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the aim of this T0 was to develop a RT pcr test for differentiation between shigella spp and e coli in particular enteroinvasive escherichia coli eiec
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usefulness of carrying out the reversibility test T3 inhaling bronchodilator by FO technique fot in addition to spirometry was investigated in the diagnosis of BA ba cough variant asthma cva and allergic rhinitis ar with prolonged or chronic cough
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recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction is a significant complication of carotid endarterectomy and vocal cord paralysis is a L1 source of morbidity this study prospectively assessed patients undergoing CE to determine the nature and frequency of vocal cord damage and attempt to identify avoidable AF fifty consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic disease were studied a standardized surgical technique was used emphasizing ID of the VN and minimal disturbance of the surrounding tissues all patients underwent preoperative and postoperative day indirect laryngoscopy and videostroboscopy preoperative assessment found asymptomatic compensated vocal cord paralysis in one patient who had previously had a stroke postoperative laryngoscopy revealed asymptomatic impaired vocal cord mobility in three patients all of whom recovered completely in addition six patients developed postoperative hoarseness of whom five have fully recovered the remaining patient developed vocal cord paralysis which is permanent to date this prospective T0 demonstrates that recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction is a common but often transient complication of CE the incidence of VCP in this group was less than many of the reported series this could be due to the technique of minimal dissection which may prevent disturbance of the vagal segmental blood supply preoperative vocal cord assessment is essential in all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy
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the production of organic acids in severe diabetic acidosis was studied to determine the contribution of various acids and to reassess alkali requirements in patients the mean total concentration of determined organic acids was meql while the mean estimated base deficit was meql acetoacetic and betahydroxybutyric acids accounted for of measured organic acid in patients the mean amount of sodium bicarbonate po for correction of the acidosis was meq while the mean requirement was meqthese findings imply that the methods commonly used to determine the base deficit and the alkali requirements in patients with diabetic acidosis may be invalid the prompt administration of alkali should be limited and we suggest that the blood ph should be restored only to
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quality management qm processes are helping independent operators contractors find more creative ways of doing business enhance the quality of their products in this roundtable a panel of qm veterans rookies discusses specific applications of their processes ranging from building better communications with customers to getting more for their purchasing dollars read ahead to learn how to make qm work for you
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recent evidence indicates that cannabinoid cb receptors play a role in the mediation of opiate reward though the neural mechanisms for this process have not been characterized the present experiments investigated the influence of cb receptors in the VP striatopallidal system on opiateinduced neurochemical events and opiate selfadministration SMB in rats acute morphine administration mgkg significantly reduced ventral pallidal gaba efflux in a manner similar to that produced by heroin selfadministration this neurochemical effect was reversed by doses of the selective cb antagonist sr a rimonabant and mgkg that also significantly reduce opiate reward morphineinduced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine C2 were unaltered by sr a intravenous heroin selfadministration mginfusion was significantly reduced by intraaccumbens but not intraventral pallidal sr a infusions and microgside implicating nucleus accumbens B6 receptors in the modulation of opiate reinforcement in contrast sra did not alter SA mginf cocaineinduced mgkg decrements in VP pallidal gaba efflux or cocaineinduced increases in accumbens dopamine this is consistent with evidence that selective inactivation of B6 receptors reduces opiate but not psychostimulantmaintained selfadministration the B6 IL-1ra win mgkg reduced pallidal gaba efflux in a manner similar to morphine and this effect was reversed by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone collectively these findings suggest that B6 receptors modulate opiate reward through the ventral striatopallidal projection and that the modulation of this projection system may be involved in the reciprocal behavioral effects between CBs and opioids
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we report a case of cystic lesion in a yearold woman the patient had an ovalshaped lesion adjacent to the temporomandibular joint thick fibrotic tissue and muscle were observed microscopically but the epithelium lining was not observed the lesion was diagnosed as a ganglion cyst the patients general medical PH was noncontributory high performance liquid chromatography hplc and mass spectrophotometry ms revealed some proteins from the fluid in the lesion such as a filaggrin precursor dystroglycan a polyprotein of the hepatitis c virus and proteins originating from bacteria the followup examinations revealed no recurrence the probable pathogenesis of the lesion is discussed
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it is a known fact that prophylactic hypodermic injection of nontypical lithonite tranquillizer in the days dose of mgkg during days prevents the exhaustion of antioxidant system of thebated with cdepleted SS that had been repleted with radiolabeled c subsequently the supernates and membranes were subjected to sdspage and complement activation was quantified by determining the radioactivity of the ca bands in the gel the results showed that while the SS exposed to cuprophan membranes contained almost five times more ca than that exposed to pan approximately times more ca was bound to the pan CM consequently the total amount of ca generated in the presence of pan was higher than that generated in the presence of cuprophan we conclude that assessment of complement activation by hemodialysis CM using fluid phase ca measurements CT may be misleading
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the quality of oocytes depends largely on the capacity to resume meiotic maturation in xenopus laevis only fully grown oocytes react to progesterone stimulation by resumption of meiotic maturation associated with the entry into the meiotic mphase proteins involved in this process are poorly known to identify novel proteins regulating mphase entry we performed a differential proteomic screen we compared proteomes of fully grown stage vi oocytes characterized as poorly or highly responsive to progesterone treatment the comparison of d gels allowed us to identify several spots including two specifically present in highly responsive oocytes and two specifically present in poorly responsive ones by mass spectrometry we identified the two proteins specifically present in highly responsive oocytes as inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase and yjgf homologues and the two specifically present in poorly responsive oocytes as elongation factor ef and sadenosyllhomocysteine hydrolase sahh the proteins specifically expressed in highly responsive oocytes may participate in the stimulation of meiotic maturation and mphase entry while the proteins specifically present in poorly maturing oocytes may participate in the inhibition of meiotic resumption
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primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the meninges a very rare brain RT is reported cytologic findings by squash preparation were useful as an adjunct to frozen section diagnosis during surgery the cytologic features of rhabdomyosarcoma without crossstriation have some similarities to those of gemistocytic astrocytomas and anaplastic meningiomas but the cytoplasmic filaments of rhabdomyosarcoma are different from those of gemistocytic astrocytoma and anaplastic meningioma histologically the tumor was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with a partially botryoid pattern the tumor cells have no crossstriations but react positively to antimyoglobin SS on immunoperoxidase staining in this case intracytoplasmic filaments resembling poorly formed myofibrils were found on electron microscopic study the histologic and immunohistologic findings suggest that this rare meave examined the cellular degradation of two serine proteinase inhibitor serpinprotease complexes alpha antitrypsinneutrophil PE alpha atnel and alpha antichymotrypsincathepsin g alpha actcathg by normal mu fibroblasts mef expressing lrp and by a mutant FB cell L1 pea which is genetically deficient for lrp alpha atnel complexes bound to lrp on ligand blots and were degraded efficiently by the mef cells but not by pea cells Kd of the complexes was also significantly reduced by antibodies directed against lrp further suggesting that fibroblasts require lrp for the cellular uptake and Kd of alpha atnel complexes in contrast to alpha atnel mef cells did not degrade alpha actcathg complexes however these complexes were rapidly degraded by the rat embryonal HEp-2 lp which abundantly expresses gp raising the possibility that the alpha actcathg complex might be recognized by gp both complexes were efficiently metabolized by the hepatoma cell L1 hepg presumably involving the serpinenzyme complex receptor the differential recognition of serpinprotease complexes by fibroblasts and hepatoma cells however indicates that lrp gp and the serpinenzyme complex receptor are distinct proteins
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influenza a viruses pose a constant potential threat to human health in view of the innate antiviral activity of interferons ifns and their potential use as antiinfluenza agents it is important to know whether viral resistance to these antiviral proteins can arise to examine the likelihood of emergence of ifnλresistant hn variants we serially passaged the acalifornia hn CS in a human lung epithelial cell line calu in the presence of increasing concentrations of recombinant ifnλ protein to monitor changes associated with adaptation of this virus to growth in calu cells we also passaged the wildtype virus in the absence of ifnλ under ifnλ selective pressure the parental virus developed two neuraminidase na mutations sl and kn which significantly reduced na enzyme activity âfold and sensitivity to ifnλ âËfold respectively these changes were not associated with a reduction in viral replication C2 mutants carrying either kn CT or sl and kn together induced weaker phosphorylation of ifn RII factor irf and as a consequence much lower expression of the ifn genes ifnb ifnl and ifnl and proteins ifnλ and ifnλ the lower levels of ifn expression correlated with weaker induction of tyrosinephosphorylated stat and reduced rigi protein C2 our findings demonstrate that AIV can develop increased resistance to the antiviral activity of type iii interferons
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the authors report the results of lung scintigraphy in two patients with primary pulmonary hypertension caused by PCH a rare disorder resulting from the proliferation of histologically normal capillaries in the lung perfusion studies revealed a nonhomogeneous pattern with some focal defects similar to that seen with some other histologic types of primary pulmonary hypertension the mechanisms underlying this perfusion DP are unknown
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the cyclooxygenases cox catalyze the initial reactions in prostanoid biosynthesis and produce the common prostanoids F0 pgh mammalian species have two cox isoforms constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase cox and inducible cyclooxygenase cox DB searches suggest three cox genes are present in many fish species in this T0 we cloned and characterized a second cox cdna coxb from the rainbow trout rainbow trout coxb protein contains all the functionally important conserved amino acids for cox CEA moreover the coxb message contains aurich elements ares in the untranslated region utr characteristic of inducible cox mrnas we took advantage of the existence of a rainbow trout cell L1 to demonstrate that expression from both the originally reported cox coxa and coxb genes is inducible however differential induction responses to alternative inducers are observed for rainbow trout coxa and coxb both coxa and coxb proteins expressed in cos cells are enzymatically active thus the rainbow trout has two PET inducible cox genes the zebrafish also contains two cox genes however genome structure analysis suggests diversion of the coxa gene between zebrafish and rainbow trout
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the effect of training with con and eccentric contractions on fiber hypertrophy and isometric torque production was investigated in HS one group eight female and two male subjects performed con contractions of their QF muscles at an intensity of of their maximal concentric power the other group six female and four male subjects performed eccentric contractions at the same relative SP level both groups exercised three times per week for wk at a constant speed of degreess on a kincom dynamometer needle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and T3 the exercise program fibertype differentiation was performed using a myosin atpase stain at a preincubation of maximal isometric knee extension torque was also measured before and T3 the exercise program an analysis of covariance was used to determine whether there were significant differences between the exercise groups in the postexercise fiber Az and maximal ISO torque miso while controlling for initial differences results showed a significant difference between the type ii fiber areas p and the miso p these data indicate that when exercising at the same relative power level a subject performing con contractions will show greater muscle hypertrophy and improve in miso production more than a subject training with eccentric contractions
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ldopa is the L1 symptomatic therapy for parkinsons disease which commonly occurs in elderly patients however the effects of chronic use on mood and cognition in old subjects remain elusive in order to compare the effects of a chronic pulsatile ldopa treatment on emotional and cognitive functions in young months and old months IN rats an ldopacarbidopa treatment was po every h over weeks rats were assessed for behavioural despair repeated forced swimming test rfst anhedonia SU preference test spt and spatial learning morris water maze mwm in the late phase of treatment t neuronal expression of fos in the hippocampus at the early and late phases of t as well as after mwm was studied the density and ratio of dopamine dr dr and dr receptors were also evaluated in the hippocampus using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy young rats showed similar patterns during behavioural tests whereas aged treated rats showed increased immobility counts in rfst diminished sucrose liquid intake in spt and spatial learning impairment during mwm fos expression was significantly blunted in the aged treated group after mwm the density of dr dr and dr was increased in both aged groups the treatment reduced the ratio of drdr and drdr in both groups moreover aged treated subjects had significant lower values of drdr and higher values of drdr when compared with young treated subjects these results indicate that chronic LD treatment in itself could trigger emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in elderly subjects through dopamine receptor dysregulation
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we examined a yearold man who complained of HA and pain and decreased visual acuity in both eyes the patient had dilated conjunctival and episcleral vessels IC cells shallow anterior chambers hyperemic swollen optic disks exudative retinal detachment and choroidal detachment fluorescein angiography showed leakage of dye from the optic disks and choroid into the subretinal space scleral thickening was found by computed tomography these abnormal findings disappeared within week after treatment with a SVR corticosteroid laboratory test results showed positive RA factor sunset glow fundi and vitiligo developed a few months T3 the treatment we believe that concurrent bilateral posterior scleritis vogtkoyanagiharada disease and positive RA factor as demonstrated in our patient may be rare
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ibogaine an indolamine derivative is currently being investigated as a potential agent in the treatment of stimulant and opiate addiction we developed a rapid CS and TPS method for the analysis of ibogaine and its putative AS metabolite hydroxyibogamine ohibogamine this CA employs a onestep basic extraction with nbutyl chlorideacetonitrile followed by derivatization of the metabolite using nmethylntertbutyldimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide the derivatized extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatographypositive ion chemical ionizationmass spectrometry the ions monitored were at mz and which correspond to the protonated molecules mh for ibogaine ibogained and ohibogaminetertbutyldimethylsilyl respectively linear standard curves were obtained over the concentration range of ngml average r for IBO and for ohibogamine n limits of quantitation were ngml the interrun and intrarun coefficients of R2 for the CA of ibogaine at and ngml ranged from to we also established the extraction and chromatographic conditions to monitor the hydroxylated metabolite a suitable internal standard was not yet obtained so the method could only provide semiquantitative information for ohibogamine chemical stability studies of these analytes indicated that IBO and ohibogamine were SD in a human plasma matrix at room temperature for a period of at least week
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ten patients with scleroderma and severe hand problems required surgery and seven were available for followup two died from sclerodermarelated complications and one was lost to followup the mean duration of followup was range years thirtythree procedures were carried out including five metacarpophalangeal joint excisional arthroplasties PT interphalangeal joint fusions ten DIP fusions and one thumb interphalangeal joint fusion the metacarpophalangeal joint excision arthroplasties and proximal interphalangeal joint fusions were performed for the correction of severe fixed fingerinpalm deformities lesions of cutaneous calcinosis were removed in four patients fixation was satisfactory in all cases of interphalangeal joint fusion with no cases of nonunion wound healing was satisfactory in six of seven patients a second surgical procedure was required in three patients for the removal of tension band wires following interphalangeal fusion calcinosis was effectively removed using a highspeed dental burr the r
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in our recent studies human A-NK nk cell activity was found to be decreased to fold after treatment of monocytedepleted IP mononuclear cells with monoclonal antibody okm and complement c the present T0 was undertaken to determine whether there is an additional population of nk cells that is okm since treatment with okm and c decreased but did not eradicate nk cell activity treatment of lymphocytes with monoclonal antibody okta which reacts with all sheep red blood cell rosetting lymphocytes and c also decreased nk cell activity although approximately of okta cells are okt nk cell activity resides within the okta cell population which is okt since oktcell depletion fails to decrease nk cell activity double fluorescence analysis of oktdepleted lymphocytes revealed that of the okm cells are okta and of the okta cells are okm thus demonstrating that within the oktdepleted population approximately onehalf the okm cells are okta and vice versa treatment of lymphocytes with okm together with okta and c decreased nk cell activity against nksensitive one linesk molt and hsbmore than did treatment with either antibody alone virtually no lytic activity was retained T3 beta of okm and okta cells the results thus provide strong evidence that there is at least populations of human nk cells one is okm and the other is okta
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spondylocostal dysostosis scd is an inherited disorder with abnormal vertebral segmentation that results in extensive hemivertebrae truncal shortening and abnormally aligned ribs it arises during embryonic OD by a disruption of formation of somites the precursor tissue of the vertebrae ribs and associated tendons and muscles four genes causing a subset of autosomal recessive forms of this disease have been identified dll scdo mim mesp scdo mim lfng scdo mim and hes scdo these genes are all essential components of the notch signalling pathway which has multiple roles in OD and disease previously only a single scdcausative missense mutation was described in hes in this study we have identified two new missense mutations in the hes gene in a single family with only individuals carrying both mutant alleles being affected by scd in vitro PET analysis revealed that one of the mutant hes proteins was unable to repress mRNA by dna binding or protein heterodimerization
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assessment of plasma matrix metalloproteinase mmp and doppler markers of increased left ventricular lv filling pressure may be added to risk stratify patients with ICM ic therefore we aimed at investigating the value of plasma mmp and restrictive filling pattern rfp in ic patients
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we studied the continued reliance on psoralen and ultravioleta puva radiation in patients after an average treatment period of years patients were still receiving puva therapy or planned to use puva if their PS flare we defined both CG as patients who continue to rely on puva patients with the most extensive disease were least likely to continue receiving therapy among patients with less than involvement patients continued to rely on puva after years AF associated with decreased continuation in this group included the following age older than years fair or poor general health multiple previous hospitalizations for treatment of psoriasis and unusual reactions to sun exposure thus the ability of puva to meet LT treatment needs varies according to demographic and certain disease AF
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a variety of techniques have been developed as diagnostic tools for the differential diagnosis of tumours produced by MD virus from those induced by avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus however most current techniques are unreliable when used in formalinfixed paraffinembedded ffpe tissues which often is the only sample type available for definitive diagnosis a collection of tumours was generated by the inoculation of different strains of MD virus REV-T or avian leukosis virus singularly or in combination ffpe tissue sections from tumour and nontumour tissues were analysed by optimized immunohistochemistry ihc techniques and traditional as well as QPCR pcr with newly designed primers ideal for dna fragmented by fixation ihc and pcr results were highly CS and specific in tissues from singleinfected birds virus quantity was higher in tumours compared to nontumour spleens from MD md virusinfected birds thus using ffpe sections alone may be sufficient for the diagnosis of md by demonstration of high quantities of viral antigens or genome in tumour cells along with the absence of other tumour viruses by traditional pcr and if standard criteria are met based on clinical history and histology ihc furthermore allowed PCD of the TPS cells that were infected with different viruses in tumours from birds that had been inoculated simultaneously with multiple viruses following validation with field samples these new protocols can be applied for both diagnostic and research purposes to help accurately identify avian tumour viruses in routine ffpe tissue sections
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militaryrelated trauma can be difficult to treat evaluating longer term responses to treatment and identifying which individuals may need additional support could inform clinical practice we assessed year outcomes in uk veterans treated for posttraumatic stress disorder ptsd
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excessive phosphorus loading to inland FW lakes around the globe has resulted in nuisance plant growth along the waterfronts degraded habitat for coldwater fisheries and impaired beaches marinas and waterfront property the direct atmospheric deposition of phosphorus can be a significant contributing source to inland lakes the atmospheric deposition monitoring program for lake simcoe ontario indicates roughly of the annual TP load period is due to direct atmospheric deposition both wet and dry deposition on the lake this novel T0 presents a firsttime application of the genetic algorithm ga methodology to optimize the application of best management practices bmps related to agriculture and mobile sources to achieve atmospheric phosphorus reduction targets and restore the ecological health of the lake the novel methodology takes into account the spatial distribution of the emission sources in the airshed the complex atmospheric longrange transport and deposition processes cost and efficiency of the popular management practices and social constraints related to the adoption of bmps the optimization scenariodicated that flavonoids interacted with TPS CAA residues located on the outer surface of βlg these findings can provide a deep understanding about the interaction mechanism between flavonoids and protein and it may be valuable in dairy incorporation with flavonoids
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the aim of this T0 was to compare passive muscle stiffness in children with CP cp and children with typical development using a novel ultrasound technique ultrasound shear wave elastography swe
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we have used a relatively new technology to increase the number of HL that will react with human ovarian carcinoma cells this technology often called retargeting of the immune system can temporarily redirect the activity of immune cells that were originally committed to react with foreign substances other than CA cells in the example presented here the antitumor effects of retargeted human t lymphocytes collected from normal donors were tested in immunodeficient mice with a human ovarian carcinoma L1 growing intraperitoneally we retargeted t cells in vitro with a bispecific antibody that reacted with the t cell receptor complex and with a cellsurface antigen expressed by the ovarian carcinoma cells retargeted lymphocytes injected intraperitoneally into mice days after intraperitoneal injection of the tumor cells impeded tumor growth and doubled the host survival time these findings provide support for the concept that treatment of ovarian CA patients with retargeted t cells could prove beneficial
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avilamycin residue in food is regulated as its marker residue dichloroisoeverninic acid dia an isotope dilution liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry method is established for the accurate determination of dia in animal muscles without any preextraction and preconcentration prior to ALP hydrolysis optimization of the sample cleanup procedures such as liquidliquid extraction and SP SE was performed by finetuning several critical parameters to reduce the matrix effects quantification of dia in edible muscle was accomplished by using matrixmatched calibration with dichloroisoeverninic acidd as internal standard the method was validated with dia and avilamycinfortified poultry and porcine muscles at three different levels and μgkg conversion of avilamycin to dia by alkaline hydrolysis was ⥠the recoveries of dia in both muscles at three fortification levels ranged from to and rsds were ⤠in all cases the estimated limit of PCD values in poultry and porcine muscles were and μgkg respectively the estimated limit of quantitation values in poultry and porcine muscles were and μgkg respectively this method is suitable for routine monitoring of avilamycin residue in food safety surveillance programs
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recent evidence suggests that the cirrhosis of alphaantitrypsin deficiency is not invariably fatal as it was previously thought portal hypertension is often the major determinant of survival the few reports of portasystemic venous anastomosis in this disorder have shown poor results or uncertain outcome thus doubts exist as to whether portasystemic shunts should be performed in alphaantitrypsin deficiency two patients with alphaantitrypsin deficiency pizz and associated portal hypertension cirrhosis and hypersplenism underwent splenorenal shunt and splenectomy yr ago and both have done well one of the patients has chronic severe headaches diarrhea exudative enteropathy sinusitis and hematuria all uncommon in alphaantitrypsin deficiency but possibly related to the antienzyme deficiency she also has a higher trypsin inhibitory capacity than is generally reported in zz individuals based on the experience with these patients it appears that alphaantitrypsin deficiency with cirrhosis is not a valid contraindication to the performance of a portasystemic shunt
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escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to effectively produce a series of biopolymers consisted of four types of monomers including glycolate lactate hydroxybutyrate and hydroxybutyrate from gl as the carbon source the biosynthetic route of novel quadripolymers was achieved by the overexpression of a range of rat and heterologous enzymes including ICL isocitrate dehydrogenase kinasephosphatase glyoxylatehydroxypyruvate reductase propionylcoa transferase βketothiolase acetoacetylcoa reductase succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase HBD coa GOT and pha synthase in shake flask cultures using luriabertani medium supplemented with glucose the recombinant e coli reached gl cell dry weight with wt biopolymer content in bioreactor T0 the final cell dry weight was gl containing gl biopolymer the structure of the produced polymer was chemically characterized by proton nmr analysis assessment of thermal and mechanical properties demonstrated that the quadripolymer possessed decreased crystallinity and improved toughness in comparison to polyhydroxybutyrate homopolymer this is the first study reporting efficient microbial production of the quadripolymer polyglycolatecolactatecohydroxybutyratecohydroxybutyrate from gl
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biodiesel fuel is gaining more and more importance because of the SD and uncontrollable prices of fossil fuel resources the use of vegetable oil and their derivatives as alternatives for diesel fuel is the best answer and as old as diesel engine chemically biodiesel fuel is the mono alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable oils and animal fats safflower oil contains of LA the presence of this unsaturated HFA is useful in alleviating low temperature properties like pour point cloud point and cold filter plugging point in this paper we studied the effect of various parameters such as temperature molar ratio oil to alcohol and concentration of catalyst on synthesis of biodiesel fuel from safflower oil the better suitable conditions of molar ratio oil to alcohol degrees c temperature and catalyst concentration of by wt of oil were determined the finally obtained biodiesel fuel was analyzed for fatty acid composition by glc and some other properties such as flash point specific gravity and acid value were also determined from the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel fuel was with in the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel with yield
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alterations in the IMT kinase enzyme ret are found in thyroid and lung CA while ret tk inhibitors tkis are used to treat thyroid CA and are in PCTs for ret fusionpositive nonsmall cell lung cancer the impact of mutations in the ret kinase domain on drug sensitivity is largely uncharacterized
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this in vitro study was designed to characterize the molecular profiling of human EC cells ecs during the early phase of hypoxiahypothermia hh conditioning and to evaluate their interactions with allogeneic monocytes the hhconditioned ecs were analyzed using RT QPCR rtpcr a cell adhesion assay was performed to assess adhesion of purified allogeneic monocytes as well as cd and CD4+ TA to hhconditioned ecs with or without TSBAb specific for cds and cd uptake of ec membrane by monocytes with or without scavenger receptor blockade was examined using fluorescenceactivated cell scanning the rtpcr revealed upregulation of gene transcripts for inflammatory cytokines monocyteassociated growth AF costimulatory and apoptosisrelated molecules in hhconditioned ecs analysis using fluorescenceactivated cell scanning showed minimal cd upregulation in hhconditioned ecs we noted lowlevel adhesion of cd or cdpositive cells to resting and hhconditioned ecs highlevel adhesion of monocytes to hhconditioned ecs was observed when compared with resting ecs blockade of cds and cd dramatically reduced mo adhesion to normal and hhconditioned ecs monocytes but not TA showed uptake of ec membranes during their interactions with hhconditioned ecs which was inhibited by scavenger receptor blockade these data characterized the molecular features of ecs during early hhconditioning the ec transcripts related to monocyte recruitment and interaction between monocytes and hhconditioned ecs dominated the early posthh condition blockade of cds and cd prevented mo adhesion to ecs these findings suggest that the initial interaction between monocytes and hhconditioned ecs has a central role during the early phase of RI
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efficient electronic energy transfer eet in the newly synthesized dyads comprised of zinc porphyrin covalently linked to one two or four numbers of boron dipyrrin bdp entities is investigated both steadystate and timeresolved emission as well as transient absorption studies revealed occurrence of efficient singletsinglet energy transfer from bdp to zinc porphyrin with the time scale ranging between and ps a decrease in time constants for SE transfer with increasing the number of bdp units is observed revealing better antenna effect of dyads bearing higher number of boron dipyrrin entities further supramolecular triads to mimic the antennareaction center functionality of photosynthetic reaction center have been successfully constructed by coordinating fulleropyrrolidine appended with an imidazole ligand to the zinc porphyrin the structural integrity of the supramolecular triads was arrived by optical computational and electrochemical studies free SE calculations revealed possibility of PET from singlet excited zinc porphyrin to fullerene and the preliminary TA studies involving pumpprobe technique are supportive of occurrence of electron transfer from znp to fullerene in the supramolecular triads
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the attachment to and penetration of EC cells in the pons and midbrain especially the substantia nigra regions of the brains of balbc mice by logphase nocardia asteroides guh cells were determined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis within min after SE the nocardiae attached to the surface of the endothelial cell membrane this attachment occurred primarily at the growing tip of the nocardial filament and the outermost SL of the nocardial cell wall had regions electrondense Az that bound firmly to the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell there appeared to be specificity for this binding localized within the capillaries and arterioles because some regions had large numbers of bacteria bound whereas adjacent areas had no bacterial cells nocardial filaments that attached by the apex induced a cuplike deformation of the endothelial CM this was followed by a rapid penetration of the EC cell so that within min many of the bacteria were internalized within the host cell these internalized bacteria remained within vesicles and there was no ultrastructural evidence of damage to the nocardial cell during this process heatkilled guh cells still attached to endothelial surfaces at a reduced frequency but they did not penetrate into the endothelial cell these data suggest that braininvasive nocardiae possess both an adhesin for attachment to the membrane of endothelial cells and an invasion factor that promotes nocardial penetration of these cells
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we have recently developed a CP which contains silsesquioxane in the form of nanobridges polycarbonatesilsesquioxanebridgeureaurethane pcbsu for cardiovascular device applications the CP has been characterised and the durability has been confirmed with LT in vivo tests the aim of this T0 was to test the cytocompatibility of the new CP and to investigate any potential cytotoxic effects to assess the effect of direct contact with pcbsu sections of polymer material were cut and placed into a well plate six discs were seeded with x human umbilical vein cells huvec as a PC six wells were seeded with the same number of huvec in a further experiment to assess indirect contact with pcbsu a sample of the polymer was powdered using a microdismembrator cell culture medium was exposed to powdered polymer mgml for a period of days huvec seeded as above were then exposed to the treated CC medium for and h finally cell proliferation was studied over days by seeding x huvec on films of pcbsu cast in glass petri dishes cell viability and growth were assessed using alamar blue lactate dehydrogenase and pico green assays and morphology was studied by toluidine blue staining and scanning electron microscopy viable cells were demonstrated to be present after days seeded on pcbsu exposing cells to pcbsutreated CC medium resulted in no apparent damage to the cells at concentrations of or mgml and only a slight reduction at mgml after h SE this study demonstrates that pcbsu can support the growth of endothelial cells for a prolonged period and does not demonstrate any significant toxic effects to cells thus it has the potential to be used both as a medical device and as scaffolding in TE applications
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to determine whether lateonset schizophrenia los ON T3 age should be considered a distinct AT1 of schizophrenia
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the melanocortin system is a primordial and critical system for survival involved in a wide variety of physiological functions it includes melanocortin receptors mcrs and MSH ligands mcls mcrs are important drug targets that can regulate several key physiological processes extensive efforts have been made to develop peptide and peptidomimetics targeting melanocortin receptors including mcr mcr mcr and mcr most research is focused on developing potent and selective melanotropins however developing bioavailable melanotropins remains challenging Az covered herein the authors summarize promising strategies for developing bioavailable mcls by using cyclized nmethylated melanotropins and using cyclotide and tetrapeptide as templates they discuss their unique advantages in oral availability and targeting mcrs in the CNS system or in IP tissues finally they discuss the observed differences in thepharmacology of mcrs between in vitro and in vivo tests expert opinion nmethylated cyclized melanotropins have great potential to become bio available drugs targeting mcrs in the BB while mcrgrafted cyclotides tend to target mcrs in peripheral tissue a better understanding of the biased signaling process is a new challenge and opportunity for the future discovery of bioavailable mcls
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systolic heart failure leads to progressive left VVI impairment has a poor prognosis and negatively affects the patients SQ of life especially when the disease advances to the point where it causes refractory symptoms VVI CR one of the consequences of advanced systolic HF results from complex pathophysiologic mechanisms and leads to hemodynamic compromise clinical deterioration and death the nursing literature on HF has focused on NE changes and the pharmacologic management in response to these changes little emphasis has been placed on other pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to a worsening of ventricular CF or on advances in clinical research that may influence current and future nursing management of the patient throughout the continuum of care for therapy to be individualized it is necessary for nurses to understand the pathophysiology of systolic HR failure and the importance that nursing actions have on augmenting medical management to alleviate symptoms and to deter the progression of the pathophysiologic state such an understanding should ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality and optimize quality of life
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three patients with sonographically demonstrated portal venous gas are presented two patients were also studied using computed tomography ct both techniques had superior sensitivity compared to plain radiographs scattered echogenic patches in the liver parenchyma and centrifugal flow of echogenic patches in the portal vein and its branches are typical ultrasound findings of portal vein gas DUE of ultrasound findings and coordination with clinical PH differentiate portal vein gas from biliary gas
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viphelodermin receptors and pge receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase underwent rapid homologous desensitization andor down regulation in the human lymphoma supt cell L1 helodermin and pgestimulated adenylate cyclase activities in CM decreased by and respectively after a hr incubation of cells with nm vip or microm pge the adenylate cyclase response to helodermin doubled within min of incubation with fresh medium this part of the resensitization process being not significantly reduced by cycloheximide the second slower phase of recovery attained of control values after hr and was significantly affected by cycloheximide added at time these data were corroborated by our observations on ihelodermin IB to IN cells in the case of PET pge receptors sixty percent of the adenylate cyclase response reappeared within min with the second phase of recovery leading after hr to of control values of pgestimulated CEA this resensitization process to pge was as a whole cycloheximide sensitive
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thirty women with detrusor instability cases idiopathic and three secondary to multiple sclerosis completed a doubleblind crossover trial of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor flurbiprofen and a PL results being evaluated by questionnaire and CMG frequency urgency and urge incontinence were all significantly reduced with flurbiprofen p less than p less than and p less than respectively as was the detrusorpressure rise during bladder filling p less than side effects however occurred in patients while taking flurbiprofen compared with five while taking placebo p less than after the trial patients wished to continue with flurbiprofen flurbiprofen is a useful treatment for idiopathic detrusor instability and is well tolerated by most patients
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we present a comparative assessment of the accuracy of two different approaches for evaluating dispersion interactions interatomic pairwise corrections and semiempirical metageneralizedgradientapproximation metaggabased functionals this is achieved by employing conventional semilocal and screenedhybrid functionals as well as semiempirical hybrid and nonhybrid metagga functionals of the m family with and without interatomic pairwise tkatchenkoscheffler corrections all of those are tested against the benchmark s set of weakly bound systems a representative larger molecular complex dimer of nipc molecules and a representative dispersively bound solid hexagonal BN for the s database we also compare our results with those obtained from the pairwise correction of grimme dftd and nonlocal langrethlundqvist functionals vdwdf and vdwdf we find that the semiempirical kineticenergydensity dependence introduced in the m functionals mimics some of the nonlocal correlation needed to describe dispersion however longrange contributions are still missing pairwise interatomic corrections applied to conventional semilocal or hybrid functionals or to m functionals provide for a satisfactory level of accuracy irrespectively of the underlying functional specifically screenedhybrid functionals such as the heydscuseriaernzerhof hse RPA reduce selfinteraction PE in systems possessing both localized andonth due to severe renal failure although er stress and impairment of polycystin the product of the gene mutated in autosomaldominant polycystic kidney disease are possible causes of cystogenesis in aqpnull mice the exact mechanism of pathogenesis and the physiological CF of aqp are yet to be resolved
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the precipitation of tobacco mosaic virus by sodium chondroitin sulfate in an AQ solution was investigated kinetically by means of turbidimetry the virus solution became turbid after the addition of chondroitin sulfate a threshold concentration of chondroitin mgml was required for virus precipitation irrespective of the virus concentration the precipitation resulted from a mutual spatial exclusion phenomenon leading to the separation of the virus as a crystalline phase the dimension of chondroitin sulfate calculated at the threshold concentration agreed well with that obtained by other methods the initial slopes and the aggregation halftimes of the virus aggregates depended on both chondroitin and virus concentrations and the former increased with the increase in concentration of each above the threshold concentration of chondroitin sulfate tobacco mosaic virus aggregation was a rapidaggregation process and ended within sec
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this review discusses an RPA to determining the cause of NE as well as current evidence on resuscitation and subsequent management of hypoxicischaemic encephalopathy hie encephalopathy in neonates can be due to varied aetiologies in addition to hypoxicischaemia a combination of careful history examination and the judicious use of investigations can help determine the cause over the last years infants with moderate to severe hie have benefited from the introduction of routine therapeutic HT the number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome is ci to more recent research has focused on optimal resuscitation practices for babies with cardiorespiratory depression such as delayed cord clamping T3 establishment of ventilation and resuscitation in air around a quarter of infants with asystole at min after birth who are subsequently cooled have normal outcomes suggesting that individualised decision making on stopping resuscitation is needed based on access to intensive treatment unit and early cooling the full benefit of cooling appears to have been exploited in our current treatment protocols of hours at °c deeper and longer cooling showed AO the challenge over the next years will be to assess which adjunct therapies are safe and optimise hypothermic BB protection in phase i and phase ii trials optimal care may require tailoring treatments according to gender genetic risk injury severity and inflammatory status
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microbial reduction of perchlorate in the presence of zerovalent iron was examined in both batch and column reactors to assess the potential of iron as the electron donor for biological perchlorate reduction process ironsupported mixed cultures CR removed mgl of perchlorate in batch reactors in days the Rmax was similar to that observed with hydrogen gas and acetate mgl as electron donors repeated spiking of perchlorate to batch reactors containing iron LG and microorganisms showed that CR perchlorate reduction by the ironsupported SC was sustained over a long period complete removal of perchlorate by ironsupported anaerobic culture was also achieved in a benchscale iron column with a hydraulic residence time of days this study demonstrated the potential applicability of zerovalent iron as a source of electrons for biological perchlorate reduction use of zerovalent iron may eliminate the need to continually supply electron donors such as organic substrates or explosive hydrogen gas in addition iron is inexpensive safe to handle and does not leave organic residuals in the treated water
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in order to determine the ratio of phosphates to hormonebinding sites on nonactivated nondnabinding glucocorticoid receptors in wehi mouse thymoma cells we have extracted these receptors from cells grown to a Css with p labeled them with a saturating concentration of hdexamethasone mesylate purified them using a monoclonal antibody and analyzed them by PAGE under denaturing and reducing conditions the complexes contained approximately mol of phosphatemol of bound steroid only half of the phosphates were associated with the approximately kda protein which is labeled with DEX mesylate the remaining phosphates were associated with the approximately kda nonsteroidbinding component of the nonactivated complex dual label studies using smethionine to measure receptor protein and p to measure receptor phosphates have enabled us to determine the phosphate content relative to receptor protein of both nonactivated and activated cytosolic complexes generated in IN wehi cells exposed to triamcinolone acetonide at degrees c the total amount of phosphate associated with the activated complex is roughly half of that associated with the nonactivated complex the decrease being accounted for by dissociation of the approximately kda phosphoprotein which accompanies activation however the ratio of p to s counts associated with the approximately kda steroidbinding protein is the same for the activated and nonactivated complexes these results indicate that there is no net NC in the phosphorylation of the approximately kda steroidbinding component of the cytosolic glucocorticoidreceptor complex upon activation in the IN cell
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multiple endocrine neoplasia types a and bmen a and men b and familial medullary thyroid carcinomafmtc are autosomal dominantly inherited syndromes involving endocrine tumors men a is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinomamtc pheochromocytomapheo and parathyroid hyperplasia men b is characterized by mtc pheo mucosal GN and marfanoid habitus affected individuals in fmtc families develop mtc without any other CA men a and men b and fmtc are caused by germline mutations in the ret protooncogene to investigate the spectrum of ret mutations among japanese patients we analyzed the ret gene patients with men or fmtc
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riskadjusted mortality is widely used to benchmark trauma center care patients presenting with isolated hip fractures ihfs are usually excluded from these evaluations however there is no standardized definition of an ihf we aimed to evaluate whether there is consensus on the definition of an ihf used as an exclusion criterion in studies evaluating the performance of trauma centers in terms of mortality
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the inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mtp blocks the hepatic secretion of very LD lipoproteins vldl and the intestinal secretion of CMs consequently this mechanism provides a highly efficacious pharmacological target for the lowering of LD lipoprotein ldl cholesterol and reduction of postprandial lipemia the combination of these effects could afford unprecedented benefit in the treatment of atherosclerosis and consequent cardiovascular disease the promise of this therapeutic target has attracted widespread interest in the pharmaceutical industry independent efforts have yielded strikingly similar series of lipophilic NH inhibitors the way in which the evolutionary paths of distinct inhibitor series have tended to converge through the course of roboticsassisted synthesis efforts is illustrated with candidates from bristolmyers squibb and pfizer hanging in the balance with the exceptional potency of the EDC presented are the potential adverse effects due to blockage of intestinal fat absorption and hepatic lipid secretion finding a degree of efficacy that can be safely tolerated defines the dilemma surrounding the advancement of these compounds to clinical practice
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the studies presented herein were designed to assess the effects of na on the affinity of the lutropinchoriogonadotropin lhcg receptor we performed competition binding experiments in buffers containing nacl or an isosmolar concentration of an AGA na substitute the results presented show that na decreases the affinity of lh but not that of cg in intact cells and CM in detergentsolubilized receptors however the affinity of lh is higher than that of cg and is not influenced by na in addition we show that na does not affect the number of lhcg receptors
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primary antibody deficiencies pads the most prevalent inherited primary immunodeficiencies pids are associated with a wide range of genetic alterations both monogenic or polygenic in b cellspecific genes however correlations between the TT and clinical manifestations are not evident in all cases indicating that genetic interactions environmental and epigenetic factors may have a role in pad pathogenesis the recent identification of key defects in dna methylation in common variable immunodeficiency as well as the multiple evidences on the role of epigenetic control during b cell differentiation activation and during antibody formation highlight the importance of investing research efforts in dissecting the participation of epigenetic defects in this group of diseases this review focuses on the role of epigenetic control in b cell biology which can provide clues for the study of potential novel pathogenic defects involved in pads
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genetic discriminationdefined as the denial of rights privileges or opportunities or other adverse treatment based solely on genetic information including family historyis an important concern to patients healthcare professionals lawmakers and family members at risk for carrying a deleterious gene data from the united states canada and australia were collected from individuals at risk for huntington disease hd who have tested either positive or negative for the gene that causes hd and family members of affected individuals who have a risk for developing the disorder but remain untested across all three countries a total of of respondents report genetic discrimination or stigma based on either their family PH of hd or genetic testing for the hd gene mutation we report on the overall incidence of discrimination and stigma in the domains of insurance employment relationships and other transactions in the united states canada and australia combined the incidence of selfreported discrimination is less than the overall worry about the risk of discrimination which is more prevalent in each domain despite a relatively low rate of perceived genetic discrimination in the areas of health insurance and employment compared to the perception of discrimination and stigma in personal relationships the cumulative burden of genetic discrimination across all domains of experience represents a challenge to those at risk for hd the effect of this cumulative burden on daily life decisions remains unknown
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in the context of a sevenyear followup study former psychiatric inpatients and subjects from the GP were interviewed twice first with the german version of the diagnostic interview schedule dis version and second with a clinical interview using the arbeitsgemeinschaft für methodik und dokumentation in der psychiatrie amdp checklist to assign a clinical international classification of diseases eighth revision icd diagnosis independent of the dis with the clinicians icd diagnosis as a measure of the SQ of the dis the results indicate a sufficiently high overall specificity and sensitivity of the dis as a casefinding instrument in a general population survey and a surprisingly high concordance of most dis diagnostic classes with comparable icd diagnoses only for panic disorders possibly due to different symptom and time criteria and schizophrenia possibly due to the strict probe system the dependence on selfreports and time criteria was low sensitivity found because there is no dis diagnostic category comparable with icd unipolar affective psychosis a meaningful comparison of this icd category with research diagnostic criteria and dsmiii was not possible
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rat fibrosarcoma cells INF with friend leukemia virus fvkmt grow for a short time and then regress spontaneously in syngeneic hosts this regression mechanism was examined by analyzing the immunomodulating action of the antitumor drugs busulfan bu and cyclophosphamide cy in preliminary experiments the optimum dosages of bu and cy for the enhancement of dth responses to srbc were mgkg and mgkg respectively treatment of rats with bu mgkg on day induced the regression of kmt cells while in contrast the same drug delayed the spontaneous regression of fvkmt cells i.c.v. with cy mgkg on day did not affect the growth of kmt or fvkmt cells after the same treatment schedule bu inhibited humoral antibody formation against srbc and against virusassociated antigen vaa nk cell activity and adcc effector cell activity on the other hand cy did not affect the MICs of nk cells or adcc effector cells although it significantly augmented the dth responses to srbc and the production of antibody to vaa but had no effect on production of antibodies to srbc these results suggest that nk cells and adcc may play an important role in the initial stage of the SR of fvkmt cells
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conventional cytotoxic anticancer drugs that target all rapidly dividing cells are nonselective in their mechanism of action because they disrupt essential components that are crucial to both malignant and proliferating normal cells instead targeting cellular functions that are distinctly different between normal and cancer cells may provide a basis for selective killing of RT cells one such strategy that is still largely unexplored is to utilize the relatively higher negative mitochondrial membrane potential in carcinoma cells compared with adjacent normal epithelial cells to enhance accumulation and PR of cytotoxic lipophilic cations in the former in this T0 the anticancer MICs of a new class of rosamines with cyclic amine substituents and their structureactivity relationships were investigated from an invitro cell growth inhibition assay of the rosamines inhibited the growth of human one hl cells by at micromolar or lower concentrations derivatives containing hydrophilic substituents had less potent activity whereas aryl substitution at the meso position conferred extra activity with thiofuran and paraiodo aryl substitutions being the most potent in addition both EDC were at least fold more cytotoxic than rhodamine against a panel of cell lines of different tissue origin and similar to Rh exhibited more cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared with immortalized normal epithelial cells of the same organ type in subsequent experiments the paraiodo aryl substituted rosamine was found to localize exclusively within the mitochondria and induced apoptosis as the major mode of cell death our results suggest that these compounds offer potential for the design of mitochondriatargeting agents that either directly kill or deliver cytotoxic drugs to selectively kill cancer cells
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the serratus anterior muscle was used as a free tissue transfer to reconstruct complex craniofacial defects in patients SA muscle CT and SA muscle with rib were the transfers made all flaps survived and scapular winging did not occur the serratus anterior muscle has several advantages for the reconstruction of mediumsized craniofacial defects because of its position a twoteam approach is possible it has a consistent pedicle anatomy and low donor site morbidity it has a C1 caliber vessel and a long pedicle when compared with the commonly employed rectus abdominis flap for moderatesized defects the serratus muscle offers greater versatility in design and has the option of incorporating bone and innervated muscle without increasing significant donor site morbidity
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PNPase deficiency leads to a dgtpmediated tlymphopenia suggesting that an analogue of deoxyguanosine would be selectively ERP in tcell disease betadarabinofuranosylguanine arag is relatively resistant to hydrolysis by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and selectively toxic to TA but its low solubility has prevented its use in the clinic aminomethoxyarabinofuranosylpurine gwu serves as the watersoluble prodrug for arag a phase i trial in patients with refractory hematological malignancies demonstrated that the clinical responses to this agent were directly related to the peak C2 of arag triphosphate aragtp in target cells the aim of the present study was to develop and test strategies to increase intracellular accumulation of aragtp in primary HL-60 cells of myeloid and blymphoid origin three strategies were tested first incubations with microm arag for h produced a linear median accumulation rate of micromh range micromh n in lymphoid CEM and micromh range micromh n in ML cells saturation of aragtp accumulation was achieved only T3 h exposure in both lymphoid and ML cells suggesting a rationale for prolonged infusion second a dosedependent increase in aragtp accumulation was observed with incubations of microm arag for h hence dosing regimens that achieve high plasma levels of arag during therapy may increase cellular levels of aragtp finally a biochemical modulation RPA using in vitro incubation of CEM with microm F-ara-A for h followed by either or microm arag for h resulted in a statistically significant median fold range fold p and fold range fold p increase in aragtp compared to cells incubated with arag CT extension of these studies to ex vivo incubations confirmed our in vitro findings these strategies will be used in the design of clinical protocols to increase aragtp accumulation in CEM during therapy
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this review summarizes our studies using pharmacological neurochemical and molecular biological methods on the nociception in the cns and or oprs we designed an in vitro fluorometric online monitoring system including an immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase column and for the first time actually demonstrated that CAP induced the release of glutamate from rat DH slices containing the terminal area of primary afferents in concentrationdependent extracellular cadependent and tetrodotoxinresistant manners further such a PR was shown to be inhibited through mu and deltaopioid receptors and alpha adrenoceptors on the other hand we found that intracerebroventricular i.v. of interleukin il beta in rats produced biphasic effects on the mechanical nociception in rats hyperalgesia in lower concentrations but analgesia in higher ones and that similar injections of cytokineinduced PMNL chemoattractant cinc facilitated mechanical nociception in rats the above described facts suggest that glu and some sorts of cytokines il beta and cinc contribute to nociception at least from the primary afferents to the spinal dorsal horn neurons and in higher brain respectively we have cloned rat kappa and muopioid receptors using cloned cdna for oprs we demonstrated the distribution of mrnas for oprs in the rat CE nervous system coexistence of each type of mrna for mu delta and kappaoprs and preprotachykinin a mrna in the DRG SN an increased expression of mu and kappaopr mrnas in the iii layers of rat lumbar dorsal horn with an AA in the hind limb the inhibitions of n and qtypes of ICa by mu and kappaopr agonists and crossdesensitization of the inhibition through a common intracellular phosphorylationindependent mechanism pharmacological characterization of antagonist analgesics as partial agonists at every type of oprs and the keystructures of oprs for discriminative IB of damgo to muopr
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the profiles of dimethoxyphenylaminoimidazoline hcl rx and benzodioxanylaminoimidazoline maleate rx were compared with that of clonidine in isolated tissues and pithed rats rx consistently displayed prejunctional alpha adrenoceptor antagonist and postjunctional agonist properties in contrast rx had a complex profile which showed considerable variability between tissues this variability is highlighted by comparing its effects at the prejunctional alpha adrenoceptors of the isolated vas deferens and guineapig ileum in the former rx was an agonist whereas only antagonist properties were apparent in the ileum
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the correct diagnosis of cpa tumours is a relatively common issue in both neurological and ent practice the omission of which can have serious consequences for the patient properly set clinical guidelines and diagnostic protocols are key aspects of good clinical practice in the case of cpa tumours two options are available the first is diagnosis with the help of an abr as the primary tool for determining the group of patients with a possible tumour the second is an mri scan of the posterior cranial fossa with an appropriately set diagnostic protocol in place and despite the chance of failure of the abr to detect tumours less than or equal to cm similar treatment results can be achieved with much higher cost tau in case of primary abr testing
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the basis for the relationship between the discharges in the external cartized cats that were vagotomized paralyzed and artificially ventilated ive discharge with the period of the cycle of phrenic nerve activity is extrinsically imposed on central sympathetic networks by elements of the BS respiratory oscillator however a number of observations made in the present T0 contradict this view first changes in respiratory rate were accompanied by dramatic shifts in the phase relations between sympathetic and PND second slow oscillations of sympathetic and phrenic nerve discharge were not always locked in a relation third the slow sympathetic rhythm persisted when respiratory rhythmicity disappeic components of sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity are generated by in
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the ethanolic extracts various fractions and two pure compounds isolated from the plant n arbortris were tested against encephalomyocarditis virus emcv and semliki forest virus sfv pronounced in vitro virus LIA was observed with the ethanolic and nbutanol fractions as well as with the pure EDC arbortristoside a and arbortristoside c in addition ethanolic extracts and nbutanol fraction protected emcv INF mice to the extent of and respectively against sfv at a daily dose of mgkg body weight
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emerging evidence suggests that hypertonic saline hts is efficient in decreasing intracranial pressure icp however there is no consensus about its interaction with brain hemodynamics and oxygenation in this study we investigated BB response to hts bolus with multimodal monitoring after severe traumatic BB injury tbi we included consecutive tbi patients during days T3 neurocritical care unit admission continuous BB monitoring applied included icp tissue oxygenation pto and CBF blood flow cbf CBF perfusion pressure cpp cerebrovascular resistance cvr and reactivity indices related to pressure prx and flow cbfx were calculated icmsoftware was used to collect and analyze monitoring data eleven of patients developed episodes of intracranial hypertension iht greater than mm hg that were managed with hts bolus analysis over time was performed with linear mixedeffects regression modelling after hts bolus icp and cpp improved over time p following a quadratic model from baseline to min icp had a mean decrease of mm hg and cpp a mean increase of mmhg mean increase in cbf was mlmin g p and mean decrease in cvr reached mm hgmin gml p both changes preceded pressures improvement pto exhibited a marginal increase and no significant models for time behaviour could be fitted prx and cbfx were best described by a linear decreasing MM showing autoregulation recover T3 hts p and p respectively during evaluation co remained constant and sodium level did not exhibit significant R2 in conclusion management of iht with hts silant protection products on pollinators is currently based on the DUE of lethal doses through repeatable lethal toxicity laboratory trials recent advances in honeybee toxicology have however raised interest on assessing sublethal effects in freeranging individuals here we show that the sublethal effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide are modified in magnitude by environmental interactions TPS to the landscape and time of exposure events field sublethal assessment is therefore context dependent and should be addressed in a temporally and spatially explicit way especially regarding weather and landscape physiognomy we further develop an analytical effective dose ed FR to help disentangle contextinduced from treatmentinduced effects and thus to alleviate uncertainty in field studies although the ed FR involves trials at concentrations above the expected field SE C2 it allows to explicitly delineating the climatic and landscape contexts that should be targeted for indepth higher tier risk assessment
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the goals of these experiments were to efficiently deliver aerosolized adenoassociated virus aav vector to the lungs of rhesus macaques and to measure gene transfer and expression to determine optimal lung deposition we compared four techniques of delivering aerosolized saline admixed with the RI mtechnetium mtc nebulized through a mouthpiece neb oral a laryngeal airway mask neb lma or an ET neb ett or bronchoscopically delivered by microsprayer penncentury total lung deposition fraction as indicated by gamma scintigraphy averaged neb oral neb lma neb ett and microsprayer because microspraying was the most efficient method of delivery we used it to administer saline with mtclabeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid dtpa admixed with x infectious units iu of aav serotype raav vector encoding green FL protein gfp raavgfp initial total and regional lung depositions were quantified by scintigraphy we analyzed the tissue three weeks later for vectorspecific dna transduction and rna expression radioisotope was detected in all lung regions reflecting an average dose of x x iu per region regional data indicated an increase in expression when the dose exceeded x iu p we conclude that expression of raavgfp in lungs appears to be related to depositing a regional threshold dose greater than x iu easily achieved by bronchoscopic microspraying
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calcitonins are amino acid peptide hormones with both IP and central actions mediated via TPS cell surface receptors which belong to the class ii subfamily of g proteincoupled receptors understanding receptor function particularly in terms of ligand recognition by calcitonin receptors may aid in the rational design of calcitonin analogs with increased potency and improved selectivity to directly identify sites of proximity between calcitonin and its receptor we carried out photoaffinity labeling studies followed by protein digestion and mapping of the radiolabeled photoconjugated receptor a fully active salmon calcitonin analog argbpasct incorporating a photolabile pbenzoyllphenylalanine into position of the ligand has been used to demonstrate spatial proximity between residue of the peptide and the aminoterminal extracellular domain of the receptor cyanogen bromide cleavage together with endoproteinase aspn digestion indicated that binding was predominantly to the region delimited by receptor residues cys and met IB to this fragment was supported further by cyanogen bromidedigestion of receptors that were mutated to remove the predicted cleavage site at met ma ml binding within the amino acid fragment was refined further by digestion with endoproteinase lysc to the CAA region corresponding to cyslys these results provide the first direct demonstration of a contact domain between sCT and its receptor and will contribute toward modeling of the calcitoninreceptor interface
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there are numerous studies concerning the effect of uvb light on skin cells but fewer on other skin components such as the interstitial fluid this review highlights highdensity lipoprotein hdl and MDA-LDL ldl as important targets of uvb in interstitial fluid tryptophan residues are the sole apolipoprotein residues absorbing solar uvb the uvbinduced oneelectron oxidation of trp produces â¢trp and â¢o radicals which trigger lipid peroxidation immunoblots from buffered solutions or suction BF reveal that propagation of photooxidative damage to other residues such as tyr or disulfide bonds produces intra and intermolecular bonds in apolipoproteins ai aii and b partial repair of phenoxyl tyrosyl radicals tyro⢠by α TOC is observed with ldl and hdl on millisecond or second time scales whereas limited repair of α tocopherol by carotenoids occurs in only hdl more effective repair of tyr and α tocopherol is observed with the flavonoid quercetin bound to serum Al but quercetin is less potent than new synthetic polyphenols in inhibiting ldl lipid peroxidation or restoring α TOC the SVR consequences of hdl and ldl oxidation and the activation andor inhibition of signalling pathways by Ox ldl and their ability to enhance transcription factor dna binding activity are also reviewed
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pulmonary blastoma pb is a rare and aggressive pulmonary malignancy a yearold woman was diagnosed as biphasic pb subgroup of sarcomatoid carcinoma and treated by surgery radiotherapy and chemotherapy six months later the patient presented with menstrual disorder and a mass in the abdominalpelvic cavity AH and bilateral salpingooophorectomy showed the morphology of M1 pb in both ovaries the metastatic tumor was composed exclusively of epithelial components resembling welldifferentiated fetal adenocarcinoma to our knowledge this is the first reported case of BL ovarian metastasis from biphasic pb
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Css PLB patterns AM gases and arterial blood gases and ph were measured during air acute hypoxia and acute hyperoxia in four awake cats years T3 combined carotid body resection cbr and aortic depressor nerve section steady state breathing patterns and alveolar gases were also measured in these animals following days of hypoxia pio torr the results show that the awake cat without CBs and aortic depressor SN hypoventilates during normoxia in relation to intact cats acute hypoxia resulted in respiratory acidosis decreased tidal volume vt and decreased breath duration ttot SE to hypoxia for three days resulted in no HV isocapnia but increased vt and ttot from their levels during acute hypoxia acute hyperoxia resulted in respiratory alkalosis and increased vt moderate degrees of acute inspiratory hypoxia fio less than induced a behavioral arousal in these cats this is in direct contrast to the lack of response seen shortly T3 cbr presumably the recrudescence of chemosensitivity via unsectioned aortic chemoreceptor afferents played a key role in the arousal responses however there is no evidence in the cat for recrudescent chemoreceptor input to the respiratory control system with measurable steady state effect we conclude that the peripheral chemoreceptors are essential for normal resting VE control and for acclimation to chronic hypoxia
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in several epidemiological studies it was suggested that a high titer of cytomegalovirus cmv antibody meant cmv reactivation and that this condition was a determinant of PD disease cad the purpose of this study was to investigate both the prevalence of the cmv infections in our study population and whether high cmv seropositivity is a determinant of cad blood samples from female male individuals being evaluated for cad suspicion by coronary angiography were tested for cmv seropositivity and crp C2 fiftysix patients had normal coronary arteries and patients had cad six patients did not have anticmv antibodies and of the seropositive patients had high C2 of anticmv antibodies or uml high cmv seropositivity or uml was a significant cad determinant even T3 adjustment for traditional cad risk AF odds ratio or p respectively the results indicate that the prevalence of high cmv seropositivity is an independent predictor of cad in our T0 population and that our study population with cad had a high rate of cmv infection
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heterotrimeric g proteins consisting of alpha beta and gamma subunits couple ligandbound seven transmembrane domain receptors to the regulation of effector proteins and production of intracellular second messengers g protein signaling mediates the perception of environmental cues in all higher eukaryotic organisms including yeast dictyostelium plants and animals the nematode caenorhabditis elegans is the first animal to have complete descriptions of its cellular anatomy cell lineage neuronal wiring diagram and genomic CS in a recent paper jansen et al used CS searches of the c elegans genome DB to identify all heterotrimeric g protein genes galpha gbeta ggamma c elegans encodes one ortholog of each of the four galpha classes found in metazoans and new galpha genes the orthologous genes are widely expressed whereas of the divergent galpha genes are almost exclusively expressed in sensory neurons where they may regulate perception and CTX
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the effect of filamentous f actin on the channelforming activity of syringomycin e sre in negatively charged and uncharged bilayer lipid CM blm was studied factin did not affect the Gm in the absence of sre no changes in sreinduced Gm were observed when the above agents were added to the same side of blm however the opposite side addition of factin and sre provokes a multiple increase in Gm the similar voltage dependence of membrane conductance equal values of single channel conductance and the effective gating charge of the channels upon factin action suggests that the actindependent increase in blm conductance may result from an increase in the number of opened srechannels blm conductance kinetics depends on the sequence of sre and factin addition suggesting that actindependent rise of conductance may be induced by blm structural changes that follow factin adsorption factin exerted similar effect on Gm of both negatively charged and uncharged bilayers as well as on conductance of blm with high ionic strength bathing solution suggesting the L1 role for hydrophobic interactions in factin adsorption on lipid bilayer
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the pharmacokinetics of oral fluoride supplied by one half liter of royale saintyorre water which contains mg fluoride per liter were studied in ten healthy volunteers fluoride plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of fluoride were determined over hours T3 ingestion of one half liter royale saint yorre mineral water mean peak serum fluoride level was microgramsl time to peak SS level was h h and area under the curve from to hours was microgramslh mean urinary fluoride was mg range to micrograms the authors compared their findings with previously published data on fluoride pharmacokinetics after p.o. of an entericcoated sodium fluoride tablet containing mg elemental fluoride healthy volunteers both peak SS level standardized for the dose of elemental fluoride and time to peak serum level were greater with the water than with the tablet the authors cannot conclude as to which of the two types of fluoride exhibits the best BA because their absorption coefficients have not been determined this study demonstrates that royale saint yorre mineral water is a valuable source of fluoride additional prospective studies are needed to determine whether it has therapeutic potential
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the laser in glaucoma and OHT light trial aims to establish whether initial treatment with SLT slt is superior to initial treatment with topical medication for primary open angle glaucoma poag or ocular hypertension oht
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the influence of three plant growth stages full emergence of flower heads anthesis and initiation of seed set on the essential oil content and composition in davana artemisia pallens wall was investigated over two successive seasons the essential oil content was found to be higher at the full emergence of flower heads than at anthesis and initiation of seed set stages the contents of davanone the major constituent of davana oil and linalool decreased while those of z and emethyl cinnamate eethyl cinnamate bicyclogermacrene davana ether hydroxyisodavanone and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage these results support the GA practice of harvesting the crop at full bloom stage five compounds viz z and emethyl cinnamates z and eethyl cinnamates and geranyl acetate were identified for the first time in davana oil
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telomeres are dnaprotein structures that protect chromosome ends from Kd and fusion which are shortened by oxidative stress for example air pollution including benzene toluene coke oven emissions coes and so on as a biomarker of health and disease telomere length is associated with cardiovascular diabetes and cancers the aim of this T0 was to estimate the effects of coes SE on telomere length and the benchmark dose bmd of coes a total of coke oven workers and HCs without exposure to toxicants were recruited QPCR was used to determine the telomere length in human peripheral blood WBCs dna propensity scoring was used to match coke oven workers to healthy controls linear regression models and trend tests were used to the relationship between coes exposure and telomere length telomere length in coes exposed group was significantly shorter than that in the control group p there were significantly DR relationships between coes exposure and telomere damage with telomere length as a biomarker a bmdl value lower than the present occupational SE limits oels of coes exposure was evaluated using the bmd RPA in coke oven workers our results suggested that shorter telomere length is related to occupational SE to coes and the level of coes SE lower than the current national oels in china and many other countries could induce telomere damage
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astrogliosis whereby astrocytes in the CNS system cns become reactive in response to tissue damage is a prominent process leading to the formation of the glial scar that inhibits axon regeneration after cns injury upon becoming reactive astrocytes undergo various molecular and morphological changes including upregulating their expression of gfap and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans cspgs as well as other molecules that are inhibitory to axon growth we have developed an in vitro model of reactive astrogliosis as a result of treating cultured astrocytes with transforming growth factorβ tgfβ which induces increased expression as well as secretion of cspgs these reactive astrocytes show inhibitory effects on neuron growth both in neuronastrocyte coculture and in neurite guidance spot CA using astrocyteconditioned medium these reactive astrocytes provide a vehicle for testing substances that might overcome the glial scar and promote regeneration
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the gutbrain axis plays a key role in the control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis in response to luminal stimulation of macronutrients and microbiotaderived metabolites secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids glucagonlike peptides glp and are cosecreted from endocrine l cells in the gut and coreleased from preproglucagonergic neurons in the BB stem GLPs are proposed as key mediators for bariatric surgeryimproved glycemic control and EB little is known about the glp receptor glprmediated physiological roles in the control of FI and glucose homeostasis yet glpr has been studied extensively this review will highlight the physiological relevance of the central nervous system cns glpr in the control of SE balance and glucose homeostasis and focuses on cellular mechanisms underlying the cns glprmediated neural circuitry and intracellular pik signaling pathway new evidence obtained from glpr tissuespecific ko mice indicates that the glpr in pomc SN is essential for suppressing FF behavior gastrointestinal motility and HGP mice with glpr deletion selectively in pomc SN exhibit hyperphagic SMB accelerated gastric emptying glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance glp differentially modulates postsynaptic membrane excitability of hypothalamic pomc neurons in glpr and pikds not been characterized in this study we demonstrate that wt is upregulated in ccrcc cells that are deficient in the expression of the von hippellindau tumor suppressor protein vhl we found that wt transcriptionally activated snail a master transcriptional repressor that is known to induce emt although snail represses ecadherin and induces mesenchymal characteristics we found partial maintenance of ecadherin and associated epithelial characteristics in kidney cells and ccrcc cells that express wt since wt upregulates ecadherin expression and competes with snail repression these findings support a novel paradigm in which wt induces an epithelialmesenchymal hybrid transition emht characterized by snail upregulation with EC maintenance a tumor cell differentiation state in which CA cells keep both emt and met characteristics which may promote RT cell STDP and tumor progression
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adrenoceptors of various subtypes mediate the renal PET responses to alterations in efferent RNA the neural component and renal arterial plasma catecholamine concentrations the humoral component of the sympathoadrenergic NS under normal physiologic as well as hypertensive conditions the influence of the renal sympathetic SN predominates over that of circulating plasma CAs in most mammalian species increases in efferent RNA elicit renal vasoconstrictor responses mediated predominantly by renal V1 alpha adrenoceptors increases in RR mediated largely by renal juxtaglomerular granular cell beta adrenoceptors with involvement of renal vascular alpha ARs only when renal vasoconstriction occurs and direct increases in renal tubular sodium and water reabsorption mediated predominantly by renal tubular alpha adrenoceptors in most mammalian species alpha ARs do not play a significant role in the renal vascular or renin release responses to renal sympathoadrenergic stimulation although renal tubular alpha ARs do not mediate the increases in renal tubular sodium and water reabsorption produced by increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity they may be involved through their GABA effect on adenylate cysts in both escherichia coli k and salmonella typhimurium as demonstrated by F0 to the galk reporter gene ilvap is located in the distal coding sequence of ilvd the ilvap sequences are not identical for these two bacterial species transcription from ilvap of e coli k was demonstrated expression from ilvap responds to the availability of oxygen potential CAP IB sites exist adjacent to ilvap
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cytokines may have clinical utility as therapeutic agents for HIV-1 hiv infection and as an adjuvant for vaccines the effect of interleukin il and il on in vitro hiv replication was investigated il and il at doses up to ngml had little effect on basal hiv p antigen production by chronically hivinfected t ach and monocytic u cell lines for ach cells stimulated with PMA acetate pma ngml il and il significantly increased p antigen production by and respectively n in contrast il and il ngml treatment of pmastimulated u cells decreased p antigen production by and respectively n we next studied the effect of il and il on hivinfected IP blood mononuclear cells pbmcs in hivseropositive patients pbmcs cocultured with mitogenactivated hivseronegative donor cells two patterns of p antigen production were observed in response to il low p antigen production pgml n and high p antigen production pgml n response for the lowresponse DP il and il increased viral replication by fold and fold respectively p and respectively for the highresponse DP both il and il suppressed hiv replication the effect of il il and il on acute in vitro infection by hivjrcsf was also examined il did not increase p antigen production above basal levels while il and il significantly enhanced p antigen production by approximately fold in conclusion il and il may have differential effects on latent and acute hiv infection and their ability to enhance hiv production may depend on cell activation thus the use of these cytokines may be dictated by the clinical state of the patient
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cultivated arterial smooth muscle cells were used to T0 the effects of plateletderived growth factor pdgf on polyamine synthesis and of polyamine synthesis inhibitors on initiation of dna synthesis by pdgf quiescent serumstarved cells showed no detectable activity of ornithine decarboxylase odc the first and overall ratelimiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis and had low C2 of the PAs putrescine spermidine and Sp pdgf caused a marked increase in odc activity with a peak after h followed by a rapid decline the rise in enzyme activity was blocked by actinomycin d and cycloheximide suggesting control at the transcriptional and translational levels alphadifluoromethylornithine dfmo a catalytic and irreversible inhibitor of odc prevented the appearance of CEA the cellular content of putrescine increased distinctly in response to pdgf with a peak T3 h abolished by simultaneous treatment with dfmo in contrast the concentrations of SD and Sp changed but little within the h period examined here dfmo inhibited the initiation of dna synthesis without affecting the length of the prereplicative lag phase and was fully active if added within h T3 pdgf the effect of dfmo on dna synthesis was counteracted by addition of PAs to the culture medium and exogenous PAs were also found to stimulate dna synthesis in pdgffree medium Sp greater than spermidine greater than putrescine it is concluded that induction of odc and putrescine synthesis are integral parts in the mitogenic response of arterial smooth muscle cells to pdgf
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HAL opposes cardiotoxicity of neutralsugar digitalis EDC in IN animals presumably by depressing a sympathetic component of arrhythmogenesis however HAL also produces a doserelated reduction in arrhythmogenicity of ouabain in isolated canine PF suggesting that the anesthetic may oppose direct mechanisms of cardiotoxicity as well the present T0 examined in vivo and in vitro the effect of HAL on the arrhythmogenicity of asi betaoaminodideoxybetadgalactopyranosyl digitoxigen in hcl a highly polar aminocardenolide with no sympathetic component to cardiotoxicity for in vivo studies asi was infused at a rate of microgramkgmin until appearance of thirddegree atrioventricular av block or sustained VVI arrhythmias in conscious control and halothaneanesthetized endtidal dogs for in vitro studies standard microelectrode techniques were used to measure action potentials ap in seven excised canine purkinje SF superfused with oxygenated KH buffer ap were recorded during control superfusion after induction of toxicity with m asi and during exposure to and HAL purkinje fibers were paced at ms CLs cl for beats and the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarizations dad were recorded pacing at ms cl was used to trigger ectopy in vivo studies showed no difference in the cardiotoxic dose of asi between control dogs and those anesthetized with HAL however in of anesthetized dogs acutely increasing the inspired halothane concentration suppressed arrhythmias once endtidal concentration were abstract truncated at words
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the structure of benzoylatetrahydrohindolo ab carbazole a candidate molecule to possess significant antitumor or antimicrobial activity was elucidated using a combination of onedimensional and twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance nmr techniques its conformational properties were studied using a combination of 2DE noesy spectroscopy and molecular modeling such information will be of aid to synthetic chemists who aim to develop derivatives of this structure it may also provide information about the stereoelectronic requirements that govern their activities
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mesenchymal stromal cells msc obtained from αgalactosyltransferase gene knockout pigs transgenic for the human complementregulatory protein cd gtkocd pmsc suppress in vitro human antipig cellular responses as efficiently as allogeneic human msc we investigated the immunoregulatory effects of gtkocd pmsc on human cd and cd t cell proliferation in response to pig aortic EC cells paec pmsc efficiently suppressed t cell proliferation which was associated with downregulation of granzyme b expression no induction of cdcdfoxphi regulatory TA or t cell apoptosis was documented in correlation with t cell proliferation cd expression was upregulated on TA in response to paec but not to pmsc in contrast cd expression was upregulated on t cells in response to both pmsc and paec which was associated with a significant increase in the phosphorylation of stat gtkocd pmsc possibly regulate human t cell responses through modulation of cd expression and stat signaling
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multidrug resistant falciparum malaria is widespread in asia in thailand cambodia and vietnam the national protocols have changed largely to artesunate combined treatment regimens but elsewhere in east and south asia chloroquine cq and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine sp are still widely recommended by national malaria control programmes in kachin state RNA myanmar an area of low seasonal malaria transmission the efficacy of cq mg basekg and sp mgkg the nationally recommended treatments at the time were compared with mefloquine alone m mg basekg and MQ combined with artesunate ma mgkg an open randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria stratified prospectively into three agegroups early treatment failures etf occurred in of cq treated patients and in of patients treated with sp in young children the etf rates were after cq and T3 sp four children two cq two sp developed PS of CBF malaria within DAT by day failure rates uncorrected for reinfections had increased to for cq and for sp etf rates were T3 treatment with m and after treatment with ma p overall uncorrected treatment failure rates at day following m and ma were and respectively chloroquine and sp are CR ineffective for the treatment of falciparum malaria in northern myanmar mefloquine treatment is much more ERP but three day combination regimens with artesunate will be needed for optimum tau and protection against resistance
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FPD occurs in of people over the age of when about of the dopaminergic SN in the substantia nigra of the midbrain are lost dopaminergic SN appear to die by a process of apoptosis that is induced by oxidative AS ROS abstract hydrogen from dna forming dna radicals that lead to dna fragmentation activation of dna protective mechanisms nad SD and apoptosis oxygen radicals can be formed in dopaminergic SN by redox cycling of mpp the active metabolite of mptp this redox cycling mechanism involves the reduction of mpp by a number of enzymes especially flavin containing enzymes some of which are found in mitochondria tyrosine hydroxylase is present in all DA neurons and is responsible for the synthesis of dopamine however tyrosine hydroxylase can form oxygen radicals in a redox mechanism involving its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin dopamine may be oxidized by MAO-A to form ROS and dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde this aldehyde may be Ox by aldehyde dehydrogenase with the formation of oxygen radicals and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid the redox mechanisms of oxygen radical formation by mptp IMT hydroxylase MAO-A and aldehyde dehydrogenase will be discussed possible clinical applications of these mechanisms will be briefly presented
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in this study we used electron tomography as well as immunogold labeling to analyze the morphology and CSD of proteins within PSDs psds isolated from rats before birth embryonic day and at PN days and our data provide direct evidence of distinct morphological and compositional differences in psds throughout OD not all psd components are present at the early stages of OD with a near lack of the scaffolding molecule psd at e and p the presence of nr and nrb suggests that psd is not directly required for clustering of nmethyldaspartic acid nmda receptors in psds early in development αactinin is abundant by e suggesting that it is a core structural component of the psd both α and β isoforms of cacalmodulindependent protein kinase ii camkii are present early on but then rise in labeling density by approximately fourfold by p among all the molecules studied only calmodulin cam was found in higher abundance early in psd development and then fell in amount over time spatial analysis of the immunogold label shows a nonrandom distribution for all the proteins studied lending support to the idea that the psd is systematically assembled in an organized fashion morphological data from electron tomography shows that the psd undergoes L1 structural changes throughout OD
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sulfated polysaccharides isolated from codium fragile have been previously demonstrated to possess immunestimulating effects on murine cell lines and the fraction f f isolated by ion exchange chromatography was the most ERP in this T0 the effects of the fraction f were evaluated on the expressions of immune genes including ilβ tnfα il ifnγ and lysozyme in vitro and in vivo as well as lysozyme and complement MICs in SS of olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus in vitro these gene expressions were upregulated by f in HK cells in vivo ilβ and il gene expressions were upregulated in peritoneal cells head kidney liver gill and SP while tnfα ifnγ and lysozyme gene expressions were mostly upregulated but varied depending on tissue types or time points indeed lysozyme and complement activities in serum were increased overall these results indicate that the SPs from c fragile have immunostimulatory effects on olive flounder and may be used to enhance immunity during aquaculture
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rb distal convoluted tubules dct microdissected from collagenasetreated kidneys were observed to contain up to four portions of a different appearance under stereomicroscopic examination a dcta portion generally very short located RA after the MD md and resembling the portion of the limb cal located before the md a constant bright portion dctb a constant granular dctg portion which in most dct is connected to a portion of the collecting tubule of a similar granular appearance cctg many dct having contacts with the kidney capsule in the SF cortex were observed to contain an additional portion of a CS appearance dctl resembling the portion of the collecting tubule cctl to which these superficial dct are always branched the HD adenylate cyclase ac contained in these different portions was investigated by sectioning microdissected distal structures into successive samples according to the abovementioned criteria and by measuring with the help of a previously described micromethod the CEA contained in each single sample under one of the following conditions control parathyroid hormone pth l uml vasopressin avp m isoproterenol m fluoride x m highly significant and reproducible ac stimulations by these hormones were obtained for the following portions respectively dcta dctg and cctg with pth dctl and cctl with avp dctg cctg and cctl with isoproterenol from these data it is concluded that a the distal convoluted tubule can no longer be regarded as a single welldefined functional structure b dcta is actually a short cal portion extending beyond md c dctg and cctg are two portions of a same functional segment d similarly dctl belongs to the PET segment mainly constituted by cctl and finally e dctb is the only PET segment which is entirely located in the distal convoluted tubule ie included between the MD and the first branching with another tubule
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in order to improve the determination of the causative agent in ARN we evaluated the detection of intraocular antibody production to herpesviruses in patients with this disease intraocular antibody production was determined by calculation of the goldmannwitmer coefficient whereby specific antibody titers in the inflamed eye and circulation are related to the total igg content in ocular fluid and SS specific antibody titers to herpesviruses and toxoplasma were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique thirtyfive patients with ocular toxoplasmosis cataract or proliferative vitreoretinal disorders were tested as controls by this technique intraocular antibody production to varicella zoster virus or herpes simplex virus could be established in of the patients with the typical clinical features of acute retinal CN compared to none of the controls of the affected eyes had a visual outcome of less than we concluded that detection of intraocular antibody production to herpesviruses may be a useful diagnostic tool in establishing the causative agents in acute retinal CN
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the lipogenic capacity and thermogenic activity assessed by gdp binding to mitochondrial of brown AT was studied in lean fafa and obese fafa suckling zucker rat pups and days old by days of age fat deposition lipogenesis in vivo and HFA synthetase activity were to fold higher whereas gdp binding to mitochondria was lower in pre obese than in lean pups compared with lean pups day old fafa pups showed a increase in triglyceride accumulation in interscapular brown AT and a decrease in gdp IB to mitochondria while no NC occurred in fatty acid synthetase activity these results strongly suggest that an impaired thermogenic activity in the brown AT of fafa pups could play a key role in the OD of obesity however the concomitant increase in fat content in the brown adipose tissue of day old preobese pups raises the question of the causal relationship between these two disorders
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the transition of the bacterial community structure and predominant bacteria in the ceca of chicks from hatching to wk of age was investigated using denaturing gradient gel PACE with the s ribosomal rna gene followed by phylogenetic analysis the results demonstrated that most of the cecal bacterial flora from hatching to a few days old consisted of escherichia coli CS similarity and the floral diversity was still low wk posthatch these findings will help contribute to the OD of a novel competitive exclusion product
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a family of iron complexes with the GA formula feiirrpytacnxn is described where rrpytacn is the tetradentate ligand rrpyridylmethyldimethyltriazacyclononane r refers to the group at the αposition of the pyridine r corresponds to the group at the γposition and x denotes chcn or cfso herein we study the influence of the pyridine substituents r and r on the electronic properties of the coordinated iron center by a combination of structural and spectroscopic characterization using xray diffraction h nmr and uvvis spectroscopies and magnetic susceptibility measurements the electronic properties of the substituent in the γposition of the pyridine ring r modulate the strength of the ligand field as shown by magnetic susceptibility measurements in cdcn solution which provide a direct indication of the population of the magnetically AS HS s ferrous state indeed a series of complexes feiihrpytacncdcn exist as mixtures of highspin s and LS s complexes and their ERP magnetic moment directly correlates with the electronreleasing ability of r on the other hand the substitution of the hydrogen atom in the αposition of the pyridine by a methyl chlorine or fluorinethe study MI included enhanced communitybased voluntary counseling and testing the primary endpoint was hiv incidence assessed in a single crosssectional postintervention survey of participants
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OP is a serious skeletal disease causing an increase in morbidity and mortality through its association with agerelated fractures although most effort in fracture prevention has been directed at retarding the rate of agerelated bone loss and reducing the frequency and severity of trauma among elderly people evidence is growing that peak bone mass is an important contributor to bone strength during later life indeed there has been a large emphasis on the prevention of OP through the optimization of PBM during childhood and adolescence the prepubertal human skeleton is sensitive to the mechanical stimulation elicited by exercise and there is increasing evidence that regular WB exercise is an ERP strategy for enhancing bone mineral throughout growth PCS activity or participation in sports needs to start at prepubertal ages and be maintained through pubertal development to obtain the maximal peak BMC achievable high strain eliciting sports like gymnastics or participation in sports or weight bearing PCS activity like soccer are strongly recommended to increase peak bone mass many other factors also influence the accumulation of bone mineral during childhood and adolescence including heredity gender diet and endocrine status however this review article will focus solely on the effects of physical activity and exercise providing a summary of current knowledge on the interplay between activity exercise and bone mass OD during growth due to the selection bias and other confounding AF inherent in crosssectional studies longitudinal and intervention studies only will be reviewed for they provide a greater opportunity to examine the influence of mechanical loading on bone mineral accretion over time key pointsprepubertal childrens ability to thermoregulate when exposed to hot and humid environments is deficient compared to adultsresearch into the severity of heatrelated illness in prepubertal children is inconclusivediscretion should be used in applying findings from indoor studies to outdoor MICs due to the influence of the velocity of circulating air on thermoregulation
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in conventional immunoelectron microscopy iem very small colloidal gold particles nm or the gold compound nanogold nm are silverenhanced for easy detection however silver enhancement has drawbacks first the silver SL is dissolved during fixation with osmium tetroxide even if the concentration and incubation time are strongly reduced during preembedding labeling experiments in TEM tem and SEM microscopic sem studies second after exposure to the electron beam the silver layer may migrate on the section or the whole particles may disappear sometimes silver migration can be observed even without irradiation this effect strongly hampers reinvestigation of previously inspected areas T3 some time of storage in both cases gold chloride treatment T3 silver enhancement is sufficient to CR protect the silverenhanced nm gold markers gold chloride treatment is part of the socalled gold toning procedure which is a method used to substitute andor cover the silver by a SL of gold it can be applied in tem and sem experiments as a serious drawback gold chloride treatment slightly reduces the size of both unenhanced and silverenhanced gold particles and can lead to disintegrated silvergold particles therefore this technique is useful for preembedding iem onresinsection and ultrathin cryosection labeling experiments however it appears to be unsuitable for doublelabeling studies using different gold sizes for quantitation experiments and in sem
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bisphosphonates are the first line therapy to prevent OP fractures in daily practice however their preventive effect for fracture is not always satisfactory in particular more effective therapeutic tools are needed for patients who report osteoporotic fractures during treatment with BPs to this end treatment with parathyroid hormone has demonstrated potent bone anabolic effects and tau to prevent fractures and physicians in japan are looking forward to government approval to its clinical application however since due to its characteristics such as daily i.t. and expensive costs parathyroid hormone is not the best candidate as the first L1 therapy for OP we need to investigate how to use parathyroid hormone in combination with other drugs for OP such as bisphosphonates
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we assessed the ability of magnetic resonance a recently introduced imaging technique to demonstrate the maternal anatomy in obstetrics the signal intensity of different maternal tissues using t and t weighted sequences was examined the bony pelvis is depicted with sufficient clarity to provide an alternative to conventional xray pelvimetry the placenta and cervix have a distinctive appearance facilitating the diagnosis of placenta praevia the unique demonstration of cervical morphology will offer the potential for investigation into the illunderstood conditions of C2 dystocia and cervical incompetence
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the AEP brainstem middlelatency and late responses a class of eventrelated potentials erps are of considerable interest in neuroscience research as robust neural correlates of different processing stages along the auditory pathway while most research to date centers around one of the responses at a time for practical reasons recent efforts indicate a paradigm shift towards acquiring them together enabling the simultaneous monitoring of all AEP processing stages from the brainstem to the SC in this paper we introduce a compact representation for this AEP fullrange response afrr as an erp map with adaptive sampling rate making it suitable for computationally inexpencive image filtering furthermore we propose a novel algorithm for the fast denoising of such erp maps based on the radon transform and its inversion by filtered backprojection its performance is compared qualitatively to a gaussian means filter using a realworld chirpevoked afrr recording the algorithm exhibits good noise suppression as well as high preservance of the singleresponse structure making it a promising denoising tool for future erp studies
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immunoassays rely on the molecular recognition properties possessed by antibodies to measure substances defined by a particular structure they can therefore be defined as structurally TPS as distinct from functionally TPS assays eg bioassays which compare the biological effects of substances which are functionally similar but which may differ in molecular structure within the broad class of immunoassays two subclasses may be distinguished differing in their design these may be described as competitive and noncompetitive respectively reflecting their dependence on the use of optimal concentrations of antibody which are either very small or very large it is demonstrable that noncompetitive assays are those relying on measurement of occupied antibody IB sites following reaction with analyte conversely competitive assays rely on measurement of unoccupied sites in certain assay designs it may be shown that fractional antibody IB site occupancy is independent of a antibody concentration and b sample volume such assays may be termed ambient analyte immunoassays this concept has been exploited in the OD of free hormone and drug assays and currently underlines the development of salivary dipstick assays in the authors department the concept is also being exploited in the development of multianalyte immunoassay systems enabling the simultaneous measurement of tens or even hundreds of substances simultaneously in the same small sample these systems depend on measurement of fractional antibody occupancy using two different labels one labeling the sensing antibody the second labeling a developing antibody selected to react either with occupied or unoccupied CS on the sensing antibody the ratio of signals emitted by the two labeled antibodies reveals the analyte concentration to which the sensing antibody has been exposed an array of sensing antibodies each labeled with the same FL label is scanned by a laser and the fluorescent signal ratio emitted from each discrete antibody couplet in the array measured multianalyte immunoassay systems of this kind are likely to totally transform medical diagnosis in the foreseeable future and are also likely to be of value in the analysis of complex protein mixtures deriving from recombinant dna technologies
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the purpose of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate whether the combination of surgery and radiation therapy in patients with aggressive fibromatosis influences the therapeutic outcome
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