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diagnosis of CBF hemorrhage as a cause of death is often difficult when HB are in a highly decomposed state postmortem imaging can be useful for estimating cause of death in CH cases but the effects of decomposition on imaging findings have not been well studied we report here two cases in which preautopsy computed tomography ct accurately detected cerebral hemorrhage in highly decomposed HB and consequently allowed for careful autopsy dissection we found that the ct attenuation value of hematoma remained high in intracranial hemorrhagic lesions probably due to a postmortem increase in the density of hematomas the high contrast against the BG parenchyma enabled the hematomas to be discriminated from the surrounding CBF parenchyma even in considerably decomposed HB however dispersion and breakdown of the hematomas over time with decomposition appeared to result in contrast reduction in such cases hematomas may be missed or their size underestimated on ct thus a comprehensive RPA involving autopsy is necessary to determine cause of death for highly decomposed HB
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leg length discrepancy may occur following total hip arthroplasty with a potentially impaired PET outcome as a result the aim of this T0 was to compare the leg length discrepancy between both cemented and uncemented femoral stems when used in total hip arthroplasty a prospective radiological study of consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties was performed between june and december pre and postoperative radiographs were analysed of the total hip arthroplasties where an uncemented FA stem was used had a LLD over cm however only of the total hip arthroplasties with a cemented femoral stem had a leg length discrepancy over cm the use of cemented FA stems in total hip arthroplasty results in a lower incidence of LLD with a potentially better PET outcome
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TI nephritis and uveitis tinu syndrome is characterized by a combination of idiopathic acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis krebs von den lunge kl is a human glycoprotein secreted by type ii alveolar cells in the lung and its serum C2 increase in patients with pneumonia of various causes as well as ocular sarcoidosis the aim of the present study is to quantify SS kl C2 in patients with tinu syndrome which has no pulmonary and sarcoid lesions and elucidate the usefulness of kl for the diagnosis and followup of this syndrome
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nucleotide nt CS of the C1 subunit ls gene of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylaseoxygenase from the green alga chlamydomonas moewusii and mapping of transcription ends was achieved by two new strategies the deduced ls sequence of CAA residues was compared with similar genes from six other species cyanobacteria land plants and a related alga c reinhardtii the most conserved regions are the three ribulose bisphosphate IB CS and the co activator site the nt CS conservation outside the coding region is limited to only three segments within the flanking region a region of TRs tataa box and ribosomebinding site termination point of transcription is an a residue to the first of two nt inverted repeats which has the potential to form a stemloop hairpin structure the possible role of these potential RII features for transcription and translation and similar structures in other ls genes is presented
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lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon are generally a component of a diffuse degenerative process involving the subacromial space including the rotator cuff bursa biceps tendon and possibly the AC joint as such surgical approaches should be designed to treat each component not restricting the surgery to a biceps tenodesis on occasion bony injury directly to the bicipital groove may result in an inflammatory process in the tendon or even dislocation of the tendon if there was damage to the lesser tuberosity and subscapularis tendon in these patients biceps tenodesis and CAL excision is advised the entity of a subluxating biceps tendon without damage to the lesser tuberosity or subscapularis is a diagnosis that we are unable to reliably arrive at it appears that most patients with biceps instability have combined tuberosity or rotator cuff injury allowing the tendon to migrate medially ruptures of the long head of the biceps are generally associated with RC disease but a localized process AA to trauma or injections may account for some ruptures nearly all are managed conservatively but the patient is followed closely and forewarned regarding possible rotator cuff degeneration in young patients a more aggressive approach including shoulder arthrography and early repair if a cuff tear is noticed would be recommended if one would hopefully arrest the degenerative process
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the present report considers two questions which patients should be monitored routinely and the interpretation of antenatal cardiotocography during months patients with risk pregnancies were monitored with antenatal ctg most of them were daily registered one hundred and seventeen showed pathological ctg changes the ctg patterns were put into four classes according to the degree of seriousness a comparison between high risk and low risk pregnancies showed that nearly all abnormal ctgs occurred in the high risk group within the high risk group patients with essential hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation had pathological ctg changes in the T0 shows that high risk pregnancies should be monitored regularly at short intervals to allow early diagnosis of FD the value of routine ctg in low risk pregnancy can be questioned
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a course of hepamerz treatment intravenous drip infusions followed by p.o. for days was tried in patients with hepatic cirrhosis to clarify hepamerz effects on hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia which were judged by blood ammonium levels and time of psychomotor tests all the patients responded fasting ammonium C2 reduced in after meal in of patients improved their psychomotor parameters transient nausea as a side effect occurred in patients
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the interactions between rb corneal epithelium and endothelium were investigated in an OC MM using scanning electron microscopy and correlative LM following mechanical removal of corneal endothelium corneal epithelium was observed to migrate across the cut surface of the corneal stroma and onto the denuded descemets membrane after hours in OC by hours a distinct line of contact between the migrated epithelium and EC was established following epithelialendothelial contact no cellular migration occurred corneal EC inhibition of epithelial migration may be a L1 factor in the prevention of surface epithelial invasion and proliferation following surgery and trauma
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normalization of quantitative reverse transcriptionpcr qrtpcr data to appropriate tissuespecific reference genes is an essential part of interpreting the results this T0 aimed to determine the most appropriate reference genes for normalizing gene expressions in lymphatic tissue represented by nonneoplastic lymph NO and diffuse large bcell lymphomas by using statistical software applications genorm and normfinder in addition we wanted to validate the usefulness of paraffinembedded samples for qrtpcr studies by investigating gene expressions of relevant target genes in paired frozen and paraffinembedded samples moreover we studied the impact of amplicon sizes on the efficiency of qrtpcr in paraffinembedded tissues six putative REF genes were tested for stability of expression in pairs of snapfrozen and formalinfixed paraffinembedded lymph NO and lymphomas the genes were ranked according to their suitability as REF genes according to both statistical approaches betaglucoronidase was the single most appropriate REF gene in both snapfrozen and paraffinembedded samples tata boxbinding MRP and abelson mu one viral oncogene homolog gene were also highly ranked by both programs in addition we measured the relative expressions of target genes by qrtpcr using pcr primerprobes with amplicon sizes up to bases the rho coefficient for expression measured in matched frozen and paraffinembedded samples was p after normalization with the AGA reference genes thus we show that formalinfixed paraffinembedded lymphoid samples are suitable for qrtpcr when using thoroughly validated reference genes
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two deoxyuridines as new building blocks for automated dna synthesis carry a small aryltetrazole as photoclickable group at their psweptsource optical coherence tomography angiography ssocta we studied twentynine eyes of esrd patients by ophthalmologic examination and ssocta before and after haemodialysis the colourcoded perfusion density maps were generated and perfused vessel density was calculated changes in SVR and other ocular parameters such as retinal and choroidal thickness were measured and analysed total perfused vessel density decreased significantly T3 haemodialysis in the choriocapillaris it was not significantly different in the superficial capillary plexus scp and the deep capillary plexus dcp total ct decreased significantly but total retinal thickness was not significantly different there was no significant correlation between choriocapillaris perfused vessel density and ct the reduction in choriocapillaris perfused vessel density correlated with the decrease in systolic and MAP BPs the decrease in ct correlated with the UF volume there were no significant SVR and ocular AF affecting NC in retinal thickness and perfused vessel density of scp and dcp this is the first T0 to assess the effect of haemodialysis on blood flow changes using ssocta changes may be more prominent in the choroidal compared to the retinal layer
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objective the aim of the present T0 was to assess health sector other sector and timerelated productivity costs associated with hereditary haemochromatosis from societal government and patient perspectives for the australian setting methods a national webbased survey of people with haemochromatosis was conducted between november and february participants completed a health survey and resource use diaries costs were calculated using a bottomup RPA and calculated in australian dollars results cost data were available for participants from a societal perspective the estimated annual cost of haemochromatosis was amillion the mean confidence interval cost for symptomatic patients was almost threefold greater than that of asymptomatic patients a vs a respectively health sector and productivityrelated time loss were the main cost drivers when extrapolating costs to the australian population level asymptomatic haemochromatosis accounted for higher costs than symptomatic haemochromatosis amillion vs amillion reflecting the low clinical penetrance estimate used total costs increased when higher clinical penetrance estimates were used conclusion the present costofillness study the first to be published for HFE found that although costs were substantial they could be decreased by reducing clinical penetrance development of costeffective strategies to increase early diagnosis is likely to result in better health outcomes for patients and lower total costs what is known about the topic to date no costofillness study has been conducted for haemochromatosis previous economic work in this area has relied on cost estimates based on expert opinion what does the paper add this paper provides the first cost estimates for haemochromatosis for the australian population these estimates calculated using a bottomup RPA were extrapolated to the population level based on the most robust epidemiological estimates available for the australian population what are the implications for practitioners population screening programs have been widely suggested as an approach to reduce clinical penetrance however the lack of highquality economic analyses has been cited as a barrier to implementation the present T0 provides the most robust cost estimates to date which may be used to populate economic models in addition the present study illustrates that reducing clinical penetrance of HFE is likely to result in substantial reductions in cost
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CE venous cannulation is an essential part of patient management in a variety of clinical settings the complications of cannulation may be as high as per cent and include arterial puncture PTX hemothorax cardiac tamponade hematoma malposition of catheter nerve injury and death standard technique for placement of central A-V catheters is by use of a blinded external landmarkguided technique success rates and complication rates vary according to the technique employed ultrasound use in general surgery has gained popularity and is now readily available in most operating suites a prospective T0 was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasoundguided placement of CE venous access devices ultrasound guidance was used to place CE A-V ports for chemotherapy in patients catheters were placed using a handheld ultrasound mhz linear probe aloka wallingford ct with the seldinger technique the internal jugular vein was used as the primary site accurate placement within the superior VC was confirmed with fluoroscopy all procedures were performed under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation the data analyzed included length of procedure complications and success rates the right internal jugular vein was used in all but of our patients in of those patients the left internal jugular was chosen initially in the other anatomical SCV were discovered requiring a modification of technique to cannulate the right internal jugular vein overall ultrasound led to a change in management in per cent of patients the average time for placement was T2 range T2 there were no failures in placement or misplacement of the catheters PCD of anatomy prior to venipuncture and direct realtime visualization are the keys to success with ultrasound guidance this study shows that placement of central venous catheters using ultrasound guidance may be done in a timely manner while minimizing risks and maximizing success
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in order to investigate the DU motor response to continuous enteral FF during critical illness we recorded the duodenal contractions of MV critically ill patients during a h fasting period immediately followed by another h period of continuous kcalh nasogastric feeding with a polymeric diet DU motility was recorded by manometry perfused catheter technique and the MMCs mmc were identified by their activity front period of high frequency regular contractions the incidence and the mean duration of activity fronts as well as the mean duration of the mmc time interval separating two successive activity fronts recorded during both periods were compared the incidence of activity fronts fasting median interquartile range FF median IQ range their duration fasting min FF min and the mean duration of the mmc fasting min feeding min were similar during both periods we conclude that in these patients the fasting DP of motility is not interrupted by the continuous nasogastric administration of a polymeric diet since the activity fronts of the mmcs are highly propulsive we suggest that their abnormal persistence during e dopamine PR presumably through those expressed at the dopaminergic nerve terminals or through those expressed at glutamatergic nerve terminals in the nucleus accumbens
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delivery of micrograms of cholera toxin ct a specific irreversible activator of cya via the blood causes dilation of capillaries and stromal edema of the CP these morphologic changes occur within h are maximal at to h then gradually return to normal by h in the late phase of hypotony ultrastructural changes in the ciliary epithelia similar to greeff vesicles are due to a paracentesis effect from hypotony caused by decreased aqueous flow through the eye delivery of micrograms of the b subunit of ct subb causes very mild capillary dilation and stromal edema of ciliary processes these changes reach their peak at h then return to normal at h no significant damage occurred to the pigmented or nonpigmented epithelium with either agent no hemorrhage invasion of inflammatory cells or appearance of fibrin exudates in the ciliary processes could be detected
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the characteristics and functions of microbial iga PRs are reviewed these enzymes represent a structurally heterogeneous group of proteins that are secreted into the extracellular environment by bacteria capable of causing human disease the iga proteases which vary in their requirements for metal ions are neutral endopeptidases whose role in the infectious process is not known but whose pronounced ATP specificity for human proteins of the iga subclass has repeatedly been demonstrated as reagents the iga proteases are useful in cleaving iga molecules to yield intact fc alpha and fab alpha fragments that will allow the study of the structure and function of the two large regions of iga immunoglobulin proteins the role if any of these enzymes in promoting infection by pathogenic members of the genera neisseria hemophilus and streptococcus is not known although the secretory immune system is primarily mediated by antibodies of the iga isotype among which are iga subclass proteins and these proteins are susceptible to cleavage by iga protease the determination of the role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of human infection must await clearer understanding of antigenicity and antibody CF at sec CS and of the relative roles of the two subclasses of human iga in immune defense
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using P0 and adult rats we tested the correlation between aminoglycoside dose resultant SS and renal cortical concentrations and nephrotoxicity evidenced by creatinine in SS and urine nacetylglucosaminidase and beta microglobulins in urine and sphingomyelinase in renal cortical tissue our data reveal that aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is clearly more evident in adult rats despite significantly lower drug SS concentrations and in the presence of substantially higher renal cortical concentrations these data indicate that high aminoglycoside serum concentrations are not causing nephrotoxicity but rather reflect AA body accumulation of the drug associated renal damage
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in previously conducted some studies it has been revealed that nitric oxide no and nitric oxide synthase nos system play a significant role in carcinogenesis nitric oxide no is regulated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos enzyme which is one of the isoenzymes of no synthase nos in this study we have tried to come to a conclusion about whether enos gene t c gt and intron vntr ab polymorphisms might be considered as a risk factor causing prostate CA pca or not a total of subjects were included in this research patients with pca mean age ± and HCs mean age ± were recruited in this casecontrol T0 genomic dna was extracted using the qiaamp dna blood mini kit qiagen gmbh maryland usa according to the manufacturers guidelines the tc gt and intron vntr ab polymorphisms were amplified using polymerase chain reation pcr detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp for t c polymorphism cc genotype odds ratio or confidence interval ci p and allele frequency or ci p is significant for control in patients with pca enos gt polymorphism both gt or ci p and tt or ci p genotype distribution and also t S2 frequency or ci p were considered significant statistically while genotype distribution for the other polymorphism enos intron vntr ab is insignificant statistically a allele frequency was found out to be significant or ci p in this T0 we indicated that TT and allele frequencies of enos t c and gt polymorphisms are statistically significant in patients with pca enos t c and gt polymorphisms may be associated with pca susceptibility in the turkish population in contrast intron vntr ab polymorphism may not be related to pca susceptibility in these patients
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we investigated the inhibitory effects of the autolysate of leuconostoc mesenteroides a LAB isolated from sake mash on melanogenesis in bf murine melanoma cells and a human skin MM the autolysate induced a decrease in melanin content in bf murine melanoma cells and a and decrease in the human skin MM by the application of and mgtissue in total decreased tyr activity to and of control in bf cells with and mgmlmedium respectively but did not inhibit tyr activity under cellfree conditions decreased amount of tyrosinase in a dosedependent manner from with mgml to with mgml and decreased amount of tyr mrna to with mgmlmedium as the decrease in tyr mrna levels could not fully account for the reduction in protein we suggest that the autolysate had posttranscriptional effects rather than transcription inhibition our results indicate that the autolysate of l mesenteroides has potential therapeutic use as an effective antimelanogenic agent
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when surgical intervention becomes necessary in the treatment of a patient with isolated PF arthritis the primary alternatives to arthroplasty are tubercle anteriorization or anteromedialization patellectomy and cartilage transplantation the relative merits of these options should be discussed with each patient there must be healthy CE and PT patella cartilage in order to expect a good result from a tibial tubercle anteriorization patellectomy leaves a welldefined PET deficit and therefore is better to avoid whenever possible although relief of pain T3 patellectomy can be substantial cartilage resurfacing of the trochlea is an attractive alternative combining a resurfacing procedure with decompression of the joint by anteromedial or anterior tibial tubercle transfer should help protect the resurfaced area replacement of the patellofemoral joint properly done on a well aligned extensor mechanism is most attractive when both patella and trochlea are deficient or when an alternative procedure is unacceptable
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rack RACK1 is a scaffold protein for different kinases and membrane receptors previously we characterized an agedependent decline of rack protein expression which could be counteracted with dhea dehydroepiandrosterone corsini e et al in vivo dehydroepiandrosterone restores ageassociated defects in the protein kinase c signal transduction pathway and related functional responses j immunol and corsini e et al agerelated decline in rack expression in human WBCs is correlated to plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone j leukoc biol hypothesizing a direct control of rack expression by dhea we studied the not yet characterized human promoter region of its coding gene gnbl the floe fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide extension was used to map the transcription start site and a novel gateway luciferase vector gw luc basic del vecchio i zuccotti a canneva f lenzken sc racchi m OD of the first gateway firefly luciferase vector and use of reverse transcriptase in floe fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide extension reactions plasmid to obtain promoter region mutants human shsyy thp and LCL were used for transient transfections and treatments with lipopolysaccharide lps phorbol myristate acetate pma dhea and cortisol the first two molecules to differently activate nfkb a transcription complex able to regulate the murine gnbl mRNA whereas dhea and cortisol since they are known to be imbalanced during the aging and possess counteracting actions on the immune CF the primer extension demonstrated the existence of two alternative start CS of transcription respectively located at about and nt of the genbank mrna entry for gnbl moreover as a result of the luciferase T0 we were able to demonstrate that a little region of approximately nt conserved sufficient elements for reporter expression we also reported that the dhea modulation of gnbl endogenous expression could not be recapitulated with the luciferase assays indeed the promoter was significantly modulated by means of lps and pma treatments but not using dhea differently the use of cortisol led us to demonstrate a biologically significant decrease of luciferase activity only in the presence of a IB site for nuclear receptors of GCs interestingly other binding sites for transcriptional factors were identified in silico different crel nfkb and some cardiomyocitic TPS cisacting elements all this data suggest that the dhea mediated gnbl regulation is modulated by distant elements enhancerssilencers whereas lps pma and cortisol effect can act directly on the mapped gnbl promoter in conclusion we hypothesize that the imbalance between dhea and cortisol during aging could be important in the previously demonstrated recovery of the rack expression
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we have investigated the importance of sequences downstream to the tata box of an immunoglobulin promoter by transfection and in vitro transcription assays a CS from to with respect to the transcriptional start site was synthesised by a procedure allowing for random misincorporation of nucleotides the pool of mutant oligonucleotides was cloned into the respective position of a vector carrying a fusion of a synthetic immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter with the human growth hormone gene from clones sequenced were mutants with at least DR1 exchange in every position whereas most mutations are of minor functional importance changes at or near the transcriptional start site reduce the promoter activity considerably
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nineteen healthy young AD males with normal voice and speech attempted to sustain the vowel u at a constant pitch target hz and a constant and comfortable loudness level while receiving a sudden mechanical perturbation to the larynx thyroid prominence via a servocontrolled probe the probe moved toward or away from the larynx in a rampandhold fashion mm MSD n force ms rise time ms duration as the subjects attempted to maintain a constant probelarynx pressure eighty stimuli were applied in each direction one CS- per phonation pairs of surface electromyography emg electrodes were attached to the skin of the anterior neck over laryngeal infralaryngeal and supralaryngeal areas the rectified emg signals the Vc analog of the voice fundamental frequency vaf and the voltage analog of the probe displacement were digitized and signalaveraged relative to the ON of the CS- sudden perturbation of the larynx induced an instantaneous decrease or increase in vaf depending on the direction of the probes movement and a shortlatency increase in the emg ms and vaf ms we argue that the instantaneous vaf NC was related to a mechanical effect and the shortlatency vaf and emg changes to reflexogenic effectsthe latter most likely associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal sensorimotor mechanisms further physiological studies are needed to elucidate the sources of the vaf and emg responses once elucidated the present method may provide a powerful noninvasive tool for studying laryngeal neurophysiology the theoretical and clinical implications of the present findings are addressed
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the in vitro antifungal MICs of two phenothiazine ptz EDC trifluoperazine tfp and chlorpromazine cpz separately and in combination with amphotericin b amb were tested against eight fungal isolates known to be possible agents of rhinocerebral zygomycosis while both ptzs individually had antifungal effects against these filamentous fungi only the antifungal activity of tfp increased in presence of amb tfp and amb acted synergistically and caused full inhibition of all strains tested except for absidia glauca in contrast cpz was found to act antagonistically with amb with all of studied isolates
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external pumps have been previously used to minimize edema and hemorrhage caused by coronary retroperfusion the objective of this T0 was to use a pumpless approach selective autoretroperfusion sarp to preserve myocardial CF after acute coronary artery ligation
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a subjective assessment of the optical SQ of the human eye may be derived from a comparison between the contrast sensitivities obtained in response to a refracted grating display and a nonrefracted grating display the former may be generated on a cathode ray tube crt while the latter may be obtained with laser interference fringes observed in the maxwellian view with this method the rate of decline of the contrast ratio of the optical media with increasing SF has been shown to be appreciably less than the rate of decline of the neural performance represented by the laser contrast sensitivities however this comparison has been based on results in response to a green crt display and red heliumneon interference fringes in the present study we have confirmed this result with respect to comparisons between a green crt display and a green laser display although the absolute value of the contrast ratio of the optical media for the green laser display was reduced compared with values for the red laser display
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four patients presented with a rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon that was associated with a longstanding scaphoid nonunion a radiocarpal arthrosis was present in of the patients and a dorsiflexed IC segment instability deformity was also seen in of the patients three patients underwent surgery consisting of an osteosynthesis with an iliac bone graft for the scaphoid nonunion and a palmaris longus tendon graft for the ruptured FPL tendon an osseous union of the scaphoid and a PET AS range of motion of the thumb interphalangeal joint degrees on average was attained in all of the patients treated surgically preoperative radiologic examinations and intraoperative findings suggest that the volarly protruding distal scaphoid segment is the cause of the rupture
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as reported previously the yearold male chinese patient suffering from the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the RA thigh without bone involvement was performed a surgical excision and a local radiotherapy two years ago however a moderately soft and painful à mm mass of the posterior thigh where magnetic resonance imaging mri scans revealed an inhomogeneously hyperintense on tweighted imaging twi tweighted imaging twi and DWI dwi was found forty days after the operation two years into followup we intend to judge whether the tumor relapses by regular imaging examination including thoracic computed tomography ct scans and local mri scans of lower extremities the diagnosis of postoperative cyst is suggested
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ginsenoside rb rb as the major bioactive ingredient of panax ginseng ca meyer elicited a novel antidepressantlike effect in the forced swim test fst in chronic unpredictable mild AS cums rats in our previous study to further explore the molecular mechanism of rb on the neurotransmitters such as hydroxytryptamine ht hydroxyindoleacetic acid hiaa norepinephrine ne dopamine da homovanillic acid hva dihydroxyphenylacetic acid dopac glu glu and gammaaminobutyric acid gaba in this antidepressantlike effect the neurochemical changes in the monoaminergic and aminoacidergic receptors were investigated in the present pharmacological T0 by using reuptake inhibitors receptors agonists and antagonists the results showed that a subeffective dose of rb mgkg po coadministered with fluoxetine mgkg ip a selective SRI reboxetine mgkg ip a noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor bupropion mgkg ip a dopaminergic reuptake inhibitor mk mgkg ip an NMDA nmda receptor antagonist or baclofen mgkg ip a selective gaba agonist significantly decreased the immobility time in the fst in addition pretreating mice with nan mgkg ip a ht
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insomnia the most common sleep disturbance in later life affects of older adults eszopiclone a shortacting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent developed for the treatment of insomnia has been available in europe since and in the us since although not yet evaluated for transient insomnia in older adults eszopiclone has been shown to be safe and efficacious for ST treatment weeks of chronic primary insomnia in older adults years clinical studies in younger adults mean years have shown eszopiclone can be used for months without evidence of problems because the oldest participant in these longerterm trials was it not known whether eszopiclone is effective for older adults particularly the old old years and oldest old when used over longer periods this is unfortunate because older individuals frequently suffer from chronic insomnia cognitivebehavioral therapy for insomnia which effectively targets the behavioral factors that maintain chronic insomnia represents an attractive treatment alternative or adjuvant to eszopiclone for older adults to date no studies have compared eszopiclone to other hypnotic medications or to nonpharmacological interventions such as CB therapy for insomnia in older adults all of the clinical trials reported herein were funded by sepracor this paper provides an overview of the literature on eszopiclone with special emphasis on its use for the treatment of latelife insomnia TPS topics covered include pharmacology pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics CT data AEs drug interactions tolerancedependence and economicscost considerations for older adults
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the circadian system coordinates internal events in a daily schedule to make sure that the body systems are synchronized to environmental time and internal cues one important behavioral aspect of the circadian system is the chronotype it is usually assessed through subjective questionnaires being the horneostberg morningnesseveningness questionnaire meq one of the most used it classifies individuals into three L1 categories morning evening and intermediate types recently it has been hypothesized the existence of a fourth chronotype the bimodal type through an algorithm derived from the meq responses bimodals answer as morningtypes in some questions and as eveningtypes in others resulting in an intermediate total score to better characterize this phenotype the present study aimed to detect and characterize the frequency of the bimodal chronotype in the episono a C1 populationbased cohort as well as to verify the association between bimodality and sleep parameters and genetic R2 in the per gene of the individuals who participated of the episono had meq filled correctly we found that of our sample were bimodal types we observed that bimodal individuals were significantly younger and had lower body mass index the association between per vntr TT and gender with bimodal chronotype was not significant however we found an association between bimodality and epworth sleepiness scale ees and apneahypopnea index ahi we did not find a statistically significant difference between bimodals and intermediate nonbimodals for the studied variables lastly it was observed that the most significant predictors for bimodal chronotype were female gender ahi and ees in conclusion the present work provides more evidence that the bimodal type might have to be considered when classifying chronotype and its association with young age and sleepiness may be due to the influence of social and environmental factors
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immunosuppressants have been proposed as diseasemodifying treatments in multiple sclerosis ms for almost years but only one mitoxantrone has recently been approved whereas betainterferons and GA have been licensed since the mids recent therapeutic trials of potent immunosuppressive agents such as campathh mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide of ms patients with high relapse rates rapid accumulation of disability and high degree of mri activity have resulted in strong suppression of clinical and mri inflammatory activity provided that profound and prolonged lymphopenia was achieved clinical experience during the past decades has amply demonstrated that some patients with ms respond to immunosuppressants the odds ratios of relapsingremitting ms patients to remain relapsefree T3 a year period of treatment are similar for betaseron avonex rebif copaxone intravenous immunoglobulins or azathioprine compared to PL the risk of cancer induction is not significant for up to years of daily usage of azathioprine currently available nonspecific immunosuppressants are able to control inflammation and reduce relapses in ms but cannot prevent neurodegeneration and the progression of irreversible disability specific tools need to be developed for that purpose
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with ionic liquids ils being widely used the toxicity of many ils has been studied and verified however the mechanism underlying the interaction between ils and dna needs to be investigated in this study the interaction of three imidazoliumbased ils cmimcl cmimcl and cmimcl with CT dna ctdna was investigated by uv absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy an intense interaction between cnmimcl and ctdna was observed involving a hypochromic effect or even a hyperchromic effect in the uv absorption spectrum of ctdna at nm the tm of ctdna increased over °c after IB with cnmimcl and the ksv values of cnmimclctdna quenched by potassium iodide ki were lower than those of cnmimcl the FI of ctdnaethidium bromide eb was gradually quenched as the cnmimcl concentration increased the results indicated that ctdna interacted with cnmimcl through an intercalation binding mode the mechanism of fluorescence quenching of cnmimcl with ctdna involved static quenching the IB constant between cnmimcl and ctdna were and and the number of IB CS were and at k for cmimcl cmimcl and cmimcl respectively the results indicated that the intercalation binding between the three cnmimcl and ctdna increased with increasing ilalkyl chain length these results will aid in the understanding of the mechanism of toxicity and of the biologically mediated environmental processes of ils
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oostrimethyl phosphorothioate oostmp an impurity present in widely used organophosphorus insecticides has been shown to induce pneumotoxicity T3 oral administration to date very little is known about the pathogenesis of the injury proteaseantiprotease imbalance has been proposed as a mechanism of various lung injuries thus the effect of oostmp on alpha protease inhibitor capacity pulmonary alveolar macrophage pam esterases cytotoxic activity and on specific esterase inhibitors in the bronchopulmonary lavage fluid and serum were measured oostmp mgkg po orally to rats produced a increase in pam esterase activity h T3 treatment the activity then declined to of control value on day and had not recovered to any significant extent on day the cytotoxic activity of pam was significantly increased at h and h following treatment chymotrypsin GABA capacity cic of the lavage fluid was decreased by at h but recovered rapidly and reached control levels by h TIC tic of SS was affected to a lesser extent such that no NC was detected after or h these data early elevation of pam esterase C2 with a concomitant increase in cytotoxic activity and decreased tic and cic in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid support the view that pathogenesis of oostmp produced lung injury could be due to increased protease levels
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some studies suggest that genotoxic effects of combustionrelated aerosols are induced by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic HCs cpahs and their derivatives which are part of the organic fraction of the particulate matter pm in AA the proportion of the organic fraction in pm is known to vary with particle size the ultrafine fraction is hypothesized to be the most important carrier of cpahs since it possesses the highest specific surface area of pm to test this hypothesis the CSD of cpahs in organic extracts eoms was compared for four size fractions of ambientair aerosols coarse daeμm upper daeμm and lower daeμm accumulation aerosol particles and ultrafine particles dae highvolume aerosol samples were collected consecutively in four localities that differed in the level of environmental pollution the genotoxicity of eoms was measured by analysis of dna adducts induced in an a cellular assay consisting of calf thymus dna withwithout rat CL microsomal s fraction coupled with ppostlabelling the upper accumulation fraction was the major size fraction in all four localities forming of the total pm mass per m of sampled air this fraction also bound the largest amount of cpahs correspondingly the upper accumulation fraction induced the highest dnaadduct C2 per pm mass itself the lower accumulation fraction is seen to be the most efficient in binding dnareactive SOCs interestingly the results suggest that the fraction of ultrafine particles of various ambientair samples is neither a major carrier of cpahs nor a L1 inducer of their genotoxicity which is an important finding that is relevant to the toxicity and health effects of ultrafine particles which are so extensively discussed these days
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ecadherins are epithelial morphological stabilizers performing complex functions as receptors providers of cellular and tissular structural integrity and functional interactive mediators structural and PET unbalance initiated due to EC expression loss results in direct effects on carcinogenesis TPS biological processes as cellular invasion and proliferation we investigated the EC expression aiming i to identify the differences in the molecular subtypes of breast cancer ii to analyze the correlations between ecadherin and TPS clinicopathological and molecular characteristics the T0 included cases that were investigated IHC using a panel of antibodies er pr herneu ck egfr which permitted a diagnostic in compliance with the molecular classification followed by the ecadherin evaluation the semiquantitative assessment of EC was performed using a scoring system based on the positive cells percentage and the IF intensity our results showed according to the molecular subtypes a strong positive EC expression in cases luminal a AT1 nine cases luminal b AT1 five cases her AT1 three cases basallike AT1 seven cases unclassified AT1 two cases and a weak positive one in cases luminal a subtype six cases luminal b AT1 eight cases her AT1 one case basallike AT1 one case the statistical analysis revealed significantly statistical differences between ecadherin and tumoral grade p histological subtype p triple negative molecular subtypes and nontriple negative respectively p these findings support the potential value of ecadherin for a supplementary differentiation of molecular subtypes based on the biological significance of its capacity of expression
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loss of or lowered retinoblastoma rb expression has been included as a prognostic indicator in breast CA low or no rb expression is seen most commonly in highgrade breast adenocarcinomas suggesting that a relationship may exist between loss of rb and a less differentiated state high proliferation rate and high metastatic potential in this T0 we compared rb CF in two established MCF-7 cell lines mcf and mdamb and in an established immortalized mammary epithelial cell line mcfa cells were synchronized in gg and were released for several durations at which time total rb protein mrna and rbefdna complex formation were evaluated rb protein was significantly higher in the RT cells than in mcfa cells however rb function was high for a longer duration in mcfa cells as compared with mcf and mdamb cells our data support the general conclusion that rb CF but not necessarily rb protein is lower in highly malignant breast adenocarcinoma cells as compared with lower grade RT cells these results emphasize the relevance of assessing rb function over rb protein this is particularly important if rb is to be used as a prognostic indicator for breast adenocarcinoma
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it has been wellreported that phosphodiesterase pde inhibitors originally investigated for their effect on smooth muscles and now used widely in treatment of erectile dysfunction can cause mild transient visual disturbances because of their action on inhibiting enzymes involved in retinal transduction recently these medications have been associated with the OD of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy naaion with attendant vision loss
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the itinerary of international travelers will largely determine the amount of pretravel counseling number of immunizations and type of malaria prophylaxis they will need the countries visited are also the best predictor of travelers diarrhea only yellow fever and cholera vaccines are required for entry into certain countries the latter generally given only to satisfy entry requirements polio vaccine is important for some Az and is frequently neglected for most malarious areas chloroquine once per week is recommended MQ should be prescribed weekly for travelers going to chloroquine resistant malarious areas TD is best prevented by avoiding high risk foods and beverages antibiotics generally not recommended for prophylaxis are very effective in treatment travelers should be reminded to advise physicians of their travel history during future medical encounters so that otherwise exotic tropical diseases possibly contracted during travel may be considered in diagnoses
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to assess undiagnosed and comorbid disorders in patients referred to a tertiary care center with a presumed diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome cfs
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the placental clearance of selected watersoluble molecules and antipyrine was evaluated using a dual perfusion of human placental lobules in vitro when graded according to decreasing clearance the sequence of the molecules was as follows water antipyrine greater than urea greater than paminohippuric acid greater than inulin greater than dextran greater than dextran a close correlation was obtained between the clearance and the free diffusion coefficient of these molecules however no restricted diffusion was observed in the molecular range studied these results suggest an equivalent pore size larger than a for the human placental membrane in vitro
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genetic polymorphisms of very important pharmacogenomic vip variants are important for personalized medicine however these have not been extensively studied in the tibetan population in this study vip variants were detected in the tibetan and han han populations from northwestern china subsequently we compared the differences between the tibetan population and ten populations including the han japanese in tokyo jpt mexican ancestry in los angeles mex toscans in italy tsi african ancestry in southwest usa asw luhya in california webuye kenya lwk gujarati indians in houston texas gih maasai in kinyawa kenya mkk yoruba in ibadan nigeria yri and utah residents with RNA and western EU ancestry from the ceph collection ceu using the Ï test we identified differences in the frequency distribution of and loci in the tibetan population compared to the han jpt mex tsi asw lwk gih mkk yri and ceu populations respectively p rs rs and rs located in the alox arachidonate lipoxygenase vkorc vitamin k epoxide reductase complex S1 and ptgs prostaglandinendoperoxide synthase genes respectively in the tibetan population were different from those in most of the populations our results complement the information provided by the DB of pharmacogenomics on tibetan people and provide an avenue for personalized treatment in the tibetan population
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multiple chemical sensitivity mcs is a chronic nonallergic multisymptom disorder triggered by common environmental chemicals in concentrations considered nontoxic for most individuals the condition may lead to loss of occupation and social isolation and no ERP treatment has been reported ECT ect is a safe and ERP treatment of severe depression and medical conditions such as chronic pain disorders
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in a prospective study of the consecutive neonates suffering from RD survived on varying concentrations of humidified oxygen continuous positive airway pressure cpap of cm of water was applied through short nasal prongs to neonates haemoglobin oxygen saturation sao rose in all and it was maintained steadily above in infants who survived the mean duration of cpap among the survivors was hours range hours common indications of cpap ventilation were hyaline TMD hmd MAS mas apnea of prematurity and asphyxia neonates weighing gm faired well with overall survival of to however among the babies weighing gm only survived infants on cpap died due to pneumothorax none had complications of oxygen toxicity the cpap failures fared poorly even when shifted to intermittent positive pressure ventilation ippv regardless of their weight and among the survivors developed grade intraventricular haemorrhage it was concluded that nasal cpap ventilation with pulse oximetry is a simple and efficient method of treating respiratory distress in newborns this technique can be adopted even by smaller hospitals where the equipment and expertise for ippv and arterial blood gas abg monitoring are not feasible
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the medial and LPP projections to the HPC ca region display distinct mechanisms of LT potentiation ltp induction nmethyldaspartate nmda and opioid receptor dependent respectively however medial and lateral perforant path projections to the ca region display associative ltp with coactivation suggesting that while they differ in receptors involved in ltp induction they may share common downstream mechanisms of ltp induction here we address this interaction of ltp induction mechanisms by evaluating the contribution of or to the induction of associative ltp among the medial and lateral perforant path projections to the ca region in vivo local application of the opioid receptor antagonists naloxone or cystyrornpenamide ctop normally block induction of lateral perforant pathca ltp however these opioid receptor antagonists failed to block associative ltp in lateral perforant pathca synapses when it was induced by strong coactivation of the medial perforant pathway which displays nmdardependent ltp thus strong activation of nonopioidergic afferents can substitute for the opioid receptor activation required for lateral perforant path ltp induction conversely medial perforant pathca associative ltp was blocked by opioid receptor antagonists when induced by strong coactivation of the opioidergic lateral perforant path these data indicate endogenous opioid MMP contribute to associative ltp at coactive synapses when induced by strong coactivation of an opioidergic afferent system these data further suggest that associative ltp induction is regulated by the receptor mechanisms of the strongly stimulated pathway thus while medial and LPP synapses differ in their mechanisms of ltp induction associative ltp at these synapses share common downstream mechanisms of induction
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the endothelial glycocalyx glx is pivotal to V1 barrier CF we investigated the consequences of glx degradation on pulmonary microvascular perfusion and prompted by evidence that hydroxyethyl starch hes improves microcirculation studied the effects of two hes S9 during glx diminution c bl black mice lungs were explanted and perfused with mlmin buffer solution containing autologous erythrocytes red blood cells at a hematocrit of microvessel perfusion was quantified by video FM at and min to register interstitial edema AM septal width was quantified pulmonary artery pressure pap airway pressure and left atrial pressure were recorded continuously lungs were randomly assigned to four groups each n i control no treatment ii hep heparinase i muml was injected for glx degradation iii hes and iv hes one third of perfusion fluid was exchanged for hes or hes before glx degradation analysis of variance on ranks and pairwise multiple comparisons were used for statistics p compared with control glx degradation effected perfusion failure in microvessels increased pap and facilitated interstitial edema formation after a min period of perfusion in contrast to hes pretreatment with hes att all of these consequences sequelae of glx degradation in lung include perfusion failure in MV interstitial edema formation and increase in pap we assume that these effects are a consequence of V1 barrier dysfunction beneficial effects of hes are presumably a result of its lower red blood cell bridging capacity compared with hes
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the aim of the T0 was to investigate the resistant mechanisms and homology of imipenemresistant acinetobacter baumannii a baumannii a total of nonduplicate imipenemâresistant a baumannii clinical isolates were collected from three tertiary hospitals between july and june the minimal inhibitory concentrations mics of antimicrobial agents were determined using the agar dilution method phenylalanineâarginine βnaphthylamide was used to detect the presence of the efflux pumpmediated resistant mechanism polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify genes associated with DR including βâlactamase genes efflux pump genes and outer membrane MRP caro a few amplicons were randomly selected and sequenced multilocus CS analysis mlst was employed in typing a baumanni a baumannii was resistant to imipenem simultaneously showing resistance to several other antimicrobials in addtition a baumannii were found to mediate drug resistance through operation of the efflux pump of the various DR genes tested blaoxaâ was present in isolates blaoxaâ gene was present in isolates and blandm gene was found in only one CS other drug resistantâassociated genes including blakpc blaimp blaoxa blaoxaâ blashv blagim and blavim were not detected mutation of ades and outer membrane protein gene caro were found in a few of the imipenemâresistant isolates the mlst analysis revealed that all clinical isolates were clustered into genotypes and the most frequent TT was st in conclusion βâlactamase genes genes involved in efflux pump and mutation of outer membrane protein encoding gene may be important in mediating imipenem resistance in a baumannii of the different genotypes st was shared by the majority of a baumannii which may be due to horizontal transfer of patients from hospitals
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in the world was declared free from RP one of the most feared and devastating infectious diseases of animals RP is the second infectious disease after smallpox to have been eradicated however potentially infectious RPV material remains widely disseminated among research and diagnostic facilities across the world and poses a risk for disease recurrence should it be released member countries of the world organisation for animal health and the food and agricultural organization of the UN are committed to destroying remaining stocks of infectious material or ensuring that it is stored under international supervision in a limited number of approved facilities to facilitate this commitment and maintain global freedom from rinderpest world organisation for animal health member countries must report annually on rinderpest material held in their countries the first official surveys conducted during revealed that rinderpest material was stored in an unacceptably high number of facilities and countries
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the influence of noradrenaline and protein kinase c modulators on hisradipine IB to voltagedependent calcium channels has been studied in CM of equine portal vein smooth muscle and IN strips isolated from rat portal vein specific hisradipine binding to IN strips was increased by noradrenaline a combination of Al and fluoride and phorbol esters the increase in isradipine binding induced by noradrenaline was inhibited by microm prazosin while that induced by phorbol esters was inhibited by h a H7 in strips pretreated h with microgramsml pertussis toxin the noradrenalineinduced increase in isradipine IB was unchanged in contrast isradipine binding to membranes was unaffected by noradrenaline or gtpgammas only phorbol esters had a stimulatory effect on ISR binding when membranes were incubated in a medium containing microm atp and mm mg scatchard plot analysis reveals that the stimulation of isradipine IB by both noradrenaline and phorbol esters appears to result from a decrease in kd rather than an effect on the maximal binding capacity contractions evoked by noradrenaline were concentrationdependently depressed by isradipine about of the response was resistant to inhibition while kclinduced contractions were CR blocked however noradrenalineinduced contractions were more sensitive to isradipine inhibition than were kclinduced contractions these results suggest that activation of protein kinase c modulates ISR binding to voltagedependent ICa independently of a separate modulation by membrane depolarization
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the effect of alphaadrenergic blockade by phentolamine upon plasma C2 of adrenocorticotrophic hormone acth and cortisol during insulininduced hypoglycaemia was studied in pigs insulin administration produced a rise in acth which reached a maximum at about minutes p less than and had returned to basal levels by T2 cortisol C2 had also risen by T2 and remained elevated for T2 i.c.v. with phentolamine almost CR suppressed the growth hormone response to insulininduced hypoglycaemia but had no effect upon the amplitude or duration of the elevation of plasma acth or cortisol C2 following insulin administration the hypoglycaemiainduced rise in acth and cortisol seem therefore to be independent of the alphaadrenergic system in addition the inhibitory action of the alphaadrenergic system on acth release reported in rats and dogs does not appear to be present in pigs
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although heme oxygenase ho has been implicated in protection against atherogenesis its role in vulnerable plaques remains to be fully elucidated this study was aimed to explore the effect of ho on the progression and stabilization of vulnerable plaques and the possible mechanism we established a vulnerable plaque model by local transfection with recombinant p adenovirus to plaques in rabbits fed a highcholesterol diet ho activity was modulated by intraperitoneal injection of hemin or snprotoporphyrin ix snpp ho induction by hemin inhibited the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and changed the PI morphology and composition into a more stable phenotype in addition hemin treatment is associated with a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase interleukin and RT CN factorα production an increase in interleukin level as well as a decrease of tunel labeled apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in lesions compared with the control group aortic nitric oxide no production and iNOS synthase inos activity decreased markedly whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos activity increased significantly in the hemin group in contrast inhibition of ho by snpp induced reversed effects and augmented plaque progression and vulnerability after pharmacologicae been successfully used in modelling gene regulatory networks however for C1 networks analysis by simulation becomes unfeasible in this paper we propose a reduction method for boolean networks that decreases the size of the network while preserving important dynamical properties and topological features as a result the reduced network can be used to infer properties about the original network and to gain a better understanding of the role of network topology on the dynamics in particular we use the reduction method to study steady states of boolean networks and apply our results to models of thlymphocyte differentiation and the lac operon
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CSF fluid csf and plasma samples were taken from strain guinea pigs in various stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis creae the samples were assayed for interleukin il in the C3 mouse thymocyte CA after removal of inhibitors il was detectable in low amounts in plasma uml throughout the course of the disease but was raised in the acute phase uml csf il was however only present in low amounts uml during the acute phase but was elevated uml during the chronic stages of creae during the relapse phase levels of il correlated with the total leucocyte count in the csf on gel filtration of csf il activity eluted at approximately kd and could not be attributed to leakage of plasma il during csf puncture or il activity
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glucose metabolism in the brain is an important process that influences many normal cellular processes from neurotransmitter synthesis to atp production while cortisol and insulin have opposing effects on gl metabolism desensitization of the neuronal insulin receptor results in metabolic abnormalities in the normal aging brain glucoseenergy metabolism is decreased slightly in the majority of cases alzheimers disease is sporadic and has a late onset therefore agerelated variations in cellular metabolism following the principle of selforganized criticality may come into focus with respect to the etiopathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder as a possible primary abnormal event in lateonset sporadic dat a prolonged desensitization of the neuronal insulin receptor is assumed to be responsible for cascadelike abnormalities in oxidative SE metabolism and related metabolism with impacts on amyloid formation
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poststroke depression psd in elderly patients has been considered the most common NP consequence of stroke up to months after stroke onset when depression appears within days after stroke onset it is likely to remit whereas depression at months is likely to be sustained for year one of the major problems posed by elderly stroke patients is how to identify and optimally manage psd this review provides insight to ID and management of depression in elderly stroke patients depression following stroke is less likely to include dysphoria and more likely characterized by vegetative signs and symptoms compared with other forms of latelife depression and clinicians should rely more on nonsomatic PS rather than somatic symptoms DUE and diagnosis of depreunt method AF factors related to the method do not play on the malaria diagnosis this result insures the continuity of the series on malaria mortality statistics since in the two sites despite changes in the method however the new protocol leads to vanish possibility of having deaths among illdefined or unknown causes in the african context of absence of health statistics data obtained through the VA method in DSS can provide accurate information in the epidemiological field even regarding malaria
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a cdna encoding cathepsin z ctpz was cloned from a carp ovarian cdna library it is homologous to rat ctpz the CAA residues important for protein folding and enzymatic activity of mammalian ctpz are conserved in carp ctpz it is widely expressed in a variety of carp tissues as revealed by western blot and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction the ctpz mrna was transiently accumulated during oocyte maturation in oocytes ctpz is localized in cortical granules and in the cytoplasm surrounding the yolk granules after fertilization ctpz remained associated with the yolk LG while the cortical granular ctpz was discharged to BPM perivitelline space and FE carp cathepsin z has proteolytic activity toward vitellogenin that could be inhibited by inhibitors TPS for the proteases of papain family the potential roles of cat z in carp eggs are discussed
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preset larval mercenaria mercenaria were exposed to nominal concentrations of control to microg cul in ASW and monitored for mortality activity development and metamorphosis in sealed mm plastic petri plates containing ml of artificial seawater or toxicant solution the plastic petri plates sorbed only about microgl at any dose and allowed direct observation of larval clams under a light microscope for a period of two weeks control survivorship was in excess of at h the doseresponse curve for mortality for clams exposed to copper and fed isochrysis galbana was characterized by survival similar to or better than controls at doses of and microg cul while doses of and or microg cul exhibited mortality greater than controls values of lowest concentration at which of the organisms died lc were and microg cul and the lowest observed adverse effect concentration values of and microg cul were determined at and h respectively in contrast activity as judged by swimming exhibited a typical exponentially decreasing response at these same concentrations experiments on the uptake of dissolved copper by i galbana confirmed literature reports that these algae concentrate copper ingesting coppercontaining algae was demonstrated to be a source of copper toxicity for larval clams
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the authors compared asymptomatic SH b virus carriers and HS in terms of their psychological state participants asymptomatic hepatitis b virus carriers and healthy comparison subjects completed selfreport questionnaires psychiatric disorders and psychosocial SF-36 were evaluated with structured clinical interviews and the GAF SH b virus carriers were more likely to have psychiatric disorders than comparison subjects vs also carriers had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores and lower global assessment of functioning scores than did comparison subjects worries about contamination and illnesses related to hepatitis b infection were associated with the presence of psychiatric disorder the results suggest that asymptomatic hepatitis b virus carriers need emotional support
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the regulation of synthesis of the valinealaninealphaaminobutyrate transaminase transaminase c was studied in escherichia coli mutants lacking the branchedchain amino acid transaminase transaminase b an investigation was made of two strains cu and cu each carrying the same transaminase b lesion but exhibiting different growth responses on a medium supplemented with branchedchain amino acids both had the absolute isoleucine requirement characteristic of ilve auxotrophs but growth of CS cu was stimulated by valine whereas that of strain cu was markedly inhibited by valine CS cu behaved like a conditional leucine auxotroph in that the inhibition by valine was reversed by leucine results of enzymatic studies showed that synthesis of transaminase c was repressed by valine in CS cu but not in CS cu inhibition by valine in strain cu appears to be the combined effect of repression on transaminase c synthesis and valinedependent feedback inhibition of alphaacetohydroxy acid synthase activity causing alphaketoisovalerate and hence leucine limitation the ilve markers of strains cu and cu were each transferred by transduction to a wildtype genetical BG all ilve recombinants from both crosses resembled strain cu and were inhibited by valine in the presence of isoleucine thus strain cu carries an additional lesion that allows it to grow on a medium containing isoleucine plus valine it is concluded that conditional leucine auxotrophy is characteristic of mutants carryin the influence of SC medium incubation temperature and antibiotic content on the reliability of methicillin discsensitivity tests on strains of staphylococcus aureus was evaluated tests were performed with an inoculum giving semiconfluent growth of colonies on four media with mug and mug methicillin discs at incubation temperatures of and degrees c with sensitest agar and muellerhinton agar at degrees c or below methicillin resistance was reliably detected on dst agar and wellcotest agar discrimination between CS and resistant strains was possible only at degrees c on wellcotest agar and dst agar it was not possible to detect methicillin resistance in one resistant CS at any temperature for CS and resistant strains the use of a mug disc allowed greater differentiation than the mug disc
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the purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between excised length unstressed length of excised muscle lex and optimal forcegenerating length lo in a variety of respiratory muscles with the goal of establishing a reliable method whereby lo could be rapidly and easily estimated with a high level of accuracy experiments were conducted on muscle bundles obtained from mongrel dogs segments of costal diaphragm parasternal IC scalene sternomastoid TS RA external oblique and transversus abdominis muscles were studied we noted a linear relationship between the distance measured between two fixed points in excised bundles lex and at the muscles lo correlation coefficients ranged from p less than for the transversus abdominis to p less than for the triangularis sterni and external oblique muscles pooled lex for all muscles averaged sd lo with TPS values ranging from lo for triangularis sterni bundles to lo for external oblique bundles in three additional dogs we verified the usefulness of this relationship and prospectively estimated lo from excised length in costal diaphragm bundles and transversus abdominis bundles and then measured lo directly predicted lo averaged lo for diaphragm and lo for transversus abdominis muscle we conclude that lo can be conveniently and accurately estimated from excised dimensions this rapid estimation technique should prove valuable for future studies in RM physiology
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prolonged breastfeeding and MI in the maternal diet during BF have been suggested as a means to treat atopic PS of infants the impact of these actions on the mothers skeletal health has remained unclear
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the purpose of this T0 was twofold to determine if hypothesized functions and triggers of reminiscence are empirically supported by a reminiscence uses scale and reminiscence triggers scale and to determine if functions can be predicted from triggers subject variablesninetyone elderly residents of retirement communities completed the paper and pencil survey instrument a factor analysis of the reminiscence uses scale yielded three factor subscales selfregardimage enhancement present problem solving and existentialselfunderstanding in contrast five factor subscales were extracted from the reminiscence triggers scale death awarenessresignation death awarenessother realization of goalsaccomplishments changesthreats to body and change in careerlifes direction a multiple SRA indicated that selfregardimage enhancement was predicted by realization of goalsaccomplishments and reminiscence frequency present problem solving was predicted by death awarenessresignation and existentialselfunderstanding by changesthreats to body and life review these findings support a basic distinction between interand intrapersonal reminiscence suggest a relationship between contemporaneous experiences and memories and lend empirical support to the construct validity of earlier theoretical views on reminiscence in old age
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a high concentration of immunoreactive NPY-LI was observed in rat platelets using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for NPY y three kinds of high performance liquid chromatography combined with radioimmunoassay for neuropeptide y showed that immunoreactive NPY-LI in rat platelets is identical to rat authentic NPY-LI to investigate the pathological role of platelet neuropeptide y in genetic hypertensive rats the PLT content and plasma concentration of NPY y were measured by a CS radioimmunoassay for rat NPY-LI in and wk old spontaneously hypertensive rat and agematched WKY platelet content of immunoreactive NPY-LI in and wk old SH rat was higher than that in wistar kyoto rat at each age no difference was observed in plasma concentration of immunoreactive NPY-LI between SH rat and wistar kyoto rat at each age
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pseudorabies virus prv an alphaherpesvirus of swine uses cellular heparan sulfate residues as a receptor for att interaction of the virus with its receptor is mediated by the env glycoprotein c prvgc a protein with heparinbinding properties we have previously shown that a region of this protein shows structural similarities to the highaffinity heparinbinding site of the serum proteaseinhibitor antithrombin iii atii in this publication we describe the effect of atiii on interaction of prv with its cellular receptor atiii bound specifically to heparan sulfate residues on the surface of herpesviruspermissive rk cells binding of atiii to rk cells interfered with adsorption of radioactively labelled prv to these cells enzymatic treatment using heparinase i ec removed the receptor for prv as well as the receptor for atiii since amino acids of the high affinity heparinbinding site of atiii show structural similarities to amino acids of prvgc both sequences were synthesized as synthetic MMP although interaction of the peptide derived from atiii with heparin was significantly stronger both peptides interacted specifically with heparin in assays in vitro these results suggest that prv and atiii interact with the same structure on the cellular surface
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sixteen consecutive patients with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid were prospectively treated according to a combined regimen consisting of hyperfractionated radiotherapy doxorubicin and debulking surgery the radiotherapy was preoperatively administered to a target dose of gy in weeks and postoperatively to an additional dose of gy in weeks radiotherapy was administered twice daily days a week with a target dose of gy per fraction and with a minimum interval of hours a dose of mg doxorubicin was administered intravenously to hours before the first radiotherapy session every week debulking surgery was feasible in patients local pCR was achieved in patients and of these are still alive diseasefree at and months respectively after diagnosis only patients succumbed to a local failure this combination regimen was well tolerated despite the patients high age and advanced disease
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nnntriethylenethiophosphoramide thiotepa was dissolved at microgramsml in urine or in m sodium acetate buffer and incubated at degrees or degrees after and min of incubation ml samples were extracted into EA and analyzed by GLC m x mm column packed with ov on supelcoport oven at degrees i.t. port and nitrogenphosphorus detector at degrees thiotepa was more SD at degrees than at degrees and at ph to than at ph to T3 hr of incubation at degrees TT concentrations decreased by at ph but only at ph or although TT concentrations declined as described above alkylating activity as assessed by pnitrobenzyl pyridine reactivity was stable at all temperatures and phs tested partition coefficients of TT Kd products into toluene EA diethyl ether and hexane were determined T3 and min of incubation in urine at ph the extractability of alkylating activity into these organic solvents decreased dramatically after min thiotepa degradation products were extracted from urine at ph after and min incubation at degrees and were separated by TLC in addition to TT rf degradation products possessing pnitrobenzyl pyridine alkylating activity rf and were observed during the course of incubation the structures of the materials with rf and were identified by mass spectrometry and indicated that TT degradation occurs by successive addition of hcl molecules with opening of the aziridine rings and conversion to chloroethyl moieties
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an enantioselective method for BAC aminopchlorophenylbutyric acid based on capillary electrophoresis ce separation and laserinduced fluorescence lif PCD has been developed naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde nda was used for precolumn derivatization of the nonfluorescent drug alphacyclodextrin alphacd was included in the buffer as a chiral selector for the separation of ndalabeled s and rbaclofen optimal resolution and detection were obtained with an electrophoretic buffer of mm sodium borate ph containing mm alphacd and a hecd laser lambda ex nm lambda em nm combined with a simple cleanup procedure this method can be applied to the analysis of baclofen enantiomers in human plasma the relative standard deviation rsd values on peak Az of a plasma sample containing microm racemic BAC were and n for the s and renantiomer respectively the rsd value on migration times of both enantiomers was n calibration graphs for s and rbaclofen in plasma showed a good linearity r or in the concentration range of microm the limit of detection of BAC in plasma was about ngml
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the DSM of mental disorders dsm proposes an innovative chapter on neurocognitive disorders ncd as a substitute for the dementia delirium and amnestic disorders chapter in dsmiv this ncd chapter promotes a most innovative change compared to dsmiv while the term delirium is preserved the commonly used term dementia does not occur as a diagnostic entity neurocognitive disorders are more inclusive than dementias they also cover early prodromal stages of dementias below the dsmiv threshold the diagnosis of ncds requires essentially NP testing preferentially with standardized instruments special focus is given to etiological subtyping taking former diagnostic consensus processes by expert CG into consideration the subsequent more extensive concept of ncd also allows the diagnosis of etiologicalspecific prodromal states of cognitive impairments the changes from dsmiv to dsm are critically discussed
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the aim of this T0 was to determine whether patients with antibodies against Bb sensu lato or who report a history of erythema migrans em or tick bite are more likely to have nonspecific PS such as MSK pain fatigue sensory disorder and headache the T0 group comprised subjects with nonspecific PS tested for antibodies against b burgdorferi sensu lato between july and december because of suspicion of lyme borreliosis lb of these were females and were males the median age was years range years patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lb and patients with a known underlying disease that could influence the OD of the symptoms were excluded from the DUE subjects were assigned to the seronegative group or to one of three SP groups and the history of em and tick bite was also recorded statistical analysis was performed with single chisquare tests of independence and MLR models no differences in the occurrence of nonspecific symptoms were observed between patients grouped according to antibody status a history of em showed no significant effect on any of the nonspecific PS a history of tick bite was weakly correlated with joint pain and joint swelling p in conclusion it is highly unlikely that the complaints are related to a previous infection with b burgdorferi sensu lato the results show that testing patients with nonspecific PS for antibodies against b burgdorferi sensu lato in the everyday clinical setting does not provide any useful information about their aetiology
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crystalline d hexagonal boron nitride dhbn nanosheets are explored as a potential electrocatalyst toward the electroanalytical sensing of dopamine da the dhbn nanosheets are electrically wired via a dropcasting modification process onto a range of commercially available carbon supporting electrodes including glassy carbon gc borondoped diamond bdd and screenprinted graphitic electrodes spes dhbn has not previously been explored toward the electrochemical detectionelectrochemical sensing of da we critically evaluate the potential electrocatalytic performance of dhbn modified electrodes the effect of supporting carbon electrode platforms and the effect of mass coverage which is commonly neglected in the d material literature toward the PCD of da the response of dhbn modified electrodes is found to be largely dependent upon the interaction between dhbn and the underlying supporting electrode material for example in the case of spes modification with dhbn ng improves the electrochemical response decreasing the EC oxidation potential of da by â¼ mv compared to an unmodified spe conversely modification of a gc electrode with dhbn ng resulted in an increased oxidation potential of da by â¼ mv when compared to the unmodified electrode we explore the underlying mechanisms of the aforementioned examples and infer that electrode surface interactions and roughness AF are critical considerations dhbn is utilized toward the sensing of da in the presence of the common interferents ascorbic acid aa and uric acid ua dhbn is found to be an ERP electrocatalyst in the simultaneous detection of da and ua at both ph and the peak separationsresolution between da and ua increases by â¼ and mv at ph and respectively when utilizing ng of dhbn compared to unmodified spes with a particularly favorable response evident in ph giving rise to a significant increase in the peak current of da the limit of PCD Ï is found to correspond to μm for da in the presence of ua however it is not possible to deconvolute the simultaneous detection of da and aa the observed electrocatalytic effect at dhbn has not previously been reported in the literature when supported upon carbon or any other electrode we provide valuable insights into the modifiersubstrate interactions of this material essential for those designing fabricating and consequently performing electrochemical experiments utilizing dhbn and related d materials
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as there is a great demand for polysomnography screening tests had to be established in the diagnosis of sleeprelated disordered PLB oxygen saturation is often used as a main diagnostic criterion of these screening tests in patients women men suspected to suffer from a sleep apneasyndrome we compared oxygen saturation pulse oxymetry with apneahypopneaindex ahi polysomnography an ahi or h and a minimal oxygen saturation andor more than oxygen desaturationsh or were regarded as pathological we found a good correlation of significant oxygen desaturations measured with SpO2 and ahi r compared to ahi SpO2 was seen as a sensitive method sensitivity to recognize sleep apneapatients coincidence of copd decreased specificity of SpO2 from to but had no influence on its sensitivity percent of the patients without further cardiorespiratory disease had a normal ahi h but a pathological pulse oxymetry we conclude that SpO2 in combination with a positive case PH is a sensitive method to recognize sleep apneapatients not all sleep apneapatients can be diagnosed only by regarding ahi without taking oxygen saturation into account
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the aim of this study was to develop an efficient lowcost homebased pulmonary rehabilitation program and to evaluate the impact of the program on exercise as measured by the min walk test mwt and treadmill endurance test
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to investigate the prolonged effects of nitric oxide inhibition on SVR renal and glomerular hemodynamics the effects of the L-NAME lname on cardiac index renal micropuncture results urinary excretion and histology were obtained in weekold male spontaneously hypertensive rats shr that were divided into two CG untreated and lnametreated mgl each followed for weeks cardiac index and effective renal plasma flow decreased p in lnametreated shr exhibiting a positive correlation r p singlenephron plasma flow versus nlmin per gram p and ultrafiltration coefficient p were also reduced in lnametreated shr versus controls most notably the lnametreated shr had increased afferent versus u p and efferent versus u p glomerular arteriolar resistances versus controls these PET changes were associated with significantly altered AA p and glomerular p histological injury scores accompanied by marked PU p because of the intense afferent glomerular i.a. constriction and lesser increase in efferent glomerular arteriolar resistance associated with reduced singlenephron plasma flow glomerular capillary pressure did not increase in the lnametreated shrabstract truncated at words
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in this T0 female patients with eating disorders were compared with agematched normal female subjects the patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of dissociative psychopathology than the comparison subjects furthermore the presence of severe dissociative experience appeared to be specifically related to a propensity for selfmutilation and suicidal SMB these findings are discussed in CS of recent data which suggest that neurochemical systems shown to be abnormal in patients with EDs may be key pathophysiologic substrates for dissociative experience
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an experiment was conducted to T0 the effect of inclusion of different concentrations and gkg of raw kidney bean and extruded kidney bean in broiler chick to d of age diets on performance digestive organ sizes protein and amino acid digestibilities intestinal viscosity cecal ph and blood parameters data were analyzed as a x factorial arrangement with C2 of kidney bean with and without extrusion PC without kidney bean was used increasing the kidney bean content in the diet reduced weight gain and consumption and increased the feedtogain ratio relative pancreas liver and jejunum weights and intestinal viscosity were increased in response to increasing kidney bean concentration in the diet the inclusion of different concentrations of kidney bean did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of essential and nonessential amino acids except for met phe and cys which were increased increasing kidney bean in the diet did not affect blood parameters except for total protein which was increased and for androstenedione and testosterone which were reduced extrusion significantly improved weight gain feed consumption and feed conversion relative pancreas CL and jejunum weights were reduced and spleen weight cecal and intestinal viscosity were increased by extrusion apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and all essential and nonessential amino acids were improved by extrusion likewise extrusion increased significantly the concentrations of cholesterol triglycerides gl and testosterone we concluded that the inclusion of kidney bean in chicken diets cause a negative effect on performance and cp and amino acid digestibilities and modified digestive organ sizes intestinal viscosity cecal ph and some blood parameters these effects were counteracted by the extrusion of kidney bean however the inclusion of extruded kidney bean in a chick diet resulted in poorer performance compared with that obtained with a cornsoybean diet
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identifying the optimal dose of RTV therapy overcomes the chemical resistance may exhibit in some cases due to poor prognosis of imprecise staging dose modeling was performed by analyzing previously published data of RTV CA growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo invitro hthymidinebased cell proliferation CA was performed on samples of the gl cell line incubated with and μ m of ritonavir proliferation inhibition was quantified to identify SE of the used doses as described before in earlier studies models involving invivo growth of established breast cancer RT mdamb ksimm RT and elt cell thymomas in mice were used the effects of mgkgday for days mgkgday for days and mgmouseday for about week of ritonavir in those xenograft growths respectively were monitored and quantified to identify energy of those doses as described before in earlier studies ritonavir demonstrated an invitro reduction in proliferation rate in dose dependent manner the SE of the invitro influences following ritonavir therapy were perfectly correlated r with ritonavir dose allowed to establish an efficient energymodel with a perfect fit r describes the SE yield by ritonavir doses enables to administer the appropriate dose ritonavir had also a significant influence invivo on all sizes of treated PT compared to the control animals such that the SE yield by the administered drug as derived from the energymodel was identical to the induced influence in RT energy the invitro determination of inhibition to proliferation by ritonavir doses is useful to characterize the response of CA to ritonavir therapy targeting patientpersonalized CA medicine the molecular method of response determination by htdr incorporation and ritonavir doseenergy MM are reliable to avoid chemoresistance by identifying the optimal dosing regimens and schedules prior therapy allowing the use of much lower dose of RTV and thus decreases the drug side effects and risks of relapse
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a novel actinomycete designated CS klbmp st was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of artemisia linn collected from the coastal region of lianyungang jiangsu province in east china and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position phylogenetic analysis based on the s rrna gene CS revealed that CS klbmp st is a member of the genus nocardia the s rrna gene sequence similarity indicated that CS klbmp st is closely related to nocardia asteroides nbrc t and nocardia neocaledoniensis sbhr oat similarity to other type strains of the genus nocardia was found to be less than the organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus nocardia such as mesodiaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and Gal as the diagnostic sugars the predominant menaquinone was identified as mkhÏcycl mycolic acids were detected the diagnostic phospholipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides the predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as c c cÏc methyl c tuberculostearic acid tbsa and summed feature cÏccÏc the gc content of the genomic dna was determined to be mol the results of dnadna hybridization and physiological and PSA tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains based on morphological chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data CS klbmp st is considered to represent a novel species of the genus nocardia for which the name nocardia rhizosphaerae sp nov is proposed the type CS is klbmp st cgmcc t kctc t
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since the initial hypotheses on the importance of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of cancer approximately years ago there have been major advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this complex process of new vessel formation among the multitude of AF VE growth factor vegf has emerged as one of the most potent angiogenic factors being implicated in the initiation of signal transduction responsible for cell proliferation survival migration and adhesion inhibition of vegf and its signaling pathway offers a potential new molecular target in CA therapy this article reviews the role of angiogenesis and its mediators particularly V1 EC growth AF in hematological HM as well as the potential use of antiangiogenic therapies in the management of these conditions
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the HC virus hcv nonstructural a a phosphorylated zinc metalloprotein is an essential component of the hcv RC an amphipathic αhelical peptide hcv peptide ca derived from nonstructural a membrane anchor domain possesses potent antihcv and antihiv activity in vitro in this T0 we aimed to investigate the potential of hcv peptide ca to regulate host immune responses the capacity of hcv peptide ca in vitro to induce migration and calcium mobilization of human phagocytes and chemoattractant receptortransfected cells was investigated the recruitment of phagocytes in vivo induced by hcv peptide ca and its adjuvant activity were examined the results revealed that hcv peptide ca was a chemoattractant and activator of human phagocytic WBCs by using a gprotein coupled receptor namely formyl peptide receptor in mice hcv peptide ca induced massive phagocyte infiltration after i.t. in the air pouch or the sc region hcv peptide ca also acted as an immune adjuvant by enhancing specific t cell responses to ag challenge in mice our results suggest that hcv peptide ca derived from hcv regulates innate and adaptive immunity in the host by activating the formyl peptide receptor
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lowgrade endometrial stromal sarcoma lgess and endometriosis are two conditions of different prognostic significance that are usually not difficult to distinguish histologically
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the thermic effect of food during incremental cycle ergometer exercise was compared in six normal weight and six obese men mean sem and ideal body weight respectively graded exercise tests were performed T3 a h fast and min T3 the start of a kcal mixed meal on separate days the thermic of food during exercise which is the fed minus the fasting oxygen consumption vo was significantly greater for the normal than the obese men at submaximal intensities from o unloaded cycling to w p less than the mean Mw of the regressions of vo ml min on power SO w which reflects the rate of increase in SE expended relative to increases in external work performed did not differ significantly between the fed and fasting conditions for either group but the mean sem intercept was significantly higher for the normal but not the obese men in the fed than the fasting state versus ml o min for the normal men and versus ml o min for the obese men these results indicate that the TEF during exercise which is virtually absent in the obese men does not increase significantly across submaximal SP outputs for the normal men and therefore does not reflect a significant reduction in efficiency
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an empirical proteinligand binding affinity estimation method score was incorporated into a popular docking program dock the combined program scoredock was used to reconstruct the proteinligand complex structures and found to give good results for the complexes with high binding affinities a SQ assessment method for docking results from scoredock was developed based on the whole test set and tested by additionally selected complexes the method significantly improves the docking accuracy and was shown to be reliable in docking quality assessment as a docking tool in structural based drug design scoredock can screen out final hits directly based on the predicted negative logarithms of dissociation equilibrium constants of proteinligand complexes and can explicitly deal with structure water molecules as well as metal atoms
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rheumatoid ICA ra models in mice induced by immunization enable the analyses of molecular mechanism involved in disease OD progression and resolution of inflammation here we describe three different models mimicking clinic symptoms of human RA arthritis which could be transferable to any genetically modified mouse we will present the protocol for collageninduced ICA cia kbxn seruminduced arthritis sia and the antigeninduced ICA aia models to do so we will detail their way of induction but also how to analyze ra clinical score and pathology characterization finally we will briefly discuss the main characteristics and disadvantages of all three models
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both guanosine triphosphate gtp and guanylylimidodiphosphate gppnhp G1 adenylate cyclase ec in chick kidney PMs halfmaximal stimulation occurred at x m for both agents the maximum increases in adenylate cyclase activity produced by gtp and gppnhp were respectively and over basal activity at the end of a min incubation period gtp concentration was of that originally added in the presence of an atpregenerating system but less than in its absence gtp and GDP inhibited the activation of adenylate cyclase by gppnhp suggesting that they all acted at a common site gppnhp facilitated the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by bovine parathyroid hormone bpth and by the synthetic amino terminal fragment bpth decreasing the concentrations required for halfmaximal enzyme activation by a factor of approximately eight in both cases this property was not shared by the native nucleotide gtp gppnhp rendered AS at certain concentrations a synthetic parathyroid hormone peptide fragment bpth which was incapable of activating adenylate cyclase in the absence of the nucleotide analogue this suggested that the gtp analogue in addition to a direct effect upon adenylate cyclase activity was capable of influencing hormone interaction with the enzyme complex
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smpi is a proteinaceous microbial metalloproteinase inhibitor that was isolated from streptomyces nigrescens tk in smpi is known to selectively inhibit the metalloproteinases in the gluzincin family according to the rawling and barrett classification there has been no report on the interaction of a metalloproteinase in the family of gluzincins with its specific proteinaceous inhibitor we have solved the solution structure of smpi by nmr here we report the IB mode of smpi to TLN based on the model complex structure generated using our highresolution nmr structure of smpi and the crystal structure of thermolysin the obtained complex model shows that the extruded loop of smpi with the scissile bond cysval is cDNA in shape to the active cleft of thermolysin in the complex the cys p carbonyl oxygen atom can form a tetrahedral coordination to the active zinc in thermolysin and simultaneously the methyl CG of val p are closely located in the hydrophobic s pocket in TLN from the electrostatic potential surface calculation the AS loop of smpi and the AS cleft in TLN have been shown to be cDNA in the surface charge CSD resulting in the stabilization of the complex the apparently C1 AS loop is less flexible but maintains a conformation in the nano to ps timescale as elucidated from the n spin re fenestrated capillaries which are similarly permeable to hrp fenestrated capillaries and hrp leakage in optic nerve grafts are observed at days but only in grafts located ventrally in the hypothalamus at days NS axon regeneration is seen only in grafts or adjacent hypothalamus where the bloodbrain barrier is breached reg axons are closely associated with the specific glial cells of the respective VG based on these observations we conclude that bloodborne factors are necessary to initiate and sustain regeneration of transected neurosecretory axons and that such regeneration occurs only in the presence of glial cells
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a set of analytical PE surfaces pess for six singlet excited states of nocl are constructed based on multireference configuration interaction calculations the total absorption cross section at the energy range of ev is calculated by quantum dynamics calculations with the present pess and transition dipole moments the calculated absorption spectrum agrees well with the experiment it is also found that the a band with the absorption maximum at ev is attributed to the transition to the a state though the excitations to the a and a states contribute to the spectrum at the SE range between and ev the spinforbidden transitions are concluded to be negligibly weak the mechanism of photodissociation reaction at the SE region corresponding to the a band is examined the nonadiabatic transition rates from the a state to lower singlet and triplet states are estimated by fermis golden rule and the EMT to the a and a states induced by vibronic coupling are found to be the predominant dissociation pathways the experimentally observed energy dependence of the recoil anisotropy of the fragments is discussed based on the calculated nonadiabatic transition rates
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polyamine analogues show antitumor activity in exp models and their ability to alter activity of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer is well documented association of polyamines with nucleic acids and protein is included in their mechanism of action the aim of this study was to examine the interaction of human serum albumin hsa with several polyamine analogues such as diaminodiazaundecane tetrazaheptadecanehcl be and pentazahenicosanehcl be in aqueous solution at physiological conditions using a constant protein concentration and various polyamine contents microm to mm ftir uvvisible and cd spectroscopic methods were used to determine the polyamine IB mode and the effects of polyamine complexation on protein stability and secondary structure structural analysis showed that polyamines bind nonspecifically hbonding via polypeptide polar CG with binding constants of k x m kbe x m and kbe x m the protein AA structure showed L1 alterations with a reduction of alphahelix from free protein to and an increase of betasheet from free protein tive disorders and other secondary PD syndromes the frequency of lbd during different periods was fairly stable with increase of dlb and pd plus alzheimer changes but decrease of associated cerebrovascular lesions during the last decades using VL clinical diagnostic criteria not only by specified neurologists the misdiagnosis rate ranged from to and was similar to that in most previous clinicopathological studies the majority of cases with false clinical diagnosis of pd had a final pathological diagnosis of dlb with or without alzheimer lesions a postmortem series of elderly patients clinically diagnosed as PD with and without dementia showed that ipd braak stages were rarely associated with cognitive impairment which was frequently seen in ipd with associated alzheimer pathology dlb and in alzheimer disease ad or MD whereas it almost never was associated with minor cerebrovascular lesions clinicopathological studies in dbl demented and ND pd and ad cases showed a negative relation between cognitive impairment and alzheimer changes suggesting that these either CT or in combination with cortical lewy body pathologies are L1 causes of cognitive dysfunction further prospective clinicopathological studies are needed to validate the currently used clinical criteria for pd to increase the diagnostic accuracy until effective biomarkers are available and to clarify the impact of structural and PET changes on cognitive CF in parkinsonism as an ultimate goal of early disease PCD and ERP treatment
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the objective of this study was to describe the incidence of papillomatous DD in the us including regional and herd size patterns and to evaluate TPS herdlevel management AF associated with high incidence of digital dermatitis in us dairy herds the T0 design was a populationbased crosssectional survey us dairy operations with at least cows in states representing of us dairy cows were sampled on participant operations a questionnaire was administered by veterinary medical officer or animalhealth technicians onfarm to dairy managers papillomatous digital dermatitis was reported in milk cows in the previous months from of us dairy herds seventyeight percent of affected herds reported that their first cases occurred in or later regions of the usa with the highest percent of herds affected included the southwest northwest and northeast factors associated with high incidence of papillomatous DD included region herd size type of land lactating cows accessed on a daily basis flooring type where lactating cows walked percent of cows born off the T0 use of a primary hoof trimmer who trimmed cows hooves on other operations and lack of washing of hooftrimming equipment between cows PDD has been recently reported from dairy herds across the us this study suggests that a high percentage of herds with digital dermatitis could be prevented management strategies to potentially prevent or reduce incidence of DD on dairy operations include those related to biosecurity and cow hoof environmental conditions
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adults with congenital heart disease chd are an increasing population requiring cardiac operations to date the perioperative risk AF for this group have not been identified this study aimed to identify clinical morphologic and hemodynamic risk AF for an adverse outcome this T0 retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients ages years who underwent operations between january and december at a single center the composite end point of an AO was inhospital death a prolonged intensive care exceeding days or both the composite end point was reached by of the patients of the patients died within days after the operation after logistic SRA the following eight items remained significant male gender p odds ratio or confidence interval ci cyanosis p or ci functional class exceeding p or ci chromosomal abnormalities p or ci impaired renal function p or ci SVR right ventricle rv in a biventricular circulation p or ci enlargement of the systemic IVT p or ci and operation with extracorporeal circulation p or ci early mortality in the current AD chd population is low morbidity however is significant and influenced by the patients conditions male gender chromosomal abnormalities history cyanosis NY hospital association nyha class and underlying morphology SVR rv this information for a large cohort of patients could help progress toward more adequate counseling for adults with a congenital HR defect
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electronic spectra of dn transition ions in an octahedral ligand surrounding have been studied using the modified crystal field RPA mcfa which includes a relativistic spinorbital interaction a new VL parameter the effective nuclear charge zeff of a metal ion that allows accounting implicitly the covalence degree of a metalligand bond has been introduced energy diagrams similar to the tanabesugano ones have been calculated to study the spin state evolution of the metal ion in an arbitrary distorted octahedral complex a spin state diagram RPA has been proposed the intermediatespin is state problem for d d and d metal ions has been considered and conditions for the is state realization have been formulated the regions of the mixed high intermediate and lowspin states have been found the possibility of coexistence of the different spin states of d ions in the octahedral complexes has been considered using crystallography data for the ybacoo layered cobaltite
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genderspecific determinants of blood pressure bp values and control have not been the focus of clinical hypertension research the purpose of this analysis was to identify genderspecific and multilevel physician and patient determinants of bp values and predictors of uncontrolled bp we completed a subgroup analysis comparing men and women who participated in the belgian preview study of secondline treatment effectiveness of valsartan applying twolevel hierarchical modelling of day bp values and guidelinedefined bp control in total women and men were treated by general practitioners fewer women than men reached SBP sbp p and combined bp targets at days p more than of the variance in day sbp intraclass correlation coefficient icc and diastolic bp dbp icc was attributable to physicianlevel AF for men the physicianlevel iccs for sbp and dbp were and respectively for women determinants of day bp values and predictors of uncontrolled bp varied considerably by gender many of the multilevel determinants of bp by gender are amenable to MI and the remainder can serve as S1 signs to clinicians that patients may remain vulnerable to poor outcomes associated with suboptimal bp control
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the surface immunoglobulin of the transplantable lc leukaemia of strain guineapigs has been investigated the immunoglobulin is seen to be synthesized when the cells are maintained in SC indicating its intrinsic origin immunolabelling of the cell surface and immunochemical T0 of the fab released by limited surface proteolysis indicate the presence of immunoglobulin of class igm igg and free light chains were ND and there is unlikely to be an appreciable amount of immunoglobulin of any other class the amount of immunoglobulin present in terms of chain monomers is approximately molecules per cell its halflife calculated from the rate of reappearance in vitro of surface fab after proteolytic clearing is approximately hours immunoglobulin secreted into the environment appears to arise predominantly or entirely from the cell surface there is no evidence of an appreciable export of immunoglobulin which does not have a surface phase papain at mgml rapidly removes the surface fab residual fcmu can then be detected by immunofluorescence suggesting that papain cleaves surface igm at a hinge region with the molecule in situ on the membrane the released fab is only moderately susceptible to degradation by papain at the enzyme substrate ratio prevailing it has been possible to isolate it from the papain digest by immunoadsorption with a notional yield of mug per cells and then to prepare antisera against it
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the eeg of patients suffering from primary generalized myoclonic astatic epilepsy since early childhood is studied in late stages of the disease spectral analysis shows that parietal cps rhythms theta rhythms which are typical of the eeg in the early stages of the disorder can still exist in the eeg of the adult the rhythms seem to be related to the course of the epilepsy in the eeg of patients who still have seizures rhythms occur more often than in the eeg of patients who are free of seizures in the two years before the reexamination of their eeg the functional anomaly producing a cps rhythmization of the parietal eeg seems to be one pathogenetic factor in some epileptic disorders of early childhood especially in primary generalized myoclonicastatic epilepsy
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twodimensional echocardiography allows identification of myocardial perfusion defects due to CAO by PCD of RWM CA and absence of myocardial echocontrast enhancement after injection of echocontrast agents into the aortic root in the current study twelve anesthetized closed chest dogs were examined before and after balloon occlusion of a coronary vessel size of perfusion defects was determined morphologically by EB staining while the circumferential extent of regional wall motion abnormality was calculated using radial wall motion analysis of the twodimensional echocardiogram four ml of sh u were injected into the aortic root for echocontrast studies perfusion defects in the echocardiogram were determined planimetrically in the analog twodimensional echocardiographic image in addition perfusion defects in the contrast echocardiogram were estimated by a digital image processing technique along a circumferential midwall L1 along this L1 the timeintensity curves of the myocardial echocontrast were also calculated there was a linear rho between morphological determination of perfusion defects and their planimetric estimate in the contrast echocardiogram the LR equation was y x r and the standard error of estimate for the echocardiographic examination was see DIP did not increase accuracy in determining the size of perfusion defects r y x see by comparing the extent of regional wall motion CA with the size of anatomic perfusion defects there was a rho of r see y x abstract truncated at words
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to assess the prognostic value of the expression of two negative regulators of the cell cycle namely cdkninka gene product p and retinoblastoma gene product prb in UBC in relation to clinicopathological parameters proliferative fraction and p protein accumulation
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silent myocardial ischemia an important contributor to myocardial infarction sudden cardiac death ICM arrhythmias and other aspects of cardiac morbidity and mortality requires treatment two pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed to explain transient acute episodes of MI an increase in myocardial demand in coronary obstructive disease and a transient dynamic stenosis or increase in tone within the Epi CAs epidemiologic data suggest a high prevalence of asymptomatic MI and that these episodes are associated with the morbid events of ischemic HR disease several choices exist for the treatment of the condition conservative risk factor modification moderate medical intervention percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and aggressive PD bypass VG further research will elucidate the mechanisms by which the dormant atherosclerotic PI is transformed to a complicated and activated PI and by which endothelial dysfunctions contribute to coronary HR disease
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the aim of this T0 was to validate and compare the performance of SS paraquat level severity index of paraquat poisoning sipp acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ii apache ii modified simplified acute physiology score ii msaps ii and modified expanded simplified APS ii msaps iie calculated immediately after arrival on emergency department ed for assessing the mortality of acute paraquat poisoning
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although the connections of the ABR nuclei are well described in adult mammals almost nothing is known concerning how and when these connections develop the purpose of the present study was to describe the OD of the efferent projections of the cochlear nucleus cn the first CE relay station in the ascending AEP pathway of mammals we used two tracers in rats aged between embryonic day e and postnatal day p birth in the rat is at e p the carbocyanine dye dii was applied into the cn in aldehydefixed tissue the second tracer biocytin was applied into the VP acoustic stria in an in vitro slice preparation the ontogeny of the efferent projections from the cn could be divided into three periods the first period ee is characterized by axonal outgrowth axons traverse nuclei in the superior olivary complex and the lateral lemniscus and finally grow up into the VPI colliculus but axon collaterals do not form during this period the second period ep is marked by pronounced collateral branching of cn SF in ABR nuclei collateralisation in the CL IC starts shortly before that in the ipsilateral superior olivary complex the remaining auditory nuclei become successively innervated as indicated by collaterals found in them during the third period pp terminal structures mature further as shown by the morphological changes of the calyces of held in the medial nucleus of the TB in conclusion our results show that the efferent connections from the CN form over a period of almost two weeks and are laid down without forming aberrant internuclear connections on a nuclear level an adultlike projection pattern is already achieved one week prior to the ON of physiological hearing
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the society of thoracic surgeons sts congenital heart surgery DB contains data about patients with the diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries tga who underwent surgery during the year time interval from july to june inclusive this cohort includes patients with concordant atrioventricular connections and discordant ventriculoarterial connections and patients with congenitally QTc tga discordant atrioventricular connections and discordant VA connections the most common operations were the following ASO aso for tga with intact VS n aso with VVI septal defect vsd repair for tga with vsd n aso with vsd repair and aortic arch repair for tga with vsd and hypoplastic arch n and rastelli operation for tga with vsd and left VVI outflow tract one n detailed preoperative intraoperative and postoperative data were obtained about patients who underwent these operations median age at surgery days was as follows aso aso with vsd repair aso with vsd repair and aortic arch repair and rastelli mean age at surgery days was as follows aso aso with vsd repair aso with vsd repair and aortic arch repair and rastelli discharge mortality was as follows aso aso with vsd repair aso with vsd repair and aortic arch repair and rastelli median length of stay days was as follows aso aso with vsd repair aso with vsd repair and aortic arch repair and rastelli the sternum was left open in the following aso aso with vsd repair aso with vsd repair and aortic arch repair and rastelli this review of data from the sts congenital HR surgery database allows for unique documentation of patterns of practice and outcomes from this review we learned that although surgery for tga is often complex and may be associated with morbidity most patients survive without L1 complications
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the present T0 examined the evidence for the claim that response format might affect the magnitude of laterality effects by means of a metaanalysis the analysis included the effect sizes drawn from studies retrieved by voyer and relevant to the main effect of laterality and sex differences in laterality for verbal and nonverbal tasks id to obesity the potentially crucial role in adipocyte development makes it a tempting candidate for economic relevant fat related traits in farm animals the objective of our T0 was to characterize the mrna expression of different asip transcripts and of putative targets in different bovine tissues as well as to study consequences on protein abundance and localization asip mrna abundance was determined by rtqpcr in adipose and further tissues of cattle representing different breeds and crosses asip mrna was upregulated more than fold in IM fat of japanese black cattle compared to holstein p further analyses revealed that a transposonderived transcript was solely responsible for the increased asip mrna abundance this transcript was observed in single individuals of different breeds indicating a wide spread occurrence of this insertion at the asip locus in cattle the protein was detected in different adipose tissues skin lung and liver but not in skeletal muscle by western blot with a bovinespecific asip antibody however the protein abundance was not related to the observed asip mrna overexpression immunohistochemical analyses revealed a putative nuclear localization of asip additionally to the expected cytosolic signal in different cell types the expression of melanocortin receptors mcr to as potential targets for asip was analyzed by rtpcr in subcutaneous fat only mcr and mcr were detected indicating a similar receptor expression like in human AT our results provide evidence for a widespread expression of asip in bovine tissues at mrna and for the first time at protein level asip protein is detectable in adipocytes as well as in further cells of adipose tissue we generated a basis for a more detailed investigation of asip CF in IP tissues of various mammalian species
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viable cells of micrococcus luteus secrete a factor which promotes the resuscitation and growth of dormant nongrowing cells of the same organism the resuscitationpromoting factor rpf is a protein which has been purified to homogeneity in picomolar concentrations it increases the viable RCC of dormant m luteus cultures at least fold and can also stimulate the growth of viable cells rpf also stimulates the growth of several other high gc grampositive organisms including MAC mycobacterium bovis bcg mycobacterium kansasii mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium tuberculosis similar genes are widely distributed among high gc grampositive bacteria genome sequencing has uncovered examples in mycobacterium leprae and mb tuberculosis and others have been detected by hybridization in mb smegmatis corynebacterium glutamicum and streptomyces spp the mycobacterial gene products may provide different targets for the PCD and control of these important pathogens this report is thus a description of a proteinaceous autocrine or paracrine bacterial growth factor or cytokine
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the inherited betahemoglobinopathies sickle cell disease and beta thal are the result of a mutation in the AD beta globin gene the fetal globin chain encoded by the gamma globin genes can substitute for the mutated or defective beta globin chain but expression of the gamma globin gene is developmentally inactivated prior to birth reinducing expression of the normal fetal globin genes is a preferred method of ameliorating sickle cell disease and the beta thalassemias stimulation of as little as fetal globin synthesis in the bone marrow can produce HbF in the peripheral circulation due to enhanced survival of red blood cells containing both sickle and fetal hemoglobin compared to those containing HbS alone butyric acid and butyrate derivatives are generally safe compounds which induce fetal hemoglobin production by stimulating the promoter of the fetal globin genes an initial trial with the parent compound delivered as Arg butyrate has demonstrated rapid stimulation of fetal globin expression to levels that have been shown to ameliorate these conditions phase trials of an oral butyrate derivative with a long plasma halflife have just begun these agents now provide a specific new approach for ameliorating these classic molecular disorders and merit further investigation in larger patient populations
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