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the contributions of nadspecific and nadpspecific isocitrate dehydrogenases to isocitrate oxidation in isolated intact rat liver mitochondria were examined using dlthreoalphamethylisocitrate hydroxybutanetricarboxylate to specifically inhibit flux through nadpspecific isocitrate dehydrogenase under a range of conditions tested with respiring mitochondria the rate of isocitrate oxidation was decreased by about by inhibition of nadpisocitrate dehydrogenase and matrix nadp became more Ox a for mitochondria incubated with externally added dlisocitrate and citrate the rate of isocitrate oxidation obtained by extrapolation to infinite alphamethylisocitrate concentration was approximately of the uninhibited rate in both state and state b with pyruvate plus malate added as substrates of citric acid cycle oxidation and isocitrate generated intramitochondrially a concentration of alphamethylisocitrate microm sufficient for inhibition of nadpisocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited isocitrate oxidation in states and by and mean sem respectively c with externally added isocitrate and citrate the addition of nhcl increased isocitrate oxidation by fold decreased nadph C2 by and oxoglutarate accumulation by about the further addition of microm alphamethylisocitrate decreased the nhclstimulated isocitrate oxidation by about and decreased nadph to about of the level prevailing in the absence of nhcl nevertheless the rate of isocitrate oxidation was still twice as C1 in the presence of nhcl and alphamethylisocitrate as in their absence experiments were also performed with IN mitochondria incubated with respiratory inhibitors to determine additional AF which might affect the flux through the two isocitrate dehydrogenases a in the coupled reduction of acetoacetate by isocitrate where the rate of reoxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides is limited by nadspecific hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of the rate of hydroxybutyrate formation was retained in the presence of microm alphamethylisocitrate b in a system where the rate of isocitrate oxidation is limited by the rate of nadph reoxidation by glutathione reductase the rate of glutathione reduction extrapolated to infinite alphamethylisocitrate concentration was from of the uninhibited rate c in the coupled synthesis of glutamate from isocitrate and nhcl where the reoxidation of nadph and nadh can occur via glu dehydrogenase the rate of glu production extrapolated to infinite alphamethylisocitrate concentration was about of the uninhibited rate
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the effect of counterion was evaluated on the photodegradation SMB of six prazosin salts viz prazosin hydrochloride anhydrous prazosin hydrochloride polyhydrate prazosin PIT anhydrous prazosin tosylate monohydrate prazosin oxalate dihydrate and prazosin camsylate anhydrous the salts were subjected to uvvisible irradiation in a photostability test chamber for days the samples were analyzed for chemical changes by a TPS stabilityindicating highperformance liquid chromatography method ph of the microenvironment was determined in wv AQ slurry of the salts the observed order of photostability was prazosin hydrochloride anhydrousprazosin camsylate anhydrousprazosinfree baseprazosin hydrochloride polyhydrateprazosin PIT anhydrousprazosin oxalate dihydrateprazosin tosylate monohydrate multivariate analysis of the photodegradation behavior suggested predominant contribution of the state of hydration and also intrinsic photosensitivity of the counterion overall hydrated salts showed higher photodegradation compared to their anhydrous counterparts within the anhydrous salts aromatic and carbonyl counterioncontaining salts showed higher susceptibility to light the ph of microenvironment furthermore contributed to photodegradation of prazosin salts especially for drug counterions with inherent higher ph the T0 reveals importance of selection of a suitable drug salt form for photosensitive drugs during preformulation stage of drug OD
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the charge state CSD of proteins was studied as a CF of exp conditions to improve the understanding of the matrixassisted LDI maldi mechanisms the relative abundances of the multiplycharged ions appear to be a function of the matrix chosen the laser fluence and the matrixtoanalyte molar ratio a correlation is found between the matrix proton affinity and the yield of singly versus multiplycharged ions these results are in good PA with a model in which gasphase intracluster reactions play a significant role in analyte ion formation a new MM for endothermic desolvation processes in ultravioletmaldi is presented and discussed it is based upon the existence of highlycharged F0 clusters and complementary to the ion survivor model of karas et al assumes that two energydependent processes exist i a soft desolvation involving consecutive losses of neutral matrix molecules leading to a multiplycharged analyte and ii hard desolvation leading to a low charge state analyte by consecutive losses of charged matrix molecules these desolvations pathways are discussed in terms of kinetically limited processes the efficiency of the two competitive desolvation processes seems related to the internal SE carried away by clusters during ablation
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chloroplasts isolated from rye secale cereale l cv puma grown at degrees c rh accumulated more plastoquinone a pqa per plastid than chloroplasts isolated from rye grown at degrees c rnh the number of plastoglobuli increased by in rh chloroplasts compared with rnh plastids when rh plastids were lysed and washed the number of plastoglobuli associated with thylakoid membranes decreased significantly yet the pqa C2 remained high RT fluorescence induction indicated that a there is no change in the size of the pqa pool immediately available for photochemistry in rnh and rh thylakoids and b there is a pool of oxidized pqa present in rnh and rh thylakoids which is not available for photochemistry the accumulated pqa in rh thylakoids may reflect an increased nonphotochemical CF such as regulation of thylakoid protein phosphorylation or protection against photoinhibition
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three normal adults were first trained to point sequentially to each member of several pairs of visual stimuli this baseline training established one class of stimuli to which subjects responded first and another class of stimuli to which they responded second then in a matchingtosample procedure baselinesequence stimuli served as samples and new visual stimuli served as comparisons subjects were TR to choose one group of new comparisons when the sample was a S1 from the CS baseline and to choose the other new comparison stimuli when the sample was a second from the sequence baseline when the new stimuli were then presented as pairs in the posttest two subjects pointed to them in sequences predictable on the basis of the stimulusclass membership established during matching to sample the failure of one subject to demonstrate sequential transfer was shown to be a consequence of the failure of the matchingtosample procedure to establish stimulus classes the production of sequences that were not directly trained suggested an empirical approach to the analysis of simple grammatical SMB
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MCV mcv infection induces selflimiting cutaneous lesions in an immunocompetent host that can undergo SR preceded by local inflammation on histology a C1 majority of mcvinduced lesions are characterized by islands of hyperplastic epithelium containing INF KCs and surrounded by scarce inflammatory infiltrate however spontaneous regression has been associated with the occurrence of a dense inflammatory reaction by histology and immunohistochemistry we identified mcvinduced lesions showing a dense inflammatory infiltrate associated with cell death in keratinocytes inflammatory molluscum contagiosum imc in imc hyperplastic KCs were highly immunogenic as demonstrated by the expression of MHC-I and ii molecules immune cell infiltration consisted of numerous cytotoxic t cells admixed with A-NK cells and PDCs pdcs accordingly a type i ifn signature associated with pdc infiltration was demonstrated in both keratinocytes and inflammatory cells among the latter a cell population resembling ifndc cdcdccdcdmxa was identified in proximity to islands of apoptotic keratinocytes in vitrogenerated ifndcs expressed a strong cytotoxic signature as demonstrated by high C2 of tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand trail and fas ligand fasl this T0 establishes a previously unreported MM toe as an SE source during chemolithoheterotrophic growth on dms or methanol cultures grown on a variety of substrates Ox thiosulfate indicating that thiosulfate oxidation was constitutive the observations have relevance to interactions among sulfurmetabolizing bacteria in the marine environment the production of tetrathionate from an organosulfur F0 is previously undocumented and represents a potential step in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle providing a shunt across the cycle
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we aimed to determine the relationship between PET recovery after knee arthroplasty and systemic and local inflammatory responses a prospective clinical T0 of thirty patients who had OA was conducted after the total knee arthroplasty tka intraarticular il levels SS il levels and SS crp levels were measured the primary outcome measures for PET REC after tka were the the knee society score kss and WOMAC index womac all patients were examined preoperatively and at and weeks postoperatively the mean postoperative intraarticular il level was pgml the mean postoperative SS crp level was mgl and the mean postoperative serum il level was pgml preoperative and and week postoperative kss and womac scores were evaluated significant correlations were found between intraarticular il concentrations and kss and womac scores at the first month according to the pearson correlation test but no correlations were found between serum il and crp C2 and kss and womac scores the local inflammatory response is more important than the systemic response for early postoperative functional recovery T3 tka control of local inflammation is much more important than control of systemic inflammation
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the molecular basis for XLA hyperigm syndrome and severe CID was recently identified in xlinked agammaglobulinemia the molecular defect was found to reside in the gene encoding a novel cytoplasmic IMT kinase bpk atk or btk expressed by b and myeloid cells this kinase belongs to a new subfamily of TKs that contains sh sh and sh domains a defect in the murine homologue of this kinase has been shown to be responsible for xid in mice currently the role of btk in b and myeloid cell signaling is unknown the molecular defect in xlinked HIM syndrome has been shown to reside in the gene encoding the tcell activation protein gp cdl trap this protein binds to its counter receptor cd on b cells and has been shown to participate in tcelldependent bcell help leading to bcell proliferation and isotype switching xlinked severe CID patients were found to have defects in the gene encoding the gammachain of the interleukin receptor this chain of the interleukin receptor is constitutively expressed by t cells and is involved in the formation of high and intermediate affinity interleukin GBRs these two interleukin GBRs are responsible for mediating interleukindependent signals
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sphincter of oddi dysfunction has been implicated as a cause of various forms of AP however there is no direct evidence to show that SO dysfunction can cause one of transsphincteric flow resulting in acute pancreatitis
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we report here the crystal structure of the PA multidrug exporter mexb an intensively studied member of the resistancenodulationcell division family of secondary AS transporters at a mexb forms an asymmetric homotrimer where each subunit adopts a different conformation representing three snapshots of the transport cycle similar to the recently determined structures of its close homologue acrb from escherichia coli so far the sole structurally characterized member of the superfamily as for acrb the conformations of two subunits can be clearly assigned to either the IB step or the extrusion step in the transport process unexpectedly a remarkable conformational shift in the third S1 is observed in mexb which has potential implications for the assembly of the tripartite mexaboprm drug efflux system furthermore an ndodecyldmaltoside molecule was found bound to the internal multidrugbinding cavity which might indicate that mexb binds and transports detergent molecules as substrates as the only missing piece of the puzzle in the mexaboprm system the xray structure of mexb completes the molecular picture of the major pump mediating intrinsic and acquired multidrug resistance in p aeruginosa
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during the last two decades the japanese mainland experienced three rubella epidemics the first occurred in the latter half of the second in and the third in a retrospective T0 done T3 the first outbreak identified newborns with congenital rubella syndrome crs in contrast the ryukyu islands were swept by a rubella epidemic in and babies with crs were born giving an incidence of per births when the epidemic hit the mainland a notification system had been established and two million cases of rubella were reported in a retrospective survey only babies with crs were found the number of babies with crs on the mainland was fewer than that observed on the ryukyu islands and clinical illness appeared milder for these two populations than had previously been experienced these observations seem to support a hypothesis that the teratogenicity of circulating rubella virus is lower in japan than in the united states
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gilberts syndrome a genetic deficiency in bilirubin udpglucuronosyltransferase ugta may dispose to increased toxicity of propafenone in poor metabolizers pms of CYP2D6 because glucuronidation of propafenone is the major metabolic pathway for drug elimination in pms a patient with gilberts syndrome who is also pm participated in an interaction T0 with propafenone and rifampicin along with five otherwise healthy pms using SD isotope techniques the pharmacokinetics of single doses of mg propafenone iv unlabelled and mg propafenone po labelled were compared between the index patient and the five HCs propafenone did not accumulate in the plasma of the index patient either before or during induction aucinfinity of propafenone in the index patient was within the confidence interval of controls aucinfinity of propafenone TG and amount of urinary excretion of propafenone glucuronide in the patient were within or even greater than the confidence intervals of controls therefore individuals with gilberts syndrome who also have a pm phenotype appear to be at no higher risk for toxicity of propafenone than otherwise healthy pms an indirect conclusion from these in vivo data might be that propafenone is not a ATP of the ugta isoform
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grasp phosphorylation during mitosis and dephosphorylation after mitosis are required for golgi disassembly and reassembly during the Tc at least eight phosphorylation CS on grasp have been identified but whether they are modified in a coordinated fashion during mitosis is so far unknown in this study we raised phosphospecific antibodies that recognize phosphorylated tt s and s residues of grasp respectively PSA analysis showed that cdc phosphorylates all three CS while plk enhances the phosphorylation microscopic studies using these antibodies for double and triple labeling demonstrate sequential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during the Tc s and s are phosphorylated from late g phase through metaphase until telophase when the new golgi is reassembled t is not modified until prophase but is highly modified from prometaphase to anaphase in metaphase phosphot signal localizes on both golgi haze and MI golgi clusters that represent dispersed golgi vesicles and golgi remnants respectively while phoal DUE and a MRI sixteen age and sexmatched HCs and idiopathic FPD patients without glucocerebrosidase gene mutations were also studied tractbased spatial statistics was used to perform a VWM voxelwise analysis of DT-MRI metrics mean fractional anisotropy values were obtained from WG matter tracts of interest voxelbased morphometry was used to assess graymatter atrophy cognitive deficits were found in mutation carrier patients compared with controls FPD patients carrying glucocerebrosidase gene mutations showed decreased fractional anisotropy in the olfactory tracts corpus callosum and anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally as well as in the RA anterior external capsule and left cingulum parahippocampal tract parietal portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus and occipital WG matter mutation carrier patients also had decreased fractional anisotropy of the majority of WG matter tracts compared with parkinsons disease patients with no mutations no VWM abnormalities were found in FPD patients without GBA mutations no gray matter difference was found between patients and controls in parkinsons disease patients verbal fluency scores correlated with VWM abnormalities parkinsons disease patients carrying glucocerebrosidase gene mutations experience a distributed pattern of WG matter CA involving the interhemispheric frontal corticocortical and parahippocampal tracts white matter pathology in these patients may have an impact on the clinical manifestations of the disease including cognitive impairment
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a survey of the production consumption and storage of kunu was carried out some of the information included consumption rate processing techniques and equipment producers status and grains used about consume kunu daily occasionally know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it millet pennisetum typhoideum sorghum sorghum vulgare maize zea mays rice oryza sativa and acha digitalis exilis were used in its production in decreasing order of preference the grains were used singly or combined sorghummillet was the most common combination in a ratio of ww steeping was done in ordinary water for h depending on the grain type in local clay pots plastic buckets calabashes or basins or h in warm water degrees c the grains were dry or wet milled with or without spices such as ginger red pepper black pepper clove and garlic other ingredients introduced included sweet potatoes malted rice malted sorghum and cadaba farinosa crude extract both dry and wet milling was done with grinding mills mill stones or mortar and pestle depending on locality the product was then cooked into a thin free flowing gruel the various types of kunu were kunun zaki kunun gyada kunun akamu kunun tsamiya kunun baule kunun jiko amshau and kunun gayamba kunun zaki was the most commonly consumed production and consumption cut across all social classes of the society
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ANCAs anca are a group of autoantibodies that cause systemic V1 inflammation by binding to target antigens of neutrophils these autoantibodies can be found in SS from patients with SVR smallvessel vasculitis and they are considered as a biomarker for ancaassociated vasculitis aav a conventional screening test to detect anca in the SS is indirect immunofluorescence study and subsequently confirmed by enzymelinked immunosorbent CA a positive staining of anca can be classified into three main categories based on the staining patterns cytoplasmic perinuclear and atypical patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis gpa mostly have a positive cytoplasmic staining pattern canca whilst a perinuclear DP panca is more common in microscopic polyangiitis mpa and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis egpa patients atypical DP aanca is rarely seen in patients with systemic smallvessel vasculitis but it can be found in other conditions here techniques for anca PCD anca IF patterns and their clinical significances are reviewed
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previous work has demonstrated that inducible no synthase inos can be expressed in cardiac myocytes in this study we investigated transcriptional regulation of the inos gene in these cells lipopolysaccharide lps induced inos mrna and protein in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes h dexamethasone herbimycin genistein staurosporine or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pdtc att the inos induction by lps forskolin interleukin il tumor necrosis factor TNF or interferon ifngamma enhanced the lpsinduced inos expression combined stimulation of il and tnfalpha also induced inos the UP CS of the rat inos gene contains the nuclear factorkappa b nfkappa b site caat box GAS gas and ifn RII factor irf site dnase i footprinting CA revealed that the nuclear factors IB to these elements were increased by lps SE transient transfection assay suggested that these elements were indispensable for transcriptional regulation of the inos induction electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that lps or tnfalpha increased CBA for the nfkappa b site a slowermigrating complex binding to the caat box gave rise after SE to lps or forskolin competition assay suggested that this slowermigrating complex consisted of a heterodimer between a member of caat boxenhancer IB cebp protein family and camp responsive CREB protein creb lps or il increased IB complexes for the irf site which was compatible with induction of irf lps il or Th1 induced a novel IB complex for gas which also existed in the flanking region of the irf gene these data suggest that inos induction simultaneously requires both nfkappa b activation and irf induction and the heterodimer between cebp and creb has synergistic effects on the inos induction via the caat box
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eighteen couples were selected from a group of infertile couples for a special study about the reliability of the scmc test when compared with spermantibody titres in the cervical mucus and or seminal plasma and corticosteroides as treatment for immunologic infertility it can be demonstrated that there exists a reliability of the scmc test as an immunologic CA for sperm antibody activity in the semen and the cervical mucus
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thy is a well characterized glycoprotein known to be variably expressed on the surface of different cell types serological analysis of a limited number of teratocarcinomaderived cell lines suggested that mouse embryonal carcinoma cells do not express thy and that its expression is associated with the appearance of differentiated cells in this report we show that monoclonal antibody ag recognizing thy epitope binds specifically to p embryonal carcinoma cells and their undifferentiated subclones a number of control experiments confirmed that ag antibody binds to the thy glycoprotein expressed on the surface of p embryonal carcinoma cells and not to the antigen expressed on differentiated derivatives of these cells or to a crossreactive epitope transcriptional activity of the thy gene in undifferentiated p cells was shown by transfection experiments in which transfer of the thy gene into p cells resulted in stable expression of the thy antigen on the surface of recipient cells direct evidence for the presence of thy mrna in p cells was obtained by northern blot analysis with a thyspecific cdna probe treatment of p cells with retinoic acid resulted in a decrease in the expression of thy antigen which preceded changes in morphology of the cells these data indicate that thy is a developmentally regulated surface marker of p embryonal carcinoma cells which is amenable to direct genetic analysis
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the rice branching enzyme i bei overproduced in escherichia coli cells was investigated with respect to action on starches bei treatment decreased the turbidity of starch suspensions with distinct pasting behaviors from a native ST this result suggests the great potential of bei as a molecular tool for the production of a novel glucan CP
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to determine the effects of intravenous gl loading on basal oxygen consumption resting energy expenditure and basal carbon dioxide production in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who were still oxygen dependent we administered intravenous glucose loads of and mgkgmin on consecutive days under MZ exp conditions to six infants with BPD and six healthy control subjects infants were not fed for hours before and during the to hour study periods the intravenous gl infusion along with an amino acid mixture gmkg hr was started at the beginning of the fasting period oxygen consumption and VE/VCO2 and resting energy expenditure were measured by a flowthrough IC technique under basal conditions infants with oxygendependent BPD had significantly higher basal oxygen consumption and resting energy expenditure than did control infants and significantly higher basal VE/VCO2 during the high glucose infusion with gl loading infants with BPD had a significant rise in basal oxygen consumption mlkgmin to mlkgmin p less than basal VE/VCO2 mlkgmin to mlkgmin and resting energy expenditure kcalkg hr to kcalkg hr all p values less than control infants had no significant changes with intravenous gl loading we conclude that intravenous glucose loading in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia resulted in a net increase in resting SE expenditure which should be taken into account in assessing their energy intake during nutritional management the risk of pulmonary stress caused by an increase in basal oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production resulting from gl load should also be considered
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the aim of this study was to characterize the angiotensin ii receptors in isolated UA from non pregnant and pregnant rats since it has been reported from IB studies that ovine UA contain at receptors uterine arterial segments were obtained from virgin nonpregnant and late Pr days SDRs and mounted in small vessel myographs concentrationresponse curves were constructed to angiotensin ii nm microm in the absence and presence of various angiotensin ii receptor subtype selective EDC these included LOS at antagonist and nm pd at antagonist microm and cgp at agonist microm responses to angiotensin ii were measured as increases in force mn and expressed as a per cent of the response to a k ON solution losartan and nm caused significant concentrationdependent rightward shifts of the angiotensin ii concentrationresponse curve in UA from nonpregnant and Pr rats the pa values calculated from these data were and respectively although the slope of the schild plot in the nonpregnant group was less than unity pd microm caused significant and fold leftward shifts of the angiotensin ii concentrationresponse curve in UA from nonpregnant and Pr rats respectively in vessels from pregnant rats pd also significantly increased the maximum response to angiotensin ii cgp microm attenuated the response to angiotensin ii of UA from nonpregnant rats this was reflected by a fold rightward shift of the angiotensin ii CR curve and a decrease in the maximum response in uterine arteries from Pr rats cgp microm caused a fold rightward shift of the angiotensin ii concentrationresponse curve but had no effect on the maximum response pd microm and cgp microm had no effect on the CRCs to phenylephrine pe of UA from nonpregnant or Pr rats in addition cgp nm mm had no vasodilator effect on tissues precontracted with phenylephrine these results suggest that the contractile responses of the rat uterine i.a. are mediated by the at receptor furthermore in this V1 preparation the at receptor appears to inhibit the response mediated by the at receptor although this is not uniform between the nonpregnant and pregnant states
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our aims were to investigate first the relationship between gastric tone measured with a barostat and gastric emptying measured by radioscintigraphy with and without barostat and second to determine the effect of a symptomatic IGP increment on gastric emptying in HS we quantified simultaneously gastric tone emptying and perception at two different IGP levels mmhg low pressure or mmhg above intraabdominal pressure OHP at the low IGP level ingestion of the meal induced an additional expansion in i.g. volume of ml p which reflected a gastric accommodative relaxation at the high pressure level intragastric volume expanded further but neither low nor high pressure C2 had significant effects on solid emptying interestingly low and OHP C2 produced a similar modest but significant acceleration of liquid emptying and respectively however although the low pressure was largely unperceived score ns the high pressure level produced significant symptomatic perception score p vs low pressure we conclude that gastric accommodation to a meal prevents volumedependent wall tension increments and the stomach adapts to increments in postcibal i.g. pressure by a limited acceleration of liquid emptying but WS triggers a symptomatic alert mechanism
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in this brief review we describe the GA principles of the antigenicity of human tumor cells which can be recognized by t lymphocytes and particularly by cytolytic t lymphocytes this antigenicity of tumor cells lead to the development of therapeutic anticancer vaccines that should induce tumor regressions or prevent the development of metastases in the vaccinated patients we provide some information on a set of small scale PCTs that we have carried out with metastatic melanoma patients and which have provided encouraging though limited clinical results detailed immunological analyses with some of these vaccinated patients showed strong antitumor t cell responses and suggested that the main limiting factor for clinical efficacy is a phenomenon of resistance of the tumor to t lymphocyte attack current research projects aim at elucidating the mechanisms of this resistance and to develop new vaccination strategies that circumvent this roadblock
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the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not fully understood the objective of this study was to compare circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to age sex and cigarette smoking matched HCs patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease n and HCs n were matched by age sex and smoking status circulating HPCs cd or cd mononuclear cells and EC progenitor cells cdkdr or cdcdkdr mononuclear cells were quantified by flow cytometry endothelial cellcolony forming units from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified in vitro and phenotypic analysis carried out using immunocytochemistry patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had more circulating MNC cells compared with controls ± vs ± à cellsl p cd hematopoietic progenitor cells were reduced as a proportion of MNC cells in patients compared with controls ± vs ± p however there were no differences in the absolute number of cd cdkdr or cdcdkdr cells p for all EC cellcolony forming units were increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with controls ± vs ± colonies p in contrast to previous studies the number of circulating progenitor cells was not reduced in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with carefully matched controls it seems unlikely that circulating EC progenitor cells or failure of angiogenesis plays a CE role in the OD of emphysema
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in odense child cohort occ concentrations of the pesticide metabolites phenoxybenzoic acid pba TCP tcpy dichlorophenoxyacetic acid d and dialkyl phosphates daps were measured in urine samples collected in gestational week in up to women gestational length birth weight head and abdominal circumference were obtained from birth records and AGD agd was measured at age three month we did not find consistent doserelated associations between pesticide metabolite concentrations and birth outcomes or agd however females tended to have shorter ABD circumference with higher maternal pba concentrations β ci cm further a nonsignificant doserelated elongation of agd in females was seen for pba ptrend and diethyl phosphates ptrend in males SE to d in the second compared to the first tertile showed a statistically significant shorter agd β mm these findings may suggest a weak disturbance of sexhormone action
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advances in investigative research eg PET magnetic resonance imaging have made it possible to study putative migraine processes and better understand the pathophysiology of the disorder consequently the apparent opposing vascular and neuronal theories of migraine are now reconciled into a neurovascular hypothegos fissure may predispose to one during thoracoscopic surgery an azygos fissure causes important morphologic changes in the superior mediastinum and thereby poses a risk of massive bleeding during thoracoscopic procedures we report on a successful thoracoscopic procedure conducted in a patient with palmar hyperhidrosis and an azygos fissure and emphasize that the course of the thoracic sympathetic chain runs laterally along the base of the azygos fissure
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the orthoolefination of benzoic acids can be achieved effectively through rhodiumcatalyzed oxidative coupling with alkenes the carboxylic group is readily removable to allow orthoolefinationdecarboxylation in one pot αβunsaturated carboxylic acids such as methacrylic acid also undergo the olefination at the βposition under the rhodium catalysis the cineolefination of heteroarene carboxylic acids such as thiophenecarboxylic acid proceeds smoothly accompanied by decarboxylation to selectively produce the corresponding vinylheteroarene derivatives
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sugars as signalling molecules exert control on the transcription of many plant genes sugar signals also alter mrna and protein stability increased sucrose concentrations specifically repress translation of the sclass basic region leucine zipper bzip type transcription factor atbzipatb this sucroseinduced repression of translation sirt depends on translation of a highly conserved UP open reading frame uorf in the utr of the gene this conserved uorf is exclusively encoded in utrs of several plant sclass bzip transcription AF arabidopsis homologues of atbatbzip which harbour the conserved uorf also show sirt therefore sirt emerges as a GA sucrose translational control mechanism of a group of transcription factors sirt might be part of a sucrosespecific signalling pathway controlling expression of plant bzip transcription factor genes
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we report on a binuclear human oocyte that underwent maturation in vitro from germinal vesicle stage to metaphase ii following extrusion of two polar HB the oocyte was processed for cytogenetic analysis which revealed two separate haploid chromosome sets accompanied by the corresponding PB chromatin tentatively established karyotypes were x and xace respectively this condition could have resulted in a tripronuclear digynic zygote T3 monospermic fertilization
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nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose nfbc is produced by culturing a celluloseproducing bacterium gluconacetobacter intermedius nedo with rotation or agitation in medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose cmc despite a high yield and dispersibility in water the product immediately aggregates in organic solvents to broaden its applicability we prepared amphiphilic nfbc by culturing strain nedo in medium supplemented with hydroxyethylcellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose instead of cmc transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the resultant materials henfbc and hpnfbc respectively comprised relatively uniform fibers with diameters of ± and ± nm respectively hpnfbc was dispersible in polar organic solvents such as methanol acetone isopropyl alcohol acetonitrile tetrahydrofuran thf and dimethylformamide and was also dispersible in polymethyl methacrylate pmma by solvent mixing using thf hpnfbcpmma composite films were highly transparent and had a higher tensile strength than neat pmma film thus hpnfbc has a broad range of applications including as a filler material
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ris was compared with antipsychotics hitherto used for in vitro receptor IB using animal BB or cloned human receptors and in vivo receptor occupancy in rat and guinea pig BB following acute treatment both in vitro and in vivo risperidone ohrisperidone sm CLZ and clocapramine showed higher affinity for hta than for dreceptors whereas mosapramine haloperidol bromperidol and nemonapride had a slight to strong preference for d compared to htareceptors in vivo ris showed the highest potency for htareceptor occupancy to obtain the same extent of dreceptor occupancy a times higher dosage was required ohrisperidone the principal AS metabolite of risperidone showed a receptor occupancy profile comparable to that of ris no regional selectivity for dreceptor occupancy in mesolimbic vs nigrostriatal areas was detected for any of the EDC ris differed from the other EDC by the remarkably shallow Mw of its dreceptor doseoccupancy curve a greater predominance of htareceptor vs dreceptor occupancy and a more gradual occupancy of dreceptors differentiate ris from the other compounds both properties probably assist in preventing an extensive blockade of dreceptors the cause for extrapyramidal symptoms eps the predominant htareceptor occupancy most likely underlies risperidones beneficial effects on the negative PS of schizophrenia and an adequately low dreceptor occupancy adds to the treatment of positive PS with a low liability of eps
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this review considers the effect of sleep on seizures and interictal electroencephalogram eeg paroxysmal activities pas as classified by the international league against epilepsy criteria no type of seizure is per se specifically linked with nonrapid EM nrem or rapid EM rem sleep however in some syndromes seizures are more frequent in slow wave sleep sws partial motor or generalized seizure in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes bects FC seizures in idiopathic familial or not familial frontal lobe epilepsy and generalized tonic seizure in AA SGE are increased by sws conversely myoclonia and grand mal seizures are associated with awakening in some forms of generalized IE there is a mean increase in pas during sws in generalized and in partial epilepsies on the whole however precise analysis shows that in partial cryptogenic or symptomatic epilepsy and most likely in the majority of generalized idiopathic epileptic syndromes about of patients have an increase in pa density during sws experience an increase in waking have very few pas and in there is no significant difference between sleep and waking bects however exhibits a definite increase in sleep pa increase and in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy an increase in pas during the intranight awakening is reported there are at least three syndromes which cause a huge increase in pas during sleep the landaukleffner syndrome and the syndromes of continuous focal or generalized spikewaves during sws their physiopathology and neuropsychological consequences are discussed neurophysiological animal data are also reported highlighting the relationships between slow sleep oscillations and the generation of spike waves a biochemical review is also presented
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decapping is a CE step in eukaryotic mrna turnover recent studies have identified several factors involved in catalysis and regulation of decapping these include the following an mrna decapping complex containing the proteins dcp and dcp a nucleolar decapping enzyme x involved in the Kd of u snorna and perhaps of other capped nuclear rnas and a decapping scavenger enzyme dcps that hydrolyzes the cap structure resulting from CR to Kd of mrnas by the exosome several proteins that stimulate mrna decapping by the dcpdcp complex colocalize with dcp and dcp together with xrn a to exonuclease to structures in the cytoplasm called processing bodies recent evidence suggests that the processing bodies may constitute specialized cellular compartments of mrna turnover which suggests that mrna and protein localization may be integral to mrna decay
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in a preliminary T0 we compared by means of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging mri methods the t values and the decay characteristics of chronic brain lesions the t values of normalappearing frontal white matter nawm and BB lesion volumes in patients with benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis ms in order to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the development of disability eleven CDMS patients with either benign ms n or secondary progressive ms n were studied fiftytwo chronic lesions identified by comparison with mri scans obtained at least months previously were identified the mean t of C1 lesions crosssectional area greater than mm and of the nawm was similar in both clinical CG however small lesions had higher mean t values p in the benign group probably at least in part because of partial volume effects analysis of large lesions revealed biexponential t relaxation in of secondary progressive and in of benign lesions perhaps indicating a greater degree of axonal loss in C1 lesions of patients with AA progressive ms patients with AA progressive ms had higher although not significant total and infratentorial lesion loads than those of the benign group these preliminary findings suggest but do not establish that variations in the extent site and pathological nature of lesions may all contribute to different patterns of disease evolution in ms
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thorough evaluation of all structures that might contribute support to a prosthesis must certainly include NK teeth since their number location in the arch individual position mobility vitality crowntoroot ratio root size and shape susceptability to caries and pathologie involvement one of the most important observations affecting treatment planning involves the condition of the occlusal plane of the remaining natural teeth the use of periodontally weakened teeth as abutments is often debated but the prognosis of periodontal therapy and thus the possibility of using periodontally diseased teeth for prosthesis include the extention of the disease involvement duration and progression causative factors including occlusal bone level pocketdept and furcation involvement and attitude cooperation and determination to provide HC the OD and the maintenance of bacterial plaque on the teeth is considered as a primary factor that causes inflammation and effects the biological future of fixed prosthesis
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the present paper reports experimental results on the removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide from simulated flue gas using a copper oxide coated on alumina sorbentcatalyst prepared by the solgel method selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia over solgel derived cuogammaalo sorbentscatalysts with different degrees of sulfation was studied in a fixedbed packed reactor the optimum temperature for no reduction was found at degrees c for both fresh and sulfated catalysts the properties for simultaneous removal of so and no by the solgelderived cuogammaalo sorbents were studied using simulated dry flue gas the optimum operating temperature for the combined desodeno operations was identified at degrees c at the space velocity of h and degrees c a fixedbed reactor packed with the wt cuogammaalo sorbent prepared by the solgel method offers so sorption capacity of mmol g and no conversion of with a dry simulated flue gas as the feed under these exp conditions the solgel derived sorbentscatalysts have comparable efficiency for removal of so and nox as their commercial counterparts the significantly higher crush strength of the solgel derived sorbentscatalysts make them very promising for their use in the copper oxide process for combined removal of so and nox from flue gas in a single unit T0
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the effect of cycloleugly on uh induced pharmacological actions was determined in male SDRs intraperitoneal ip administration of uh to rats produced analgesia tailflick and increased urinary output cyclo leugly mgkg sc antagonized the analgesic response to uh mgkg ip a dose of mgkg ip of uh increased the spontaneous urinary output which was antagonized by cyclo leugly mgkg sc to determine whether cyclo leugly was acting as a kappaopioid receptor antagonist the effect of cyclo leugly on the IB of hethylketocyclazocine ekc to membranes of rat CBF cortex and spinal cord was determined the ic values of cycloleugly in displacing hekc from its binding sites in cortex and spinal cord were and mm respectively chronic administration of uh mgkg ip bid for days induced tolerance to its analgesic effect the latter was not affected by cycloleugly to mgkg sc given once a day for days it is concluded that cycloleugly antagonizes acute actions of uh and that such effects of cycloleugly are not mediated via a direct action on kappaopioid receptors
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hospitalbased emergency departments eds given their high cost and L1 role in allocating care resources are at the center of the debate about how to maximize value in delivering health care in the united states to operate effectively and create value eds must be flexible having the ability to rapidly adapt to the highly variable needs of patients the concept of flexibility has not been well described in the ed literature we introduce the concept outline its potential benefits and provide some illustrative examples to facilitate incorporating flexibility into ed management we draw on operations research and organizational theory to identify and describe forms of flexibility physical human resource volume behavioral and conceptual each form of flexibility may be useful individually or in combination with other forms in improving ed performance and enhancing value we also offer suggestions for measuring operational flexibility in the ed a better understanding of operational flexibility and its application to the ed may help us move away from reactive approaches of managing VL demand to a more systematic RPA we also address the tension between cost and flexibility and outline how partial flexibility may help resolve some challenges applying concepts of flexibility from other disciplines may help clinicians and administrators think differently about their workflow and provide new insights into managing issues of cost flow and SQ in the ed
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a rapid CS and selective method was developed for the simultaneous determination of pyrimethamine and mefloquine two of the active ingredients of fansimef in HP the procedure involved extraction of the EDC and the internal standard nitrazepam from basified plasma with dichloromethane and chromatography on a c column microbondapak x mm id with acetonitrilephosphate buffer as the mobile phase and uv detection at nm the limit of quantification was ngml for both substances using a ml plasma specimen the mean interassay precision was for pyrimethamine and for mefloquine up to ngml the practicability of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of more than plasma samples from several pharmacokinetic studies involving singledose administration of fansimef to both patients and volunteers
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a group of rats was TR to press levers for electrical stimulation from bipolar electrodes aimed at the lateral hypothalamus lh and another group was TR to selfstimulate from electrodes in the LC lc all rats in both groups were subjected to unilateral injections of hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra and midbrain ventral tegmentum the lesions produced profound depletions of dopamine from the ipsilateral FC SC nucleus accumbensolfactory tubercle and CS pretreatment with desmethylimipramine prevented loss of noradrenaline in excess of that caused by electrode implantation the destruction of the dopamine projections produced a persistent and pronounced deficit in intracranial SS from ipsilateral electrodes in both the lh and lc CG but only transient effects on selfstimulation from contralateral electrodes at these sites these results suggest that an IN dopamine system is required for the expression of SS behaviour
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the candida albicans als agglutininlike sequence family includes eight genes als to als and als that share a common GA organization consisting of a relatively conserved domain a central domain of tandemly repeated CS units and a domain of relatively variable length and CS to test the hypothesis that the cellsurface glycoproteins encoded by the als genes mediate contact between the fungal cell and host surfaces a set of c albicans mutant strains was systematically constructed each lacking one of the als sequences phenotypes of the mutant strains were evaluated primarily using adhesion assays als is unique within the als family due to extensive allelic CS variation within the domain that may result in PET differences between proteins encoded by als and als deletion of als significantly reduces c albicans adhesion to human vascular endothelial cell monolayers the mutation was complemented by reintegration of a wildtype copy of als but not als suggesting allelic functional differences complementation of the mutation with a gene F0 between the domain of als and the tandem repeats and domain of als also restored wildtype adhesion levels analysis of the alsdeltaalsdelta mutant phenotype in other assays demonstrated no significant difference from a control strain for adhesion to buccal epithelial cells or laminincoated plastic plates the alsdeltaalsdelta mutant did not show significant differences from the control for adhesion to or destruction of cells in the reconstituted human epithelium rhe disease MM or for cellwall defects germtube formation or biofilm formation in a catheter model analysis of als allelic frequency in a collection of geographically diverse clinical isolates showed a distinct preference for als allelic sequences within both the and the domain of the als coding region these data suggest greater selective pressure to maintain the als allele in c albicans isolates and imply its greater relative importance in hostpathogen interactions
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the relationship between cell expansion and cell cycling during somatic embryogenesis was studied in cultured bentcotyledonstage zygotic embryos of a transgenic stock of arabidopsis thaliana harboring a cyclin atβglucuronidase gus reporter gene construct in embryos cultured in a medium containing dichlorophenoxyacetic acid d following a brief period of growth by cell expansion divisions were initiated in the procambial cells facing the adaxial side at the base of the cotyledons cell division activity later spread to almost the entire length of the cotyledons to form a callus on which globular and heartshaped embryos appeared in about d after culture anatomical and morphogenetic changes observed in cultured embryos were correlated with patterns of cell cycling by histochemical detection of gusexpressing cells although earlystage somatic embryos did not develop further during their continued growth in the auxincontaining medium maturation of embryos ensued upon their transfer to an auxinfree medium in a small number of cultured zygotic embryos the shoot apical meristem was found to differentiate a leaf a green tubular structure or a somatic embryo contrary to the results from previous investigations which have assigned a major role for the shoot apical meristem and cells in the axils of cotyledons in the development of somatic embryos on cultured zygotic embryos of a thaliana the present work shows that somatic embryos originate almost exclusively on the callus formed on the cotyledons other observations such as the induction of somatic embryos on cultured cotyledons and the inability of the embryo axis consisting of the root hypocotyl and SAM without the cotyledons to form somatic embryos reaffirm the important role of the cotyledons in somatic embryogenesis in this plant
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to identify nuclear functions required for cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis in yeast recessive nuclear mutants that are deficient in cytochrome c oxidase were characterized in complementation studies independently isolated mutants were placed into complementation CG analysis of the content of cytochrome c oxidase subunits in each mutant permitted the definition of three phenotypic classes one class contains three complementation groups whose strains carry mutations in the cox coxa or cox genes these genes encode subunits iv va and viia of cytochrome c oxidase respectively mutations in each of these structural genes appear to affect the levels of the other eight subunits albeit in different ways a second class contains nuclear mutants that are defective in synthesis of a specific mitochondrialencoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit i ii or iii or in both cytochrome c oxidase subunit i and apocytochrome b these mutants fall into complementation groups the third class is represented by mutants in complementation groups these strains contain near normal amounts of all cytochrome c oxidase subunits examined and therefore are likely to be defective at some step in holoenzyme assembly the large number of complementation CG represented by the second and third phenotypic classes suggest that both the expression of the structural genes encoding the nine polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and the assembly of these subunits into a PET holoenzyme require the products of many nuclear genes
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plasma norepinephrine ne and dopamine betahydroxylase dbh levels were measured during the first days T3 HI in patients blood pressure pulse temperature and glasgow coma score gcs were recorded at the time of sampling for each patient and the relationships of these to ne and dbh were examined in patients with multiple trauma ne levels were usually elevated regardless of the gcs in patients with head injury alone however ne was proportional to gcs alert patients after a brief loss of consciousness gcs had normal ne levels those in coma had C2 as high as times normal blood pressure PP and temperature were found to be elevated proportionally to elevations in plasma ne in patients with HI the finding of elevated plasma ne in patients with SHI raises the possibility of adverse effects of sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with severe head injury including hypermetabolism cardiovascular abnormalities and direct effects of CAs on the damaged CNS system
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the overall survival for patients with advanced papillary renal carcinoma rcc is still limited although multikinase inhibitors have recently been developed for clear cell carcinoma response rates in other histology nonclear cell rcc are poor and patients often face doselimiting toxicities which lead to a reduction in prognosis and treatment success we present a patient with hereditary leiomyomatosis and rcc hlrcc showing a sustained response for more than months to gemcitabinebevacizumab therapy after failure IMT kinase inhibitors tkis and mammalian target of rapamycin mtor therapies
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the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence rate ir trend and histotype of the differentiated thyroid cancer in the selected areas with varying ID the study was carried out in three Az krakow carpathian endemic goiter area with million mixed rural and urban population gliwice upper silesiamoderate iodine deficiency area mostly industrial with million inhabitants and olsztyn slight iodine deficiency area mainly rural with million inhabitants between and in the study area newly diagnosed cases of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland were registered in over of patients it was DTC mainly in women over years with fm ratio the highest percentage of papillary cancer was observed in olsztyn and lowestin krakow and nowy sacz districts in this period of time incidence rate of DTC in women increased in kraków gliwice and olsztyn from to in to in and from to in respectively in the youngest years age group no significant increase of ir was observed between and the dynamics of increase of the TC incidence markedly diminished in conclusion it was hypothesised that an increase in ir of differentiated thyroid cancer in the T0 area was caused mainly by the suspension of iodine prophylaxis in and was diminished by the introduction of an obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis in it was modified in terms of histotype and dynamics of increase by exposure to ionizing radiation a very TPS group at risk on the population level were women aged years in the reproductive age exposed to iodine deficiency T3 suspension of iodine prophylaxis in and to radiation after the chernobyl accident in
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edible cellulosic films made with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose hpmc have proven to be inadequate moisture barriers to improve its water vapor barrier properties different hydrophobic EDC were incorporated into the hpmc matrix some fatty acids and derivatives were included into the filmforming solution prior to film formation stearic acid was chosen because of its high capacity to reduce significantly the water vapor transmission rate antimicrobial activity of edible hpmc film was obtained by the incorporation of nisin into the filmforming solution nisin is an AMP effective against GP bacteria the LIA of this bacteriocin was tested for inhibition of listeria innocua and staphylococcus aureus the use of stearic acid was observed to reduce the GABA activity of active hpmc film against both selected strains this phenomenon may be explained by electrostatic interactions between the cationic nisin and the anionic stearic acid further studies showed that antimicrobial activity of film varied with the nature of the hydrophobic compound incorporated in decreasing order film without lipid methylstearate cleosomal dna fragmentation all of which occurred in a time and concentrationdependent manner hcy treatment also significantly increased intracellular ROS species ho which coincided with the beta of ICE proenzyme C2 and increased caspase activity at the time of the appearance of apoptotic dna fragmentation preincubation of hcytreated hl cells with catalase CR scavenged intracellular ho thus inhibiting caspase activity and protecting cells from apoptotic dna damage in contrast superoxide dismutase failed to inhibit hcyinduced dna damage taken together these results demonstrate that hcy exerted its genotoxic effects on hl cells through an apoptotic pathway which is mediated by the activation of ICE activity induced by an increase in intracellular hydrogen peroxide
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crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines that is characterized by multiple episodes of exacerbation and remission although barium studies and endoscopy remain the most valuable tools for assessment of mucosal and luminal changes US has proved to be a safe and noninvasive modality for characterization of mural and perienteric changes ultrasonography us can accurately demonstrate the classic features of crohn disease as well as the complications frequently associated with the disease the addition of color doppler imaging may allow differentiation of chronic from active bowel wall thickening in expert hands us appears to be a CS modality for preliminary investigation of patients with symptomatic crohn disease us can also be used to assess the response to treatment and to detect postoperative recurrence finally us enables accurate selection of patients in whom the possibility of surgery or percutaneous MI would justify other means of investigation particularly computed tomography
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the effects upon weight gain FI carcass composition and weight of PIT adrenals and testes of male rats subjected to three environmental temperatures t degrees degrees and degrees five diet dilution rates d and and five daily treadmill running periods e T2 minutes T2 T2 and minutes were studied by multiple regression techniques equations describing regression surfaces could contain significant linear andor quadratic coefficients of the independent variables t d and e and their first order interactions body weight attained was reduced by increased d and t total food intake increased linearly with increases in d but this increase was smaller for the rats in the higher environmental temperature since there was a significant dt interaction total food intake was decreased by increases in t the intake of food minus diluent was maintained until d attained a value of beyond this point the rats at all three temperatures failed to maintain digestible energy intake the data strongly suggested that the energy intake was not limited by the gastrointestinal tract capacity e did not significantly affect food intake significant regression coefficients were found for the dependent variables of body dry matter nitrogen ash EE and SE and of the weight of depot fat pads adrenals and testes as follows for d there was no linear coefficient for body nitrogen all remaining linear coefficients were negative except for body ash the only quadratic coefficients both positive were for adrenal and testes weights for e all linear coeffcients were negative except those for body nitrogen body ash and adrenal weight there were not quadratic coefficients for body nitrogen body ash adrenal weight and testes weight the remaining quadratic coefficients were all positive for t there was no quadratic coefficient for body SE the remaining linear coefficients were positive except those for fat deposit size body ether extract and adrenal weight the remaining quadratic coefficients were negative except those for fat deposit size body EE and adrenal weight for the de interaction no coefficients were significant for the dt interaction there were no significant coefficients for body nitrogen fat depot size or adrenal weight the remaining coefficients were positive except for body ash for the et interaction the only significant coefficients were negative ones for body ether extract and body energy and a positive one for testes weight
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dysregulated ACh neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia particularly NS and cognitive deficits the aim of the present T0 was to evaluate the role of neocortical cholinergic innervation and of the nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor antagonist phencyclidine pcp on social interaction and novel object recognition nor a declarative SM task the cholinergic corticopetal projection was lesioned by local infusion of the immunotoxin iggsaporin into nucleus basalis magnocellularis of adult male lister hooded rats SMB was assessed weeks later in a social interaction paradigm followed by the nor task we found that selective cholinergic denervation of neocortex led to a significant reduction in duration of social interaction specifically AS social interaction acute administration of pcp mgkg sc caused a marked decrease of AS social interaction such that there was no longer a difference between intact and denervated animals neither ACh denervation CT nor pcp mgkg sc CT blocked the ability of rats to recognize a novel object however when animals lacking cortical ACh innervation were challenged by pcp they were no longer able to recognize a novel object this study indicates that rats lacking ACh innervation of neocortex have impaired social interaction and specifically that the duration of active contact is shortened animals with severe cortical ACh hypofunction maintain the ability to perform in a declarative memory test although the task is carried out less intensively however a provocation of psychosislike behavior by a dose of pcp that does not by itself impair performance in normal animals will abolish the ability to recognize novel objects in animals lacking cortical ACh innervation the present findings support a possible role for cortical ACh hypofunction in the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and the potential for cholinergic augmentation as part of the pharmacological profile of APDs
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transient hyperinsulinaemia is a wellknown cause of hypoglycaemia in P0 infants the hypoglycaemia may be caused by a decreased gl production andor an increased gl uptake whether the increased uptake is caused by increased gl oxidation or increased nonoxidative disposal is not known the aim of this T0 was to investigate the fate of the large amount of gl infused in a term infant who developed hypoglycaemia due to transient hyperinsuln the present investigation we examined the role of trophoblast and PE cells in the synthesis of carbohydratecontaining components of reicherts membrane to eliminate the CF of reicherts membrane as a filter between maternal and embryonal tissues we carried out our examination under in vitro conditions parietal yolk sac from mouse embryos on day pc pc were cultivated for to days because TA enables a complex formation between carbohydrates and osmium we chose the fixation with this acid for the ultrastructural T0 electron microscopy showed that for assembly of reicherts membrane trophoblast cells produce and then PR components that were detected as tannic acidpositive granules both in the reicherts membrane and in the vacuoles of the trophoblast cells to localize specific carbohydrates we used postembeddinggoldlectin histochemistry on lrgoldrembedded tissues strong IB sites for the lectins wga triticum vulgare rca i ricinus communis and con a canavalia ensiformis were observed in reicherts membrane and trophoblast cells but not in the PE cells the lta lotus tetragonolobusbinding DP was positive in the membrane and its adjacent cells but that of the lfa limax flavus was negative in the PE cells and very weak in reicherts membrane and trophoblast cells our results demonstrate that trophoblast cells are involved in the construction of reicherts membrane through the production and PR of TPS glycoconjugates
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in this paper we propose a novel contourseed pairs learningbased framework for robust and automated cellnucleus segmentation automated granular object segmentation in microscopy images has significant clinical importance for pathology grading of the cell carcinoma and gene expression the focus of the past literature is dominated by either segmenting a certain type of cellsnuclei or simply splitting the clustered objects without contours inference of them our method addresses these issues by formulating the PCD and segmentation tasks in terms of a unified regression problem where a cascade sparse regression chain model is trained and then applied to return object locations and entire boundaries of clustered objects in particular we first learn a set of online convolutional features in each SL then in the proposed cascade sparse regression chain with the input from the learned features we iteratively update the locations and clustered object boundaries until convergence in this way the boundary evidences of each individual object can be easily delineated and be further fed to a CR contour inference procedure optimized by the minimum description length principle for any probe image our method enables to analyze freelying and overlapping cells with complex shapes experimental results show that the proposed method is very generic and performs well on contour inferences of various cellnucleus types compared with the current segmentation techniques our approach achieves stateoftheart performances on four challenging datasets ie the kidney renal cell carcinoma histopathology dataset drosophila kc cellular dataset differential interference contrast red blood cell dataset and C2 cytology dataset
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FL base analogues in dna are versatile probes of nucleic acidnucleic acid and nucleic acidprotein interactions new peptide nucleic acid pna based probes are described in which the intercalator dye thiazole orange to serves as a base surrogate the investigation of six to derivatives revealed that the linker length and the conjugation site decided whether a base surrogate conveys sequenceselective dna IB and whether fluorescence is increased or decreased upon singlemismatched hybridization one to derivative conferred universal pnadna base pairing while maintaining duplex stability and hybridization selectivity to fluorescence increased up to fold upon hybridization in contrast to most other probes in which fluorescence is invariant once hybridization had occurred the emission of tocontaining pna probes is att when forced to intercalate next to a mismatched base pair the specificity of dna PCD is therefore not limited by the selectivity of probetarget IB and a dna target can be distinguished from its singlebase mutant under nonstringent hybridization conditions this property should be of advantage for RT QPCR and nucleic acid detection within living cells
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small iontophoretic ejections of horseradish peroxidase hrp were made from recordingmultibarrel micropipette assemblies in areas of the cats SG sgn that contained visually responsive neurones the sources of afferents of the sgn were determined by locating the labeled cell bodies of neurones that were presumed to send their axons to the area of the sgn containing the lightsensitive cells the greatest concentration of labeled cell bodies was found in the granular insular SC and the adjacent area of agranular insula most cells projecting to sgn from these Az were distributed in the middle and lower laminae a second intensely labeled region was found in SO and stratum griseum intermediate of the superior colliculus other Az containing labeled cells that were distributed with intermediate density included the ventral thalamic nuclear complex basal medial and lateral divisions periaqueductal gray pag zona incerta and pretectal nuclei posterior medial and anterior divisions sparsely labeled CS included the fields of forel substantia nigra pars reticulata periinsular SC superior colliculus profundum lateral suprasylvian cortex posterolateral lateral suprasylvian plls and PMLS pmls anterior ectosylvian SC thalamic reticular complex nucleus of the OT basal part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and the pontine RE oralis and adjacent Rt formation together with previous electrophysiological and neuroanatomical studies the findings suggest that the sgn provides an integrating link between limbic structures and certain modalities of sensory information
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neurally adjusted ventilatory assist nava delivers airway pressure paw in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm eadi using an adjustable proportionality constant nava level cm·hoμv during systematic increases in the nava C2 and labelfree quantitation the proteomics analysis revealed novel changes in the ecm of aaa including increased expression as well as Kd of collagen xii thrombospondin aortic carboxypeptidaselike protein periostin fibronectin and tenascin proteomics also confirmed the accumulation of macrophage metalloelastase mmp incubation of control aortic tissue with recombinant mmp resulted in the extensive fragmentation of these glycoproteins most of which are novel substrates of mmp in conclusion our proteomics methodology allowed the first detailed analysis of the ecm in aaa and identified markers of pathological ecm CR related to mmp activity
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the MMPs mmp are proteolytic enzymes that are essentially involved in the turnover of the EM ecm their activity is counterbalanced by TPS antagonists the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases timp in this study we sought to analyze the expression of mmp and timp isoforms in pleural effusions from patients we compared mmp and timp isoform expression in transudates n and exudates n the latter divided into exudates of paraneoplastic n or parainfectious n origin zymographic and western blot analyses revealed constant expression of interstitial MMP-8 mmp gelatinasea mmp and timp in all samples in contrast analyses of gelatinaseb mmp demonstrated a TPS expression DP with high expression in exudates and lack of expression in transudates neutrophil collagenase mmp was detected in trace amounts and correlated with the number of neutrophils in the effusion low levels of timp were detected only in exudates and not in transudates quantitative analysis of the expression ratio of gelatinaseb to gelatinasea revealed statistically significant differences between effusions of different origin the ratio was highest in exudates of paraneoplastic origin and lowest in transudates our data thus suggest that interstitial collagenase gelatinasea and timp play a role in homeostasis of the pleural space in vivo as constitutively expressed proteins whereas gelatinaseb and timp expression are induced in specific disease states these observations contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of pleural effusions and may help to characterize and possibly distinguish effusions of different origin
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we study the influence of the carrier i.t. efficiency on the performance of lightemitting electrochemical cells lecs based on a holepreferred transporting cationic transition metal complex ctmc irdfppzdtbbpypf complex and an electronpreferred transporting ctmc irppydasbpf complex where dfppz is difluorophenyl pyrazole dtbbpy is ditertbutylbipyridine ppy is phenylpyridine and dasb is diazaspirobifluorene experimental results show that even with electrochemically doped layers the ohmic contacts for carrier i.t. could be formed only when the carrier i.t. barriers were relatively low thus adding carrier injection layers in lecs with relatively high carrier i.t. barriers would affect carrier balance and thus would result in altered device efficiency comparison of the device characteristics of lecs based on complex and in various device structures suggests that the carrier i.t. efficiency of ctmcbased lecs should be modified according to the carrier transporting characteristics of ctmcs to optimize device efficiency holepreferred transporting ctmcs should be combined with an lec structure with a relatively high electron injection efficiency while a relatively high hole injection efficiency would be required for lecs based on electronpreferred transporting ctmcs since the tailored carrier injection efficiency compensates for the unbalanced carrier transporting properties of the emissive layer the carrier recombination zone would be located near the center of the emissive layer and exciton quenching near the electrodes would be significantly mitigated rendering an improved device efficiency approaching the upper limit expected from the photoluminescence quantum yield of the emissive lays were recorded every two weeks bone quality traits were evaluated at the end of experiment withania somnifera supplementation increased egg production and lowered egg weight only in the second two weeks of the experiment addition of phytase significantly depressed specific gravity of the eggs for the entire experiment period no dietary treatment effects were observed on egg shell thickness and yolk weight WS at mgkg did not affect feed intake the hens fed on the positive control diet had higher albumen weight than the negative control diet in the second twoweek period supplementation of the positive control diet with mgkg WS in the absence of phytase significantly improved shell weight compared with the negative control · vs · g respectively supplementing withania somnifera significantly improved ca and p PR in tibia bone in addition an increase in tibia bone p was observed with phytase supplementation there were significant interactions between WS content and phytase for tibia bone ca and p the results of this experiment indicated that dietary withania somnifera has beneficial effects on tibia bone ca and p content and phytase improved tibia bone p retention without adverse effects on productive performance
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in this T0 CBF oxygenation was measured using the niro and the invos spectrophotometers in healthy adult volunteers exposed to varying degrees of hyperoxia and hypoxia the results showed similar baseline values for tissue oxygenation index and regional CBF oxygen saturation with mean sd values being and respectively the overall bias was with the invos underreading CBF oxygenation compared to the niro with limits of PA of both monitors demonstrated similar changes in response to hyperoxia and hypocapnia coefficient of variance for fio fio hypocapnia the reasons for the bias and variability may relate to differences in the methodological approaches of the two monitors the rho between the monitors in response to changes in cerebral oxygenation implies that they may be useful as trend monitors in clinical practice
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enhancing the quantity and SQ of cancellous bone with anabolic pharmacologic agents may lead to more successful outcomes of noncemented joint replacements using a novel rb MM of cancellous bone loading we examined two TPS questions regarding bone formation at the boneimplant interface does the administration of intermittent pth a potent anabolic agent and mechanical loading individually and combined enhance the periimplant cancellous BV/TV and does surgical trauma enhance the anabolic effect of pth on periimplant BV/TV fraction in this MM pth enhanced periimplant bone volume fraction by in loaded bone while mechanical loading CT increased bone volume fraction modestly combined mechanical loading and pth treatment had no synergistic effect on any cancellous parameters however a strong combined effect was found in bone volume fraction with combined surgery and pth treatment compared to IN control limbs adaptive changes in the cancellous bone tissue included increased ultimate AS and enhanced CR activity the number of proliferative osteoblasts increased as did their expression of procollagen and pth receptor and the number of trap positive osteoclasts also increased in summary both loading and intermittent pth treatment enhanced periimplant BV/TV and surgery and pth treatment had a strong combined effect this finding is of clinical importance since enhancing early osseointegration in the postsurgical period has numerous potential benefits
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rate responsive cardiac pacemakers adapting their pacing frequency according to physical effort are able to solve not only a bradycardia but a chronotropic incompetence too rate responsive pulse generators implanted in in our center simulated the physiological conditions and in this way they significantly improved both working capacity in bicycle AS test p and wellbeing in comparison with ordinary demand pacers the incidence of complications did not exceed that in simple common pacemakers but the rate adaptive ones were expensive and their programming was time consuming in all three rate adaptive principles used their nonspecific response revealed some imperfection of sensor driven devices in addition both in qt and in respiratory dependent systems their pretty proportional frequency response was delayed while the irregular pacing rate in body activity sensor was not very proportionate to the PCS exercise the nonspecific sensor response may be reduced by a combination of biologic sensors
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CAMs of the immunoglobulin ig superfamily represent the biggest group of CAMs they have been analyzed since approximately years ago and most of them have been shown to play a role in tumor progression and in the nervous system all members of the ig superfamily are intensively posttranslationally modified however many aspects of their cellular functions are not yet known since a few years ago it is known that some of the ig superfamily members are modified by ubiquitin ubiquitination has classically been described as a proteasomal Kd signal but during the last years it became obvious that it can regulate many other processes including internalization of cell surface molecules and lysosomal sorting the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the ubiquitination of cell adhesion molecules of the ig superfamily and to discuss its potential physiological roles in tumorigenesis and in the nervous system
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to develop a rb model of acanthamoeba keratitis ak as the best method to reproduce the NK course of this disease
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microscopic ileitis has been infrequently reported in the literature with the few reported cases usually associated with concurrent microscopic colitis having encountered a case of collagenous ileitis involving the diverted distal limb of a loop ileostomy and sparing the proximal limb we examined additional cases of loop ileostomy end ileostomy colostomy and the accompanying diverted colorectal segment for features of microscopic ileitis and colitis a total of cases of diverted and nondiverted enteric segments were examined from loop ileostomies end ileostomies and colostomies status posthartmanns procedure the patients clinical histories including demographics and risk factors for microscopic colitis were obtained from electronic medical records the index case and an additional case showed collagenous ileitis the former in the diverted distal limb and the latter in the nondiverted PT limb of the loop ileostomy the latter was associated with high ileostomy SO with watery diarrhea two additional cases showed lymphocytic ileitis one in the nondiverted proximal limb of loop ileostomy and the other in the end ileostomy all patients had one or more risk AF for microscopic colitis the etiology of microscopic ileitis seems to be multifactorial and microscopic ileitis may be underdiagnosed the diverted enteric segment may be involved by microscopic enteritis suggesting that additional AF other than fecal stasis and altered bacterial flora may be contributing to its pathogenesis when microscopic ileitis is encountered identifying associated risk AF recognizing incipient clinical symptoms of microscopic colitis and considering other associated diseases or conditions are warranted
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shbbeta has been shown to bind via its sh src homology domain to tyrosylphosphorylated jak and strongly activate jak in this study we demonstrate the existence of an additional IB sites for jak within the nterminal region of shbbeta amino acids to and the ability of this region of shb to inhibit jak four lines of evidence support the existence of this additional binding CS in a glutathione stransferase pulldown assay wildtype shbbeta and shbbetare with a defective sh domain bind to both tyrosylphosphorylated jak from growth hormone ghtreated cells and nontyrosylphosphorylated jak from control cells whereas the sh domain of shbbeta binds only to tyrosylphosphorylated jak from ghtreated cells similarly jak is present in alphashb immunoprecipitates in the absence and presence of gh with gh substantially increasing the coprecipitation of jak with shb when coexpressed in cos cells shbbeta coimmunoprecipitates not only wildtype tyrosylphosphorylated jak but also kinaseinactive nontyrosylphosphorylated jakke although to a lesser extent deltac amino acids to of shbbeta that lacks most of the sh domain binds similarly to wildtype jak and kinaseinactive jakke experiments using a series of n and cterminally truncated shbbeta constructs indicate that the pleckstrin homology ph domain amino acids to and amino acids to are necessary for Bmax of shbbeta to inactive jak but neither region CT is sufficient for maximal binding the sh domain of shbbeta is necessary and sufficient for the stimulatory effect of shbbeta on jak and jakmediated tyrosyl phosphorylation of statb in contrast deltac lacking the sh domain and to a lesser extent the ph domain alone inhibits jak deltac also blocks jakmediated tyrosyl phosphorylation of statb in cos cells and ghstimulated nuclear accumulation of statb in tfa cells these data indicate that in addition to the sh domain shbbeta has one or more loweraffinity binding CS for jak within amino acids to the interaction via this CS in shb with inactive jak seems likely to increase the local concentration of shbbeta around jak thereby facilitating IB of the sh domain to ligandactivated jak this would result in a more rapid and robust cellular response to hormones and cytokines that activate jak this interaction between inactive jak and shb may also help prevent abnormal activation of jak
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incorrect selection of the flexionextension axis of the elbow may be an important cause of failure following total elbow arthroplasty axis selection can be improved by locating it on a preoperative image and registering the image to the subject intraoperatively however registration is dependent on the availability of anatomic landmarks that may be distorted or absent because of PT ICA dislocations or fractures this T0 determined the anatomic landmarks required to register surface data accurately to a preoperative image of the distal humerus registration error for landmarks unlikely to be compromised by severe bone loss was mm in translation and degrees in rotation these results suggest that a close alignment of a preoperative image with intraoperative surface data can be achieved using only a relatively small portion of the distal humerus that is readily available to the surgeon and unlikely to be compromised even in the setting of significant articular BL
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fertilization in flowering plants involves the F0 of one sperm with the egg cell and a second sperm with the CE cell in the nun orchid phaius tankervilliae aiton bl the pollen tube deposits two sperms in the cytoplasmic mass of the degenerating synergid initially both sperms stay close together soon afterwards the two sperms undergo migration the leading sperm migrates towards the central cell while the other sperm moves laterally towards the egg cell the degenerated synergid cytoplasmic content fills in the available space between the CE cell and the egg cell forming the actin coronas due to the high actin content the bright fluorescence initially prevents the visualization of cellular details with the subsequent reduction in fluorescence actin staining reveals that the two sperms are pearshaped with pointed tails as the sperms approaarrive in the united states are influenced by the interstate dispersion in welfare benefits incomemaximizing behavior implies that foreignborn welfare recipients unlike their nativeborn counterparts may be clustered in the states that offer the highest benefits the empirical analysis indicates that immigrant welfare recipients are indeed more heavily clustered in highbenefit states than the immigrants who do not receive welfare or than natives as a result the welfare participation rate of immigrants is much more CS to changes in welfare benefits than that of natives
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our understanding of pediatric arrhythmias continues to evolve through natural history studies of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia the congenital long qt syndrome and postoperative atrial and VTs the influence of the autonomic NS on cardiovascular CF may play a role in the sudden infant death syndrome pallid breathholding spells and NMS much work is necessary to understand these entities better therapeutic approaches to pediatric arrhythmias are extending beyond newer antiarrhythmic drugs and now include ablative therapy for many supraventricular tachyarrhythmias both surgical and transcatheter advances in pacemaker therapy include novel implantation CS downsizing of devices and the application of antitachycardia and rateadaptive technologies
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new developments in instrumentation in clinical application as well as in data analysis and visualization have provided new momentum to magnetocardiography mcg on one hand robust easy to use and budgetpriced mcgsystems entered the market and are applied to a multicentred clinical T0 on the other hand highly sophisticated vectormagnetometer systems with squid sensors are opening new perspectives in electrocardiology research several parameters have recently been introduced to evaluate mcgsignals in order to support diagnosis therapy followup and risk stratification particularly interesting is the renaissance of the hosakacohentransformation which allows to visualize socalled pseudo current density pcd maps a few examples are given to emphasise the value of these maps
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alltransretinoic acid atra is the main biologically AS metabolite of retinol vitamin a that is required for the regulation of such processes as embryogenesis tissue differentiation proliferation and others multiple alcohol retinol and retinaldehyde dehydrogenases adhs rdhs and raldhs as well as aldoketo reductases akrs catalyze the biosynthesis of retinoic acid in humans for many normal and neoplastic tissues the key atrasynthesizing enzymes remain unknown we identified atragenerating genes that are expressed in normal and malignant gastric tissues using the transcriptomic DB analysis quantitative changes in the expression levels of these genes in GC were determined by semiquantitative rtpcr and realtime pcr significant decreases in the mrna levels of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidationreduction of retinol and retinaldehyde adh adhb adhc rdhl akrb akrb and rdh as well as the oxidation of retinaldehyde raldh were revealed in most of the RT samples the sharp reduction in the expression levels of genes encoding the key enzymes that convert retinol and retinaldehyde to retinoic acid could lead to a significant decrease in the content of atrathe transcriptional regulator of many genes which in turn can lead to a dysregulation of cell proliferationdifferentiation and initiate CA development
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protein kinase c pkc stimulators otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa or cisunsaturated fatty acid ufa have been shown to prolong synaptic enhancement induced by longterm potentiation ltp this observation suggests a role for pkc in the biochemical mechanisms underlying maintained enhancement to determine if pkc stimulators prolong ltp by acting selectively at synapses given highfrequency stimulation or by actions that are not synapsespecific eg increased postsynaptic excitability we examined the effect of tpa or ufa on inputselective enhancement population epsps evoked in the same GC population by either the medial mpp or lateral lpp perforant path can be selectively enhanced leaving the other PP input which receives only lowfrequency stimulation as an IC for pkc stimulator effects not TPS to enhanced synapses synapsespecific effects were in fact observed as ufa or tpa selectively prolonged mpp enhancement following two trains of highfrequency mpp stimulation without affecting responses evoked by the lpp a similar synapse selectivity of pkc stimulator action was seen following highfrequency lpp stimulation these findings suggest that pkc stimulators prolong enhancement by acting specifically at highfrequencystimulated synapses pkc stimulators do not appear to affect either postsynaptic neurone excitability or synapses given only lowfrequency stimulation this provides further evidence that pkc acts synergistically with the consequences of repetitive synaptic activation to maintain enhancement
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photodissociation dynamics of do in the bÌa state at different photolysis wavelengths have been investigated using the datom rydberg tagging timeofflight tofw in fat content particularly in saturated fat poor in total cholesterol and rich in fibre despite this uniformity in official recommendations alternative diets with low carbohydrate and high protein content continue to be extremely popular within consumers and patients recently new studies seem to suggest that highprotein lowcarbohydrate diets may have particularly positive effects on reducing body weight and other risk factors for heart disease gannon and nuttall conducted direct comparisons of highprotein LC diets compared with highcarbohydrate lowprotein diets in subjects with type diabetes they found that highprotein lowcarbohydrate diets reduced FPG h gl area under the curve and haemoglobin ac on the basis of these results a joint EC of the american diabetes association north american society for the study of obesity and the american society for clinical nutrition suggested that a lowcarbohydrate diet may be preferred to a lowfat diet for the induction of weight loss and glycaemic control in subjects with type diabetes what is the rationale what mechanisms are involved
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to establish the relationships between CFR cardiovascular autonomic function and insulin resistance characterized by the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance score in patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism according to the world health organization who and american diabetes association ada criteria and with morphologically normal epicardial coronary arteries
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vessels in brain arteriovenous malformations are prone to rupture the underlying pathogenesis is not clear hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type patients with activin receptorlike kinase alk mutation have a higher incidence of brain arteriovenous malformation than the GP we tested the hypothesis that VE growth factor impairs vascular integrity in the alkdeficient brain through reduction of mural cell coverage
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despite recent improvements in the treatment of earlystage disease the blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia cml remains a therapeutic challenge for imatinibnaïve patients imatinib provided encouraging hematologic and cytogenetic benefits however the vast majority of cml blast crisis cases today arise in patients already on imatinibbased therapy clonal evolution and duplication of the philadelphia chromosome continue to be associated with BP transformation but recent studies have identified bcrabl KD mutations in of blast crisis patients this implies that bcrabltargeted therapy might have influenced the molecular road map to BT in this review we will examine the effect of imatinib on primitive cml progenitors and how this might influence the pathophysiology of BC a rational FR for deciding how best to integrate stem cell transplantation traditional chemotherapy imatinib and other bcrabl kinase inhibitors in the care of BC patients will also be discussed
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graphene nanosheets gns were used as anodes in full liion cells and lifepo lfpo was used as the cathode a rapid decrease in capacity was observed following the first cycle the origin of which was assigned to li consumption in the solidelectrolyte interface sei formation a reduction of the irreversible capacity from to a value as low as mah g similar to a commercial graphite anode was possible through a prelithiation treatment prior to cell assembling however the gns electrode barely delivered a capacity ca mah g at the end of cycle notably lower than that of the PGE ca mah g xray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of the pristine electrodes at the end of th and nd charges combined with depth profile analysis supplied valuable information on the thickness and composition of the sei the spectra revealed that the sei formed on the graphite electrode was much thicker than that formed on the gns electrode and that its composition was controlled mainly by lico the strength and the stability of lico are two requisites for establishing a good sei which is the reason why the cell made from graphite performed better
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eyeblink classical conditioning in preweanling rabbits was examined in the present study using a custom lightweight headpiece and restrainer new zealand white littermates were TR once daily in ms delay EB CP conditioning from PN days pd or pd these ages were chosen because EB conditioning emerges gradually over pd in rats stanton et al behavioral neuroscience another altricial species with neurodevelopmental features similar to those of rabbits consistent with wellestablished findings in rats rabbits TR from pd showed greater conditioning relative to littermates TR from pd both age groups displayed poor retention of eyeblink conditioning at retraining month after acquisition these findings are the first to demonstrate eyeblink conditioning in the developing rb with further characterization of optimal conditioning parameters this preparation may have applications to neurodevelopmental disease models as well as research exploring the ontogeny of memory
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the organization of subcortical inputs to the parahippocampal SC which in the present study in the cat is considered to comprise the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices was studied by using VA and anterograde tracing techniques the results of the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase hrp hrp conjugated with wheat germ agglutinine wgahrp FB fb or NY ny i.v. indicate that the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices receive inputs from the magnocellular basal forebrain and from distinct portions of the AC the claustrum and the thalamus the two cortices are further projected upon by fibers from the supramamillary region of the hypothalamus the VTA of the MES the dorsal raphe nucleus the NCS and the LC the entorhinal cortex in addition receives projections from the medial septum as regards the projections from the AM complex it was observed that the entorhinal SC receives its heaviest input from the basolateral CAN whereas the perirhinal cortex receives a strong projection from the lateral nucleus and a weaker projection from the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala of the thalamic nuclei that project to the parahippocampal SC the nucleus reuniens is only connected with the entorhinal SC while fibers from the MG nucleus and the LP terminate in the perirhinal cortex i.v. of 3H CAA hleucine were placed in the medial septum the dorsal and VP claustrum the basolateral and basomedial AM nuclei and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus the results of these experiments demonstrate that with the exception of the claustrum these subcortical Az project mainly to the SF layers iiii and the lamina dissecans of the parahippocampal cortex and to a lesser degree to the deep layers v and vi
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a short review is given of the pharmacokinetic characteristics and side effects of the nitroimidazoles metronidazole TNZ and ornidazole the drugs are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract maximum plasma C2 generally being obtained to h after oral NI metronidazole has been shown to be absorbed T3 rectal administration vaginal absorption is documented for all three drugs the nitroimidazoles are widely distributed in the body cross the placenta and appear in BM therapeutically effective concentrations of eg metronidazole have been demonstrated in eg the central nervous system middle ear discharges bile peritoneal fluid and fluids and tissues of the female genital tract the binding to plasma proteins is less than available data suggest that the t1/2 of these drugs differ being h for metronidazole about h for TNZ and h for ornidazole both metronidazole and ornidazole but not tinidazole seem to be extensively metabolized before beta the nature and frequency of adverse reactions to this drug include HIVE in a few patients treated with doses between and g daily as an adjunct to radiotherapy and peripheral neuropathy observed in patients treated for prolonged periods with high doses among the common side effects of the nitroimidazoles are symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract such as nausea anorexia vomiting and metallic or bitter taste dizziness ataxia and headache hons are presumed to occur in vivo previous studies have not used CA methodology that can distinguish inactivation occurring prior to and during microbiological CA from inactivation in vivo to address this problem we gave seven bilaterally nephrectomized mongrel dogs doses designed to achieve simultaneous therapeutic SS concentrations of AGs and carbenicillin serum samples were tested by radioimmunoassay on three occasions immediately to determine in vivo interactions and at h and week to assess the time course of in vitro inactivation in comparison with immediate radioimmunoassay gentamicin and tobramycin concentrations decreased by and respectively when assayed at h p and by and when assayed at days p in contrast amikacin concentrations were reduced by only and at h and days tobramycin concentrations were also determined by immediate microbiological assay and were found to be similar to those in samples stored for h before radioimmunoassay immediate radioimmunoassay demonstrated that carbenicillin reduced in vivo SS halflives of gentamicin and tobramycin by p the halflife of amikacin in vivo was not significantly altered in the presence of carbenicillin amikacin was the most stable aminoglycoside both in vivo and in vitro and it is the aminoglycoside of choice in patients with renal failure who require this combination
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the purpose of this revised statement is to review current information on the use of postnatal glucocorticoids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant and to make updated recommendations regarding their use highdose dexamethasone mgkg per day does not seem to confer additional therapeutic benefit over lower doses and is not recommended evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding other glucocorticoid doses and S9 the clinician must use clinical judgment when attempting to balance the potential adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment with those of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
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dental extraction in patients receiving longterm oral anticoagulant therapy is a controversial issue continuation of AC exposes the patient to serious hemorrhage whereas cessation of therapy increases the risk of thromboembolism forty patients treated by coumarin underwent tooth extractions without a change in the therapeutic protocol of AC the biologic adhesive beriplast was used successfully to achieve local hemostasis at the site of the surgical wound apart from one patient who had mild oozing there were no incidences of postsurgical hemorrhage
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insect plasma LTP ltp catalyzes vectorial net transfer of diacylglycerol dag from manduca sexta larval high density lipophorin hdlpl to human LD lipoprotein ldl producing an ldl of lower density and lipophorin subspecies of higher density at equilibrium a SD dagdepleted very high density lipophorin species density gml is formed electrophoretic analysis of the ATP and product lipoproteins showed that apoprotein exchange or transfer between human ldl and Lp did not occur during the lipid transfer reaction facilitated net transfer of cholesteryl ester free cholesterol and phospholipid occurred to a much lower extent than dag net transfer indicating that under these conditions ldl serves as a sink for lipophorinassociated dag this reaction therefore provides a method whereby the mass of lipid associated with human ldl can be modified in vitro without alteration of its apoprotein component the dag content of ldl increased in a linear manner with respect to ltp concentration and time during the initial phase of the reaction demonstrating the utility of this system as a quantitative CA method for ltpmediated net dag transfer when hdaglabeled ldl was prepared and employed in transfer experiments with unlabeled Lp labeled dag was recovered in the hdlpl fraction the amount of labeled dag recovered in the hdlpl fraction was dependent on the ratio of ldl to hdlpl in the reaction thus in this system ltpmediated dag redistribution is bidirectional suggesting that the final equilibrium distribution of lipid may be dictated by the properties of potential donoracceptor lipoproteins rather than by an inherent particle ATP specificity of ltp
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the preparation of dna from human BB by conventional protease and rnaase digestion phenolchloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation results in very low yields this is probably due to interference by lipid present at very high levels in this tissue we have overcome this by solubilizing the initial tissue homogenate by heating at degrees c for min in sodium dodecyl sulphate this results in a threefold increase in yield and a considerable reduction in preparation time the molecular weight of the dna is greater than x milion
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to investigate the pathogenic role of TA in the development of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody anca associated vasculitis
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in the present T0 we successively extracted the puerh tea with acetone water chloroform EA and nbutanol and the extracts were then isolated by column chromatography our T0 demonstrates that the puerh tea ethyl acetate extract nbutanol extract and their fractions had superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity fractions and from the ethyl acetate extract and fractions and from the nbutanol extract showed protective effects against hydrogen peroxideinduced damage in human fibroblast hpf cells and increased the cells viability under normal CC conditions in addition it is found that these fractions except fraction from the nbutanol extract decreased the accumulation of intracellular ROS species in hydrogen peroxideinduced hpf cells interestingly the antioxidant effect of fraction from the ethyl acetate extract on the above four systems was much stronger than that of the typical green tea catechin epigallocatechingallate but there were almost no monomeric polyphenols theaflavins and gallic acid in fraction
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FB growth factor fgf consists of multiple protein isoforms low molecular weight lmw and high molecular weight hmw produced by alternative translation from the fgf gene these protein isoforms are localized to different cellular compartments indicating unique biological activity fgf isoforms in the heart have distinct roles in many pathological circumstances in the heart including cardiac hypertrophy ischemiareperfusion injury and atherosclerosis these studies suggest distinct biological MICs of fgf lmw and hmw isoforms both in vitro and in vivo yet due to the limitations that only the recombinant fgf lmw isoform is readily available and that the fgf antibody is nonspecific with regards to its isoforms much remains to be determined regarding the roles of the fgf lmw and hmw isoforms in cellular SMB and in cardiovascular OD and pathophysiology this review summarizes the MICs of lmw and hmw isoforms of fgf in cardiovascular OD and disease
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in this T0 we investigate which factors affect the false positive fraction fpf for digital breast tomosynthesis dbt compared to digital mammography dm in a screening population by using classification and regression trees crt and binary marginal generalized linear models the data was obtained from the malmö breast tomosynthesis screening trial which aimed to compare the performance of dbt to dm in breast CA screening by using data from the first half of the T0 population women a tree with the recall probability for different CG was calculated the effect of age and breast density on the fpf was estimated using a binary marginal generalized linear model our results show that breast density and breast cancer were the main factors influencing recall the fpf is mainly affected by breast density and increases with breast density for dbt and dm in conclusion the results obtained with crt are easy to interpret and similar to those obtained using binary marginal generalized linear models the fpf is approximately higher for dbt compared to dm for all breast density categories
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an elderly malay lady presented with lethargy and day history of chest pain her electrocardiogram showed diffuse concave stsegment elevation with depressed pr segments coronary angiogram was normal the LVG demonstrated apical akinesis with hyperdynamic contraction of the basal segments consistent with feature of takotsubo cardiomyopathy this case highlights an uncommon electrocardiogram presentation of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
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parkinsons disease pd is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases which is characterized by progressive degeneration of NS dopaminergic neurons there is a growing consensus that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative AS play a crucial role in pd pathogenesis sirtuin sirt is the major mitochondria naddependent deacetylase that acts as a regulator of mitochondrial protein CF it is essential for maintaining mitochondrial integrity although sirt was reported to have antioxidative AS activity in an in vitro study there is no explicit in vivo evidence for the involvement of sirt in the etiology of pd the present T0 shows that sirt null mice do not exhibit motor and nonmotor deficits compared with wildtype controls however sirt deficiency dramatically exacerbated the degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons in methylphenyltetrahydropyridine mptpinduced pd mice sirt null mice exposed to mptp also exhibited decreased superoxide dismutase a TPS mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme and reduced glutathione peroxidase expression compared with WT taken together these findings strongly support that sirt has a possible role in mptpinduced neurodegeneration via preserving free radical scavenging capacity in mitochondria
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prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides which is ubiquitous may be detrimental to neurological OD we examined motherinfant pairs in cincinnati ohio between and to determine associations between prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and neurodevelopment twice during pregnancy urinary concentrations of common dialkylphosphates nonspecific metabolites of organophosphate pesticides were measured aggregate concentrations of diethylphosphates dimethylphosphates and total dialkylphosphates were calculated bayley scales of infant development second editionmental and psychomotor developmental indices were po at ages and years the clinical DUE of language fundamentalspreschool second edition at age and the wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence third edition at age mothers with higher urinary total dialkylphosphate concentrations reported higher levels of SES and increased fresh fruit and vegetable NI we found no associations between prenatal exposure to OPs and cognition at years of age in our cohort exposure to organophosphate pesticides during pregnancy was not associated with cognition during early childhood it is possible that a higher SES and healthier diet may protect the fetus from potential adverse associations with gestational organophosphate pesticide exposure or that dietary exposure to the metabolites is innocuous and not an ideal measure of SE to the parent compound
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the extract of the tibetan medicine tabanarshan corrects changes of the IS in inflammatory diseasesrheumatoid ICA and atopic bronchial asthma an immunomodulating effect of the drug consists in its ability to suppress hyperactivation of lymphocytes by normalization of expression of basic activation antigens
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both oral and i.v. of alphalipoic acid ala has been investigated as addon treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy the recent neurological assessment of thioctic acid in diabetic neuropathy nathan trial has shown that year oral ala administration is of some value in achieving a clinically meaningful improvement and a slight delay in the progression of neuropathic deficits among patients with mildmoderate diabetic IP neuropathy despite these promising results important questions remain to be answered mainly AGA patient selection and optimal treatment duration moreover a CBA would be useful
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to determine whether saline loading actually protects against ARF both c and bun were measured in rats drinking either TW or saline for months at and h T3 an i.t. of mlkg im of glycerol in water ctn was equally reduced in salinedrinking and waterdrinking rats as compared to uninjected rats the daily intraperitoneal i.t. of saline for months also was not protective at hours after glycerol injection the bun concentration in salinedrinking rats was significantly lower than in waterdrinking rats this was probably due to the greater renal urea clearance in these animals we conclude from these findings that saline loading does not protect against glycerolinduced acute renal failure in the rat although it affects the curea and bun concentration
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an inward rectifier potassium current kir has been identified in CBF and coronary resistance vessels where it is considered to be an important determinant of resting membrane potential rmp and to play a role in blood flow regulation we investigated the functional role of kir in the renal afferent arteriole using the in vitroperfused hydronephrotic rat kidney increasing external kcl from to mmoll induced afferent arteriolar vasodilation this response was inhibited by to micromoll ba concentrations selective for blockade of kir and by chloroethylclonidine micromoll but was not blocked by glibenclamide micromoll or ouabain mmoll reducing external kcl from to mmoll to enhance rectification of kir caused vasoconstriction at low renal arterial pressure mm hg and vasodilation during myogenic vasoconstriction mm hg suggesting that this current dominates rmp at low perfusion pressures when administered to kidneys perfused at mm hg renal arterial pressure micromoll ba elicited afferent arteriolar depolarization reducing rmp from to mv n p and vasoconstriction reducing diameters from to microm n p although ba reduced resting diameter blockade of kir did not prevent myogenic signaling in this vessel our findings thus demonstrate the presence of kir in rat renal afferent arterioles and suggest that this current is an important determinant of rmp in situ
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a lambda embl clone containing a gene cluster coding for the ribosomal proteins l l l and region of l was identified in a genomic library for the halophilic archaebacterium halobacterium halobium using a rat hybridization probe from the related organism halobacterium marismortui the clone also contains two conserved open reading frames found in h marismortui although with still unknown CF its gene organization is very similar to that of s operon of h marismortui the deduced CAA CS of these RPs hhal hhal hhal and region of hhal shows high similarity to those of the archaebacterium h marismortui and a lesser degree of similarity to their eukaryotic and eubacterial counterparts
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bclxl is a L1 antiapoptotic protein in the bcl family whose overexpression is more widely observed in human lung CA cells than that of bcl suggesting that bclxl is more biologically relevant and therefore a better therapeutic target for lung CA here we screened small molecules that selectively target the bh domain aa IB pocket of bclxl using the ucsf dock program suite and the nci chemical library DB we identified two new bclxl inhibitors bxi and bxi that exhibit selective toxicity against LC cells compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells FPA reveals that bxi and bxi preferentially bind to bclxl protein but not bcl bclw bfla or mcl in vitro with high binding affinities treatment of cells with bxi results in disruption of bclxlbak or bclxlbax interaction oligomerization of bak and cytochrome c release from mitochondria importantly bxi and bxi exhibit more potent tau against human lung cancer than abt but less degree in platelet reduction in vivo bxi overcomes acquired radioresistance of LC on the basis of our findings the OD of bxis as a new class of anticancer agents is warranted and represents a novel strategy for improving lung CA outcome
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we previously reported that motion sickness was prevented in rats with amygdala lesion and that provocative motion stimuli increased the number of fospositive neurons in the amygdala suggesting that the amygdala is one of the neural substrates involved in the OD of motion sickness nk receptors in the BB stem and amygdala are thought to play an important role in emesis and AD respectively in the present T0 to elucidate a role of substance p neuronal system and nk receptors in the brain stem and amygdala in the development of MS we measured changes in gene expression of nk receptors and preprotachykinin a precursor of substance p using quantitative RT pcr methods in NTS and amygdala in rats T3 provocative motion stimuli induced by g HG load effects of systemic administration of cp an antagonist for nk receptors on hypergravityinduced MS were also examined using pica SMB eating nonnutritive substances such as kaolin as an index of motion sickness in rats hypergravityinduced motion sickness was inhibited by cp with a dosedependent and enantioselective manner preprotachykinin mrna expression was increased in basolateral nucleus of amygdala and solitary tract nucleus T3 hypergravity load for h whereas nk receptor mrna expression was not changed by hypergravity in amygdala and NTS present results suggest that g HG load activated the substance p neuronal system in amygdala as well as in the brain stem and this activation would be related to the development of motion sickness
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SD victims share most of the major risk factors for coronary disease in GA and the key to prevention is to reduce the risk of coronary attacks especially by avoidance of cigarettes correction of obesity and reduction of blood pressure the incidence increases with age with SD incidence in women only a third that in men by incorporating chd risk AF into a multivariate logistic formulation a composite estimate of risk is obtained over a wide range a severely compromised coronary circulation manifested only by ecg abnormalities carries a high risk of sudden death vpbs associated with SD often occur concurrently with ecg signs of lvh intraventricular block and nonspecific stt CA convalescent mi patients with a low risk of SD are usually asymptomatic have a normal creatinine normal postmi ecg no ART a normal exercise ecg few vpbs on monitoring and normotension and show no signs of CF
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malaria is one of the most common vectorborne diseases widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions despite considerable success of malaria control programs in the past malaria still continues as a major public health problem in several countries vector control is an essential part for reducing malaria transmission and became less ERP in recent years due to many technical and administrative reasons including poor or no adoptionncert with management of complex associated injuries to nonvascular organ systems traditional or while ERP in the longterm is associated with a periprocedural mortality between and along with a risk of stroke and up to a risk of spinal chord ischemia the advent of endovascular stent graft repair has allowed single centers to cut periprocedural mortality in half and decrease the risk of L1 neurologic events to it is unlikely that a multicenter prospective randomized trial will ever be performed to evaluate these two procedures however several C1 metaanalyses have been published recently along with a clinical practice guideline from the society for vascular surgery the purpose of this article is to review the trends and current concepts in the management of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta
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chronic widespread pain cwp the cardinal symptom of fibromyalgia is prevalent and cooccurs with numerous symptombased conditions such as CFS joint pain HA IBS and psychiatric disorders few studies have examined the comorbidities of cwp in the GP furthermore little is known about the importance of familial genetic and family environmental AF in the etiology of cooccurrence
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eighteenmonthold children were immunized with polyribosyl ribitol phosphate prp of haemophilus influenzae type b or with prp that had been conjugated to diphtheria toxoid conjugated vaccine stimulated significant mean increases in antibody titer as measured by radioimmunoassay and bactericidal effect as well as a modest increase in opsonizing activity in contrast unconjugated vaccine caused lesser albeit significant rises in antibody titer but a negligible antibacterial effect these results suggest that vaccinating infants with conjugated prp is more likely to stimulate production of antibodies that are protective against SVR infection caused by h influenzae type b than vaccinating with free prp
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