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dark mode in metamaterials has become a vital component in determining the merit of the fano type of interference in the system its strength dictates the enhancement and suppression in the amplitude and qfactors of resulting resonance features in this work we experimentally probe the effect of strong nearfield coupling on the strength of the dark mode in a concentrically aligned bright resonator and a dark split ring resonator srr system exhibiting the CP analog of the electromagnetically induced transparency effect an enhanced strong magnetic field between the brightdark resonators destructively interferes with the inherent magnetic field of the dark mode to CR annihilate its effect in the coupled system moreover the observed annihilation effect in the dark mode has a direct consequence on the disappearance of the srr effect in the proposed system wherein under the strong magnetic interactions the lc resonance feature of the split ring resonator becomes invisible to the incident terahertz wave
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nucleosomes appear spontaneously in elevated concentrations in the SS of patients with malignant diseases as well as during chemo and radiotherapy we analyzed whether their kinetics show typical characteristics during RCT and enable an early estimation of therapy tau we used the cell death detection elisa plus roche diagnostics and investigated the course of nucleosomes in the serum of patients with a local stage of pancreatic CA who were treated with radiochemotherapy for several weeks ten of them received postsurgical therapy received primary therapy and received therapy for local relapse blood was taken before the beginning of therapy daily during the first week once weekly during the following weeks and at the end of radiochemotherapy the response to therapy was defined according to the kinetics of ca a decrease of ca or T3 radiochemotherapy was considered as remission an increase of or which was confirmed by two following values was defined as progression patients with SD ranged intermediately most of the examined patients showed a decrease of the concentration of nucleosomes within h T3 the first dose of radiation afterwards nucleosome C2 increased rapidly reaching their maximum during the following days patients receiving postsurgery primary or relapse therapies did not show significant differences in nucleosome values during the time of treatment single nucleosome values measured at and h after the application of therapy could not discriminate significantly between patients with no progression and those with progression of disease however the area under the curve of the first days which integrated all variables of the initial therapeutic phase showed a significant rho with the progressionfree interval p our results indicate that the area under the curve of nucleosomes during the initial phase of radiochemotherapy could be valuable for the early prediction of the PFI
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the selection of recipient vessels in head and neck reconstruction is one of the key AF influencing its difficulty and outcome we report a case of a microsurgical scalp reconstruction using the zygomaticoorbital i.a. as a recipient vessela yearold woman had intractable skin ulcers on her head T3 neurosurgeries CTA findings showed that the SF TA was obstructed and that the zygomaticoorbital artery ran forward and upward she underwent scalp reconstruction using a free anterior lateral thigh flap the zygomaticoorbital artery was dissected distally cut and turned over cranially the diameter of the zygomaticoorbital i.a. was mm the blood flow through the zygomaticoorbital artery was sufficient the thinned scalp area was excised and some of the titanium devices and infectious tissues were removed an anterior lateral thigh flap measuring à cm was harvested and transferred to the defect in the head the discrepancy in calibers was within double and the zygomaticoorbital i.a. fit the descending CB of the lateral circumflex femoral artery the flap was transferred successfullythe zygomaticoorbital i.a. is one of the branches from the ECA i.a. and supports the suprazygomatic territory the zygomaticoorbital i.a. is present in to of people and originates from the STA and sometimes from the frontal CB of superficial temporal artery the mean diameter of the zygomaticoorbital artery at origin is reported to be mm the zygomaticoorbital artery is another option as a recipient vessel in head and neck reconstruction
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reduced physical performance has been observed following the halftime period in team sports players likely due to a decrease in muscle temperature during this period we examined the effects of a passive heat maintenance strategy employed between successive exercise bouts on core temperature tcore and subsequent exercise performance eighteen professional rugby union players completed this randomised and counterbalanced T0 T3 a standardised warmup wu and min of rest players completed a repeated sprint test rssa and countermovement jumps cmj thereafter in NT attire control or a survival jacket passive players rested for a further min simulating a typical halftime before performing a second rssa rssa and cmjs measurements of tcore were taken at baseline postwu prerssa postrssa and prerssa peak power output ppo and repeated sprint ability was assessed before and T3 the simulated halftime similar tcore responses were observed between conditions at baseline control ±°c passive ±°c and for all other tcore measurements taken before halftime T3 the simulated halftime the decline in tcore was lower ± vs ± p and ppo was higher ± w vs ± w p in the passive versus control condition the decline in ppo over halftime was related to the decline in tcore r p in rssa best mean and total sprint times were ± p ± p and ± p faster for passive versus control passive heat maintenance reduced declines in tcore that were observed during a simulated halftime period and improved subsequent ppo and repeated sprint ability in professional rugby union players
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to evaluate the effect of decreasing dietary protein on growth performance carcass traits and intestinal mucosal morphometry female hubbard strain broiler chickens were divided into CG and fed isoenergetic diets ad libitum from d of age until slaughter age d the treatments varied according to protein levels highprotein diet hip cp dm basis mediumprotein diet medp cp and lowprotein diet lowp diets were obtained by replacing wheat middlings with soybean meal and were formulated to meet or exceed broiler CAA requirements of the nrc morphometric indices of duodenum jejunum and ileum were measured at the end of the FF period and included villus height crypt depth villustocrypt ratio and apparent villus surface area the dietary protein level had a significant effect on final bw of birds whereas adg adfi and feed efficiency remained unaffected by dietary treatment the muscle breast and drumstick yields were significantly higher in birds fed the hip diet compared with those of the medp and lowp diets meat SQ traits were not affected by the protein level the villus surface area of all intestinal segments did not NC among CG instead reducing the dietary protein level to resulted in a higher villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum on the basis of our findings even if the highprotein diet promoted meat yield a mediumprotein diet could positively support broiler growth performance as confirmed by favorable morphometric features of the intestine
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podocyte apoptosis initiates progressive glomerulosclerosis in tgfbeta transgenic and cdapknockout cdap mice it was previously shown that in both mouse models activation of the tgfbeta pathway is the key event during OD of podocyte apoptosis furthermore cdap is an important modifier of tgfbetainduced survival signaling via activation of the phosphoinositol kinaseakt signaling pathway this article presents igfbinding protein igfbp as a new modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in glomerular podocytes high expression of igfbp protein in the urine of diseased cdap mice was discovered and igfbp expression in glomerular podocytes and parietal cells was detected igfbp can induce changes in podocyte actin cytoskeleton leads to apoptosis in cultured mu podocytes and can enhance tgfbetainduced apoptosis in vitro for studying this process on a molecular level proapoptotic p mitogenactivated protein kinase pathways and antiapoptotic PI kinaseakt pathways were examined in cultured mu podocytes it was found that igfbp increments the level of tgfbetainduced phosphorylated p mitogenactivated protein kinase and decreases the phosphorylation of antiapoptotic akt this effect is TPS for the costimulation of igfbp with tgfbeta because a combination of igfbp with bone morphogenic protein bmp another member of the tgfbeta superfamily results in apoptosis opposing signaling effects with a strong increase of phosphorylated akt and subsequent functional effects these results demonstrate that the igfigfbp axis plays an important role in the OD of podocyte apoptosis by modulation of tgfbeta and bmpinduced pro and Bcl-2 signals
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TA is an exceptional congenital malformation of the airway with fatal consequences a case of a P0 infant presenting with respiratory distress is reported laryngoscopy and HCT of the airway confirmed the diagnosis of tracheal agenesis with TE fistula and laryngeal agenesis
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this field trial evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with mgkg based on total dry matter NI of monensin sodium on bulk tank milk fat percentage mfp of commercial dairy herds interactions between monensin and nutritional factors on mfp were studied the trial was conducted in holstein dairy herds in québec canada between november and may the herd was the unit of interest enrolled herds were followed for a mo period MON treatment was randomly allocated in a crossover design where monensin was supplemented to the lactating dairy cow diet for a consecutive wk period twentyfour herds were allocated to monensin treatment for the first period of trial and herds were allocated for the second period diet composition and ration physically effective particle level were collected every wk milk fat percentage data were retrieved from weekly bulk tank measures data were analyzed in linear mixed models using repeated measures within herd where mfp was considered the outcome VL in addition to the main effect of monensin treatment the following covariates were forced a priori into all statistical models treatment period weekly herd mean parity and weekly herd mean days in milk the majority of herds were fed a total mixed ration n and were housed in tiestalls n MON significantly decreased bulk tank mfp by percentage points the reduction of mfp associated with monensin was larger for herds having a diet high in nonfiber carbohydrates having a low level of physically ERP particles in ration or mm and not FF dry hay as first meal in the morning significant interactions between MON and nutritional AF on bulk tank mfp were related to nonfiber carbohydrate and fiber concentrations in the diet
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LS has been widely accepted as a feasible and safe treatment modality in many cancers of the gastrointestinal tract however most guidelines on GBC gbc regard LS as a contraindication even for early gbc this T0 aims to evaluate and compare recent surgical outcomes of laparoscopic and OS for tab gbc and to determine the optimal surgical strategy for t gbcthe T0 enrolled patients with histopathologically proven t gbc and no PH of other cancers who underwent surgery from to at major tertiary referral hospitals with specialized biliarypancreas pathologists and optimal pathologic handling protocols median followup was months the effects of depth of invasion and type of surgery on DSS and recurrence patterns were investigatedof the patients underwent simple cholecystectomy including who underwent open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy the remaining patients underwent extended cholecystectomy fiveyear DSS rates were similar in patients who underwent simple and D2 cholecystectomy vs p as well as being similar in patients in the simple cholecystectomy group who underwent open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs p type of surgery had no effect on recurrence patternslaparoscopic cholecystectomy for t gallbladder cancer can provide similar survival outcomes compared to open surgery considering less blood loss and shorter hospital stay with better cosmetic outcome laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be justified as a ST for tb as well as ta GB CA when done by wellexperienced surgeons based on exact pathologic diagnosis
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the paper deals with the alterations in SS protein profiles and its possible rho with the worm burden in swiss white mice infected with single and repeated doses of n dubius L3 marked changes observed in serum protein fractions in all the groups were found to be further raised with increase in dose C2 however maximum optimal changes of different fractions depend on the total number of larvae inoculated irrespective of the number of inoculations given percentage of worm PR was found to be inversely proportional to the number of larvae inoculated worm expulsion during repeated infections was attributed to the therefore participation of increased amount of immunoglobulins and HI immediate typre found in an base pair bp fragment of phi x dna after exposure to nacetoxynacetylaminofluorene nacoaaf i frequent strand scissions at two TPS guanine sites on the pendlabeled fragment were identified by base sequence analysis scissions at these two CS were induced at neutral ph and they were not increased by treatment with apurinic endonuclease they are an immediate consequence of nacoaaf action and are not primarily AP sites ii alkali treatment with m piperidine at degrees c induced strand scissions at every guanine demonstrating adduct slices depurination and strand scissions iii adducted dna was CS to singlestrand TPS nuclease digestion suggesting unwound dna these studies indicate the prediliction of nacoaaf for certain dna CS and they suggest three kinds of dna modifications which can be expected T3 adduction by this carcinogen some of the sites may be premutational carcinogeninduced dna structural modifications
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cd is a type ii TM protein that can act as a receptor for macrophage migration GABA factor mif and plays a role in mifregulated responses we reported that mif inhibited OCL formation and mif knockout ko mice had decreased bone mass we therefore examined if cd was involved in the ability of mif to alter osteoclastogenesis in cultured bone marrow bm from wildtype wt and cddeficient ko male mice we also measured the bone phenotype of cd ko male mice BMC in the femur of weekold mice was measured by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry bone marrow cells from cd ko mice formed more osteoclastlike cells ocls with macrophage colonystimulating factor mcsf and receptor activator of nfκb ligand rankl both at ngml compared to wt addition of mif to wt cultures inhibited ocl formation by but had no effect on cdko cultures the number of colony forming unit GM-CSF cfugm in the bone marrow of cd ko mice was greater than in wt controls trabecular bone volume tbv in the femurs of cd ko male mice was decreased by compared to wt in addition cortical area and thickness were decreased by and respectively histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that tartrateresistant acid phosphatase trap OCL number and area were significantly increased in cd ko by and respectively compared to wt finally we examined the effect of mif on ranklinducedsignaling pathways in bone marrow macrophage bmm cultures mif treatment decreased ranklinduced nuclear factor of activated TA cytoplasmic nfatc and cfos protein in bmm cultures by and respectively our data demonstrate that cd is required for mif to affect in vitro osteoclastogenesis further the bone phenotype of cd ko mice is simizyme and allows predictions of its steadystate turnover and pump current in intact cells as a CF of ion and atp concentrations and the membrane Vc using this model we calculated the expected dependence of the pump current on voltage and extracellular na concentration the simulations indicate a lower voltage dependence at negative potentials of the kidney enzyme in comparison with HR muscle nakatpase in PA with experimental results the voltage dependence is enhanced at high extracellular na concentrations this effect can be explained by a voltagedependent depopulation of extracellular k ion IB sites on the ep state and an increase in the proportion of enzyme in the epna state in the Css this causes a decrease in the effective rate constant for occlusion of k by the ep state and hence a drop in turnover around a membrane potential of zero negligible Vc dependence is observed because the voltageindependent ek â e k transition is the L1 ratedetermining step
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although genetics determines endocrine phenotypes it cannot fully explain the great R2 and reversibility of the system in response to environmental changes evidence now suggests that epigenetics ie heritable but reversible changes in gene CF without changes in nucleotide CS links genetics and environment in shaping endocrine CF epigenetic mechanisms including dna methylation histone modification and microrna partition the genome into active and inactive domains based on endogenous and exogenous environmental changes and developmental stages creating phenotype plasticity that can explain interindividual and population endocrine R2 we will review the current understanding of epigenetics in endocrinology specifically the regulation by epigenetics of the three levels of hormone action synthesis and PR circulating and target tissue levels and targetorgan responsiveness and the epigenetic action of EDs we will also discuss the impacts of hormones on epigenetics we propose a threedimensional MM genetics environment and developmental stage to explain the phenomena related to progressive changes in endocrine functions with age the early origin of endocrine disorders phenotype discordance between monozygotic twins rapid shifts in disease patterns among populations experiencing major lifestyle changes such as immigration and the many enosis the four nr assays presented MZ toxicological profiles and rho coefficients between them were close to one there was no difference between toxicity ratios for ros assays calculated by the two methods with high correlation coefficients however in the apoptosis CA ratios calculated with the double staining technique were more accurate thus it is possible and recommended to perform nr assays on the same microplates as the other assays this double staining procedure could constitute a SQ control procedure and would allow multiparametric analysis
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aberrant dna methylation is frequently observed in adults with MDS syndrome mds and is recognized as a critical event in the diseases pathogenesis and progression this is the first report to investigate the methylation status of p and p cell cycle regulatory genes in children with mds n and JMML jmml n by using a methylationspecific polymerase chain reaction the frequency of p hypermethylation in paediatric mds was which was comparable to that in adult mds in contrast p hypermethylation in jmml was a rare event in jmml clinical and laboratory characteristics including ptpn mutations and aberrant colony formation were not different between the three patients with hypermethylated p and the others aberrant methylation of p was ND in children with either mds or jmml since p and p genes were unmethylated in two children with jmml in whom the disease had progressed with an increased number of blasts a condition referred to as blastic crisis we infer that the aberrant methylation of these genes is not responsible for the progression of jmml the results suggest that demethylating agents may be effective in most children with mds and a few patients with jmml
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it is now clear that mhcencoded molecules influence the immune response by their effects on t cell specificity however the mechanisms by which this occurs in an antigenspecific manner is not clear two broad categories of models have been proposed one postulates that ia molecules influence the t cell repertoire during ontogeny and that the clones of TA capable of recognizing the antigen in association with the nonresponder ia molecule are deleted or are never assembled the other postulates that ia molecules influence the immune response during t cell activation and that the clones of TA capable of recognizing the antigen in association with the nonresponder ia molecule are not stimulated because this ia molecule does not bind or interact well with the antigen recent experiments by several laboratories have identified allogeneic t cell clones and populations capable of responding to an antigen in association with nonresponder ia molecules this result suggested that nonresponder ia molecules are capable of interacting with antigen in a functional manner therefore it was inferred that ir gene defects must lie in the t cell repertoire however we have recently discovered several mouse t cell clones whose characteristics suggest that this conclusion might not describe the complete picture these clones have the unusual property of recognizing MCC in association with either ba or bar ia molecules but they recognize pigeon cytochrome c only in associated with ba ia molecules thus the iamoleculeantigen interaction appears to be able to affect the fine specificity of the t cell activation process interestingly the failure to respond to PCC in association with bar ia molecules correlates with the ir gene control of the response to this antigen since the bar CS is a nonresponder to pigeon cytochrome c whereas the ba strain is a responder the question we wished to address in this paper was whether the clones we had identified were representative of the t cell repertoires of both strains if so this would allow us to conclude that ia moleculeantigen interactions during t cell activation could account for ir gene control in certain situations to answer the experimental question we first examined several more t cell clones from ba x barf and bar mice to solidify our previous findings then we turned to populations of TA to determine if these findings could be generalizedabstract truncated at words
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adiposity measured as increased body mass index bmi is associated with reduced allcause and cardiovascular cv mortality in hemodialysis hd patients whereas cv risk increases with bmi in the GA population a L1 limitation of bmi as a measure of adiposity is its failure to distinguish muscle and fat compartments in addition the biology of different adipose compartments is not the same the visceral adipose tissue vat mass is especially biologically active secreting a variety of cytokines and adipokines alternate methods of estimating body composition were found to have a greater association with cv risk AF than bmi in several populations we measured total AT subcutaneous AT and vat in prevalent hd patients using magnetic resonance imaging
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improved methods are needed to dynamically image gut behaviour to assess whether NM degenerative disease is present socalled nanonaps soluble nanoformulated naphthalocyanines have been developed for p.o. to pass through the intestines and provide high contrast for visualizing bowel motion on photoacoustic imaging moreover radiotracer labelling of these NPs facilitates multimodal detection using pet
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among the rapidly growing family of protein tyrosine phosphatases ptps a subfamily of cytoplasmic ptps that contain sh domains has been identified in both mammals and drosophila these ptps each contain two tandem sh domains at their aminoterminus and a single phosphatase domain the shcontaining ptps appear to be downstream targets of growth factor receptor TKs and have been shown genetically to be required for normal development in drosophila and in the mouse accumulating biochemical and genetic data therefore suggest that shcontaining ptps might have a physiological role in intracellular signal transduction
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bradyarrhythmias cause PS such as syncope dizziness or exercise intolerance and lead to the implantation of pacemakers in germany annually they are caused either by SND sinus bradycardia sinoatrial block sinusarrest preautomatic pauses in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation chronotropic incompetence or by atrioventricular av conduction CA av block complex BBB optimal therapy of bradycardia crucially depends on ecg documentation which frequently requires holter monitoring in the case of intermittent bradycardia the differential diagnosis of the ecg can sometimes be demanding for instance in distinguishing sinus bradycardia or av block from blocked SVT premature beats in understanding chronotropic sinus node incompetence av block complete av block in atrial fibrillation bifascicular and imminent trifascicular bundle branch block or vagally induced bradycardia this review presents the ecg in bradycardia and provides tips for a confident interpretation
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after gene mutation the pcdnaapp plasmid was transfected into hek cells to establish a cell MM of alzheimers disease the cell MM was treated with donepezil or compound danshen tablets after culture for hours reverse transcriptionpcr showed that the mrna expression of AA F0 decreased in all groups following culture for hours and that there was no significant difference in the amount of decrease between donepezil and compound danshen tablets our results suggest that compound danshen tablets can reduce expression of the mrna for amyloid protein precursor in a transgenic cell MM of alzheimers disease with similar effects to donepezil
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the afferent and efferent connections of the NPH with brainstem nuclei were studied using anterograde and VA axonal transport techniques and by intracellular recordings and injections of horseradish peroxidase into PH neurons the results of experiments in which horseradish peroxidase was injected into the PH suggest that the L1 inputs to the PH arise from the ipsi and contralateral perihypoglossal nuclei particularly the prepositus hypoglossi and intercalatus VN particularly the medial VPI and VL nuclei the paramedian medullary and pontine reticular formation and from the cerebellar cortex flocculus paraflocculus and crus i the nodulus was not available for T0 regions containing fewer labeled cells included the interstitial n of cajal the rostral interstitial n of the medial longitudinal fasciculus the n of the posterior commissure the superior colliculus the n of the optic tract the extraocular motor nuclei the spinal TG n and the central C2 n the efferent connections of the PH were studied by injecting hleucine into the prepositus hypoglossi and by following the axons of intracellularly injected PH SN the results suggest that in addition to the cerebellar cortex the most important extrinsic targets of prepositus hypoglossi efferents are the vestibular nuclei particularly the medial VPI and VL nuclei and the area x the inferior olive CL dorsal cap of kooy and ipsilateral subnucleus b of the MAO the paramedian medullary and pontine reticular formation the reticular formation surrounding the parabigeminal n the contralateral superior colliculus and PT the extraocular motor nuclei particularly the contralateral abducens nucleus and the ipsilateral MR subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus the ventral lateral geniculate n and the CL thalamic nucleus other areas which were lightly labeled in the autoradiographic experiments were the contralateral spinal TG n the n raphe pontis the edinger westphal n the zona incerta and the paracentral thalamic n many of the efferent connections of the prepositus hypoglossi appear to arise from principal PH SN whose axons collateralize extensively in the brainstem on the other hand small prepositus hypoglossi neurons project to the IO and multidendritic neurons project to the cerebellar flocculus apparently without collateralizing in the brainstemabstract truncated at words
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ethylenethiourea etu was given by gavage at a dose of mgkgday from days through of gestation to hypothyroid and euthyroid rats and to rats given exogenous thyroxine to determine whether etu teratogenicity occurs through alteration of maternal thyroid CF at sacrifice on day of gestation of the fetuses in all CG given etu were malformed regardless of the thyroid status of the dams ten percent of the fetuses of dams TPTX at days of age that were not given etu were malformed no malformations were noted among the fetuses of the other groups not given etu hence etu was found to induce teratogenicity in rats but not through alteration of maternal thyroid status in addition it was determined that etu lowered T4 concentration that HT itself increased the BG level of malformations in the rat and that hypothyroidism qualitatively and quantitatively increased the incidence of specific malformations T3 etu administration
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the cornified layer of mammalian epidermis contains deiminated keratins and filaggrin whose Arg residues are partly converted to citrulline residues by peptidylarginine deiminase ec we have attempted to study dynamic aspects of protein deimination using late embryonic to early PN mouse skin the epidermis was separated from the dermis by brief immersion of skin into a weakly ALP ammonium chloride solution the total TH of the epidermis was subjected to western blotting analyses for quantitative densitometry of major keratins deiminated proteins and immunoreactive filaggrin we found marked increases in both deiminated keratins and deiminated filaggrin from the th day of gestation to h T3 birth followed by rapid decreases to minimum levels at h and subsequent gradual increases surpassing the earlier levels by h after birth such variations were associated with consistent changes of the intensity of deiminated proteins stained immunocytochemically these results suggest that the protein deimination might play a role in dealing with the drastic environmental change T3 birth furthermore we found compartmentalization of both total and deiminated filaggrins into soluble and particulate fractions the soluble compartment contained relatively more deiminated filaggrin than the particulate fraction
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in the previous report microencapsulation of lipase employing a wow multiple phase emulsion technique with PS pssbr mixture being used as a wall material was proposed catalysis of the encapsulated enzyme was investigated and the hydrolysis of triacetin triglyceride of acetic acid was successfully simulated by the reaction model based upon the michaelismenten mechanism other AF affecting the mechanism such as the masstransfer resistance of the ATP molecules through the wall and the decrease in ph due to the formation of acetic acid were also taken into consideration in this report the particular microcapsules were applied to the continuous tubular reactor system essentially a packed column reactor and longevity and mechanical strength of the microcapsules were fully demonstrated the reaction MM derived for a wellstirred batch reactor was also applicable to simulate the behaviour in the packedcolumn reactor as it was proved that there is no mass transfer resistance between the reactant stream and the surface of microcapsules the observed data agreed quite well with the calculated values similarity of the behaviours of catalysis observed between two reactor systems was thoroughly confirmed no leakage of the enzyme was detected T3 repeated usage over the duration of a few months the temperature being maintained in the range between and k and ph reset after each operation commercial feasibility of the microcapsules for the enzyme catalysis with substrates small enough to permeate through the wall was established by these fundamental investigations
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threedimensional d functional constructs with biomimetic mechanical and chemical properties are ideal for various regenerative medicine applications these properties of d fabricated constructs mainly depend on the intrinsic characteristics of the materials and fabrication method in this respect the current use of hydrogels for MSK tissue repair is not ideal due to the lack of suitable mechanical properties as well as the high biomimetic requirement for success to overcome this limitation we developed a novel functionalized hydrogel with bioactive gold nanoparticles gnps reinforcing a d printed microstructure via fused deposition modeling fdm for bone tissue regeneration we used biodegradable thermoplastic polylactic acid pla as the d printed microstructure in combination with photocurable gelatin hydrogels as the encapsulation matrix for the incorporation of cyclic rgd conjugated gnps rgnp and investigated their mechanical properties in addition human adiposederived stem cells adscs were encapsulated within the gelatin hydrogel and examined for viability morphology and osteogenic differentiation in vitro the results showed that the stiffness of the composite hydrogel on reinforcing a d printed microstructure can be readily modulated to simulate the stiffness of the human mandibular condyle adscs encapsulated in the composite structures remained viable within the hydrogel and showed excellent spreading on the d printed pla microstructure more importantly osteogenic differentiation with incorporated rgnps promoted significantly higher gene expression of osteogenic specific AF therefore reinforced composite hydrogels are suitable for SC differentiation control and bone tissue regeneration
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the solihull approach is a psychotherapeutic and behavioural MM for health visitors and other professionals working with children and families to address sleeping toileting feeding and behavioural difficulties in young children this pilot study used quantitative methods to assess the effectiveness of the solihull approach compared to standard health visitor practice at assessment the parent completed the short form parenting stress index and a VAS scale rating how severe the problem was the health visitor also completed a VAS scale rating their perception of the severity of the problem this process was repeated at the end of the intervention and again at three months followup results showed statistically significant better outcome on five out of six measures for the EG results are discussed in context of a small sample size
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the immunohistochemical CSD of renal Orn decarboxylase was studied in male mice both with and without testosterone treatment testosterone mg per mouse induced a marked increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity of the mouse kidney whereas no significant immunohistochemical difference was observed either in immunoreactivity or its localization in IN male as well as androgentreated mice dense Orn decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells were observed mainly in the cortex especially many Orn decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells were observed in the inner portion while a much weaker immunoreactivity was observed in the medulla the largest number of Orn decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells seemed to be localized in the pars recta of the proximal tubule the immunoreactivity was not detected in all the tubular cells but scattered among them the renal corpuscles were not immunoreactive in each Orn decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cell the cytoplasm showed much denser immunoreactivity than the nucleus
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enterovirus ev is one of the main pathogens responsible for hand foot and mouth disease hfmd infection with ev can lead to severe clinical disease via extensive infections of either the respiratory or alimentary tracts in children based on the previous pathological study of ev infections in neonatal rhesus macaques our work using this animal model and an ev chimera that expresses EGFP egfpev primarily explored where ev localizes and proliferates and the subsequent initiation of the pathological process the chimeric egfpev we constructed was similar to the wildtype ev wtev virus in its biological characteristics similar clinical manifestations and histopathologic features were equally displayed in neonatal Rh macaques infected with either wtev or egfpev via the respiratory route fluorescent signal tracing in tissues from the animals infected with egfpev showed that ev proliferated primarily in the RT epithelium and the associated NALT immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses revealed that ev was able to enter a preconventional dendritic cell dc population at the infection sites the viremia identified in the macaques INF by wtev or egfpev was present even in the artificial presence of a TPS antibody against the virus our results suggest that ev primarily proliferates in the respiratory tract epithelium followed by subsequent entry into a precdc population of dcs these cells are then hijacked by the virus and they can potentially transmit the virus from local CS to other organs through the blood circulation during the infection process our results suggest that the ev infection process in this dc population does not interfere with the induction of an independent immune response against the ev infection in the neonatal macaques
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magnitudereconstructed short inversiontime ti inversionrecovery ir sequences have the advantage of reducing the signal of fat while providing additive t and t contrast a doubleecho short ti ir sequence was implemented to offer different degrees of t and tdependent image contrast in consecutive patients with proved CL PT metastases hemangiomas seven other primary CL tumors images obtained with a doubleecho ir sequence at a TR time tr of msec echo time te of and msec and ti of msec trteti were compared with those obtained with spinecho se sequences at a tr of msec and a te of msec trte and metastasesliver C/N ratios were highest at se followed by ir and se ir and se sequences consistently showed higher sensitivity for the PCD of metastases than tweighted se sequences differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions was more reliable with tweighted se sequences than tweighted short ti ir sequences
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many patients with TLE display neuron loss in the dentate gyrus one potential epileptogenic mechanism is loss of gabaergic interneurons and inhibitory synapses with granule cells stereological techniques were used to estimate numbers of gephyrinpositive punctae in the DG which were reduced shortterm days after pilocarpineinduced SE but later rebounded beyond controls in epileptic rats stereological techniques were used to estimate numbers of synapses in electron micrographs of serial sections processed for postembedding gabaimmunoreactivity adjacent sections were used to estimate numbers of granule cells and glu decarboxylasepositive SN per DG gabaergic neurons were reduced to of control C2 ST where they remained in epileptic rats integrating synapse and cell counts yielded average numbers of gabaergic synapses per granule cell which decreased ST and rebounded in epileptic animals beyond control levels axoshaft and axospinous gabaergic synapse numbers in the outer molecular layer changed most these findings suggest interneuron loss initially reduces numbers of gabaergic synapses with granule cells but later synaptogenesis by surviving interneurons overshoots control C2 in contrast the average number of excitatory synapses per granule cell decreased ST but recovered only toward control C2 although in epileptic rats excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer were larger than in controls these findings reveal a relative excess of gabaergic synapses and suggest that reports of reduced PET inhibitory synaptic input to granule cells in epilepsy might be attributable not to fewer but instead to abundant but dysfunctional gabaergic synapses
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how pathogens affect their hosts is a key question in infectious disease ecology and it can have important influences on the spread and persistence of the pathogen sin nombre virus snv is the etiological agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps in humans a better understanding of snv in its reservoir host the deer mouse could lead to improved predictions of the circulation and persistence of the virus in the mouse reservoir and could help identify the AF that lead to increased human risk of hps using markrecapture statistical modeling on longitudinal data collected over years we found a decrease in the survival of male deer mice with antibodies to snv compared to uninfected mice both male and female there was also an additive effect of breeding condition with a decrease in survival for INF mice in breeding condition compared to uninfected nonbreeding mice the data identified that transmission was consistent with densitydependent transmission implying that there may be a critical host density below which snv cannot persist the notion of a critical host density coupled with the previously overlooked diseaseinduced mortality reported here contribute to a better understanding of why snv often goes extinct locally and only seems to persist at the metapopulation scale and why human spillover is episodic and hard to predict
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evidence for accelerated specific antibody ab rebound or overshoot after single or multiple therapeutic plasmapheresis tp is fragmentary but suggested by both clinical and experimental evidence in vitro studies showing increased IP blood lymphocyte turnover and total immunoglobulin production T3 a series of tp without immunosuppion of virus from vesicle fluid dried on glass slides and overall the method was five times more sensitive than conventional TC the method described is simple CS and informative and provides a means by which questions about the epidemiology and clinical biology of vzv infection may begin to be addressed
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fetal karyotyping of trophoblast cells obtained by lavage of the uterine cavity was evaluated on firsttrimester irrigation fluid samples villus fragments were observed in fluid samples indicating an per cent sampling success rate the amount of villi in these samples ranged from to mg in most cases villus fragments showed degeneration of the external syncytiotrophoblast layer and absence of blood vessels in the first phase of this T0 samples a high degree of maternal cell contamination was observed after longterm cultures in the following phase samples this obstacle was overcome by the application of a semidirect method chromosome preparations were set up after h incubation of villus fragments and qfqbanded metaphase spreads were scored for chromosome number and sex sixty samples showed the presence of villus fragments and the fetal karyotype was established in male and female chromosome complements were observed in and cases respectively in four cases an abnormal fetal karyotype was diagnosed these included trisomy of chromosomes and and one mosaic with trisomy our results indicate that firsttrimester fetal karyotyping might be feasible by a semidirect method using chorionic villus fragments obtained at intrauterine lavage
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in patients with ulcerative colitis TB fat TB protein and TBW were measured before and two weeks three months and twelve months after the establishment of an ileoanal jpouch anastomosis the patients underwent elective surgery for their inflammatory bowel disease but were significantly protein depleted before surgery when their BC was first measured twelve months later all patients were in good health back to work and had normally SF-36 pouches average stool frequency per day as a group their stores of body protein and hydration state had returned to normal limits although their body fat stores were increased over the postoperative period there were significant losses of weight protein fat fatfree mass and total body water these levels had returned to preoperative values but not to normal three months later it is concluded that protein depleted patients with ulcerative colitis presenting for major surgery continue to have distorted BC for several months T3 surgery but T3 approximately months when they have returned to work and feel well body composition has returned to normal
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this study was designed to investigate the influence of dietary sodium restriction on plasma and urine dopamine levels five normal WG male volunteer subjects wee studied in metabolic balance at constant meq sodium meq potassium NI and then daily for days on an isocaloric constant diet of meq sodium and meq potassiumday with dietary sodium restriction urinary sodium excretion decreased from meqday in stepwise fashion to meqday p less than on day on the D1 of dietary sodium restriction a sodium deficit of meq was associated with a decrease in supine plasma dopamine concentration from to pgml p less than values for days but decreased again to pgml p less than on day of sodium restriction and remained significantly lower than control on days of sodium restriction p less than supine plasma norepinephrine concentration increased from to pgml p less than on day of sodium restriction and remained elevated during each subsequent day of low sodium NI p less than supine plasma EN concentration was unchanged by sodium restriction urinary dopamine excretion decreased from to microgramh p less than on day of sodium restriction and remained significantly low during each subsequent day of low sodium intake urinary norepinephrine was unchanged by sodium restriction the data indicate a variable decrease in plasma dopamine concentration and a constant decrease in urinary dopamine excretion during the course of dietary sodium restriction in man
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to explore the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor sehi on the expressions of fatty acid synthase fasn mrna and protein in peripheral blood MNC pbmcs of patients with acute coronary syndrome acs and to discuss the influences of sehi in the regulated expression of fasn and inflammatory reaction
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the purpose of this T0 was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined approach on the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ohss in high risk patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for ivf the combined approach consisted of stepdown administration of gonadotropins lowering the dose of human chorionic gonadotropin intravenous Al infusion at the time of oocyte retrieval and progesterone use for luteal support total of high risk patients with a serum estradiol level pmoll or pgml on hcg day were managed by this combined RPA and their results were compared with low risk patients in all high risk patients the gonadotrophin dose were decreased starting as early as on day of ovarian stimulation as necessary ovulation was triggered by a decreased hcg dose of iu according to the level of estradiol intravenous infusion of human albumin ml were given just h before the oocyte retrieval and luteal support was provided either by mg progesterone in oil im or mg micronized progesterone orally or vaginally until the day of betahcg determination all patients were followed by serial ultrasonographic examinations and CR blood count analysis T3 embryo transfer to detect the early signs of ohss and to allow early intervention age and duration of infertility were similar in both groups although the number of gonadotrophin ampoules used versus p was significantly lower estradiol C2 pmoll versus pmoll p and mean number of oocytes versus p were significantly higher in T0 group there was no significant difference between groups in terms of the mean number of transferred embryos versus and rate of pregnancies versus there was only one moderate and no severe ohss case in the high risk group while five moderate and one severe ohss cases developed in the control group consisting of low risk patients in conclusion intravenous Al combined with low dose hcg early stepdown administration of gonadotropins and progesterone use for luteal support so called combined RPA proved to be effective in the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in documented high risk patients
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the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene bb is directly related to the covalent binding of both initially formed epoxide and AA quinone metabolites to at least different liver proteins bromophenol bp is a significant bb metabolite and a precursor to reactive quinone metabolites yet when administered exogenously it has negligible hepatotoxicity as compared to bb the protein adducts of bp were thus labeled as nontoxic monks t j hinson j a and gillette j r life sci to help identify which bbderived adducts might be related to its cytotoxicity we sought to identify the supposedly nontoxic adducts of bp and eliminate them from the bb target protein list administration of cbp to phenobarbitalinduced rats resulted in CB of and nmol equiv bpmg protein in the mitochondrial microsomal and cytosolic fractions respectively these values may be compared to published values of nmolmg protein from a comparable dose of cbb T3 subcellular fractionation and d electrophoresis radioactive spots on d gels of the mitochondrial microsomal and cytosolic fractions were excised digested and analyzed by lcmsms twentynine of these spots contained apparently single proteins of which were nonredundant nine of the are known bb targets incubating freshly isolated rat hepatocytes with bp mm produced time and concentrationdependent increases in LDH and changes in cellular morphology lcmsms analysis of the CC medium revealed rapid and extensive sulfation and glucuronidation of bp as well as formation of a quinonederived glutathione conjugate studies with hydroxycoumarin borneol or dgalactosamine showed that inhibiting the glucuronidationsulfation of bp increased the formation of a gshbromoquinone adduct increased CB of bp to hepatocyte proteins and potentiated its cytotoxicity taken together our data demonstrate that protein adduction by bp metabolites can be toxicologically consequential and provide a mechanistic explanation for the failure of exogenously administered bp to cause hepatotoxicity thus the probable reason for the low toxicity of bp in vivo is that rapid conjugation limits its oxidation and covalent IB and thus its toxicity
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seven cases of primary macular amyloidosis were studied on skin biopsies the CR stain was positive only in three cases whereas the ultrastructural observation allowed for the PCD of amyloid deposits in all biopsies fibrillary degeneration of basal keratynocytes was occasionally observed and regressive changes of keratynocytes and dermal nerve bundles presumably related to the intensity of the scratch trauma were detected in one case in six biopsies mast cell profiles exhibiting various degrees of degranulation were detected in the dermis melanosome aggregates were also observed consistently in dermal macrophages and occasionally in schwann cells a VL degree of structural alteration was observed in dermal unmyelinated nerve SF even if the intimate mechanism of amyloid deposition was not explained by the ultrastructural study this RPA is a useful SF-36 in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous macular hyperpigmented lesions
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idiopathic short stature iss refers to extreme SS without any diagnostic explanation recently three genomewide association studies discovered associations between the zbtb and AD height in different populations therefore variations in the zbtb might contribute to iss furthermore one study in korean population showed that zbtb gene was significantly associated with AD height but not with iss we want to examine whether the variants in zbtb are associated with iss in chinese han
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anesthetics and ethanol are known to produce amnesia as well as immobilization recent identification of a nonimmobilizing nonanesthetic agent f or dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane that impairs learning and memory suggests that distinct mechanisms may be responsible for these two actions of anesthetic agents muscarinic receptors are believed to play a role in memory and learning and we asked if a TPS subtype of these receptors is affected by anesthetics as well as the new nonanesthetic we investigated the effects of halothane a novel halogenated anesthetic compound f chlorotrifluorocyclobutane and ethanol on acetylcholineinduced current mediated by a muscarinic m receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes we also studied the effects of halogenated nonanesthetic EDC f and f chlorooctafluorobutane on muscarinic m receptors halothane f f and ethanol inhibited muscarinic m receptorinduced cadependent cl currents at pharmacologically relevant concentrations f had no effect on acetylcholineinduced muscarinic m receptor CF the H7 bisindolylmaleimide i gfx enhanced the acetylcholineinduced current and the protein kinase c activator phorbol myristate acetate pma inhibited this current gfx abolished the GABA effects of halothane f and ethanol on muscarinic m receptors but had no effect on actions of f these results demonstrate that anesthetics and a nonanesthetic inhibit the CF of muscarinic m receptors and suggest activation of protein kinase c as the mechanism of action of anesthetics and ethanol on these receptors
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this paper reviews the OD of the combination of modified vaccinia ankara mva to deliver the tumorassociated antigen t as a novel immunotherapeutic vaccine the oncofetal antigen t is highly expressed in of breast kidney colorectal prostate and ovarian carcinomas making it an ideal antigen for vaccine therapy to date more than doses of mvat have been po to colorectal renal and prostate CA patients with rare occurrences of grade or vaccinationrelated adverse events being observed studies have demonstrated that mvat is safe and highly immunogenic both as monotherapy and in combination with other standard of care therapies although an immune response has been observed antitumor activity has been modest or absent in clinical trials a phase iii trial resulted in the OD of an immune response surrogate that is to be applied to all future mvat clinical trials with minimal SE and the ability to produce a strong immunogenic response mvat is a viable addition to the CA therapy arsenal
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the design of liquid crystalline hydrogels knitted with silver nanoparticles in macroscopic ordering is becoming a subject of research interest due to their promising multifunctional applications in biomedical and optoelectronic applications the present work describes the development of liquid crystalline schiffbased hydrogel decorated with silver nanoparticles and the demonstration of its antifungal applications SB was prepared from polyglucanaldehyde and chitosan and the former was prepared by the oxidation of amylose polyglucopyranose isolated from abundantly available unutilized jackfruit seed ST selfassembled silver columns decorated with macroscopically ordered networks were prepared in a single step of in situ condensation and a reductioncomplexation process the various noncovalent interactions among the oh câo and nh impart rigidity and ordering for the formation of macroscopically ordered LC hydrogel and the agi complexation evidenced from the studies made by ftir spectroscopy in combination with rheology and microscopic techniques such as sem tem afm xrd and plm the antifungal studies were screened using species of candida by disc diffusion method the mic and mfc values in vitro antifungal studies ROS species ros production and propidium iodide pi uptake results suggest that the present macroscopically ordered liquid crystalline hydrogel system can be considered an excellent candidate for topical applications all these results suggest that this design strategy can be exploited for the incorporation of biologically relevant metal nanoparticles for developing unique robust hydrogels for multifunctional applications
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increasing evidence demonstrates that the ARV drugs arvds used for human immunodeficiency virus hiv treatment have toxic effects that result in various cellular and tissue pathologies however their impact on the cells composing the bloodbrain barrier is poorly understood the current study focused on arvds used either in combination or CT on the induction of endoplasmic reticulum er AS responses in human BB EC cells among studied drugs efavirenz tenofovir emtricitabine lamivudine and indinavir only efavirenz increased er stress via upregulation and activation of protein kinaselike er kinase perk and inositol requiring kinase α ireα at the same time efavirenz diminished autophagic activity a surprising result because typically the induction of er AS is linked to enhanced autophagy these results were confirmed in MV of hiv transgenic mice chronically administered with efavirenz in a series of further experiments we identified that efavirenz dysregulated er stress and autophagy by blocking the activity of the beclinatgpikiii complex in regard to synthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphate a process that is linked to the formation of autophagosomes because autophagy is a protective mechanism involved in the removal of dysfunctional proteins and organelles its inhibition can contribute to the toxicity of efavirenz or the OD of neurodegenerative disease in hiv patients treated with this drug
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SD of neural norepinephrine by reserpine treatment or by denervation resulted in a greater induction of serotonin nacetyltransferase ec and a higher elevation of cAMP in postsynaptic pineal cell to small amount of isoproterenol this increase in responsiveness occurs rapidly within hr after treatment with RES repeated administration of isoproterenol to the DNX or reserpinetreated rats not only suppressed the superinduction but also caused a decreased response to isoproterenol in cultured pineal cells cultured pineal cells from denervated or reserpinetreated rats were about times more responsive to small amounts of isoproterenol the response of cultured pineal cells of rats which were repeatedly injected with isoproterenol was markedly reduced after exposure to submaximal amounts of CAs the maximal increase in nacetyltransferase was the same in DNX reserpinetreated isoproterenoltreated and UT pineal cells exposure of rats to continuous lighting a procedure that reduces SNA resulted in a superinduction of pineal nacetyltransferase by isoproterenol these observations indicate that the responsiveness of the postsynaptic betaadrenergic receptor is conditioned by prior SE to its agonist norepinephrine decreased norepinephrine results in supersensitivity and repeated exposure to C1 amounts of CAs causes subsensitivity tolerance
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the major glycopeptide fractions of the alpha and betachains of DR and dqw molecules were isolated on columns of immobilized concanavalin a con a LCA lens ricinus communis agglutinin type i rca and leukophytohemagglutinin oligosaccharides were prepared from these fractions by enzymatic digestion with endoglycosidases h or f and were analyzed on biogel p the glycopeptides tightly bound to con a cona iii were mostly associated with alphachains and were resolved as a single oligosaccharide peak kd on biogel p T3 endo h digestion man is the minimal polymannosyl structure which can be deduced for the cona iii fractions of either dqw or dr OS the major component of the glycopeptides of the alphachains of either dr or dqw molecules which were weakly bound to con a cona ii fraction did not interact with rca before or after mild acid hydrolysis or neuraminidase treatment this component represents a biantennary complex with neither terminal galactose nor sialic acid residues with a minimal structure terminating in nacetyl glucosamine on the mannose alpha arm referred to as gnm the cona ii fractions which constitute of the total glycopeptides of betachains are associated primarily with fucosylated sialylated biantennary oligosaccharides not seen on the alphachains the cona i unbound fractions of either alpha or betachains were mostly bound to rca after mild acid hydrolysis suggesting that the minimal structure was a sialylated triantennary structure the major component associated with the betachains was bound to lens such that a more definite structural assignment can be made ie a triantennary structure with the mannose on the alpha arm substituted at c and c the OS of alpha and betachains were resolved as broad peaks on biogel p suggesting that a mixture of tri and tetraantennary structures with variable degrees of sialylation and galactosylation were present the structural differences reported here between oligosaccharides of alpha and betachains of dqw and of the two subsets of dr molecules could be responsible in part for the differential recognition properties expected of human class ii molecules encoded by distinct loci
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the HVC hvc of the songbird forebrain exhibits persistent neurogenesis in adulthood particularly in a region of the mediocaudal neostriatum that is associated with a subventricular SL of estrogen receptive cells we asked whether estrogens might influence AD neurogenesis by assessing the effect of ovariectomy on hvc neuronal production in the AD female canary fifteen yearold females were separated into CG of ovariectomized estradiolreplaced ovariectomized and gonadally IN birds to label dividing cells and their progeny the birds were given hthymidine for days killed days later and their brains autoradiographed a significant rise was noted in the number of hvc neurons per section in estradioltreated birds relative to the UT control birds the number of hthymidinelabeled hvc neurons was also higher in the estrogentreated birds however the neuronal labeling index li did not vary as a CF of estradiol replacement as the total number of hvc neurons rose in parallel with the added new neurons in contrast the neuronal li did rise as a result of ovariectomy and this ovariectomyassociated increase in the li was not reversed by estradiol among nonneuronal cell types the EC li was higher in estrogentreated birds than in their UT counterparts suggesting estrogenassociated angiogenesis radioimmunoassay confirmed that serum estradiol was reduced in the castrated birds since estrogen appeared to promote the survival of hthymidine neurons we next sought to determine whether estrogen acted directly on the newly generated SN or rather indirectly through an intermediary cell population to this end we asked whether the new SN or their precursors expressed estrogen receptor immunoreactivity erir five AD male canaries were given hthymidine for periods ranging from to days killed at varying times up to weeks thereafter then probed for erir and autoradiographed hthymidine cells displayed no detectable erir within their first weeks of postmitotic life rather during migration from the ventricular zone vz the new SN traversed a layer of mitotically quiescent er subventricular cells double labeling for erir and celltype selective antigens confirmed that these er cells were neurons these results indicate that the early survival of new SN in the adult songbird hvc is promoted by estrogen and may be mediated by the estrogenstimulated paracrine PR of neurotrophic agents by erir subventricular neurons our data suggest that Es promotion of neuronal survival may operate concurrently with an estrogenindependent ovarian suppression of neuronal mitogenesis
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in the past pain control for chronic pain syndromes using narcotic infusion has been carried out primarily via the intrathecal subarachnoid route this report presents one of the first large series of terminally ill CA patients with intractable pain treated with continuous epidural morphine infusions by means of implanted pumps and EPI spinal catheters the purpose of the study was to demonstrate that the epidural route is effective with minimal complications and that screening with temporary EPI catheter infusions results in a high rate of subsequent pain relief a multidisciplinary team neurosurgeon anesthesiologists psychiatrists oncologists and nurse clinicians evaluated and treated all of the patients studied percutaneous placement of temporary EPI catheters for a trial assessment was performed by the anesthesiologists pain evaluations were conducted independently by psychiatrists using both verbal and visual analog scales from to of patients evaluated for eligibility experienced good pain control during trial assessment and were subsequently implanted with infusaid infusion pumps preinfusion pain analog values were and postimplantation values at month were p less than over this same month period requirements of SVR morphine equivalents decreased by with epidural infusions as compared to preinfusion requirements p less than there were no instances of epidural scarring respiratory depression epidural infections meningitis or catheter blockage one patient developed apparent drug tolerance and three patients required further catheter manipulations this series strongly suggests that significant reductions in CA pain can be obtained with few complications and a low morphine tolerance rate using chronic EPI morphine infusion anesthesiology and psychiatry input along with temporary catheter infusion screening and quantitative pain evaluations using analog scales are essential
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the significance and etiology of focal BB lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus sle are unknown our purpose was to determine whether the neurochemistry of focal lesions and normal appearing brain tissues in sle were consistent with neuronal loss demyelination or ischemia
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in this article we present the T0 financed by the sanitary investigations fund fis with the objectives to prove that the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional ventilatory response at weaning dwru incorporated to the taxonomy of the north american nursing diagnosis association nanda is valid in spain as well as identify the items which configure its definition a descriptive observational T0 was performed in nine intensive care units belonging to six autonomous communities including as T0 subjects male and female nurses who are experts in yhe care of critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation the model of validation proposed by fehring and the delphi technique were used the data were analysed calculating the average of the weights of each defining feature percentage and average calculus opinion percentages about the related factors variability calculus and factorial analysis of the result the results make us conclude that spanish nurses who have experience in taking care of critically ill patients identify dwru as a phenomenon which patients in our environment present and which can be treated by them besides the identification of levels of dwru into severe moderate and slight which the nanda suggests is better applied using an association of AF than defining higher and lower features
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from to patients who had FAP fap were treated at the authors institution most patients n presented as a result of a previous family history of fap eighteen patients presented with symptomatic Tc disease that included bloody stools n diarrhea n and ABD pain n treatment consisted of a total colectomy rectal mucosectomy and straight endorectal pullthrough erpt in of patients one patient preferred to undergo an ileoanal j pouch reconstruction a temporary diverting loop ileostomy was performed in patients and closed at an average of days T3 the erpt followup has been achieved in of the patients and ranges from to months with an average of months postoperative complications included partial bowel one two patients one requiring enterolysis and mild pouchitis one patient two of the patients required proctectomy and permanent ileostomy procedures one for rectal cancer that was present microscopically in the initial rectal specimen from the erpt and the other because of recurrent anastomotic complications no patient required revision of the straight pullthrough to a pouch or takedown of the pullthrough as a result of persistent diarrhea or dissatisfaction all of the patients are continent and deny any soiling during bouts of gastroenteritis the mean number of bowel movements reported was per day at the first postoperative clinic visit with a gradual decreased to six per day T3 years initial use of bulking and antimotility agents decreased significantly over the course of followup to and respectively at the most recent followup average months of each patient pelvic sepsis which occurs in of most series of patients who have pouches did not occur in any of our patients pouchitis a common complication with pouches occurred in only one of the patients and was mild and easily treated medically this series demonstrates that total colectomy with rectal mucosectomy and straight erpt eliminates the risk of CC and achieves continence with a low complication rate and excellent PET results and patient satisfaction
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to assess the impact of mass vaccination campaigns using OPV vaccine opv in madagascar serum neutralizing antibodies and geometrical mean titres gmts to PV were measured among children aged up to months before and after the mass campaign regardless of their previous PH of routine vaccination in this T0 overall coverage with three routine and two mass campaign opv doses was and respectively seroprevalences to all PV types were significantly higher after the mass campaign among the children who were not vaccinated through routine programme vs p for type vs p for type and vs p for type geometrical mean titres to all PV types also significantly increased after the mass campaign among the same T0 group vs p for type vs p for type and vs p for type postmass campaign seroprevalences and gmts for PV especially types and among children who received up to two routine and two mass campaign opv doses were significantly higher than premass campaign seroprevalences among children who received three routine opv doses reasons for lack of adherence to the vaccination programme and the mass campaign are discussed the findings strongly support the who strategy of conducting mass campaign in all endemic countries however as the mass campaign strategy now has been discontinued it is crucial to increase the routine coverage and to improve AFP surveillance in order to fulfil the goal of poliomyelitis eradication
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sexual difficulties are highly prevalent in male patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia recently several studies have been conducted on the effects of cardiovascular diseases as well as associated drug and nondrug treatments on nocturnal penile tumescence npt and other measures of SF although an overall trend has been observed toward decreased npt in patients with chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions design and methodological difficulties have been noted in most studies and results have been generally inconclusive similarly antihypertensive drugs such as betablockers and diuretics have been associated with diminished npt in several studies although methodological problems have again been noted furthermore the mechanism of action of antihypertensive drugs on sleeprelated erections has not been determined most recently a positive effect of cholesterollowering drugs PV lovastatin on npt has been observed in MA males with chronic hypercholesterolemia additional studies of the effects of cardiovascular disease on npt and other measures of SF are needed
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seventeen pharmaceutically active compounds and other trace organic pollutants were analysed regularly in the influent and permeate from a semireal plant treating municipal wastewater the plant was operated during months with different configurations which basically differed in the type of biomass present in the system these processes were the integrated fixedfilm G1 sludge MBR ifasmbr which combined suspended and attached biomass the moving bed MBR mbmbr only attached biomass and the mbr only suspended biomass moreover removal rates were compared to those of the wastewater treatment plant wwtp operating nearby with conventional G1 sludge treatment reverse osmosis ro was used T3 the pilot plant to improve removal rates the highest beta was found for the ifasmbr especially for hormones removal this was attributed to the presence of biofilm which may lead to different conditions aerobicanoxicanaerobic along its profile which increases the degradation possibilities and also to a higher sludge age of the biofilm which allows complete acclimation to the contaminants operating conditions played an important role high mixed liquor suspended solids mlss and sludge PR time srt being necessary to achieve these high removal rates although pharmaceuticals and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates showed high removal rates nonylphenols and phthalate could only be removed to ro significantly increased removal rates to mean removal rate
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nitric oxide synthase nos can be demonstrated in the sarcolemma region of myofibers in rodent skeletal muscles with the use of nadph diaphorase histochemistry since other especially intrafibrar enzymes also exhibit nadph diaphorase activity we tried to increase the specificity of the histochemical reaction for nos a qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on cryostat sections of FO myofiberrich tongue and EDL glycolytic myofibersrich TA derived from c mice and nos deficient knockout mice all myofibers of both c mice and nos KO mice contained significant intrafibrar nadph diaphorase activity which was inhibited to almost BG levels when m urea was added to the incubation medium on the other hand myofibers of c mice but not of nosdeficient KO mice exhibited nadph diaphorase activity in their sarcolemma region which was only weakly reduced in the presence of m urea as was demonstrated by image analysis quantitative data on the activity of nadph diaphorases were obtained in situ by photometric analysis of formazan extracted from cryostat sections the catalytic activity in tongue and TA muscle was reduced in presence of m urea to approximately in c mice and to in nos KO respectively an in vitro nadph diaphorase CA performed on homogenates of skeletal muscles also revealed an inhibitory effect of m urea in both mouse strains and additionally indicated an upregulation of nadph diaphorase activity in nos KO mice finally an immunodepletion analysis demonstrated that nos comprises of the total nadph diaphorase activity in tongue and approximately in TA muscle in c mice in conclusion we recommend the addition of m urea to the incubation medium to increase the specificity of the nadph diaphorase reaction to localise nos with the use of catalytic histochemistry
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human ageing is a complex trait that involves the synergistic action of numerous biological processes that interact to form a complex network here we performed a network analysis to examine the interrelationships between physiological and psychological functions disease disability quality of life lifestyle and behavioural risk AF for ageing in a cohort of subjects aged ⥠years we considered associations between numerical and categorical descriptors using effectsize measures for each variable pair and identified clusters of variables from the resulting pairwise effectsize network and MST we show by way of a correspondence analysis between the two sets of clusters that they correspond to coarsegrained and finegrained structure of the network relationships the clusters obtained from the MST mapped to various conceptual domains and corresponded to physiological and syndromic states hierarchical ordering of these clusters identified six common themes based on interactions with physiological systems and common underlying substrates of ageassociated morbidity and disease chronicity functional disability and SQ of life these findings provide a starting point for indepth analyses of ageing that incorporate immunologic metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers and ultimately offer lowlevelbased typologies of healthy and unhealthy ageing
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there are several methods of modifying bovine genomes PN microinjection is more widely used but it is still to be improved searches for alternatives have lead to the development of new methods including smgt sperm mediated gene transfer in which live spermatozoa are used as vehicles for dna delivery during in vitro fertilization in previous studies we presented evidence that a highly repetitive alulike repeat favours transgenesis by HR hr up to integration via hr was obtained following PN microinjection of a pst betaactin gfp dna construction in the present study we show that hrmediated integration is also possible using smgt since bovine spermatozoa electroporated with the same dna construct are able to transfer it to a high proportion of embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization SU selected bovine spermatozoa were mixed with the pst betaactin gfp construct x spermatozoids were incubated with ng of mudna submitted or not to electroporation v f and treated or not with dnase i the process of electroporation itself did not affect in vitro embryonic OD however oocytes fertilized with electroporated dnatreated spermatozoa developed beyond the cell stage in proportions that were significantly lower with pst betaactin gfp and with betaactin gfp compared to the control without dna on the other side the use of electroporation significantly increased the uptake of dna the number of homologous recombination events detected by pcr went from without electroporation to T3 electroporation in conclusion our results confirm that spermatozoa electroporation combined with rat recombination in a highly repetitive pst CS is a feasible method to obtain transgenic bovine embryos
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the chelate molecule ethylenediamine has been incorporated onto the surface of cellulose by sequential reaction of cellulose fibres with phosphorous oxychloride followed by the chelating agent the modified material celnn retained its fibrous nature and was shown to be efficient at adsorbing divalent metal cations from water by complexation adsorption isotherms were determined for suspensions of celnn in metal ion solutions of different concentrations and the data were adjusted to fit the modified langmuir equation the maximum numbers of moles of cu ni and zn adsorbed per gram of modified cellulose were x x and x respectively the thermodynamic effects related to the adsorption of metal ion onto the cellulose surface were determined by calorimetric titration gibbs free SE was spontaneous for all interactions the adsorption processes all exhibited endothermic enthalpy values and were accompanied by increases in entropy
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the effect of prestrain on tensile and compressive behaviors of singlelayer black phosphorus slbp in both armchair and zigzag directions is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations prestrain is carried out by stretching or compressing slbp in an orthogonal inplane direction the results show that the overall mechanical properties of slbp including youngs modulus tensile strength compressive strength and yield strength are enhanced with an increase in compressive prestrain but are reduced with an increased tensile prestrain with the same value of prestrain slbp exhibits unidirectionalhomogeneous characteristics for tensile and compressive deformation it is demonstrated that the armchairoriented prestrain leads to a more significant improvement in the overall mechanical properties than the zigzagoriented prestrain indicating the anisotropic deformation behavior due to the characteristic puckers in slbp this work also reveals the mechanisms of prestrain underlying the mechanical behaviors of slbp at the nanoscale suggesting that the application of prestrain is an ERP way to modify the mechanical properties of twodimensional materials
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acnu aminomethylpyrimidinyl methylchloroethylnitrosourea hydrochloride one of the chloroethylnitrosoureas cenus is believed to be effective against malignant glioma when intravenously or intrathecally po a rat MM with meningeal gliomatosis mg induced by an intracisternal inoculation of rat c or l glioma cells was intrathecally and intravenously treated with acnu in order to test the feasibility of intrathecal chemotherapy with acnu in the treatment of MG the median survival time mst of the animals was significantly prolonged when acnu was intrathecally po at dosages of to mg kg in the early stages of mg ie within days after the tumour inoculation whereas intravenous therapy with acnu at a dose of mg kg did not exhibit any tau in the rats inoculated with c glioma cells cmg intrathecal acnu however at dosages of up to mg kg failed to demonstrate any therapeutic effect in the late stage of mg ie days after the tumour inoculation except in the rats inoculated with l BB tumour cells lmg intravenous chemotherapy with acnu at a dose of mg kg D2 the mst of the lmg rats more significantly in the late stage of mg than in its early stage this points to the feasibility of intrathecal acnu in the treatment of MG in its early stages but not in its late stages in which intravenous acnu might be more effective than intrathecal treatment against mg of which the parenchyma has already been deeply invaded by the tumour
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this study was undertaken to compare the effect of year hemodialysis hd or hemodiafiltration hdf treatment on peripheral neuropathy thus of patients on chronic hd m cuprophane dialyzer qb mlmin were switched to hdf m polysulfone dialyzer qb mlmin substitution volume liters UF rate mlmin while the remaining patients were considered as a control group treatment time was scheduled both in hd and hdf to maintain adequate bun levels in relation to protein catabolic rate however hdf provided a significantly greater weekly inulin mw clearance than hd vs mlmin p less than hd and hdf groups were comparable for age time on dialysis and starting electroneurographic parameters which were on average within the normal range after year followup creatinine hematocrit calcium phosphate pth bun PCR and residual gfr were comparable in the two groups whereas BMG was significantly reduced in hdf patients vs mgl in hd patients p less than during the year treatment electroneurographic parameters did not NC in hdf patients whereas a significant decrease of ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity ulnar muscle action potential amplitudes median sensory nerve conduction velocity and peroneal muscle action potential amplitudes was detected in hd patients we conclude that hdf might prevent the worsening of the electroneurographic indices occurring during chronic hd treatment as it provides a more effective removal of middle and larger molecules than hd the use of a more biocompatible membrane in hdf might further contribute to this favorable effect on uremic neuropathy
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percutaneous coronary MI pci has been extensively applied to repair the forward flow of diseased coronary artery and can achieve significant curative results however some patients with acute myocardial infarction ami develop nonperfusion or poor perfusion of cardiac muscle tissue after pci which increases the incidence of cardiovascular events and the death rate pci can dredge narrowed or infarctrelated artery ira and thus induce full reperfusion of ICM myocardium it is found in practice that some cases of ami still have no perfusion or poor perfusion in myocardial tissue even though coronary angiography suggests opened PD T3 pci which increases the incidence of vascular events and mortality therefore to explore the detailed mechanism of pci in treating coronary MC of patients with SA pectoris we selected patients with SAP for pci observing the index of microcirculatory resistance imr of descending branch and changes of myocardial injury markers and left ventricular systolic function and made a subgroup analysis based on the rho between clinical indexes imr and other variables of diabetic and nondiabetic patients pcirelated and nonpcirelated myocardial infarction patients the results suggest that imr of anterior descending CB after pci was higher compared to that before pci and the difference was significant p less than creatine kinasemb ckmb myohemoglobin and high CS troponin t were all increased T3 pci and the difference was also significant p less than brain natriuretic peptide bnp level became higher T3 pci with significant difference p less than left ventricular ejection fraction lvef declined T3 pci and the difference before and T3 pci was statistically significant p less than moreover subgroup analysis results of the thre japan following the announcement of preliminary criteria for the staging of pars flaccida attic cholesteatoma in we proposed the jos staging system for two major types of retraction pocket cholesteatoma pars flaccida and pars tensa cholesteatoma since then the jos staging system has been widely used in clinical studies of cholesteatoma in japan allowing standardization in reporting of surgical outcomes based on the respective stages of cholesteatoma we have recently expanded the range of cholesteatoma by adding cholesteatoma secondary to a tensa perforation and congenital cholesteatoma as the jos staging system for middle ear cholesteatoma although further revisions may be required for universal acceptance of these criteria we hope our staging system will open the way for international consensus on staging and classification of middle ear cholesteatoma in the near future
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hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is a recognized indication for CL transplantation lt as it can at the same time provide a radical oncological resection and prevent its recurrence treating the hepatic disease however the shortage of donors and the long time on waiting list forces the hepatologists and SPK surgeons to adopt bridging locoregional treatments to prevent the drop out and to perform downstaging treatments to offer a chance of radical intervention to more patients the therapeutical strategies for patients suffering from hcc are various and different choices should be considered according to each patients clinical situation according to prognostic and staging systems recently recommendations have been published on lancet oncology about this topic these guidelines are very helpful in choosing among the different therapeutic options and in the management of patients in WL here we briefly summarize and comment the main features covered in the recommendations
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BMS bms is a rare but impactful condition affecting mainly PM women resulting in constant pain and significant difficulty with eating drinking and daily function the aetiology of bms remains an enigma recent evidence suggests it likely to be neuropathic in origin the cause of which remains unknown there is no cure for this condition and the unfortunate patients remain managed on a variety of NP medication salivary substitutes and other nonmedical interventions that help the patient get through the day some simple strategies can assist both clinician and patient to manage this debilitating condition cpdclinical relevance the dental team will recognize patients presenting with burning mouth syndrome they are difficult patients to manage and are often referred to AA care and ultimately depend on their GA medical practitioners for pain management
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tracheal resection and primary anastomosis is the treatment of choice for a shortsegment stenosis however the procedure does carry the risk of two potentially fatal complications anastomosis breakdown and leak we describe the case of a yearold man who was treated for a cm tracheal stenosis AA to a prolonged intubation and multiple tracheostomies the patient underwent a tracheal resection and primary anastomosis the anastomosis was reinforced with FS which created an airtight seal the patient was extubated postoperatively and he healed without complication fibrin sealant is a convenient safe and ERP material for reinforcing anastomotic suture lines
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the papularpurpuric gloves and socks syndrome ppgss was first described in this syndrome is characterized by fever acral pruritus edema petechiae and oral erosions subsequently parvovirus b has been implicated in most cases as the causative agent of this syndrome to date with two exceptions all published cases of ppgss have been from europe and the middle east and have been mainly reported in the dermatology literature herein we report what we believe to be only the second case of documented parvovirus bassociated ppgss occurring in the united states the patient presented with the typical clinical syndrome and the diagnosis of acute parvovirus b infection was documented by serial serologies that demonstrated OD of igm antibody to virus during the acute phase of infection and seroconversion to igg antibody in the convalescent period we then review the existing literature on this unusual syndrome and its association with parvovirus b
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pulmonary gas exchange during highfrequency lowtidal volume ventilation hfv hz mlkg was compared with conventional ventilation cv and an MZ inspired fresh gas flow in pentobarbitalanesthetized dogs comparing respiratory and infused inert gas exchange wagner et al j appl physiol during hfv and cv the efficiency of oxygenation was not different but the bohr physiological dead space ratio was greater on hfv vs however the beta of the most soluble inert gas acetone was markedly enhanced by hfv the increased elimination of the soluble infused inert gases during hfv compared with cv may be related to the extensive intraregional gas mixing that allows the conducting airways to serve as a capacitance for the soluble inert gases comparing as exchange during hfv with three different density carrier gases he n and ar the efficiency of elimination of co or the intravenously infused inert gases was greatest with heo however the alveolararterial partial pressure difference for o on heo exceeded that on no by torr during hfv the finding agrees with similar observations during cv suggesting that this aspect of gas exchange is not substantially altered by hfv
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CR cr designates the brains capacity to actively cope with insults through a more efficient use of its resourcesnetworks it was proposed in order to explain the discrepancies between the observed cognitive ability and the expected capacity for an individual typical proxies of cr include education and IQ quotient but none totally account for the variability of cr and no T0 has shown if the brains greater efficiency associated with cr can be measured we used a validated MM to estimate cr from the residual variance in memory and GA executive SF-36 accounting for both BB anatomical ie gray matter and VWM signal abnormalities volume and demographic variables ie years of formal education and sex PET connectivity fc networks and topological properties were explored for associations with cr demographic characteristics mainly accounted by years of formal education were associated with higher fc clustering local efficiency and strength in parietal and occipital regions and greater network transitivity higher cr was associated with a greater fc local efficiency and clustering of occipital regions strength and centrality of the inferior temporal gyrus and higher global efficiency altogether these findings suggest that education may facilitate the brains ability to form segregated PET CG reinforcing the view that higher education level triggers more specialized use of neural processing additionally this study demonstrated for the first time that cr is associated with more efficient processing of information in the human brain and reinforces the existence of a fine balance between segregation and integration hum BB mapp © the authors human brain mapping published by wiley periodicals inc
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posterior capsular opacification pco is caused by the proliferation and migration of residual lens epithelium cells lecs after extracapsular cataract extraction ecce rapamcin rapa is known to be a potent IS drug with antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects the aim of this T0 was to investigate the safety and efficacy of rapamycin sustained release from modified intraocular lens iols in the prevention of pco in rabbits
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the term fundus flavimaculatus stargardt disease describes a group of inherited macular dystrophies characterized by multiple yellow to yellowwhite flecks at the level of the RPE the authors describe findings in the patient with stargardts disease using OCT oct and suggest the examination to be valid as subsidiary method in the T0 of the characteristics of the retina in stargardts disease patients but studies involving a series of patients should be able to show the most frequent findings in these cases
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the SR oculi muscle from human fetuses of and cm crownrump length equivalent to and weeks respectively and a finger from a cm C-R weeks human fetus were examined by electron microscopy very simple relationships between SCs and C1 bundles of axons were found in the SR muscle of the cm fetus and in the C1 nerve bundles of the fetal finger absence of collagen fibrils in the vicinity of these nerve bundles was also noted in the SR muscles of the older fetuses the complexity of the schwann cellaxon relationship increased dramatically the effect being to envelop single axons in schwann cell processes this was also the case in the smaller elaborate bundles in the fetal finger which lay adjacent to move primitive simply invested nerve bundles in the examination of near serial sections of schwann cellaxon bundles it was found that the schwann cell processes originally likened to a curtain hanging in fluted folds and slightly twisted was also badly torn and tattered into longitudinal strips of uneven length in near serial sections dramatic changes have been found in the arrangements of SCs and axons axons may be singled out and separately invested by the schwann cell processes but only for short distances lateral transfer of axons from one nerve bundle to another may occur and loss of axons is apparently not uncommon the same axon may be of very different diameters at different points along its length
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the accessory activity was reported in mu peritoneal cavity macrophage derived dendritic cells pecdc in a mixed lymphocyte reaction mlr here we continue the characterization of the generated pecdc using the criteria of morphology phenotype and other accessory function we have demonstrated that mu peritoneal cavity macrophages can be induced to differentiate in vitro into cells exhibiting typical dendritic cell dc morphology phenotype and CF the proliferative capacity of the progenitors was amplified in the first step of the culture day using a combination of early cytokines interleukin and granulocytemacrophage colonystimulating factor the second step of the SC started at day with the removal of early growth AF to allow differentiation and final maturation of dc during days of culture with IFN plus either TLA tla or lipopolysaccharide lps a bacterial agent as a dc maturing agent the resulting dc population exhibited typical dc morphology and expressed higher levels of mhc class ii and the costimulatory molecules cd and cd compared to the untreated RPC the generated dc cells efficiently presented soluble protein antigen to cd spleen t cells
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clinical experience suggests that thrombolyticinduced bleeding is associated with SVR activation of the thrombolytic system using Fn specific variants of tissuetype plasminogen activator tpa and making use of the apparent Fn specificity of streptokinase sk in the rabbit we tested the hypothesis that minimizing systemic PL production and fibrinogenolysis will decrease hemorrhages in models of peripheral one and embolic stroke tpa consumed of the available fibrinogen caused cerebral bleeds and increased IP bleeding time fibrinspecific variants of tpa depleted less than of the fibrinogen and did not cause IP or CBF bleeding however an equipotent dose of sk converted only of the available fibrinogen but increased one time and caused hemorrhagic conversion in of embolic stroke model animals treated the data suggest that one associated with t-PA activators is linked to systemic plasmin generation and subsequent fibrinogenolysis this hypothesis does not explain the mechanisms of skinduced one
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eightysix carbapenem MHN pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected in the national institute of respiratory diseases of mexico city were screened for the presence of metallobetalactamase mbl activity using both etest strips and a microbiological assay with edtaimipenem genomic comparisons and CS analyses conducted with these isolates revealed the presence of blavim in two clonally related isolates and blaimp in a clonally unrelated isolate both genes were found to be carried by class integrons and blaimp was additionally present on a broad hostrange plasmid this is the first report of coexisting p aeruginosa strains producing different mbls in a mexican hospital highlighting the necessity of appropriate surveillance to prevent dissemination of carbapenem resistance
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the absorbance contributions of the fad and fes redox centres of component c of the soluble methane monooxygenase complex have been resolved using mersalyl to destroy the fes centre the fes seems to be very similar to that of spinach ferredoxin by its absorbance and electron paramagnetic resonance epr spectra and the fad semiquinone is a neutral SQ spectrophotometry near RT and epr spectroscopy near liquidhelium temperature allow the three redox couples of component c to be ordered component c can exist in oe oxidised e semiquinone e mostly semiquinone and reduced fes and e forms dihydroquinone and reduced fes under equilibrium conditions the ability of component c to support oddelectron forms is consistent with its proposed role as a ee transformase splitting electron pairs from nadh for passage to component a in oneelectron steps the fad appears to interact with nadh and transfers single electrons to the fes for donation to component a at a constant redox potential the Em of component c were found using redox dyes and epr spectroscopy and were fadfad em mv fesfesem mv fadfadem mv the presence of nadh did not alter these midpoint potentio delineate extent of the nevus are found it may be possible to adequately ablate more lesions in the future if a prospective T0 shows a convincing incidence of melanoma
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the structurally similar PSA capsules of group b meningococci and escherichia coli k are poor immunogens and attempts are currently being made to improve their immunogenicity by chemical modifications an igg monoclonal antibody to these PSA capsules was used for the T0 of the presence of structurally similar components in tissue glycoproteins to investigate the reasons for the poor immunogenicity and to evaluate potential dangers in AS or passive immunization by immunoblotting PSA was detected outside the BB in P0 rat kidney heart and muscle it appeared in immunoblots as one component and with similar mobility to the neural cell adhesion molecule ncam specificity studies of the antibody and endosialidase treatment showed that the polysialic acid glycans detected were composed of chains as long as eight sialic acid residues or more the polysialic acid was not detected in the corresponding tissues of the adult animal these results indicate that polysialic acid units are developmentally regulated components of both neural and extraneural tissues and are bound to components with properties similar to a known celladhesion molecule this together with the presence of low amounts of polysialic acid even in the AD BB suggests potential hazards in vaccination trials and suggested immunotherapy of meningitis caused by group b meningococci or e coli k which should be carefully assessed
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leukotriene ltb in exhaled breath condensate ebc has been reported to be elevated in ai the origin of leukotrienes in ebc is however not established the aims of this study are to measure ltb C2 in ebc collected in two challenges characterised by a strong neutrophilic airway inflammation and to compare ltb C2 in ebc with C2 in sputum and saliva ltb and alphaamylase were measured in ebc from healthy subjects exposed in a pig confinement building or to a lipopolysaccharide provocation these markers were also measured in IS in of the subjects for comparison ltb and alphaamylase were measured in saliva from healthy subjects only four out of ebc samples had detectable ltb pg x ml alphaamylase activity was detected in the ltbpositive samples in contrast ltb was detected in all examined sputum supernatants in the same study median pg x ml the median ltb level in saliva was pg x ml high levels of leukotriene b in saliva and the presence of leukotriene b in EBC only when alphaamylase was detected indicate that leukotriene b found in exhaled breath condensate is the result of saliva contamination as leukotriene b was consistently present in sputum S9 EBC may be inappropriate for monitoring airway leukotriene b
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the highly CS thermometric method degrees cmm revealed that the heat production of single contraction of the isolated rat diaphragmal muscle with artificial hyperthyrosis hd is nearly double of that of the normal muscle nd noradrenaline added to the inculation solution entailed a greater increase of HP of the muscle contraction in hd and had no significant effect on nd however calorific effect of thyroid hormone was about twice and a half as great as that of noradrenaline these data suggest that thyroxin acts independently in the energy regulation during the cold acclimation of the organism and the calorific effects of both hormones can be more effectively realized just at the moment of muscle contraction
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FPD pd is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in slowness tremors and imbalance treatment of mice with methylphenyl tetrahydropyridine mptp is one of several models used to mimic pd in humans administration of mptp leads to the production of methylphenyl dihydropyridinium mpp mpp is taken up by DA SN causing mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death because calpain is involved in neuronal cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction we examined the level of calpain in SN in the substantia nigra sn and hippocampus of mptptreated cbl mice because of the interconnections between spinal cord and upper CNS system SN we examined morphology calpain activity and calpain expression in neurons by double immunofluorescence using calpain and neuron marker neun antibodies in controls calpain expression was low in sn hippocampus and spinal cord neun cells and the neun stain was concentrated around the nucleus in mice sacrificed h C2 of three mgkg doses of mptp calpain expression was slightly increased in sn and hippocampal neurons and moderately increased in spinal cord SN in these animals the neun stain was less concentrated around the nuclear membrane one week T3 mptp treatment calpain content in neun cells was greatly increased in sn hippocampus and spinal cord morphologically sn and spinal cord SN treated for one week were necrotic with a granular cytoplasmic neun content also mptp treatment upregulated calpain activity and mrna level in spinal cord these data suggest that following mptp treatment calpain causes neuronal death in sn as well as in spinal cord
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the structure and the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins are altered in diabetes mellitus insulin or oral agent treatments affect the lipoprotein metabolism in addition to improving HG however it is not clear whether the alterations seen in lipoproteins during treatment are related to the degree of diabetic control or to the mode of diabetic treatment the effects of insulin or oral agent treatments on the plasma lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase activator were compared in a strictly defined nonobese NIDDM diabetic patient both treatment CG had similar TG total cholesterol low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein lipase activator levels lipoprotein lipase activator contents of the very low density lipoproteins correlated positively with their triglyceride r in insulin r in oral agent treated patients and protein r in insulin r in oral agent treated patients contents the findings of this study indicated that plasma lipid C2 very LD lipoprotein compositions and lipoprotein lipase activator contents were not significantly different in nonobese NIDDM diabetic patients treated with either oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin
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to increase awareness of NE adenomas of the middle ear name rare lesions often mistaken for other entities or chronic otitis media histogenesis remains controversial although the consensus tends toward a CFU-S stem cell of the middle ear mucosa as the origin of the lesion the tumour is characterised by dual differentiation with exocrine and endocrine components the most common symptoms are conductive hearing loss tinnitus and vertigo the treatment of choice is complete surgical removal of the tumour with no adjuvant radiotherapy being required
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in order to evaluate the prevalence of human leptospirosis in reunion island and to identify possible risk factors a T0 was realised on a representative population sample of persons the prevalence of leptospirosis diagnosed by elisa and confirmed by micro agglutination test was male predominance and higher prevalence in rainy parts of the island were confirmed it has not been possible to display risk AF such as housing conditions or professional exercise the serological repartition showed not only icterohaemorrhagiae serovar but also canicola panama and sejroe especially in women these results compared with clinical studies showing nearly exclusive male repartition in agricultural workers due to icterohaemorrhagiae serovar confirm the double look of human leptospirosis in reunion island clinical leptospirosis severe concerning males often countrymen due to icterohaemorrhagiae serovar and infraclinical leptospirosis concerning principally females which is a domestic illness due to other serovars
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bacillus subtilis strains that can produce hyaluronic acid ha were constructed by integrating the ha synthase gene hasa and the udpglucose dehydrogenase gene of group c streptococcus hasb or of b subtilis itself taud into the amye locus of the b subtilis chromosome all of the inserted genes were under the control of a strong constitutive vegii promoter of b subtilis although ha production could be achieved by expressing hasa alone coexpressing hasb or taud with hasa could enhance ha production at least fold to replenish the energy consumed for ha biosynthesis vitreoscilla hemoglobin vhb was coexpressed with the haexpressing genes with the expression of vhb not only the cell concentration was enhanced but also ha production was further increased by about gl of ha was obtained by the recombinant CS b subtilis carrying vhb hasa and taud genes in the expression cassette T3 h cultivation
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the interaction between ICAM-1 icam and its ligand leukocyte function associated antigen lfa is especially relevant in allograft rejection we have previously shown that the simultaneous blockade of icam and lfa by monoclonal antibodies mabs results in specific immunologic tolerance to cardiac allograft in a mouse MM
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plants of thunberg fritillary fritillaria thunbergii miq from zhejiang province were found to be coinfected with two distinct potyviruses one was an isolate of the recently reported thunberg fritillary PMV tfmv wei et al arch virol while the other was a distinct virus that did not react with tfmv AS nor with antisera to other potyviruses except for a weak reaction with antibodies produced to soybean mosaic virus smv pinellia strain both viruses could be transmitted mechanically to their original host but not to any of a range of commonly used indicator plants no local lesion host was identified that would enable the viruses to be propagated independently the CR sequences of both viruses were determined that of the new virus nt had the typical genome organisation and recognised sequence motifs of a potyvirus encoding a putative polyprotein of kda phylogenetic analysis sequence comparisons and the DP of polyprotein cleavage sites all indicated that it was a member of the bean common PMV subgroup the most closely related species are SMV and wisteria vein PMV with CAA identity between their polyproteins this is sufficiently different for the new virus to be regarded as a distinct species which we have tentatively named fritillary virus y
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gene alterations of p RT suppressor gene such as point mutations deletions or insertions occur in various human cancers p protein overexpression was studied IHC in gastric adenocarcinomas using an antihuman p antibody pab and the avidinbiotinperoxidase technique we have also analyzed S2 loss of the human p gene in cases of gastric adenocarcinoma using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism p immunostaining was also demonstrated in of carcinomas normal mucosa was always negative no relation could be found between p immunostaining and the degree of differentiation of the patients were informative for the p exon in ten of these informative cases tumor dnas showed allele loss when compared with nonmetastatic CL node dnas seven of the ten showed p immunoreactivity these findings suggest that mutations of the p gene may play a role in the OD of gastric adenocarcinoma and that S2 loss of p frequently occurs in p immunoreactive gastric adenocarcinoma
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current and emerging three and fourdimensional medical imaging modalities along with OD of efficient d computer rendering and modeling of multidimensional volume image data and imageguided navigation are significantly advancing our capabilities for improved and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of prostate CA obviating the need for exploratory surgery PCS dissection blind biopsies and mental reconstruction of anatomy and pathology currently both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures require xray fluoroscopy transrectal ultrasound ct andor mri for assessing the condition of the prostate andor the outcome of any therapeutic procedure new imaging approaches based on threedimensional ultrasound transducers placed on catheters for easy insertion into the urethra are demonstrating significant promise for improved diagnosis and treatment of prostate disease MW thermal ablation shows promise for reduction of prostate size and RT volume and preliminary data from cryosurgery suggests improvements in tumor reduction andor management while minimizing the risk of serious complications prostate brachytherapy is becoming a more popular and effective alternative to surgery all of these methods either independently or combined through image F0 are providing an exciting and rapid evolution in capabilities for visualizing the prostate and its anatomic environment extending from physical to functional forms and from macro to micro orders of scale traversing the scale distances between these imaged objects within the prostate and its environs will be made automatic and instantaneous in the near future with the expected advances in miniaturization of powerful computing and electronic sensing elements imaging devices will continue to improve in resolution speed and affordability and will be deployed harmlessly within the body as well as outside of it diagnosis and therapy of prostate disease will become fully noninvasive and synchronous
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this study focuses on comparing reports of nicotine withdrawal craving and depressive PS obtained using an IVR ivr system and several questionnaires as part of a smoking cessation trial daily reports of withdrawal craving and negative mood were collected using an ivr system for days after participants attempted to quit smoking and several pencil and paper questionnaires ie the minnesota NIC withdrawal scale the questionnaire on smoking urges and the center for epidemiological studiesdepression were completed a week after the target quit date the sample was composed of daily smokers moderate to high correlations were found between the research questionnaires obtained at the end of the week and the corresponding daily ivr reports of NIC withdrawal craving and DS however the sample size decreased on each day of ivr reporting due to attrition thus an appealing aspect of daily assessment using an ivr system is that it can provide additional data that are not obtained with paper and pencil assessments given once per week but it will be important for future studies to concentrate on improving adherence with the ivr system in this population
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cases of single umbilical artery sua are presented and the related histopathological findings of the fetuses and placentas examined sua is the most common congenital anomaly of the UC resulting in the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries it has an incidence of approximately in autopsy material and there is evidence that is associated with anomalies of the fetus and placenta
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SI concentration temperature white blood count and weight were reviewed throughout hospitalization in patients who underwent openheart surgery for valvular replacement and who required coronary artery bypass grafting SS iron concentration climbed from an admission average of micrograms ml to microgramsml within hours of surgery and then rapidly dropped to micrograms ml within hours of surgery SI C2 remained less than one half of admission values throughout hospitalization weeks temperature increased from f before surgery to f the night of surgery remaining mildly elevated until days following surgery white blood count jumped from admission levels of x to x within hours of T0 preoperative C2 were again reached days following operation patient weights averaged kg on admission increasing to kg on the day following surgery only hypoferremia persisted beyond discharge into the anabolic phase of REC stressinduced hypoferremia following operation runs a different time course than fewer leukocytosis or WG and thus must be mediated by a different mechanism
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the accompanying paper nagashima h j biol chem has demonstrated that argatroban can yield a stronger inhibitory effect on thrombin generation than dxa during extrinsic pathwaystimulated human plasma coagulation while these AC EDC have comparable abilities to prolong clot time since TG is known to be an important determinant for fibrinolytic resistance of clots formed during coagulation the two compounds are compared by tissue plasminogen activatorinduced clot lysis assays the results demonstrated that in the presence of thrombomodulin argatroban dose dependently accelerated fibrinolysis of the clots whereas dxa did not the activation of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor tafi determined in separate assays reflected the differential influence on thrombin generation by these EDC moreover tafi activation correlated closely with the fibrinolytic resistance observed during tissue plasminogen activatorinduced clot lysis this T0 demonstrates the differential effects of dxa and argatroban on TG which in turn results in a differential acceleration of fibrinolysis as well as tafi activation in the clots formed under the influence of these EDC the data implicate a possible difference in the antifibrinolytic properties of clots formed during treatment with these EDC
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professor viatcheslav alexeev offers freelance journalist sarah powell his views of the state of the russian national health system and the challenges faced as russia moves from a socialist to a capitalist economy viatcheslav alexeev is professor of international health and management at the department of international health of the russian medical academy of T3 medical studies in moscow his wideranging experience includes teaching management and health administration health manpower development and interpersonal relationships at the CE institute for T3 medical studies following this for over years he was assistant professor and director of the who international courses for health administrators from to he worked on the staff of the health manpower OD division of the who in geneva in which capacity he gained extensive experience of training research and organization in over countries
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the present T0 provides exp evidence of in vivo reduction of genotoxic and mutagenic activities of potent carcinogen nmethylnnitronnitrosoguanidine mnng by the CS lactobacillus rhamnosus vc in vitro studies revealed that coincubation of mnng with viable cells of l rhamnosus vc resulted in the detoxification of the parent compound accompanied with reduction in genotoxicity and mutagenicity as evaluated by soschromotest and ames test respectively oral feeding of probiotic bacteria l rhamnosus vc cfu to gallus gallus chicks for days provided protection against mnnginduced damage as evidenced from the significant decrease p in glutathione stransferase activity in the l rhamnosus vcmnngtreated chicks in comparison to the mnngtreated chicks histopathology of colon and liver showed intact cells and mild inflammation in the l rhamnosus vcmnngtreated chicks whereas heavy inflammation and degenerative changes were observed in mnngtreated chicks the results indicate that the probiotic l rhamnosus vc provided in vivo protection against mnnginduced colon damage by detoxification of mnng to less toxic metabolites
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understanding the relationship of deltatetrahydrocannabinol thc concentrations in oral fluid and plasma is important in interpretation of OF test results current evidence suggests that thc is deposited in the oral cavity during cannabis smoking this depot represents the primary or sole source of thc found when oral fluid is collected and analyzed in this research oral fluid and plasma specimens were collected from six subjects following smoking of cannabis cigarettes containing and thc there was at least one week between each cannabis administration plasma specimens were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms and paired oral fluid specimens were analyzed by radioimmunoassay ria in addition one individuals OF specimens were also analyzed by gcms these data are unique in that they represent simultaneous or near simultaneous collection of oral fluid and plasma specimens in subjects following controlled cannabis dosing the first oral fluid specimen collected from one subject at h following initiation of smoking contained a thc concentration of ngml gcms by h the thc concentration in OF had fallen to ngml from approximately h through h the mean sd thc ratio of OF to plasma thc concentrations was with a range of to within h both oral fluid and plasma thc concentrations generally declined below ngml ria analyses of OF specimens for six subjects demonstrated the same DP of initial high levels of contamination immediately after smoking followed by rapid clearing and a slower decline over h mean thc OF concentrations by ria at h were ngml and ngml compared to PC of ngml and ngml at h following the low and highdose cannabis cigarettes respectively the similarity in OF and plasma thc concentrations following the dissipation of the initial contamination indicates the likelihood of a physiological link between these specimens recent studies have shown that SL or transmucosal administration of pure thc results in direct absorption of intact thc into the bloodstream thereby bypassing the gastrointestinal tract the current T0 demonstrates that thc is deposited in the oral cavity and remains for up to h following cannabis smoking the decline in thc OF concentration over this time suggests that there may be absorption of thc into blood as previously shown with pure thc passive cannabis exposure studies appear to indicate that positive oral fluid tests for thc can occur shortly after cannabis smoke SE but results were negative within h consequently when very recent passive exposure to cannabis smoke can be ruled out it is concluded that a positive oral fluid test provides credible evidence of AS cannabis use
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the purpose of our study was to assess prospectively the value of mri in characterization of soft tissue tumors stt and soft tissue tumorlike lesions in a multiinstitutional setting by a group of experts the material consisted of UT and proven stt or tumorlike lesions originating from a multiinstitutional DB of stt in which consecutive patients with stt examined by mri were registered between january and april based on mri findings a suitably ordered differential diagnosis was made in consensus by two radiologists jlmag and amds mri diagnoses were compared with histology results cases andor month followup cases as REF standards the rho between the mri and histological diagnosis and between the radiological and histological phenotype were statistically determined one hundred twentythree patients presented with a malignant stt patients presented with a benign one concerning differentiation between malignant and benign lesions dignity a sensitivity of specificity of negative predictive value npv of and positive predictive value ppv of with accuracy of were obtained concerning phenotype characterization if only the first mri diagnosis was taken into account a sensitivity of specificity of npv of ppv of and accuracy of were obtained for benign lesions sensitivity of specificity of npv of ppv of and accuracy of were obtained the phenotypes definition of malignant stt had a sensitivity of a specificity of npv of ppv of and an accuracy of a correct diagnosis compared with histological assessment was proposed in of the histologically confirmed cases despite nonquantified mr parameter DUE the results of our prospective study were better than those reported in previous studies and demonstratrrelations and the ordered moment of asgrown nonsuperconducting ndxcexcuodelta x the instantaneous rho length can be effectively described by our quantum monte carlo calculations for the randomly sitediluted nearestneighbor spin squarelattice heisenberg antiferromagnet however quantum fluctuations have a stronger effect on the ordered moment which decreases more rapidly than for the quencheddisorder model
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indoleacetic acid iaa is the major natural auxin involved in the regulation of a variety of growth and developmental processes such as division elongation and polarity determination in growing plant cells it has been shown that dividing andor elongating plant cells accompanies the generation of ROS species ros and a number of reports have suggested that hormonal actions can be mediated by ros through rosmediated opening of SAC here we surveyed the link between the action of iaa oxidative burst and calcium channel activation in a transgenic cells of rice expressing aequorin in the cytosol application of iaa to the cells induced a rapid and transient generation of superoxide which was followed by a transient increase in cytosolic ca concentration cac the iaainduced cac elevation was inhibited by ca channel blockers and a ca chelator furthermore ros scavengers effectively blocked the action of iaa on cac elevation
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we used the tnencoded tetr which has a highly SB capacity for tetracycline to probe contacts between the drug and protein by chemical interference studies of the antibiotic for that purpose the equilibrium association constants of modified TCs with the tet repressor and mg cations were determined quantitatively the results confirm the previous notion that mg probably binds with the oxygens at positions and and is absolutely required for proteindrug recognition modifications were introduced at positions seven six five and four of the drug and anhydrotetracycline was also studied substitutions or eliminations of functions at these positions influenced binding to the tetr up to fold the introduction of an azido CF at position seven in azidotetracycline and epimerization of the substituents at position four in epitetracycline lead to a or fold reduction respectively of tetr affinity in those compounds anhydrotetracycline bound about fold more strongly than tetracycline did indicating that the oxygen at position may be involved in tetr recognition this increased IB is in contrast to the lower antibiotic activity of ATC and indicates that the tet repressor and ribosomes recognize the drug differently
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the reactivities of copperii complexes with cimetidine cim and cyclohistidylhistidyl cyhh both of which are sod model EDC toward active oxygen species such as superoxide o and hydrogen peroxide ho were investigated by electron spin resonancespin trapping and thiobarbituric acid methods at physiological ph values low concentrations of cuii complexes mm with cim and cyhh could scavenge o but high concentrations of these compexes mm yielded hydroxyl radicals oh during dismutation of o these cuii complexes could directly react with ho to yield oh from these results it is indicated that oh formed during the dismutation of o by high concentration of sod MM EDC may be caused by the reaction of ho generated form dismutation of o with cuii complexes further dna singlestranded breakage was observed during the reactions of ho with these cuii complexes
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MEDAL
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thirteen out of children less than years old underwent hepatic transplantation olt for endstage CL disease esld associated with arteriohepatic dysplasia ahd seven children are alive and well with NL function six children died four within days of the operation and the other two at and months after the olt vascular complications with associated septicemia were responsible for the deaths of three children two died of HF and circulatory collapse AA to pulmonary hypertension and congenital HR disease the remaining patient died of overwhelming sepsis not associated with technical complications seven patients had a portoenterostomy or portocholecystostomy early in life five of these died after the olt severe cardiovascular CA in some of our patients suggest that CR hemodynamic monitoring with invasive studies should be performed in all patients with ahd especially in cases of documented hypertrophy of the right ventricle the improved quality of life in our surviving patients confirms the validity of olt as a treatment of choice in cases of esld due to ahd
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MEDAL
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HP enzymes of diagnostic interest from human and animal organs dissolved in PHS and in bovine SS albumin solution were compared with respect to their response to alterations in routine clinical chemical assay conditions their response to changes in temperature ATP concentration and phvalue was the same in addition the storage stability in each matrix was identical in the lyophilized and the reconstituted state whereas some enzymes were remarkably less stable in the pooled human serum than in bovine SS Al this better stability the better availability and decreased infectious nature of the material lead to the conclusion that animal enzymes in bovine SS Al matrix are the material of choice for the quality control of enzyme activity determinations in clinical chemistry
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MEDAL
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a highprotein diet with calories from casein increased delta desaturase activity in ratliver microsomes highprotein diets with calories from a synthetic mixture of amino acids in the same proportion as CS decreased the delta desaturase slightly increased the delta desaturase and greatly increased delta desaturase MICs compared with a highcarbohydrate diet the elimination of phenylalanine and IMT from the synthetic mixtures of amino acids increased the delta desaturase activity massive amounts of phenylalanine or tyrosine in the diet inhibited delta desaturase activity IMT and phenylalanine may by conversion to tyrosine decrease the activity of the delta desaturase
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MEDAL
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