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this T0 was designed to specifically characterize the autonomic phenotype of cardiorespiratory dysregulation during the nighttime in young girls with mecp mutationconfirmed rett syndrome rs studied in their home environment computerized breathtobreath and beattobeat characterization of athome continuously recorded respiratory inductance plethysmography of chestabdomen and ecg vivometrics inc was obtained during overnight recordings in girls with mecp mutationconfirmed rs and age gender and ethnicitymatched screened controls ages years we determined that although the breathing and heart rate appear more regular during the night compared to the day young girls with rs demonstrate apparent nocturnal irregularities comparing daytime versus nighttime breathing was more irregular with an increased PLB frequency and irregularity mean amplitude of respiratory inductance plethysmography sum ampti and heart rate and decreased amp in girls with rs comparing girls with rs versus controls during nighttime recording PLB was more irregular with an increased breathing frequency and irregularity mean ampti and HR rate an increased uncoupling between measures of breathing and HR rate control indicates malregulation in the ANS and is apparent during the day as well as the night this uncoupling may represent a mechanism that renders the girls with rs more vulnerable to sudden death
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there are two problems in biological treatment of coking wastewater cww incapability of preanaerobic treatment to eliminate the toxicity in wastewater and the lack of carbon source for subsequent denitrification in preaerobic treatment to achieve simultaneous decarburization nitrification and denitrification sdcnd in cww treatment biological carrier materials was used to build an integrated fluidizedbed reactor reactor b rb a conventional FBR reactor a ra was used as a control reactor under the same condition the results showed that rb was more advantageous since its removal efficiencies of cod and tn were and respectively which were significantly higher than these in ra and at a hydraulic retention time hrt of h microelectrode measurement indicated that oxygen transfer was limited inside the carrier where the formation of a dissolved oxygen do concentration gradient was observed microbial community analysis showed that the aerobic and anoxic microenvironments in rb promoted the coexistence of a wider variety of bacteria thus achieving sdcnd these results indicated the integrated fluidizedbed reactor exhibited promising feasibility for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in cww treatment under the same aeration driven conditions the sdcnd process realized by FBR provided a REF for the treatment of toxic industrial wastewater with high C/N ratio
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the nudix family member enzyme mutt homologue mth hydrolyses the Ox nucleotides oxodgtp and hydroxydatp and thus prevents the incorporation of damaged nucleotides into nuclear and mitochondrial dna therefore mth was proposed to protect cancer cells from oxidative dna lesions and subsequent cell death we investigated whether the bona fide mth inhibitor th affects responses of cultured colorectal RT cells to ionizing radiation ir in normoxia and in moderate or severe hypoxia
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in the present T0 i examined how the temporal and spatial relationship between two visual targets t and t affects the recall of both targets when they are embedded in rapidly displayed distractors presented on a trial were two synchronized streams of characters one to the left and the other to the right of the fixation independent of their spatial relationship a ushaped curve described the recall of the T2 t as a CF of SOA soa between t and t it indicated the presence of the attentional blink with a t deficit sparing up to about to msec soa however t deficit was greater at short soas up to about msec when t and t occurred at different locations than when they occurred at a common location when soa was short msec or so recall of t was impaired when t and t occurred at a common location but not when they were at different locations the present findings can be reconciled with existing models eg the interference model and the twostage MM by distinguishing automatic and controlled attention gating processes at the transfer of perceptual representations to a more durable storage eg visual shortterm memory
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this article reviews the possibility of the use of paracetamol perfalgane as an analgesic component of medical sedation the actuality of the problem is the choice effective pharmacological means of protection from perioperative pain the theoretical advantages of paracetamol in the scheme of sedoanalgesia are exquisite we describe a personal experience of tau assessment and safety of PAR as an analgesic component of the methodology of drug sedation for bronchoscopy in the early postoperative period we compare analgesia by the means of paracetamol mg iv and tramadol mg iv the sedative agent in both groups was midazolam it turned out that despite the high efficacy of tramadol as a component of sedoanalgesia the quality of anialgesia when using perfalagane is almost times higher both due to the significant number of good results and to reduced number of adverse events use of PAR perfalgane instead of tramadol for medical sedation during fibrotracheoscopy in patients in the early postoperative period leads to better SQ of analgesia thus avoiding such undesirable phenomena as hypersedation respiratory depression dizziness and nausea
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we reviewed the records of patients with CA of the floor of the mouth who were treated during a year period to assess the results of an aggressive regional surgical approach the primary RT was excised with a cm margin of T/N a marginal or segmental mandibulectomy was performed in of patients an ipsilateral RND was performed in of patients CL suprahyoid dissection was combined with ipsilateral radical neck dissection in patients bilateral RND was performed in patients in the to year followup period localregional control was achieved in of stage i patients of stage ii patients of stage iii patients and of stage iv patients determinant year survival rates were t t t and t
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xrcc a protein directly involved in the repair of dna base damage contains at least three common polymorphisms one of these the codon arggln variant has been associated with several cancerrelated biomarkers suggesting it may have functional significance in exposureinduced cancers however results from casecontrol studies have yielded conflicting results we investigated the xrcc arggln polymorphism and its interaction with carcinogen SE in a large populationbased casecontrol study of nonmelanoma skin cancer cases were derived from an incident survey of all newly diagnosed nonmelanoma skin CA in new hampshire and controls were population based and frequency matched to cases on age and sex n SE information was derived from a detailed intervieweradministered questionnaire and xrcc genotype was determined from bloodderived dna using a pcrrflp method overall the xrcc homozygous variant glngln TT was related to a significantly reduced risk of both basal cell bcc odds ratio or confidence interval and squamous cell carcinoma scc or confidence interval there was no significant geneenvironment interaction of the variant xrcc TT and a history of therapeutic xray SE however there was a statistically significant multiplicative interaction of xrcc TT and lifetime number of sunburns in scc likelihood ratio test df p although the absolute risk of scc associated with sunburns was similar across genotypes the or of scc associated with painful sunburn history was significantly higher for homozygous SCV than wild types or for glngln and for argarg in summary our data show that the homozygous xrcc variant glngln is associated with a lower risk of nonmelanoma skin CA and suggest that the etiology of sunburnrelated scc may be significantly different by xrcc genotype these data using the classic skin carcinogenesis model provide new insight on the role of the xrcc polymorphism in neoplasia and may help explain the conflicting results relating this polymorphism to CA risk at various CS
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hepatocyte hyperplastic nodules induced in the CL by initiation with diethylnitrosamine and selected by dietary acetylaminofluorene plus partial hepatectomy resistant hepatocyte model have a special pattern of PSA SMB and metabolic activity different than that seen acutely with many xenobiotics including many promoting agents and carcinogens the nodule cells show a very low uptake of acetylaminofluorene relative to surrounding and NL low C2 of activity in the cytochromes p and Ah hydroxylase high C2 of activity in gammaglutamyltransferase microsomal epoxide hydrolase soluble glutathionestransferase and soluble udpglucuronyltransferase udpgt and elevated levels of glutathione this metabolic pattern appears to maximize the resistance of the nodules to xenobiotics generally such as acetylaminofluorene and thereby may account for the resistant behavior of nodule hepatocytes to the inhibition of cell proliferation and thes found in six patients with stageiii b nodular sclerosis subtype thus exceeding the average amount of precipitable protein in HCs by a factor of the EA sedimentation rate in patients correlated with the amount of precipitable protein r additionally partial component analysis of the precipitates was carried out by laser nephelometry immunoglobulins and complement components were identified as being major components of the precipitated material in sera both from patients and healthy controls thus confirming the probability of the immune complex nature of the precipitates significant differences between patients and healthy controls concerned the amount of precipitable components elevation of precipitable igm was found to be the most sensitive parameter above means sd of normal controls p less than increased amounts of precipitable igg c and clq were found in of patients sera elevation of precipitable iga and cc were identified less often the results suggest the quantification of precipitable immune complexes and their components to be of value as adjuncts in determining SLEDAI in HD disease
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in order to compare the reliability of hepatobiliary scintigraphy using disida dhs and ultrasonography us in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice consecutive patients clinically suspected for one were examined with both methods sixteen patients who were definitively shown to have one were all correctly detected with dhs us was positive in cases revealing the cause of the one in four cases the site of one was predicted in eight cases by dhs and in cases by us associated GB diseases were evaluated better by us than by dhs but a perforation was only demonstrated clearly by dhs in the patients with nonobstructive disease the false positive results were found in one case using dhs and in two cases using us in this series of patients dhs and us showed high sensitivity and specificity which were further increased when the two techniques were combined
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dietary combination of high salt with low potassium hslk exacerbates hypertension development in dahl saltsensitive s rats and produces a mild degree of hypertension in otherwise saltresistant r rats increased blood pressure in both strains is associated with increased urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium the objective of this study was to determine the effect of blood pressure on body balance of these ions in dahl rats on hslk diet two groups of s and two CG of r weanlings were all placed on hslk diet nacl k for eight weeks one group of each CS was subjected to chemical sympathectomy with hydroxydopamine ohda to counteract hypertension development UNE was used to determine efficacy of ohda treatment systolic blood pressures of conscious animals were measured daily throughout the study the last three days on the diet were used to determine total dietary NI and urinary as well as fecal excretion of sodium calcium and magnesium at the end of the study ECF volume SA and parathyroid hormone were analyzed final systolic BPs in the groups were as follows s mmhg n r mmhg n ohda s mm hg n ohda r mm hg chemical sympathectomy decreased blood pressure in both s and r rats there was no indication of sodium accumulation in s rats associated with reduced parathyroid hormone levels the s CS had significantly less positive balance for calcium than the r CS primarily due to increased urinary excretion a less positive balance for magnesium was also observed due mainly to relatively reduced intestinal absorption of the ion we conclude that the hslk diet is associated with inappropriate activation of the sympathetic nervous system and increased arterial pressure in both strains in addition since divalent cations may influence blood pressure we suggest that the observed CA in calcium and magnesium metabolism might independently promote hypertension development in the s CS
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a theoretical MM of the composition of the inorganic carbon pool generated in c leaves during steadystate photosynthesis was derived this MM gives the concentrations of co and o in the bundle sheath cells for any given net photosynthesis rate and inorganic carbon pool size the MM predicts a BS co concentration of micromolar during steady state photosynthesis in a typical c plant and that about of the inorganic carbon generated in bundle sheath cells would leak back to the mesophyll cells predominantly as co under these circumstances the flux of carbon through the c acid cycle would have to exceed the net rate of co assimilation by with the calculated o concentration of millimolar the potential photorespiratory co loss in BSC would be about of co assimilation among the AF having a critical influence on the above values are the permeability of BS chloroplasts to hco the activity of carbonic anhydrase within these chloroplasts the assumed stromal volume and the permeability coefficients for co and o DWI across the interface between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells the MM suggests that as the net photosynthesis rate changes in c plants the level and CSD of the components of the inorganic carbon pool change in such a way that c acid overcycling is maintained in an approximately constant ratio with respect to the net photosynthesis rate
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a midbrain nucleus of the AEP system the inferior colliculus was used as a MM for analyzing spatial correlations or coupling among capillary density tissue glucose metabolism and several measures of microvascular function in the rat the capillary bed of the IC was examined with stereological techniques and physiological measures were obtained with radioactive tracers quantitative ARG and image processing within the colliculus capillary density volume fraction length and SA were highest in the CE nucleus where the packing densities of neuropil and perikarya are greatest rates of glucose metabolism and blood flow correlated closely with capillary density in a x matrix of collicular subregions in the sagittal and coronal planes the strength of this correlation suggests that estimates of capillary density can be made from measurements of tissue glucose metabolism within this structure under normal conditions microvascular blood volume and transcapillary flux of a neutral amino acid AIB were homogeneous throughout the colliculus the studies demonstrate quantitatively in a single brain nucleus a close correspondence between cytoarchitecture richness of the capillary bed and complexity of neural activity inferred from local measures of glucose metabolism and blood flow such relationships were suggested by craigie years ago
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a history of studies on altered states of consciousness is described and divided into five main periods contemporary descriptive and psychophysiological research are reviewed
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penile amputation is an uncommon condition for which immediate surgical replantation is warranted this work aimed to represent intervention and management for an amputated penis by replantation and reconstruction a yearold man presented with traumatic penile amputation for h where the penile PT part was cm far from the pubis replantation included endtoend anastomosis of the urethral mucosa over a catheter approximation of the corpus cavernosum and tunica albuginea anastomosis of the deep dorsal vein dorsal nerve both dorsal arteries and SF dorsal vein at day postoperatively the replanted penis had preserved capillary filling the catheter was removed at day where the patient urinated smoothly the preliminary cosmetic appearance was satisfactory with frequent morning erection reported night emission twice within the first month postoperatively sensation was preserved in the distal anastomosed stump it is concluded that meticulous microsurgical technique decreases the possibility of skin loss and increases the chance of erectile CF
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the role exerted by the endogenous opioid system on thermoregulation has been studied in six postmenopausal women affected by parkinsons disease and in agematched normal PM women as controls the women randomly received an infusion of the opioid antagonist naloxone mgh for h or of saline on two consecutive days body temperature as evaluated by rectal temperature was significantly lower p less than in parkinsonian than in NW and it did not vary during saline infusion in either CG naloxone infusion significantly reduced p less than body temperature in normal postmenopausal women but it was unable to modify body temperature in women affected by parkinsons disease the low basal body temperature values and the inability of naloxone to exert a hypothermic effect in women suffering from FPD seem to constitute further evidence for an impaired regulation of body temperature and impaired activity of the endogenous opioid system in this pathology
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alveolyn is a unique sec glycoprotein of molecular weight mw that is found in distal pulmonary secretions several glycoproteins of mw mw mw and mw have also been found to be present in the alveolar secretions and it was found that these glycoproteins were proteolytic fragments of the much larger molecular glycoprotein it is also a major protein in human amniotic fluid presumably a product of AM secretions it is also secreted by a clone of pulmonary fetal ATII preliminary results indicate that two of the proteolytic fragments of mw and mw contain alternate collagenous and noncollagenous domains in the same polypeptide chain the presence of collagenous domains in these glycoproteins was also confirmed by their susceptibility to digestion with collagenase and the presence of glyprohypglytype sequence in the peptide chain very little is known about the tertiary structure of the protein except that its fragments bind phospholipids and probably facilitate transfer of the lipid to airwater interfaces
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a sevengeneration pedigree of apparent xlinked nonspecific mental relinical T0 of mebendazole a new broadspectrum anthelmintic patients with light to severe infections of trichuris trichiura were treated ten subjects received placebos and received mg mebendazole twice a day for three and four days the drug was well tolerated by the patients and no toxic SE were observed egg count comparisons using the mcmaster method on feces collected before and one month after treatment indicated a cure rate for trichuriasis of and and a total egg reduction of and for three and fourday regimens respectively patients not cleared showed an egg reduction rate of and on the three and fourday regimens respectively
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sevoflurane anesthesia is usually performed with fresh gas flow rates greater than lmin due to the toxicity of compound a in rats and limited clinical experience with sevoflurane in lowflow systems however to reduce costs it would be useful to identify ways to reduce compound a concentrations in lowflow sevoflurane anesthesia this goal of this study was to determine if compound a concentrations can be reduced by using soda lime with water added
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studies of marine viromes viral metagenomes have revealed that dna viruses are highly diverse and exhibit biogeographic patterns however little is known about the diversity of rna viruses which are mostly composed of eukaryotic viruses and their biogeographic patterns in the oceans a growth in global commerce and maritime traffic may accelerate spread of diverse and noncosmoe leading cause of primary PP haemorrhage is uterine atony and active management of the third stage of labour with oxytocin is recommended for preventing primary PP haemorrhage parenteral oxytocin is also the drug of choice for medical management of postpartum haemorrhage AA to uterine atony condom uterine balloon tamponade is a low cost technique that can be used as a secondline option for treatment we report retrospectively three cases of primary pph AA to uterine atony which were managed successfully with condom tamponade condom tamponade is ERP in managing post partum haemorrhage secondary to uterine atony and we advocate for the training of all skilled attendants on how to insert the condom tamponade
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the purpose of this T0 was to evaluate the tau and safety of RF rf CA of common atrial flutter and to determine the optimum target CS in a large series of patients three different approaches were used to target the ablation site the first used a combined anatomic and electrophysiologic RPA whereas the second and the third approaches relied primarily on anatomic guidelines to target the critical area in the atrial flutter reentrant circuit located in the low RA atrium
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ninetyseven specimens of sympatric monkeys and apes from east malaysia and monkeys and apes from west africa are examined in order to evaluate the magnitude and nature of the great apemonkey linear enamel hypoplasia leh dichotomy this study demonstrates that great apes from both regions have a higher incidence of leh and repetitive leh than do gibbons and monkeys however the authors find that the dichotomy is not as clearcut as previous research suggests since some monkey samples exhibit high leh frequencies the authors evaluate the potential influence of great apemonkey differences in crown height on this dichotomy they show that canine crown height R2 is weakly associated with leh R2 differences between monkeys and great apes in their crown formation spans and in their experience of environmental stress may be more likely causes of the dichotomy
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the lateral mobility of Py pyrene decanoic acid and palmitoylpyrene decanoylphosphatidyl choline Py lecithin in lipid bilayers is determined by the excimer formation technique this method is applied to vesicles of lecithins differing in chain length and in the degree of saturation of the hydrocarbon chains these values are compared with results in cephalins of different chain length and in dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid at VL ph the influence of cholesterol is investigated the results are analyzed in terms of the montroll MM of 2DE random walk the jump frequency of the probe molecule within the lipid lattice is obtained the advantage of this measure of transport in lipid layers is that it does not involve lipid lattice parameters the main results of the present work are i the lateral mobility of a given solute molecule in lamellae of saturated lecithins is independent of hydrocarbon chain length and rather a universal function of temperature ii in unsaturated dioleyl lecithin the amphiphatic molecules have lateral mobilities of the same size as in saturated lipids the jump frequency of Py however is by a factor of two larger in the unsaturated lecithin iii the jump frequencies in phosphatidyl ethanolamines are about equal to those in lecithins iv in phosphatidic acid layers the hopping frequencies depend on the charges of the head CG of both the lipids and the probes v cholesterol strongly reduces the jump frequency in fluid layers vi the lateral mobility in biological membranes is comparable to that in artificial lipid bilayers the experimental results are discussed in terms of the free volume MM of DWI in fluids good agreement with the predictions made from this MM is found a striking result is the observation of a tilt in dioleyllecithin bilayer membranes from the hopping frequencies of pyrene and Py lecithin a tilt angle of phi degrees is estimated
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snap levels were measured in ventral hippocampus in subjects with unipolar depression n bipolar disorder n schizophrenia n and controls n using quantitative immunocytochemistry snap C2 were reduced significantly in SO of bipolar patients compared with controls p they were also reduced significantly in st oriens p vs schizophrenia in alveous p vs schizophrenia and in presubiculum p vs depressed snap levels were also reduced in several layers of schizophrenics only significantly so in st granulosum p vs controls in contrast depressed snap levels increased in st moleculare p vs schizophrenics and presubiculum p vs controls and bipolars p vs schizophrenics snap values were not affected by age sex race postmortem interval BB ph side of brain age of onset of disease family history of psychiatric disease drug or alcohol use antipsychotic drug treatment or mode of death the reported changes in snap levels appear to be disease specific separating synaptic pathology in UP depression from that observed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders
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in addition to playing a key role in the response to environmental changes cell walls are also considered as a valuable feedstock for cellulosic ethanol here we explored the effects of the stressresponse hormones salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on cell wall biosynthesis and biomass digestibility in brachypodium distachyon a species recently considered as a suitable MM for biomass conversion we found that in response to salicylic acid or methyl JA treatment plant growth was reduced coupled with significant changes in cell wall composition cellulose content increased in response to methyl JA whereas a reduction in lignin content was found T3 salicylic acid application moreover hemicellulose composition was altered and increases in caffeic acid ferulic acid and pcoumaric acid content were detected in response to both treatments the hormonal profile anpathogenic pathways specific for adenomyosis a pubmed search up to october summarizes the key mediators of pain abnormal uterine one and infertility in adenomyosis including sex steroid hormone receptors inflammatory molecules EM enzymes growth factors and neuroangiogenic AF
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the incidence and type of reactions C2 of plain and adsorbed diphtheriatetanuspertussis vaccine were recorded in a blind controlled prospective T0 of vaccinations in infants receiving routine childhood immunization there was no significant difference in the total incidence or type of GA reactions after plain and adsorbed vaccine but local reactions were significantly less frequent after plain vaccine general reactions were recorded T3 of vaccinations with plain vaccine and after of vaccinations with adsorbed vaccine local reactions were reported in and of recipients respectively the most commonly reported systemic reactions were irritability and fever three recipients of plain vaccine and one of adsorbed vaccine suffered hyporesponsiveness or collapse one recipient of each vaccine suffered a convulsion no persisting sequelae were recorded
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suspected nephrocarcinogenic effects of trichloroethene tri in humans are attributed to metabolites derived from the GT gst pathway the influence of polymorphisms of gstm and gstt isoenzymes on the risk of RCC in subjects having been exposed to high C2 of tri over many years was investigated gstm and gstt genotypes were determined by internal standard controlled polymerase chain reaction fourtyfive cases with histologically verified RCC and a PH of longterm occupational SE to high concentrations of tri were studied a reference group consisted of workers from the same geographical region with similar histories of occupational exposures to tri but not suffering from any cancer among the renal cell cancer patients carried at least one functional gstm gene gstt and at least one PET gstt gene gstt among the reference workers were gstm and were gstt odds ratio for RCC were for gstm individuals ci p and for gstt individuals ci p respectively the data support the present concept of the nephrocarcinogenicity of tri
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twentyeight mature cats were exposed to carbon monoxide co gas for min using AV the SVR blood pressure bp A-V pressure vp blood flow of the left common carotid artery cf and blood gas were monitored the local blood flow lbf of the GP putamen or claustrum was measured by the hydrogen clearance method pallidal lesions were found histologically in cats the period of co inhalation and the time thereafter were divided into the following four stages in the animals with pallidal lesions stage initial phase with rapid increase in the cf and lbf and rapid decrease in the bp stage middle phase with slow decrease in the bp cf and lbf stage terminal phase with rapid decrease in the bp cf and lbf stage REC phase the changes in stage were not so prominent in the animals without pallidal lesions the lbf of the globus pallidus of the animals with lesions decreased to of the initial value at the terminal stage of co inhalation while it was in those without lesions the difference was statistically significant p less than the lbf of the putamen or claustrum in the animals with lesions in the globus pallidus was at this stage and it was significantly higher than that of the GP p less than other factors such as co inhalation time degree of acidosis and terminal cohb concentration did not correlate with the occurrence of the pallidal lesion
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pulmonary function tests in horses are in the early stages of development and there will be a limit in the range of tests available since those requiring patient cooperation cannot be conducted in animals some tests such as blood gas analysis aado and delta ppl measurements could presently be used to a greater extent under field conditions others that require expensive equipment and considerable technical assistance will be limited to the larger referral type veterinary clinics until the time is reached when there is adequate information to select those procedures that give a reasonable cost to benefit ratio to make their use more widespread
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to obtain the C1 amount of t cells required for AIT in a clinical setting tcell lifespan extension by human telomerase reverse transcriptase htert transduction is of particular interest however constitutive expression of htert is associated with malignant transformation and thus warrants a detailed evaluation of the safety of hterttransduced t cells before clinical application in view of this we performed an extensive cytogenetic analysis of hterttransduced mart melanoma antigen recognized by t cell and human papillomavirus type hpv especific human cd cytotoxic t lymphocytes ctls reactive against melanoma and CC respectively our results obtained by spectral karyotyping and array comparative genomic hybridization showed the OD of minor chromosomal aberrations in an hterttransduced martspecific ctl clone whereas severe clonal aberrations were detected in an hterttransduced hpv especific ctl clone furthermore htert transduction did not protect ctls from immunosenescence because the hpv especific hterttransduced ctl clone showed a decreased PET activity on prolonged SC although the general frequency of L1 chromosomal aberrations in hterttransduced ctls and the in vivo significance of our observations remain still unclear at this point the currently available data suggest that clinical application of hterttransduced ctls should proceed with caution
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postnatal handling alters hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal hpa responses to AS in the rat handling also increases HPC glucocorticoid receptor density and this effect appears to form in part at least the basis for the effect of handling on hpa responsiveness to AS in the present study we have used in situ hybridization techniques to examine the effect of postnatal handling on the expression of glucocorticoid and MCR mrnas in various cell fields of the dorsal hippocampus in AD rats grain counting analysis over individual cells showed that PN handling significantly increased glucocorticoid receptor mrna in all hippocampal cell fields in contrast handling had no effect on mineralocorticoid receptor mrna expression these findings are consistent with the results of receptor binding studies showing that handling increases hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor but not MRs receptor density thus the increase in glucocorticoid receptor binding in handled animals is likely associated with altered rates of receptor biosynthesis moreover the handling effect is quite specific altering glucocorticoid receptor but not mineralocorticoid receptor mrna expression the mechanisms whereby glucocorticoid receptor mRNA is permanently increased by postnatal handling remains to be determined
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neurological outcomes in neonatal hypoxicischemic encephalopathy hie continue to be suboptimal despite therapeutic HT th CBF nearinfrared spectroscopy provides realtime regional oxygen saturation crso
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particulate matters deposition on the leaves of s robusta were investigated during three different seasons in two tropical forests barjora forest situated adjacent to heavy pollution sources and the control ballavpur wildlife sanctuary west bengal india the purpose of this T0 is to measure the dust fall and foliar transfer of heavy metals viz pb cd cu cr fe ni zn and mn and antioxidant enzyme activities peroxidase catalase in s robusta including the measurement of heavy metals present in the suspended particulate matter in ambient air dust fall on leaves and the total metal accumulation capacity of the plant were the highest during winter season with metal accumulation index of based on twoway anova it has been shown that there is a statistically significant difference in dust fall between the two forests and in different seasons from cluster analysis correlation results and principal component analysis it was suggested that heavy metals in barjora may be due to the traffic emission and various industrial activities increased levels of peroxidase and catalase MICs and the presence of high C2 of reactive oxygen species in the leaves of the barjora forest was an indication of AS state in this forest on the basis of these findings controlling the emission of pollutants from industrial and vehicular MICs in that area is highly encouraged
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the purpose of this study was to evaluate how timedependent waterline flushing affects the presence of biofilm in otherwiseuntreated dental unit waterlines duwls water samples were obtained from twelve highspeed handpiece duwls located in the undergraduate treatment clinic at the university of missourikansas city school of dentistry baseline water samples cc were collected prior to the start of continuous flushing additional cc samples were collected T3 two three and fourminute flushing intervals from the baseline the C2 of planktonic bacteria in duwls were quantified by counting colony forming units cfus in addition segments of water tubing from each of the highspeed handpiece waterlines were examined by SEM microscopy which confirmed the presence of a residual biofilm in the lumen of each dental unit waterline a onefactor repeated measures anova showed a statistically significant p reduction in cfus at all intervals compared to baseline and between each successive time interval indeed T3 four minutes of continuous flushing all waterlines still harbored cfu levels that exceed current american dental association ada recommendations it was concluded that water flushing of duwls produced a statistically significant reduction in planktonic bacteria at each time interval compared to the baseline and between each successive time interval however the level of cfus T3 four T2 of continuous water flushing still exceeds the current ada recommendations for acceptable C2 of microorganisms
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although many patients with ovarian cancer achieve favorable responses to primary chemotherapy the majority of women will experience recurrence of their cancer selection of second or thirdline chemotherapy ultimately depends on patient preferences for different side effects to better understand this process we evaluated preferences and symptom distress in patients with ovarian cancer
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unilateral singleduct PND is associated with an increased risk for underlying breast malignancy there is no consensus whether color of nipple discharge independently indicates the risk of malignancy we sought to assess the relationship between the color of discharge and the risk of malignancy patients with unilateral singleduct PND without CA on clinical and radiologic examination were included prior to diagnostic microdochectomy nipple discharge characteristics were registered multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the relationship between color of nipple discharge and malignancy corrected for age during a mean followup period of years we determined complication rate and falsenegative rate of microdochectomy a total of patients were included median age years range histologic examination revealed in situ or invasive breast carcinoma in of patients and highrisk lesions in malignancy or highrisk lesions were found in or ci of patients with bloody discharge risk of underlying malignancy increased in patients years or ci complication rate of microdochectomy was singleduct unilateral nipple discharge is a sign of underlying malignancy in a substantial proportion of cases the majority of patients with unilateral singleduct PND diagnosed with breast CA present with bloody discharge however the association between bloody nipple discharge and malignancy is not strong enough to distinguish highrisk patients therefore invasive diagnostic procedures like microdochectomy should be offered to all patients with unilateral uniductal nipple discharge to search for underlying malignancy
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a rare case of rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon following a colles fracture is described the patient also had a ruptured flexor digitorum profundus to the index finger and compression of the median nerve of the same hand the ruptures were noted T3 four weeks of plaster immobilisation decompression of the median nerve and corrective osteotomy was performed but no tendon repair was attempted the patient regained good function of the hand
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on february the food and drug administration granted accelerated approval for the use of bevacizumab avastin in metastatic breast cancer based on subsequent PCTs this approval was revoked on november in this T0 we categorize and analyze the newspaper reports related to bevacizumabs use in ABC methods using the factiva media DB we reviewed all newspaper reports published in north america from january to january containing the words breast CA and avastin or bevacizumab articles were classified as preapproval january february approval february november or postapproval loss november january information regarding benefits side effects costs interviewees and article tone and theme were abstracted from each article by two independent reviewers differences among the three T0 phases were compared using the chi square analysis results a total of articles met study inclusion criteria the number of reports having a positive headline tone andor positive article tone declined with each T0 period the proportion of articles discussing side effects and financial costs increased whereas those discussing efficacy decreased with each study period drug representatives were most likely to be quoted in newspaper articles prior to bevacizumabs approval conclusion media reports are a common source of medical information for patients practitioners and policy makers we observed substantial fluidity of media reports over time
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splenic salvage following blunt injury can fail when PC bleeding is uncontrollable to define the usefulness of an ABC for hemostasis we used the SF-36 in a laboratory trial of partial splenic resection new zealand WG rabbits weighing to kg had sharp excision of the lower half of the SP no sutures were used to control hemorrhage from the cut splenic surface or the hilar vessels hemostasis was achieved with to seconds of electrocoagulation delivered by a beam of argon gas all animals survived the procedure and were in good health when killed between the fourth and sixth week following the procedure at necropsy the spleen was viable in all animals with no PA or hematoma minimal adhesions from the treated splenic surface to the omentum were found the scar at the cut surface was mm in depth and the histology of the remainder of the spleen was normal in this simulated splenic injury model argon beam coagulation was uniformly successful in achieving hemostasis minimal tissue destruction and lack of infection were noted the argon beam coagulator may be useful in patients with severe splenic injuries and other situations requiring partial splenectomy
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the kallikreinkinin system was characterized in seven patients with bartters syndrome on constant metabolic regimens before during and after treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors patients with bartters syndrome had high values for plasma BK plasma renin activity pra urinary kallikrein urinary immunoreactive prostaglandin e excretion and urinary aldosterone urinary kinins were subnormal and plasma prekallikrein was normal treatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen which decreased urinary immunoreactive prostaglandin e excretion by decreased mean pra patients recumbent from sem ngml per h to ngml per h mean plasma BK patients recumbent from ngml to ngml mean urinary kallikrein excretion from tosylargininemethyl ester units tuday to tuday but increased mean urinary kinin excretion from mugday to mugday plasma prekallikrein remained unchanged at tuml thus with prostaglandin synthetase inhibition values for urinary kallikrein and kinin and plasma BK returned to normal pari passu with changes in pra in aldosterone and in prostaglandin e the results suggest that in bartters syndrome prostaglandins mediate the low urinary kinins and the high plasma bradykinin and that urinary kallikrein which is aldosterone dependent does not control kinin excretion the high plasma BK may be a cause of the pressor hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin ii which characterizes the syndrome
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a yearold man with atrial fibrillation and previous left pneumonectomy was admitted with pleural effusion AC therapy was discontinued because of CT drainage six days later the patient experienced chest discomfort echocardiography showed a pedunculated thrombus with swaying motion in the left pulmonary artery pa stump CECT of the chest revealed filling defects in not only the left pa stump but also the RA pa implying CL pulmonary embolism anticoagulants were resumed and thrombolysis was successful days later patients undergoing pneumonectomy in whom ACT is discontinued should be recognized as being at high risk for pa stump thrombosis and subsequent contralateral pulmonary embolism
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it remains unclear whether smaller HV is a consistent feature of chronic posttraumatic AS disorder ptsd and whether it accounts for the associated memory deficits observed in this illness HV comparison regions and SM performance were examined in holocaust survivors with ptsd ptsd n men women and without ptsd ptsd n men women and a nonexposed control group of healthy jewish adults n men women the subjects had medical examinations highresolution magnetic resonance imaging and memory testing ptsd subjects had poorer memory performance than nonexposed subjects and ptsd subjects but they did not differ from either group in right or left hippocampal volume when gender and head size were taken into account older age and smaller left HV were more strongly associated in the ptsd group than in the ptsd CG holocaust survivors had larger superior temporal gyral and lateral temporal lobe volumes bilaterally than nonexposed subjects smaller HV is not invariably associated with chronic ptsd and does not explain the substantial explicit memory impairment observed in holocaust survivors with this disorder larger temporal lobe volumes may be associated with early traumatization and survival or may reflect some other characteristic of holocaust survivors
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in this T0 we compared the intensity and level of caudal blockade when two different volumes and concentrations of a fixed dose of BUP were used fifty children yr old undergoing unilateral orchidopexy received a caudal block with a fixed mgkg dose of bupivacaine immediately T3 the induction group n received mlkg of BUP whereas group n received mlkg of BUP EN and ml of sodium bicarbonate per ml of local anesthetic solution were added there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in their anesthesia surgery recovery and discharge times fifteen patients in group required an increase in inspired HAL concentration to block hemodynamic andor VE response during spermatic cord traction as compared with patients in group p in the recovery room four patients in group required rescue treatment with FE versus two in group p in children undergoing orchidopexy a caudal block with a larger volume of dilute bupivacaine is more effective than a smaller volume of the standard solution in blocking the peritoneal response during spermatic cord traction with no change in the SQ of postoperative analgesia
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early severe stress and maltreatment produces a cascade of neurobiological events that have the potential to cause enduring changes in BB development these changes occur on multiple C2 from neurohumoral especially the hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal hpa axis to structural and functional the L1 structural consequences of early AS include reduced size of the midportions of the CC and attenuated development of the left neocortex hippocampus and amygdala major functional consequences include increased electrical irritability in limbic structures and reduced functional activity of the cerebellar vermis there are also gender differences lobular carcinoma of the breast is a variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma that has poor prognosis the pleomorphic appearance of this variant hinders its correct ID and differentiation from ductal carcinoma the analysis of ecadherin glycoprotein expression is a powerful tool for distinguishing lobular from ductal carcinomas because CR loss of ecadherin expression occurs in most infiltrating lobular tumors and ILC in situ but not in ductal PT in the present T0 we have evaluated ecadherin expression by immunohistochemistry in a series of pleomorphic lobular breast carcinomas including cases with an in situ component CR loss of ecadherin expression was observed in all the cases in invasive and in situ components to understand better the mechanisms underlying ecadherin inactivation in this RT type the frequency of loss of heterozygosity at the EC gene locus q was analyzed all informative PT showed loss of heterozygosity thus implying a strong association between loss of ecadherin expression and loss of heterozygosity at q moreover loss of heterozygosity was detected in all in situ components analyzed these results imply that in terms of EC inactivation pleomorphic lobular tumors are identical to classic infiltrating lobular carcinomas and distinct from ductal PT and therefore they should be considered a variant of lobular carcinoma of the breast despite their aggressive behavior
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the biology of antibodysecreting cells is still a matter of controversial discussion one of the key questions is how the migration and lifespan of ASCs is linked to their generation a paper in this issue of the EU journal of immunology provides further information on the generation of LT mucosal immune responses however the study leaves many questions unanswered as discussed in this brief commentary
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this study was intended to provide an overview of the distribution of calciumbinding proteins in the rodent ABR we based our observations on immunohistochemical material obtained in the guinea pig a species widely used in AEP research in which a mapping of calciumbinding proteins in the AEP BS is still missing differences in the amounts of these proteins throughout the ABR were further analyzed semiquantitatively parvalbumin was present in most SN and their axon terminals throughout the ascending AEP brainstem nuclei that surround the main relay nuclei of the ascending AEP pathway lacked labeling calretinin IF was prominent in spherical and globular cells of the CN in their axon terminals in the SOC and in principal cells of the MSO measures of optical densities showed that AEP neurons involved in sound localization had the highest calretinin labeling C2 calbindin dk was present in cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in almost all neurons of the medial nucleus of the TB and in globular cells in the ventral nucleus of the LL the labeling patterns for calretinin and calbindin dk were nonoverlapping throughout the AEP brainstem this was also evident in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus where calbindin dkimmunoreactive terminals were found in the medial portion while the calretininimmunoreactive terminals were observed in the lateral portion this study presents the first direct and comprehensive comparison of these three calciumbinding proteins in the ABR of a rodent each antibody yields a unique IF pattern that provides a basis for further defining neuronal populations in addition since their axons are also selectively stained AEP nuclei can further be compartmentalized based on different terminal fields these immunoreactivities have provided clues to the complex structure of the auditorythylated nonrepetitive regions of the genome
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oh vitamin d is important for calcium homeostasis and cell differentiation the key enzyme for the activation of liverderived oh vitamin d is hydroxyvitamin d CYP17 it is expressed mainly in the kidney but also in IP tissues a bp fragment of the alphahydroxylase promoter was cloned into luciferase vectors pglbasic and pglbasic sequence analyses revealed four base exchanges and three base deletions compared with the published CS which were identically found in five control persons in silico promoter analyses revealed putative nuclear factor nfkappab CS of which were found to bind nfkappab in emsa experiments cotransfection of nfkappab p and p subunits resulted in dramatic reduction of the promoter activity of the FL construct as well as a series of deletion constructs deletion of the farmost situated nfkappabresponsive element almost abolished nfkappab responsiveness treatment of human embryonic kidney cells with sulfasalazine a nfkappab inhibitor resulted in enhanced alphahydroxylase mrna production downregulation of alphahydroxylase promoter through nfkappab signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammationassociated osteopeniaosteoporosis
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tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations performed by otolaryngologists some extraordinary complications of this surgery are massive bleeding taste perception disorders due to glossopharyngeal nerve damage hematoma of the mouth floor jugular vein thrombosis grisel syndrome cervical osteomyelitis NP stenosis pulmonary edema infection and lingual artery pseudoaneurysm in this clinical report an yearold girl presented with a posterior plica perforation after adenotonsillectomy performed week previously and this complication has led to velopharyngeal insufficiency this rare complication may result from traumatic damage or excessive cauterization of the posterior plica
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acetylcholinesterase in mussel is potentially a useful biomarker of SE to organophosphates op in the marine environment this T0 looked at ChE in subcellular fractions of various tissues from the common mussel mytilus edulis measurement of enzyme rates demonstrated that although highest specific activity was found in foot mitochondrial fraction REC of activity was very low gill microsomal fraction had the second highest TPS activity with a useful level of recovery and therefore was the most suitable tissue fraction for biomarker applications comparative studies of alternative alkylthiocholine substrates and competitive inhibitors suggest there is a single cholinesterase enzyme type present in this fraction inhibition of alkylcholine hydrolysis by bwc TPS to acetylcholinesterase in vertebrates showed that ChE in gill microsomal fraction is inhibited by this compound but to a lesser extent than in vertebrate ache inhibition of ChE by azamethiphos in gill microsomal fraction gave an ic of approximately microm and showed both time and concentration dependence however this indicates a lower potency compared to other animals and it is debatable whether mussel cholinesterase activity is useful as a biomarker of exposure in the field
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some authors have stated that nail pitting never occurs in reiters syndrome the case of a patient with incomplete reiters syndrome with nail pitting and hlaa b is presented patients who have both psoriasis and RS have demonstrated increased frequency of hlaa and b and markedly decreased frequency of hla loci associated with psoriasis the particular finding of nail pitting is presented to illustrate that this NC may occur in RS and may reflect a predisposition to the development of psoriasis or psoriasiform lesions conferred by hlaa with b as suggested by previously reported hla typing studies
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lymphatic vessels lvs play critical roles in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis and in pathological conditions including cancer metastasis although mutations in alk a member of the transforming growth factor tgfβbone morphogenetic protein bmp receptor family have been linked to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia a human AVD the roles of activin receptorlike kinase alk signals in lv formation largely remain to be elucidated we show that alk signals inhibit lv formation and lvs were enlarged in multiple organs in alkdepleted mice these inhibitory effects of alk signaling were mediated by bmp which decreased the number of cultured LECs bmpdeficient mouse embryos consistently exhibited enlarged dermal lvs bmp also inhibited lv formation during inflammation and tumorigenesis bmp downregulated the expression of the transcription factor prosperorelated homeobox which is necessary to maintain lymphatic endothelial cell identity furthermore silencing prosperorelated homeobox expression inhibited lymphatic EC cell proliferation our findings reveal a unique molecular basis for the physiological and pathological roles of bmpalk signals in lv formation
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sensory disturbances such as olfactory or visual dysfunctions are common in FPD pd a possible relationship between distorted colour discrimination and the nigrostriatal dopamine deficit is still a matter of debate we examined de novo PD patients with ibetacit single photon emission tomography spect we used a singlehead gammacamera and calculated the IB ratio striatumcerebellum specificnonspecific binding of ibetacit uptake on the same day we performed the farnsworthmunsell hue test fmt in these patients and estimated the TES in order to investigate abnormalities of colour vision PP TES was higher compared with an age and sexmatched control group p whereas disability scores of the hoehn and yahr scale p spearman r and the unified FPD rating scale p spearman r correlated with total error score no significant association appeared between TES spearman r p and ipcitspect ratio thus both total error scores of the fmt and betacitspect IB ratios have been found to reflect the severity of pd however only ibetacit spect reflects degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the basal ganglia but does not reflect alterations of the visual system andor extranigral lesions in pd from our results we speculate that fmt may be a valuable clinical method to measure extranigral lesions of the visual system in pd
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a retrospective analysis of patients subjected to RS and lyphadenectomy for microinvasive cervical cancer was carried out the mean age of the patients at diagnosis was years twentynine of the patients had depth of invasion of mm or less whereas of them had lymphovascular space invasion thus patients had microinvasive CC according to the sgo society of gynecologic oncology criteria while nine patients had minimal stromal invasion mm at diagnosis the remaining patients fulfilled the criteria of figo ia disease most of the patients had grade i disease with worsening of differentiation lymphovascular space involvement increases from approximately to none of the patients had N0 all patients are living with no evidence of disease with a mean survival of months current figo criteria for microinvasive carcinoma permits us to define a subset of patients that can safely be subjected to a more conservative approach
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one hundred seventyfour border leicester x merino ewes were mated to romney marsh rams the ewes were randomly allocated to either an UT control group or to one of four treatment CG the treated CG were defined by the time days postcoitus of acute prenatal androgen treatment apat the selected treatment times were and d postcoitus acute prenatal androgen treatment involved a single ml im i.t. of mgml testosterone propionate the statistical analysis of all measured parameters was performed using an analysis of variance via a GA linear MM postnatal plasma testosterone concentrations were not affected by treatment p the time of treatment affected the observed responses to apat p acute prenatal androgen treatment increased birth weight adg and live weight and altered wool growth PI levels and anogenital distance p
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L1 depression and ASP are two diagnoses often associated with ALC the relationship of these two diagnoses to the course of alcoholism and on the motivation for alcohol use was examined in a sample of persons receiving inpatient treatment for alcoholism L1 depression did not alter the course of alcoholism in either men or women however patients with a history of major depression more frequently reported drinking to relieve PS related to depression than patients without a history of L1 depression patients with antisocial personality had an earlier onset of alcoholrelated problems than patients without antisocial personality the motivational patterns for drinking did not distinguish patients with antisocial personality from patients without antisocial personality these findings indicate the etiological logical importance of antisocial personality for the development of alcoholism and highlight the patients perception of depression as an explanation for their drinking
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the CSD of granulespecific sheep mast cell proteinase smcp was assayed by immunocytochemistry and quantified by immunoassay in sheep immune to haemonchus contortus repeated infection with haemonchus larvae over weeks induced a pronounced mucosal mastocytosis including intraepithelial globule WBCs gl which days after ceasing this dosing regime was associated with the inability of incoming larvae to establish within the abomasal mucosa loss of this resistance due to the cessation of stimulation with haemonchus larvae days previously or to treatment of sheep with corticosteroid was associated with a marked decline in mast cell density and concentrations of smcp in abomasal mucosal tissues nevertheless larvae also failed to establish in immune sheep rested from challenge days previously and in which mast cell counts were not significantly different from those of control sheep a small but significant PR of smcp was demonstrated in gastric mucus from immune sheep following larval challenge whereas little or no smcp was detected in mucus from naïve animals
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the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy csc with either subthreshold diodelaser micropulse mp or intravitreal bevacizumab bcz using the pro re nata prn scheme
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paranonylphenol np cas an alkylphenol with a carbon olefin side chain is widely used in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants lubricant additives polymer stabilizers and antioxidants due to its wide commercial use and putative endocrine activity in humans and wildlife the ntp elected to assess its effects on reproduction in multigenerational studies to avoid known estrogenic activity of phytoestrogens in soy and alfalfa a soy and alfalfafree caseincontaining diet was used in a rangefinding study to determine the doses of np to be tested further np was po to spraguedawley rats in the diet at or ppm to f dams beginning on gestationday the f pups were weaned at PN day pnd and their SE via diet was continued at the same dose level as their respective dams pup weights from birth through weaning were not significantly different from controls in any dose group but the average weight of both sexes was significantly less compared to controls beginning with the pnd weighing the f rats were sacrificed on pnd n pups of each sex from litters for all dose groups terminal body weights of males and females in the ppm dose group were and of controls respectively severe polycystic kidney disease pkd was present in of the ppmexposed male and female rats at ppm of males and of females had mild to moderate pkd versus none of either sex in the control and lowerdose groups the noadverseeffect level noael for pkd was determined to be ppm previous studies with comparable duration and route of SE but using soycontaining diets reported either no or only mild pkd at ppm np we conclude that the renal toxicity of np is highly dependent on the diet on which the animals are maintained the potential interaction of diet and test EDC on nonreproductive as well as reproductive endpoints should be considered when contemplating the use of special diets formulated to minimize exogenous hormone content for the study of the effects of putative endocrine disruptive chemicals
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IP neuropathy is the most common neurological symptom in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids here we examine possible mechanisms of gp and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nrtis in the pathogenesis of aids IP neuropathy neonatal dorsal root ganglion drg neurons were found to undergo apoptosis in response to chronic treatment with gpiiib an effect enhanced by the coapplication of hcd as well as upon SE to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nrti dideoxyinosine ddi drg neurons were rescued from the neurotoxic effects of these agents by cep an inhibitor of the mixed lineage kinases mlks upstream activators of the cjun nterminal kinase jnk signaling pathway in addition gp or ddimediated toxicity were also inhibited by neuronal expression of dominant negative versions of the mlks our results suggest that both gp and the nrtis cause sensory neuron apoptosis through the activation of the jnk pathway and that ceplike EDC may serve as a therapeutic option in patients with aidsassociated peripheral neuropathy
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the commercial fluorographic enhancers enhance or amplify were not as efficient as diphenyloxazole ppo for detecting radioactively labeled proteins in PAGE or on nitrocellulose filters for most of the xray films tested optimal preexposure was essential to obtain maximum sensitivity in fluorography or indirect ARG using intensifying screens the best results were obtained with nitrocellulose by saturating the filters with ppo the minimum levels of sc that could be detected on filters by autoradiography or fluorography in a h exposure were x or x dpm cm respectively for h these levels were respectively x or x dpm cm
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a total of patients with GD ulcers submitted to surgery at the department of surgery in hradec králové between and had been reported on retrospectively authors emphasized the long term postgastrectomy results providing minimally yearl primary systemic amyloidosis and twodimensional echocardiographic features of cardiac involvement RA ventricular diastolic CF was abnormal in of these patients the major abnormality being a short deceleration time less than ms in suggesting restriction in contrast of the patients had a decreased ratio of early e and late a diastolic PF E/A and a prolonged deceleration time greater than ms suggesting abnormal relaxation the patients were classified into two groups on the basis of RA ventricular free wall thickness group less than mm and group greater than or equal to mm compared with normal values group showed an increased peak late flow velocity versus cms p less than and a decreased ea velocity ratio versus p less than group showed a markedly shortened deceleration time versus ms p less than characteristic of restriction in the overall group superior VC APV was decreased in systole and increased in diastole and flow reversals during inspiration were increased compared with normal values hepatic A-V flow velocities were similar to those in the SVC except for larger flow reversals in the hepatic vein thus in cardiac amyloidosis RA VVI diastolic CF is abnormal there is a spectrum of RA VVI filling abnormalities and the restrictive filling pattern is seen only in the advanced stages of the disease
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to T0 pulmonary arteriolar vasomotion in control conditions and in the transition to hydraulic edema changes in subpleural pulmonary arteriolar diameter and perivascular ISV were evaluated in anesthetized spontaneously PLB rabbits images of subpleural pulmonary MV were recorded in control conditions and for up to min during a ml x kg x min intravenous saline infusion through an IN parietal pleural window images were digitized and analyzed with a semiautomatic procedure to determine VD and perivascular interstitial thickness from which interstitial fluid volume was derived in control vessels the diameter of approximately approximately and approximately microm arterioles and the perivascular interstitial thickness were fairly stable during infusion the diameter increased maximally by in approximately microm vessels was unchanged in approximately microm vessels and decreased by in approximately microm arterioles the perivascular interstitial volume increased by only around microm microvessels in papaverinetreated rabbits all arterioles dilated and a larger increase in perivascular interstitial thickness was observed the data suggest that the opposite vasomotor SMB of and microm arterioles during development of mild edema may represent a local TPS response of the pulmonary microcirculation to reduce Pc in the face of an increased transendothelial fluid filtration thus counteracting progression toward severe edema
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malignant fibrous histiocytoma a pleomorphic sarcoma represents the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life approximately per cent of the cases of malignant FH arise within the ABD cavity or retroperitoneum although tumors in this series arose in many different sites their proximity to the kidney necessitated a nephrectomy in per cent of the cases of in cases calcification was noted which varied from a few small speckled areas to extensive C1 coarse densities the masses tended to compress or displace adjacent structures and vessels radiographically renal duodenal and cecal invasion occasionally occurred ultrasonically most PT were hypoechoic cases with a few having a mixed DP on computerized tomography the masses were well circumscribed with computerized tomography numbers in the range of solid tissue except for a few small areas of decreased density the vascularity was variable with tumors being hypovascular and showing a moderate to hypervascular DP interestingly the tumor derived a part of its blood supply from the renal vasculature in cases per cent even though malignant FH often was diagnosed incorrectly as an intrarenal or adrenal neoplasm a cleavage plane usually could be identified between the tumor and the renal parenchyma in of the studies especially on the angiogram this finding suggested its extrarenal origin knowing the tendency of malignant fibrous histiocytoma to arise from or be physically near the kidney andor adrenal gland in elderly men may be of some diagnostic value
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there is much interest in EI for the prevention or postponement of PSD in alzheimers disease ad the results of drug trials in this regard have thus far been disappointing and nonpharmacological interventions are receiving increased attention one such MI is complex cognitive activity evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that participation in stimulating mental activities is associated with lowered dementia risk the introduction of novel and complex cognitive interventions to healthy adults and those with cognitive impairment may represent an efficacious treatment option to improve cognition lower PSD incidence and slow rate of decline this review examines the evidence for restorative cognitive training ct and addresses a number of clinically relevant issues regarding cognitive benefit and its transfer and persistence although the number of randomized controlled trials is limited preliminary evidence suggests that ct may provide immediate and longer term cognitive benefits which generalize to nontrained domains and noncognitive functions with supervised small group multidomain training providing greatest benefits possible neuroplastic mechanisms are discussed and recommendations for further research and clinical implementation provided
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in the nervous system interneuronal communication can occur via indirect or direct transmission the mode of indirect communication involves chemical synapses in which transmitters are released into the extracellular space to subsequently bind to the postsynaptic cell membrane direct communication is mediated by electrical synapses and will be the focus of this review the most prevalent group of electrical synapses are neuronal gap junctions both terms are used interchangeably in this article which directly connect the intracellular space of two cells by gap junction channels the structural components of gap junction channels in the nervous system are connexin proteins and as recently identified pannexin proteins connexin gap junction channels enable the intercellular bidirectional transport of ions metabolites second messengers and other molecules smaller than kd more than connexin genes have been found in the mouse and human genome with the cloning of connexin cx a connexin protein with predominantly neuronal expression the PSA correlate of electrotonic transmission between neurons was identified we outline the distribution of cx as well as two other neuronal connexins cx and cx in the nervous system describing their spatial and temporal expression patterns one focus in this review was the retina as it shows many and diverse electrical synapses whose connexin components have been identified in fish and mammals in view of the function of neuronal gap junctions the network of inhibitory interneurons will be reviewed in detail focussing on the hippocampus although in vivo data on pannexin proteins are still restricted to information on mrna expression electrophysiological data and the expression pattern in the NS have been included
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although telomerase which maintains the ends of chromosomes is downregulated as cells differentiate leading to attrition of chromosomal termini and ultimate replicative senescence it is upregulated in most CA cells which show no net loss of average telomere length the mrna level of the catalytic component of telomerase htert is the major determinant of telomerase activity but little is known about control of htert transcription we propose mechanisms whereby cytosine methylation may alter the binding of activators such as cmyc or repressors such as wt which interact with the htert gene regulatory region to modulate telomerase activity in aging cells and tumorigenesis mechanisms are also proposed for control of htert expression through changes in the collective binding of its transcription factors in aging and tumorigenic cells elucidation of telomerase regulation should facilitate advances in understanding agerelated diseases such as cancer and in potential therapeutic modalities
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the wet season was one of extreme weather for the state of queensland australia major rivers adjacent to the GBR gbr were discharging at rates to times higher than their long term median SE to photosystem ii herbicides has been routinely monitored over a period of up to years at inshore gbr CS the influence of this wet season on exposure to PS ii herbicides was examined in the context of this LT monitoring record and during flood plume events in TPS regions median exposures expressed as diuron equivalent concentration were an average factor of times higher but mostly not significantly different p to the median for the longterm monitoring record the herbicides metolachlor and tebuthiuron were frequently detected in flood plume waters at concentrations that reached or exceeded relevant water SQ guidelines by up to times
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mechanical stimuli play a significant role in the process of long bone OD as evidenced by clinical observations and in vivo studies up to now approaches to understand stimuli characteristics have been limited to the first stages of epiphyseal development furthermore growth plate mechanical SMB has not been widely studied in order to better understand mechanical influences on bone growth we used carter and wong biomechanical approximation to analyze GP mechanical behavior and explore AS patterns for different morphological stages of the GP to the best of our knowledge this work is the first attempt to T0 AS distribution on GP during different possible stages of bone development from gestation to adolescence AS CSD analysis on the epiphysis and growth SP was performed using axisymmetric d finite element analysis in a simplified generic epiphyseal geometry using a linear elastic MM as the first approximation we took into account different growth plate locations morphologies and widths as well as different epiphyseal developmental stages we found AS CSD during bone OD established osteogenic index patterns that seem to influence locally epiphyseal structures growth and coincide with growth SP histological arrangement
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the objective of this T0 was to examine the results of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair tevar for chronic descending thoracic aortic dta dissections with aneurysmal degeneration
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the objective of the current study was to provide descriptive information on a representative national sample of patients with prostate carcinoma who were treated with prostate brachytherapy pb in calendar year
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early manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency cvi are edema hyperpigmentation and lipodermatosclerosis late complications are cutaneous ulceration and delayed healing the TPS hallmarks of this inflammation include CD4+ infiltration into the dermal tissue monocytes and lymphocytes and enhanced EC permeability this may lead to Fn cuff formation in addition membrane adhesion molecules are present and cytokine gle nucleotide producing an amino acid alteration compared with other types of adv these isolates had sequence similarity to a published ferret adv fadv in contrast to homology to various types of mink adv madv the phylogenetic tree of advs indicates that these isolates and the published fadv belong to the same genetic group and definitely are divergent from madvs the predicted CAA sequence of the hypervariable segment in the CA gene was conserved among the types of fadv these results indicated that the isolates found in japan were new dna types of fadv and could have been derived from fadvs a restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp method to distinguish the ferret types of adv from the mink types of adv was developed on the basis of differences in their nucleotide sequences digestion of the pcr products with afal or scai provided different cleavage patterns for fadv and madv this pcrrflp analysis of the adv CA gene will be a valuable asset for diagnosis of this virus infection in ferrets
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the corticospinal tract provides the most direct pathway over which the cerebral cortex controls movement in rodents and marsupials this influence is exerted largely upon interneurons in the DH of the spinal GM however ascending the hcv ires in support of the IB specificity the factors interacting with domain differed from those interacting with domain and included three polyrcbinding protein pcbp members besides proliferationassociated g pag and deletedazoospermia daz protein around of the identified AF associated with the fmdv ires differ from those interacting with the hcv ires the group of proteins interacting with the fmdv or the hcv ires includes eifb and subunits of eif respectively known to interact with each of these rnas validating the results of this RPA according to the CF of the identified proteins are involved in translation control whereas play a role in different aspects of rna lifespan compilation of AF preferentially associated with fmdv or hcv ires provides a basis for examining the strategies used by iress to recruit the translation machinery
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obstructive SA osa is a prevalent disorder that may cause cardiovascular disease and fatal traffic accidents but the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood increased fatigability of the genioglossus the principal upper airway dilator muscle might be important in osa pathophysiology but the existing literature is uncertain we hypothesized that the GG in osa subjects would fatigue more than in controls in osa subjects and controls during wakefulness we measured maximum voluntary tongue protrusion force tpmax using surface electromyography arrays we measured the rate of decline in muscle fiber theta mfcv during an ISO fatiguing contraction at tpmax the rate of decline in mfcv provides an objective means of quantifying localized muscle fatigue LR analysis of individual subject data demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in mfcv in osa subjects compared to control subjects ± mean ± sd versus ± p these data support increased fatigability of the genioglossus muscle in osa subjects which may be important in the pathophysiology of osa
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the MDA-LDL ldl receptor of molecular mass kda was expressed on the cell surface of cultured mouse macrophage j cells the conversion rate of F0 to mature form of ldl receptor in j cells was comparable to that in mouse FB l cells the halflife of the ldl receptor of j cells was about h that of l cells was about h the rapid degradation of ldl receptor was not significantly inhibited by the lysosomotropic agents chloroquine and nhcl nor by the thiolprotease inhibitors leupeptin and e by contrast incubation at degrees c retarded the degradation of ldl receptor treatment of j cells with brefeldin a an inhibitor of membrane transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus inhibited the rapid turnover of the ldl receptor even T3 a h chase in the presence of brefeldin a ldl receptor kda smaller than the normal mature form was found to be stable rapid turnover of the ldl receptor in the macrophages appeared to occur T3 exit from the golgi apparatus possibly during transport of the ldl receptor to the plasma membrane
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new compounds structurally related to cimetidine ranitidine and lamtidine have been prepared and tested for their histamine hreceptor blocking activity on guineapig atria rat perfused stomach and frog isolated gastric mucosa these derivatives contain as a polar group a diaminofurazan moiety a aminomethylfurazan or a aminophenylfurazan moiety ranitidine and lamtidine analogues display strong hantagonist activity invitro kb on atria microm and microm respectively and invivo on the lumenperfused stomach of the anaesthetized rat id mumol kg and mumol kg iv respectively however lamtidine analogues are ineffective in blocking the histamineinduced increase of h output in the frog isolated gastric mucosa on the basis of the anomalous results in the frog it is concluded that caution must be exercised in extrapolating information from amphibian to rat tissues with regard to the structure and the CF of histamine receptors
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a precise predictive MM is needed to obtain a clear understanding of the changing DO content in outdoor crab ponds to assess how to reduce risk and to optimize water quality management the uncertainties in the data from multiple sensors are a significant factor when building a dissolved oxygen content prediction model to increase prediction accuracy a new hybrid DO content forecasting MM based on the radial basis CF neural networks rbfnn data fusion method and a least squares support vector machine lssvm with an optimal improved particle swarm optimizationipso is developed in the modelling process the rbfnn data F0 method is used to improve information accuracy and provide more trustworthy training samples for the ipsolssvm PM the lssvm is a powerful tool for achieving nonlinear DO content forecasting in addition an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed to determine the optimal parameters for the lssvm with high accuracy and generalizability in this T0 the comparison of the prediction results of different traditional models validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed hybrid rbfnnipsolssvm model for DO content prediction in outdoor crab ponds
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apps are widely used worlwide and are candidate for a growing role as mobile and digital health support services their ubiquitous characteristics and their wide dissemination make this technology particularly appealing for psychiatry and addiction medicine apps allow for ecological momentary assessment and MI it is hypothezised they are able to reach people to engage them in app related services and to promote behavior change and empowerment it seems that apps could reach target populations sustainable engagement is however still challenging for most of them some specific apps are possibly able to promote a given SMB in a TPS population
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kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with endstage kidney disease eskd rising eskd prevalence has substantially increased numbers of kidney transplants performed maintenance IS is LT treatment to prevent AR and deterioration of VG CF although immunosuppressive treatment using drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors cnis such as cyclosporin a csa or tacrolimus reduce AR rates longterm allograft survival rates are not significantly enhanced cnirelated adverse effects contribute to reduced SQ of life among kidney transplant recipients adjuvant immunosuppressive therapies that could offer a synergetic immunosuppressive effect while minimising toxicity and reducing SE have been explored recently CS cordyceps a traditional chinese medicine is used as an adjuvant IS agent in maintenance treatment for kidney transplantation recipients in china but there is no consensus about its use as an adjuvant immunosuppressive treatment for kidney transplantation recipients
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the goal of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidantantioxidant balance in the pathogenesis of copd we included healthy nonsmokers male female mean age yr sd healthy smokers male female mean age yr sd patients with stable copd male female mean age yr sd and patients with copd exacerbation male female mean age yr sd in all study CG the peripheral venous blood samples were taken for plasma malonyldialdehyde mda a parameter of lipid peroxidation caused by the oxidants and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase sod an antioxidant enzyme the mean plasma mda level was higher in HS and in patients with copd than in healthy nonsmokers p and erythrocyte sod enzyme activity in patients with copd exacerbation ughb was significantly higher than in healthy nonsmokers ughb p although mean EA sod enzyme activity in healthy smokers and patients with stable copd was higher than in healthy nonsmokers the difference was not statistically significant we found that healthy smokers and stable and exacerbated copd patients had an impairment in oxidantantioxidant balance we suggested that new therapeutic interventions which may repair the impaired oxidantantioxidant balance in copd are needed to prevent the OD of copd
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differentiation of mammary epithelium in vivo requires signaling through prolactin and erbbherdependent mechanisms how these pathways intersect is unknown we show herein that hc mouse mammary cells undergo erbbdependent lactational differentiation prolactin and the erbb ligand hbegf each induced stata activation expression of lactogenic differentiation markers and lumen formation in threedimensional matrigel cultures in hc cells erbb undergoes liganddependent TM domain cleavage at val releasing a soluble kda ICD sher that localizes to nuclei the physiological relevance of sher is unknown a herva mutant abolishing transmembrane cleavage impaired stata activity lactogenic gene expression and lumen formation kinasedead herkd was neither cleaved nor able to induce differentiation of hc cells without treating hc cells with prolactin or hbegf sher expressed from a cdna construct localized to the nucleus G1 stata and induced threedimensional lumen formation nuclear localization of exogenous sher required intact kinase activity of sher as did activation of stata in contrast nuclear localization of sher and stata activation did not require the CAA region of the erbb ICD TPS to the cyt isoform of erbb and absent in the cyt isoform these results suggest that sher formation contributes to erbbdependent differentiation of mammary epithelial cells
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pseudoxanthoma elasticum pxe is a genetic metabolic disease with AR inheritance caused by mutations in the abcc gene the lack of PET abcc protein leads to ectopic mineralization that is most apparent in the elastic tissues of the skin eyes and blood vessels the clinical prevalence of pxe has been estimated at between per and per with slight female predominance the first clinical sign of pxe is almost always small yellow papules on the nape and sides of the neck and in flexural Az the papules coalesce and the skin becomes loose and wrinkled the middermal elastic SF are short fragmented clumped and calcified dystrophic calcification of bruchs membrane revealed by angioid streaks may trigger CNV and ultimately loss of CE vision and blindness in latestage disease lesions in small and mediumsized i.a. walls may result in intermittent claudication and IP artery disease cardiac complications myocardial infarction angina pectoris are thought to be relatively rare but merit thorough investigation ICM strokes have been reported pxe is a metabolic disease in which circulating C2 of an antimineralization factor are low there is good evidence to suggest that the factor is inorganic pyrophosphate ppi and that the circulating low C2 of ppi and decreased ppipi ratio result from the lack of atp release by HCs harboring the mutant abcc protein however the substrates bound transported or modulated by the abcc protein remain unknown more than sequence SCV of the abcc gene have been identified there is no cure for pxe the main symptomatic treatments are vascular EC growth factor inhibitor therapy for ophthalmic manifestations lifestyle lipidlowering and dietary measures for reducing vascular risk AF and vascular surgery for severe cardiovascular manifestations future treatment options may include gene therapyediting and pharmacologic chaperone therapy
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primary serosal neoplasms demonstrate a wide spectrum of growth patterns and biologic aggressiveness the adenomatoid RT is uniformly benign whereas the DMM pursues a downhill clinical course rapidly leading to fatality the cystic PM occupies an intermediate position characterized by persistent andor recurrent disease but without progression to death the distinction of an epithelial mesothelioma from MA remains a challenging problem in the vast majority of cases this can be accomplished by combining routine histochemistry immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy the absence of epithelial mucins and nonreactivity with antibodies to cea strongly favor mesothelioma ultrastructurally observed long thin sinuous surface microvilli without a glycocalix welldeveloped desmosomes and abundant tonofilaments add further support for a primary serosal neoplasm the sarcomatoid mesothelioma can easily be confused with a chestwall sarcoma despite lacking ultrastructural evidence of epithelial differentiation ICC studies demonstrate cytokeratin this distinguishes the sarcomatoid mesothelioma from most softtissue sarcomas there remains a small number of cases particularly those in the poorly differentiated or transitional category in which the distinction between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma remains difficult in this situation it is imperative that all the clinical information be closely reviewed and a diligent search for a primary site be carried out there are many parallels between reactive and neoplastic serosal tissue the desmoplasticsarcomatoid mesothelioma morphologically and immunocytochemically resembles the reactive multipotential subserosal cell msc of injured serosal tissue whereas the adenomatoid RT cystic peritoneal mesothelioma and epithelial mesothelioma resemble surface mesothelium the poorly differentiated mesothelioma resembles a stage of maturation between tlipoprotein b the L1 protein constituent of human plasma lowdensity lipoproteins ldl was carboxyamidomethylated digested with TR and the watersoluble tryptic peptides were coincubated with liposomes of DMPC dmpc at degrees c the peptides induced lipid solubilization as evidenced by optical clearing of the lipidpeptide mixture lipidpeptide complexes were isolated by densitygradient UC in kbr and had the following properties dmpcpeptide ratio of ww buoyant density of gml discoidal morphology x a as determined by electron microscopy and molecular weight of x as determined by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared to liposomes and sonicated vesicles of dmpc the lipidpeptide complexes had a more rigid structure as assessed by FP whereas intact ldl had alphahelix and betapleated sheet the lipidpeptide complexes contained alphahelix and less than betapleated sheet the lipidpeptide complexes did not bind to the FB highaffinity ldl receptor these results show that specific regions in apolipoprotein b which interact with phospholipid have an amphipathic character and may represent primary CS for lipidprotein interaction in ldl
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a total of individuals from species were investigated with regard to existence and size of the AOB aob based on volume measurements the aob and its three measured components do not show any uniform trend in size changes from lower insectivora through higher primates the investigated structures are in most prosimians clearly larger than in low insectivora in most new world simians clearly smaller and in old world simians absent even within narrowly related CG there may exist strong differences in size and structural differentiation in aobs of large relative size the inner granular SL layer is relatively larger than in aobs of small relative size the variability in size is especially C1 in those individuals and species with a relatively small aob no differences were found between the aobs of the two sides within the same individual BB and between the two sexes within the same species there is no interdependency in size between mob main olfactory bulb and aob the relative size of the aob is discussed in relation to various ecological and behavioural considerations no clear relations could be found between the size of the aob and dietary specialization a comparison of the relative size of the aob with activity cycle sexual behaviour and the use of pheromones in various species of primates supports the suggestion that the vomeronasal system may be involved in sexual andor social interaction
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animal experiments indicate that the inner retina keeps its oxygen SE constant despite systemic hypoxia for the human retina no such data exist in the present T0 we hypothesized that systemic hypoxia does not alter inner retinal oxygen extraction to test this hypothesis we included healthy male and female subjects aged between and years all subjects were studied at baseline and during breathing oâ in nâ as well as PLB oâ in nâ oxygen saturation in a retinal artery soâart and an adjacent retinal vein soâvein were measured using spectroscopic fundus reflectometry measurements of retinal A-V blood velocity using bidirectional laser doppler velocimetry and retinal venous diameters using a retinal vessel analyzer rva were combined to calculate retinal blood flow oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure were measured from earlobe arterialized capillary blood retinal blood flow was increased by ± p and ± p during and oâ PLB respectively soâart as well as soâvein decreased during both oâ breathing soâart ± p soâvein ± p and oâ breathing soâart ± p soâvein ± p the arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased during both PLB periods o ± oâ ± p each calculated oxygen extraction did however not NC during our experiments oâ ± p oâ ± p our results indicate that in healthy humans oxygen extraction of the inner retina remains constant during systemic hypoxia
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exponentially growing cells cultured in medium containing bromodeoxyuridine then exposed to uva light in the presence of the dye hoechst show significant C2 of dna strand breaks and base damage this dyebromodeoxyuridineuva photolysis treatment is markedly cytotoxic we now demonstrate that exposure of cells to the agents used in photolysis leads directly to the formation of chromosome aberrations furthermore we demonstrate that this photochemical treatment induces delayed chromosomal instability in clonal populations derived from single progenitor cells surviving photolysis these results suggest that photolysisinduced dna damage leads to chromosome rearrangements that could account for the observed cytotoxicity furthermore in those cells surviving photolysis the delayed effects of this treatment can be observed several generations after SE and are manifested as compromised genomic integrity
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lymphocyte depletion HD disease ldhd was diagnosed in of children with hodgkins disease treated from july to september all of the children received conventional radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy with mustine vinblastine procarbazine and prednisone mvpp in ldhd children the disease was associated with severe anemia splenomegaly presence of mediastinal enlargement and dissemination at the time of diagnosis three children with ldhd did not achieve remission and died with uncontrolled disease in two others relapses occurred and led to death in one only three children remain in their CR1 only of patients with nonldhd relapsed and entered second remission all patients were free of disease at the time of evaluation with mean survival of months we conclude that ldhd in childhood is frequently associated with clinically advanced disease and still has a bad prognosis alternative approaches to its therapy are needed
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polysialic acid polysia is expressed on the surface of neural cells neuroinvasive bacterial cells and several tumor cells polysia chains attached to ncam can influence both trans interactions between CM of two cells and cis interactions here we report on the involvement of phospholipids in regulation of membrane interactions by polysia the ph at the surface of liposomes specific molecular area of phosphatidylcholine molecules phase transition of dppc bilayers cyclic voltammograms of blms and electron micrographs of phosphatidylcholine LDV were studied after addition of polysialic acid free in solution the results indicate that polysia chains can associate with phosphatidylcholine bilayers incorporate into the polar part of a phospholipid monolayer modulate cis interactions between phosphatidylcholine molecules and facilitate trans interactions between apposing phospholipid LDV these observations imply that polysia attached to ncam or to lipids can behave similarly
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previous studies of the content of FP have analyzed the discipline in terms of the clinical problem content taking a different RPA a T0 group analyzed the care given to patients by family physicians irrespective of the specific clinical problems working with a reference group of family physicians in private practice ten CE elements were identified comprehensiveness of care anticipation of problems and continuity of care personal relationships with a patient medical knowledge and skills characteristic of FM values and attitudes that enhance FM problem definition and medical decision making problem management and resource coordination care of the individual within the family context involvement with the community and attentiveness to practice organization this study provides a different point of departure for the design and evaluation of educational programs in FP
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mscl a stretchactivated channel saves bacteria experiencing hypoosmotic shocks from lysis its high conductance and controllable activation makes it a strong candidate to serve as a transducer in stimuliresponsive biomolecular materials droplet interface bilayers dibs flexible insulating scaffolds for such materials can be used as a new platform for incorporation and activation of mscl here we report the first reconstitution and activation of the lowthreshold vt mutant of mscl in a dib as a response to axial compressions of the droplets gating occurs near maximum compression of both droplets where tension in the membrane is maximal the observed ns conductance levels correspond to the vtmscl subconductive and fully open states recorded in native bacterial membranes or liposomes geometrical analysis of droplets during compression indicates that both contact angle and TA of the wateroil interfaces contribute to the generation of tension in the bilayer the measured expansion of the interfaces by is predicted to generate a mnm tension in the bilayer just sufficient for gating this work clarifies the principles of interconversion between bulk and surface forces in the dib facilitates the measurements of fundamental membrane properties and improves our understanding of mscl response to membrane tension
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the inner surface of the midgut of chick embryos aged seven to fifteen days of incubation has been examined by SEM microscopy at this period the surface of the mucous membrane undergoes significant morphological changes in fact while at seven days of incubation it appears to be smooth and regular in the following days it begins to show longitudinal folds increasingly higher more numerous and complicated T3 eleven days of incubation some folds take a zigzag appearance that progressively becomes more evident and extends to all the folds in the mean time the enterocytes undergo a gradual differentiation and represent the only type of epithelial cells at this stage of development their apex until seven days of incubation is domeshaped provided with short MV and separated from the surrounding cells by deep circular grooves at about thirteen days the apex appears to be less swollen with longer and more numerous microvilli and delimited by microplicae arranged in a hexagonal disposition
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following implantation of coronary palmazschatz stents patients were anticoagulated with a combination of heparin phenprocoumon and aspirin following a standard protocol T3 removing the arterial and venous lines postinterventional intravenous iv heparin treatment started with iuh for patients kg and iuh for patients kg heparin was monitored by the APTT time aptt and adjusted by increasing or reducing iv heparin by iuh to maintain the aptt within the therapeutic range phenprocoumon therapy began the day T3 stent implantation day and lasted for months aptt heptest prothrombin fragment f and f and TAT complexes tat were monitored at standard intervals for days mean monitoring time days anticoagulation was efficient with aptt C2 remaining within the therapeutic range on day and the simultaneous moderateonset oral AC within the therapeutic range of the international normalized ratio inr on day on average the mean inr being on day f levels were significantly higher than on the day of stenting nmoll vs nmoll p f C2 fell T3 day the difference becoming significant from day on p f was negatively correlated with the heptest p and fell significantly as a function of the inr during phenprocoumon administration p T3 phenprocoumon therapy was discontinued over weeks patients were followed up by angiography despite adequate anticoagulation mean f levels in patients showing restenosis at followup angiography were significantly higher p than in those without restenosis in one patient who developed SAT clotting AF were determined min before stent occlusion theduced by it administered dpdpe dpenenkephalin or daladeltorphin ii deltaopioid receptor agonist without affecting the antinociception induced by damgo dalamepheglyolenkephalin or uh respective mu or kappaopioid receptor agonists scrambled sense oligodeoxynucleotide pmol was ineffective against the tailflick inhibition induced by dpdpedaladeltorphin damgo or uh the studies confirm previous pharmacological studies at the molecular level indicating a distinct deltaopioid receptor for antinociception in the spinal cord
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to investigate the duration and DP of cataract formation T3 PPV thirtythree eyes from patients with CR data from march to january were collected in this study the time and pattern of cataract formation was analyzed according to lens opacities classification system iii locs iii the rho between the mean cataract progression and followup time was determined by simple regression and rho analysis diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the main causes of patients with vitreoretinopathy who underwent PPV procedure twentyone patients had diabetes mellitus and patients had hypertension four eyes received intravitreal gas injection after pars plana vitrectomy the correlation between cataract progression and followup time was clinically significant p thirtyone patients were nuclear cataract the mean time of cataract formation being months patients were cortical cataract the mean time of formation being months and patients were PSC cataract the mean time of formation being months cataract formation after pars plana vitrectomy is not infrequent nuclear cataract is the most common type in this T0 vitreous microenvironmental changes postvitrectomy uveitis intravitreal gas and patient age may be the key points of cataract formation after surgery the mechanism of longerterm effect of pars plana vitrectomy on lens status is still unknown and merits further T0
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pathogenic bacteria including pseudomonas aeruginosa interact with and engage the host plasminogen plg activation system which encompasses the urokinase upatype plg activator and is involved in extracellular proteolysis including matrilysis and c aneurysm repair is a demanding procedure with high impact on the patient and the operating team results from expert centres show mortality rates between with extensive morbidity including renal failure and paraplegia endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms initially required an undilated portion of the aorta below the renal arteries to safely fixate the stentgraft more complex ABD artic aneurysms ie shortnecked juxta and suprarenal aneurysms were later successfully treated with fenestrated grafts the OD of branched grafts opened the way to treat thoracoabdominal aneurysms endovascularly in this review a comprehensive overview of technical aspects and results of the available literature is given mortality rates are below with spinal cord ischemia reported between and target vessel branch patency invariably has been reported between and with first midterm results demonstrating evidence for durability most series included highrisk patients who were denied open repair nevertheless risks associated with endovascular repair of TAA should be acknowledged techniquespecific complications including perforation of small vessels due to multiple catheterization resulting in retroperitoneal hematoma and compartment syndrome of the lower limbs should be mentioned technical evolution of branched grafts is ongoing tapering down the main graft to allow for room for the branches has resulted in easier catheterization of target vessels and IS of bridging stentgrafts for the same reason the branches for celiac artery and SMA i.a. are deliberately offset in position to stabilise the usually long devices additional spiral wires have been added to facilitate deployment in the correct orientation endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms will continue to evolve and gradually take over from or in view of the much lower physical impact on the patient
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to compare the preliminary biochemical RFS rates between shortcourse intensitymodulated radiotherapy scimrt delivering gy in fractions and threedimensional conformal radiotherapy dcrt delivering gy in fractions
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mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic disorders leading to the dysfunction of mitochondrial energy metabolism pathways we aimed to assess the clinical phenotype and the PSA cerebrospinal fluid csf biogenic amine profiles of patients with different diagnoses of genetic mitochondrial diseases we recruited patients with genetically confirmed mitochondrial diseases harboring mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial dna mtdna genes signs and PS of impaired neurotransmission and neuroradiological data were recorded csf monoamines pterins and methyltetrahydrofolate mthf concentrations were analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography with EC and fluorescence PCD procedures the mtdna mutations were studied by sanger sequencing southern blot and RT pcr and nuclear dna was assessed either by sanger or nextgeneration sequencing five out of cases showed predominant dopaminergic signs not attributable to BG involvement harboring mutations in different nuclear genes a chisquare test showed a statistically significant association between high homovanillic acid hva values and low csf mthf values chisquare p seven out of the eight patients with high csf hva values showed CBF folate deficiency five of them harbored mtdna deletions associated with kearnssayre syndrome kss one had a mitochondrial point mutation at the mtdna atpase gene and one had a polg mutation in conclusion dopamine deficiency clinical signs were present in some patients with mitochondrial diseases with different genetic backgrounds high csf hva values together with a severe cerebral folate deficiency were observed in kss patients and in other mtdna mutation syndromes
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angiogenesis is a critical step in a benign tumors evolution toward malignancy and metastasis tumor cells acquire such a phenotype by their ability to secrete angiogenic factors such as VE growth factor vegf vegf receptors vegfrs fltvegfr and flk kdrvegfr are restricted to activated EC cells with the highest expression being in the RT vasculature the present T0 was undertaken to target the vegfrs targeted toxins were developed by recombinant methods by fusing vegf or vegf to the diphtheria toxin dt translocation and enzymatic domain dtvegf or dtvegf both F0 proteins were found to be highly toxic to proliferating EC cells but not to vascular smooth muscle cells the F0 protein is also AS in kaposis sarcoma a RT type that expresses high levels of vegfrs these F0 proteins CR inhibit the basic FB growth factorinduced growth of new blood vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay furthermore the fusion toxin substantially retards the growth of kaposis sarcoma PT in mice because nearly all tumors induce local angiogenesis with high vegfr expression vegfderived toxins may have wide application in CA therapy
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the first choice for prevention of corticosteroid OP is a potent oral bisphosphonatefor example alendronate or risedronate intravenous bisphosphonates should be considered for patients intolerant of the oral route for patients receiving chronic low dose CSs treatment with calcium and vitamin d may prevent further BL use of parathyroid hormone is promising
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previous work from this laboratory reported on the effects of several autacoids and other agents on strips of human corpus cavernosum cc muscle these investigations indicated the presence in the cc muscle of a atropinesensitive cholinoceptors b alpha and betaadrenoceptors and c a nonadrenergic noncholinergic mechanism several recent publications have presented evidence in support of the possibility that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide vip is an important or the chief transmitter in human penile erection this paper describes the actions of vip and other compounds on the cc muscle and the effect of ICI of vip in volunteers among the agents tested vip was the most potent relaxant of the cc muscle this effect which was seen at a dose as low as nm was suppressed by vip AS the response of the isolated penile vasculature to vip was similar vip antiserum had no effect on the relaxation of the cc muscle produced by FS in five of the seven subjects given intracavernous vip micrograms some degree of penile enlargement was evident but none had an erection it is suggested that local PR of vip withdrawal of the alphaadrenoceptor mediated tonic supply to the penis and the activation of the latters betaadrenoceptors are all probably involved in penile erection in man
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recent advances in understanding betacateninindependent wnt noncanonical signalling suggest an increasing complexity raising the question of how individual noncanonical pathways are induced and regulated here we examine whether intracellular signalling components such as betaarrestin betaarr and casein kinases and ck and ck can contribute to determining signalling specificity in betacateninindependent wnt signalling to the small gtpase rac our findings indicate that betaarr is sufficient and required for wntrac signalling and that CK act as a switch that prevents the activation of rac and promotes other noncanonical wnt pathways through the phosphorylation of dishevelled dvl xdsh in xenopus thus our results indicate that the balance between betaarr and ck determines whether wntrac or other noncanonical wnt pathways are G1
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the psychopathological symptoms occurring in the course of diseases associated with infections are often initially isolated and noncharacteristic and may cause diagnostic difficulties moreover such disorders tend to be less responsive to psychiatric management among possible causes such as trauma neoplasm and V1 changes inflammatory changes of the brain as a result of a viral infection should also be considered there were registered cases of viral encephalitis in poland in and although not very prevalent they remain a severe and lifethreatening condition what is more the frequently occurring neurological and psychiatric complications of viral encephalitis often result in permanent disabilities causing a significant decrease in the quality of life this article presents the three types of encephalitis that are most prevalent among immunocompetent patients in poland ie herpes simplex encephalitis hse tickborne encephalitis tbe and herpes zoster encephalitis hze the psychopathology of the acute phase of the infection the residual symptoms features apparent in imaging studies and some neuropathological aspects are also presented the paper also focuses on psychiatric aspects of the diagnostics and treatment of the described conditions the clinical pictures of these infections are quite specific although they cover a wide range of symptoms and these characteristic features are described the aim of this review is also to show the significance of thorough diagnostics and a multidisciplinary RPA to patients with viral cns infections
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rat ovariancell culture medium contains CS and inhibin material that are able to influence basal and lhrhstimulated secretion of fsh and lh from dispersed pituitary cells studies on procedures to remove CS such as EA SE and charcoal dextran adsorption showed that adsorption of the culture medium with to charcoal and to dextran respectively was the optimal method to eliminate most of the CS in the medium without a detrimental effect on inhibin activity the inclusion of serum or bovine albumin in the SC medium after the culture protected the inhibin from adsorption by the charcoal dextran treatment the inhibin present in the rat ovariancell SC medium treated with charcoal dextran behaved like the inhibin reference standard from rete testis fluid of the sheep rtfs in the basal secretion of fsh and the lhrhstimulated secretion of fsh and lh in the invitro bioassay
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