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hydrocephalus was induced in AD rabbits by injecting silicone oil into the cisterna magna mean intracranial pressure was significantly elevated for approximately h postinjection during which time maximal ventricular dilatation was attained stretching and compression of PV tissue and capillaries accompanied dilation of the lateral ventricles ventricular dilation promoted mitotic activity among the PV astroglia ventriculomegaly altered the metabolism of the monoamine neurotransmitters in the cortex hippocampus diencephalon hypothalamus and BS ischemic injury to SN of the hippocampal formation particularly the DG was observed when HC had persisted for more than weeks cerebrospinal fluid shunting effectively reversed the neuropathologic changes only when done in the early stages of HC when HC persisted for weeks rapid reversal of changes in the ependyma and periventricular capillaries was prevented largely by periventricular gliosis
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in outpatients who visited our pain clinic we evaluated their psychological status before the first examination and one month after the treatment using SDS sds and statetrate anxiety inventory stai sds state anxiety and trate anxiety scores were significantly higher in the patients with pain TG neuralgia neckshoulderarm pain syndrome lumbago and psychological pain n compared with the patients without pain sudden deafness and FN palsy n p of the patients with pain patients with psychogenic pain showed the highest score in every test the scores of sds and SA became significantly lower one month T3 the treatments compared with ones before the first examination p it was considered that the decline in every score was due to the treatments in our pain clinic in patients whose score of trate anxiety before the first examination was more than points the sds and state anxiety showed high scores even one month after the treatments this finding suggests that these patients need psychosomatic managements
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obtaining a real consent is fundamental to the propriety of treatment given by district nurses real consent respects patient autonomy and is underpinned by three key elements in this article on the principles of patient consent richard griffith outlines the elements of a real consent and the importance of obtaining consent to district nurse practice
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it is not known whether an acute decrease in the plasma concentration of any essential CAA as occurs during insulin infusion impairs protein synthesis to test this hypothesis in humans selective hypoisoleucinemia or hypothreoninemia was induced by insulin infusion while maintaining normal or elevated PC of the other amino acids via their selective infusion the effects on protein synthesis were assessed using leucine kinetics and fractional synthetic rates of the two hepatic proteins Al and fibrinogen results were compared with those of a combined insulin and complete CAA infusion hypoisoleucinemia increased leucine oxidation p less than and decreased nonoxidative leucine disposal p less than and net leucine balance p less than whereas hypothreoninemia had no effect on any of these parameters neither hypoisoleucinemia or hypothreoninemia altered Al and fibrinogen fractional synthetic rates when compared with the control study because of the known relationships between intra and extracellular CAA concentrations the hypoisoleucinemia was most likely associated with a decreased intracellular concentration of isoleucine such would not be the case for hypothreoninemia thus acute limited availability of a single essential CAA can adversely affect nonhepatic protein synthesis
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recent studies suggest that STR str followed by radiation therapy rt is an appealing alternative to gross total resection gtr for craniopharyngioma but it remains controversial we conducted a metaanalysis to determine whether gtr is superior to str with rt for craniopharyngioma
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the influence of glycaemic control and diabetes characteristics on PC of magnesium zinc copper Se rubidium and bromine has been evaluated in diabetics insulindependent non IDD and the results obtained were compared to those of control subjects of the same mean age diabetics had reduced plasma magnesium concentrations p less than but normal EA magnesium C2 plasma zinc and Se concentrations were reduced whereas those of copper were increased and those of bromine and rubidium were normal correlation between glycaemic control evaluated by measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin C2 and each of the parameters studied was only demonstrated with magnesium in IDDs r p less than no correlation was found with the other clinical or anthropometric characteristics of the diabetic patients studied diabetes seems to be associated with numerous CA of plasma trace elements and magnesium but the mechanism of these abnormalities has not yet been elucidated a decrease in zinc and Se concentrations and an increase in copper concentrations might be additional factors of atherogenicity
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the metabolism of c arachidonic acid aa by arterial wall in patients with renal cell carcinoma and in control patients undergoing nephrectomy was investigated by a high pressure liquid chromatography hplc system no differences in c aa uptake and in the total amount of metabolites were found between the two CG whereas the amounts of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway cop and lop metabolites produced by patients with renal cell carcinoma were significantly lower and respectively higher than those produced by the control group the coplop ratio was in the control group in comparison to in renal cell carcinoma patients the decrease in cop metabolites was due to a markperipheral resistance and respectively limb vascular resistance and and ald and and increased co and lbf and and pra and no significant change was observed in hr or sti en mg od or mg bd reduced arterial pressure to a similar extent through a fall in total peripheral resistance an increase in co was also observed
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the present study aims to investigate the antiatherosclerotic effects of lactones extracted from ligusticum chuanxiong hort llc in apoedeficient mice apoe mice and proclaim its underlying mechanisms expression of EC adhesion molecules and nfκb around the AS lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry ihc to further validate the mechanism effect of llc on the secretion of icam and vcam of human umbilical vein endothelial cells huvecs induced by RT necrosis factor α tnfα was measured by elisa and the activation of nfκb was detected by western blot mice treated with llc showed significant reduction in lesion sizes of thoracic segments of the aorta p meanwhile llc treatments lead to decreases of SS tg tc and ldlc contents respectively llc also decreased the expression of cd ICAM-1 icam monocyte chemoattractant protein mcp and nuclear factorkappa b nfκb in the AS plaque moreover llc at μgml can dosedependently attenuate the expression of icam and vcam in tnfα stimulated huvecs western blot result indicated llc inhibited activation of nsis cf are living longer chronic malabsorption of carotenoids associated with cf resulting in decreased MP mp may affect macular LT health in laterlife pathology this study compared the macular pigment optical density mpod and corresponding CE macular volume mv of AD cf subjects and agematched NCs subjects to determine whether chronic malabsorption associated with cf could adversely affect macular photoreceptor anatomy
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GA lightening of caryoplasma the appearance of destructive areas in which electronoptic density was undetectable ruptures in chromatin chains changes in the nature of structural organization of euchromatic areas at the expense of density RD have been found in the nuclei of brain cortex oligodendrogliocytes and astrocytes by electron microscopy of caryoplasma of the nuclei from light SN during experiments on anesthetized AD mongrel dogs weighing to kg recovered T3 a hour HS bp mm hg the nuclei of dark SN and oligodendrogliocytes had matrix structure similar to control the nuclei of astrocytes had marked matrix lightening with the formation of large zones in which electronoptic density was undetectable it is evident that the degree of chromatin destruction in different neurons was not identical in hemorrhagic shock and depended on the functional neuronal activity it has been established that there is a significant increase in the activity of nuclear ca mgdepended endonucleases associated with chromatin and irreversibly cleaving ds and sschromatin dna chains we believe that an increase in ca mgdepended dnaendonuclease activity should be considered an important pathogenetic factor in destructive processes that take place in the nuclei of BB cortex SN in severe HS
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linkagedisequilibrium ld mapping is a powerful tool for finemapping disease genes recently mcpeek and strahs am j hum genet proposed a multilocus model for ld mapping based on the decay of haplotype sharing here we extend their approach in two ways first instead of assuming each marker S2 has an equal chance to mutate to one of the other marker alleles we use the stepwisemutation model to describe the mutation process for microsatellite markers second in addition to the independence MM and the constant population size MM they considered we model the dependence among observed haplotypes due to population structure by using a GA conditionalcoalescent MM with VL population size through simulation studies we T0 the effects of the stepwisemutation MM and variable population size on the estimates of disease gene location mutation rate and time to the most recent common ancestor of the sampled haplotypes we then use this method to analyze progressive myoclonus epilepsy data
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invertebrate models have advantages for understanding the basis of behavioral aging due to their simple nervous systems and short lifespans the potential usefulness of aplysia californica in aging research is apparent from its long history of neurobiological research but it has been underexploited in this model use aging of simple reflexes at both single sensory neuron and neural circuit C2 was studied to connect behavioral aging to neurophysiological aging the tail withdrawal reflex twr righting reflex and biting response were measured throughout sexual maturity in cohorts of hatcheryreared animals of known age reflex times increased and reflex amplitudes decreased significantly during aging aging in SNs of animals with deficits in measures of the twr and biting response resulted in significantly reduced excitability in old animals compared to their younger siblings the threshold for firing increased while the number of action potentials in response to depolarizing current injection decreased during aging in SNs but not in tail motoneurons glu receptoractivated responses in SNs also decreased with aging in old tail MNs the amplitude of evoked epsps following tail shock decreased presumably due to reduced SN excitability during aging the results were used to develop stages of aging relevant to both hatcheryreared and wildcaught aplysia aplysia is a viable aging MM in which the contributions of differential aging of components of neural circuits may be assessed
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during nephrogenesis dynamic changes in the expression of cell adhesion molecules are evident as epithelial structures differentiate from the induced mesenchyme the cadherins are thought to play an important role in the MM when cells aggregate to form the renal vesicle a polarized epithelial structure which eventually fuses with the ureteric bud to generate a continuous nascent nephron we have generated and analyzed mice with a targeted mutation in the gene encoding cadherin cad a type ii cadherin expressed during early stages of nephrogenesis these mice are viable and fertile and they CR both early and late aspects of nephrogenesis however upon closer examination in vitro and in vivo a fraction of the induced metanephric mesenchyme in cad mutant kidneys fails to form a fully polarized epithelium on schedule moreover a significant number of the renal vesicles in cad mutant kidneys apparently fail to fuse to the UB these alterations in epithelialization and F0 apparently lead to a loss of nephrons in the AD these studies support the idea that cadherins play an essential role in the formation of epithelial structures and underscore the importance of timing in orchestrating the morphogenesis of complex epithelial tissues
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the purpose of this T0 is to present the characteristic hrct findings of the lung parenchyma in patients with proximal interruption of the right main pulmonary artery hrct findings of PT interruption of the RA pulmonary i.a. demonstrated reticular opacities septal thickening subpleural consolidation cystic lung changes and pleural thickening in all patients bronchial dilation and bronchial wall thickening in patients and subpleural ground glass opacity ggo in patients the changes may be caused by absent pulmonary i.a. perfusion and development of SVR vessel collateralization
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CS is known to interact with tamoxifenmetabolizing enzymes and transporters and potentially affect its treatment outcome nnitrosomethylaminopyridylbutanol nnal is an important metabolite of NNK nnk because it is frequently used as a biomarker to assess human smoke SE in order to T0 the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between cigarette smoke and tamoxifen in rats a uplcmsms method for the simultaneous determination of nnal and tamoxifen along with its metabolites in rat plasma has been developed and validated analytes were extracted with methanol and separated on a hss t column by a gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water the lower limits of quantitation ranged from to ngml precisions showed rsd and accuracy in the range mean analyte recoveries ranged from to the method was successfully applied to study the effects of cigarette smoke condensate csc nnk and benzoapyrene i.c.v. on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolites in rats significant effects of csc nnk benzoapyrene were observed on pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolites we also found that plasma nnal C2 are statistically significant correlated with plasma hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen
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an intermediate report on the effect of mg fluorouracil on prevention of intravitreal fibroblast proliferation strand formation and TRD OD in rabbits is presented the drug which appeared to be nontoxic to the ocular tissues prevented significantly the OD of vitreous strands and traction retinal detachment in out of eyes detachment rate in comparison to control eyes out of that did develop intravitreal strand and traction retinal detachment
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development of ERP vaccines to prevent influenza particularly highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai caused by influenza a virus iav AT1 hn is a challenging goal in this T0 we designed and constructed two recombinant influenza vaccine candidates by fusing hemagglutinin ha fragment of aanhuihn to either fc of human igg hafc or foldon plus fc hafdc and evaluated their immune responses and crossprotection against divergent strains of hn virus results showed that these two recombinant vaccines induced strong immune responses in the vaccinated mice which specifically reacted with ha proteins and an inactivated rat hn virus both proteins were able to crossneutralize infections by one homologous strain clade and four heterologous strains belonging to clades and of hn pseudoviruses as well as three rat strains clades and of hn live virus importantly immunization with these two vaccine candidates especially hafdc provided complete crossclade protection against highdose lethal challenge of different strains of hn virus covering clade and in the tested mouse model this T0 suggests that the recombinant fusion proteins particularly hafdc could be developed into an efficacious universal hn influenza vaccine providing crossprotection against infections by divergent strains of HP hn virus
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in excavations of pod hradem cave in moravia eastern CR revealed evidence for human activity during the middleupper paleolithic transition this spanned cal bp and contained artefacts attributed to the aurignacian and szeletian cultures including those made from porcelanite rarely used at moravian paleolithic sites coarse grained excavation techniques and L1 inversions in radiocarbon dates meant that site chronology could not be established adequately this paper documents reexcavation of pod hradem in a comprehensive ams dating program using UF and aboxsc pretreatments provides new insights into human occupation at pod hradem cave finegrained excavation reveals sedimentary units spanning approximately years of the early upper paleolithic and late middle paleolithic periods thus making it the first archaeological cave site in the CR with such a sedimentary and archaeological record recent excavation confirms infrequent human visitation including during the early aurignacian by people who brought with them portable art objects that have no parallel in the CR raw material diversity of lithics suggests longdistance imports and ephemeral visits by highly mobile populations throughout the eup period
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we investigated a the concurrent impact of positive and negative life events on the course of DS in persons remitted from depression and HCs b whether the imn fatal CE phosphodiesterase inhibitors have recently been shown to improve antioxidant status and no production and allow more frequent and sustained penile exercise some angiotensin ii receptor blockers decrease oxidative stress and improve V1 and erectile function and are therefore preferred choices for lowering blood pressure in men with ed lifestyle modifications including PCS and penilespecific exercise weight loss omega and folic acid supplements reduced intakes of fat and sugar and improved antioxidant status through diet andor supplements should be integrated into any comprehensive RPA to maximizing erectile CF resulting in greater overall success and patient satisfaction as well as improved V1 health and longevity
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to investigate the effect of sublethal challenge with tea tree oil tto on the antibiotic resistance profiles of staphylococci
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a substantial part of the maxillofacial surgery practice deals with maxillofacial bone healing in the past decades lowintensity ultrasound treatment has been shown to reduce the healing time of fresh fractures of the extremities up to and to heal delayed and nonunions up to and respectively based on the assumption that the process oceptor ligand IB and functions including signaling and internalization using cells stably expressing apjgfp we demonstrated that rapid internalization of the apj receptor was induced by stimulation with apelin and apelin in a dosedependent manner furthermore investigations showed that the internalized apj was colocalized with transferrin receptors suggesting that the internalization of apj induced by apelin is likely to be via clathrincoated pits interestingly we found that the internalized apj molecules were recycled to the cell surface within min after removal of apelin but most of the internalized apj still remained in the cytoplasm even h T3 washout of apelin the IN cytoplasmic CT domain was found to be required for ligandinduced apj internalization human neurons were dramatically stained by the apjbinding FL peptides primary human fetal astrocytes were less strongly labeled with cfapelin and in primary human cns mvecs only weak distribution of green fluorescence TPS for apj in the cytoplasm was observed apelin blocked cell membrane F0 mostly due to steric interference with only a very modest effect on receptor internalization the cns represents a unique reservoir site for hiv as such molecular therapeutics and small molecular inhibitors of hiv entry via this unique cns receptor are now able to be rationally designed
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the influence of dietary cholesterol on drug metabolism was studied by feeding rats either a cholesterolfree or a high cholesterol diet for weeks from weanling onward and giving PB pb andor carbon tetrachloride ccl thereafter pb was given in drinking water for days at a dosage of mgkg and ccl at a dosage of mgkg sc days before assays of drugmetabolizing enzymes the cytochrome p concentration was fold in rats fed the cholesterol diet in comparison with those fed the cholesterolfree diet only a weak induction by pb was found in the cholesterolfree group only slight differences due to the cholesterol diets or due to the administration of xenobiotics were found in the nadph cytochrome c reductase activity the ppo hydroxylase activity was fold in the livers of rats fed the cholesterol diet in comparison with those fed the cholesterolfree diet in the EROD activity differences between diets were present first T3 the administration of xenobiotics no change in the hepatic AHH was found due to changes in the cholesterol content of the diets the ethoxycoumarin odeethylase activity was fold in the livers of rats fed cholesterol diet from those fed the cholesterolfree diet the inducibility of ethoxycoumarin odeethylase was equal regardless of which diet was used the hepatic epoxide hydrolase activity of rats fed cholesterol was fold in comparison with the cholesterolfree group the inducibility by pb was higher in the livers of the cholesterolfree fold than cholesterolfed rats fold the hepatic GT activity was fold in cholesterolfed rats in comparison with rats fed the cholesterolfree diet the inducibility by ccl was found only in rats fed the cholesterolfree diet the results suggest that dietary cholesterol modifies the enzyme activities in the liver and modifies their response to enzyme inducers
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during cellfree experiments with CM isolated from carnation petals dianthus caryophillus l cv white sim the conversion of aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid into ethylene was blocked by a factor derived from the cytosol subsequent characterization of the inhibitor revealed that its effect was concentration dependent that it was water soluble and that it could be removed from solution by dialysis and addition of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone activity profiles obtained T3 solvent partitioning over a range of ph values and after chromatography on silica gel size exclusion gel and ion exchange resins revealed that the inhibitor was a highly polar low molecular weight species that was nonionic at low ph and anionic at ph values above use of selected solvent systems during paper and thin layer chromatography combined with TPS spray reagents tentatively identified the compound as a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative base hydrolysis and subsequent comparison with known standards by high performance liquid chromatography GLC and ultraviolet CS spectroscopy established that the inhibitor was a conjugate with a ferulic acid moiety PR of ferulic acid following treatment with betaglucosidase also indicated the presence of a glucose moiety and unequivocal identification of the inhibitor as oferuloylbetadglucose was confirmed by gas chromatographymass spectroscopy and by ultraviolet light h and c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy feruloylglucose constituted about of the dry weight of stage iii preclimacteric carnation petals but concentrations fell sharply during stage iv climacteric when ethylene production peaks and the flowers senesce in a reaction mixture containing microsomebound ethylene forming enzyme system of all ethylene production was abolished in the presence of mum concentrations of the inhibitor
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the interaction of the vanadyl iv cation with nacetyldgalactosamine dgalactosamine and dglucuronic acid has been investigated by electron absorption spectroscopy at different metal to ligand ratios and ph values in the case of dglucuronic acid a more detailed T0 was undertaken using differential ir spectroscopy in solution the results show that the cation interacts with the two nitrogenated molecules only at higher ph values generating ligand to metal complexes in which coordination occurs through two pairs of deprotonated oh CG of the rings in the case of GlcA the irmeasurements allowed a wider insight into the structural characteristics of the complexes generated in acidic media the involvement of the glycosidic oxygen atom in coordination is suggested at ph
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multidisciplinary guidelines for management of invasive breast carcinoma from the ACR the american college of surgeons the college of american pathology and the society of surgical oncology have been updated to reflect the continuing advances in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer the guidelines provide a FR for clinical decisionmaking for patients with invasive breast carcinoma based on review of relevant literature and include information on patient selection and evaluation technical aspects of surgical treatment techniques of irradiation and followup care
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the isotopic loading dose and metabolic period for the measurement of SE expenditure in humans by the doubly labeled water method were predicted by a propagation of error analysis AF considered for sources of error were analytical PE in the MS determination of isotopic enrichments biological R2 in the isotopic enrichments uncertainties in TBW tbw evaporative water loss and metabolic fuel the predicted optimal isotopic loading doses were g h okg tbw and g hokg tbw for all subjects except neonates in which they were g h okg tbw and g hokg tbw the optimal metabolic periods were to days in neonates and children and to days in adults the theoretical coefficient of variation of the doubly labeled water method for the measurement of SE expenditure is between and
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many anthraquinone EDC have exhibited lightactive properties in solutions and on materials under uva or FL exposure two anthraquinone derivatives were incorporated onto cotton fabrics by a vat dyeing process the dyed fabrics demonstrated lightinduced biocidal functions and the functions were durable against laundering and longterm CS exposure the structures and surface morphologies of the dyed fabrics were examined by using fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy sem mechanical properties of the fabrics were measured by using a tensile tester the results revealed that the anthraquinone EDC have different lightactivities resulting in different surface and mechanical impacts on the cotton cellulose
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to evaluate the usefulness of BAL lavage in establishing the diagnosis of the fat embolism syndrome in trauma patients with longbone fractures
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the effects of route of administration on SVR and gut mucosal immune responses induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pedv infection in suckling pigs were investigated twentyfour conventional dayold suckling piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were inoculated orally intranasally in intramuscularly im with pedv or dmem mock pigs were monitored daily for clinical signs and fecal viral load blood samples were collected at days post infection dpi and subjected for the analyses of SS antibody production t cell and A-NK nk cell frequencies nk cytotoxicity and SS cytokine levels oral inoculation led to higher C2 of pedvspecific iga antibodies in both SS and gut mucosal sites than did other routes of inoculation intranasal inoculation elicited significantly higher titers of virusspecific EA in serum pedvinfected pigs regardless of inoculation routes had significantly lower nk cell frequencies than those of the control pigs at dpi the orally inoculated pigs had significantly higher cdcd t cell frequencies as compared to in or im inoculated pigs at dpi while there was no significant difference among orally in or im inoculated pigs and control pigs in cdcd t cell frequencies in peripheral blood pedvinfected and control pigs had low but detectable nk cell MICs at and dpi however nk cell activities were barely detectable at dpi whether the pigs were infected or not SS il C2 were induced drastically in orally INF pigs at dpi and then gradually declined serum il levels followed a similar DP while the foldchange was much lower in conclusion oral inoculation may generate more comprehensive immune responses
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the liver exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate its mass following partial removal or after injury TM receptors for epidermal growth factor egf are highly expressed in liver cells which quickly respond to this polypeptide mitogen by activating an intrinsically low rate of cell division although egf appears to regulate CL growth its significance has remained unclear and only a small NC in SS levels can be detected during HCC proliferation using a reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction assay we report here the novel finding that egf rna transcripts are synthesized in a hepatic cellspecific pattern appearing in hepatocyte and lipocyte cell types our data reveal that within min following a liver removal egf rna levels increase fold and then diminish below basal levels prior to the first wave of regenerative cell division immunoanalysis of metabolically labeled hepatocytes shows that egf accumulates as a C1 kda peptide these results demonstrate that egf transcription is a previously unrecognized component of hepatic mRNA and rapid increases in egf rna C2 in the immediateearly phase of LR point to egf as an autocrine factor in the prereplicative hepatic growth program
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a yearold man had a silent intraocular foreign body at the ciliary body that was composed of iron siderosis bulbi was observed T3 an extracapsular CE with intraocular lens implantation was performed the mechanical forces applied during the surgery might have been responsible for liberating the ferrous ion into the globe
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maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be a significant contributor to developmental neurological health problems in the offspring in animal studies nicotine treatment via i.t. during gestation has been shown to produce episodic hypoxia in the developing fetus nicotine delivery via mini osmotic pump while avoiding effects due to hypoxiaischemia it also provides a steady level of nicotine in the plasma in the present study timedpregnant SDRs g were treated with NIC mgkg in bacteriostatic water via sc implantation of mini osmotic pump from gestational days gd control animals were treated with bacteriostatic water via sc implantation of mini osmotic pump F1 on PN day pnd and were evaluated for changes in the ligand binding for various types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neuropathological alterations neurobehavioral evaluations for sensorimotor functions beamwalk score beamwalk time incline plane and grip time response were carried out on pnd offspring beamwalk time and forepaw grip time showed significant impairments in both male and female F1 ligand IB densities for hepibatidine hcytisine and halphabungarotoxin did not show any significant changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtypes in the SC at pnd and histopathological DUE using cresyl violet staining showed significant decrease in surviving purkinje neurons in the cerebellum and a decrease in surviving SN in the ca subfield of hippocampus on pnd and an increase in glial fibrillary Pa gfap IS was observed in cerebellum WG matter as well as granular cell SL of cerebellum and the ca subfield of hippocampus on pnd and of both male and female offspring these results indicate that maternal exposure to nicotine produces significant neurobehavioral deficits a decrease in the surviving neurons and an increased expression of gfap in cerebellum and ca subfield of hippocampus of the offspring on pnd and the results show that although dayold male and female rat offspring of mothers exposed to NIC during gestation did not differ from control in body weight gain or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ligand binding they exhibited significant sensorimotor deficits that were consistent with the neuropathological alterations seen in the BB these neurobehavioral and pathological deficits indicate that maternal NIC SE may produce longterm adverse health effects in the offspring
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the mechanism by which pivaloyloxymethyl pom ester of griseolic acid ga a potent cyclic ampphosphodiesterase inhibitor lowers intraocular pressure iop in albino rabbits was studied the rate of AQ flow measured by fluorophotometry was significantly lower in ga pom estertreated eyes microlitersmin than in control eyes microlitersmin topically applied ga pom ester did not alter tonographic outflow or uveoscleral outflow no differences in aqueous humor protein concentrations between ga pom estertreated and control eyes were observed it was thought that the ga pom ester lowered the iop by decreasing the AQ inflow topical application of this compound caused no inflammatory response in the eye or changes in the blood AQ barrier
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extracellular recordings were obtained from SN in the VP tegmental area vta the substantia nigra including the zona compacta snc and the zona reticulata snr and the midbrain reticular formation for of adult female albino rats anesthetized with urethane and chloral hydrate based on EP characteristics the SN were divided into two types type i neurons with relatively long spike durations and slow discharge rates were confined to the vta and snc type ii SN with shorter spike durations and faster discharge rates were observed in the snr and for as well as the vta and snc the effects of foot pinch fp tail pinch tp and stimulation of the vaginal cervix vc on the activity of the two types of neurons were investigated previously it was demonstrated that fp was aversive tp elicited locomotion sniffing and gnawing responses and vc lordosis response vocalization and immobility for approximately twothirds of the SN the effects of the three IP stimuli were similar either they were activated or suppressed approximately percent of the neurons were suppressed by fp and tp and activated by vc whereas a similar number were activated by fp and tp and suppressed by vc type and type ii SN in the vta and sn were G1 and suppressed by the IP stimuli with suppression being the most common response to fp and tp the results are consistent with the view that vta and sn SN integrate a number of CE and IP inputs
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the interpretation of medical images benefits from anatomical and physiological priors to optimize computeraided diagnosis cad applications diagnosis also relies on the comprehensive analysis of multiple organs and quantitative measures of soft tissue an automated method optimized for medical image data is presented for the simultaneous segmentation of four ABD organs from d ct data using graph cuts contrastenhanced ct scans were obtained at two phases noncontrast and portal A-V intrapatient data were spatially normalized by nonlinear registration then d erosion using population historic information of contrastenhanced CL spleen and kidneys was applied to multiphase data to initialize the d graph and adapt to patient specific data ct enhancement information and constraints on shape from parzen windows and location from a probabilistic atlas were input into a new formulation of a d grapnose and treat dyschondrosteosis have been identified in only a few regions whereas in other regions centers for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital osteodystrophies have been identified and in still others no specific centers have been identified yet treatment with gh as indicated by EU medicines agency emea for people with short stature and evidence of shox gene deficiency is governed by agenzia italiana del farmaco aifa note number the latest version does not provide for the medication to be directly reimbursed by the national health service although it may be prescribed for patients with welldefined auxological characteristics subject to the prior authorization of the regional commission qualified to monitor the use of the gh therefore a diagnostic therapeutic course for patients with short stature with shox gene mutation has been proposed the healthcare course relating to such patients has not been thoroughly defined in terms of implementation and is affected by regional organizational approaches implementing specific healthcare courses for such patients may provide a MM for treating other patients with SS and rare diseases with gh
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fifteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in stage ii in stage iii and in stage ivwere considered not to respond at the end of radiotherapy therefore the whole patient population underwent BL intraarterial chemotherapy with mitomycinc cycles weeks intervals patients responses were evaluated with clinical and ct examinations following irradiation and after completing chemotherapy pelvic irradiation was administered by external beams mv for a gy dosage cgyday for weeks in cases treatment was completed by means of brachytherapy ir with gy dosage intraarterial infusion was carried out T3 positioning the catheters in both uterine arteries in cases the internal iliac artery alone was cannulated at the end of the combined treatment patients responded CR partially and not at all mean survival was months no hematologic complication was so severe that treatment had to be discontinued in patients chemotherapy caused a partially ulcerated skin erythema in the buttocks which was completely cured in all cases
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for elderly patients with multiple myeloma mm conventional melphalan and prednisone mp therapy has been the treatment of choice the vincristine doxorubicin and dexamethasone vad regimen is preferred for younger patients who also receive highdose melphalan in combination with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation bmt although survival time is similar in both the mp and vad regimens the continuous infusion of doxorubicin which the latter treatment entails constitutes a disadvantage along with the day hospitalization required doxorubicin also induces cardiotoxicity particularly in the elderly a modified form of vad therapy includes liposomal doxorubicin caelyx mgm for d QTc oncovin mg for d and dexamethasone mg for d per os doxorubicin encapsulated with liposomes has less cardiotoxicity is more efficient and has fewer SE than conventional doxorubicin and it can be administered on an OP basis dexamethasone can be given orally and vincristine in bolus infusion in order to estimate its tau and tolerability we po this regimen to patients firstline treatment in patients salvage therapy in patients all patients exhibited good tolerance to liposomal doxorubicin with no severe side effects eight patients achieved CHR and three partial response one patient died before completing the treatment in conclusion compared to other therapies this modified vad regimen containing liposomal doxorubicin can be more easily po to mm patients without severe side effects and with increased full remission rates almost similar to those with the conventional vad treatment
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BPs are strong inhibitors of BR and have become the treatment of choice of pagets PD second generation EDC such as aminohydroxypropylene bisphosphonate pamidronate or apd have not been found to impair bone mineralization but to induce sustained remission of pagets disease T3 short or medium courses gastrointestinal SE may limit compliance therefore patients with mild but symptomatic PDB were treated with apd po as a single intravenous infusion of mg over hours the followup with clinical and PSA evaluations was between months and one year clinical improvement and normalization of PSA parameters were observed in all patients on average plasma alkaline phosphatase activity fell progressively and significantly from ul means sem to ul T3 months and to ul T3 one year normal less than ul urinary excretion of hydroxyproline decreased within days to normal from mumollgf to mumollgf normal less than thereafter it remained within the normal range until one year later mumollgf after months and mumollgf after year side effects were negligible with only a transient increase in body temperature in patients when bone scintigraphy was repeated T3 months it revealed a marked decrease in the activity of the diseaseabstract truncated at words
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data on the outcomes of more than pregnancies originating between may and february were analyzed the accuracy of the data was evaluated rates of induced abortion and stillbirth were reported and the demographic effect of IA was estimated the demographic effect was defined as the percentage increase in fertility that would have occurred in the absence of induced abortion assuming no compensating change in alternative fertility control practices our principal findings were as follows we were unable to determine the completeness with which IA was reported in the registration study during the three years covered by the T0 rates of induced abortion increased by percent reflecting a trend in the incidence or in the reporting of events or in both we concluded that in any case the data for the final year of the T0 were more complete than for the earlier two years agespecific rates of IA for displayed a strong urbanrural gradient being much higher in the city Az than in the rural areas within each urbanrural stratum the rates increases monotonically with age and reached maximum values in the age group and older and per pregnancies for city urban and rural Az respectively estimates of the demographic effect indicated that in the absence of IA the tfr for all taiwan would have been percent higher in under the same assumption it was estimated that the tfr would have been higher by percent in city areas percent in urban Az and percent in rural Az this urbanization gradient implies that IA contributed to urbanrural fertility differentials we estimated that about onethird of those differentials were due to induced abortion estimates of the demographic effect were also made after adjusting the rates of induced abortion for an assumed level of underreporting of percent the adjusted estimate of the demographic effect for all taiwan in was percent
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activity of the brains noradrenergic y was inversely related with reinforcement rate during avoidance acquisition partial reinforcement effects were not evident in scrs overall the current study highlights the clinical relevance of laboratorybased treatment research on partial reinforcement or controllability effects on extinction of avoidance
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sour cassava starch is a traditional fermented food used in the preparation of fried foods and baked goods such as traditional cheese breads in brazil thirty samples of sour cassava starch were collected from two factories in the state of minas gerais the samples were examined for the presence of LAB yeasts mesophilic microorganisms bacillus cereus and faecal coliforms LAB and yeasts isolates were identified by PSA tests and the identities were confirmed by molecular methods lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum were the prevalent lactic acid bacteria in product from both factories at numbers between and log cfu g lactobacillus perolans and lactobacillus brevis were minor fractions of the population galactomyces geothricum and issatchenkia sp were the prevalent yeasts at numbers of log cfu g a species similar to candida ethanolica was frequently isolated from one factory mesophilic bacteria and amylolytic microorganisms were recovered in high numbers at all stages of the fermentation b cereus was found at low numbers in product at both factories the spontaneous fermentations associated with the production of sour cassava ST involve a few species of LAB at high numbers and a variety of yeasts at relatively low numbers
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smi antibody recognizes a nonphosphorylated epitope of NF-M proteins which are thought to be necessary for the maintenance of large SN with highly myelinated processes we investigated the CSD and quantity of smiimmunoreactiveir SN in individual parts of the rat auditory system smiir SN were present in all auditory structures however in most regions they constituted only a minority of all neurons in the CN a higher occurrence of smiir SN was found in the ventral cochlear nucleus within the SOC smiir cells were particularly abundant in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body mntb the only auditory region where smiir SN constituted an absolute majority of all neurons in the IC a region with the highest total number of SN among the rat AEP subcortical structures the percentage of smiir cells was in contrast to the mntb very low in the MG body smiir SN were prevalent in the VP division at the cortical level smiir SN were found mainly in layers iii v and vi within the auditory cortex it was possible to distinguish the te te and te Az on the basis of the VL numerical density and volumes of smiir SN especially when the pyramidal cells of layer v were taken into account smiir neurons apparently form a representative subpopulation of SN in all parts of the rat central auditory system and may belong to both the inhibitory and excitatory systems depending on the particular BB region
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the surfaces of water CSD mains and suspended particulate matter from drinking water were examined by using scanning electron microscopy to investigate the nature and extent of association of microorganisms with these surfaces in addition xray energydispersive microanalysis was used to determine the elemental constitution of the pipe surface though distributed sparsely and randomly along the pipe surface a variety of morphologically distinguishable bacterialike structures and microcolonies were observed the morphologies of the individual cells varied form chainforming cocci to filamentous and prosthecate cell types the ironoxidizing bacterium gallionella recognized by its characteristic helical stalks was observed both in water samples and attached to pipe surfaces attachment of some microbes to the pipe surface was apparently mediated by extracellular fibrillar appendages large numbers of rodshaped bacteria were also evident adhering to the surfaces of suspended detritus or silt particles recovered from water samples by filtration xray SE scans of the pipe surface revealed the presence of five L1 elemental constituents including silicon phosphorous sulfur calcium and iron smaller quantities of the elements zinc magnesium aluminum potassium and manganese were also detected the public health significance of sessile microbial communities in drinkingwater CSD systems is discussed
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preliminary studies in our laboratories showed that the synthetic xanthine analogue denbufylline a selective type phosphodiesterase pde inhibitor is a potent activator of the hypothalamopituitaryadrenal hpa axis when given orally to AD male rats this paper describes the results of experiments in which well established in vivo and in vitro models were used to a examine further the effects of denbufylline on hpa function and b identify the site and mode of action of the drug within the axis in vivo administration of denbufylline mg kg ip produced a significant increase in the serum corticosterone concentration maximal responses were attained at a dose of mg kg p vs VC scheffes test however when denbufylline was administered by intracerebroventricular injection micrograms kg it failed to influence significantly the serum corticosterone concentration p vs VC scheffes test the adrenocortical responses to IP injections of denbufylline mg kg ip were reduced in rats in which the secretion of endogenous corticotrophin releasing factors crfs from the hypothalamus was blocked pharmacologically p vs controls scheffes test however denbufylline mg kg ip potentiated the significant p increases in SS corticosterone concentration provoked in crf blocked rats by HE hypothalamic extracts kg iv although it failed to influence p the relatively moderate increases in corticosterone secretion evoked by crh mg kg iv in vitro denbufylline mm evoked small but significant p increases in the PR of acth from rat anterior PIT segments furthermore at these and lower concentrations microm mm it potentiated the ACTH responses to submaximal concentrations of hypothalamic extract p and forskolin mm p but not those to crh nm or bromocyclic amp microm in addition denbufyline mm increased the anterior pituitary cAMP content p and potentiated the rises in tissue content of the cyclic nucleotide induced by Thy extract hypothalamic equivalents ml p and forskolin mm p but not by crh nm p by contrast denbufylline microm mm failed to influence the PR of avp from rat isolated hypothalami and stimulated the secretion of crh p release only at the highest concentration tested mm the results suggest that the stimulatory actions of denbufylline on the hypothalamopituitaryadrenocortical axis are exerted predominantly at the level of the anterior PIT gland and that they may be attributed at least in part to inhibition of type phosphodiesterase enzymes
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a technique using CBF ventriculography for verification of intracerebroventricular cannula placement in the live rat is described a radiopaque contrast medium diatrizoate meglumine was injected into the right lateral IVT through a cannula stereotaxically implanted into the BB radiographic visualization of the radiopaque contrast material in the lateral IVT and the subarachnoid space verified cannula placement transient muscular spasms were observed in about of the injected rats but no lasting changes were observed in the behavior or appearance of these rats
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five alternative cdna clones were isolated for cd also known as the membrane cofactor protein mcp for the factor imediated cleavage of the complement convertases one of these cdna clones a was MZ to an earlier mcp clone the other four cd clones contained the four nhterminal short consensus repeat scr units of mcp but differed at the region encoding the carboxylterminal of the protein which includes an extracellular segment rich in ser thr and pro residues a hydrophobic membranespanning domain and a amino acid CT the different cd cdnas have variously b inserted a base pair bp exon resulting in a new CT of amino acids c deleted a bp exon from the extracellular serthr rich region d used a cryptic splice acceptor sequence to delete bp from an exon encoding transmembrane sequence or e failed to splice the intron T3 the four scr units these were shown by northern blot and polymerase chain reaction to arise by AS of cd rna forms a b and c of cd rna are common in placental rna but d was rare and e was incompletely processed and therefore aberrant the polymerase chain reaction pcr was used to map the sites of the intronexon junctions and demonstrate further possible splice SCV of cd the alternative rnas for cd may correlate to the different isoforms of cd found in different tissues tumors and in serum
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consciousness is determined both by level eg being awake versus being anesthetized and content ie the qualitative aspects of experience subcortical areas are known to play a causal role in regulating the level of consciousness but the role of the SC is less well understood clinical and correlative data have been used both to support and refute a role for prefrontal and posterior cortices in the level of consciousness the prefrontal SC has extensive reciprocal connections to wakepromoting centers in the BS and diencephalon and hence is in a unique position to modulate level of consciousness furthermore a recent T0 suggested that the prefrontal SC might be important in regulating level of consciousness but causal evidence and a comparison with more posterior cortical sites is lacking therefore to test the hypothesis that prefrontal SC plays a role in regulating level of consciousness we attempted to reverse sevoflurane anesthesia by cholinergic or noradrenergic stimulation of the prefrontal PL SC and two Az of PC in rat GA was defined by loss of the righting reflex a widely used surrogate measure in rodents we demonstrate that cholinergic s stateoftheart image analysis and machine learning methods and provides precision comparable to those of human experts additionally the runtime of cell PCD is significantly less than that of other three computational methods analysed and it is faster than human observers by orders of magnitude we applied our dcnnbased method to examine the number of astrocytes in different brain regions of rats with opioidinduced hyperalgesiatolerance oihoit as morphine tolerance is believed to activate glia we have demonstrated a strong positive rho between manual and dcnnbased quantification of astrocytes in rat BB
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saminoethylatedalpha a and beta a globin tryptic peptides separated by reversedphase highperformance liquid chromatography have been analysed by plasma desorption mass spectrometry almost all the expected alpha a and beta a tryptic fragments were tentatively assigned relative to the known globin chain sequences based on the molecular weight obtained by plasma desorption MS analysis of the purified MMP the application of PD mass spectrometry for structure elucidation of a haemoglobin alphachain variant revealed the first case of hb hasharon in hungary
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ward rounds represent an important task in clinical settings despite their importance students show substantial deficits in ward round competencies eg physical examination drug prescription documentation previously reported teaching methods such as ward round training with standardized patients or educational wards however are timeconsuming and expensive
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the tau and tolerability of doxazosin and atenolol in the management of mild and moderate hypertension were compared in a multicentre parallel T0 the first year of which was randomized and doubleblind patients who completed this first year were invited to enter a twoyear extension phase the results after the first year are presented a total of patients entered the doubleblind phase received atenolol a reduction in dose was required by in each group eight patients on DOX and on atenolol were withdrawn due to adverse effects ninetythree of the DOX patients and of the atenolol patients who completed the doubleblind phase agreed to participate in the open extension T0 at months the mean dose of DOX was mgday and of atenolol mgday from baseline levels of bp of mmhg in the DOX group and mmhg in the atenolol group average reductions at months were and mmhg respectively neither drug had a significant effect on total cholesterol levels at all four points of measurement over the two years DOX decreased blood triglyceride C2 and increased HD lipoprotein hdl cholesterol and the hdl total cholesterol ratio atenolol had the opposite effect on each of these lipid values with the differences between the treatment CG being significant DOX was well tolerated and was shown to be ERP as monotherapy in mild and moderate hypertension its effect on blood lipids was potentially favourable and it should therefore be regarded as an alternative firstline drug in hypertensive patients
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a porcine group c RV strain cowdenamc was adapted and serially passaged in an established 2C swine testicular cell L1 st cells growth of group c RV in st cells which in maintenance medium required trypsin but not pancreatin resulted in cp effect characterized by cellular stranding and subsequent cell lysis AS replication and assembly were confirmed by rna profile analysis immune electron microscopy and immunofluorescence adaptation of nongroup a RV to a continuous cell L1 has not previously been reported and should facilitate progress in diagnostic procedures and vaccine OD
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outofhospital cardiac arrest is a major health problem associated with poor outcomes early recognition and intervention are critical for patient survival bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr is one factor among many associated with improved survival
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the objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental chromium as chromium picolinate crpic on productive performance chromium cr concentration SS parameters and colostrum composition in sows thirty yorkshire sows were bred with semen from a pool of landrace boars the sows were equally grouped and treated with either a diet containing control or ppb dietary cr supplementation throughout gestation the sows received the same basal diet based on cornddgs meal supplemental crpic increased p the sow body mass gain from the insemination to the day of gestation in sows no differences p were observed in the gestation interval sow mass and backfat at insemination after farrowing at weaning and lactation loss the number of piglets NBA piglets per litter at weaning and litter weaned mass were increased p for those supplemented with crpic compared with the control however the total number of piglets born total born litter mass average piglet birth body mass born alive litter mass and average NBA piglet mass did not differ among the treatments p the placental masses of sows were similar among treatments p dietary supplementation with crpic throughout gestation in sows showed increased p concentration of cr in the colostrum or SS at days and compared with the control group dietary supplementation with crpic throughout gestation in sows decreased p the serum insulin concentration the gl or SS urea nitrogen concentration at days and however no differences p were observed in total protein concentration among treatments no differences p were observed in total solids protein fat or lactose among sows fed the diets supplemented with crpic compared with the control this exciting finding provides evidence for an increase in mass gain and liveborn piglets in sows supplemented with crpic throughout gestation
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the effect of a new zinc compound betaalanyllhistidinato zinc ahz on osteopenia was investigated in rats with AA arthritis was induced in female rats by administering mycobacterium butyricum mb into the subplantar surface of the right hind paw ahz and mgkg body weight was orally po to mbtreated rats times at h intervals and the rats were bled h T3 the last administration treatment with mb caused a remarkable increase in paw volume and a corresponding decrease in the ratio of Al per AHG in SS indicating that the treatment induces inflammation these alterations were not significantly changed by the administration of ahz and mgkg SS calcium and zinc concentrations are significantly decreased in rats with AA these decreases were CR restored by the administration of ahz and mgkg furthermore the inflammationinduced decreases in ALP phosphatase activity and calcium content in the FA diaphysis were clearly blocked by the administration of ahz and mgkg also the larger doses of ahz and mgkg produced a significant increase in femoraldiaphyseal dsDNA and in the zinc content in rats with adjuvant arthritis these results suggest that ahz has a stimulating effect on bone formation in the FA diaphysis of rats with adjuvant arthritis although the compound did not have an antiarthritic effect
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there has been no apparent improvement in overall salvage of patients with cancer of the stomach treated by elective extended total gastrectomy from as compared with those treated by partial gastrectomy during the preceding year period at memorial hospital in new york city criteria of resectability have been extended in recent years and therefore the two series of patients cannot be considered strictly comparable in the patients subjected to elective TG for CA of the stomach more than half patients had cancer in the proximal of the stomach the results obtained in this group by total gastrectomy are VPI to those obtained in the earlier series by Bi patients with carcinoma of the mid of the stomach showed essentially the same year survival by elective TG as by Bi while those with carcinoma of the distal of the stomach showed a greater year survival by elective total gastrectomy than by partial gastrectomy however of significance is the fact that the incidence of nodal metastasis was times greater in the patients undergoing elective TG than in those undergoing partial gastrectomy despite this unfavorable finding year survival in the patients undergoing elective total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the mid or distal of the stomach was equal to or better than that found in those undergoing partial gastrectomy for lesions similarly located on the basis of this finding alone we believe that elective TG is a worthwhile endeavor and should be performed for operable carcinomas arising in the mid or distal of the stomach
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partial motor conduction block an EP hallmark of demyelination helps to identify acquired demyelinating neuropathies but its electrophysiological PCD can be difficult we report a technique that may be helpful in this regard twentyfive patients with partial motor CB secondary to acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy adp with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als with stroke and control subjects were studied amplitude of compound muscle action potentials was recorded after distal electrical e stimulation and for volitionally v induced responses in muscles mean sd ve ratio was for adp patients for als patients for stroke patients and for controls the ve ratios for patients with partial motor conduction block and stroke were significantly reduced compared with als patients and HCs p surface electromyographic emg recording for determination of the ve ratio may be a useful technique for detection of a PT CB if a central lesion or poor effort can be excluded further T0 of this novel technique is necessary
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the twitch contractions of single MF from the frog semitendinosus innervated and DNX were studied T3 a brief period sec of conditioning stimulation cs at frequencies varying from sec twitch potentiation was consistently observed in denervated fibres at all rates of cs used maximal potentiation was attained within the first sec T3 the end of cs which then decayed progressively the overall duration of the effect in GA was longer than min the time course of potentiated twitches was slightly shortened inhibition preceding potentiation was the prevailing effect on innervated fibres under the present conditions inhibition appeared either T3 a short interval msec of less between the end of cs and the beginning of the subsequent twitch or after several repetitions of the conditioning schedule the latter form of inhibition was replaced by potentiation when the corresponding MF were allowed to rest for min before further conditioning stimulations maximal inhibition was attained shortly after the end of cs which then progressively disappeared on occasion inhibition lasted longer than min the time course of inhibited twitches was slightly enlarged after fatigue cs produced twitch inhibition on innervated MF in denervated muscles the effect was either potentiation or inhibition these results are discussed according to the data in the literature
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surgeries performed during the night are associated with higher complication rates the aim of this study was to determine the impact of nighttime surgery on the outcome after kidney transplantation in all deceased donor Tx were retrospectively analyzed and grouped according to the time of surgery daytime am to pm n versus nighttime pm to am n statistical analysis compared patientgraft survival rate of delayed VG function dgf AR rate and surgical complications one and year patient and graft survival did not differ between daytime and nighttime transplants dgf occurred in of daytime compared to of nighttime procedures p AR was observed in of daytime compared to in nighttime VG recipients p nighttime procedures were associated with complications compared to in daytime procedures p most importantly if transplantations were postponed until the next morning CI time cit would have increased from h to h p which would have resulted in decreased LT survival p nighttime kidney transplants are neither associated with a higher surgical complication rate nor worse year outcomes than daytime procedures thus are justified to keep cit short
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the primary objective of this study was to examine the follicular and ovulatoses has been reported this study was performed in all neutropenic patients who were admitted in a referral pediatric hospital during a year period one hundred and forty patients with anc of below mm were investigated in this study the most common causes of neutropenia were severe CN AA cyclic neutropenia hyperimmunoglobulin m syndrome and fanconi anemia the patients experienced their first manifestation at a median age of year while the median diagnostic age was months parental consanguinity was present in about half of the cases the most common clinical manifestations of the patients were sinusitis cases periodontitis cases AD cases pneumonia cases PA cases skin rashes cases and OM cases twenty two patients died during the study period considering the differential diagnosis of neutropenia making the diagnosis and appropriate treatments are the keys in management of patients with neutropenia to avoid further complications
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it is often thought that survivors of congenital DH cdh have an isolated problem related to lung hypoplasia and little data exist regarding the extrapulmonary problems of highrisk cdh patienesulphonyl chloride were used nucleoside ethoxycarbonylphosphonates were converted into corresponding nucleoside aminocarbonylphosphonates by the action of ammonia in methanol all compounds were tested for inhibition of several viruses including human herpes simplex virus type and cytomegalovirus but showed no activity a few EDC insignificantly inhibited HIV virus type reproduction thymidine hydrogenphosphonate neutralized the anti hiv action of azidodeoxythymidine thus indirectly showing that it could be partly hydrolyzed in CC to corresponding thymidine
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hypermethylation of the dna repair gene omethylguanine dna methyltransferase mgmt has been linked to prolonged survival in glioblastoma patients treated with alkylating agents it was aimed to analyze prospectively whether the mgmt status of malignant gliomas could be determined from smallsized stereotactic biopsies maximum volume mm special attention was directed towards the intratumoral distribution of the mgmt promoter methylation the mgmt protein expression and potential correlations between both twentyfive adult patients were included patients with primary world health organisation who grade iii or iv malignant gliomas patients with AA malignant gliomas about biopsy specimens per tumor were collected from different CS within the TPA methylation of the mgmt gene was assessed by methylationspecific pcr msp and sodium bisulfite sequencing in each of the collected specimens overall number of specimens both methods were validated for application in smallsized tissue samples mm the mgmt protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry the overall mgmt promoter methylation rate was in the de novo group and in the tumor progression group the success rates of msp and sequencing were and respectively CS analysis and msp exhibited concordant findings no differences in mgmt promoter methylation were detected between the different samples of each individual tumor in of patients one false negative result was obtained due to the contamination of the biopsy specimen by necrotic tissue tissue samples taken from different CS of each individual tumor PT investigated exhibited equal or highly similar mgmt protein expression no rho between mgmt protein expression and mgmt promoter methylation was observed the mgmt promoter methylation status of malignant gliomas can be reliably determined from smallsized stereotactic biopsies the methylation profile as defined by msp and sodium bisulfite sequencing constitutes a homogeneous marker throughout malignant gliomas the lack of correlation between mgmt status and mgmt protein expression needs further DUE
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twelve populations of heterodera glycines from the united states china japan and colombia were surveyed for phenotypic intraspecific R2 in enzyme systems activity of enzymes was detected following isoelectric focusing in PAGE of extracts from mass homogenates and single females five enzymes aspartate aminotransferase phosphoglucose isomerase alpha and betaesterases and hexokinase were the most useful for detecting intraspecific R2 phenotypic variability between single females was best demonstrated with alpha and betaesterases and acid phosphatase enzyme systems these results suggest that isoelectric focusing in conjunction with sensitive enzyme systems can be used to detect phenotypic variation between individual nematodes from the same population the unusual phenotypic variability detected in the h glycines population from virginia indicates that the genetic diversity of this population is complex
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aerobic granular sludge rich in polyhydroxybutyrate phb was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor sbr by seeding anaerobic granular sludge the phb content in aerobic granules was investigated and the experimental results reveal that both influent COD cod and ammonium concentrations had a significant effect on the morphological characteristics and the phb production of the aerobic granular sludge at a cod and ammonium concentration of mgl and mgl respectively the phb content of the LG reached but their poor settling ability as evidenced by a high sludge BVI was observed this was attributed to the outgrowth of filamentous bacteria on the granule surface however an increase in the ammonium concentration resulted in an elevated sludge concentration and a decrease in the phb content in the granules in this case the aerobic granular sludge with a regular and compact structure was formed the results suggest that through controlling the cod and ammonium concentrations in the influent the phbrich aerobic granular sludge with good settling ability could be cultivated
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somatization disorder has been described in several comorbid functional syndromes of urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome such as irritable bowel syndrome we investigated whether a subset of patients with urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome may have the polysymptomatic polysyndromic presentation DP that is common in somatization disorder
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in order to demonstrate in man sinus node pacemaker shift following PAS we compared in patients the curve of sinus node function obtained with strauss method with that resulting by the scanning with premature PAS of the first returning cycle following either a single premature atrial induced beat ms shorter than the basic cycle group a or a train of consecutive atrial beats induced with a rate slightly faster beatsm than the control SR group b assuming that no changes in sinus pacemaker automaticity or in sinoatrial conduction occur owing to PAS curves with the same shape should be observed if the site of the dominant pacemaker remains unchanged whereas different lengths of the compensatory phase zone i should be expected if an intranodal pacemaker shift occurs for evaluating the length of the compensatory zone zone i we calculate on the curve of the SN CF the mean value of the relation points included in the first third of the reset zone zone ii according to our results the length of the compensatory phase zone i evaluated on the curve resulting by the scanning of the first returning cycle following either a single premature atrial induced beat group a or eight consecutive atrial beats group b was shorter than that observed with the original strauss method and respectively however only in the group b this difference was statistically significant in addition a significant inverse relationship between the shortening of the compensatory zone and the sinoatrial conduction index was also observed considering that our results have been corrected in such way as to repeal eventual changes in sinus pacemaker automaticity or SAN conduction following atrial stimulation the shortening of the compensatory zone we have observed in our patients strongly suggests an intranodal sinus pacemaker shift if we assume that this result could represent an indirect evidence of this phenomenon some clinical implications may follow another limitation in addition to others known intraatrial CD sinus arrhythmia changes in sinus node automaticity difference between VA and antegrade conduction time could decrease the accuracy of atrial stimulation techniques in the estimation of the sinoatrial conduction time sinus pacemaker shift following atrial stimulation may induce an understimulation of the true sinoatrial conduction time however according to our results the error is generally small so that it does no preclude the usefulness of PAS techniques in the DUE of sinoatrial conduction the more evident and significant shortenings of the compensatory phase occurred with atrial pacing technique this finding could explain why shorter SAN conduction times are generally observed with narulas method in comparison with strauss method
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SDA sd sodium diacetate plus potassium benzoate sdpb and SL plus SDA plus potassium benzoate slsdpb were selected for initial effectiveness against LM on frankfurters treatments were evaluated at and degrees c for up to days the compounds were applied as or total concentration dipping solutions for surface treatment of the frankfurters the treated frankfurters were inoculated with a fivestrain cocktail of l monocytogenes scott a b h a h b h b and h b using ml of cells for each g package of two frankfurters the maximum population of l monocytogenes was decreased and generation time and lag phase were increased after surface treatments with sd slsdpb sdpb and sdpb solutions at degrees c surface treatment of frankfurters with sd at was more ERP for inhibiting l monocytogenes growth than were the other treatments under the conditions of this study l monocytogenes survived in refrigerated storage even in the presence of the additives tested
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quinidine PA and DP are antiarrhythmic drugs in the class a category these drugs have a low toxic to therapeutic ratio and their use is associated with a number of serious adverse effects during long term therapy and lifethreatening sequelae following acute overdose class a agents inhibit the fast inward sodium current and decrease the maximum rate of rise and amplitude of the cardiac action potential prolonged qt interval and to a lesser extent qrs duration may be observed at therapeutic concentrations of quinidine with increasing plasma concentrations progressive depression of automaticity and theta occur quinidine syncope a transient loss of consciousness due to paroxysmal IVT frequently of the torsade de pointes type occurs with therapeutic dosing often in the first few days of therapy extracardiac adverse effects of quinidine include potentially intolerable gastrointestinal effects and hypersensitivity reactions such as fever rash blood dyscrasias and SH procainamide produces EP changes that are similar to those of quinidine although qt interval prolongation with the former is less pronounced at therapeutic concentrations HSRs including fever rash and more seriously agranulocytosis are associated with PA and a frequent adverse effect requiring cessation of therapy is the development of SLE erythematosus of the drugs DP has the most pronounced negative inotropic effects which are especially significant in patients with preexisting left ventricular dysfunction as with quinidine unexpected disopyramide syncope at therapeutic concentrations has been described anticholinergic side effects are common with this drug and may require cessation of therapy DP therapy may unpredictably induce SH severe intoxication with the class a agents may result from acute accidental or intentional overdose or from accumulation of the drugs during long term therapy acute overdose can result in severe disturbances of cardiac conduction and SH frequently accompanied by CNS system toxicity decreased renal function can cause significant accumulation of PA and its active metabolite acecainide nacetylprocainamide resulting in severe intoxication mild to moderate RD is less likely to lead to quinidine or disopyramide intoxication unless renal failure is severe or concurrent hepatic dysfunction is present management of acute intoxication with class a drugs includes gut decontamination with provision of respiratory support and treatment of seizures as needed hypertonic sodium bicarbonate by antagonising the inhibitory effect of quinidine on sodium conductance may reverse many or all manifestations of cardiovascular toxicityabstract truncated at words
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with the diminishing supply of the human fetal lung wi cell strain a replacement for viral isolation is needed two candidates are the human fetal lung strains mrc and imr a comparison of wi mrc and imr was performed to evaluate efficiency and speed of viral isolation clarity of cytophatic effect and ease of growing the cells the inocula were clinical specimens rather than tissue cultureadapted isolates frozen samples of specimens that had previously yielded an isolate on wi were thawed and inoculated onto wi mrc and imr cells in addition freshly taken clinical specimens uf undetermined infectivity were inoculated onto the cell strains viral recovery rates were similar on all three strains as were the appearance and speed of ON of the cytophatic effect mrc and wi cells remained healthy until generation whereas imr cells went into crisis by generation the longer life span of the mrc cells makes them more suitable than imr cells to reive doseresponse studies strips from BN of rb were significantly more sensitive to stimulation with noradrenaline phenylephrine and methoxamine than were strips from detrusor there was no difference between the two regions in sensitivity to isoprenaline or carbachol from the known characteristics of these agents it seemed unlikely that metabolic destruction or uptake could account for the different sensitivities seen also neither normetanephrine nor desmethylimipramine could alter significantly the potency of noradrenaline in either area of the bladder it seems likely that the difference in sensitivity to alphaadrenoceptor stimulation in the bladder neck and detrusor is due to factors at the receptor level
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FPD pd is one of the most common neurodegenerative motor disorders marked by CP loss of neurons in the substantia nigra it has long been believed that pd is caused by environmental factors the discovery of genetic AF involved in pd has improved the understanding of the pathology of the disease the first gene found to be mutated in pd encodes for the presynaptic protein alphasynuclein alphasynuclein is a L1 component of lewy bodies and lewy neurites which represent the morphological hallmarks of the disease the mechanisms by which AS is involved in nigral cell death remain poorly understood moreover the AF triggering the formation of alphasynucleinpositive inclusion HB remain enigmatic indeed even the normal cellular functions of AS and of the other synucleins betasynuclein and gammasynuclein are still unknown several lines of evidence suggest that they play a role in the regulation of vesicular turnover under normal nonpathological conditions
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dynamics of the behavioral effects of lhstimulation which was used as a conditioned CS- of alimentary reflex was recorded in dogs during reflex elaboration extinction and restoration before the elaboration lhstimulation elicited either an alimentary instrumental relflex previously established or a searching sniffing licking orienting reaction in the majority of cases with variable latencies combination of stimulation and achievement of the alimentary instrumental reflex with subsequent reinforcement in short time stabilized the feeding response searching sniffing orienting reaction disappeared during the elaboration of the conditioned reflex beta of food reinforcement led to extinction of the alimentary reflex to lhstimulation in some sessions full abolition of the feeding response was achieved lhstimulation GABA properties are assumed the restoration of the alimentary response to lhstimulation T3 single reinforcement demonstrated a high plasticity of this structure the dynamics of the reflex elaboration extinction and restoration was the same in response both to brain stimulation and to distant stimuli sound and light the implicit motivational properties of lhstimulation were manifested in the ability to activate the feeding behavior in the satiated dogs
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twelve out of clinical directorslead consultants replied to a postal questionnaire the mean timonic HF the relation between static lung compliance and exercise capacity and dyspnoea in chronic HR failure has been investigated
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angiotensin ii a vasoactive peptide has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of vascular wall CA since aberrant EM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of vessel wall disease we examined the potential involvement of angiotensin ii in the regulation of EM synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized matrix proteins showed that under serumfree conditions cultured vascular smooth muscle cells constitutively produced high C2 of fibronectin small amounts of laminin and a barely detectable amount of TN angiotensin ii treatment increased synthesis of a kda TN glycoprotein by fold and fibronectin synthesis by only during a h treatment period without stimulating laminin production or a GA increase in the synthesis of secreted proteins concomitant treatment with saralasin a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin ii prevented the stimulation observed with angiotensin ii the stimulation of immunoprecipitable TN was preceded by an increase in TN mrna levels of tenascin transcripts and kilobase were significantly increased within h T3 angiotensin ii treatment reached a maximum to fold by h and remained elevated after h the induction was completely blocked by actinomycin d SS also induced TN mrna but with a different time course serum induction of tenascin mrna was also evident at h maximal at h but declined to control C2 at h these results indicate that angiotensin ii exerts a rapid and selective stimulation of TN biosynthesis at least in part at a transcriptional level this suggests that angiotensin ii may alter the composition of the EM of the vessel wall by stimulating synthesis of the antiatration were markedly attenuated in stressed animals which therefore had higher intakes of very sweet mash and lower rates of eating relative to control animals like chronic mild AS the dopamine receptor antagonist pimozide mgkg also increased the intake of a wet mash with added SU while decreasing the rate of consumption stressed animals were relatively insensitive to pimozide though there were significant additive effects on duration of eating increased and on postprandial resting suppressed the failure of stressed animals to adapt their intake to increases in sweetness and the similarities between the effects of chronic mild AS and acute PIM are compatible with the hypothesis that animals exposed to chronic mild stress are anhedonic
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SN in the macaque BB arise from progenitors located near the cerebral ventricles in a temporally segregated manner such that MLD of ionizing irradiation if po over a discrete time interval can deplete individual nuclei selectively a previous study showed that neuron number in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is reduced following early gestational SE to xirradiation algan and rakic j comp neurol here we examine whether similarly timed irradiation decreases neuron number in three associational thalamic nuclei MD md anterior and pulvinar ten macaques were exposed to multiple doses of xrays total SE cgy in early gestation ee or midgestation ee eight nonirradiated macaques were controls only the earlyirradiated monkeys not the midgestationally irradiated animals exhibited deficits in wholethalamic neuron and glia numbers compared with controls reduction of neuron number and volume was particularly pronounced in md in contrast cell number and volume were not significantly decreased in the anterior or pulvinar nuclei following early gestational irradiation thus reduced thalamic neuron number was associated specifically with irradiation in early gestation persistence of the thalamic neuronal deficit in adult animals indicates that prenatally deleted SN had not been replenished during maturation or in adulthood the selective reduction of md neuron number also supports the protomap hypothesis that SN of each thalamic nucleus originate sequentially from separate lines of neuronal stem cells rakic a j comp neurol the early gestationally irradiated macaque is discussed as a potentially useful model for studying the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia
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the cerebellar control of orienting SMB toward visual targets was studied in the headunrestrained cat by analyzing the deficits of saccadic gaze shifts after unilateral injection of muscimol in the caudal part of the fastigial nucleus cfn gaze shifts are rendered strongly inaccurate by muscimol cfn inactivation the characteristics of gaze dysmetria are specific to the direction of the movement with respect to the inactivated cfn gaze shifts directed toward the injected side are hypermetric irrespective of their starting position all these ipsiversive gaze shifts overshoot the target by a constant horizontal error or bias to terminate at a shifted goal location in particular when gaze is directed initially at the future targets location a response with an amplitude corresponding to the bias moves gaze away from the actual target additionally when gaze is initially in between the target and this shifted goal location the response again is directed toward the latter this deficit of ipsiversive gaze shifts is characterized by a consistent increase in the y intercept of the relationship between horizontal gaze amplitude and horizontal retinal error slight increases in the slope sometimes are observed as well contraversive gaze shifts are markedly hypometric and in contrast to ipsiversive responses they do not converge onto a shifted goal but rather underestimate target eccentricity in a proportional way this is reflected by a decrease in the slope of the relationship between horizontal gaze amplitude and horizontal retinal error with for some experiments a moderate change in the yintercept value the same deficits are observed in a different setup which permits the control of initial gaze position correction saccades rarely are observed when visual feedback is eliminated on initiation of the primary orienting response instead they occur frequently when the target remains visible like the primary contraversive saccades they are hypometric and the everdecreasing series of three to five correction saccades reduces the gaze fixation error but often does not CR eliminate it we measured the position of gaze T3 the final correction saccade and found that fixation of a visible target is still shifted toward the inactivated cfn by degrees this fixation offset is correlated to but on average smaller than the hypermeide primer based upon internal CAA sequence information was used to detect the corresponding gene within a b burgdorferi total genomic library the relevant open reading frame orf encoded a polypeptide comprised of a aminoacid putative signal peptide terminated by llisc a probable consensus sequence for lipoprotein modification and a mature protein of amino acids immunoblots of a recombinant F0 protein corresponding to this orf supported the idea that the encoded protein was a previously reported decorinbinding protein dbp of b burgdorferi n b p guo s j norris l c rosenberg and m höök infect immun however further dna sequencing revealed the presence of a second orf designated orf whose termination codon was bp upstream of the dbp gene orf also encoded a putative lipoprotein with a mature length of amino acids northern blots southern blots and primer extension analyses indicated that orf and dbp comprised a twogene operon located on the kb linear plasmid both proteins which were identical and similar partitioned into triton x detergent extracts of b burgdorferi isolated outer CM mice INF with b burgdorferi produced high titers of antibodies against the orfencoded protein and dbp during both early and later stages of chronic infection both dbp and the orfencoded protein were CS to proteinase k treatment of intact borreliae suggesting that they were surface exposed in active immunization experiments of mice immunized with recombinant dbp were immune to challenge while it is not clear whether the two lipoproteins encoded by the orfdbp operon have analogous decorinbinding functions in vivo the combined studies implicate dbp as a new candidate for a human LD vaccine
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malaria is a major infectious disease worldwide with over million deaths in african children every year the molecular pathways of pathogenesis of the plasmodium parasite and the host mechanisms of defense against this infection remain poorly understood epidemiological studies together with linkage analyses in endemic Az have clearly pointed at a genetic component of innate susceptibility and severity of disease in humans this genetic trait is complex and has been studied in a mouse exp model over the past few years inbred strains of mice show different degrees of susceptibility to infection with plasmodium chabaudi and the genetic component of these interstrain differences has been studied in standard informative backcross and f populations as well as in recombinant inbred strains and more recently in recombinant congenic strains these studies have shown that genetic susceptibility to malaria is also complex in mice and have led to the mapping of major susceptibility char chabaudi resistance loci located on chromosomes char char char and char
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postdural puncture HA pdph is the most frequent complication of procedures involving dural penetration for spinal anesthesia or following unintentional dural puncture during attempted epidural anesthesia or analgesia pdph causes serious problems for women who have just given birth as they are unable to give adequate care to their infants the causes of pdph are poorly understood and treatments are therefore various and symptomatic most are empirical and not all are effective when conservative measures fail an alternative that may be proposed is the blood patch an invasive technique which is not without risk and which many patients reject we report three cases of incapacitating pdph in women after vaginal or caesarian delivery in which PS resolved with intravenous hydrocortisone treatment hydrocortisone treatment for pdph has never been reported in the literature but given our results we consider that PCTs are warranted to establish the efficacy of this treatment and to determine if there is a chance that it might offer an alternative to the blood patch
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utilizing the induced differentiation of hl PML cells as a model of myeloid maturation we examined the OD of the superoxidegenerating system focusing on NOX activity membrane depolarization and cytochrome b content NOX activity measured as nadphdependent superoxide production increased with both spontaneous and nndimethylformamideinduced differentiation activity in particulate fractions from induced hl cells and human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear WBCs was proportional to their relative rates of superoxide production but activity from uninduced cells was surprisingly high onethird that from induced cells despite only their rate of superoxide generation NOX MICs in phagocytic LDV from induced hl cells and polymorphonuclear WBCs were equal indicating the equivalence of the enzyme system in active portions of their cell membranes separation by CE of the hl cell population into fractions of varying maturity confirmed the relationship of nadph oxidase activity to advancing differentiation in both dimethylformamideinduced and spontaneously maturing cells membrane potential change an early event related to activation of the oxidase was followed by dipropylthiodicarbocyanine dye fluorescence the depolarization response increased dramatically in both magnitude and initial rate of change during differentiation the cells cytochrome b content increased fold with induction of differentiation in proportion to the NC in nadph oxidase activity
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brucellosis one of the most important reemerging zoonoses in many countries is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus brucella furthermore these bacteria represent potential BW agents and the ID of species and biovars of field strains may be crucial for tracing back source of infection allowing to discriminate naturally occurring outbreaks instead of bioterrorist events in the last years multiplelocus variablenumber tandem repeat analysis mlva has been proposed as complement of the classical biotyping methods and it has been applied for genotyping C1 collections of brucella spp at present the mlva band profiles may be resolved by automated or manual procedures the lab on a chip technology represents a valid alternative to standard genotyping techniques as AGE and it has been previously used for brucella genotyping recently a new highthroughput genotyping CAS based on capillary gel electrophoresis the qiaxcel has been described the aim of the T0 was to evaluate the ability of two dna sizing equipments the qiaxcel system and the lab chip gx to correctly call alleles at the sixteen loci including one frequently used mlva CA for brucella genotyping the results confirmed that these technologies represent a meaningful advancement in highthroughput brucella genotyping considering the accuracy required to confidently resolve loci discrimination qiaxcel shows a better ability to measure vntr S2 sizes compared to labchip gx
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we report computed tomography ct appearance of two patients with krabbes disease the most common findings included severe BB atrophy an enlarged FC extracerebral space dilatation of ventricles enlarged cisterns and enlarged cortical sulci there was low attenuation in the corpus medullaris of the cerebellum and symmetrical focal hypodensity in the central PV VWM ct at the terminal stage months showed marked CA including flattening of the heads of caudate nuclei and widening of the third ventricles confirmed by a neuropathological T0 there was relatively less LD on the white matter of krabbes disease compared with that of other leukodystrophies these ct findings may be useful in the diagnosis the relative lack of LD in the WG matter of krabbes disease might be related to severe gliosis and reduced total lipid contents
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decreases in spontaneous atrial period tachycardia were measured in atropinized guineapig isolated RA in response to intramural sympathetic nerve stimulation electrical field pulses were applied only during the atrial refractory period to avoid arrhythmias responses to one to six field pulses delivered in a single refractory period were substantially reduced by clonidine nm providing no evidence that the blocking action of this drug is frequencydependent stimulusresponse lines to one two or four field pulses delivered as one field pulse per refractory period were displaced to the RA by clonidine microm such that and field pulses were required to obtain responses equivalent to control stimulusresponse lines to lower frequencies of FS one field pulse every or refractory periods were lower in Mw and displaced further by clonidine whereas lines from stimuli at higher frequencies and were steeper and less displaced by clonidine these findings confirmed an apparent frequencydependent blocking action of clonidine however substantial blockade of neuronal uptake by desipramine microm raised the slope and decreased the shift of the stimulusresponse lines to the lower frequencies of field stimulation compared with or clonidine microm had no effect on the responses to exogenous norepinephrine we suggest that clonidine reduces the amount of norepinephrine released per field PP independently of the frequency of stimulation the decrease in tissue response may appear to be frequencydependent under some circumstances due to the effects of uptake and removal processes
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this review deals with various aspects of the biosynthesis of carotenoids in chromoplasts and chloroplasts of green algae and higher plants two pathways of biosynthesis of the key cisoprene units are considered from acetate via MVA c followed by its enzymatic conversions to isopentenyl diphosphate c from glucose via formation of glyceraldehydephosphate c and Pyr and their condensation via intermediary products to IPP c subsequent biosynthesis of carotenoids from isopentenyl diphosphate c and dimethylallyl diphosphate c involves a common route including their conversion into geranyl diphosphate c farnesyl diphosphate c geranylgeranyl diphosphate c and synthesis of phytoene c all stages of phytoene desaturation accompanied by formation of acyclic compounds such as zetacarotene neurosporene and lycopene and their cyclization to alpha beta and epsiloncarotenes are considered in detail formation of xanthophylls in chloroplasts and chromoplasts involves sequential oxidations yielding OH epoxy and oxo groups genetic control of biosynthesis of carotenoids is considered
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in a strain of WG leghorn chicken with PS of hereditary diabetes insipidus di and with elevated circulating C2 of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasotocin avt we investigated whether the defect is based on nonfunctional endogenous avt or on a diminished renal response to avt di chickens responded to hyposmotic infusions with a higher urine flow and lower glomerular filtration rate gfr than healthy control birds urine osmolality fractional excretion and clearance of sodium were lower in di birds while potassium values were similar in both groups hence the high urine flow rates of the di birds were predominantly based on a water diuresis when infused with avt the gfr and the urine flow of the control birds decreased and urine osmolality increased showing both glomerular and tubular effects of avt during avt infusion the gfr of di birds increased urine flow decreased only moderately and urine osmolality was half that of the control birds in control birds the clearance of sodium was unchanged whereas that of potassium decreased in di birds which experienced a strong natriuresis the clearance of both sodium and potassium increased these data suggest that the sensitivity of the di birds to avt is reduced at the tubular level the avtinduced increase in gfr may be related to vascular effects of high avt doses added to the already high basal avt level of the di birds in combination with an imbalance in the function of v and v receptor subtypes in these chickens
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although recent work suggests that cortical processing can be involved in the control of balance responses the CE mechanisms involved in these reactions remain unclear we presently investigated the characteristics of scalprecorded perturbationevoked responses pers following a balance disturbance eight young adults stabilized an inverted pendulum using their ankle musculature while seated when perturbations were applied to the pendulum subjects were instructed to return active condition or not return passive condition the pendulum to its original stable position primary measures included peak RL and amplitude of early pers the first negative peak between and ms n amplitude of late pers between and ms and ON and initial amplitude of ankle muscle responses based on the timing of pers we hypothesized that n would represent sensory processing of the balance disturbance and that late pers would be linked to the sensorimotor processing of balance corrections our results revealed that n was maximal over frontalcentral electrode sites fcz and cz average n measures at fcz cz and cpz were comparable between AS and passive tasks p in contrast the amplitude of late pers at cz was less positive for the AS condition than for the passive p the similarity in n between tasks suggests a sensory representation of early pers differences in late pers may represent sensorimotor processing related to the execution of balance responses
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to evaluate the influence of isotope and prostate size on international prostate symptom score ipss normalization catheter dependency and the need for surgical intervention AA to bladder outlet one T3 prostate brachytherapy
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we report on a sister and two brothers born to healthy iranian parents with mild intellectual disability progressive muscle weakness and characteristic facies including highly arched eyebrows downslanting palpebral fissures prominent nasal bridge prominent nose columella extending below alae nasi narrow mouth narrow palate and dental caries and in one of them an inability to abduct the left eye electrophysiological studies showed signs of myopathy and muscle biopsies demonstrated only nonspecific signs brain mris in two of the sibs showed leukencephalopathy with delayed myelination FC and parietal hyperintensities and HA in one we have been unable to find a description of this association of features in literature based on the occurrence in siblings no significant difference in phenotype between the brothers and sister absence of manifestations in parents and a likely consanguinity between parents we performed a homozygosity mapping a single identicalbydescent bloc encompassing genes located at pp was found to segregate within the family with this phenotype © wiley periodicals inc
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an yearold male high school student with school refusal and circadian rhythm disturbance is reported at years of age he was unable to attend school because of a reversal of the daily rhythm and a moderate depressive feeling other circadian rhythms including DBT dbt and plasma melatonin cortisol and betaendorphin also showed quite different or abnormal curves compared with those in normal controls he was treated with methyl b and melatonin which normalized the circadian rhythm ie it became entrained to a h period and the dbt and hormonal rhythms became closer to normal patterns these results suggest that desynchronization of the biorhythms particularly the circadian rhythm may be one of the important causes of school refusal in japan and melatonin and methyl b might be useful for treatment of the condition
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to evaluate and compare the longterm tau and safety of microvascular decompression mvd and glossopharyngeal nerve roots rhizotomy gnr in the treatment of GPN gn
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vaginal birth or trial of labor T3 previous cesarean delivery represents one of the most significant changes in obstetric practice there are numerous reasons that influence the decision to proceed with either a trial of labor T3 previous cesarean delivery or elective repeat cesarean delivery for the majority of women with a previous cesarean delivery a trial of labor should be encouraged there are few absolute contraindications women with a previous classical uterine incision should not undergo a trial of labor and should be delivered once FLM is documented an attempted trial of labor should not be discouraged in women with a previous low vertical uterine incision although the patient should be counseled that the evidence as to the risks and benefits of a trial of labor is limited in those situations where the previous uterine incision is unknown but suggestive of a CP uterine incision an argument can be made for elective repeat cesarean delivery once fetal lung maturity is documented when the PH of a uterine incision is unknown and unlikely to be CP a trial of labor can be attempted T3 counseling close intrapartum management is warranted in this situation the optimal management of labor in women with a previous low transverse uterine incision who desire a trial of labor with a breech presentation multiple gestation orin whom induction of labor is necessary is uncertain the evidence as to the risks and benefits of a trial of labor is limited and obstetric management should be individualized after counseling uterine rupture represents the most catastrophic complication of a trial of labor T3 previous CD in women suspected of having a uterine scar injury prompt intervention is necessary to minimize both maternal and neonatal complications women who are not successful with a trial of labor require repeat cesarean delivery and appear to be at greatest risk for maternal complications identifying those women most likely to be successful with an attempted trial of labor after previous cesarean while also incurring the least maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality would be ideal at present however there is no sufficiently predictive method to identify those women most likely to benefit from an elective repeat CD the management of labor in women with a previous uterine scar is not low risk as the number of women who attempt vaginal birth T3 previous cesarean delivery increases we should focus on trying to develop reliable methods of identifying women who should and should not undertake a trial of labor T3 CD
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we have used a thermoresponsive CP polynisopropyl acrylamide pnipaam as a substratum for the culture of human dermal fibroblasts by conjugating it with collagen the cells attached well spread and grew on the substratum indicating that the polymer has no toxicity towards the cells pnipaam is insoluble in water over the lower critical solution temperature lcst about degrees c and reversibly solubilized below the lcst taking advantage of this conversion monolayered fibroblasts cultured on the substratum containing the pnipaam over the lcst were completely detachable from the substratum by simply lowering the temperature below the lcst without the use of conventional detaching agents such as trypsin and edta the detached cell sheet gradually aggregated and finally formed a multicellular spheroid this polymer may provide a convenient and potentially useful technology for cell SC
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transparent layers containing tio have been intensively studied because of their interesting application potential including photocatalytically AS and selfcleaning surfaces in the present work transparent tiozno thin films on a sio interlayer were successfully deposited on the surface of PC to provide polymeric sheets with a selfcleaning superhydrophilic and photocatalytically AS surface SL to ensure a good adhesion of the sio interlayer the polycarbonate sheets were first modified by irradiation with uvc CS the prepared films were characterized by uvvis spectrophotometry sem xrd RS ellipsometry and water contactangle measurements all prepared films are transparent have thicknesses in the range between and nm and possess superhydrophilic properties moreover they exhibit good adhesion qualities as defined quantitatively by crosscut tests however their mechanical strengths checked by feltabrasion tests differ by changing the molar tiozno ratio the photocatalytic activity expressed as photonic efficiency of the coated surfaces was estimated from the kinetics of the photocatalytic Kd of methylene blue and methyl stearate the combination between superhydrophilic properties and photocatalytic activity was determined by studying the NC of water contact angle during the storage of the prepared films in the dark under an ambient atmosphere and under an atmosphere containing either acetone or IPA followed by PUVA in addition selfcleaning properties were examined by determining the changes in the contact angle during the irradiation time T3 applying OA acid to the surface the results show that increasing the molar ratio of zno in tio coatings up to yields maximum photonic efficiency values of as assessed by the photocatalytic Kd of methylene blue moreover the superhydrophilic coating with a molar tiozno ratio of exhibits the best selfcleaning properties combined with a good mechanical stability and a very good stability against uv irradiation
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hippocampal mossy SF mfs project from DG granule cells onto the caca region mfmediated synaptic transmission plays an important role in hippocampal learning and SM however the molecular mechanisms underlying mf synaptic OD and subsequent functional organization are not fully understood we previously reported that calciumdependent activator protein for secretion cadps also known as caps regulates the secretion of densecore LDV dcvs because cadps is strongly expressed in mf terminals we hypothesized that cadps regulates the OD and functional organization of mf synapses by controlling the secretion of dcvs and their contents to test this we compared the synaptic microstructures of HPC mf terminals in cadps KO ko mice and wildtype wt mice by electron microscopy em on PN day p ko mice exhibited morphological CA in mf boutons including smaller bouton size a larger number of dcvs and a smaller number of PSDs psds compared with wt mice in adults p mf boutons were larger in ko mice SVs svs were increased but with a lower density compared with the wt furthermore the number of svs was decreased near the active zone moreover mfinnervated ca postsynapses in ko mice displayed aberrant structures at the PSD-95 psd with an increased number of psds likely because of a larger number of perforated psds compared with wt mice taken together our findings suggest that cadps plays a critical role in mf synaptic OD and functional organization
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deinococcus radiodurans although a GP bacterium has a complex cell wall with multiple layers and associates to this structural particularity a quite unusual lipid composition for GP bacteria the conventional phospholipids phosphatidyl ethanolamine phosphatidyl choline phosphatidyl glycerol are absent among the nine polar lipids detected in the r anderson strain three are glycolipids only one is a phospholipid the other ones are glycophospholipids one of the latter compounds contains one free amino group analysis by aminoacid autoanalyser enables to identify glucosamine in one glycolipid and in two glycophospholipids sugar analysis by gasliquid chromatography after acid methanolysis and trifluoroacetylation reveals the occurrence of nacetyl glucosaminyl residues in one gl and in one phospholipid the following identification for the two lipids of d radiodurans is proposed phosphatidyl glucosaminyl glycerol and phosphatidyl nacetyl glucosaminyl glycerol
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HCL is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder usually of bcell origin it affects men more often than women by a ratio of with approximately cases per year in the united states leukemias in general are known to be associated with coagulopathies however the case reported here represents only the fourth reported case of hairy cell one with an associated lupus AC the lupus anticoagulant is unusual in that it is not truly a coagulationpreventing entity but rather may result in a hypercoagulable state the nomenclature for this manifestation derives from its ability to interfere with in vitro phospholipiddependent tests of coagulation this report includes a review and discussion of the case presented as well as a review of both hairy cell leukemia and the lupus AC
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h imageguided p mr spectra of normal human brain and of intracranial tumors have been analyzed quantitatively tumor types examined include prolactinoma lymphoma and various grade gliomas the experimental signals were processed by means of a timedomain leastsquare fitting procedure which yields the spectral parameters as well as a prediction of the standard deviations significant spectral variations are observed within both populations of normal BB and of intracranial RT p mr spectra the MRs derived from the glioma p mr spectra and from corresponding uninfiltrated brain tissue do not differ significantly significant differences are however observed between the metabolic ratios of prolactinoma and uninfiltrated tissue p mr spectra ALP ph values are found for the prolactinoma and the highgrade gliomas furthermore spectral differences are observed between the patients uninfiltrated tissue p mr spectra and those of an unmatched population of volunteers this underscores the necessity for control measurements on the uninfiltrated tissue of the patient and for controls from a matched population of healthy individuals
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smoking tobacco using a waterpipe hookah is increasing worldwide and is remarkably common among adolescents and young adults in the united states contrary to misperceptions that waterpipe tobacco smoking presents fewer health risks than cigarette smoking recent data demonstrate clearly that the smoke from a waterpipe contains many of the same toxicants that are in cigare shear properties of cartilage it is the local viscoelastic properties that determine the tissues ability to withstand physiological loading regimens however measuring local viscoelastic properties requires overcoming technical challenges that include resolving CS fields in both space and time and accurately calculating their phase offsets this T0 combined recently developed highspeed confocal imaging techniques with three approaches for analyzing time and locationdependent mechanical data to measure the depthdependent dynamic modulus and phase angles of AC for sinusoidal shear at frequencies f to hz with no CS offset the dynamic shear modulus g and phase angle δ reached their minimum and maximum values respectively approximately μm below the articular surface resulting in a profound focusing of SE dissipation in this narrow band of tissue that increased with frequency this region known as the transitional zone was previously thought to simply connect surface and deeper tissue regions within μm of the articular surface g increased from ± to ± mpa across the five frequencies tested while δ decreased from deg ± deg to deg ± deg deeper into the tissue g increased from ± mpa to ± mpa and δ decreased from deg ± deg to deg ± deg viscoelastic properties were also straindependent with localized energy dissipation suppressed at higher shear CS offsets these results suggest a critical role for the transitional zone in dissipating SE representing a possible shift in our understanding of cartilage mechanical CF further they give insight into how focal degeneration and mechanical trauma could lead to sustained damage in this tissue
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a gene fragment encoding three copies of PI cpeptide was synthesized and expressed in e coli and the recombinant proinsulin cpeptide was produced through sitespecific cleavage of the resulting gene products the F0 protein was expressed at high level about mgl as a soluble product in the cytoplasm ninta affinity chromatography efficiently separated the expressed fusion protein from the supernatant to obtain about mgl of the fusion protein with purity enzymatic digestion by trypsin and CP b of the FP efficiently released native cpeptide the overall yield of recombinant cpeptide at a purity over was mgl the good agreement of amino acids composition together with shown similarities of the recombinant cpeptide to cpeptide standard in the comparative rphplc analysis and immulite cpeptide quantitative assay suggested that the recombinant cpeptide obtained in this report was the native human cpeptide the investigation of the chemical stability of recombinant human cpeptide in aqueous solutions by rphplc was also reported the degradation of the recombinant cpeptide showed a marked dependence on ph and temperature the degradation reaction of cpeptide occurred immediately in ph or ph buffered solution the degradation reaction of cpeptide followed firstorder kinetics in ph buffered solution at degrees c or degrees c only of cpeptide was remained after h at degrees c the maximum stability was achieved at ph more than of cpeptide were detected at ph and degrees c after h and at ph and degrees c after h and of cpeptide was remained at ph and degrees c T3 h with and without gl bsa respectively
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the T0 was designed to perform immunodetection in spermatozoa and seminal plasma immunolocalization in spermatozoa and evaluation of the enzymatic activity of angiotensinconverting enzyme ace in the semen of holstein bulls we used ejaculates from five bulls as part of a regular collection of semen the monoclonal antiace antibody recognized a single protein band with kda in detergent extract prepared from sperm and in seminal plasma ace enzymatic activity in sperm was and muml in bulls and respectively and and muml in seminal plasma of the same bulls respectively the average percentages of sperm with acrosome reactions after treatment with heparin were and respectively these values were higher than the percentages of acrosome reactions in controls and the captopril group p although no difference was seen between the captopril and control CG p after h of incubation motility in the control group was significantly higher than that in the heparin and captopril CG no difference was found in motility after the capacitation assay in the heparin and captopril CG p in conclusion ace was immunologically localized in the acrosome of the spermatozoa of holstein bull the TPS enzymatic activity of ace in detergentextracted spermatozoa and seminal plasma was inhibited by captopril and this ace inhibitor reduced the percentage of sperm with progressive motility and acrosome reactions after capacitation in vitro
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mesenchymal stem cells mscs reside in almost all of the body tissues where they undergo selfrenewal and multilineage differentiation mscs derived from different tissues share many similarities but also show some differences in term of biological properties we aim to search for significant differences among various sources of mscs and to explore their implications in physiopathology and clinical translation we compared the phenotype and biological properties among different mscs isolated from human term placental CV cv umbilical cord uc adult bone marrow bm and adipose ad we found that cd vcam was expressed highest on the cvmscs moderately on bmmscs lightly on ucmscs and absent on admscs cvmscs also showed unique immuneassociated mRNA and immunomodulation we thus separated cdcells and cdcells from cvmscs and compared their biological activities both two subpopulations were capable of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation while cdcvmscs were more effective to modulate t helper subsets but possessed decreased colony formation capacity in addition cdcvmscs expressed more cytokines than cdcvmscs these data demonstrate that cd identifies a subpopulation of cvmscs with unique immunoregulatory activity and reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying immunomodulation of mscs
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in this study we assess whether a population of donor inseminated women adi provides an efficient alternative to an open population of women of reproductive age to T0 the effects of risk habits CS and alcohol consumption on reproductive and perinatal health an adi population can be prospectively monitored before aearch several years ago we started our experiments directed toward unambiguous total synthesis of GCs to achieve stereo and regiocontrolled synthesis of branched OS of glycoconjugates we developed new technologies and strategies for the regioselective introduction of protective groups into carbohydrates as well as for the stereoselective glycosylations for example polyhydroxy systems were efficiently protected after regioselective enhancement of the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl groups through tributylstanylation use of the trichloroacetimidate procedure and anomeric fluoride approach developed by schmidt and mukaiyama respectively notably enhance the efficiency of glycosylations these new synthetic technologies and strategies were successfully applied to the synthesis of the tumorassociated antigen lactoganglioglycotetraosylceramide as well as i type glycan of glycoconjugates
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the product of the xlinked emerydreifuss muscular dystrophy gene is a protein called emerin which is localized to the nuclear membrane we have expressed fulllength recombinant human emerin in an in vitro coupled reticulocyte system it has a molecular mass of kda inserts into microsomes in a type ii orientation and does not exhibit any nlinked glycosylation or cleavage event affinitypurified human emerin antiserum crossreacts with the in vitroexpressed emerin and with a kda band present in a wide range of human tissue samples expression and subcellular CSD of emerin were studied in LCLs established from four patients with emerydreifuss muscular dystrophy containing different mutations in the emerin gene emerin protein was detected in two of these patients by immunoblotting in striking contrast to wildtype emerin which was localized to the nuclear fraction and was insoluble in nonionic detergents and high salt emerin from these two patients exhibited a more random subcellular localization and increased solubility on the basis of the mutations present in these patients it would appear that emerin possesses two nonoverlapping NE targeting sequences we have also demonstrated that emerin can occur in four different phosphorylated forms three of which appear to be associated with the cell cycle the mutant forms of emerin taken from the two patients exhibited aberrant cell cycledependent phosphorylated forms this data suggests that for emerin to function normally it must be correctly localized retained at the nuclear membrane and phosphorylated by cell cyclemediated events
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inferferon alfab ifn plays a major role in the current management of previously UT patients with CML-BC cml as well as patients with cml who have relapsed after bone marrow transplantation hydroxyurea hu is the best conventional drug for treatment of cml in the CP ten patients six men and four women years of age were treated during the AP of cml with a combination of ifn and hu patients had received only hu during the chronic phase of the disease all patients were positive for the philadelphia chromosome and had an excess number of blasts in peripheral blood smears more than as well as increased numbers of basophils and eosinophils but a low leukocyte level of ALP phosphatase eight of them had splenomegaly five patients survived for years achieving CHR three patients had a partial hematological response and died within years two patients with aggressive disease died within months of the blastic crisis it appears that combination therapy with ifn and hu might be a useful alternative for patients in the AP of cml who have failed to respond to hu CT
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