate monitoring especially of svo was helpful
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expression of DO do in cells that express hladm dm results in an altered repertoire of mhc class iipeptide complexes indicating that do modulates dm function human and murine b cells and TE cells express do while monocytesmacrophages do not monocytederived dendritic cells dc also have been found to be donegative leading to the assumption that dc do not express do in this T0 we report that in fact certain types of human primary dc express do these include langerhans cells lc and some subtypes of circulating blood dc specifically the majority of bdca dc a small subset of uncertain function are do while smaller proportions of cdc bdca myeloid dc at most a mis used to determine the transversedirection KIC in manatee rib and bovine femur cortical bone although human and bovine bone has been well studied there is virtually no information on the toughness of manatee rib bone as a biological material manatee rib is interesting for study in that it is a highly mineralized bone three L1 advantages of the cn specimen test are it is easier to reach plane strain condition there is no fatigueprecracking needed and it is relatively easy to produce SD crack propagation before catastrophic fracture the KIC values of manatee rib and bovine femur were measured to be mpa m and mpa m respectively based on the microstructures shown in sem images two features that contributed to the greater KIC of bovine femur were identified as greater osteon density and lesser porosity
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we report the exp observation of slowlight and coherent storage in a setting where light is tightly confined in the transverse directions by interfacing a tapered optical nanofiber with a cold atomic ensemble EIT is observed and light pulses at the singlephoton level are stored in and retrieved from the atomic medium the decay of efficiency with storage time is also measured and related to concurrent decoherence mechanisms collapses and revivang a DWI problem by means of exponentially fitted finite difference numerical methods T3 constructing and analysing special purpose finite differences for the approximation of second order partial derivatives we employed them in the numerical solution of a diffusion equation with mixed boundary conditions numerical experiments reveal that a special purpose integration both in space and in time is more accurate and efficient than that gained by employing a GA purpose solver
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a variety of studies have shown that eeg alpha activity in the upper frequency range is associated with different types of cognitive processes SM performance perceptual performance and intelligence but in strikingly different ways for semantic SM performance we have found that resting or REF SP is positively associated with performance whereas during actual processing of the task small powerreflected by a large extent of ERD erdis related to good performance we also have shown that the induction of large alpha REF SP by neurofeedback training or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rtms at individual alpha frequency mimicked exactly the situation which is typical for good memory performance under normal situations increased alpha REF power is associated with C1 erd and good performance recent studies have demonstrated that this relationship holds true only for memory and not perceptual tasks that require the ID of simple visual stimuli under difficult conditions in contrast to good SM performance good perceptual performance is related to small prestimulus alpha SP and a small erd we interpret this finding in terms of cortical inhibition vs activation preceding task performance by assuming that large rhythmic alpha activity reflects inhibition we assume that small reference alpha enhances perceptual performance because the SC is activated and prepared to process the stimulus whereas SM performance is enhanced if the cortex is deactivated before a task is performed because in typical SM tasks selective processing can start only after the toberemembered item or cue is presented we also suggest that conflicting results about alpha erd and the neural efficiency hypothesis which assumes that highly intelligent exhibit a small erd can also be interpreted in terms of inhibition only if an IQ test actually requires the activation of semantic SM a C1 because task specific erd can be observed if other processing systems are required the semantic memory system may even become suppressed which is reflected by alpha eventrelated synchronization ers or at least a largely decreased erd
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exosomes are nanosized LDV that serve as mediators for intercellular communication through the delivery of cargo including protein lipids nucleic acids or other cellular components to neighboring or distant cells exosomal cargo may vary in response to different physiological or pathological conditions the endosomal sorting complex required for transport escrt family has been widely accepted as a key mechanism in biogenesis and cargo sorting on the other hand accumulating evidence show that escrtindependent pathways exist due to the critical role of exosomes in intercellular communications in delivering cargo to recipient cells exosomes have been investigated as a vector for the delivery of endogenous or exogenous cargo for therapeutic purposes but the number of exosomes produced by cells is limited which hampers their application synthetic exosomemimics have been fabricated and investigated as a therapeutic tool for drug delivery this review focuses on escrtindependent regulation of cargo loading into exosomes including lipid raft and ceramidemediated mechanisms and reported exosomes or exosomemimics with therapeutic effects
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in order to improve the current success of nanomedicine a better understanding of how nanosized materials interact with and are processed by cells is required typical in vitro nanoparticlecell interaction studies often make use of cells cultured at different cell densities however in vivo for their successful delivery to the target tissue nanomedicines need to overcome several barriers such as EC and epithelial cell barriers unlike subconfluent or confluent cell cultures cell barriers are tight cell monolayers expressing a series of specialized tight junction proteins between adjacent cells to limit paracellular transport and ensure close celltocell interactions a clear understanding on how the OD of cells into a cell barrier may affect the uptake of nanosized drug carriers is still missing to this aim here human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells huvec are used as a model cell line to form EC cell barriers then nanoparticle uptake is assessed in the developed endothelial barriers and compared to the uptake in subconfluent or confluent huvec cultures the results clearly show that the organization of cells into a cell barrier leads to a differential gene expression of endocytic markers and interestingly this is accompanied by reduced nanoparticle uptake levels transport inhibitors are used to characterise the mechanisms involved in the uptake however we show that some of them can strongly compromise barrier integrity thus impairing the interpretation of the outcomes and overall only a partial inhibition of nanoparticle uptake could be obtained
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freeliving amoebae of the genus acanthamoeba are causal agents of a severe sightthreatening infection of the cornea known as acanthamoeba keratitis moreover the number of reported cases worldwide is increasing year after year mostly in contact lens wearers although cases have also been reported in noncontact lens wearers interestingly acanthamoeba keratitis has remained significant despite our advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care in part this is due to an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease diagnostic delays and problems associated with chemotherapeutic interventions in view of the devastating nature of this disease here we present our current understanding of AK and molecular mechanisms associated with the disease as well as virulence traits of acanthamoeba that may be potential targets for improved diagnosis therapeutic interventions andor for the development of preventative measures novel molecular approaches such as proteomics rnai and a consensus in the diagnostic approaches for a suspected case of acanthamoeba keratitis are proposed and reviewed based on data which have been compiled T3 years of working on this amoebic organism using many different techniques and listening to many experts in this field at conferences workshops and international meetings altogether this review may serve as the milestone for developing an effective solution for the prevention control and treatment of acanthamoeba infections
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reflex latency R2 was established for single motor neuron discharges in the bulbocavernosus reflex as elicited by electrical stimuli to the dorsal penile nerve and recorded by a single fibre emg electrode in the bulbocavernosus muscle whereas many reflex responses had a rather large RL variability of above microseconds expressed as sd of mean RL there was a group of motor neurons with a R2 of around microseconds single motor neuron reflex responses with shorter latencies tended to show less variability no habituation of single motor neuron reflex discharges was observed on prolonged regular repetitive stimulation both absence of habituation and the relatively low latency variability of BCR responses for single motor SN suggest similarities between this reflex and the first component of the blink reflex we postulate that the shortest bulbocavernosus reflex pathway is oligosynaptic
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to study the renal protective effect of sodium ferulate sf and its mechanism in rats with diabetic mellitus dm
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in bioartificial liver preparation serumcontained medium is ordinarily replaced by SF medium and hepatocytes are generally cultured at high density this study was to undertaken to evaluated the dynamic changes in morphology viability and functions of porcine HCs in SFM at HD
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alcohol is a risk factor for several types of cancer however the results for prostate cancer have been inconsistent with most studies showing no association within the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition detailed information were collected from male participants on the NI of alcoholic beverages at recruitment for of the cohort and over lifetime for of the cohort between and during a median followup of years prostate cancer cases were observed multivariate cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of alcohol consumption at recruitment and average lifetime alcohol consumption with prostate CA adjusted for age center smoking height weight physical activity and nonalcohol energy NI overall neither alcohol consumption at baseline nor average lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with the risk for prostate CA in this cohort of men men who consumed or g alcohol per day had a relative risk of confidence interval ci compared with men with an NI of gd the respective relative risk for average lifetime NI was ci for advanced prostate cancer n the relative risks for or and g alcohol per day at baseline were ci and ci respectively for average lifetime intake no statistically significant association was observed for alcohol NI from TPS alcoholic beverages our results indicate no association between the consumption of alcohol and prostate CA in this cohort of EU men
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transtrihydroxystilbene RES is a grape polyphenol present in various plants food products red wine and grapes RES has antiinflammatory anticarcinogenic antioxidant and antiaging properties MMPs mmps are key enzymes involved in the Kd of the extracellular matrix and their expression may be regulated in cancer metastasis in the present T0 we aimed to evaluate the effect of RES on mmps and cell migration and to understand the mechanism of action in ht human fibrosarcoma cells we found that resveratrol inhibited ht cell viability at various concentrations as detected by the mtt CA and facs analysis however resveratrol dramatically increased the activation and expression of mmp in a dose and timedependent manner as determined by gelatin zymography CA and western blot analysis we also discovered that RES enhanced the migratory ability of ht cells as determined by the wound healing CA and decreased the phosphorylation of p kinase moreover the akt kinase was inhibited by RES in the ht cells the inhibition of p and akt kinases with sb and ly further increased resveratrolinduced mmp as well as cell migration in the ht cells our results suggest that resveratrol regulates mmp and migratory abilities through the p kinase and pik pathways in ht human fibrosarcoma cells
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namdh ManNAc dehydrogenase from the soil bacteroidete flavobacterium sp catalyses a rare naddependent oxidation of mannac nacetyldmannosamine into nacetylmannosaminolactone which spontaneously hydrolyses into nacetylmannosaminic acid namdh belongs to the sdr shortchain dehydrogenasereductase superfamily and is the only namdh characterized to date thorough functional stability SDM and crystallographic studies have been carried out to understand better the structural and biochemical aspects of this unique enzyme namdh exhibited a remarkable alkaline ph optimum ph with a high thermal stability in glycine buffer tm°c and a strict selectivity towards mannac and nad crystal structures of ligandfree and mannac and nadbound enzyme forms revealed a compact homotetramer having point symmetry formed by subunits presenting the characteristic sdr αβα sandwich fold a highly developed CT tail used as a latch connecting nearby subunits stabilizes the tetramer a dense network of polar interactions with the ATP including the encasement of its acetamido group in a SB pocket and the hydrogen IB of the sugar oh atom ensure specificity for mannac the namdhsubstrate complexes and sitedirected mutagenesis studies identify the catalytic tetrad and provide useful traits for identifying new namdh sequences
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the effect of listeria monocytogenes infection on hormone levels in Pr goats was studied four goats GI received an intravenous inoculation of a bacterial SC type on days and another four goats group ii received a similar inoculation on days of gestation five noninoculated goats were used as controls plasma was analysed for progesterone E1S and ketodihydropgf alpha the status of the foetus was followed using RUS three of the four goats in GI aborted DAI the fourth goat gave birth to a normal live kid at term the three goats which aborted showed clinical signs of disease in connection with abortion in group ii all goats aborted after days all the goats showed clinical PS of disease from a few DAI and the symptoms continued until abortion the clinical symptoms of disease were more pronounced in group ii than in group i l monocytogenes was isolated from all aborted foetuses none of the control goats aborted US revealed foetal death either immediately before or up to days before abortion mummification had begun in the foetus that had been dead for days before expulsion in comparison with preinoculation plasma C2 in group i a significant decrease p in progesterone C2 and an increase in ketodihydropgf alpha levels were observed from days and T3 inoculation respectively in group ii a significant decrease p in progesterone C2 and an increase in ketodihydropgf alpha levels in plasma were observed from days and respectively the oestrone sulphate C2 decreased slightly in the inoculated goats a few days before abortion the DP of changes in C2 around abortion was similar to the pattern present in the control animals around parturition however oestrone sulphate levels did not increase in the inoculated CG before abortion in contrast to goats which delivered healthy kids the changes in levels of ketodihydropgf alpha in goats that aborted indicated that the endocrine foetalplacental function was disturbed which was most likely due to the establishment and OD of l monocytogenes in the placenta and foetus
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exchange transfusion et has biologic plausibility as an adjunct to antimalarial drugs in treating severe malaria and has been used for decades despite limited evidence of its tau in improving survival we examined the tau of et as an adjunct treatment for severe malaria using us surveillance data and reviewed the literature to update recommendations
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a highly CS and selective highperformance LC method involving sample pretreatment column switching and fluorimetric PCD is described for the determination of DHE in plasma and urine samples the prechromatographic sample treatment consists of extraction by means of an extrelut column for plasma samples and preseparation with enrichment steps on a seppak column for urine samples the samples are then injected onto a preseparation column aquapore and the fraction containing dihydroergotamine are automatically diverted onto an analytical column ods reversed phase an acetonitrileammonium carbamate gradient is used as the mobile phase high REC of DHE from both plasma and urine and a detection limit as low as pgml were achieved with a linear response up to ngml the CA demonstrated a high degree of selectivity with regard to the extensive metabolism of dihydroergotamine especially to the main metabolite hydroxydihydroergotamine the assay was successfully applied for more than one year to the determination of plasma and urine concentrationsy in tubar sterility ivf achieved a pregnancy rate per attempt in the case of microsurgery the actuarial rates were calculated kaplan meier method from a prognostic score it was found that in the group of women with a good score tubar surgery gave results which could be achieved only after or attempts at ivf on the other hand in the poor prognosis group ivf was better than microsurgery T3 a single attempt clinical teams should therefore reconsider the indications for tubar surgery in the light of the indications for invitro fertilization
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rnabinding proteins rbps are proteins that bind to the rna and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes they have crucial roles in various biological processes such as rna splicing editing transport maintenance Kd intracellular localization and translation the rbps bind rna with different rnasequence specificities and affinities thus identification of protein binding CS on rnas rpbss will deeper our understanding of RNP interactions currently highthroughput sequencing of rna isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation hitsclip also known as clipseq is one of the most powerful methods to map RNP IB sites or rna modification CS however this method is only used for identification of single known rbps and antibodies for rbps are required here we developed a novel method called capture of protein IB sites on rnas rpbscap to identify genomewide protein binding CS on rnas without using antibodies double click strategy is used for the rpbscap CA proteins and rnas are uvcrosslinked in vivo first then the proteins are crosslinked to the magnetic beads the rna elements associated with proteins are captured reverse transcribed and sequenced our approach has potential applications for studying genomewide RNP interactions
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in a test of WM using a threepanel runway task the hta receptor agonist hydroxydinpropylaminotetralin ohdpat at mgkg ip significantly increased the number of PE attempts to pass through two incorrect panels of the three panel gates at four choice points but it had no effect on PE in a test of REF SM intrahippocampal i.t. of ohdpat at microgramsside also significantly increased the number of working SM PE without affecting that of reference memory errors the effect of intrahippocampal ohdpat microgramsside on working SM was blocked by the hta receptor antagonist propranolol at mgkg ip these results suggest that activation of hippocampal hta receptors impairs working SM but does not affect retention of reference SM
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in the view of the akda drug EC of the german medical profession the tau in IC is currently proven only for naftidrofuryl whereas in the opinion of the dga german society of angiology also that of prostaglandin e is proven both drugs are indicated if neither walking exercise nor vascular or endovascular reconstruction are feasible in critical limb ischaemia fontaine stage iiiiv the tau of prostaglandin e and iloprost is proven according to both the treatment recommendations of the dga and the accaha guidelines the akda also agrees with the administration of prostanoids even though it considers their tau not sufficiently proven in accordance with cpmp criteria here prostaglandin e is approved for the treatment of fontaines stage iiiiv regardless of its etiology whereas ILO is approved only for the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans
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the tau of sodium lauryl sulfate sls a sulfated anionic chaotropic surfactant and dextran sulfate ds a polysulfated carbohydrate against herpes simplex virus hsv and human immunodeficiency virus hiv infections was evaluated in cultured cells and in different mu models of hsv infection results showed that both sls and ds were potent inhibitors of the infectivities of various hsv and hsv strains i.c.v. of hiv strain nl with sls also reduced its infectivity to g cells ds prevented the binding of hsv to cell surface receptors and therefore its entry into cells i.c.v. of hsv strain f with microm sls resulted in a CR loss of virus infectivity to vero cells however viruses were able to enter into cells and to produce in the nuclei capsid shells devoid of a dna core the amount of the glycoprotein d gene produced in these cells remained unchanged compared to controls suggesting that sls could interfere with the maturation of the virus at a higher sls concentration microm hsv was highly damaged by sls pretreatment and only a few viral particles could enter into cells to produce abnormal capsids although ds was a more potent inhibitor of hsv infectivity in vitro it was unable to provide any protection in mu models of hsv infection however sls conferred a complete protection of animals infected cutaneously with pretreated viruses in addition skin pretreatment of mice with a polymer formulation containing sls CR prevented the OD of cutaneous lesions more interestingly intravaginal i.c.v. of mice with sls in a buffered solution also completely protected against lethal hsv infection taken together our results suggest that sls could thus represent a candidate of choice as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of hiv hsv and possibly other pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases
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although it has often been observed that chronic pain and depression are associated there have been few systematic comparisons of CPPs with and without depression in the study reported in this article depressed and nondepressed chronic pain patients were found to be quite similar with respect to demographic painrelated and treatment response variables the primary aim of the T0 however was to examine the hypothesis that treatment response in these two CG of patients would be predicted by different patterns of variables in nondepressed patients beneficial response to treatment was related to a greater number of treatment visits not receiving workmens compensation fewer previous types of treatment and LBP as predicted a different DP of predictors of treatment response was found for the depressed patients who were more likely to benefit when they were employed at the beginning of treatment and when their pain was of shorter duration these results suggest that activity and active involvement in treatment are particularly important with chronic pain patients who are depressed in addition they suggest that the best prediction of treatment response in future research on CP patients may be achieved by dividing patients into groups based on psychological characteristics
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several known chemical EDC were shown to selectively inhibit the interaction between immune aggregates and cq the activation of crcs complex by immune aggregatebound cq and the esterolytic activity of the activated cs cs these reactions are relevant to the functions of the C1 c and its activation induced by immune complexes the effects of these inhibitors on tissue injury mediated by immune complexinduced complement activation such as immune hemolysis passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and experimental glomerulonephritis were examined the results suggest an approximate rho between the activity shown on the molecular level and that obtained in vivo one such compound suramin was shown to be an ERP inhibitor of pca and the PU manifestation of egn while not affecting antibody fixation to tissue or histaminemediated skin reaction these results suggest that effective suppression of the initial steps of complement activation may be of value of controlling immune complexmediated tissue injuries in disease
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chronic myeloid leukaemia goes through three clinical phases a chronic phase an acceleration phase and a terminal BC in the chronic phase interferon alfa is more effective than cytotoxic chemotherapies but it also has more adverse effects imatinib inhibits IMT kinase an enzyme encoded by the pathological gene bcrabl which is created during a reverse translocation between chromosomes and characteristic of chronic myeloid leukaemia this translocation almost always creates the pathological chromosome philadelphia in blood cell lines patients were recruited to three non comparative trials of imatinib each focusing on a different phase of CML efficacy was evaluated largely on the basis of blood RCC and clearance of cells harbouring the philadelphia chromosome during the chronic phase in patients in whom interferon alfa had failed or been poorly tolerated a MCR lasting at least one month occurred in of patients on imatinib compared to of patients on IFN cytarabine historical comparison it is not known whether this translated into longer survival preliminary results from a randomised but unblinded trial comparing imatinib with interferon cytarabine seem to favour imatinib some patients developed relapses resistant to imatinib owing to mutations in the bcrabl gene in patients going through the acceleration phase or BC imatinib did not improve survival compared with standard treatments the main adverse effects so far described with imatinib are gastrointestinal problems oedema and fluid PR and muscle and joint pain which prompted patients to stop treatment in no more than of cases imatinib has a strong potential to interact with other drugs including PAR but few specific studies have been done in practice imatinib may be a useful option during the CP T3 IFN has failed or been stopped because of adverse effects provided that its benefits so far shown only in surrogate endpoints translate into longer survival during the acceleration phase and blast crisis imatinib may cause fewer side effects than existing treatments
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rapid fluorescence techniques were evaluated for the detection of bacterial contaminants in papermaking chemicals including ST and the resinbased sizes and ST slurries used in the paper industry viable and nonviable bacterial cells were visualised by FL probes and detected by EFM and FC the best discrimination ability was obtained with the fluorescent probes livedead and sybr green based on the staining of cellular nucleic acid and chemchrome v which demonstrated cellular enzymatic activity the process samples had to be diluted and filtered before fluorescence staining and analysis because they were viscous and contained solid particles fluorescence microscopic counts of bacteria in highly contaminated process samples were similar to SP counts but flow cytometric enumeration of bacterial cells in process samples yielded to fold lower counts compared with SP counts depending on the consistency of the sample the detection limits in flow cytometric analysis and in EFM were cells ml and cells ml respectively intrinsic bacterial contamination was detectable with fluorescence techniques and highly contaminated process samples could be analysed with fluorescence methods
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endogenous indolepyruvate has been identified by fullscan combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry and measured using gas chromatography with an ECD high specificactivity hindolepyruvate was synthesized from htryptophan and used as an internal standard in order to allow purification of the labile indolepyruvate it was stabilised by the formation in the crude extract of its PFB oxime derivative this derivative also allowed sensitive PCD and measurement of indolepyruvate in the picogram range using a gas chromatograph with an ECD endogenous C2 were found to be between ngg fwt of tomato shoots which is comparable to that of the IAA pool size ngg fwt in this tissue
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the widely distributed neonatal fc receptor fcrn contributes to maintaining SS C2 of Al and igg in adults in the kidney fcrn is expressed on the podocytes and the brush border of the PT tubular epithelium here we evaluated the role of renal fcrn in Al and igg metabolism compared with wildtype controls fcrn mice had a lower t for albumin versus h and igg versus h renal loss of albumin could account for the former suggested by the progressive OD of hypoalbuminemia in WT transplanted with fcrndeficient kidneys furthermore serum Al levels returned to normal in fcrn recipients of wildtype kidneys T3 removing the native fcrndeficient kidneys in contrast renal loss could not account for the enhanced elimination of igg in fcrn mice these mice had minimal urinary excretion of native and labeled igg which increased to wildtype C2 in fcrn recipients of a single fcrnsufficient kidney t of igg was h taken together these data suggest that renal fcrn reclaims albumin thereby maintaining the serum concentration of Al but facilitates the loss of igg from plasma protein pools
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few studies have considered the work environment in relation to workplace conflicts and those who have been published have included relatively few psychosocial work environment AF little research has been published on the consequences of workplace conflicts in terms of employee health in this study the statistical relationships between work and workplace characteristics on one hand and conflicts on the other hand are examined in addition the relationship between conflicts at work and selfrated health are described the T0 population was derived from the swedish longitudinal occupational survey of health slosh n among employees at workplaces with more than employees n responded that they had been involved in some type of conflict during the two years preceding the survey among the work and workplace characteristics studied the following factors were independently associated with increased likelihood of ongoing conflicts conflicting demands emotional demands risk of transfer or dismissal poor promotion prospects high level of employee influence and good freedom of expression factors that decreased the likelihood of ongoing conflicts were good resources good relations with management good confidence in management good procedural justice fairness of decisions and good social support T3 adjustment for SES conditions the odds ratio for low selfrated health associated with ongoing conflict at work was the results provide a good starting point for intervention and prevention work
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the prognostic significance of PNI by prostate CA is debated we have evaluated the association between BF and measurements of perineural invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens perineural invasion was identified in sections using s protein IS for nerves showing invasion the involved nerve closest to the edge of the prostate and to the surgical excision SM as well as the diameter of these nerves the largest nerve showing PNI and its proximity to the excision SM and the percentage of SN showing perineural invasion up to mm from the excision SM was determined and tested against time to prostatespecific antigen failure along with preoperative prostatespecific antigen levels highest gleason primary grade gleason score and tnm t category PNI was present in of cases with extraprostatic PNI in of tumors diameter of nerves showing PNI ranged from to microm and the shortest distance to the surgical excision margin ranged from to mm PNI density ranged from to gleason scores were six in cases seven in cases eight in three cases and nine in one case clinical t categories were tc in cases ta in cases tb in five cases tc in two cases t in one case during a followup period of to months median months patients showed prostatespecific antigen failure on univariate analysis only presence of extraprostatic PNI among parameters of perineural invasion showed a weak rho with outcome while on multivariate analysis this lost significance and preoperative prostatespecific antigen levels gleason score and excision margin status were independently associated with biochemical failure we conclude that the investigated parameters of perineural invasion do not predict prostatespecific antigen recurrence in radical prostatectomy specimens
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we investigated the immunogenicity of recombinant doublelayered rotaviruslike particle vlps vaccines derived from simian sa or human vp wa and bovine rf vp rotavirus strains the vlps were administered to gnotobiotic pigs intranasally in with a mutant escherichia coli HL toxin ltrg mlt as mucosal adjuvant pigs were challenged with virulent wa pag human RV at postinoculation day pid twodose vlp regimen or threedose vlp regimen in vivo antigenactivated ASCs asc effector B1 and in vitro antigenreactivated asc derived from SM B1 from intestinal and SVR NALT duodenum ileum MES CL NO mln spleen peripheral BL pbl and bone marrow lymphocytes collected at selected times were quantitated by enzymelinked immunospot assays rotavirusspecific immunoglobulin m igm iga and igg asc and SM bcell responses were detected by pid or in intestinal and systemic NALT after in inoculation with two or three doses of vlps with or without mlt greater mean numbers of virusspecific asc and memory b cells in all tissues prechallenge were induced in pigs inoculated with two doses of sa vlps plus mlt compared to sa vlps without mlt T3 challenge anamnestic iga and igg asc and SM bcell responses were detected in intestinal lymphoid tissues of all vlpinoculated CG but serum virusneutralizing antibody titers were not significantly enhanced compared to the challenged controls pigs inoculated with warf vlps with or without mlt developed higher anamnestic iga and igg asc responses in ileum after challenge compared to pigs inoculated with sa vlps with or without mlt three doses of sa vlp plus mlt induced the highest mean numbers of igg memory b cells in mln spleen and pbl among all CG postchallenge however no significant protection against diarrhea or virus shedding was evident in any of the vlp with or without mltinocula on the other hand estrogens may prevent the abdominal deposit of fat the cancer risks associated with hrt must be balanced against their protective effects on cardiovascular cvdiseases in UT women mortality due to cv disease is whereas mortality due to breast cancer is and only for EC this article discusses also the possibility of hrt and of non hormonal treatments in patients with previous breast CA
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on the basis of cases the syndrome of post traumatic arthropathy is described like its other forms it shows radiographyically a high degree of osteolysis fragmentation and paraarticular calcification of soft parts the picture is similar to that of syringomyelia and tabes if trauma occurs in childhood there will also be developmental retardation one has to assume that trauma may be responsible for these isolated arthropathies at its site since the further course corresponds to that of a neurogenous arthropathie it is likely that in these cases there is an underlying disturbance of the relationship between NS and bone and joint which so far cannot be proved clinically
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the annual doses received by the staff of nuclear medicine departments from public hospitals and private clinics and evaluated by the individual monitoring service of the radiological protection and nuclear safety department dprsn of the nuclear and technological institute itn in portugal in the y period from to are analysed and presented in this paper in the period itndprsn monitored on an average workers from NM departments which represents of the workers of the medical field approximately the medical sector represents of all the monitored population in portugal the professions of the monitored workers at NM departments were identified by the respective departments as administrative auxiliary medical doctor nuclear medicine technician nurse pharmacist and physicist this information was collected at the ON of the monitoring and was updated over the last y the annual wholebody doses evaluated in the period were used to derive the distribution of workers by dose intervals for every profession the respective annual average doses and annual collective doses as well as the total average and total collective doses for the nuclear medicine sector were also determined and are presented internal radiation hasnt been monitored
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dysplastic nevi are found in a significant percentage of the population and are a sign that an individual with these nevi has a greater risk for developing a melanoma than do individuals without them for patients with dysplastic nevi who also have two or more members of their primary family afflicted by melanomas the risk of developing a melanoma is especially high guidelines for the care of patients with all forms of DN are outlined
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valgus unloader braces are a CT option for medial compartment knee OA that aim to unload the damaged medial compartment through application of an external abduction moment patient response to bracing is highly VL however while some experience improvements in pain function and joint loading others receive little to no benefit the objective of this work was to analyze clinical measures and biomechanical characteristics of unbraced walking to identify variables that are associated with the mechanical effectiveness of valgus unloader bracing seventeen patients with medial knee osteoarthritis walked overground with and without a valgus unloader brace a MSK model was used to estimate the contact forces in the medial compartment of the TF joint and brace effectiveness was defined as the decrease in peak medial contact force between unbraced and braced conditions stepwise linear regression was used to identify clinical and biomechanical measures that predicted brace effectiveness the final regression MM explained of the variance in brace effectiveness using two variables bracing was more effective for those with greater peak external hip adduction moments and for those with higher kellgrenlawrence grades indicating more severe radiographic osteoarthritis the hip adduction moment was the best predictor of brace effectiveness and was well correlated with several other measures indicating that it may be SF-36 as a biomarker for good bracing candidates
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VE cell growth factor vegf is an EC cellspecific angiogenic and permeabilityinducing factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy the objectives of this study are to compare vegf and vegf receptor expression between retinal and brainderived endothelial cells cultured in or mm gl for days our results show that expression of cellsurface vegf receptors assessed by FC is higher in retinalderived endothelial cells rtpcr results show that both retinal and brainderived EC cells express comparable levels and types of vegf exposure to mm gl for days did not alter levels of vegf or VEGFR the higher level of vegf receptor expression in retinal endothelial cells suggests that the retinal MC may be more CS to the effects of vegf and this may contribute to the pathogenesis of DR
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to determine whether the pneumonia severity index psi can predict inhospital mortality for aecopd patients and compare its usefulness with the curb and bap indexes to predict mortality
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severe cold injury of the brain increased significantly both total creatine kinase and the corresponding brain isoenzyme ckbb activity in confluens sinuum samples ckbb could be detected also in IP blood a few hours after severe brain injury in eight of patients finding of ckbb in human plasma may prove a useful indicator of severe BB injury
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the aims of this study were to analyse the characteristics of patients with internal jugular VT we compared the characteristics of patients with internal jugular venous thrombosis with those of patients exhibiting upper extremity deep venous thrombosis uedvt without internal jugular vein involvement
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serum luteinizing hormone lh concentrations were measured at and mo of age in estradiolbeta etreated n and contemporary control steers n SS lh was measured in samples collected at min intervals starting at h for h and for an additional h following luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone lhrh i.t. estradiolbeta suppressed mean serum lh concentrations at all ages p but it suppressed pulsatile PR of lh only at and mo p not and mo of age luteinizing hormone release in response to lhrh expressed as the area under the secretory curve was larger and lh concentrations returned to prelhrh C2 later in etreated steers p peak lh concentrations T3 lhrh varied with age p but not e treatment these results suggest that e suppression of lh in steers occurs at the Thy level and developmental changes take place within the HP axis in absence of androgen FB from the testis
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the ciliary marginal zone cmz has long been known to be a source of postembryonic neuronal production in the retinas of fish and amphibians and more recently birds however there is little known about the AF that are required for the maintenance of this neural stem cell zone the cells of the cmz respond to mitogens such as endothelial growth factor insulinlike growth factor and insulin factors that are also mitogenic for embryonic retinal progenitors suggesting that the continued expression of embryonic mitogenic factors might be required to maintain the postembryonic proliferative potential of the cmz to test this hypothesis we examined the expression and PET role of a critical embryonic retinal progenitor mitogen sonic hedgehog shh in the regulation of proliferation of the cells of the cmz we have found that shh is concentrated at the retinal margin of postembryonic chicks moreover we report that intraocular injection of shh stimulates proliferation of the cmz cells whereas cyclopamine an inhibitor of the shh pathway inhibits cmz proliferation we conclude that shh signaling is an important factor in the maintenance of postembryonic retinal neurogenesis
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two maize zea mays cyclindependent kinase cdk inhibitors zeamakrp and zeamakrp were characterized and shown to be expressed in developing endosperm similar to the cdk inhibitors in arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco nicotiana tabacum the maize proteins contain a carboxyterminal region related to the GABA domain of the mammalian cipkip inhibitors zeamakrp is present in the endosperm between and d after pollination a period that encompasses the onset of endoreduplication while the zeamakrp protein declines during this time nevertheless zeamakrp accounts for only part of the cdk inhibitory activity that peaks coincident with the endoreduplication phase of endosperm development in vitro assays showed that zeamakrp and zeamakrp are able to inhibit endosperm cdcrelated ckd activity that associates with psuc they were also shown to specifically inhibit cyclin a and cyclin dassociated cdk MICs but not cyclin bcdk overexpression of zeamakrp in maize embryonic calli that ectopically expressed the wheat dwarf virus repa protein which counteracts retinoblastomarelated protein CF led to an additional round of dna replication without nuclear division
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eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant RT immunostain for s protein in addition to epithelial membrane antigen ema and CEA antigen cea is described to be useful in the diagnosis herein we report a case of eccrine porocarcinoma with immunostain for s protein which was useful in diagnoses of recurrent and M1 lesions the primary lesion in the left inguinal region was excised but it recurred on the same site months T3 the resection the recurrent lesion showed epithelioid melanocytic findings three months later metastasis to the lungs was found since these recurrent and M1 lesions were dedifferentiated typical histologic findings of eccrine porocarcinoma disappeared in biopsied specimens nevertheless scattered immunoreactive cells for s protein were maintained in these dedifferentiated lesions s protein positive cells could be an aid to diagnose even if histologic findings of recurrent and metastatic lesions have changed by dedifferentiation
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the canonical pathway of notch signaling is mediated by regulated intramembrane proteolysis rip in the pathway ligand binding results in sequential proteolysis of the notch receptor and presenilin psdependent intramembrane proteolysis at the interface between the membrane and cytosol liberates the notch intracellular domain nicd a transcription modifier because the degradation of the notch transmembrane domain is thought to require an additional cleavage near the middle of the TM domain extracellular small peptides notch abetalike peptide nbeta should be produced here we showed that nbeta species are indeed secreted during the process of notch signaling we identified mainly two distinct molecular species of novel nbeta nbeta and cterminally elongated nbeta which were produced in an approximately ratio this process is reminiscent of the production of alzheimer diseaseassociated abeta ps pathogenic mutants increased the production of the longer species of abeta abeta from betaamyloid protein F0 we revealed that several alzheimer disease mutants also cause a parallel increase in the secretion of the longer form of nbeta strikingly chemicals that modify the abeta level caused parallel changes in the nbeta level these results demonstrated that the characteristics of cterminal elongation of nbeta and abeta are almost identical in addition because many other type MB receptors PR intracellular domains by psdependent intramembrane proteolysis we suspect that the release of abeta or nbetalike MMP is a common feature of the proteolysis during rip signaling we anticipate that this study will open the door to searches for markers of rip signaling and surrogate markers for abeta production
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interferongamma ifngamma is a homodimeric cytokine that exerts its various activities by inducing the aggregation of two different receptors the alpha chain receptor ifngammaralpha is a high affinity receptor that binds to ifngamma in a symmetric bivalent manner to form a SD intermediate complex this intermediate forms a binding template for the subsequent binding of two copies of the second receptor beta chain receptor ifngammarbeta producing the AS signaling complex
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the phosphorylation of a protein of kda in permeable mouse lymphocytes is shown to be dependent both on exogenously added calcium and on concanavalin a lymphocyte PMs are rendered permeable to exogenously added gammapatp and other small molecules by treatment with microgramsml alphalysophosphatidylcholine for min on ice treated cells are permeable to trypan blue dye and exhibit phosphatidylinositol turnover in response to concanavalin a stimulation as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE and autofluorography maximal phosphorylation of this protein occurs min after addition of microm calcium and microgramsml concanavalin a exogenously added cyclic nucleotide cofactors do not enhance the phosphorylation of this kda protein nor do inhibitors of calcium or calmodulindependent kinases suppress it although in each case other proteins are affected in contrast an inhibitor of the calciumactivated phospholipiddependent protein kinase protein kinase c h strongly suppresses the phosphorylation of the kda protein the tumorpromoting phorbol ester otetradecanoylphorbol acetate a known activator of protein kinase c significantly increases the phosphorylation of the kda protein finally this protein is phosphorylated at a serine residue these results taken together suggest that it is a substrate for protein kinase c the possibility that it may also be an PE of the concanavalin a ST mechanism is discussed
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number of seeds per silique nss is an important determinant of seed yield potential in brassicaceae crops and it is controlled by naturally occurring quantitative trait loci we previously mapped a L1 quantitative trait locus qssc on the c chromosome that controls nss in brassica napus to gain a better understanding of how qssc controls nss in b napus we isolated this locus through a mapbased cloning strategy qssc encodes a predicted small protein with amino acids designated as bnacsmgb that shows homology with the ever shortertelomere tertratricopeptide repeats and ever shorter telomere central domains of arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana suppressor with morphogenetic effects on genitalia smg bnacsmgb plays a role in regulating the formation of functional female gametophyte thus determining the formation of PET megaspores and then mature ovules natural loss or artificial knockdown of bnacsmgb significantly reduces the number of functional ovules per silique and thus results in decreased seed number indicating that qssc is a positive regulator of nss in b napus sequence and CF analyses show that bnacsmgb experiences a subfunctionalization process that causes loss of CF in nonsensemediated mrna decay such as in arabidopsis smg haplotype analysis in accessions showed that the favorable bnacsmgb alleles are prevalent in modern b napus germplasms suggesting that this locus has been a major selection target of b napus improvement our results represent the first step toward unraveling the molecular mechanism that controls the natural variation of nss in b napus
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cnssensitivity to HB and thiopental was determined with an eegthreshold method in rats of different ages the results show that the threshold dose decreases by for both barbiturates when the rats are between and days of age brain concentrations of hexobarbital also decreased with increasing age and show that the changes in threshold doses are due to changes in cnssensitivity anesthesia times after threshold determinations decrease with increasing age for thiopental but there was no change in anesthesia times T3 hexobarbital thresholds at days of age there was a significant increase in eegthreshold for hexobarbital and brain concentrations in the same age interval indicate a decreased cnssensitivity
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tandem repeat tr regions are common in yeast adhesins but their structures are unknown and their activities are poorly understood tr regions in CA als proteins are conserved glycosylated residue sequences with cellcell aggregation activity j m rauceo r de armond h otoo p c kahn s a klotz n k gaur and p n lipke eukaryot cell ab initio modeling with either rosetta or linus generated consistent structures of threestranded antiparallel betasheet domains whereas randomly shuffled sequences with the same composition generated various structures with consistently higher energies o and nglycosylation patterns showed that each tr domain had exposed hydrophobic surfaces surrounded by glycosylation sites these structures are consistent with domain dimensions and stability measurements by atomic force microscopy d alsteen v dupres s a klotz n k gaur p n lipke and y f dufrene acs nano and with circular dichroism determination of secondary structure and thermal stability PET assays showed that the hydrophobic surfaces of tr domains supported binding to polystyrene surfaces and other tr domains leading to nonsaturable homophilic IB the domain structures are like classic S1 interaction surfaces and can explain previously observed patterns of promiscuous interactions between tr domains in any als proteins or between tr domains and surfaces of other proteins together the modeling techniques and the supporting data lead to an RPA that relates structure and function in many kinds of repeat domains in fungal adhesins
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animal studies reveal that the amygdala promotes attention and emotional SM in part by driving activity in downstream target regions including the prefrontal cortex pfc and hippocampus prior work has demonstrated that the amygdala influences these regions directly through monosynaptic glutamatergic signaling and indirectly by driving activity of the ACh basal forebrain and subsequent downstream acetylcholine release yet to date no work has addressed the PET relevance of the ACh basal forebrain in facilitating signaling from the amygdala in humans we set out to determine how blood oxygen leveldependent signal within the amygdala and cholinergic BF interact to predict neural responses within downstream targets here we use PET connectivity analyses to demonstrate that the ACh basal forebrain moderates increased amygdala connectivity with both the pfc and the hippocampus during the processing of biologically salient stimuli in humans we further demonstrate that PET variation within the choline transporter gene predicts the magnitude of this modulatory effect collectively our results provide novel evidence for the importance of cholinergic signaling in modulating neural pathways supporting arousal attention and memory in humans further our results may shed light on prior association studies linking functional R2 within thebrain would be more informative in field studies and other studies with environmentally realistic SE concentrations
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attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd is a common condition with comorbid insomnia reported in of children and adults these patients demonstrate delays in sleepwake rhythms nocturnal rise in melatonin and early morning rise in cortisol given that standard psychopharmacologic treatments for adhd often do not completely control symptoms in participants with circadian rhythm delay we sought to test whether BLT blt advances circadian rhythms and further reduces adhd PS over standard treatments in addition to SOC participants with adhd diagnosis underwent week of baseline assessment followed by weeks of min morning lux blt beginning h T3 midsleep time participants minimized overhead light T3 pm wore an actigraphy watch and recorded blt time on daily sleep logs dim light melatonin ON dlmo was assessed at baseline and T3 week treatment adhd PS were measured by the adhdrating scales adhdrs blt significantly advanced the phase of dlmo by min mean time sem advanced to and midsleep time by min advanced to paired ttests p and respectively phase advances in dlmo or midsleep time were significantly correlated with decreased adhdrs total scores p and and hyperactiveimpulsive subscores p and respectively actigraphy analysis for a subset of participants with significant dlmo phase advance revealed no significant changes in total sleep time SE wake T3 SO or percent wake during sleep interval this is the first successful use of blt for advancing melatonin phase and improving adhd symptoms in adults blt may be a cDNA treatment for both delayed sleep timing and adhd PS in adults
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studies of advance care planning acp completion rates in hivinfected persons predate the graying of the hiv epidemic we sought to examine current acp completion rates and factors influencing completion among hivinfected persons
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metabolism of pge and pgf alpha by cytosolic fractions g supernatant of rabbit uterus oviduct and lung was measured in vitro metabolism of pge was greater than that of FP for oviduct and uterus T3 an ovulating i.t. of hcg metabolism of both pge and FP by lung and uterus declined linearly up to h during the time of ovum transport the amount of pg metabolism by the oviduct did not change significantly during this period but the percentage changes of pge and FP metabolism from oestrous values did differ and perhaps indicated a change in the ratio of intracellular pgs no NC of metabolism of either pg by lung uterus or oviduct occurred at or h T3 an i.t. of micrograms oestradiol cyclopentylpropionate given concomitantly with the hcg a treatment regimen which causes tubelocking of ova however progesterone treatment in a regimen known to cause accelerated transport of ova through the oviduct caused significantly enhanced metabolism of both pge and FP by uterus and oviduct but not lung and h later except for pge by uterus at h these results suggest that changes in metabolism of pge and pgf alpha by the oviduct may be involved in the mechanisms controlling ovum transport
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antioxidants in particular vitamin e ve have been reported to protect against diabetic renal injury alphalipoic acid la has been found to attenuate DPN but its effects on nephropathy have not been examined in the present T0 parameters of glomerular injury were examined in streptozotocin diabetic rats after mo on unsupplemented diets and in diabetic rats that received the lowest daily dose of dietary la mgkg body wt ve iukg body wt or VC vc gkg body wt which detectably increased the renal cortical content of each antioxidant blood gl values did not differ among the diabetic CG at mo inulin clearance urinary albumin excretion fractional Al clearance VG and glomerular content of immunoreactive transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta and collagen alpha iv all were significantly increased in unsupplemented d compared with agematched nondiabetic controls with the exception of inulin clearance la prevented or significantly attenuated the increase in all of these glomerular parameters in d as well as the increases in renal tubular cell tgfbeta seen in d at the dose used ve reduced inulin clearance in d to control C2 but failed to alter any of the other indices of glomerular injury or to suppress renal tubular cell tgfbeta in d vc suppressed urinary Al excretion fractional Al clearance and VG but not glomerular or tubular tgfbeta or glomerular collagen alpha iv content la but not ve or vc significantly increased renal cortical glutathione content in d these data indicate that la is effective in the prevention of early diabetic glomerular injury and suggest that this agent may have advantages over high doses of either ve or vc
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agoutirelated protein agrp is a naturally occurring antagonist of melanocortin action it is expressed mainly in the arcuate nucleus where it plays an important role in the hypothalamic control of FF and SE homeostasis by antagonism of central MCRs in mammals besides in the BB the melanocortin receptor is expressed in numerous IP tissues in the chicken to examine whether or not the IP melanocortin receptor signaling could be regulated by agrp we cloned and localized the expression of the agrp gene in the chicken the chicken agrp gene was found to encode a or CAA protein depending on the usage of two alternative translation initiation sites the coding sequence consisted of three exons like that of rat species the CT cysteinerich region of the predicted agrp displayed high C2 of identity to rat counterparts and all cysteine residues conferring functional conformation of agrp were conserved however other regions showed apparently no homology suggesting that biological activities of agrp are located in its CT region rtpcr analysis detected the agrp mrna in all tissues examined the BB adrenal gland heart liver spleen gonads kidney uropygial gland skeletal muscle and adipose tissues interestingly the skin also expressed the agrp mrna where agouti another melanocortin receptor antagonist regulating hair pigmentation is expressed in rodents most of those agrpexpressing tissues have been demonstrated to express melanocortin receptors andor other subtypes of melanocortin receptor whose mammalian counterparts can bind agrp these results imply the possibility that some peripheral melanocortin systems could be regulated by the PET interaction between melanocortins and agrp at MCRs in the chicken
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observationbased assessments of movement are a standard component in clinical assessment of patients with nonspecific low back pain while aberrant motion patterns can be detected visually clinicians are unable to assess underlying neuromuscular strategies during these tests the purpose of this study was to compare coordination of the trunk and hip muscles during commonly used assessments for lumbopelvic control in people with low back pain lbp and MC subjects electromyography was recorded from hip and trunk muscles of participants with lbp during performance of the AS hip abduction ahabd and active straight leg raise aslr tests relative muscle timing was calculated using CC participants with lbp demonstrated a VL strategy while control subjects used a consistent PT to distal activation strategy during both frontal and sagittal plane movements findings from this T0 provide insight into underlying neuromuscular control during commonly used assessment tests for patients with lbp that may help to guide targeted intervention approaches
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the dynamics in isotopic solvents of selectively c labeled synthetic melittin and three analogues have been investigated by using nmr and fluorescence techniques both separately and in combination in conjunction with the modelfree approach to interpretation of nmr EC50 data lipari g szabo a j am chem soc the availability of rs and lifetime data augment t t and noe data to provide qufed rats the activator sera were devoid of very LD and low density lipoproteins but enriched in HD lipoproteins muscle lipoprotein lipase activities were significantly lower when assayed with the activator SS from the zincdeficient compared with the MICs determined with the activator serum from the ad libitumfed similarly muscle lipoprotein lipase MICs were lower in all CG when htrioleinlabeled chylomicrons from the zincdeficient were used as the substrate compared with the activities determined using the chylomicrons from the ad libitumfed lipoprotein lipase MICs in the adipose tissues were not affected by the different sources of the activator sera and CMs the results strongly suggest that the decrease in postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity in ZD is not due to changes in tissue lipoprotein lipase enzyme per se but to compositional alterations in CMs and HD lipoprotein particularly with regard to c apolipoproteins modulators of lipoprotein lipase activity
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tympanometry was evaluated as a measure of the volume of the aircontaining space of the middle ear cleft as well as of tympanic membrane MSD in persons with intact Tty CM static compliance reduced with compliance of ear canal volume at mm ho was determined with khz probe tone frequency further the difference in compliance obtained at mm ho was regarded as a measure of ear drum mobility the volume of the ME cleft including the mastoid air cell system was measured indirectly by xray of the ear in a lateral projection no relation was found to exist between static compliance and mastoid air cell area measured on the xray film nor was there any relation found between ear drum mobility measured with tympanometry and size of the mastoid air cell system
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functional communication training fct is an empirically supported treatment for problem SMB displayed by individuals with intellectual disabilities hagopian fisher sullivan acquisto and leblanc analyzed applications of fct and showed that extinction was a necessary component of fct but sometimes punishment was needed to maintain low C2 of problem SMB the current consecutive case series summarized data from applications of fct in more recent cases this analysis extended and updated hagopian et al by examining fct when used in combination with alternative reinforcement noncontingent and differential reinforcement and multiple schedules during schedule thinning although it is difficult to make direct comparisons with the T0 the results of the current case series analysis suggest that fct can be enhanced when used in combination with alternative reinforcement and when multiple schedules are used during schedule thinning
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the synthesis of symmetrically disubstituted butestrols mesobishydroxyphenylbutanes and of disubstituted metabutestrols mesobishydroxyphenylbutanes are described substituents h oh f cl br ch and ch substituents h oh cl and ch EDC were obtained by reductive coupling of the corresponding phenylethanols with ticllialh and separation of the meso diastereomers the IB affinity of the test compounds to the calf uterine estrogen receptor was measured relative to that of hestradiol by a competitive IB CA with the exception of all other compounds showed remarkably high relative IB affinity rba values between and that of estradiol EDC and rba values and as well as and and exceeded those of the corresponding unsubstituted EDC and and the compounds exhibited strong and moderate and weak or no estrogenic activity in the uterine weight test of the immature mouse compounds and showed antiestrogenic activity inhibiting the estronestimulated uterine growth inhibition compound led to a significant inhibition of the RT growth when tested on the dimethylbenzanthracene induced hormonedependent mammary carcinoma of the spraguedawley rat
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separation of complex valued signals is a frequently arising problem in signal processing for example separation of convolutively mixed source signals involves computations on complex valued signals in this article it is assumed that the original complex valued source signals are mutually statistically independent and the problem is solved by the independent component analysis ica MM ica is a statistical method for transforming an observed multidimrcinoma and invasive breast carcinomas were used the numbers of MI and AI cells were microscopically counted in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections mi and ai respectively and the ratio of the values of mi and ai was calculated for each individual case ma index a distinction was made between well differentiated and poorly differentiated breast lesions based on histological type and nuclear grade to arrive at two plausible progression models for breast carcinogenesis for the well differentiated breast lesions the mi was rather equal for hyperplasias and well differentiated dcis but increased fold from dcis to well differentiated invasive carcinoma the ai remained in the same range resulting in a fold increase of the ma index for the poorly differentiated breast lesions a significant increase in mi and ai was found from PH to poorly differentiated dcis from dcis to poorly differentiated invasive carcinoma the mi increased significantly and the ai decreased fold ns resulting in a fold significant increase of the ma index in conclusion the net increase of the number of cells in the transition from well differentiated preinvasive to well differentiated invasive carcinoma is accompanied by an increase of cell proliferation rather than decrease in apoptosis suggesting that in these lesions proliferation related mechanisms are most important in carcinogenesis and progression in contrast in poorly differentiated breast lesions decreased apoptosis seems to be also important in carcinogenesis and progression at present we are gathering patients with invasive breast CA who had a previous biopsy with a preinvasive lesion to obtain further more direct evidence for this hypothesis
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