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to investigate gender differences in cutaneous VR to local cooling we performed CE of one hand and measured laser doppler ld flux on fingers ipsilaterally and contralaterally in a group of healthy females and a group of healthy males the females were tested twice in the EF and in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle we related the characteristics of cutaneous vascular responses to indices of autonomic NS activity HR rate blood pressure HRV at rest and during the cold challenge in our exp settings females exhibited greater cutaneous vascular response to local cooling at the ipsilateral site ld flux decreased to of the resting value as compared to males ld flux decreased to of the resting value as well as at the CL site ld flux decreased to in females and to in males p dunnetts test the more pronounced cutaneous V1 response in females seems consistent with the finding of their lower sympathetic activity at rest as well as with their HRV indices of greater sympathetic system CR to local cold SE correspondingly males showed a higher level of sympathetic NS activity at rest and a predominant CR of the parasympathetic system during local cooling at degrees c the females in our study all of whom were premenopausal exhibited intramenstrual cycle R2 only in cutaneous V1 response at the site of local cooling ld flux decreased during the EFP to and during the midluteal phase to of the resting value p paired ttest but not contralaterally in addition we found no intramenstrual cycle differences in the indices of autonomic NS CR
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yeast cells lacking mms or mms are hypersensitive to agents that perturb replisome progression but the cellular functions of these genes are unknown in this T0 we investigate the involvement of budding yeast mms and mms in HR hr recombination between sister chromatids or between homologous chromosomes induced by agents that block replisomes was severely defective in cells lackbones as well as sutural patency OD of the BB also involves interactions with DM secretion of stromal derived factor sdf is a critical event in directing migration of the external granular SL precursors of the cerebellar SC and the cajalretzius cr cells of the cerebral cortex the DM is also required for growth of the hippocampal DG wntcrerr transgenic reporter mice were used to study the origin and fates of the cells of DM during head development the dura mater of mammals is derived entirely from the cranial neural crest beginning around neonatal day n the DM is infiltrated by cells derived from paraxial mesoderm which later come to predominate over the course of infancy the neural crestderived cells of the DM become sequestered in nichelike CSD characteristic of stem cells simultaneously DM cells underlying the sagittal suture migrate upward into the mesodermallyderived mesenchyme separating the parietal bones although initially the parietal bones are formed entirely from paraxial mesoderm the cellular composition gradually becomes chimeric and is populated mainly by neural crestderived cells by n this occurs as a consequence of OB differentiation at the DM interface and intravasation of neural crestderived osteoclastic and other hematopoietic precursors the isolated cells of the DM are multipotent in vitro giving rise to OBs neuronal cells and other derivatives characteristic of cranial neural crest possibly reflecting the multipotent nature of dura mater cells in vivo
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a year old postmenopausal female presented with left sided abdominal pain sonogram revealed an intraabdominal x cm heterogenous mass on LAP approximately x cm mesenteric mass was seen adherent to the descending colon multiple omental tumor deposits were also noted gross examination showed SCT with sebaceous material admixed with hair histopathology showed mature cystic teratoma with a spectrum of well to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with omental metastasis
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extremely preterm babies delivered at completed weeks of gestation are frequently diagnosed with hypotension and treated with inotropic and pressor drugs in the immediate postnatal period dopamine is the most commonly used firstline drug babies who are treated for hypotension more frequently sustain brain injury have LT disability or die compared to those who are not despite the widespread use of drugs to treat hypotension in such infants evidence for efficacy is lacking and the effect of these agents on LT outcomes is unknown
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asymmetric dimethylarginine adma is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide no which plays an important role in natriuresis we determined whether changes in EDV edd and plasma adma predict changes in blood pressure bp after salt loading in normotensive PM women pmw
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the pharmacokinetics of various drugs may be profoundly altered during different stages of pregnancy parturition and lactation gastrointestinal absorption or BA of drugs may vary due to changes in gastric secretion and motility various haemodynamic changes such as an increase in cardiac SO blood volume and renal plasma flow may affect drug disposition and elimination the increase in blood volume and TB water which occurs during pregnancy can alter the volume of CSD for various drugs although exact quantifications are not easy these changes in pharmacokinetic parameters should be considered when dosing antiarrhythmic agents in Pr women plasma protein concentrations and drug binding capacity are altered in the mother and fetus as pregnancy advances with highly protein bound drugs these changes may be clinically significant as the pharmacological tau and toxicity are presumed to be related to the concentration of free drug in both the mother and fetus in some instances the fetus may be susceptible to greater drug toxicity as free drug concentrations may be underestimated by measurement of total drug concentrations changes in maternal drug metabolism and metabolism by the fetoplacental unit also contribute to alterations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs as the placenta contains many metabolising enzymes biotransformation of drugs at this site could potentially convert a drug into an active metabolite or prevent fetal exposure to a toxic drug placental transfer of drugs leading to toxicity in the fetus is a L1 concern in the pharmacological management of the Pr patient the passage of individual drugs will vary depending on their apparent volumes of CSD degree of protein IB the rates of metabolic conversion and excretion within the placenta and fetus the ph difference between the maternal and fetal fluids and maternal haemodynamic changes drug properties such as lipid solubility protein binding characteristics and ionisation constant pka also influence the placental passage of drugs for weakly basic antiarrhythmic agents the fetal drug concentration may potentially exceed the maternal plasma concentration when the fetal ph is lowered as in the case of fetal acidosis this is due to ion trapping additionally higher free drug concentrations of these basic drugs may exist due to decreased alpha acid glycoprotein concentration and binding afale whose PS of parosmia and parageusia have been relieved following surgical removal of a xanthogranuloma situated in the right lateral IVT previous case reports and rho of symptomatology and pathology are discussed
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a yearold woman with a history of stage iv metastatic melanoma underwent treatment with the ctla blocking agent ipilimumab she presented months after initiating treatment with a severe headache laboratories were consistent with severe hyponatremia mri of the BB revealed enlargement of the pituitary gland enhancement of the infundibulum and an enhancing centrally necrotic foci in the anterior PIT based on the clinical and radiographic findings she was diagnosed with treatmentrelated SIADH siadh effective treatment consisted of fluid restriction hyperosmolar therapy and CS
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to investigate whether endothelina receptors mediate hemodynamic changes caused by exogenous angiotensin ii in humans healthy volunteers on a mmol sodium diet underwent separate paminohippurate and inulinbased renal hemodynamic studies in studies angiotensin ii increasing rates of and ngkg per minute each for minutes was infused either CT or combined with endothelina blocker bq nmolkg per minute a third infusion of bq alone was not followed by any change angiotensin ii infusion CT produced a progressive decrease in renal blood flow mlminx m to p versus baseline and glomerular filtration rate mlminx m to p with increase in FF to p mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance increased markedly to mm hg p and to mm hgmin per liter p respectively with angiotensin iibq MAP pressure still rose to p versus both baseline and bq CT but significantly less than with angiotensin ii alone p renal blood flow to p and glomerular filtration rate to p also changed to a significantly lesser extent than with angiotensin ii CT p for both whereas FF remained unchanged to renal vascular resistance rose only by to p versus baseline as well as versus bq or angiotensin ii alone the results show that endothelin through endothelina receptors contributes substantially to the systemic and renal vasoconstriction of lowdose exogenous angiotensin ii in healthy humans
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the neonatal screening protocol for cystic fibrosis cf is based on a first determination of blood immunoreactive trypsin irt followed by a first level genetic test that includes the worldwide most common mutations of the cystic fibrosis TM conductance regulator cftr gene dna and a second determination of blood immunoreactive trypsin irt this RPA identifies in addition to affected subjects a high proportion of newborns with hypertrypsinaemia at birth in whom only one mutation is identified and who have a negative or BL sweat test and pancreatic sufficiency although it has been suggested that hypertrypsinaemia may be caused by a single cftr mutation whether such neonates should be merely considered as healthy carriers remains a matter of debate as hypertrypsinaemia at birth may be a PSA marker of a cftr malfunction because of a second mild mutation we analyzed by means of an D2 sequencing protocol newborns who tested positive at an irtdnairt screening protocol and in whom only one cftr mutation was found the results obtained demonstrate that of these newborns were also carrying a second mild cftr mutation the high proportion of compound heterozygous subjects combined with the results of a year followup in nine of these subjects all of whom displaying initial cf clinical PS suggest that it may be possible to use the irtdnairt protocol of neonatal screening to identify newborns with atypical forms of cf in view of these findings an extended genetic search for subjects with compound heterozygosity and a periodic clinical assessment should be considered
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combinatorial design is an effective strategy to acquire the optimal solution in complex systems in this study the combined effects of pathway combination promoters strength finetuning copy numbers and integration locus variations caused by δintegration were explored in saccharomyces cerevisiae using geranylgeraniol ggoh production as an example two ggoh biosynthetic pathway branches were constructed in CB ggoh was converted from isopentenyl pyrophosphate ipp and FPP fpp in branch ggoh was derived directly from ipp and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate dmapp regulated by combinations of diverse promoters a fusion gene btserg a rat geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from sulfolobus acidocaldarius ggppssa and an endogenous NT truncated gene hydroxylmethylglutarylcoa reductase isoenzyme thmgr were incorporated into yeast by δintegration leading to a series of ggoh producing strains with yields ranging from mgl to mgl the yield was further increased to mgl by optimizing the fermentation medium consequently the ggoh yield reached mgl in a l fermenter under carbon restriction strategy our study not only opens large opportunities for downstream diterpenes overproductions but also demonstrates that pathway optimization based on combinatorial design is a promising strategy to engineer microbes for overproducing natural products with complex structure
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madindarby canine kidney mdck cells of confluent epithelial sheets grown on permeable supports respond to hyperosmotic stress by short and longterm regulatory volume increase rvi although shortterm rvi includes the uptake of inorganic electrolytes longterm rvi does not and seems therefore to result from accumulation of organic osmolytes
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the hypercholesterolemia characteristic of apolipoprotein apoedeficient mice fed on a regular chow diet is caused by the abnormal accumulation of apobcarrying remnants of chylomicrons and very LD lipoproteins in the plasma treatment of apoedeficient mice with ciprofibrate or other peroxisome proliferatoractivated CD25 agonists severely aggravates their hypercholesterolemia by interfering with one or more mechanisms of remnant removal from the circulation that do not require mediation by apoe fu t kashireddy p and borensztajn j biochem j in the present investigation we report that CIP treatment causes the downregulation of hepatic SR-BI srbi protein expression in the livers of apoedeficient mice on cessation of the treatment srbi expression returns to its pretreatment C2 coinciding with a reversal of the hypercholesterolemia to baseline concentrations restoration of srbi expression in ciprofibratetreated apoedeficient mice by recombinant adenoviral gene transfer abolishes the ciprofibrateinduced over accumulation of apobcarrying remnants in the plasma we also report that remnants isolated from the plasma of ciprofibratetreated apoedeficient mice bind to mu srbi expressed in stably transfected cultured cells these observations suggest that in addition to its well established role as high density lipoprotein receptor srbi can also function as a remnant receptor responsible for the clearance of remnants from the circulation of apoedeficient mice
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cholesterolbearing pullulan chp nanogel is a synthetic degradable biomaterial for drug delivery with high biocompatibility guided bone regeneration gbr is a bone augmentation technique in which a membrane is used to create and keep a secluded regenerative space the purpose of the present T0 was to evaluate the effects of the novel chp nanogel membrane in gbr thirtysix adult wistar rats were used and bilaterally symmetrical fullthickness parietal bone defects of mm diameter were created with a bone trephine burr each defect was covered with the collagen membrane or the chp nanogel membrane or UT without any membrane the animals were sacrificed at and weeks and analysed radiologically and histologically furthermore after incubating human SS with chp nanogel or collagen the amount of pdgf in the serum was measured using elisa new bone formation in terms of bone volume was higher in the nanogel group than in the control or collagen groups at and weeks at weeks both membrane groups showed higher bone volumes than the control group notably the newlyformed bone in the bone defect in the nanogel group was uniform and histologically indistinguishable from the original bone whereas in the collagen group the new bone showed an irregular structure that was CR different from the original bone T3 incubating with chp nanogel the amount of pdgf in the SS decreased significantly chp nanogel gbr membrane favourably stimulated bone regeneration in which a unique characteristic of chp nanogel the storage of endogenous growth factors was likely implicated
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to confirm the accuracy of the thinprep pap test cytyc corp boxborough massachusetts usa on the basis of histologic diagnosis by biopsy and the PCD of human papillomavirus hpv dna in MS
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although nevus sebaceus is known to develop various types of AA neoplasms it rarely causes carcinoma and only cases of AA SC have been reported in this T0 cases of SC arising in nevus sebaceus were collected the clinicopathological features and results of immunohistochemical examinations with adipophilin perilipin and p were summarized SC arising in nevus sebaceous predominantly occurred on the scalp of elderly women mean age years no case was associated with muirtorre syndrome we found several pathological features of sebaceous carcinoma that is made up mainly of germinative cells moderate nuclear atypia without pleomorphism and many mitoses highpower field adipophilin and perilipin antibodies highlighted lipid drops in the cytoplasm of the malignant cells in all cases overexpression of p was seen in all cases in two cases there were coexisting benignlooking sebaceous lesions at the periphery of the main cancer nodule and in these lesions p showed low positivity compared with the clearly malignant area there was cooccurrence of another neoplasm in three cases with trichoblastoma sebaceoma and SCAP respectively all cases were treated by excision of the malignant lesion with or without inclusion of the NS in a followup period of years there was no case of recurrence CL node metastases or distant metastases with these TPS pathological and immunohistochemical findings using adipophilin perilipin and p we have to consider the possibility that there is a tendency to underdiagnose AA sebaceous carcinomas in nevus sebaceus these clinicopathological features of sebaceous carcinomas developing in the NS seem to indicate different biological entities from de novo sebaceous carcinoma
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the holter examinations of subjects aged more than who then underwent dynamic ecg were investigated in order to assess the clinical significance of cardiac arrhythmias in geriatric age group a was formed of patients with no clinical signs of cardiovascular diseases thirtytwo patients with clinical evidence of IC made up group b and with arterial hypertension formed group c the holter examinations were evaluated in accordance with current guidelines considering the basic rhythm heart rate pulse formation and conduction disturbances and SVT and ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias sinus base rhythm was present in most cases whereas atrial fibrillation was noted in a similar percentage in the three groups whether or not cardiovascular disease was present SVT and ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias were extremely common in the elderly and made no discrimination between patients with ischaemic cardiopathy or hypertension and the clinically healthy for example ventricular ART was observed in of group a subjects in of group b and of group c to conclude the clinical significance of HR rhythm changes in the elderly remains obscure because in most subjects they are not related to the presence of cardiovascular disease
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the parenteral administration of a single dose of methylcholanthrene to rats caused an increase in the liver of the concentration of camp and of the activity of campdependent protein kinase atpprotein PTS ec these events were followed by an increased activity of ODC Orn carboxylase ec the enzyme that controls the biosynthesis of PAs finally the activity of benzoapyrene hydroxylase as well as the amount of cytochrome p was increased similarly after the administration of phenobarbital there was first an increase in the camp concentration and in the activity of campdependent protein kinase then the induction of ornithine decarboxylase and finally an enhanced activity of EM ndemethylase and an increased content of cytochrome p these data suggest that the druginduced processes in CL that increase the MICs of the oxidative and presumably other drugmetabolizing enzymes include the following CS of events increase in camp concentration andor activation of campdependent protein kinase induction of ornithine decarboxylase and induction of DME
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anthranilic acid ana and hydroxyanthranilic acid hana have attracted considerable attention as two of the ltryptophan kynurenine pathway metabolites in the CNS system in this study a highly CS and accurate method for the quantification of ana and hana has been developed using RP high performance liquid chromatography hplc with fluorimetric PCD the hplc assay was carried out using a c column microm x mm id the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of mm sodiumacetic acid buffer ph and methanol vv fluorimetric PCD at lambdaex nm and lambdaem nm was used the assay was applied to the measurement of ana and hana acid in rat brain dialysate following administration of ltryptophan or lkynurenine hana and ana levels were progressively increased during min following administration of ltryptophan then decreased progressively to basal levels hana levels were significantly higher than ana C2 after lkynurenine administration these findings suggest that the assay developed should provide an improved means for investigation of neurobiology of KP
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the DP of creb phosphorylation was investigated in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus min or h after ip i.t. of dopamine or nmda receptor agonists alone or in combination with antagonists ten minutes T3 B6 j mice were injected with either the dopamine d receptor agonist skf hydrobromide or nmda immunoreactivity of phosphorylated creb pcreb was significantly increased in all parts of the caudate nucleus but not in HPC regions however h after the injection of skf pcreb C2 in the Cd nucleus did not differ significantly from the pcreb C2 in control animals whereas pcreb C2 were still elevated h after nmda injection except for the d receptor antagonist sch which induced creb phosphorylation in the Cd nucleus dopamine and nmda receptor antagonists had little effect on pcreb levels by themselves however the nmda receptor antagonist cgs injected ip blocked both the nmda and skfinduced rise of pcreb C2 in the Cd nucleus similarly the d receptor antagonist sch inhibited the effects produced by skf or nmda interestingly the d receptor antagonist sulpiride also blocked the skftriggered rise of pcreb the results demonstrated that nmda and dopamine receptors modulate pcreb levels in the caudate nucleus and suggest mutual permissive roles for both receptors
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certain naturally occurring antibodies stimulate alternative complement pathway cb deposition we propose that only those EA stimulate alternative complement pathway which have an affinity for c their weak binding to c in plasma increases the probability that covalently linked cbigg complexes are formed during c activation such complexes are known to be much more efficient than B6 in mediating positive FB of c activation since they are more SD against inactivation by factor i and h the hypothesis is supported by functional properties of naturally occurring antibodies to EA band protein their ability to stimulate alternative complement pathway cb deposition increases the potency of these low titer antibodies as opsonins
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hypothermia is known to improve neurological recovery of animals and humans exposed to HI hi injury however the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia are only partially understood including decreased excitotoxicity and apoptosis and suppressed inflammation there are few studies about the hypothermic effects on ai and oligodendrocyte ol lineage degeneration which are important components of neonatal brain injuries that cause cognitive disability we hypothesized that mild HT would reduce ai and increase myelination in the hippocampus after hi we performed left i.c. ligation followed by oxygen for h in dayold rats animals were divided into a hypothermic group rectal temperature °c for h and a normothermic group °c for h immediately after hi animals were sacrificed at and days for immunohistochemistry or western blot analysis we detected neuron loss by microtubuleassociated protein labeling and ai by nonphosphorylated neurofilament smi with neurofilament nf double IF we examined early ol progenitors by ab or ng preoligodendrocytes preols by o and mature ols by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase cnpase and glutathione stransferase gstpi staining apoptosis was studied by active ICE HT was associated with a significant elevation of SN and axons in the hippocampal ca region T3 hi early ol progenitors ab were elevated but preols o and AS caspase were dramatically reduced in the hypothermic rat BB further T0 showed that the apoptotic rate of preols caspaseoo was markedly att by hypothermic treatment compared to normothermic animals the immunoreactivity of cnpase and gstpi and the protein level of the BP significantly increased in the hippocampus of hypothermiatreated rat BB axonal myelination also increased in hypothermic animals which were tested by BP and nf double IF and electron microscopy these results showed that hypothermia reduced hi damage to axons and ol myelination coincided with increased early ol progenitor proliferation and decreased preol accumulation and apoptosis this study suggested new aspects that may contribute to elucidate the mechanism of hypothermic neuroprotection in neonatal rat BB
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american ginseng panax quinquefolius l is an important herb that is cultivated in china north american and south korea it is propagated from seed but the seed has deep dormancy characteristics described as morphophysiological dormancy twostage temperature stratification a warm °c and cold °c stratification period of months has been used successfully for seed dormancy PR however little is known about the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy PR in the stratification process in this T0 seed OD after pollination and seed development in the dormancy release process were investigated in american ginseng the transcriptome during seed dormancy PR was analyzed using rnaseq technology and unigenes mean length bp were generated based on similarity searches of public databases of the unigenes were functionally annotated further three digital gene expression dge libraries were sequenced and differences in gene expression at three stages during seed cold stratification were examined the greatest number of differentially expressed genes occurred in the dcs versus dcs libraries while the lowest number of differentially expressed genes occurred in the dcs verus dcs libraries go enrichment analysis revealed that and go terms were significantly EC in the biological process molecular function and cell component go categories respectively there were genes with kegg pathway annotation in the three dge libraries and their enrichment pathways were compared the gene expressions of selected unigenes were validated using QPCR this study is the first to provide the transcriptome sequences for seed dormancy PR in american ginseng and demonstrates the successful use of dge profiling data for analyzing transcriptomic variation during dormancy PR these data provide a basis for future researches of seed dormancy in morphophysiological dormancy seeds in nonmodel plants
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in lifespan studies C1 withingroup heterogeneity with regard to behavioral and neuronal data is observed this casts doubt on the validity of groupstatisticsbased approaches to understand agerelated changes on cognitive and neural C2 recent progress in braincomputer interface research demonstrates the potential of machine learning techniques to derive reliable personspecific models representing brain behavior mappings the present study now proposes a supervised learning RPA to derive personspecific models for the identification and quantification of interindividual differences in oscillatory eeg responses related to working memory selection and maintenance mechanisms in a heterogeneous lifespan sample eeg data were used to discriminate different levels of WM load and the focus of visual attention we demonstrate that our approach leads to personspecific models with better discrimination performance compared to CP personnonspecific models we show how these models can be interpreted both on an individual as well as on a group level one of the key findings is that with regard to the time dimension the betweenperson variance of the obtained personspecific models is smaller in older than in younger adults this is contrary to what we expected because of increased behavioral and neuronal heterogeneity in older adults
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AO autosomaldominant leukodystrophy adld is a progressive and fatal neurological disorder characterized by early autonomic dysfunction cognitive impairment PT and cerebellar dysfunction and VWM loss in the CNS system adld is caused by duplication of the lmnb gene which results in increased lamin b transcripts and protein expression how duplication of lmnb leads to myelin defects is unknown to address this question we developed a mouse MM of adld that overexpresses lamin b these mice exhibited cognitive impairment and epilepsy followed by agedependent motor deficits selective overexpression of lamin b in oligodendrocytes also resulted in marked motor deficits and myelin defects suggesting these deficits are cell autonomous proteomic and genomewide transcriptome studies indicated that lamin b overexpression is associated with downregulation of proteolipid protein a highly abundant myelin sheath component that was previously linked to another myelinrelated disorder pelizaeusmerzbacher disease furthermore we found that lamin b overexpression leads to reduced occupancy of yin yang transcription factor at the promoter region of proteolipid protein these studies identify a mechanism by which lamin b overexpression mediates oligodendrocyte cellautonomous neuropathology in adld and implicate lamin b as an important regulator of myelin formation and maintenance during aging
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alagille syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with characteristic findings of paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts congenital heart disease and vertebral ocular and renal abnormalities we present a unique autopsy case of an yearold female with alagille syndrome and splenic hamartomas autopsy findings included growth restriction tetralogy of fallot paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts endstage renal disease with mesangiolipidosis and splenomegaly with two wellcircumscribed splenic PT histologic findings of the splenic PT revealed disorganized V1 channels lined by cells without cytologic atypia IHC demonstrated cdcd EC cells consistent with splenic hamartomas in summary alagille syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by jag mutations and disrupted notch signaling review of the literature highlights the importance of notch signaling in vascular development and disorders however to our knowledge this is the first description of splenic hamartomas in alagille syndrome
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the effect of repetitive pulsed xray ns PP duration kv accelerating voltage ka electron beam current on the antioxidant enzyme activity in mouse CL mitochondria has been investigated the mitochondrial suspension was exposed to single PP xray radiation with TR rates ranging between and pps pulsed dose was x gypulse the total absorbed dose following a single SE was x gy it was shown that a shorttime SE to xray radiation changes the antioxidant enzyme activity in mouse liver mitochondria the greatest effect was observed in the changes of the activity of the metalcontaining enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase the effect depends on the pulse repetition frequency and radiation dose
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in of patients with nonacute slipped capital femoral epiphysis the slip was visualized by ultrasound the mean epiphyseal MSD was mm measured on an anterior ultrasound scan grading of slip severity by ultrasound was consistent with the radiographic assessment two patients had a moderate hip joint effusion which did not affect the final outcome whereas one patient with an acute slip had a pronounced effusion and CN of the epiphysis occurred the anteversion angles of the affected hips were reduced as compared to those of the normal hips it was concluded that ultrasonography was reliable in detecting pronounced and mild degrees of epiphyseal slips whereas minimal slips could be missed the PCD of hip effusion is important because a tamponade may cause V1 impairment of the epiphysis unless aspirated
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in vitro reassembled aggregates of cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan were studied by glycerol sprayingrotary shadowing electron microscopy and compared to the corresponding native ie never dissociated structures in both cases a tightly packed CE filament structure was observed consisting of the hyaluronate IB region habr of the proteoglycan link protein lp and hyaluronate ha this differs from earlier results where a discontinuous central filament structure was seen T3 spreading proteoglycan aggregates at a waterair interphase binding of isolated habr to ha is random but upon addition of link protein a clustering of the habinding proteins is observed indicating a cooperativity in a fully saturated aggregate the ha is covered by a continuous protein shell consisting of habr and lp when added in amounts below saturation habr and lp bind to the ha in clusters which are interrupted by free strands of ha the proteoglycan aggregate is thus an example for a structure where a polysaccharide forms a template for a supramolecular assembly largely stabilized by proteinprotein interactions
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proliferation and migration of vascular smoothmuscle cells vsmcs are essential events in neointimal hyperplasia recent findings that AS oxygen species induce prooncogene expression and stimulate vsmc dna synthesis and cell division suggest that AOS may play an important role in intimal proliferation T3 arterial injury to determine how the redox state of the i.a. was altered by injury the C2 of thiobarbituricacidreactive substances tbars markers of lipid oxidation and glutathione peroxidase gshpx the enzyme responsible for the production of glutathione a major intracellular antioxidant were measured in the rat aorta T3 BI there was an inverse relationship between the level of tbars which increased significantly to a maximum greater than normal at days T3 injury p n and the activity of gshpx which decreased significantly to a minimum less than normal at days after injury p n to determine whether maintaining a more reduced vessel environment would inhibit intimal proliferation lcysteine was po by intraperitoneal injection from days before to days after balloon injury at days after the arterial injury the aorta was harvested for histological and morphometric measurements of tbars and gshpx at and days T3 BI the aorta was harvested for hthymidine incorporation studies tau of therapy was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the level of tbars and an increase in the activity of gshpx p vs the control group n in the lcysteine group all parameters of intimal proliferation were significantly reduced compared to the controls including the I/M vs p the crosssectional area of the neointima compared to mm p coverage of the internal elastic lamina by the neointima compared to p and hthymidine incorporation at days vs cpmmg tissue p at days vs cpmmg tissue p these results demonstrate dynamic alterations in the vessel redox state after arterial injury and suggest that maintaining a more reduced environment eg administration of lcysteine will reduce intimal proliferation after arterial injury
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we have recently demonstrated that application of mustard oil mo a smallfiber excitant and inflammatory irritant to the rat maxillary molar tooth pulp induces CE sensitization that is reflected in changes in spontaneous activity mechanoreceptive field rf size mechanical activation threshold and responses to graded mechanical stimuli applied to the neuronal rf in TG brainstem subnucleus caudalis and subnucleus oralis the aim of this T0 was to test whether central sensitization can be induced in nociceptive neurons of the posterior thalamus by mo application to the pulp single unit neuronal activity was recorded in the ventroposterior medial nucleus vpm or po po of the thalamus in anesthetized rats and nociceptive SN were classified as wide dynamic range wdr or nociceptivespecific ns mo application to the pulp was studied in thalamic nociceptive neurons and found to excite over of the vpm neurons tested and to produce significant longlasting over min increases in spontaneous activity cutaneous pinch rf size and responses to graded mechanical stimuli and a decrease in threshold in the ns neurons tested a smaller but statistically sigustice matter research has demonstrated that the number of exhibitionists who are detected reoffending is a significant underrepresentation of the number who actually reoffend the objective of this T0 was to extend a previous study conducted on exhibitionists while attempting to solve the limitations described in that T0 two hundred eight exhibitionists were assessed at a university teaching hospital between and archival data were derived from police and medical files results indicated that over a mean followup period of years and percent of exhibitionists were charged with or convicted of sexual violent or criminal offenses respectively undoubtedly this is an underrepresentation of the true rate as we have no way of knowing how many exhibitionists reoffended and did not get caught nevertheless in the present investigation sexual recidivists compared with nonrecidivists were less educated scored higher on the michigan alcohol screening test mast the psychopathy checklist revised pclr and the pedophile index violent recidivists were also less educated and scored higher on the mast pclr and the pedophile index and had accumulated a greater number of prior violent or criminal charges andor convictions criminal recidivists were less educated scored higher on the mast bussdurkee hostility inventory bdhi pclr and pedophile index and had accumulated a greater number of prior sexual violent and criminal offenses finally the handson sexual recidivists accumulated a greater number of prior violent and criminal charges and or convictions than did the handsoff sexual recidivists
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using a new CS RP-HPLC CA relying on uv detection at nm the capacity of human CL microsomal samples to support nadphdependent cytochrome pmediated oxidation and arachidonic aciddependent oxidation of the enantiomers of transdihydroxydihydrobenzoapyrene bapdhd was determined the rrenantiomer the preferred substrate of cytochrome p formed diolepoxide antiisomer rsdihydroxysrepoxytetrahydrobenzoapyrene measured as derived alcohols and the ssenantiomer formed diolepoxide synisomer srdihydroxysrepoxytetrahydrobenzoapyrene arachidonic acidsupported oxidations gave approximately diolepoxide from each enantiomer the involvement of different sets of cytochrome p isozymes was supported by incubations in the presence of alphanaphthoflavone alphanf microm and correlation studies in the absence of alphanf a positive correlation was found between the metabolism of the enantiomer but not the isomer of bapdhd and the relative content of pia in the presence of alphanf the piiia content correlated positively with the metabolism of both the enantiomer and the enantiomer gestodene microm inhibited the alphanfstimulated metabolism confirming the involvement of cytochrome piiia no difference was found between the extent of AA acidsupported peroxyl radicalmediated metabolism of the and enantiomers of bapdhd the metabolism was almost completely abolished by microm butylatedhydroxyanisole and microm nordihydroguaiaretic acid confirming the free radical nature of the reaction
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we have used measurements of intestinal epithelial cell kinetics and counts of intraepithelial lymphocytes and mucosal mast cells to measure small intestinal mucosal changes during the proliferative and recovery phases of graftvshost reaction in neonatal mice unirradiated cba x balbcf mice were injected with parental SP cells or with SC medium at days of age and followed up for wk thereafter the SP index was used as a measure of the graftvshost reaction a stathmokinetic technique with microdissection was used to measure villus and crypt lengths and crypt cell production rate and intraepithelial lymphocytes and mucosal mast cells were counted in histologic sections intraepithelial lymphocyte count rose within h of induction of the graftvshost reaction and increases in crypt length and in crypt cell production rate occurred within days these indices exactly parallel the SP index during the proliferative phase of the graftvshost reaction and the changes occurred in the absence of any villus damage mucosal mast cell numbers also increased but the rise was delayed and sustained when compared with other mucosal changes these results show that measurements of mucosal architecture and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts can be used to quantify mucosal cellmediated immune reactions in addition this T0 provides further evidence to support our hypothesis that the mechanism of these changes is due to a delayedtype HSR in the intestinal mucosa rather than to the action of Tc lymphocytes
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a yearold male patient began to develop schizophrenialike PS and slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia he was cm tall and he had mild frontal baldness psychiatrically he was aconative only willing to do nothing all day long after admission he had neither hallucinations nor delusions and his mental acuity was normal neurological examination revealed positive cerebellar signs including clumsiness in fnt and kht and dysdiadochokinesis he could neither stand up nor walk because of ataxia the BB mri showed severe CA with normal basal ganglia his eeg and the value of ncv were within normal range whereas ERG showed a notable abnormality pointing to the extremely small bwave resulting in a negative shape of the erg although he was eating sufficiently the level of SI and ferritin remained constantly low the serum copper level was within normal range whereas the SS ceruloplasmin level was mildly decreased a hepatic biopsy indicated no accumulation of copper or iron this case suggests the importance of the investigation of the SI and ceruloplasmin C2 in patients who have cerebellar degeneration with psychosis
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the longterm sequelae on kidney function and blood pressure of renal shock wave treatment were studied in normotensive wistar rats contralaterally nephrectomized wistar rats and BL hypertensive fhybrids bred from SHRSP rats and wistarkyoto rats renal shock wave treatment raised arterial blood pressure in BL hypertensive but not in normotensive rats a concomitant impairment of ipsilateral renal function or perfusion was not seen despite macroscopic and microscopic evidence of a loss of functioning parenchyma we conclude that extracorporeal shock wave treatment by way of its detrimental effects on the kidney has the potential to provoke arterial hypertension in rats provided that a genetic predisposition exists
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the robustness of convolution voltammetry for determining accurate values of the diffusivity d bulk concentration B6 and stoichiometric number of electrons n has been demonstrated by applying the technique to a series of electrode reactions in molecular solvents and room temperature ionic liquids rtils in acetonitrile the relatively minor contribution of nonfaradaic current facilitates analysis with macrodisk electrodes thus moderate scan rates can be used without the need to perform background subtraction to quantify the diffusivity of iodide d ± à cm s in this solvent in the rtil ethylmethylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide BG subtraction is necessary at a macrodisk electrode but can be avoided at a microdisk electrode thereby simplifying the analytical procedure and allowing the diffusivity of iodide d ± à cm s to be quantified use of a convolutive procedure which simultaneously allows d and ncb values to be determined is also demonstrated three conditions under which a technique of this kind may be applied are explored and are related to electroactive species which display slow dissolution kinetics undergo a single multielectron transfer step or contain multiple noninteracting redox centers using Fc in an rtil dinitrotetramethylbenzene and an alkynylruthenium trimer respectively as examples the results highlight the advantages of convolution voltammetry over steadystate techniques such as rotating disk electrode voltammetry and microdisk electrode voltammetry as it is not restricted by the mode of diffusion planar or radial hence removing limitations on solvent viscosity electrode geometry and voltammetric scan rate
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the potassiumsparing diuretic amiloride has been shown to inhibit the naca exchange system in various S9 the effects of this drug have been investigated on the contractions of guineapig aortic strips elicited by reduction of external k by addition of ouabain and by removal of [Na+]o amiloride x m x m inhibited the mechanical responses when it was added before giving the stimulus for contractions but was not effective in relaxing the contracted strips the drug shifted to the RA the doseresponse curve for ca in low k solution the calcium antagonist diltiazem had no effect on the ouabain low k and nafreeinduced contractions amiloride decreased the rate of relaxation of aortic strips induced by removal of the low k solution the pattern of amiloride action on ouabain low k and nafreeinduced contractions suggests that the drug interferes with ca influx the effect of amiloride on the EC50 rate of low kcontracted aortic strips is consistent with an interference with ca efflux it is suggested that amiloride prevents ca fluxes through the naca exchange system of guineapig aortic strips
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independent of the design of the life cycle of any insect their growth and reproduction are highly choreographed through the action of two versatile hormones ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones jh however the means by which jh can target tissues and exert its pleiotropic physiological effects is currently still not CR elucidated although the identity of the one jh receptor is currently still elusive recent evidence seems to point to the product of the methoprenetolerant gene met as the most likely contender in transducing the action of jh studies on the role of this transcription factor have mostly been focused on immature insect stages in this study we used the viviparous cockroach diploptera punctata a favorite MM in studying jh endocrinology to examine the role of met during reproduction a tissue distribution and developmental profile of transcript levels was determined for met and its downstream partners during the first gonadotropic cycle of this CR using rna interference our T0 shows that silencing met results in an arrest of basal oocyte development vitellogenin is no longer transcribed in the fat body and no longer taken up by the ovary patency is not induced in these animals which fail to produce the characteristic profile of jh biosynthesis typical of the first GTH cycle moreover the ultrastructure of the follicle cells showed conspicuous whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a failure to form chorion our study describes the role of met on a cellular and physiological level during insect reproduction and confirms the role of met as a key factor in the jh signaling pathway
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C1 cardioactive peptide lcp heatstable mol wt greater than or equal to occurs in the ventricle and cns and in high concentrations in the auricle the lcp haemolymph concentrations in fed animals are ca times higher than those in starved snails the excitatory effects of lcp on auricle IVT and oesophagus are similar to those of some putative neurotransmitters lcp has no effects on the penis retractor muscle its effects on the auricle are much more prolonged than those of the transmitters it is suggested that lcp is a neurohormone which is transported to the auricle via the nervus intestinalis and released in response to feeding stimuli
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the notion that plants use specialized metabolism to protect against environmental stresses needs to be experimentally proven by addressing the question of whether AS tolerance by specialized metabolism is directly due to metabolites such as flavonoids we report that flavonoids with radical scavenging activity mitigate against oxidative and drought stress in arabidopsis thaliana metabolome and transcriptome profiling and experiments with oxidative and drought stress in wildtype single overexpressors of mybpfg production of flavonol glycosides or mybpap production of anthocyanin pigment double overexpressors of myb and pap transparent testa tt as a flavonoiddeficient mutant and flavonoiddeficient myb or pap overexpressing lines obtained by crossing tt and the individual myb overexpressor demonstrated that flavonoid overaccumulation was key to enhanced tolerance to such stresses antioxidative activity assays using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl MV and diaminobenzidine clearly showed that anthocyanin overaccumulation with strong in vitro antioxidative activity mitigated the accumulation of ROS species in vivo under oxidative and drought AS these data confirm the usefulness of flavonoids for enhancing both biotic and abiotic AS tolerance in crops
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platelets G1 with thrombin release bactericidal factors we studied the role of the susceptibility of VS to these bactericidal AF in the development of IE ie by using the exp endocarditis rabbit model the initial adherence and the development of ie were assessed for viridans streptococcal strains differing in their susceptibilities to releasate material released from thrombinactivated platelets six strains were susceptible and four strains were resistant to these releasates the numbers of vegetations vgs colonized at min and h T3 intravenous challenge with cfu were determined at min after challenge significantly more vgs were colonized with bacteria of the six platelet releasatesusceptible strains than with bacteria of the four releasateresistant strains p in the releasatesusceptible group of strains the number of colonized vgs decreased significantly between min and h T3 intravenous inoculation p such a decrease was not observed with the releasateresistant strains as a result the final developments of ie due to releasatesusceptible and resistant strains were not significantly different the releasatesusceptible CS and the releasateresistant CS were selected for more detailed experiments rabbits were killed at and min and and h after inoculation the number of culturepositive vgs as well as the number of Ad bacteria on the individual vgs were determined the infective dose for each CS was cfu at low inoculum concentrations and cfu a larger proportion of the inoculated bacteria of both strains was found to be Ad on vgs than at higher challenge doses the number of culturepositive vgs as well as the number of adherent bacteria per vg decreased rapidly in the first min after challenge with CS but not after challenge with CS additional experiments with the PLT releasatesusceptible CS s and the PLT releasateresistant stain s confirmed the data obtained with strains and and indicated that releasatesusceptible strains disappeared from the vgs with time whereas releasatesusceptible strains persisted in vitro studies with vgs excised min T3 challenge with stain or showed that clearance of the releasatesusceptible CS was not caused by complement bactericidal activity or surface phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells bacterial cells of CS adherent on excised vtgs were rapidly cleared by exposure to fresh clotting blood or to releasates from thrombinstimulated PLT suspensionabstract truncated at words
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felbamate is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug recently introduced into clinical practice for controlling seizures in patients affected by lennoxgastaut epilepsy CPSs or otherwise intractable epilepsies however the cellular mechanisms by which the drug exerts its anticonvulsant actions are not fully understood the aim of the present article is to outline the possible mechanisms of action of felbamate as suggested by findings obtained with EP approaches
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angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors aceis are an important class of drugs in cardiovascular disease as their name suggests they act by blocking angiotensin CE thereby limiting the production of angiotensin ii the most AS component of the reninangiotensin aldosterone system this system plays an important role in maintenance of blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid balance therefore by blocking this system the aceis have wide ranging effects recent trials have reaffirmed their place in the management of hypertension congestive cardiac failure in the prevention of renal complications in diabetes and the prevention of strokes in at risk patients there are still many ongoing trials using the aceis these trials are mainly aimed at comparing their tau with older drugs such as betablockers and newer drugs such as the angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium antagonists in different indications such as HF and diabetic nephropathy the impact of these drugs on the prevention of macro and micro V1 complications in diabetes is also being investigated the results of all these trials when available are expected to reaffirm the important role of this class of drugs in our modern day medical armamentarium in this review the ongoing PCTs involving aceis the rationale behind these trials and what impact they hope to have on our current understanding of the role of this important class of drug in medical practice will be discussed
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although worry about recurrence is a persistent concern among breast cancer survivors little is known about physicians confidence about presenting recurrence risk information identifying women with considerable worry and helping women manage worry
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a report is presented on biochemical studies of the fibroblasts from a yearold man with fabrys disease whose clinical picture was atypical the patient had severe pain in the extremities but no angiokeratomas corneal clouding or hypohidrosis the trihexosylceramidase activity in the fibroblasts in vitro was deficient the level and km value of the residual activity were similar to levels seen in typical fabrys patients however fibroblasts from the patient cultured in medium supplemented with hceramide trihexoside hydrolyzed the labeled ceramide trihexoside much higher than did cells from typical fabrys patients implying that the patient has a partial defect in hydrolysis of trihexosylceramide in cultured fibroblasts
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the antiviral drug ribavirin rbv is widely used in combination with interferon ifn in the treatment of chronic HC virus hcv infection a L1 side effect of rbv is a reversible hemolytic anemia we have evaluated the in vitro effects of rbv on EA adenosine triphosphate atp content and on hexosemonophosphate shunt hms the atp levels were significantly decreased in the presence of rbv and the hms was increased suggesting the presence of red cell susceptibility to oxidation in vivo we have studied the hematologic effects of treatment with rbv alone or in combination with ifn in patients with chronic hepatitis c were treated with rbv mgd and were treated with a combination of rbv and ifn million u thrice weekly patients were studied at semimonthly intervals from to day of therapy both treatments were associated with a significant reduction in hemoglobin C2 Css level at day and a marked increase in absolute reticulocyte counts erythrocyte nak pump activity was significantly diminished whereas kcl cotransport and its dithiotreitolsensitive fraction MDA and methemoglobin C2 were significantly increased rbvtreated patients showed an increase in aggregated band which was associated with a significantly increased IB of autologous antibodies and complement c fragments indicating an erithrophagocytic removal by reticuloendothelial system
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it has been suggested from studies of a rabbit MM of fulminant hepatic failure that HE might be related to an increase in brain GABA acid uptake through a more permeable bloodbrain barrier leading to an overactivity of BB GABA acidmediated inhibitory neurotransmission five CG of dogs were studied normal dogs dogs with AA biliary cirrhosis without and with hepatic HIVE and PCS dogs without and with hepatic encephalopathy BB gammaaminobutyric acid and SU uptake was investigated using the multiple indicator dilution curve technique in unanesthetized dogs tracer doses of mtclabeled Al extracellular reference substance hlabeled gammaaminobutyric acid and clabeled sucrose prepared in autologous dog plasma were injected in one carotid i.a. and dorsal sagittal sinus dilution curves were obtained uptake was calculated by comparing the Az under the mtclabeled Al and the hgammaaminobutyric acid or csucrose curves from appearance to PH T3 killing BB gammaaminobutyric acid C2 were measured in the frontal SC by highperformance liquid chromatography and glu decarboxylase MICs using a radioenzymatic CA BB gammaaminobutyric acid postsynaptic receptors were assessed using hmuscimol IB studies there were no significant changes in cirrhotic and shunted dogs with or without HE with regard to BB GABA acid and sucrose uptake BB GABA acid C2 and glu decarboxylase activities hmuscimol binding studies did not show any changes in the number nor in the affinity of postsynaptic GABA acid receptorsabstract truncated at words
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a particular AT1 of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigmented epitheliopathy apmppe different from the classical gass description is presented a year old woman who suffered a sudden decrease in visual acuity associated to bilateral serous retinal detachment concurrent with anterior uveitis is studied we remark the fact that patient had been using contraceptives and antibiotics norfloxacin for the past two months prior to first visit one month later visual acuity does not show any REC a corticosteroid treatment is prescribed showing improvement
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the ERP membrane capacity ceff of the xenopus egg has been measured integrating the membrane current transients in response to small voltageclamp pulses before activation ceff has a value of se microfcm apparent surface area eggs from females and is essentially constant over the voltage range between and mv during artificial activation of the eggs by pricking or by addition of ca ionophore a ceff increases by about in min and then slowly decreases returning to near the initial value in min electron microscopic observations of the egg surface at different times reveal that the capacity time course parallels the changes in plasma membrane area due to cortical granule exocytosis and to a later reduction of microvillar extension simultaneous measurements of capacity and conductance show that the capacity changes are slower and delayed in comparison with the transient OD of the GCl responsible for the activation potential in cotreated eggs the cortical granule exocytosis is prevented and correspondingly the transient capacity increase is strongly reduced or absent but the OD of the chloride conductance remains normal this technique gives a method to electrophysiologically monitor the cortical granule exocytosis moreover our results show that the exocytotic process can be blocked without affecting the Gm changes
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immunostimulatory therapies targeting immunesuppressive pathways produce durable responses in T3 solid tumors indoleamine dioxygenase ido is the ratelimiting oxidoreductase that catalyzes the Kd of tryptophan to kynurenine ido induces immune tolerance by downregulating cd and effector cd t cell responses ido the most AS isoform is expressed in diverse RT types and can be targeted using small molecule inhibitors we used an objective in situ assay to measure ido in a collection of hormone receptorpositive breast cancers hr bc
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twentyseven patients with refractory LM from CC took part in a phase ii study of the CS infusion technology litx lightactivated drugdevice system to assess safety and evaluate time to tumor progression ttp
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little research has examined how or if involuntary commitment has impacted on the burden experienced by the family this paper reports a qualitative study which explored how involuntary commitment under the mental health act mha in queensland australia impacted on families of people with mental illness family members of a person with a mental illness under involuntary commitment at the time or in the previous months participated in focus CG thematic analysis was used to determine the themes it was apparent from the views of the family that the use of the involuntay effect of nab on the nhe promoter was reduced by in the presence of ifngammatnfalpha mutually the repressive effect of these cytokines was att by nab knockdown of sp and sp expression with si rna sirna resulted in a significant resistance to nab effects nab treatment showed no effect on sp and sp protein expression as assessed by western blot analyses gel mobility shift assays with nuclear proteins from nabtreated cells showed enhanced IB of sp and sp to the nhe promoter the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid nm blocked the stimulatory effect of nab on the nhe promoter nab effects on the nhe promoter were significantly att by protein phosphatase ppalpha and ppaalphaspecific sirna transfection our data suggest that the differential regulation of nhe gene expression by nab and ifngammatnfalpha is mediated through alternative pathways that converge on spsp
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effects of acetazolamide on primidone plasma C2 were studied in three patients apparent interaction occurred in two patients primidone was not detected in the plasma when given orally with acetazolamide in one patient in another peak serum concentration was delayed with corresponding delays in urinary excretion of PRM and metabolites plasma and urine concentrations of the two metabolites phenylethylmalonamide and phenobarbital were also studied
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acne is a disease of the hair follicles of the face chest and back that affects almost all teenagers during puberty this T0 is conducted to investigate if alltrans retinoic acid atra could reduce sebum excretion rate ser in acne patients by influencing content of skinsurface lipid production thirtynine patients with forehead acne were topically treated with cream base VH and atra cream once a night for days separation and ID of sebum production collected from the skin on the acne were performed using TLC ser was calculated according to the total amount of individual sebum productions that were quantified by using alphaimager is imaging analysis our data showed that the value of ser on the acneaffected skin was significantly decreased in the atratreated patients as compared with ones treated with vehicle p treatment with atra resulted in inducing significant decreases in the contents of wax esters we triglycerides and fatty acids and free fatty acids ffa productions all p in further analysis the changes in the data before and after treatments with VH and atra were compared with significant differences exhibited in the values of ser we and ffa all p this T0 indicates that the topical application of atra in treatment of acne patients induces decrease in ser by inhibiting the excretion of we and ffa productions
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since tans review of cognitive and cognitivebehavioral methods for pain control was published years ago significant advances have been made in CBT for pain the scientific evidence for its tau for clinical pain attenuation is now much more substantial and is briefly reviewed in particular CB therapy for CP was recently listed as one of empirically validated or supported psychological treatments available for various disorders a number of emerging issues are further discussed in CS of recent developments and research findings the relationship of cognitivebehavioral therapy to hypnosis for pain control is briefly addressed with suggestions for integrating hypnotic and CB techniques
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the NPY oxytocin is importantly implicated in the emergence and maintenance of MB that forms the basis of the motherinfant bond however no research has yet examined the specific association between maternal oxytocin and maternal gaze a key modality through which the mother makes social contact and engages with her infant furthermore prior oxytocin studies have assessed maternal engagement primarily during episodes free of infant distress while maternal engagement during infant distress is considered to be uniquely relevant to the formation of secure motherinfant att two patterns of maternal gaze maternal gaze toward and gaze shifts away from the infant were microcoded while mothers interacted with their monthold infants during a modified stillface procedure maternal oxytocin response was defined as a change from baseline in the mothers plasma oxytocin level following interaction with her infant the mothers oxytocin response was positively associated with the duration of time her gaze was directed toward her infant while negatively associated with the frequency with which her gaze shifted away from her infant importantly mothers who showed lowaverage oxytocin response demonstrated a significant decrease in their infant gaze during periods of infant distress while such NC was not observed in mothers with high oxytocin response the findings underscore the involvement of oxytocin in regulating the mothers responsive engagement with her infant particularly in times when the infants need for access to the mother is greatest this article is part of a special issue entitled oxytocin and social behav
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west nile virus wnv a mosquitotransmitted singlestranded rna ssrna flavivirus causes human disease of VL severity we investigated tolllike receptor deficient tlr and myeloid differentiation factor deficient myd mice which both have defective recognition of ssrna and found increased viremia and susceptibility to lethal wnv infection despite increased tissue concentrations of most innate cytokines cd leukocytes and cdb macrophages failed to home to wnvinfected cells and infiltrate into target organs of tlr mice tlr mice and macrophages had reduced interleukin il and il responses after wnv infection and mice deficient in il p and il p ilb or il p ila but not il p ila responded similarly to tlr mice with increased susceptibility to lethal wnv encephalitis collectively these results demonstrate that tlr and ildependent wnv responses represent a vital host defense mechanism that operates by affecting immune cell homing to infected taexperience and the hair cannot always be correctly attributed to an individual the goal of this T0 was to develop an objective nondnacontaminative pooling method for hair to this end the efficacy of spectral imaging as a method of obtaining informationbeyond that obtained from a purely microscopic and morphological approachfor the ID of individuals was investigated three hairs each from test persons female male were examined with a spectracubesystem and a light microscope six spectra were calculated for each hair and the hairs from each individual were not only compared to each other but also to those of the other individuals from a forensic vantage the examination showed in particular that individuals whose hair could not be distinguished on the basis of morphology could also not be accurately distinguished with the spectracube the intraindividual differences were in part greater than the interindividual differences altogether the study shows that a persons hair color as perceived is composed of many naturally different individual colors
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ovarian CC carcinoma often shows stromal hyalinization the main constituents of hyalinization are basement membrane materials including laminin and type iv collagen although it is known that CC carcinoma cells produce these materials it remains unclear whether they can form hyalinized stroma by themselves or if cooperation with stromal cells is required in the present T0 we first reviewed surgical specimens for the DP of early hyalinization it occurred either in a globulelike pattern or in a circumferential pattern in the former compact hyaline globules abruptly appeared within tumor cell aggregates in the latter hyalinized materials appeared around the preceding spherulelike mucoid spaces among tumor cells in either pattern hyalinization is most likely to begin in the ICS among tumor cells where stromal cells rarely intervene to verify this ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines jhoc and hac were analyzed in vitro each cell line was monocultured in suspension if any deposition occurred in floating multicellular aggregates it should be in the intercellular spaces deposition of type iv collagen occurred in a globulelike DP jhoc or a circumferential pattern hac within multicellular aggregates and it developed into a structure comparable with the hyalinized stroma in surgical specimens intercellular deposition of type iv collagen was reproduced by culture in dimensional type i collagen gels all of these findings showed that CCC cells themselves form hyalinized stroma by depositing selfmade basement membrane materials in the intercellular spaces
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difficulty in initiating sleep is an important problem because it is associated with an increased incidence of depression diabetes myocardial infarction and higher allcause mortality although experimental studies in controlled settings have shown that warm skin temperature of the extremities feet and hands before bedtime is associated with shorter sleep onset latency sol evidence from real life situations is limited we assessed the relationship between indoor temperatures in the evening h before bedtime and sol among homedwelling elderly participants subjective sol was determined according to a selfadministered sleep diary actigraphic objective sol indoor temperature and bed temperature were simultaneously measured at participants homes for h during the colder seasons octoberapril the association between evening indoor temperature and sol was assessed using a multilevel linear regression MM with random intercept for individual participants evening indoor temperature showed a significant inverse association with logtransformed subjective sol β p and actigraphic sol β p independent of potential confounders including gender insomnia medication evening physical activity and bedtime higher bed temperature during the h T3 bedtime was significantly associated with shorter logtransformed actigraphic sol β p these significant associations were maintained even after adjustment for evening outdoor temperature the clinically important findings of the present study indicate that sol may be shortened by modification of evening indoor temperature and bed temperature for h after HS
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accumulation of CA in plasma is the immediate cause of hypercholesteremia in the rat with BDL and in the normal rat given intravenous sodium cholate the hypercholesteremia induced by CA administration does not appear to be dependent upon any preceding NC in the rates of absorption excretion synthesis or RD of cholesterol in the tissues of the animal cholate administration seems to induce hypercholesteremia by impeding the normal rate of passage of cholesterol from the plasma into the liver this impedance is probably due to an alteration of the cholesterolbinding SP of plasma proteins induced by cholate the chemical and physiological implications of this finding are discussed
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an antibody is described which defines a new high frequency red cell antigen duclos whose expression seems to require the presence of both u and rh fundamental antigens apart from the antibody makers own red cells the only nonreactive samples were from rhnull u impaired individuals one example of which was shown however to yield very slight amounts of antibody through absorptionelution tests rhmod u weak cells gave very depressed and rhnull u positive or rh common u negative cells moderately depressed reactions the propositas red cells had an apparently normal rhlw condition but their u antigen was significantly decreased no further duclos negative individual was found by screening blood donors in the paris area
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CL fibrosis represents the generic wound healing response to chronic insults regardless of their mechanism the causes of chronic liver injury and fibrosis have a wide geographic distribution and include CVH parasitic disease inborn errors of metabolism toxic damage in world wide terms most commonly due to alcohol and non alcoholic fatty liver disease liver disease is currently the th most common cause of death in the united kingdom and unlike the other SVR diseases grouped in this rather depressing league table its incidence is rising over the last to years our understanding of the pathogenesis of CL fibrosis and its dynamic nature has preceded a pace this has been due to developments in technologies including the isolation of individual CL cell populations which has facilitated studies of their behaviour in TC and in vivo more recently there has been the development of appropriate animal models which are tractable and can be applied in gene knockout and transgenic mice this review will highlight the development and understanding of CL fibrosis which have developed from the use of such complimentary animal and human model systems and describe how the greater understanding of this dynamic process is likely to inform the OD of directed and ERP antifibrotic approaches
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in addition to the standard set of chromosomes a about of eukaryote genomes carry Bs in most cases b chromosomes behave as genomic parasites being detrimental for the individuals carrying them and prospering in NK populations because of transmission advantages drive b chromosomes are mostly made up of repetitive dna sequences especially ribosomal dna rdna satellite dna and mobile elements in only two cases have b chromosomes been shown to carry proteincoding genes although some b chromosomes seem to have derived from interspecific hybridisation the most likely source of b chromosomes is the host genome itself but the specific a chromosome being the b ancestor has not been identified in any bcontaining species here we provide strong evidence for b chromosome ancestry in the migratory locust based on the location of genes for the h and h histones in the b chromosome and a single a chromosome pair ie the eighth in order of decreasing size the high dna CS similarity of a and b chromosome hh genes supports borigin from chromosome the higher variation shown by b sequences compared to a sequences suggests that b chromosome sequences are most likely inactive and thus less subjected to purifying selection estimates of time of divergence for histone genes from a and Bs suggest that Bs are quite old years showing the bchromosome ability to persist in NK populations for long periods of time
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treatment of CH c chc with pegylated interferon pegifn and ribavirin leads to sustained virological response svr in approximately of the patients svr depends on HC virus hcv and host factors including ilb genotypes
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diaphragmatic electromyograms from five AD cats were studied to determine whether DIA activity like central respiratory activity increases in rapideyemovement rem sleep breaths with inspiratory durations between and ms were analyzed there was a greater slope of the moving time average of DIA activity in rem than in nonrem nrem sleep these greater slopes occurred whether the route of PLB was through the upper airways or through an ET and may have resulted from early recruitment of motor units mean DIA activity was also greater but other variables peak activity the area under the curve of DIA activity mean intratracheal pressures inspiratory airflow rates and tidal volumes were not greater in rem than in nrem sleep diaphragmatic activity was similar in rem sleep and AW across states Mw of the MTA varied with the duration of inspiration greater slopes were associated with shorter breaths these results are consistent with an increase in central P0.1 in rem sleep that increases the rate of rise of diaphragmatic activity
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plc phospholipase c isoenzymes catalyse the conversion of ptdinsp into the camobilizing second messenger insp and the protein kinase cactivating second messenger diacylglycerol with the goal of identifying additional mammalian plc isoenzymes we screened the ncbi nonredundant DB using a blast algorithm for novel sequences with homology with the conserved plc catalytic core two unique sequences corresponding to two unknown plc isoenzymes were identified and one of these designated plceta was cloned and characterized most of the coding CS of plceta was constructed from two ests expressed sequence tags which included an overlapping sequence that was confirmed by multiple ests and mrnas race rapid amplification of cdna ends also identified an UP exon not deduced from available est or mrna sequences CS analysis of plceta revealed the canonical domains of a plc isoenzyme with an additional long cterminus that contains a class ii pdzbinding motif genomic analyses indicated that plceta is encoded by exons rtpcr reverse transcriptasepcr analyses illustrated expression of plceta in human retina and kidney as well as in mouse BB eye and lung rtpcr with exonspecific primers also revealed tissuespecific expression of four SVs in mouse that represent alternative use of sequences in exons and plcetaspecific antisera recognized one of these splice variants as an approx kda species when expressed in cos cells plceta natively expressed in n human astrocytoma cells also migrated as an approx kda species plc activity was observed in vitro and in vivo for three different constructs of plceta each containing possible alternatively spliced first exons coexpression of plceta with gbetagamma dimers oflation independent polyclonal activation of cd and cdpositive TA as seen by de novo expression of cd and cd and secretion of IFN RT CN factor alpha and interleukins and cdpositive TA made the L1 contribution to redirected tumor cell lysis by mt with a delay CD4+ cells could also contribute presumably as consequence of a dramatic upregulation of granzyme b expression mt was highly efficacious in a nodscid mouse model with subcutaneously growing sw human CC cells five daily doses of microg mt on days completely prevented RT outgrowth in all mice treated the bispecific antibody construct also led to a durable eradication of established PT in all mice treated with microg doses of mt on days after RT inoculation finally mt could eradicate patientderived M1 ovarian cancer tissue growing under the skin of nodscid mice mt appears as an attractive bispecific antibody candidate for treatment of human epcamoverexpressing carcinomas
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AA and dependence have proven to be complex genetic traits that are influenced by environmental factors primate and human studies have shown that early life stress increases the propensity for AA in later life the reinforcing properties of alcohol are mediated by dopaminergic signaling however there is little evidence to indicate how AS alters alcohol reinforcement kcnj the gene encoding gproteincoupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel girk is a brain expressed potassium channel with GABA effects on DA tone the properties of girk have been shown to be enhanced by the stress peptide corticotrophinreleasing hormone therefore we sought to examine the role of kcnj polymorphisms in AD AD and stressrelated AA in adolescents we selected snps in the promoter region of kcnj which were genotyped in adult alcohol dependents and controls one snp rs was found to be associated with AD p false discovery rate we then assessed rs in an adolescent sample of subjects which were characterized for early life stress and adolescent hazardous drinking defined using the alcohol use disorders identification test audit to examine geneenvironment interactions in the adolescent sample the risk TT of rs was significantly associated with increased audit scores but only in those individuals exposed to high C2 of psychosocial stress in early life p our findings show that kcnj is associated with alcohol dependence and may moderate the effect of early psychosocial stress on risky alcohol drinking in adolescents we have identified a candidate gene for future studies investigating a possible functional link between the response to AS and alcohol reinforcement
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vertical transmission of SH c virus hcv was studied in infants of mothers sets of twins hcv rna analyses by the PCR reaction pcr and alanine aminotransferase alt were performed on consecutive blood samples from birth to months of age and months data on factors possibly influencing mothertoinfant transmission of hcv such as concomitant HIV virus hiv and hepatitis b virus infection during pregnancy maternal hcv rna status at delivery mode of delivery prematurity and breastfeeding habits were collected in addition older siblings age years of the infants were tested once for antihcv of the mothers had a PH of intravenous drug use ivdu two mothers were hiv positive tested mothers were hcv rna positive infants were delivered by caesarean section and infants were breastfed all infants were hcv rna negative on all occasions and antihcv negative at the age of months maternally acquired antihcv antibodies disappeared and were ND by months in one of the older siblings was antihcv and hcv rna positive we conclude that the risk of vertical hcv transmission is low in infants of hcvpositivehivnegative mothers and that BF seems to be safe in this group
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the objectives of the study were to explore the effects of using the watersoluble mucilage of monostroma nitidium to replace the humectant and half of the thickening agent on the rheological properties color storage stability waterholding capacity and film formation time of moisture masks thus prepared results showed that moisture masks containing watersoluble mucilage were pseudoplaxtic fluids the apparent viscosity of these moisture masks decreased with increasing shear rate but increased with increasing concentration of the aqueous extracts used the waterholding capacity of moisture masks containing AQ extracts and hydroxyethyl cellulose hec were similar to those containing hec and butadiene humectant but better than those containing MC mc and humectant the film formation time of moisture masks containing different concentrations of AQ extracts decreased with increasing concentration of the AE used the storage stability of a moisture mask containing AE and hec was similar to that containing hec and humectant and better than those containing mc and humectant the safety test resulted in no erythema based on the draize score test the ph was between and for all moisture masks studied
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the comparison distance effect cde whereby discriminating between two numbers that are far apart is easier than discriminating between two numbers that are close has been considered as an important indicator of how people represent magnitudes internally however the underlying mechanism of this cde is still unclear we tried to shed further CS on how people represent magnitudes by using priming adults have been shown to exhibit a priming distance effect pde whereby numbers are processed faster when they are preceded by a close number than when they are preceded by a more distant number surprisingly there are no studies available that have investigated this effect in children the current study examined this effect in TD first third and fifth graders and in adults our findings revealed that the pde already occurs in first graders and remains stable across development this study also documents the usefulness of number ffects are not well understood particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems in a landscapescale field T0 we quantified plant bsc and am fungal communities at locations along a gradient of soil stability levels in southern utah usa we used multivariate modeling to examine the relative influences of plants bscs and am fungi on surface and subsurface stability in a semiarid shrubland landscape models were found to be congruent with the data and explained of the variation in surface stability and of the variation in subsurface stability the results support several tentative conclusions while bscs plants and am fungi all contribute to surface stability only plants and am fungi contribute to subsurface stability in both surface and subsurface models the strongest contributions to soil stability are made by biological components of the system biological soil crust cover was found to have the strongest direct effect on surface soil stability controlling for other AF surprisingly am fungi appeared to influence surface soil stability even though they are not generally considered to exist in the top few millimeters of the soil in the subsurface model plant cover appeared to have the strongest direct influence on soil stability in both models results indicate that plant cover influences soil stability both directly controlling for other AF and indirectly through influences on other organisms soil organic matter was not found to have a direct contribution to surface or subsurface stability in this system the relative influence of am fungi on soil stability in these semiarid shrublands was similar to that reported for a mesic tallgrass prairie estimates of effects that bscs plants and am fungi have on soil stability in these models are used to suggest the relative amounts of resources that erosion control practitioners should devote to promoting these communities this T0 highlights the need for system approaches in combating erosion soil Kd and aridland desertification
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lowcost and high surface area microporous activated carbons were prepared from spartina alternilora and cotton stalk with koh activation under the conditions of impregnation ratio of activation temperature at degrees c and activation time of h the adsorption behavior of pnitroaniline on the G1 carbons was investigated by batch sorption experiments the influences of solution ph value adsorbent dose and temperature were investigated the adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic characteristics were also discussed the spartina alterniflora AC saac has a high surface area of m x g and a micropore volume of cm x g the bet SA and micropore volume of the cotton stalk AC csac are m x g and cm x g respectively the sorption experiments show that both the activated carbons have high sorption capacity for pNA the langmuir maximum sorption amount was found to be mg x g for saac and mg x g for csac respectively the sorption was found to depend on solution ph adsorbent dose and temperature the optimum ph for the removal of pnitroaniline was found to be the freundlich model and redlichpeterson MM can describe the exp data effectively the negative changes in free energy delta g and enthalpy delta h indicate that the sorption is a spontaneous and exothermic procedure the negative values of the adsorption entropy delta s indicate that the mobility of pNA on the carbon surface becomes more restricted as compared with that of those in solution
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plateletrich plasma prp is derived from centrifuging whole blood has a PLT concentration higher than that of the whole blood is the cellular component of plasma that settles T3 centrifugation and contains numerous growth factors there is increasing interest in the sports medicine and athletic community about providing endogenous growth factors directly to the injury site using autologous blood products such as prp to potentially facilitate healing and earlier return to sport after musculoskeletal injury despite this interest and apparent widespread use there is a lack of highlevel evidence regarding randomized PCTs assessing the efficacy of prp in treating ligament and tendon injuries basic science and animal studies and small case series reports on prp injections for AL or tendon injuries but few randomized controlled clinical trials have assessed the efficacy of prp i.v. and none have demonstrated scientific evidence of efficacy scientific studies should be performed to assess clinical indications tau and safety of prp and this will require appropriately powered randomized controlled trials with adequate and validated clinical and PET outcome measures and sound statistical analysis other aspects of prp use that need to be determined are volume of injectionapplication most effective preparation bufferingactivation i.t. technique depot vs multiple depots timing of injection to injury single application versus series of i.v. and the most effective rehabilitation protocol to use after prp i.t. with all proposed treatments the doctor and the patient should weigh up potential benefits of treatment potential risks and costs based on the limited publications to date and theoretical considerations the potential risks involved with prp are fortunately very low however benefits remain unproven to date particularly when comparing prp with other injections for ligament and tendon injuries
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the transport of lproline was studied in brushborder membrane vesicles isolated from the kidneys of newborn rats in contrast with the rapid initial uptake with an OS observed in AD LDV uptake by the P0 vesicle was slow showed no overshoot and proline continued to accumulate at a time when the AD vesicle had already equilibrated lproline transport in the newborn rat occurs by nadependent and independent mechanisms there appeared to be essentially no uptake by antiluminal LDV isolated from newborn rat kidney these observations may help to explain the prolinuria that occurs in the P0 animal
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this T0 provides evidence that within the caudal neurosecretory system of the teleost oreochromis niloticus neurons express nitric oxide synthase noslike molecules the presence of noslike molecules was demonstrated by means of ND nadphd IF and nos immunohistochemistry in the caudal spinal cord nospositive neurosecretory cell bodies and NS SF were observed in addition nospositive structures were found in the urophysis which correspond to neurosecretory axon terminals cellular colocalization of nos and ovine corticotropinreleasing factor ocrf immunoreactivities confirmed that the nospositive structures belong to the caudal neurosecretory system the present results suggest that no may participate in the caudal NE CF
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heterotrimeric gproteins consisting of gα gβ and gγ subunits are important signal transducers in eukaryotes in plants gproteinmediated signaling contributes to defense against a range of fungal and bacterial pathogens here we studied response of gproteindeficient mutants to ssrna viruses representing different families cucumber mosaic virus cmv bromoviridae and turnip mosaic virus tumv potyviridae we found that development of spreading CN on infected plants was suppressed in the gβdeficient mutant agb compared to wild type and gαdeficient mutant gpa in accordance ion leakage caused by viral infection was also significantly reduced in agb compared to wild type and gpa nevertheless both viruses replicated better in agb plants while gpa was similar to wild type analysis of pathogenesisrelated genes showed that gβ negatively regulated salicylic acid jasmonic acid and abscisic acid marker genes during cmv and tumv infections interestingly analysis of salicylic acid deficient transgenic plants indicated that salicylic acid did not affect resistance against these viruses and did not influence the gβmediated defense response we conclude that heterotrimeric gproteins play a positive role in defense against viral pathogens probably by promoting cell death
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faecal incontinence is a disabling condition caused by sphincter damage caused by childbirth anorectal surgery trauma fistulae and abscesses pudendal neuropathy idiopathic faecal incontinence caused by stretch injury by longstanding constipation or prolonged labor diminished rectal compliance in proctitis low AR or small pouches faecal impaction causing paradoxal diarrhoea neurological disease involving the pelvic floor and or the central nervous system diarrhoea often several AF play a role in a patient a medical history and PE will generally provide a reasonable diagnosis anorectal CF tests can show one or more CA anal manometry can show low sphincter pressures rectal compliance can show a small rectal volume anal mucosal sensitivity measurement can show a HT and neurophysiological tests can demonstrate diminished muscle activity and a delayed pudendal nerve motor latency anal endosonography and defaecography have a direct clinical impact anal endosonography is a promising diagnostic tool demonstrating sphincter defects even those not previously suspected a sphincter defect demonstrated by AES provides a solid basis for a sphincter repair defaecography can reveal an intussusception which is an indication for performing a rectopexy in the incontinent patient a suggested workup of the incontinent patient is given in a table besides the classic surgical treatments such as sphincter repair rectopexy and postanal repair new surgical options have been tried the most promising new therapy seems the dynamic gracilis repair
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IS is a protein metabolite that is concentrated in the serum of patients with chronic renal insufficiency it also is a uremic toxin that has been implicated in the progression of chronic renal disease in rodent models we have shown previously that mesangial cell redox status is related to activation of mitogenactivated protein kinases and cell proliferation which are factors related to glomerular damage we used three methods to examine the ability of IS to alter MC redox as a possible mechanism for its toxicity indoxyl sulfate increases mesangial cell reduction rate in a concentrationdependent manner as demonstrated by redox microphysiometry alterations occurred at concentrations as low as microm with more marked alterations occurring at higher concentrations associated with human renal failure we demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate induces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species ros in mesangial cells ec microm by using the rossensitive FL dye cmdcf ros generation was only partially approximately inhibited by the nadph oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodinium at low or microm IS concentrations diphenylene iodinium was without effect at higher concentrations of indoxyl sulfate we also useength fracture stiffness energy absorbed over the first degrees of torsion and histomorphometric analysis all showed that the osteotomies treated with the cyclic pneumatic pressure at four weeks were not significantly different from the control osteotomies at six weeks
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although tight junctions tj have been extensively studied in simple epithelial cells it is still unknown whether their organization is coupled to cell differentiation in stratified epithelia we studied the expression of tj in rcet cells an in vitro MM which mimics the sequential steps of RCE differentiation rcet cells expressed tj components which were assembled once cells constituted differentiated epithelia as suggested by the increase of transepithelial electrical resistance ter which followed a similar kinetic to the expression of the early differentiation marker pax tj were PET as indicated by the establishment of an epithelial barrier nonpermeable to ruthenium red or a biotin tracer in IS experiments tj were located at the superficial cells from the suprabasal layers western blot and rtpcr suggested that tj were composed of claudins cldn cingulin cgn occludin ocln and zo semiquantitative rtpcr and ter measurements showed that tj became organized when cells began to form a layers stratified epithelium ter increased once cells reached confluence with a time course comparable to the raise in the expression of cgn cldn and nevertheless cldn zo and ocln were present in the cells from the beginning of cultivation suggesting that ter increases mainly depend on tj assembly while egf increased epithelial barrier strength retinoic acid disrupted it increasing paracellular flux about fold this effect was concentration dependent and completely reversible our results suggest that tj assembly is tightly linked to the expression of corneal epithelial terminal phenotype
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CA remains one of the major cause of death in the western world although it has been demonstrated that new therapies can improve the outcome of CA patients still many patients relapse after treatment therefore there is a need to identify novel factors involved in cancer OD andor progression recently PMNL gelatinaseassociated lipocalin ngal has been suggested as a key player in different cancer types its oncogenic effect may be related to the complex ngalmmp in the present T0 ngal was analyzed at both transcript and protein C2 in different CA types by analysing public available microarray datasets and the human protein atlas tool ngal transcripts were significantly higher in the majority of solid tumors compared to the relative normal tissues for every dataset analyzed furthermore concordance of ngal at both mrna and protein levels was observed for CA types including bladder colorectal liver lung ovarian and pancreatic all metastatic tumors showed a decrease of ngal expression when compared to matched primary lesions according to these results ngal is a candidate marker for tumor growth in a fraction of solid tumors further investigations are required to elucidate the CF of ngal in tumor OD and metastatic processes
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thromboembolism is a dreaded complication of surgery in multiple disciplines including plastic surgery and deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus cause significant morbidity even death this article provides methods for understanding and preventing deep venous thrombosis and PE in plastic surgery
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we have compared the concentrations of intracellular glutathione gsh glutathionedependent antioxidative enzymes the cell death rate and IP profile of IP blood mononuclear cells pbmc from HD and from patients with insulindependent type ii niddm diabetes mellitus the iddm and niddm patients had abovenormal absolute lymphocyte counts whereas the percentages of cd cd adn cd t lymphocytes were significantly reduced in contrast the absolute number and percentage of b lymphocytes was higher in diabetic patients than in healthy donors the low intracellular reduced glutathionegsh and the unbalanced profile of key enzymes involved in gsh metabolism gammaglutamyltransferase gammagt and glutathionestransferase gst account for the increased oxidative status of pbmc from diabetic patients the PMs of pbmc for diabetic patients were less permeable to PI than those of pbmc from HD indicating that the AI cell death rate was lower in the cells from diabetic patients these differences are potentially useful markers of pathogenic metabolic changes which occur during clinical diabetes and if they are confirmed could be use dot identify the onset of diabetes
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dna molecules containing at pairs exhibit cesium cation TPS conformational SMB this specificity is shown to be cancelled with the title dna which not only concerns its conformational alterations in highsalt AQ solutions but also the btoa transition induced by ethanol sl dna easily adopts the aconformation in the presence of millimolar concentrations of cscl which CR destabilize the aconformation in calf thymus dna the present results demonstrate that the TPS effects of cesium cations on dna are connected with their IB to the at pairs in the dna minor groove
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the variant form of angina pectoris va is a rather common disease in japan and the author himself is suffering from it among successive cases of various types of angina seen in our department excluding myocardial infarction and postinfarctional angina cases were va the brief duration cyclic occurrence and frequent incidence of the attacks at night are considered to be the clinical characteristics the pathogenesis of va is ascribed to coronary spasm on the basis of findings made in cinecoronary arteriography st elevation was observed more frequently on exercise test in va than in ordinary exertional angina pectoris indicating that patients with va are in a markedly spasmophilic state although the prognosis is not generally so serious out of cases of va had arrhythmias during attacks including such serious ones as T3 av block and ventricular fibrillation nifedipine was dramatically ERP in suppressing repeatedly occurring ventricular fibrillation a survey of the effects of calcium antagonists in cases of va in cardiology institutes throughout japan revealed that these drugs were effective in more than of the cases of particular note is the fact that the attacks were CR eliminated in more than of the cases
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cd female mice were treated with doxorubicin dxr mgkg iv once a week for eight weeks or with LND lnd mgkg ip once a week for eight weeks other mice received lonidamine mgkg ip immediately before doxorubicin mgkg iv administration the animals were sacrificed four weeks T3 the last administration and their cardiac morphology was evaluated by means of LM lonidamine slightly reduced the extent of the atrial but not of the VVI alterations caused by dxr the results seem to indicate that in this exp MM lonidamine does not substantially modify the cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin
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unexpected clinical outcomes following transection of single SN of the internal acoustic meatus have been reported therefore this T0 aimed to investigate interneural connections between the nervus intermedius and the adjacent SN in the cerebellopontine angle
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cfd computational fluid dynamics techniques were used to predict mixing and gasliquid mass transfer in a ml shake flask operating over a range of shaking frequencies between and revmin shaking diameters between and mm and fill volumes between and ml interfacial area a volumetric masstransfer coeffcient kla and the power input per unit volume epsilonv of the liquid were predicted to be a m m kla h and epsilonv w m respectively these values are significantly different from the reported range for laboratory and pilotscale bioreactors used in the fermentation of bacterial and fungal microorganisms a m m kla h and epsilonv w m our analysis showed that at the highest shaking frequency and amplitude of T0 the specific SP input in the shake flask was much lower than in laboratory bioreactors bacterial and fungal microorganisms require DO concentrations typically in the range mmol of o h litre corresponding to volumetric masstransfer coefficients kla in the range of h poor mixing and dissolvedoxygen limitation in shake flasks may limit their use in process design and media optimization in fermentation in contrast mammalian cells have relatively low demand for oxygen and consequently require a lower specific SP input this being typically between and w m allowing efficient T0 in shake flasks exp data presented as part of the present T0 showed that mammalian cell growth in shake flasks was essentially independent of the TPS power input the maximum TPS cell growth rate being h the corresponding maximum oxygenuptake rate was mmol of o h litre for a viable cell count of x cells ml these values are comparable with reported values for laboratory and pilotscale bioreactors this analysis suggests that growth of rat cells in shake flasks and hence in laboratory bioreactors is not limited by the gasliquid masstransfer rate in rat cell cultures the requirement for good mixing is driven by other considerations including the need for good cell suspension and reduction in heterogeneity for example in ph temperature nutrient concentration osmolality and lactateglucose ratio
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parturition was initiated in holstein cows given dexamethasone mg kg body weight in combination with mg estradiol benzoate intramuscularly at day of gestation parturition occurred at h T3 i.t. twentysix control cows had an average gestation length of days calving difficulty was not different although birth weight of calves was kg less for induced cows compared with control cows severity of udder edema did not differ between CG average daily milk production for the first wk of lactation was lower versus kg from induced than control groups incidence of retained placental CM was and for induced and control cows SS estrogens were lower versus pgml in induced than in control cows days prior to parturition groups did not differ inserum calcium phosphorus magnesium days to first heat days to first breeding days to conception or in fat protein and total solids content of colostrum CS in colostrum of induced cows was lower results of california mastitis tests at and days PP were similar
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despite initial responsiveness to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy small cell LC sclc commonly relapses within months although neuroendocrine characteristics may be difficult to demonstrate in individual cases a relevant expression of somatostatin receptors sstr on the cell surface has been described we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of sstrexpression in advanced sclc we further examined prerequisites for successful peptide receptor radionuclide therapy prrt patients with extensive stage sclc were enrolled all patients underwent positron emission tomographycomputed tomography petct with gadotatate to select patients for sstrdirected therapy pet scans were visually and semiquantitatively assessed and compared to sstra and sstr expression in biopsy samples peak standardized uptake values suvpeak of tumors as well as tumortoliver ratios were correlated to PFS pfs and overall survival os in patients all sclc lesions were petpositive subjects were rated intermediate with the majority of lesions positive the remaining patients were petnegative petpositivity correlated well with histologic sstra but not with sstr expression neither petpositivity nor suvpeak were predictors of pfs or os in patients with intensive sstrareceptor expression prrt was performed with one partial response and one SD respectively sstrexpression as detected by gadotatatepet andor histology is not predictive of pfs or os in patients with advanced sclc however in patients exhibiting sufficient tracer uptake prrt might be a treatment option given its low toxicity and the absence of ERP alternatives
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in the diagnosis of preinvasive breast CA some of the intraductal proliferations pose a special challenge the continuum of intraductal breast lesions includes the usual ductal hyperplasia udh ADH adh and ductal carcinoma in situ dcis the current standard of care is to perform percutaneous needle biopsies for diagnosis of palpable and imagedetected breast abnormalities udh is considered benign and patients diagnosed udh undergo routine followup whereas adh and dcis are considered actionable and patients diagnosed with these two subtypes get additional surgical procedures about new cases of intraductal breast lesions are diagnosed every year a conservative estimate would suggest that at least of these patients are needlessly undergoing unnecessary surgeries thus improvement in the diagnostic reproducibility and accuracy is critically important for effective clinical management of these patients in this study a prototype system for automatically classifying breast microscopic tissues to distinguish between udh and actionable subtypes adh and dcis is introduced this system automatically evaluates digitized slides of tissues for certain cytological criteria and classifies the tissues based on the quantitative features derived from the images the system is trained using a total of regions of interest rois collected across patient cases and tested with a sequestered set of rois collected across patient cases an overall accuracy of is achieved on the entire test data the test accuracy of is obtained with borderline cases of the test cases only when compared against the diagnostic accuracies of nineconsumption of vegetables fruit milk cold cuts cookies and soft drinks and d more frequent consumption of all unhealthy foods and less frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables the results indicate the need for interventions to promote healthy eating in this age group
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members of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator marr family regulate the expression of genes related to antibiotic resistance oxidative AS and virulence in bacteria and archaea here we determined the structure of pa from pseudomonas aeruginosa at å resolution pa belonged to the marr family and its structure revealed a tightly bound dimer with each subunit containing a winged helixturnhelix whth dnabinding motif conserved arginine residues arg arg and arg were located in the whth region which might be important to dna binding furthermore each monomer contained a pocket made of conserved hydrophobic residues a highly conserved cys located at one end of this pocket may undergo oxidation by organic hydroperoxide molecules as shown in other marr family proteins acting as redoxsensing regulators these results provide insights about the role of pa as a putative oxidativestress sensing transcriptional regulator
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insulin receptors from turkey erythrocyte plasma membranes were solubilized in nondenaturing detergents triton x and sodium deoxycholate their hydrodynamic properties were determined by sedimentation analyses in ho and do and gel filtration on sepharose b two specific insulinbinding species are observed after velocity sedimentation in linear SU density gradients peaks i and ii in triton x the sedimentation coefficient sw partial TPS volume vc and stokes radius a for peaks i and ii are respectively s and s mlg and mlg and a and a to yield mr and respectively for the proteintriton x complex the corresponding values in deoxycholate solution are s and s mlg and mlg and a and a for peaks i and ii respectively to yield and respectively for the molecular weight of the proteindeoxycholate complex these data are consistent with a MM whereby each receptor species binds to one micelle of the appropriate detergent in agreement with this model it was also found that in both triton x and deoxycholate concentrations higher than the critical micellar concentration are required in order to maintain discrete receptor species in solution at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration the receptors aggregate to a broad band that sediments faster than s this is typical of membrane proteins that are stabilized in solution by IS into detergent micelles based on these results the protein molecular weights of peaks i and ii are estimated to be and respectively when CM are treated with the reducing agent dithiothreitol peak i is converted to peak ii this fact together with the estimates obtained for the protein molecular weights of the two receptor species suggests that peak i is a disulfidelinked dimer of peak ii the sedimentation characteristics of insulin receptors in many different cell types appear to be similar as with turkey erythrocytes detergent extracts of membranes from rat liver contained two native receptor species whose sedimentation coefficients were similar to peaks i and ii however in all the other cell types examined including rat adipocytes rat HR muscle tl adipocytes tc fibroblasts and fao hepatoma cells peak i the native dimer was the predominant species observed
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the authors report three cases with petrotentorial dural arteriovenous malformation who underwent surgical interruption of the draining vein or dural sinus they discuss the rationale and feasibility of this surgical procedure case yearold man presented with TG neuralgia and cerebellar ataxia caused by subarachnoid and cerebellar hemorrhage case yearold man with TG neuralgia due to A-V mass effect case yearold man with PSD caused by venous ischemia in the BL thalami cases and underwent lateral suboccipital craniotomy followed by infratentorial supracerebellar approach and the draining vein was interrupted by aneurysmal clip under the cerebellar tentorium case underwent surgical occlusion of the straight sinus by occipital transfalcine transtentorial approach after transarterial embolization had failed intraoperative DS angiography revealed the disappearance of dural avms in all three cases the clinical PS disappeared postoperatively and followup vesselangiography months later respectively revealed no recurrence of dural avms it has recently been proposed that many cranial dural avms with leptomeningeal venous drainage require only interruption of the draining vein as it enters the subarachnoid space for successful lasting beta the striking clinical and radiological improvement in these cases emphasizes the pivotal role of surgical occlusion of the draining vein for petrotentorial dural avms which are not amenable to cure by endovascular procedures
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to improve preservation of donor livers we have developed a portable hypothermic MP hmp system as an alternative for static cold storage a prototype of the system was built and evaluated on functionality DUE criteria included h of adequate pressure controlled perfusion sufficient oxygenation a maintained degrees c temperature and sterile conditions porcine livers were perfused with pump pressures that were set at mmhg continuous portal vein and mmhg at bpm pulsatile hepatic artery control livers were preserved using the clinical golden standard static cold storage in the hmp group pressure flow and temperature were continuously monitored for h at timepoints t and h samples of university of wisconsin machine preservation solution were taken for measurement of partial PtiO2 po and lactodehydrogenase biopsies in every lobe were taken for histology and electron microscopy samples of ice preservation solution liver surface and bile were taken and cultured to determine sterility results showed that temperature was maintained at degrees c perfusion pressure was maintained at mmhg and mmhg for portal vein and hepatic i.a. respectively flow was approximately and mlmin respectively but decreased in the portal vein probably due to edema formation arterial po was kept at kpa histology showed complete perfusion of the liver with no L1 damage to HCs bile ducts and nonparenchymal cells compared to control livers the machine perfusion system complied to the design criteria and will have to demonstrate the superiority of machine perfusion over cold storage in SPK experiments
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vivrio vulnificus an opportunistic human pathogen secretes a metalloprotease vvp the vvp inoculated into a guinea pig is known to generate BK through activation of the hageman factorplasma kallikreinkinin system vvp was shown to possess the ability to activate the human system through the same mechanism as that clarified in the guinea pig system namely vvp converted both human zymogens hageman factor and plasma prekallikrein to active enzymes G1 hageman factor and plasma kallikrein and the then generated kallikrein liberated bradykinin from highmolecularweight kininogen however in the presence of plasma AMG alpha m the vvp action was drastically decreased this finding suggests that the human system might be G1 only at the interstitialtissue space which contains negligible amounts of alpha m or in the bloodstream of the individuals whose plasma alpha m level is extremely reduced
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the zincfinger protein ikaros is a key player in tcell development and a potent tumor suppressor in thymocytes to understand the molecular basis of its CF we disabled ikaros activity in vivo using a dominant negative ikaros Tg dniktg in dniktg mice tcell development was severely suppressed and positively selected thymocytes clonally expanded resulting in a small thymus with a heavily skewed tcell receptor tcr repertoire notably dniktg induced vigorous proliferation concomitant to downregulation of antiapoptotic factor expression such as bcl ikaros activity was required during positive selection and specifically at the cdcdlo intermediate stage of thymocyte differentiation where it prevented persistent tcr signals from inducing aberrant proliferation and expansion in particular dniktg induced the accumulation of cd singlepositive sp thymocytes with a developmentally transitional phenotype and it imposed a developmental arrest accompanied by massive apoptosis thus we identified an in vivo requirement for ikaros CF which is to suppress the proliferative potential of persistent tcr signals and to promote the survival and differentiation of positively selected thymocytes
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the saliva and PC of disopyramide and its main metabolite monondealkyldisopyramide and the protein IB of DP were studied in ten healthy volunteers T3 a single oral mg dose of disopyramide DP had a concentrationdependent inhibitory effect on the salivary flow rate the correlations between the salivary and total plasma concentrations of DP r linear exponential p less than of the metabolite r p less than and between the salivary and free plasma concentrations of DP r p less than were relatively good the fraction of disopyramide not bound to plasma proteins varied from not measurable to was concentrationdependent and showed intersubject variation the ratio of DP concentrations in saliva and plasma sp ratio varied from to and was highest when the salivary and plasma levels were high no significant correlation existed between sp ratio and salivary ph and the correlation was poor r between the measured salivary concentrations and those calculated theoretically a wide interindividual R2 was seen in all parameters measured the salivary concentrations of DP are unreliable for predicting the corresponding total or free plasma concentrations
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the evoked spinal electrogram seg in man was recorded from the epidural space applying the technique of continuous epidural block and compared with cord dorsum potential cdp in wakeful rabbits waveform characteristics of the evoked segs activated by the segmental nerves were almost the same in both C2 and lumbar regions somatosensory evoked response from the scalp was clearly demonstrated by stimulation of both the TN and fifth toe skin whereas the evoked seg was produced only by stimulation of the former this finding might indicate that large nerve fibers are more responsible for producing the evoked seg central latencies to the peaks of the second components of the p wave were to and to msec in cervical and lumbar enlargements respectively this probably indicates the presence of a long feedback loop producing the second components the amplitude of the n wave showed a steeper decline along the spinal cord than that of the p deflection indicating between origins of these two components polarity of both the n and p waves became reversed when the recording electrode was situated in the anterior EPI space the waveform characteristics of the evoked seg in man were very similar to those of the cdp in wakeful rabbits
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does gastrin stimulate GAS by direct action on oxyntic cells by releasing histamine or by being potentiated by histamine previous studies in the mouse pointed to gastrinregulated HR guinea pig and rat are well known to vary in their sensitivity to histamine therefore the effects of histamine and pentagastrin were compared quantitatively on isolated lumenperfused stomach S9 from these species in the absence and presence of histamine hreceptor blockade the loss of potency of histamine in the rat was mirrored by a loss of potency of pentagastrin consistent with the idea that PG acts by releasing histamine in the rat a welldefined pentagastrin curve was obtained in the presence of histamine hreceptor block as though pentagastrin acts both directly on the oxyntic cell and indirectly by releasing histamine it was not necessary to invoke a potentiating interaction between histamine and PG at the oxyntic cell the two effects appeared simply to add potentiation was observed however between other combinations of stimuli for example between vagal nerve and pentagastrin stimulation the physiological consequences of these results are discussed
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the incidence of LC in women living in china is among the highest in the world but it does not appear that tobacco smoking is a L1 risk factor for lung CA as tobacco smoking is highly prevalent in chinese men exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ets may play an important role in the OD of LC in chinese women who never smoked we conducted the present investigation because previous studies did not account for dietary habits or indoor air pollution from chinesestyle cooking and they did not assess the effect of occupational SE to ets
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the incidence of TCC has increased in the past decade and mortality from bladder cancer remains a substantial public health burden T3 decades of minimal progress in the treatment of advancedstage disease recent advances in the genomic characterization of urothelial cancer and breakthroughs in bladder CA therapeutics have rejuvenated the field this review highlights the landmark PCTs of chemotherapy in both the neoadjuvant and T3 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma settings we describe treatment paradigms for multimodal treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer including discussion on bladder preservation strategies lastly we discuss novel immunomodulatory targeted and combination therapies in OD for the treatment of advanced UC
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the target disconnection theory of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als pathogenesis suggests that disease onset is initiated by a peripheral pathological event resulting in NM junction loss and motoneuron mn degeneration presymptomatic msodga mouse facial mn fmn are more susceptible to axotomyinduced cell death than wildtype wt fmn which suggests additional cns pathology we have previously determined that the msod molecular response to facial nerve axotomy is phenotypically regenerative and indistinguishable from wt whereas the surrounding microenvironment shows significant dysregulation in the msod facial nucleus to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced msod fmn loss after axotomy we superimposed the FN axotomy MM on presymptomatic msod mice and investigated mRNA for death receptor pathways T3 target disconnection by axotomy vs PD we determined that the tnfr DR pathway is involved in axotomyinduced fmn death in wt and is partially responsible for the msod fmn death in contrast an inherent msod cns pathology resulted in a suppressed glial reaction and an upregulation in the fas death pathway T3 target disconnection we propose that the dysregulated msod glia fail to provide support the injured mn leading to fasinduced fmn death finally we demonstrate that during disease progression the msod facial nucleus displays target disconnectioninduced mRNA changes that mirror those induced by axotomy this validates the use of axotomy as an investigative tool in understanding the role of IP target disconnection in the pathogenesis of als
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