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a group of eighteen infants which experienced the neonatal abstinence syndrome due to prenatal maternal use of MTD responded adequately to phenobarbital with control of PS by administering the phenobarbital as an initial single loading dose and closely monitoring the blood C2 maintenance dosing could easily be adjusted for variables in infant metabolism and pharmacologic effect by use of a multifactorial abstinence scoring system the pharmacologic effects on clinically observed abstinence symptomatology could be closely monitored and correlated with the blood C2 SS C2 of mcgml were adequate to control all but one infant tapering the blood level of phenobarbital to mcgml and observing no scores over for hours identified the place in time where abstinence was no longer significant and the infant could be discharged without medication
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the objective of the present study was to examine the role of the CC cc in DL for this purpose righthanded healthy male participants were assessed with morphological and DTI which yielded macrostructural midsagittal area and microstructural mean DWI FA measures of the total cc and predefined subregions applying the standard consonantvowel bergen dichotic listening test including different attentional instructions the authors found dichotic listening performance to be substantially related to the integrity of the cc at both macro and microstructural levels results indicate a dual role of the cc it is relevant not only for the stimulusdriven bottomup transfer of leftear input to the left hemisphere but also for its attentional topdown modulation
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a segregating second locus pgic for the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase pgic is found in the grass sheeps fescue festuca ovina we have earlier reported that a phylogenetic analysis indicates that pgic has been horizontally transferred from the reproductively separated grass genus poa here we extend our analysis to include intron and exon information on pgic sequences from species representing five genera and confirm our earlier finding the origin of pgic can be traced to a group of closely interrelated polyploid and partially asexual poa species the sequence most similar to pgic is found in poa palustris with a divergence based on synonymous substitutions of only this value suggests that the transfer took place less than years ago late pleistocene at a time when most extant poa and festuca species already existed
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BG inhibition of histone deacetylase hdac was reported to suppress cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in various HCM animal models however the hdac expression profile and hdac CEA have not yet been investigated in docasalt hypertensive rats methods unilaterally nephrectomized rats were implanted with doca strips docasalt rats then received a control diet with VH or valproate we measured the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers class i hdacs class ii hdacs fibrosis and hdac enzyme activity results here we report that sodium valproate inhibits the CH accompanied by fibrosis in the HR of chronic hypertensive rats we show that expression of gata and hdac is upregulated in docasalt hypertension in addition hdac and hdac enzyme activity is att by sodium valproate conclusion these results suggest that a novel hdac and hdacselective inhibitor is needed to treat or prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy © s karger ag basel
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the aim of the T0 was to compare the functional and structural properties of the motor protein S1 and isolated myocyte +dP/dt in heart muscle excised from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients by surgical myectomy with explanted failing heart and nonfailing donor heart muscle
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the activity of the sr protein family of splicing factors in constitutive or alternative splicing requires direct interactions with the premrna ATP thus it is important to define the high affinity targets of the various sr species and to evaluate their ability to discriminate between defined rna targets we have analyzed the IB specificity of the kda sr PG which contains a zinc knuckle in addition to the rna IB domain rbd using a selex RPA we demonstrate that g selects rna sequences formed by gac triplets whereas a mutated zinc knuckle variant selects different rna sequences centered around a aucauauc motif indicating that the zinc knuckle is involved in the rna recognition specificity of g in contrast sc selects sequences composed of pyrimidine or purinerich motifs analyses of RNP interactions with purified recombinant kda sr proteins or in nuclear extracts by means of uv crosslinking and IP demonstrate that g sc and asfsf recognize their specific rna targets with high specificity interestingly the rna sequences selected by the mutated zinc knuckle g variant are efficiently recognized by srp in agreement with the fact that the rbd of g and srp are similar finally we demonstrate the ability of g and of its zinc knuckle variant or srp to act as efficient splicing transactivators through their specific rna targets our results provide the first evidence for cooperation between an rbd and a zinc knuckle in defining the specificity of an rna binding domain
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alkanethiolate monolayers are one of the most comprehensively studied selfassembled systems due to their ease of preparation their ability to be functionalized and the opportunity to control their thickness perpendicular to the surface however these systems suffer from degradation due to oxidation and defects caused by surface etching and adsorbate rotational boundaries thioethers offer a potential alternative to thiols that overcome some of these issues and allow dimensional control of selfassembly parallel to the surface thioethers have found uses in surface modification of NPs and chiral thioethers tethered to catalytically AS surfaces have been shown to enable enantioselective hydrogenation however the effect of structural chemical and chiral modifications of the alkyl chains of thioethers on their selfassembly has remained largely unstudied to elucidate how molecular structure particularly alkyl branching and chirality affects molecular selfassembly we compare four related thioethers including two pairs of structural isomers the selfassembly of structural isomers nbutyl methyl sulfide and tertbutyl methyl sulfide was studied with high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy stm our results indicate that both molecules form highly ordered arrays despite the bulky tertbutyl group we also investigated the effect of intrinsic chirality in the alkyl tails on the adsorption and selfassembly of butyl secbutyl sulfide bsbs with stm and density functional theory and contrast our results to its structural isomer dibutyl sulfide calculations provide the relative stability of the four stereoisomers of bsbs and stm imaging reveals two prominent monomer forms interestingly the racemic mixture of bsbs is the only thioether we have examined to date that does not form highly ordered arrays we postulate that this is due to weak enantiospecific intermolecular interactions that lead to the formation of energetically similar but structurally different assemblies furthermore we studied all of the molecules in their monomeric molecular rotor form and the surfaceadsorbed chirality of the three asymmetric thioethers is distinguishable in stm images
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the effects of mg SL nifedipine on a standardized cold provocation test were compared with that of placebo in a doubleblind crossover trial in patients with RD the percentage decrease of finger systolic pressure in the cooled finger as compared with the CL control finger was significantly lower at degrees c p less than and degrees c p less than after nifedipine than after placebo these improved digital pressure values on cooling were associated with a decreased systolic blood pressure sbp from sd to sd mm hg p less than and an increased heart rate hr from sd to sd beatsmin p less than but without significant changes in diastolic blood pressure dbp digital blood flow bf or peripheral vascular resistance pvr in cutaneous V1 bed three patients experienced HA under nifedipine but this side effect was disagreeable in only one case these data suggest using lowdose nifedipine mg sublingually min before predictable CE and raynauds phenomenon such a procedure might be more ERP and safer than chronic NI of higher doses of nifedipine as currently recommended in raynauds attacks
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the aim of this T0 was to investigate the cellular mechanism involved in the potent vasodilatory action of plgf on mesenteric resistance arteries from pregnant rats plgf nm induced a vasodilation of ± that was completely abolished by EC denudation significant dilation ± remained however in the presence of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition and was associated with significant reductions in V1 smooth muscle cell calcium absence of dilation in potassiumdepolarizing solution mm confirmed its dependence on endothelialderived hyperpolarization factor subsequent studies established that vasodilation was abolished by pharmacologic inhibition of skca ent resulted in infarcts that were twice as C1 as those in untreated control animals and in diminished cardiac CF at days and weeks after the myocardial infarction we also sought to identify a potential treatment to protect against this increased cardiac damage nitroglycerin inhibited aldh activity in vitro an effect that was blocked by alda an activator of aldh coadministration of alda with the nitroglycerin prevented the nitroglycerininduced increase in cardiac dysfunction T3 myocardial infarction in rats at least in part by enhancing metabolism of reactive aldehyde adducts that impair normal protein functions if our animal studies showing that nitroglycerin tolerance increases cardiac injury upon ischemic insult are corroborated in humans activators of aldh such as alda may help to protect patients with myocardial infarction from this nitroglycerininduced increase in cardiac injury while maintaining the cardiac benefits of the increased nitric oxide concentrations produced by nitroglycerin
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recent PET imaging studies of topographical learning point to the participation of a large network of cortical and subcortical regions nevertheless areas which are crucial remain poorly specified due to the absence of group studies of subjects with focal lesions distributed throughout the brain we assessed the ability of subjects with stable focal lesions to learn a complex reallife route a critical aspect of topographical SF-36 results indicated that impairment in route learning was highly associated with damage to medial occipital and posterior parahippocampal cortices in either hemisphere the RA hippocampus and the RA inferotemporal region impairment was seen among of the subjects with damage to any these regions in contrast to impairment among of subjects with lesions in other regions the importance of medial occipitotemporal cortices bilaterally and right IT likely reflects the critical role of the ability to quickly and accurately perceive and learn multiple topographical scenes the importance of the right and probably left posterior parahippocampal gyrus and of the RA hippocampus likely reflects their critical distinctive roles forming an integrated representation of the D2 topographical environment ie the appearance of places and spatial relationships between specific places and consolidating that representation into multifaceted contextual knowledge of the environment
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reduced acceptance of radical prostatectomy in patients with low risk or IR prostate cancer has significantly changed treatment strategies in prostate CA pca during the last years focal therapy of the prostate with high intensity focused ultrasound hifu is an organpreserving treatment for prostate cancer with less impairment of healthrelated SQ of life followup after hifu therapy by imaging modalities remains a major problem as eg mri performs poorly contrast enhanced ultrasound ceus allows to monitor the vascular architecture of organs noninvasively however only limited data are available using ceus to define successful and complete hifu treatment of the prostate in this T0 we aimed to evaluate ST image findings using ceus and image F0 before and after hifu treatment
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in addition to senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles granulovacuolar degeneration is a hallmark of alzheimers disease a number of tau kinases such as cjun NT kinase jnk glycogensynthase kinaseβ gskβ and casein kinase ck have been reported to be markers of granulovacuolar degeneration in addition cyclindependent kinase cdk which phosphorylates tau has been shown to be abundantly expressed in neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus cdk has a unique staining DP and therefore has the potential to be a novel marker for GVD in this study we investigated the ability of cdk to be a marker for GVD using IHC four alzheimers disease cases three myotonic dystrophy myd cases and three control cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent techniques using anticdk anticharged multivesicular body protein b chmpb antipsmad antiubiquitin ub antiphosphotdp and at antibodies some cdkpositive granules were morphologically similar to GVD IL LG and these LG overlapped with those immunopositive for psmad ub and phosphotdp established granulovacuolar degeneration markers moreover cdkpositive granulovacuolar degeneration and phosphorylated tau colocalized in pyramidal SN in alzheimers disease and myd cases the numbers of cdkpositive granules showed an inverse relationship with the degree of mature neurofibrillary tangles in each cell as was the case with chmpbpositive granulovacuolar degeneration granules and neurofibrillary tangles the presence of tau kinases including cdk in granulovacuolar degeneration might implicate that granulovacuolar degeneration is structurally involved in tau modification
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we report the synthesis characterization and catalytic activity of bimetallic palladiumplatinum dendrimerencapsulated catalysts decs these materials are prepared by cocomplexation of different ratios of palladium and platinum salts to the interior tertiary amines of fourthgeneration hydroxylterminated polyamidoamine pamam dendrimers chemical reduction of these composites yields SD fairly monodisperse watersoluble bimetallic decs having sizes on the order of nm evidence that these nanoparticles are bimetallic comes from singleparticle xray SE dispersive spectroscopy eds and catalysis experiments the latter indicate that the hydrogenation rate of allyl alcohol is enhanced in the presence of the bimetallic nanoparticles compared to decs containing only Pt or only palladium NPs eds results indicate that the percentage composition of the bimetallics is reflected by the percentage of metal salts initially complexed with the dendrimer
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the circular dichroic cd spectra of haemopexin in the far ultraviolet region exhibit an atypical positive maximum at nm which prevents determination of the AA structure by the usual methods we have developed a modified analytical method by which it was possible to calculate the secondary structure of the protein of alphahelix of betaconformation and the actual wavelength nm and intensity of the abovementioned positive band measurements and analysis of the cd spectra of haemopexin in an alkaline medium gave information ascribing a major part of intensity of the band at nm to the bu transition of tyr we believe that some other electronic EMT contribute to this band too an assignation of the individual extremes of the cd spectrum in the near ultraviolet region to the individual electronic EMT is propounded the dichroic bands of trp in this region and the temperature dependence of the cd spectra in the far ultraviolet region corroborate our idea that the haemopexin molecule contains a very compact hydrophobic peptide core similarities of the cd spectra of haemopexin to those of the haem haemopexin complex throughout the ultraviolet region suggest a conformational likeness of these two molecules
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intestinal angiodysplastic lesions represent one frequent source of gastroenteric tract serious bleedings endowed with presentday therapeutic implications the authors report a singular case of a bleeding of this kind a selective arteriography analysis of the SMA i.a. immediately pointed out the necessity for a surgical intervention which however has not proved being resolutive for recovery because massive intestinal hemmorrhage recurrence occurred the left gastric artery anomalous origin being discovered in the first branch of the CMA which was not recognized fully in advance stressed in fact the need for a Bi firstly and a full gastrectomy subsequently the postsurgery course got more serious for a small leak of the oesophageusdigiunal anastomosis and for a serious renal failure npt and haemodialysis helped to quickly solve those complications other hemorrhagic events have not occurred anymore years having passed since the surgical intervention
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in his first advocacy column for the journal of psychiatric practice the author discusses the importance and relevance of advocacy for all MH professionals and researchers in whatever setting they work advocacy efforts can and have influenced a range of issues that are important to hospitalbased and community psychiatrists private practitioners and researchers the author then discusses the importance of personal selfnarrative as a tool for decreasing stigma and increasing understanding of serious mental illness with a focus on two programs developed by the national alliance on mental illness nami in our own voice and nami smarts for advocacy
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a polymergrafted liposomal formulation that has the potential to be developed for aerosolic pulmonary delivery of vasoactive intestinal peptide vip a potent vasodilatory neuropeptide is described as vip is prone to rapid proteolytic Kd in the microenvironment of the lung a proper delivery system is required to increase the halflife and BA of the peptide here we investigate structural parameters of unilamellar liposomes composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine lysostearylphosphatidylglycerol and distearylphosphatidylethanolamine covalently linked to PE glycol and report on viplipid interaction mechanisms we found that the cationic vip is efficiently entrapped by the negatively charged spherical liposomes and becomes converted to an amphipathic alphahelix by fluorescence spectroscopy using single trpmodified vip we could show that vip is closely associated to the membrane our data suggest that the nterminal randomcoiled domain is embedded in the interfacial headgroup region of the phospholipid bilayhisms twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms snp including four nonsynonymous snp were identified by dna sequencing of the bcrp gene in korean subjects bcrp vm qk ps and qstop were detected at frequencies of and respectively these four coding SCV were also screened in chinese and vietnamese subjects the allelic frequencies among the three populations were compared and predictions were made as to the potential frequency of each variant in vitro functional analyses of the ps protein and the promoter snp ct mutated in the hypoxiainducible factoralpha IB site were performed and compared with those of the wild type ps exhibited a to decrease in vesicular uptake of hestronesulfate and hmethotrexate compared with the wild type the promoter snp ct did not affect bcrp promoter activity in either the presence or absence of chemicalinduced hypoxic stress our results suggest that the ps variant could be a functionally altered variant genotyping of this variant in clinical studies is needed to address its phenotypic role genetic polymorphisms of bcrp were found to be very common in koreans as well as in other ethnic groups comparative analyses among three asian populations revealed different frequencies for the four PET bcrp variants
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the effects of the IS drug cyclosporin a on orthotopic bone turnover and on the resorption of DBM were studied in the first experiment rats were labeled with hproline and calcium and treated with cyclosporin a mgkgday or placebo for weeks cyclosporin a treatment resulted in an early transient increase in matrix and mineral turnover in the metaphyseal region of the tibia furthermore cyclosporin a increased mineral turnover in the diaphyseal part of the tibia but the matrix turnover was unaffected no osteopenia was seen after weeks in the second experiment pelease reaction of the platelets contained in plasma filtered through a PET filter and coated with a hydrophilic CP the alterations in number were examined by counting before and after filtration the morphological modifications were studied by determining the mean platelet volume the functional alterations were analysed by a platelet aggregation test induced by adp and collagen the presence of products from the PR reaction in filtered plasma was studied using radioimmunoassays of betathromboglobulin platelet factor and thromboxane b the results obtained showed that the filtration of plasma through the material did not determine a significant platelet adhesion did not alter the volume or the functionality of the platelets and induced no release reaction
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gram negative bacteria have been isolated and quantitative bacteria counts performed from midstream urine of as many patients affected with symptomatic and non symptomatic urinary tract infections susceptibility of bacteria to four quinoline derivatives norfloxacin oxolinic acid pipemidic acid and NAL was studied determining the MIC concentrations mics of each drug by a miniaturized dilution broth method the frequency of bacterial species isolated the frequency of PS and the frequency of bacterial counts were studied to establish a possible relationship between these data it has been observed that patients affected with pyuria without any other subjective symptoms demonstrate a colony count ranging between less than and greater than bacterialml of urine and these bacteriuria were determined by several different bacterial species e coli was much more frequently responsible for low or high count bacterial infections of the urinary tract than other species in fact e coli was detected in of patients p mirabilis in e agglomerans in p aeruginosa in other species were detected in much lower percentages norfloxacin proved to be the most effective drug in vitro out of those under examination its mic never exceeded mcgml even against pseudomonas and serratia strains which were resistant to all the other antimicrobial agents
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we have utilized rna cells an immortalized neuronal cell L1 derived from e BS raphe as a model for transplant of bioengineered serotonergic cells rna cells require brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf for increased survival and serotonin ht synthesis in vitro and in vivo rna cells were transfected with the rat bdnf gene and the ab cell L1 was subcloned these cells survive longer than weeks Tx into the SAS of the lumbar spinal cord and synthesize ht and bdnf chronic constriction injury cci of the sciatic nerve was used to induce chronic neuropathic pain in the affected hindpaw in rats transplants of ab cells placed week after cci alleviated chronic neuropathic pain while transplants of av control cells negative for ht and without the bdnf gene had no effect on the induction of thermal and tactile nociception when endogenous cells of the dorsal horn which contain the neurotransmitter gammaaminobutyric acid gaba and its synthetic enzyme glu decarboxylase gad were IHC quantified in the lumbar spinal cord days and weeks T3 cci the number of gaba and gadimmunoreactive ir cells decreased BL to the PNI as soon as days T3 cci at week after cci the number of gabair cells continued to significantly decline bilaterally returning to near normal numbers on the side contralateral to the nerve injury by weeks T3 the PNI the number of gadir cells began to increase bilaterally to the nerve injury at week T3 cci and continued to significantly increase in numbers over normal values by weeks T3 the nerve injury when examined and weeks T3 cci plus cell transplants the transplants of ab cells reversed the increase in gadir cell numbers and the decrease in gabair cells by week after transplantation while av control cell transplants T3 cci had no effect on the changes in numbers of gadir or gabair cells collectively these data suggest that altered ht C2 and perhaps bdnf secretion related to the transplants ameliorate chronic pain and reverse the induction and maintenance of an endogenous pain mechanism in the DH this induction mechanism is likely dependent on altered gad regulation and gaba synthesis initiated by cci
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cardiac allograft vasculopathy cav is a unique multifactorial pathologic process encountered following heart transplantation several risk AF have been identified including a combination of immunologic and nonimmunologic processes significant research has been conducted to elucidate the driving forces of cav as well as improved identification prevention and treatment strategies statin therapy following SPK remains the SOC to help prevent the progression of cav the benefits of statin therapy following transplantation correspond to cholesterol control antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms as well as potentially unknown mechanisms despite known drug interactions with calcineurin inhibitors the use of statins is highly recommended in the current international society for HR and lung transplantation guidelines limited research has been conducted on the impact of higher intensity statin therapy following HR SPK and the relative risks and benefits are unknown this review focuses on risk AF and pathophysiology of cav the role of statin therapy in heart transplantation and the potential added benefit of more intense statin therapy to limit the progression of this graftlimiting complication
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congenital central hypoventilation syndrome cchs is caused by mutations in phoxb which is essential for maturation of the neural crest into the autonomic NS and is expressed in the dorsal rhombencephalon a region that gives rise to facial structures digital photographs of individuals with phoxbconfirmed cchs and matched controls were analyzed for linear and angular measurements and derived indices paired t tests were used to compare group means correlation was calculated between phoxb polyalanine expansion number and facial measures and stepwise LR was used to predict casecontrol and genotype status cchs cases differed significantly from controls on variables T3 p value correction nasolabial angle upper lip height lateral lip height facial index upper facial index and presence of VPI inflection of the lateral segment of the upper lip vermillion border five variables were able to predict correctly of cchs cases and of controls upper lip height biocular width upper facial height nasal tip protrusion and inferior inflection of the upper lip vermillion border a negative relationship between number of repeats and four anthropometric measures was observed mandible breadth nasolabial angle lateral lip height and mandibleface width index these results suggest a characteristic facial phenotype in children and young adults with cchs due to an expansion mutation in phoxb
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a comparative study of the haemoglobins of animals distributed over species of vertebrates and belonging to different classes has been made by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis is tris edtaborate ph multiple haemoglobins were found within the different classes the percentage of multiple haemoglobins varies from class to class the frequencydistribution of the mobility values of haemoglobins is rather specific for the different classes and in certain instances for the different orders
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morbidity of schistosoma mansoni infection was assessed in infected sudanese schoolchildren using an ultrasonographical staging system for PPF of the CL s mansoni ova excretion in stools was mild in moderate in and severe in of the patients grade PP fibrosis was found in grade in and grade in of s mansoniinfected children girls and boys were equally affected the CSD of PP fibrosis compared to the age of patients was homogenous there was no significant difference of the rate of PPF in the CG of intensity of infection however in the patients who showed PP fibrosis there was a strong relation between severity of US detectable fibrosis with intensity of egg excretion in children of which had a heavy infection no signs of periportal fibrosis were detected sudanese children show a variable susceptibility towards the OD of s mansoniinduced periportal fibrosis high risk patients can be detected at a childhood stage by measuring the intensity of infection and investigating the liver by ultrasound
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this paper presents calculations of the image potential for an ion in an AQ pore spanning a lipid membrane and for the electric field produced in such a pore when a TM potential is applied the pore diameter may be variable as long as the lengthtoradius ratio in the narrow portion of a channel is C1 enough the image potential for an ion in or near the mouth of a channel is determined by the geometry of the mouth within the constriction the image potential of the ionpore system may be reasonably approximated by constructing an equivalent pore of uniform diameter spanning a somewhat thinner membrane when a transmembrane potential is applied the electric field within a constricted constant radius section of the model pore is constant if the lengthtoradius ratio of the narrow part of the channel is not too C1 or the channel ensemble has wide mouths the field extends a significant distance into the aqueous region the method is used to MM features of the gramicidin a channel the SE barrier for hydration for exiting the channel is identified with the activation energy for gramicidin conductance bamberg and läuger biochim biophys acta
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VC a cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is an actively regulated process involving vitamin k dependent proteins vkdps among others vitamin k is an essential micronutrient present in plants and animal fermented products that plays an important role as a cofactor for the posttranslational γcarboxylation of glutamic acid residues in a number of proteins these vkdps require carboxylation to become biologically active and they have been identified as having an active role in V1 cell migration angiogenesis and VC this paper will review the process of vascular calcification and delineate the role that vitamin k plays in the modulation of that process through the activation of vkdps one such vkdp is matrix gla protein mgp which when activated inhibits osteogenic AF thereby inhibiting vascular and soft tissue calcification
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the aim of the present T0 was to identify BB EA changes generated by olanzapine olz in treatment refractory schizophrenics trs paranoid trs years old were evaluated before and after weeks of olz treatment psychopathology was evaluated by means of total bprs and panss scores resting eeg was recorded in the pre under typical neuroleptics and post under olz sessions a GR to olz was observed in of trs a significant reduction in positive and negative PS scales of panss was found absolute power of theta theta alpha bands increased T3 treatment while beta power showed a decrease intrahemispheric correlation increased between different zones of the FC areas and between FC and posterior areas while interhemispheric correlation decreased in theta eeg changes were more evident in those patients who had a better response to olz olz showed to be effective in trs improving psychiaof school phobia is challenging for the school nurse and is complicated by an overall lack of knowledge regarding the serious potential outcomes the purpose of this article is to define school phobia differentiate it from truancy and highlight some interventions useful in the treatment of this increasingly common and potentially serious disorder
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the adsorption of four drugs with certain toxicity ie chlorpromazine quinidine diazepam and phenobarbital on attapulgite and crosslinked agar beads entrapped attapulgitecaa was determined in this study the results revealed that attapulgite possessed high adsorption for the cation drugschlorpromazine and quinidine moderate adsorption for diazepam and slight adsorption for phenobabital the adsorption in attapulgite was quite quick and came to equilibrium in about min no significant differencep of adsorption on attapulgite was observed at min and min the adsorbent selectivity on caa was the same as that on attapulgite the speed of the adsorption was slower on caa than on attapulgite but the quantity adsorpted on caa and that on attapulgite had no marked differencep T3 min caa preserved the adsorption property of attapulgite fundamentally caa overcame the dispersibility of attapulgite distinctly and showed good hemocompatibility and a fair blood flow rate in hemoperfusion it may play an important role in the separation of blood components and in hemopurification
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obstructive SA osa has been recognized as an independent risk factor for SH the study investigated the functional consequences of chronic intermittent hypoxia cih on aortic constriction induced by angiotensin ii ang ii and the possible signaling involving erk and contractile proteins such as S1 CS chain kinase mlck MP targeting S1 mypt and S1 CS chain mlc
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headtwitch response htr in mice was induced by intracerebroventricular i.t. of TA tra as well as serotonin ht and pchloroamphetamine pca i.c.v. with dihydroxytryptamine enhanced both the htinduced and the trainduced htr the pcainduced htr however was att by the drug on the other hand i.c.v. with hydroxydopamine did not alter the ht response but enhanced both the pca and the trainduced response these results suggest that ht may directly stimulate the postsynaptic receptors while the pca response may be based on the PR of endogenous ht the presynaptic component of the CE serotonergic system does not appear to be involved in the tra response both pca and tra may affect catecholaminergic systems which can suppress the response
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when a briefly presented and then masked visual object is identified it impairs the ID of the T2 for several hundred ms this phenomenon is known as attentional blink or attentional dwell time the present study is an attempt to investigate the role of salient emotional information in shifts of covert visual attention over time two experiments were conducted using the dwell time paradigm in which two successive targets are presented at different locations with a variable stimulus onset asynchrony soa in the first experiment real emotional faces happysad were presented as the first target and letters lt were presented as the T2 the order of CS- presentation was reversed in the second experiment in the first experiment ID of the letters preceded by happy faces showed better performance than did those preceded by sad faces at soas less than msec similarly happy faces were identified better than sad faces were at short soas in experiment the results show that the time course of visual attention is dependent on emotional content of the stimuli the findings indicate that happy faces are associated with distributed attention or broad scope of attention and require fewer attentional resources than do sad faces
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the effects of serotonin applied directly to the region of the MO which contains the NTS nucleus intercalatus nucleus originis dorsalis vagi and the nucleus originis nervi hypoglossi were investigated in anesthetized rats a dose dependent increase in blood pressure with variable changes in HR rate was observed T3 unilateral application of serotonin into the nucleus tractus solitarius the serotonergic antagonists bromolysergic acid diethylamide locally applied and metergoline systemically po significantly att the serotonininduced pressor response fluoxetine a serotonin uptake inhibitor significantly enhanced the magnitude of the pressor response but did not prolong it the present data suggest that enhancement of serotonergic activity in the region of the NTS produces a neurogenic pressor response
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the cardiac and IP vascular adjustments to angiotensin ii microgram kg min iv during high betaadrenergic activity by a continuous isoproterenol infusion microgram kg min iv were examined in anaesthetized atropinized dogs hepatic splenic and left VVI lv volume changes were estimated by an US technique and the blood flow distribution was measured by injecting RM and by EM flowmetry on the caval veins the hepatic artery and the portal vein during isoproterenol infusion angiotensin ii increased the systolic PLV by mmhg and the stroke volume by concomitantly the hepatic and splenic blood volumes declined by and ml respectively and the lv enddiastolic segment length increased by the flow through the VPI caval vein increased by whereas the SVC flow remained unchanged the hepatic arterial flow more than doubled thus at high inotropy by isoproterenol infusion angiotensin ii relocates blood from the liver and the SP towards the heart by activating the frankstarling mechanism cardiac output is increased and conducted through the lower body especially through the HA because of the poor autoregulation of flow through this vessel
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recent research has advanced the understanding of many diseases to a molecular level described here is the case of a teenage girl with proteinuria and primary amenorrhea we present the current knowledge of her underlying disorder frasier syndrome and its genetic basis which are TPS mutations in the wilms tumor gene the findings in frasier syndrome research are contrasted with those of a related disorder denysdrash syndrome which is caused by different mutations in the same gene
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the dnadependent protein kinase dnapk is a trimeric enzyme consisting of a kda catalytic subunit dnapkcs and a heterodimeric RII complex called ku which is comprised of ku and ku kda subunits mutations that affect the expression of the catalytic or ku subunits of dnapk disrupt both vdj recombination and dna dsDNA break repair pathways in this report we show that two previously uncharacterized rodent cell lines that are defective in dna doublestranded break repair express catalytically inactive dnapk the dnapkcs from the dna doublestranded break repair mutant cell lines irs and sx assembles on dsDNA but fails to CF as a protein kinase in addition to the kinase defect the abundance of the dnapkcs from both of these cell lines is reduced relative to wildtype controls these results suggest that the dnapkcs gene from each of these cell lines contains mutations that inactivate the enzymatic activity and the expression or stability of the gene product these data further strengthen the hypothesis that dnapkmediated protein phosphorylation is a necessary component of the dna doublestranded break repair pathway
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potent inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase pnp are expected to act as selective agents against tcell tumours five compounds with guanine three with hypoxanthine and five with deazaguanine all connected by a linker with difluoromethylene phosphonic acid were studied on their GABA potential against human and calf pnps antiproliferative activity of these analogues against lymphocytes as well as lymphoma and leukaemia cells has been also investigated all tested compounds act as multisubstrate analogue inhibitors of pnp with the apparent inhibition constants in the range nm and also show a slight antiproliferative activity analogues with deazaguanine aglycone have better antileukaemic and antilymphoma MICs compared to the guanine and hypoxanthine analogues and applied in the concentration of mum caused a statistically significant decrease in the cell viability in all human leukaemia and lymphoma cells used despite the high pnp inhibitory potential of tested analogues no differences were observed between the effects on the growth of tumour cells sensible to the inhibition of pnp such as human adult tcell leukaemia and lymphoma cells and other investigated cells obtained poor effects on cell proliferation could be explained probably by a poor ability of tested EDC to penetrate cell membranes
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targeted nanocarriers undergo endocytosis upon IB to their membrane receptors and are transported into cellular compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes in gene delivery the genetic material has to escape from the cellular compartments into the cytosol the process of endosomal escape is one of the most critical steps for successful gene delivery for this reason synthetic lipids with fusogenic properties such as dioleoylsnglycerophosphoethanolamine dope are integrated into the nanocarriers in this study we show that a NK plant derived glycoside so from saponaria officinalis l greatly improves the efficacy of lipid based as well as nonlipid based targeted nanoplexes consisting of a targeted k peptide with a nucleic acid IB domain and plasmiddna minicircledna or small interfering rna sirna by confocal live cell imaging and single cell analyses we demonstrate that so augments the escape of the genetic cargo out of the intracellular compartments into the cytosol colocalisation experiments with fluorescence labelled dextran and transferrin indicate that so induces the release of the genetic cargo out of endosomes and lysosomes however the transduction tau of a lentivirus based gene delivery system was not augmented in order to design receptortargeted nanoplexes lpd with improved PET properties so was integrated into the lipid matrix of the lpd the so sensitized lpd lpds were characterized by dynamic CS scattering and transmission electron microscopy compared to their lpd counterparts the lpdsnanoplexes showed a greatly improved gene delivery as shown by differential scanning calorimetry so can be easily integrated into the lipid bilayer of glycerophospholipid model membranes this underlines the great potential of so as a new transfection multiplier for nonviral gene delivery systems
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norepinephrine ne and epinephrine epi concentrations in arterial plasma and in skin tissue were measured chromatographically before and T3 external cooling urethananesthetized rats were cooled either slowly degrees cs or rapidly degrees cs blood samples were drawn three times from each animal before cooling and at a rectal temperature decreased by degrees c and by degrees c skin samples were taken from controls and from rapidly or slowly cooled rats at a rectal temperature lowered by degrees c the resting mean values were degrees c for rectal temperature and ngml for plasma ne and epi and and ngg for skin ne and epi a decrease in rectal temperature by degrees c at rapid cooling produced a fold increase of ne and a fold increase of epi in plasma concomitantly there was a significant decrease in skin ne concentration by and epi by at a rectal temperature decreased by degrees c after slow cooling CA did not NC at unaltered skin ne concentration there was a reduction in skin epi concentration when rectal temperature was lowered by degrees c the increase in plasma ne was virtually the same at both cooling rates and only plasma epi increased more after deep rapid cooling than slow cooling thus the SA system may be differently G1 depending on cooling rate rapid cooling when the dynamic activity of the skin cold receptors is involved in the cold response may provide conditions for an earlier activation of the sympathoadrenal system this may evidence the functional significance of the dynamic activity of the skin cold receptors in the formation of the cold defense responses
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this investigation examined the effect of rioprostil a primary alcohol prostaglandin e analog on betazolestimulated gastric acid secretion and on basal and foodstimulated PP serum gastrin levels in gastric fistula dogs rioprostil inhibited betazolestimulated gastric acid secretion with an ed of microgramskg intragastrically a nearmaximal gastric antisecretory dose microgramskg intragastrically had no effect on basal SS gastrin C2 but significantly attenuated the rapid rise in SS gastrin which follows feeding a result different from that reported for other prostaglandin e analogs a nonantisecretory dose of rioprostil microgramskg intragastrically also att the rise in postprandial SS gastrin an antigastrin effect using a nonantisecretory dose of an antiulcer agent has not been reported previously and may indicate that rioprostil has a direct GABA effect on secretion of gastrin the ability of rioprostil to inhibit GAS and decrease PP peak SS gastrin levels coupled with previously established cytoprotective tau makes it an attractive clinical candidate for the treatment and prevention of PU disease
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UR insertiondeletion rna editing in trypanosomatid mitochondria is a posttranscriptional rna modification phenomenon required for translation of mitochondrial mrnas this process involves guide rnamediated cleavage at a specific site IS or deletion of us from the end of the mrna fragment and ligation of the two mrna fragments the leishmania major rna ligasecontaining complex protein expressed in insect cells has a exoribonuclease activity and was therefore renamed rna editing exonuclease rex recombinant rex specifically trims overhanging us and stops at a duplex region evidence is presented that rex is responsible for deletion of the overhanging us from the bridged mrna cleavage fragment and that rna editing ligase is responsible for the ligation of the two mrna cleavage fragments in udeletion editing the evidence involves both in vivo downregulation of rex expression in trypanosoma brucei by rna interference and the reconstitution of precleaved udeletion in vitro editing with only two recombinant enzymes recombinant rex and recombinant rna editing ligase
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twentynine patients with acute hypercalcemia AA to carcinoma myeloma and parathyroid adenoma have been treated with C1 doses of furosemide mithramycin or salmon calcitonin perfusion with furosemide administration the treatment was successful in of patients furosemide was injected intravenously at the rate of mg every hours with mithramycin perfusion only of patients have a return of the SS calcium C2 to normal with salmon thyrocalcitonin of patients obtained a good result it can be interesting to suggest the association of furosemide and salmon calcitonin infusion to treat hypercalcemia of myeloma
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the epithelioid trophoblastic RT is an unusual type of trophoblastic RT herein we describe a patient with coexisting ETT and CC in the uterus the patient had a PH of hydatidiform mole with recurrent elevation of human chorionic GTH level that is resistant to chemotherapy histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination showed distinctive differences between the trophoblastic PT the OD of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor may be related to the persistence of locally invasive disease which was unresponsive to chemotherapy the patient responded well to surgery the presence of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor should be considered in chemoresistant gestational trophoblast tumor
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it is not clear how escherichia coli o invades human enteric epithelium and causes the HUS hus and nor has the most appropriate treatment of e coli o infection been established verotoxins leucocytes and Th1 cytokines such as tumour necrosis factoralpha tnfalpha interleukin il and il are considered essential for the OD of hus we used the caco cell ML system wellknown as an invitro model of human intestinal infection to determine how e coli o interacts with intestinal epithelial cells and also studied the influence of FOM on the virulence of the bacteria results showed that the e coli o used in this T0 did not penetrate the caco cell monolayer system unlike salmonella typhimurium sl and verotoxin vt but not vt translocated across the system in an invitro conventional CA fosfomycin increased the amount of verotoxins but it did not influence penetration of bacteria and translocation of VTs in the caco cell monolayer system the production of both il a potent neutrophil activator and TNF in the THP-1 thp cell L1 was reduced by fosfomycintreated basolateral medium in this system these results indicate that fosfomycin may be a potent drug for preventing hus caused by e coli o infection
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high consumption of macrolides has been linked to increased macrolide resistance in the common pathogens of respiratory tract infections rtis according to danish recommendations penicillin is the firstchoice treatment for rtis and macrolides should only be prescribed when a patient is allergic to penicillin or for treatment of mycoplasma pneumonias the aim of the present T0 was to explore the prescription of macrolides for different rtis to patients without penicillin allergy in GP in denmark
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glucagonlike peptide NH glp has been shown to enhance insulin secretion in healthy and type ii diabetic humans and to increase gl disposal in type i diabetic patients to further define its action on glucose kinetics we studied six healthy subjects who received either glp pmolkg per h or mm saline on two mornings during which a modified intravenous gl ATT was performed PI and gl levels were analyzed using bergmans minimal MM of gl kinetics to derive indices of insulin sensitivity si and SG sg the latter a measure of glucose disposition independent of changes in insulin in addition basal insulin concentrations the acute insulin response to glucose airg plasma glucagon levels and the Kg kg were measured on the days that subjects received glp or saline compared with saline infusions glp increased the mean kg from to min p the enhanced glucose disappearance seen with glp was in part the result of its insulinotropic effect as indicated by a rise in airg from to pm p however there was also an increase in sg from to x min p which was accounted for primarily by insulinindependent processes viz glucose effectiveness in the absence of insulin there was no significant effect of glp on si or basal insulin and glucagon levels were not different during the GTTs with or without glp thus glp improves glucose tolerance both through its insulinotropic action and by increasing glucose effectiveness these findings suggest that glp has direct effects on tissues involved in glucose disposition furthermore this peptide may be useful for studying the process of insulinindependent glucose disposal and pharmacologic analogues may be beneficial for treating DM
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we hypothesized that the increased vaginal fluid ph and altered vaginal microflora characteristic of BV might predispose young women to introital colonization with escherichia coli and to acute cystitis to evaluate this hypothesis we studied women who presented with acute urinary PS for association of clinically defined bacterial vaginosis and vaginal conditions associated with this syndrome increased vaginal fluid ph absence of lactobacilli and abnormal vaginal fluid gasliquid chromatographic patterns with e coli introital colonization and urinary tract infection escherichia coli introital colonization and urinary tract infection were both significantly more frequent among women with a high vaginal fluid ph an absence of vaginal lactobacilli or an abnormal vaginal fluid gasliquid chromatographic DP characteristic of bacterial vaginosis escherichia coli introital colonization was also more frequent in women with BV these associations and an association of BV and e coli urinary tract infection were strong only among the women who were diaphragm users we conclude that BV or an altered vaginal microflora as reflected by an abnormal gasliquid chromatographic DP characteristic of BV is associated with e coli introital colonization and acute symptomatic urinary tract infection in women who use diaphragms
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transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous tram flap is one of the options in reconstruction T3 breast cancer surgery for breast reconstruction tissue necrosis often occurs in the third and fourth perfusion zones of the flap a T0 was planned to find out the effects of adipose stromal V1 fraction svf cells on viability of tram flap and the exp model was designed to be applicable in clinical practice
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one of the major challenges in PR problems is the feature SE process which derives new features from existing features or directly from raw data in order to reduce the cost of computation during the classification process while improving classifier efficiency most current feature extraction techniques transform the original DP vector into a new vector with increased discrimination capability but lower dimensionality this is conducted within a predefined feature space and thus has limited searching SP genetic programming gp can generate new features from the original dataset without prior knowledge of the probabilistic distribution in this paper a gpbased approach is developed for feature extraction from raw vibration data recorded from a rotating machine with six different conditions the created features are then used as the inputs to a neural classifier for the identification of six bearing conditions experimental results demonstrate the ability of gp to discover autimatically the different bearing conditions using features expressed in the form of nonlinear functions furthermore four sets of resultsusing gp extracted features with artificial neural networks ann and support vector machines svm as well as traditional features with ann and svmhave been obtained this gpbased approach is used for bearing fault classification for the first time and exhibits superior searching SP over other techniques additionaly it significantly reduces the time for computation compared with genetic algorithm ga therefore makes a more practical realization of the solution
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a yearold woman with midperipheral pigmentary changes that resemble retinitis pigmentosa rp is described unlike typical patients with rp her photopic bwave was markedly attenuated as compared with her photopic awave otherwise her electroretinogram erg was typical of patients with early stages of photoreceptor degeneration scotopic and photopic awave amplitudes were reduced about her scotopic ba appeared normal
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the etiology of the vertebral dissecting aneurysms is largely unknown and they frequently occurs in relatively healthy young men objectives and methods a series of consecutive cases defined by angiography were evaluated with regard to deviation in the course of the affected and CL VAs division was into types type i without any deviation type ii with mildtomoderate deviation but not over the midline and type iii with marked deviation over to the CL side beyond the midline results the most frequent type of va running was type iii for the affected and type i nonaffected side with this being found in all patients except one all of the type iii dissections occurred just proximal to a tortuous portion while in cases with typei and typeiiaffected sides the majority of occurred near the union of the vertebral i.a. in of a nondominant side was affected all except one being of type i or ii with recent patients assessed angiographically in detail for hemodynamics eleven patients showed contrast material VA inflowing into the pseudolumen from the distal portion of the dissection site turbulent blood flow was recognized in all of these patients with retrograde inflow conclusions turbulent blood flow is one etiology of vertebral i.a. dissection aneurysms with the CS in the majority of the cases being just proximal to a tortuous portion or union of vessels in cases with dissection proximal to the tortuous course of the vertebral artery VA inflow will occur more frequently than antegrade which should be taken into account in designing therapeutic strategies
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metabolic BL is the most common complication of chronic liver disease however there is little information available about BL in rats with a ligated bile duct a biliarytype of exp cirrhosis MM therefore in this T0 the effect of BDL bdl on bone mineral density bmd and plasma insulinlike growth factori igfi levels was examined in rats two weeks T3 bdl operation the rats with a ligated bile duct showed a pronounced and significant decrease in both trabecular and cortical bmd of the femur in these rats decreases in FI and plasma igfi levels plus elevated levels of AST aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase ALP phosphatase and bilirubin were also observed when the effect of DR or over weeks was then investigated in normal rats food restriction resulted in a significant decrease in femoral trabecular bone density although bmd was unchanged by dietary restriction the plasma levels of igfi were also decreased in foodrestricted rats thus the decrease in FA BD in foodrestricted rats was less potent compared with bdl rats nevertheless the decrease in plasma levels of igfi was almost equally potent in both bdl and foodrestricted rats overall this T0 showed that bdl T0 resulted in a pronounced BL in rats but also that this bone loss might not be merely due to the decreases in FI and plasma igfi levels these results suggest that bdl in rats is a useful exp cirrhosis model for evaluating the bone loss associated with chronic CL disease
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coxsackie and adenovirus receptor car is the primary cellular receptor for group b coxsackieviruses and most adenovirus serotypes and plays a crucial role in adenoviral GT recent discovery of the interaction between junctional adhesion moleculelike protein jaml and car uncovered important PET roles in immunity inflammation and tissue homeostasis crystal structures of jaml ectodomain angstroms and its complex with car angstroms reveal an unusual immunoglobulindomain assembly for jaml and a charged interface that confers high specificity biochemical and mutagenesis studies illustrate how carmediated clustering of jaml recruits phosphoinositide kinase pk to a jaml intracellular CS motif as delineated for the alphabeta t cell costimulatory receptor cd thus car and jaml are cell signaling receptors of the IS with implications for asthma CA and chronic nonhealing wounds
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between january and july patients with primary aldosteronism with cushings syndrome and with a nonfunctioning adrenal tumor underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy at our UH in every patient adrenal RT was removed successfully with adjacent normal adrenal tissue the initial operations were performed without use of an ultrasonic aspirator or argon beam coagulator and the subsequent procedures were done with those items there was no difference between the CG in intraoperative BL or operative time however the PT in the former group were significantly smaller than those of the latter group mean gm versus gm respectively p t test for right PT the argon beam coagulator was useful to resect or coagulate the CL since adrenal PT were sometimes tightly attached to the liver and upward retraction sometimes caused liver laceration in obese patients or those with cushings syndrome the US aspirator was useful to remove RP fat surrounding the adrenal RT without injury to the small vessels the mean hospital stay for these patients days was significantly shorter than that of patients with corresponding adrenal PT undergoing open removal during the last years days p t test in conclusion laparoscopic ADX is feasible for the surgical treatment of primary aldosteronism cushings syndrome and nonfunctioning adrenal PT the ultrasonic aspirator and argon beam coagulator may be useful for laparoscopic ADX
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relaxin and insulinlike peptide insl are peptide hormones with a number of important physiological roles in reproduction regulation of extracellular matrix turnover and cardiovascular CF relaxin and insl mediate their actions through the closely related gprotein coupled receptors relaxin family peptide receptors and rxfp and rxfp respectively these receptors have C1 extracellular domains ecd that contain highaffinity ligandbinding CS within their leucinerich repeat lrrcontaining modules although relaxin can bind and activate both rxfp and rxfp insl can only bind and activate rxfp to investigate whether this difference is related to the nature of the highaffinity ecd IB site or to differences in AA IB sites involving the receptor transmembrane tm domain we created a suite of constructs with rxfp chimeric ecd attached to single tm helices we show that by changing as little as one lrr representing four amino acid substitutions we were able to engineer a highaffinity inslbinding site into the ecd of rxfp molecular modeling of the inslrxfp interaction based on extensive experimental data highlights the differences in the IB mechanisms of relaxin and insl to the ecd of their cognate receptors interestingly when the engineered rxfp ecd were introduced into FL rxfp constructs insl exhibited only low affinity and tau on these receptors these results highlight critical differences both in the ecd IB and in the coordination of the ecdbinding site with the tm domain and provide new mechanistic insights into the binding and activation events of rxfp and rxfp by their native hormone ligands
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the procaine effect on human erythrocytes was investigated by atomic force microscopy afm at three procaine concentrations about x m x m and x m the changes in surface morphology of erythrocyte membrane bring direct evidence on the procaine effect on the cell membrane at micro and nanometer scale afm images of the control erythrocytes without procaine showed a well defined concave donut shape of cells the structure of control erythrocytes membrane is featured by closely packed nanometer size IMPs T3 the incubation of the fresh blood with increasing procaine concentrations a progressive increase in both concave depth and surface roughness of EM was observed the particles granules of the membrane surface increased progressively with increasing procaine concentrations the changes in the surface morphology of EA membrane can be associated with the enlargement of surface granules due to the aggregation of membranous particles within the cell surface and the domain structure formation induced by procaine a C1 number of moderate elevations from nm to almost nm in lateral size were found to be rather uniformly distributed on the surface of whole erythrocytes at low and medium procaine concentrations respectively at the highest procaine concentration the granules of about nm to almost nm lateral size were found to form rows rather well separated these data are in substantial agreement with the published results obtained on membrane models in the presence of procaine
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which animals use their energy better during movement one metric to answer this question is the energy cost per unit distance per unit weight prior data show that this metric decreases with mass which is considered to imply that massive animals are more efficient although useful this metric also implies that two dynamically equivalent animals of different sizes will not be considered equally efficient we resolve this longstanding issue by first determining the scaling of EC per unit distance traveled the scale is found to be m or m where m is the animal mass second we introduce an energyconsumption coefficient ce defined as SE per unit distance traveled divided by this scale ce is a measure of efficiency of swimming and flying analogous to how drag coefficient quantifies aerodynamic drag on vehicles derivation of the energycost scale reveals that the assumption that undulatory swimmers spend SE to overcome drag in the direction of swimming is inappropriate we derive allometric scalings that capture trends in data of swimming and flying animals over orders of magnitude by mass the energyconsumption coefficient reveals that swimmers beyond a critical mass and most fliers are almost equally efficient as if they are dynamically equivalent increasingly massive animals are not more efficient according to the proposed metric distinct allometric scalings are discovered for C1 and small swimmers flying animals are found to require relatively more energy compared with swimmers
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youdas jw keith jm nonn de squires ac and hollman jh activation of spinal stabilizers and shoulder complex muscles during an inverted row using a portable pullup device and body weight resistance j strength cond res we recorded muscle activation normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction mvic during an inverted body weight row using a commercially available portable pullup device surface electromyographic emg analysis was conducted on male and female subjects performing inverted row exercises a pronated grip both feet weightbearing wb b supinated grip both feet wb c pronated grip one leg wb and d supinated grip singleleg wb nine muscles were analyzed a posterior deltoid pd b latissimus dorsi ld c BB bb d lower TR lt e upper trapezius ut f lumbar multifidus lm g middle trapezius mt h lumbar thoracis lth and i RA ra normalized peak emg activity was examined separately for each muscle with repeated measures analysis of variance anova at α post hoc comparisons of emg activation across exercises for statistically significant anovas were conducted with bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons we observed statistically significant differences in emg activation of the ld between supinated and pronated doubleleg wb p condition additionally we found statistical significance in the ut between pronatear effects of age global analyses revealed an increase in the average nonlinearity from fractional anisotropy to radial diffusivity axial diffusivity and mean diffusivity these results suggest that boxcox transformations are a useful and flexible tool to investigate more complex nonlinear effects of age on WG matter integrity and extend the functionality of the boxcox analysis in neuroimaging
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fructosephosphate fp is the preferred effector of the catabolite repressoractivator cra protein of the soil bacterium pseudomonas putida but its ability to bind other metabolic intermediates in vivo is unclear the cra protein of this microorganism crapp was submitted to mobility shift assays with target dna sequences the pfrub promoter and candidate effectors fructosebisphosphate fbp gl phosphate gp and fructosephosphate fp mm fp was sufficient to PR most of the cra protein from its operators but more than mm of fbp or gp was required to free the same complex however isothermal titration microcalorimetry failed to expose any TPS interaction between crapp and fbp or gp to solve this paradox transcriptional activity of a pfrublacz fusion was measured in wildtype and δfrub cells growing on substrates that change the intracellular concentrations of fp and fbp the data indicated that pfrub activity was stimulated by fructose but not by gl or succinate this suggested that crapp represses expression in vivo of the cognate frubka operon in a fashion dependent just on fp ruling out any other physiological effector molecular docking and dynamic simulations of the craagonist interaction indicated that both metabolites can bind the repressor but the breach in the relative affinity of crapp for fp vs fbp is three orders of magnitude larger than the equivalent distance in the escherichia coli protein this assigns the cra protein of p putida the sole role of transducing the presence of fructose in the medium into a variety of direct and indirect physiological responses
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the gaze behaviour of riders during their approach to a jump was investigated using a mobile eye tracking device asl mobile eye the timing frequency and duration of fixations on the jump and the percentage of time when their point of gaze pog was located elsewhere were assessed fixations were identified when the pog remained on the jump for ms or longer the jumping skill of experienced but nonelite riders n was assessed by means of a questionnaire their gaze behaviour was recorded as they completed a course of three MZ jumps five times the speed and timing of the RPA was calculated gaze behaviour throughout the overall RPA and during the last five strides before takeoff was assessed following framebyframe analyses differences in relation to both round and jump number were found significantly longer was spent fixated on the jump during round both during the overall RPA and during the last five stridean and rat csm tissues was confirmed by rtpcr western blot and ihc in the diabetic rat the expression levels of mrna and protein of the trpc and trpc were significantly increased compared to control rats p the change in trpc expression in the diabetic rats was higher than those of the other trpc subunits p the ihc showed that only trpc expression had a higher intensity in the diabetes compared to normal rats p gene transfection with trpcdn into the diabetic rats restored EF to C2 similar to that of normal controls gene expression of trpcdn in csm tissue was confirmed by rtpcr weeks T3 transfection this study demonstrated that trpc channel expression increased in the penile csm cells of diabetic rats the downregulation of trpc with dn form restored erectile function in the diabetic rats the alteration of trpc channel is one of pathophysiology of ed and could be a target for drug OD for ed
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extracellular neuraminidase from actinomyces pyogenes could be isolated by AS precipitation ion exchange chromatography with deae cellulose and gel filtration on ultrogel aca the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately dalton a ph optimum at ph a temperature optimum at degrees c and a km value of x moll with nacetylneuraminlactose as substrate preparative isoelectric focussing of the culture supernatant revealed neuraminidase activity mainly at ph the enzyme activity was not influenced by metalions or edta
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timemated SDRs were administered alltransretinoic acid ra dermally on gestational days through at three dosage C2 and mgkg body weight dams administered ethylenethiourea etu dermally on gestational days to or ra orally on day were used to indicate the strains sensitivity to teratogenesis the chemicals were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide dmso for dermal application or suspended in CO for treatment by gavage the maternal WG pup weight number of resorptions and number of fetuses with gross malformations and skeletalorganlevel anomalies were determined beginning with day dams dermally treated with ra exhibited dermal lesions at the site of application most dams showed vaginal bleeding by day and approximately did not survive to day relative to the dmso control group maternal WG in the dermal ra groups was decreased by approximately at the lowest dose with essentially no weight gain at the intermediate and highdose levels the decrease in average fetal weight at the two higher doses was significant whereas the resorption and malformation frequencies were not significantly increased by dermal treatment with ra without significantly affecting fetal weight or resorption frequency dermal application of etu significantly increased the frequency of skeletal anomalies primarily tail defects p.o. of ra did not increase the malformation frequency nor produce significant maternal or fetotoxic effects in summary treatment of pregnant spraguedawley rats by dermal application of ra dissolved in dmso resulted in significant toxicity to the damabstract truncated at words
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the ci wheat qtype ch zinc finger protein zfp transcription factor subclass has been reported to play important roles in plant stress responses this subclass of zfps has not been studied in hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum and we aimed to identify all members of this subclass and evaluate their responses to different abiotic stresses causing oxidative AS exploiting the recently published wheat draft genome sequence we identified members including homoeologs from a b and d genomes of the ci wheat qtype ch zfps tazfps representing genes evolution analysis revealed that tazfps members are directly inherited from the parents triticum urartu and aegilops tauschii while diverged through neoploidization events this tazfp subclass is responsive to the oxidative stress generator ho and to high light drought AS and flooding most tazfps are responsive to ho HL flooding or drought tazfps were upregulated by at least stresses and were responsive to all stresses tested a C1 number of these tazfps were physically mapped on different wheat draft genome sequences with known markers useful for qtl mapping our results show that the ci subclass of tazfps is associated with responses to different abiotic stresses and that most tazfps or are located on group chromosomes known to be involved in environment adaptation detailed characterization of these novel wheat tazfps and their association to qtl or eqtl may help to design wheat cultivars with improved tolerance to abiotic AS
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the fibretype specific expression patterns of fast and slow isoforms of essential alkali myosin light chains elc was analysed in trained UT and pathological human muscles biopsies from m vastus lateralis of moderately TR and untrained persons as well as highly TR endurance and strength athletes were analysed by in situ hybridization for the expression of the fast elc ff and the slow elc sb we wanted to investigate if changes in the fibretype specific elc mrna DP could be used as markers for training adaptation especially if the mrna of the slow elc sb isoform would appear in type iia fibres as a result of ET baumann et al we found the fastslow elc expression patterns in the fibre types to be remarkably SD physiological AS even high training loads did not affect it no iia MF expressing elc sb mrna were found they could be detected however in pathological muscle samples where fastslow elc patterns not found in normal muscles were frequent our data suggest that in healthy muscles only a subset of the theoretically possible combinations of MHC and CS chain isoforms are expressed at the level of their mrnas
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although parathormone primarily determines normal ionized SS calcium concentration ca over the long term it has little impact in the acute situation nonhormonal changes in ca have been related to acute changes in serum ph but these have been believed small with use of an experimental model of acute one we measured changes in ca and related them to changes in other serum constituents known to affect it all animals studied experienced a decrease in total serum calcium concentration cat changes in cat correlated only with changes in proteinbound calcium concentration cap r p less than or equal to they did not correlate independently with changes in albumin AHG or total protein concentration cap varied as a CF of Al AHG and phosphate concentration and ph according to the equation cap albumin AHG ph phosphate calculated values for cap when this equation was used correlated strongly with observed values for cap r p less than or equal to measured ca increased in the animals early during one and then returned to baseline levels a few animals experienced ionized hypocalcemia ca correlated only with changes in ph r p less than or equal to the calculated response Mw was delta cadelta ph it is concluded that ph has a greater effect on ca than previously recognized the L1 determinant of cat during periods of rapid physiologic change appears to be cap while that for ca is ph
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the SD of the nitrofuran drugs furazolidone NF furaltadone and nitrofurantoin and their tissuebound metabolites aminooxazolidinone aoz SC sc aminomorpholinomethyloxazolidinone amoz and aminohydantoin ah respectively were examined in the muscle of channel catfish following oral dosing mgkg body weight parent drugs were measurable in muscle within h Cmax were found at h for furazolidone ngg and at h for nitrofurazone furaltadone and nitrofurantoin and ngg respectively parent drugs were rapidly eliminated from muscle and tissue concentrations fell below the limit of detection ngg at h peak levels of tissuebound amoz and aoz and ngg respectively were measured at h and of sc and ah and ngg respectively at h tissuebound metabolites were measurable for up to days postdose these results support the use of tissuebound metabolites as target analytes for monitoring nitrofuran drugs in channel catfish
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the CSD and cytoarchitecture of motor nuclei of the cervical spinal cord were studied by using hrp techniques whole mounts and sections in species of salamanders families hynobiidae dicamptodontidae ambystomatidae salamandridae and plethodontidae representing a wide variety of life histories and functional modes of FF the nucleus of the first spinal nerve extends from the level of or slightly caudad to the root of the tenth cranial nerve almost to the ventral root of the second spinal nerve approximately onehalf of this nucleus is situated in the brainstem this anterior extension is longest in bolitoglossine plethodontids the nucleus of the second spinal nerve extends from the root of the first spinal nerve to the dorsal root of the second spinal nerve the nuclei of the first and second spinal SN in all species except bolitoglossines have motor SN arranged in two columns a lateral one containing large spindleshaped cells and a medial one containing pearshaped or polygonal smaller cells the primary dendrites of these lateral and medial cells are parallel and their arborization is relatively narrow in contrast bolitoglossines lack the lateral motor column the nucleus of the first spinal nerve consists only of a medial band of pearshaped and sometimes polygonal cells and the nucleus of the second spinal nerve is a wider band of pearshaped and polygonal cells which are always situated inside the periventricular gray matter the arrangement of the somata in bolitoglossines is less organized and the primary dendrites are less parallel and have a broader arborization than in other salamanders in all species cells in the second spinal nucleus are arranged in a less orderly manner than those in the first all salamanders studied possess a spinal accessory nerve whose motor SN are located in the cervical spinal cord the axons leave the BS with fibers of the VN the rostrocaudal extent of this nucleus differs markedly among species in bolitoglossines the nucleus is more or less restricted to the region of the nucleus of the second spinal nerve in all other species studied the accessory nucleus extends from the obex to the caudal end of the nucleus of the third spinal nerve in the tribe plethodontini the cytoarchitecture of the accessory nucleus is similar to that of the second spinal in desmognathine and hemidactyliine plethodontids as well as in all nonplethodontid species studied the nucleus consists of pearshaped and coneshaped cellsabstract truncated at words
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cerebral cavernous malformations ccms are vascular lesions of the CE nervous system appearing as multicavernous bloodfilled capillaries leading to headache seizure and HS ccm occurs either sporadically or as an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutation of one of the three genes ccmkrit ccmmgc and ccmpdcd surgically resected human ccm lesions have provided molecular and immunohistochemical evidence for a twohit germline plus somatic mutation mechanism in contrast to the equivalent human TT mice heterozygous for a ccm or ccmnull S2 do not develop ccm lesions based on the twohit hypothesis we attempted to improve the penetrance of the MM by crossing ccm and ccm heterozygotes into a mismatch repairdeficient msh background ccmmsh mice exhibit ccm lesions with high penetrance as shown by magnetic resonance imaging and histology significantly the ccm lesions range in size from earlystage isolated caverns to C1 multicavernous lesions a subset of EC cells within the ccm lesions revealed somatic loss of ccm protein IF supporting the twohit mutation mechanism the latestage ccm lesions displayed many of the characteristics of human ccm lesions including hemosiderin deposits immune cell infiltration increased EC cell proliferation and increased ROK activity some of these characteristics were also seen but to a lesser extent in earlystage lesions tight junctions were maintained between ccm lesion endothelial cells but gaps were evident between endothelial cells and basement membrane was defective in contrast the ccmmsh mice lacked cerebrovascular lesions the ccm mouse model provides an in vivo tool to investigate ccm pathogenesis and new therapies
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the efficacy of artemisininbased combination therapy act has been established the objective of the present T0 was to compare the efficacy and safety in the central african republic car of three commercially available artemisininbased combinations artemether lumefantrine al artesunate sulphamethoxypyrazinepyrimethamine assmp and artesunate AQ asaq with those of SP amodiaquine spaq which was the firstline REF treatment in the country from until it was replaced by act in in accordance with changes in international recommendations based on resistance identified in other regions
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azithromycin azm an oral macrolide antibiotic drug was studied for its tau and pharmacokinetics in the treatment of pediatric patients with RT infections the results of the T0 are presented fifteen pediatric patients in an age range between and years were given to mg kg body weight of azm once daily for to days pharmacokinetics of azm in three patients were examined azm concentration in plasma was microgramml at hours T3 final dosing while urine concentration was microgramsml measured during a period between and hours postdosing fourteen patient cases were included in analysis of drug tau for azm azm was found markedly ERP in all seven patients with pneumonia and ERP in all three patients with acute bronchitis two patients with mycoplasmal pneumonia and one patient with tonsillitis in one patient with mycoplasmal bronchitis azm was found slightly effective the efficacy rate was the T0 found one case of side effect moderate diarrhea no laboratory abnormality was documented in conclusion an antibiotic azm was found useful in a treatment of pediatric respiratory tract infections
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male rats g previously adapted to a casein diet were fed diets containing from to of CS and were killed T3 or min FI of rats fed a PFD or a diet containing greater than of casein was depressed within min and remained depressed for up to h depressed FI of rats fed PF diets was accompanied by a rapid reduction in plasma and BB total concentrations of free indispensable amino acids iaa food NI depression among groups fed diets containing in excess of casein was associated with elevated plasma and BB total iaa concentrations compared with those of animals fed diets containing of CS no consistent relationships were observed between food or protein intakes and wholebrain concentrations of hydroxytryptamine hydroxyindoleacetic acid or their sum our results suggest that in animals fed a single diet food intake is depressed if the total concentration of free iaa in BB either falls below a certain critical minimum or exceeds some maximum tolerable level
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the neural tube in the gallotia galloti stage s embryo is already closed at the level of the cervical flexure while caudal closure does not end until s cell proliferation begins shortly T3 the final NT closure being rapid and giving rise by s to a thick ventricular zone cell migration does not start until s initially in the basal SP and forming putative MNs migration in the alar plate does not start until s the appearance of the first neurofilament proteinpositive perikarya coincides with the structural and ultrastructural identification of the neuron although neurofilamentimmunoreactive cells can already be identified inside the ventricular zone finally from s onwards after L1 cell migration has already occurred neuronal maturation continues in situ
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the effects of hypothalamic stimulation on experimental CL injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ccl or dimethylnitrosamine dmn were studied in rats by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase alt activity as an index of acute CL injury electrical stimulation of the VMH vmh in ccltreated rats caused a marked increase in plasma alt activity accompanied by a significant decrease in alt activity in the liver although ccl treatment CT had no significant effect on plasma alt activity a similar effect of vmh stimulation on plasma alt activity was observed in rats treated with dmn another hepatotoxic chemical no such exaggerated effect of vmh stimulation on plasma alt activity was observed after stimulation of the lateral Thy area lh surgical sympathetic denervation of the CL greatly suppressed the increase in plasma alt activity T3 ccl i.t. and vmh stimulation measurement of regional blood flow indicated that vmh stimulation did not produce a significant NC in blood flow to the liver these results suggest that the vmh is involved in the progress of chemicallyinduced liver injury through activation of the sympathetic nerve hepatic nerves possibly by affecting CL metabolism more than the blood flow change to the liver
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the alpha antagonist yohimbine has been shown to dosedependently induce clonic seizures in mice the convulsant effects of yohimbine are not due to alpha antagonism as other alpha antagonists such as rauwolscine and idazoxan did not produce seizures at doses up to mgkg since gabamimetic and excitatory CAA antagonist agents attenuate yohimbineinduced seizures the respective contribution of these systems to the production of yohimbine seizures was investigated the cd dose of yohimbine dose required to produce clonic seizures in of the mice was determined to be mgkg sc the cd dose of nmethyldlaspartic acid nmdla bicuculline and methyldimethoxy ethylbeta carbolinecarboxylate dmcm significantly potentiated the convulsant effects of yohimbine such that the cd dose was decreased from mgkg to and mgkg respectively furthermore the potentiation in the presence of nmdla was significantly greater than either bicuculline or dmcm these results suggest that yohimbineinduced seizures are not only mediated through the impairment of gabaergic transmission but moreover by a possible endogenous enhancement of excitatory amino acid transmission in addition the effects of gabamimetic agents competitive and MK-801 nmda IL-1ra and strychnineinsensitive glycine IL-1ra were compared in the yohimbine bicuculline and nmdlainduced seizure assays
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sealed insideout human red CM LDV prepared by a modified method of steck steck tl in methods in membrane biology korn ed ed vol pp plenum press NY accomplish an atp and mgdependent uphill calcium uptake with a reproducible maximum rate of nmolmg vesicle protein per min under physiological conditions this maximum rate is increased by about in the presence of a HS cytoplasmic AP-1 calmodulin obtained from red cells calcium efflux from insideout vesicles is smaller than nmolmg vesicle protein per min at intravesicular calcium concentrations between and mm in the presence of mg AS calcium uptake is supported by atp itp or utp but not by adp amp or pnitrophenyl phosphate the optimum ph for the process is and the activation energy is kcalmol irrespective of the presence or absence of calmodulin calcium uptake in insideout vesicles is unaffected by ouabain or oligomycin but blocked by low concentrations of lanthanum ruthenium red quercetin and phloretin k and na when compared to choline or li significantly increase AS calcium uptake this stimulation by k and na is independent of that by calmodulin concentrated red cell cytoplasm activates calcium uptake at low soluble proteinmembrane protein ratios while a deactivation of the transport occurs at high cytoplasmmembrane protein ratios a heatlabile cytoplasmic protein fraction antagonizing calmodulin activation can be separated by deaesephadex chromatography based on these findings the regulation of active calcium transport in human CRC is discussed
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fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir has been shown to be a promising tool for identifying the mode of action of drugs however most previous studies have focused on the analysis of fixed or dried cells the measurement of living cells has the advantage of obtaining time series data and the in situ RPA eliminates the need for fixing or drying the cells in this study the potential of livecell ftir method for the ID of the mode of action of drugs was demonstrated four different drugs were tested with two of the drugs having the same mode of action tamoxifen and toremifene and the other two having different modes of action imatinib and doxorubicin live cells were treated in the four drugs at and below the ic level ie the concentration of drug required to inhibit the growth of cells by and the changes to their spectra after the addition of drugs were monitored over a hour period principal component analysis pca of the spectral data shows that drugs with different modes of action are wellseparated while the drugs with the same mode of action are grouped together the results also show that at ic the separation appears to be the clearest at hours for imatinib and tamoxifentoremifene and hours for doxorubicin however at of the ic drug concentration the separation appears to be the best at longer incubation time ie hours for all four drugs in conclusion livecell ftir has shown to be able to distinguish and group spectral signatures of cells treated with drugs of known modes of action T3 a relatively short time of exposure further collection of livecell data would enable an algorithm to be developed for the prediction of the modes of action of novel drugs which can help in the preclinical drug screening process
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we measured the circulating levels of interleukin il in AD tcell leukaemialymphoma atl patients using an ELISA assay the il levels in atl patients median pgml range to pgml were significantly higher than in HCs median pgml range to pgml p or human tlymphotropic virus typei htlvi carriers median pgml range to pgml p among the atl patients the il C2 in the acute or lymphomatype patients were significantly higher than those in the chronictype patients p the il C2 were also higher in the patients with b PS than in those without b PS p and were significantly correlated with increased serum lactate dehydrogenase ldh p and creactive protein crp p and decreased serum albumin p values the patients with elevated il levels had inferior overall survival periods compared to those with normal il C2 p atl is a single disease entity although its clinical features are quite diverse the increased production of cytokines may cause the diversity of clinical features the results of our study indicate that il is one such cytokine
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due to the requirement to minimise exposure to radiation it is desirable to develop nonionising imaging procedures for the analysis of skeletal maturation for forensic age diagnostics in living individuals the present pilot T0 analyses the applicability of ultrasound examinations for the DUE of apophyseal ossification of the iliac crest with REF to the sonographic staging of clavicular ossification the maturation stages of the IC apophysis of male and female subjects aged years were determined ossification stage i occurred in the male subjects at a minimum age of years ossification stage ii was diagnosed in boys at a minimum age of years and in girls at a minimum age of years the earliest observation of ossification stage iii was at a chronological age of years in males and years in females the earliest age of occurrence of ossification stage iv was at least years in male test persons and at least years in female test persons the results obtained should be reassessed in a larger number of cases it is to be expected that US examination of the iliac crest apophysis will become established as a valid and efficient method for forensic age diagnostics in living individuals
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a method for dual staining of MNC cells for lymphocyte phenotypic markers and dna is described the cells were stained with fluoresceinconjugated monoclonal antibodies and then rendered permeable to propidium iodide using saponin propidium iodide stains dna and using flow cytometry Tc analysis of individual lymphocyte subpopulations can be determined saponin acts within min preserves expression of surface antigens and is ERP at all concentrations froct a small monoclonal population and provide unique information about the clone characteristic chromosomal translocations found in various histological types of one and lymphoma can also be detected by southern blot or by polymerase chainreactionbased techniques PCD of point mutations in the ras family of oncogenes may have prognostic importance and permit detection of a monoclonal population in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias viruses may also be involved with leukemia and lymphoma as assays involving molecular genetics became increasingly important in the DUE of these neoplasms greater efforts are needed to improve their technical laboratory and clinical aspects
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testicular feminization syndrome was diagnosed in a mare with aggressive stallion like SMB and a PH of infertility she was found to have a high baseline testosterone concentration suggesting that testicular tissue was present and ovarianlike structures examined by use of transrectal ultrasonography had the appearance typical of testicular tissue although her external female genitalia appeared normal her vagina ended in a blind sac and no cervix or uterus were identified surgery was performed and structures removed from the ABD cavity were determined to be hypoplastic testicles removal of the testicular tissue resulted in complete resolution of her aggressive SMB chromosomal DUE revealed that the mare had xy normal male karyotype Tfm syndrome is a condition characterized by insensitivity of reproductive tissues to androgens during OD because of an abnormality in ARs this androgen insensitivity results in development of normal external female genitalia with high testosteroneact with the tcell accessory molecule cd cd is important in the selection of TA as anticd antibody injected into perinatal mice interferes with this process we previously used a hybrid class i molecule with the alpha alpha domains from ld and the alpha domain from qb and showed that this molecule binds an ldrestricted peptide but does not interact with cddependent cytotoxic t lymphocytes expression of this molecule in transgenic mice fails to negatively select a subpopulation of antild Tc lymphocytes in addition positive selection of virusspecific ldrestricted Tc lymphocytes does not occur we conclude that besides the alpha alpha domains of class i the alpha domain plays an important part in both positive and negative selection of antigenspecific cells
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the purpose of the study was to study the AF of antimicrobial antioxidant defense R2 of nasal secretion lipid peroxidation in patients with curvature of the nasal septum in the early postoperative period methods microbiological immunological assessment of the activity and intensity of phagocytosis nitrous tetrazolium reduction test biochemical study of content diene conjugates ketodienes conjugated trines and schiff bases in the lipid extract of neutrophilic granulocytes statistical results the dynamics of the content PET and biochemical activity of neutrophilic PMNL in nasal washings in individuals who underwent rhinosurgical intervention testifies to the presence of qualitative and quantitative changes in neutrophilic PMNL of the nasal secretion recorded in reactions of oxygendependent metabolism free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection
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the purpose of the present T0 was to design and evaluate a novel wax matrix system containing various ratios of aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer e amce and EC ec as PET polymers in order to achieve the optimal acetaminophen apap PR rate for taste masking a two factor three level full factorial T0 design was used to optimize the ratios of amce and ec and the release of apap from the wax matrix was evaluated using a stationary disk in accordance with the paddle method the disk was prepared by congealing glyceryl monostearate gm a wax with a low melting point with various ratios of polymers and apap the criteria for release rate of apap from the disk at ph and ph were calculated to be more than microgmlxmin and less than microgmlxmin respectively under the assumption that the particle size of spherical matrix should be microm in multiple regression analysis the release of apap at ph was found to increase markedly as the concentration of amce increased whereas the PR of apap at ph decreased as the ec concentration increased even when a high level of amce was incorporated using principle component analysis it was found that the viscosity of the matrix affects the phdependent release of apap at ph and ph furthermore using multiple regression analysis the optimum ratio of apapamceecgm was found to be and the PR pattern of apap from the optimum wax formulation nearly complied with the desired criteria therefore the present study demonstrated that the incorporation of amce and ec into a wax matrix system enabled the AGA PR of apap as a means of taste masking
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this T0 examined the presentation outcome morbidity and mortality of infants who have undergone the stage one norwood procedure for single ventricle reconstruction
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the ID of trichogramma hymenoptera trichogrammatidae species is problematic due to their small size and lack of distinct morphological characters in this study we combined morphological characters of the male genitalia and molecular methods using the mitochondrial COI coi gene as a molecular marker to identify eight species from geographic populations t evanescens westwood t cacoeciae marchal t ostriniae pang et chen t chilonis ishii t japonicum ashmead t brassicae bezdenko t bilingensis he et pang and t dendrolimi matsumura we developed a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism pcrrflp method targeting the mitochondrial coi to distinguish the eight trichogramma species using three restriction enzymes we further analyzed coi fragments from trichogramma species and found that the pcrrflp method could distinguish both intra and interspecific genetic R2 among most of the species using four additional restriction enzymes
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CR function was assessed in mechanically ventilated patients who underwent surgery within an average of days following traumatic spinal cord injury at c a fluid challenge technique was used to derive RA and left VF curves and to assist in choice of therapy from four possible outcome responses both RA and left ventricular stroke work increased but left ventricular SW was still lower than normal in six of patients despite elevation of cardiac filling pressures pulmonary vascular resistance fell but SVR V1 resistance was unchanged following fluid challenge respiratory function including intrapulmonary shunt lungthorax compliance dead space and arterial po and pco were unchanged by fluid administration averaging ml of plasma protein fraction in minutes the bainbridge reflex was inoperative there was no rho between anesthetic agent level or type of neurological deficit and cardiorespiratory CF left VVI CF was impaired so the use of peripheral vasoconstrictors that elevate SVR vascular resistance should be avoided in the management of spinal shock instead myocardial depressants should be reduced and fluid replacement used to optimize cardiac function elevation of CE A-V or pulmonary capillary wedge pressures to mm hg should be used to reverse SH acidosis low A-V po or oliguria before institution of centrally acting inotropic therapy in the management of acute spinal cord injury
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a facultatively anaerobic mesophilic nonmotile nonsporulating bacterium designated strain b was isolated from an anaerobic digester fed with shea cake rich in tannins and aromatic EDC after enrichment on tannic acid the coccoid cells less than microm in diameter occurred in pairs or short chains and stained GP strain b fermented a wide range of carbohydrates cellobiose fructose galactose gl lactose maltose mannitol melibiose raffinose and trehalose grew optimally at ph and had a gc content of mol CS b was closely related to streptococcus gallolyticus acm t a member of the streptococcus bovis rrna cluster with a CS similarity of and a dna hybridization value of mol isolate b hydrolysed TA and decarboxylated GA to pyrogallol traits also observed in s gallolyticus acm t in addition both strains decarboxylated PCA to catechol pcoumaric acid to vinylphenol CA to vinylcatechol and ferulic acid to vinylguaiacol an unsubstituted parahydroxyl group on the BZ ring was required for decarboxylation glucose addition markedly increased the conversion rate as these traits were not described previously emendation of the description of the species streptococcus gallolyticus is proposed
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the present paper proposes a preconcentration procedure for lead determination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry faas it is based on leadii ions SE as BCB bcb complex and its sorption onto diaion hpmg a methacrylic ester copolymer the optimization step was carried out using factorial design and the variables studied were ph shaking time and reagent concentration in the established exp conditions lead can be determinate with a limit of PCD of mugl lead n and a relative standard deviation of for a lead concentration of mugl the accuracy was confirmed by analysis of a certified reference material the stream sediment furnished by national research centre for certified REF materials nrccrm china gbw effect of other ions in the procedure proposed was also studied the method was applied for lead determination in real samples of water tea soil and dust tests of additionrecovery in the experiments for lead determination in water samples revealed that the proposed procedure could be applied satisfactorily for analysis of these samples
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neuronal OD and differentiation is modulated by activitydependent mechanisms that stimulate endogenous neurogenesis and differentiation to promote adaptive survival of the organism studies on bird odor imprinting have shown how sensory stimuli or environmental influences can affect neonatal behavior presumably by remodeling the developing NS it is unclear whether these changes originate from the SNs themselves or from the BB thus we attempted to address this by using an in vitro system to separate the IP SN from their CE connections olfactory neurons from embryonic day gallus domesticus chicks were isolated cultured and exposed to µm amyl acetate or phenethyl alcohol in hr bouts alternated with periods of noodor SE on days and in vitro cells were immunostained for olfactory marker protein neuronspecific tubulin and olfactory gtpbinding protein and tested for odorant sensitivity using calcium imaging while odorant exposure did not result in a significant increase in the overall number of neurons it promoted neuron differentiation a larger proportion of odorantexposed cells expressed olfactory marker protein and the olfactory gtpbinding protein when cell responsiveness was tested using calcium imaging a greater proportion of odorantexposed cells responded to stimulation with µm amyl acetate or PEA thus odorant exposure during OD modulated the developmental trajectories of individual SN resulting in changes in protein expression associated with odorant signaling this suggests that the neuronal changes in the periphery have an important contribution to the overall LT functional changes associated with odor imprinting © wiley periodicals inc
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symmetrically substituted oligophenylenevinylene opv derivatives bearing terminal pnitrophenylhydrazone groups have been prepared and used for the synthesis of dumbbellshaped bispyrazolinofullereneopv systems in these triad arrays the opvtype fluorescence is dramatically quenched as a consequence of ultrafast opvc singlet SE transfer in its turn the fullerene singlet state is quenched by pyrazolinec electron transfer in line with the SMB of the corresponding REF fullerene molecule the occurrence of electron transfer in the multicomponent arrays is evidenced by recovery of fullerene fluorescence at k in chcl and in toluene at k under these conditions the opvc energy transfer is unaffected the rate of this process turns out to be higher for the opv trimer than for the corresponding pentameric opv arrays in PA with energytransfer theory expectations STM stm and scanning force microscopy sfm revealed that the bispyrazolinofullereneopv can selfassemble into ordered layered crystalline architectures on the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite
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rat hepatocytes incubated in HK buffer all na is replaced by k internalize glycoproteins bearing terminal galactose moieties but are not able to deliver them to lysosomes baenziger j u and fiete d j biol chem instead internalized ligand accumulates in a prelysosomal compartments with a density similar to that of BPM we have separated two populations of prelysosomal endocytic vesicles from hepatocytes incubated in high k buffer the vesicle population vrl has a mean density of by sucrose gradient centrifugation and contains functionally active galgalnacspecific receptor which is able to bind intravesicular ligand the vesicle population vl has a mean density of it contains ligand but is deficient in galgalnacspecific receptor when compared to vrl these two vesicle populations appear to arise from intracellular organelles which participate in receptorligand segregation in rat HCs pulsechase experiments indicate that ligand passes from vrl to vl vrl and vl are also detected in HCs incubated in buffers containing physiologic amounts of na however the proportion of ligand found in vl is less than in cells incubated in kcontaining buffer the primary effect of high k buffer is to prevent exit of ligand from vl whereas the accumulation of ligand in vrl is likely AA to the effect on vl membrane protein constituents of vrl and vl were identified by vectorial lactoperoxidase labeling using a galactosyl conjugate of lactoperoxidase vesicles containing gallactoperoxidase were isolated and labeling initiated by addition of i gl and glucose oxidase the labeling patterns for vrl and vl by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were distinct from the more complex labeling pattern obtained at the cell surface analysis by twodimensional electrophoresis demonstrated a highly selective labeling pattern with only a small number of differences between vrl and vl this suggests that the major membrane components of the compartments prior to and following receptorligand segregation are the same thus receptors may be selectively removed from these CM during the process of receptorligand segregation
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TR muscle hoffman h reflexes were obtained to investigate the neural adaptations induced by a wk strength training regimen based solely on eccentric contractions of the shoulder muscles twentynine healthy subjects were randomized into an eccentric training group n and a REF group n the eccentric training program consisted of nine training sessions of eccentric exercise performed over a wk period hreflex recruitment curves the maximal m wave mmax maximal voluntary contraction mvc force rate of force OD rfd and electromyographic emg voluntary activity were recorded before and T3 training h reflexes were recorded from the middle part of the trapezius muscle by electrical stimulation of the c C2 SN mmax was measured by electrical stimulation of the accessory nerve eccentric ST resulted in significant increases in the maximal TR muscle h reflex hmax p mvc force p and rfd p while no significant changes were observed in the reference group mmax remained unchanged in both CG a significant positive rho was found between the change in mvc force and the change in emg voluntary activity in the training group r p these results indicate that the net excitability of the trapezius muscle hreflex pathway increased after wk of eccentric training this is the first T0 to investigate and document changes in the trapezius muscle h reflex following eccentric ST
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this paper examines the quality of age reporting on death certificates of elderly africanamericans by L1 causes of death we utilize a sample of death certificates linked to early census records and to social security administration records to establish a true age at death we then examine the patterns predictors and consequences of age misreporting for major causes of death we find a DP of greater age misreporting among females identify educational BG as a key predictor of accurate age reporting and show that mortality crossovers are eliminated for most causes of death when more accurate age data are used
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experimental data on the mean activity coefficient of cacl in naclcacl mixtures at ionic strengths below m have been used to prepare a table of activity coefficients for ca in solutions of physiological interest the establishment of an empirical calcium ion activity scale is discussed and a number of possible assumptions are examined the assumption gamma gamma is suggested as being the simplest with a theoretical basis
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fibrinogen fragment d prepared in the presence of calcium ions fragment dca shows qualitatively similar crosslinking patterns with dimethyl suberimidate DMA and tetranitromethane fragment d prepared in the presence of edta fragment dedta gives a consistently different DP with these reagents in the case of fragment dedta there is much more intermolecular crosslinking suggesting that the loss of the cterminus of the gammachain remnant results in fragment d adopting a more open conformation neither the addition of m urea nor edta to fragment dca alters its crosslinking DP suggesting that the proposed conformational change follows cleavage of a plasmin susceptible bond which is normally protected by the presence of calcium ions
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resistance to thyroid hormone rth is an inherited syndrome of reduced tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormone t caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta trbeta the index patient of the family reported here a yearold woman came to medical attention because of a diffuse goiter short stature and learning disabilities biochemical tests revealed an elevated free t of ngdl a t of ngdl and a nonsuppressed tsh of mul administration of exogenous t or t did not result in the usual tsh suppression prompting the clinical diagnosis of rth her father and one of her brothers also had clinical and PSA findings consistent with rth direct CS analysis of the trbeta gene revealed a heterozygous transition ag in exon resulting in substitution of methionine by leucine ml this novel receptor mutant has a reduced affinity for t approximately of normal and dominant negative properties that are similar in comparison to other rth mutations the index patient had a normal pregnancy and delivery at birth the female neonate had no goiter a significantly elevated t and increased tsh the diagnosis of rth was confirmed by sequencing the trbeta gene she was underweight at birth and her length was between the th and th percentile at months her height remained at the th percentile but her BA was months suggesting mild HT at the level of the bone in contrast increased heart rate and restlessness are consistent with HT in other tissues such as the heart and possibly the BB
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to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying CL carcinogenesis induced by aberrant activation of wnt pathway we isolated the target genes of betacatenin from mice exhibiting constitutive G1 betacatenin in the liver adenovirusmediated expression of oncogenic betacatenin was used to isolate early targets of betacatenin in the CL suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the leukocyte cellderived chemotaxin lect gene as a direct target of betacatenin northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that lect expression is specifically induced in different mouse models that express G1 betacatenin in the liver lect expression was not activated in livers in which hepatocyte proliferation was induced by a betacateninindependent signal we characterized by mutagenesis the leftcf site which is crucial for lect activation by betacatenin we further characterized the chemotactic property of lect for human neutrophils finally we have shown an upregulation of lect in human liver PT that expressed aberrant activation of betacatenin signaling these tumors constituted a subset of HCC carcinomas hcc and most of the hepatoblastomas that were studied in conclusion our results show that lect which encodes a protein with chemotactic properties for human neutrophils is a direct target gene of wntbetacatenin signaling in the liver since hcc develops mainly in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis induced by viral or inflammatory factors understanding the role of lect in CL carcinogenesis is of interest and may lead to new therapeutic perspectives
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rats are protected against NI of toxic diets by specific evolutionary prepared behavioral adaptations NI of potentially dangerous novel food is reduced by neophobia the taste signal is stored for several hours in a STM file from which it gradually emerges in form of a permanent gustatory engram labeled as safe when there are no adverse effects of feeding or as aversive when visceral PS of poisoning appear in the critical postingestion interval the experimental evidence reviewed indicates that positive labeling manifested by attenuation of neophobia requires intact higher brain functions whereas the aversive experience manifested by conditioned taste aversion is recorded even under deep coma the biological significance of the different neural mechanisms underlying the above forms of gustatoryvisceral associations is discussed
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pandoraea sp strain mcb was isolated as an emerging CB degrader from a functionally SD bioreactor where species succession had occurred in this T0 two gene clusters encoding CB metabolic functions have been cloned within the cbs gene cluster cbsa and cbsb are similar to the chlorobenzene dioxygenase and the cischlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase in ralstonia sp js and shown to transform chlorobenzene to chlorocatechol the clc gene cluster shows strong similarity to the clc genes of ralstonia sp js and encodes chlorocatechol dioxygenase clca and other enzymes which catalyze the conversion of chlorocatechol to oxoadipate the Km k m values of clca for catechol methylcatechol and chlorocatechol were determined as and mum respectively cbsx a putative transport protein present in the cbs cluster of CS mcb but not in those of other chlorobenzene degraders shows and identities to two previously identified transport proteins involved in toluene Kd tbux from ralstonia pickettii pko and todx from pseudomonas putida f the presence of the transport protein in strain mcb likely provides a mechanistic explanation for its higher chlorobenzene affinity and may well be the basis for the competitive advantage of this stprocess was effective to improve gelforming ability of striped catfish fpi gels contained the lower total sulfhydryl content indicating the greater extent of disulfide bond formation as compared to that of washed mince the fpi gels showed higher breaking force but lower deformation values than w and alkaliwashed aw gels addition of nacl improved deformation but adversely affected breaking force of fpi gel whiteness of fpi gel increased with nacl addition
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a distinguishing aspect of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy sbma is its androgendependence possibly explaining why only males are clinically affected this disease which impairs NM CF is linked to a polyglutamine expansion mutation in the androgen receptor ar in mouse models of sbma motor dysfunction is associated with pronounced defects in NM transmission including defects in evoked transmitter release quantal content qc and fiber membrane excitability based on the resting membrane potential rmp however whether such defects are androgendependent is unknown thus we recorded synaptic potentials intracellularly from AD MF of transgenic tg arq male mice castrated presymptomatically although castration largely protects both qc and the rmp of SF correlating with the protective effect of castration on motor function significant deficits in qc and rmp remained surprisingly comparable defects in qc and rmp were also observed in presymptomatic arq males indicating that such defects emerge early and are preclinical exposing asymptomatic tg females to androgens also induces both motor dysfunction and comparable defects in qc and rmp notably asymptomatic tg females also showed significant deficits in qc and rmp albeit less severe supporting their preclinical nature but also raising questions about the androgendependence of preclinical symptoms in summary current evidence indicates that disease progression depends on androgens but early pathogenic events may be triggered by the mutant ar S2 independent of androgens such early androgenindependent disease mechanisms may also be relevant to females carrying the sbma S2
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interferon gamma Th1 transcriptionally activates several earlyresponse genes in monocytes that are important for the ultimate phenotype of the activated macrophage one of these genes is the highaffinity fc receptor for igg fc gamma ri recently pearse et al pearse rn feinman r ravetch j v proc natl acad sci usa defined within the promoter region of the fc gamma ri gene an PE the gamma response region which was necessary for ifngammainduced enhancement of fc gamma ri in this report we describe the induction by Th1 of a dnabinding factor fcrf gamma fc gamma ri dnabinding factor ifngamma induced that specifically recognizes the gamma response region element electrophoretic mobility shift assays emsas demonstrated the presence of fcrf gamma in THP-1 within min T3 exposure to Th1 on emsa fcrf gamma consisted of two complexes termed fcrf gamma and fcrf gamma the nuclear concentration of fcrf gamma rapidly increased peaked at min and then fell after hr doseresponse studies revealed i as little as ng of ifngamma per ml induced fcrf gamma ii maximum activation occurred at ngml and iii steadystate levels of fc gamma ri mrna closely paralleled that of fcrf gamma since fcrf gamma was G1 in cells normally not expressing fc gamma ri rna other regulatory mechanisms must control fc gamma rirestricted tissue expression activation of fcrf gamma by Th1 was inhibited by pretreatment with nm staurosporin and microm phenyl arsine oxide these data suggest that a kinase and possibly a phosphatase activity are required for ifngammainduced signaling of fcrf gamma in monocytes
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background methods and results syncope and seizures are often indistinguishable clinically we present a series of patients diagnosed as having epilepsy despite normal or nonspecific electroencephalographic findings of patients were treated or offered treatment with LT anticonvulsant agents subsequently diagnoses of arrhythmic or neurally mediated syncope were made in all patients using holter monitoring longterm ambulatory loop electrocardiographic recording or tilttable studies arrhythmias included torsades de pointes four patients atrioventricular nodal reentrant SVT ART one patient and sinus arrest two patients the remaining five patients had NMS with SH and bradycardia including asystole in two patients treatment for the documented cardiovascular abnormalities resulted in the alleviation of syncopal PS
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