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hand lacerations especially when inadequately treated may result in infections caused by aerobic or anaerobic bacteria anaerobic infections most commonly result from human bite injuries in which there is contact between hand and mouth the search continues for an ideal antibiotic to employ when anaerobic organisms are suspected in this study cefamandole a new cephalosporin antibiotic was employed whenever anaerobic hand infections were suspected following trauma in each patient quantitative cultures for both aerobic and anaerobic organisms were obtained all organisms isolated were tested by standard susceptibility assays for both aerobes and anaerobes in the case of anaerobes minimum GABA concentration assays were also performed T3 the initial SC was obtained each patient received approximately gm of CMD every hours for a period of days this therapy was changed only if susceptibility studies indicated resistance to cefamandole in our patients of the infectious organisms were aerobic and facultative anaerobic and were obligate anaerobes the predominant organisms isolated were staphylococcus aureus and peptostreptococcus anaerobius which accounted for of the infections in most of the aerobic infections a single organism was isolated whereas multiple organisms were identified in the anaerobic infections all but one of the infections responded to cefamandole the one that didnt was caused by enterobacter cloacae and required treatment with an aminoglycoside because of its broadsptor of the enzyme with a ki of microm the two diastereomers of this inhibitor were separated by highpressure liquid chromatography the more potent diastereomer had a ki of microm the inhibitory potency of the less AS diastereomer was lower by order of magnitude decreasing the hydrophobicity of the residue IB the s subsite of the enzyme by for example replacement of the phenylethyl group with a methyl residue decreased the GABA potency by almost orders of magnitude deletion of the carboxylate group decreased the inhibitory potency by more than orders of magnitude shortening the inhibitor chain by a single alanine residue had a similar effect IB of the inhibitor to the enzyme increased its thermal stabilityabstract truncated at words
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functionally AS guinea pig factor b was purified by a combination of chromatographic steps including sephadex g qae a qae a cm c and sepharose b coupled with purified cobra venom factor purified factor b had a mw of daltons and a single subunit structure it was heat labile after cleavage of native b with cobra venom factor coupled to sepharose b in the presence of d the resulting two fragments the larger one bb and the smaller one ba were further purified the mw of bb and ba was determined as and daltons respectively by sdspage neither of the fragments evoked a contraction of guinea pig ileum or histamine PR from rat mast cells only the smaller fragment ba at a concentration of nm stimulated guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear WBCs to respond with increased movement this activity as well as the antigenicity of ba were ST but were CS to TR digestion whereas the antigenicity of bb was heat labile
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dengue viruses denv a group of four serologically distinct but related flaviviruses are the cause of one of the most important emerging viral diseases denv infections result in a wide spectrum of clinical disease including DHF dhf a viral haemorrhagic disease characterised by bleeding and plasma leakage the characteristic feature of dhf is the transient period of plasma leakage and a haemorrhagic tendency dhf occurs mostly during a AA denv infection serotype crossreactive antibodies and mediators from serotype CR denguespecific TA have been implicated in the pathogenesis a complex interaction between virus host immune response and endothelial cells likely impacts the barrier integrity and functions of EC cells leading to plasma leakage recently the role of angiogenic AF and the role of dengue virus on EC cell transcription and functions have been studied insights into the mechanisms that confer protection or cause disease are critical in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic modalities for this important disease
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modifications of natural habitat in peridomestic rural Az could affect original rodent community composition diversity and evenness in zoonoses such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome the presence of a diverse community can dilute the impact of the principal reservoir reducing risk to humans the goal of this study was to examine rodent community composition abundance of andes virus andv host oligoryzomys longicaudatus andv prevalence and temporal R2 associated with rural peridomestic settings in patagonia argentina we trapped rodents in peridomestic settings and nearby sylvan Az for years the numerically dominant species differed between peridomestic and sylvan settings o longicaudatus was the most abundant species in peridomestic settings of individuals diversity and evenness in peridomestic settings fluctuated temporally with an abrupt decline in evenness coinciding with peaks in andv prevalence the probability of finding an andvpositive mouse in peridomestic settings was times greater than in sylvan habitats changes in rodent communities in peridomestic settings may increase the probability for human SE to andv because those settings promote the presence of o longicaudatus with high andv antibody prevalence high o longicaudatus relative abundance in an unstable community associated with peridomestic settings may favor intraspecific contact leading to a higher probability of virus transmission
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energy barriers for flipping the transverse dipole moments in polyvinylidene fluoride pvdf and related copolymers and terpolymers are predicted using the nudged elastic band method the dipole moments flip individually along the chain with an order and SE barrier magnitudes ev that depend on the chain composition and environment trifluoroethylene trfe and chlorofluoroethylene cfe monomers have larger energy barriers than vdf monomers while a chain in an amorphous environment has a similar transition pathway as that of an isolated molecule in a crystalline environment trfe and cfe monomers expand the lattice and lower the SE barriers for flipping vdf monomers this finding is consistent with exp observations of a C1 electrocaloric effect in pvdftrfecfe terpolymers
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the world health organization regards BQ as a human carcinogen and dsmiv and icd dependence symptoms may develop with heavy use this study conducted in CE taiwan investigated whether betel quid chewers can exhibit overt orienting to selectively respond to the betel quid cues twentyfour male chewers and male nonchewers eye movements to betelquidrelated pictures and matched pictures were assessed during a visual probe task the eye movement index showed that betel quid chewers were more likely to initially direct their gaze to the betel quid cues t p d and spent more time f p ηâ and were more fixated f p ηâ on them the visual probe index response time failed to detect the chewers attentional bias the current study provided the first EM evidence of BQ chewers attentional bias the results demonstrated that the betel quid chewers but not the nonchewers were more likely to initially direct their gaze to the BQ cues and spent more time and were more fixated on them these findings suggested that when attention is directly measured through the eye tracking technique this methodology may be more CS to detecting attentional biases in BQ chewers psycinfo database record
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the AEP brainstem response to clicks of db sensation level was recorded with superimposed pure tones at six frequencies and four sensation levels in an attempt to simulate the effects of tinnitus on the auditory brainstem response changes in responses were assessed by subtracting the ABR response obtained to the clickplustone from the AEP BS response obtained to the immediately preceding click CT the dyssynchrony created by exogenously produced pure tones was considerable and probably reflected adaptation of individual single units however the auditory brainstem response to clicks alone changed markedly from the beginning to the end of the experiment and confounded a simple interpretation of the results
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SN is a CAA NPY produced by endoproteolytic processing from secretogranin ii which is a member of the chromogranin secretogranin family in this ICC T0 we investigated the localization of secretoneurinlike immunoreactivity in the human substantia innominata in relation to the ventral striatopallidal system the bed nucleusamygdala complex and the basal nucleus of meynert a high density of SN immunostaining was found in the medial part of the nucleus accumbens all subdivisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis displayed a very prominent immunostaining for secretoneurin whereas substance p and enkephalin showed a more restricted distribution a high concentration of SN immunoreactivity was also observed in the central and medial amygdaloid nuclei in the lateral bed nucleus of the ST and the sublenticular SI the appearance of SN immunoreactivity was very similar to that of enkephalinlike immunoreactivity exhibiting mostly peridendritic and perisomatic IF the ventral pallidum and the inner pallidal segment displayed strong SN IS secretoneurin did not label ACh SN in the basal forebrain this T0 demonstrates that secretoneurinlike immunoreactivity is prominent in the bed nucleusamygdala complex referred to as extended amygdala the CSD of secretoneurinlike immunoreactivity in comparison with that of other neuroanatomical markers suggests that this forebrain system is a discret compartment in the human forebrain
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brain and RT uptake of lmethylhmethionine hmet lcleucine cleu and lffluorotyrosine ftyr and their incorporation into the acidprecipitable fraction apf were investigated in mice bearing fmap and the higher metastatic fmapa mammary carcinomas in order to compare the potential of positron emitting analogs for measuring protein synthesis rates psr in brain and PT by positron emission tomography pet the total uptake of the hmet by the BB was higher than those of two other amino acids on the other hand the incorporation rates into the apf in the brain and tumors were significantly faster with cleu compared to the others most of the c in the apf was identified in labeled proteins however considerable amounts of h were recovered in the lipid and rna fractions and f was also detected in the lipids among the positron emitting analogs of three amino acids clabeled leu could be the most suitable for measuring psr by pet for all the amino acids the total uptake and the apf both expressed as the injected dose seemed slightly higher in the fmapa than in the fmap although the differences did not reach statistical significance
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there is a worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid CA mostly due to the increased diagnosis of papillary microcarcinoma pmc this review examines its clinical significance and optimal treatment
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ENL is a lignan produced by fermentation of dietary precursors in the human gut because lignan precursors are uniquely found in plant foods plasma enterolactone concentration may serve as a biological marker of plant food consumption this crosssectional study examined associations of dietary intake with plasma enterolactone concentration weightstable yearold volunteers women and men in seattle washington reporting NI of or or or fruit and vegetable servingsday and no antibiotic use for or months completed a food frequency questionnaire and day food record TR fluoroimmunoassay was used to measure plasma enterolactone based on DRs plasma enterolactone was positively correlated with daily vegetable servings r p fiber r p alcohol r p caffeine r p and daily botanical group servings chenopodiaceae r p juglandaceae r p leguminosae r p pedaliaceae r p and vitaceae r p fatrelated variables were not correlated with plasma enterolactone based on LR models plasma of the ATP cellobiose in the active site of dhcdh we propose that the enzyme discriminates against gl by favouring interaction with the nonreducing end of cellobiose
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proteolytic digestions of myosin subfragment s with elastase subtilisin papain thermolysin and staphylococcus aureus protease reveal that the two trypsinsensitive regions in s have broad protease susceptibility the cleavage of s by these enzymes yields products that correspond within kilodaltons kda to the and kda fragments produced by TR papain and thermolysin cut preferentially at the kdakda junction whereas elastase subtilisin and s aureus protease cleave both the kdakda and kdakda junctions in s IB of actin to s decreases the rate of all proteolytic reactions in the kda heavy chain the protection of the kdakda junction by actin is greatest against papain and thermolysin attack the reaction times of PE subtilisin and s aureus protease with s increase fold in the presence of actin however in contrast to similar reactions with trypsin they proceed at both junctions and lead to formation of the and kda fragments the cleavage of the kdakda junction by elastase increases the km value for the actinactivated atpase the presence of the two proteasesensitive regions in s is consistent with a threedomain structure of the myosin head and may have important implications to the mode of intersite communication in this protein
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relational diversity can be characterized by heterogeneous distributions of tie strengths in social networks and this diversity is present not only among humans but throughout the animal world we account for this observation by analyzing two network datasets from facebook we measure the strength of a tie by calculating the extent of overlap of friends between the two individuals based on the previous findings in human experiments we argue that it is very unlikely that players will allocate their investments equally to their neighbors there is a tendency that players prefer to donate more to their intimate friends we find that if players preferentially allocate their investments to their good friends cooperation will be promoted in pdg we proved that the facilitation of the cooperative strategy relies mostly on the cooperative allies between best friends resulting in the formation of cooperative clusters which are able to prevail against the defectors even when there is a C1 cost to cooperate moreover we discover that the effect of relational diversity cannot be analyzed by adopting CP complex networks models because neither of the artificial networks is able to produce networks with diverse distributions of tie strengths it is of vital importance to introduce real social networks to study the influence of diverse relations especially when it comes to humans this research proposes a brand new perspective to understand the influence of social relations on the emergence of cooperation in evolutionary prisoners dilemma games
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proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin pcsk is a new actor discovered in that is implicated in autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia cholesterol homeostasis and coronary HR disease it has been shown to degrade the lowdensity lipoprotein ldl receptor independently of its catalytic activity several pharmacological strategies to reduce pcsk are being thoroughly investigated
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protease and elastase from pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated in female mice by intravenous intraperitoneal intrapleural and intranasal route and the lethality and damage of various organs were examined the protease and elastase exhibited respectively the following minimum lethal dose mld values in hr and mug inoculated intravenously and mug intraperitoneally and and mug intrapleurally the instillation of a defined dose of the enzyme by the intranasal route was difficult to control therefore the mld could not be defined exactly the protease and PE were capable of eliciting hemorrhage at various organs of mice according to the route of inoculation of protease intravenous injections elicited petechial hemorrhage at the lungs and parietal bonearea and severe one in the medullary area of kidney the intraperitoneal injection resulted in petechial hemorrhage of the lungs diaphragm peritoneum and gastrointestinal serosa i.pl. i.v. and intranasal instillation resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage of PE intravenous i.v. elicited confluent pulmonary hemorrhage hemorrhage in the medullary area of kidney and CBF ventricles and petechial hemorrhage at the stomachwalls the intraperitoneal i.v. resulted in petechial hemorrhage at the lungs diaphragm peritoneum and gastointestinal serosa intrapleural injections resulted in confluent PH and petechiae at the diaphragm and pleura intranasal instillation resulted in confluent PH
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trimethylobenzene tmb is a main ingredient of many organic solvents used in industry in farbasol polish trade name of the solvent tmb occurs as a mixture of three isomers pseudocumene tmb mesitylene tmb hemimellitene tmb as it is known in human organism tmb is metabolized mainly to dimethylbenzoic dmba and dimethylhippuric dmha acids and some authors suggest that the acids excreted in urine can be biological indicators of exposure to tmb this T0 was aimed at developing the method of determination of dmba isomers in urine biological material was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide and next extracted with diethyl ether dmba concentration in urine was determined by gas chromatography using a variant of quantitative analysis with internal standard methylisopropylphenol thymol analytical parameters of the developed method of determination of dmba isomers in urine such as linearity precision reproducibility stability days when urine samples stored at degrees c detectability limit microgramsdm have been fully compatible with the requirements of biological monitoring in order to confirm the presence of dmba isomers in urine four volunteers were exposed hours to farbasol in toxicological chamber the tmb concentration in the air determined by means of gas chromatograph hp amounted to mgm mac value in poland in urine samples collected dimethylbenzoic acids were identified by means of gcmsdabstract truncated at words
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mutations in phex a phosphateregulating gene with homology to endopeptidases on the x chromosome are responsible for xlinked hypophosphatemia xlh the mu hyp homologue has the phenotypic features of xlh and harbors a C1 deletion in the region of the phex gene we characterized the developmental expression and tissue CSD of phex protein using a monoclonal antibody against human phex examined the effect of the hyp mutation on phex expression and compared neprilysin nep osteocalcin and parathyroid hormoneparathyroid hormonerelated protein pthpthrp receptor mRNA in bone of normal and hyp mice phex encodes a to kda glycoprotein which is present in bones and teeth of normal mice but not hyp animals these results were confirmed by in situ hybridization ish and ribonuclease RPA phex protein expression in femur and calvaria decreases with age suggesting a correlation between phex expression and bone formation immunohistochemical studies detected phex protein in osteoblasts osteocytes and odontoblasts but not in osteoblast precursors in contrast to phex the abundance of nep messenger rna mrna and protein is not significantly altered in hyp bone similarly osteocalcin and PPR mRNA are not compromised in bone of hyp mice our results are consistent with the hypothesis that loss of phex function affects the mineralizing activity of OBs rather than their differentiation
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evidence from animal and human studies indicates that epilepsy can affect cardiac CF although the molecular basis of this remains poorly understood hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotidegated hcn channels generate pacemaker activity and modulate cellular excitability in the BB and HR with altered expression and CF associated with epilepsy and cardiomyopathies whether hcn expression is altered in the heart in association with epilepsy has not been investigated previously we studied cardiac EP properties and hcn channel subunit expression in rat models of genetic generalized epilepsy genetic absence epilepsy rats from strasbourg gaers and acquired temporal lobe epilepsy poststatus epilepticus se we hypothesized that the OD of epilepsy is associated with altered cardiac EP function and altered cardiac hcn channel expression
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altered microcirculatory perfusion may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of NP diffuse reflectance spectroscopy drs can measure dynamic alterations in the microcirculation over a larger area than IVM
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taz transcriptional coactivator with pdzbinding motif also called wwtr ww domain containing transcription regulator is a binding molecule homologous to yesassociated protein taz acts as a coactivator for several transcription factors as well as a modulator of membraneassociated pdz domaincontaining proteins but its pathophysiological roles remain unknown here we show that gene inactivation of taz in mice resulted in pathological changes in the kidney and lung that resemble the common human diseases polycystic kidney disease and PE taznulllacz knockin mutant homozygotes demonstrated renal cyst formation as early as embryonic day with dilatation of bowmans capsules and proximal tubules followed by pelvic dilatation and hydronephrosis T3 birth only onefifth of tazdeficient homozygotes grew to adulthood and demonstrated multicystic kidneys with severe urinary concentrating defects and polyuria furthermore adult tazdeficient homozygotes exhibited diffuse emphysematous changes in the lung thus taz is essential for developmental mechanisms involved in kidney and lung organogenesis whose disturbance may lead to the pathogenesis of common human diseases
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clinically achievable mild temperature local hyperthermia degrees c has been demonstrated to be an effective adjuvant to radiotherapy in preclinical and clinical studies in this article we briefly review the recent progress in the following areas the effect of mild temperature hyperthermia mth on tumour hypoxia and blood perfusion as assessed by dual marker immunohistochemistry ihc the kinetics of mth induced changes in tumour hypoxia the potential role of heatinduced tumour reoxygenation on radio and chemosensitisation the potential role of mth in combination with V1 targeting agents vtas on tumour response and noninvasive PCD of changes in tumour oxygenation and blood perfusion it is shown that mth by itself or in combination with vtas leads to changes in tumour perfusion and oxygenation with potential for radio and chemosensitisation
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a novel fluorescent chemosensor rhodamine b phenyl hydrazide rbph for hg was designed and synthesized this probe is highly CS selective and irreversible for hg and exhibits FL response at nm rbph also displayed detectable color NC from colorless to pink upon treatment with hg this property has been utilized as naked eye PCD for hg in various industrial samples fluorescence microscopic experiments demonstrated that this chemosensor is cell permeable and can be used for fluorescence imaging of hg in cellular media this probe can detect hg with good linear relationships from to nm with r and the limit of PCD were found to be nm with ± rsd at nm concentrations
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mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath strands were isolated from maize leaves light microscopic observation showed the S9 were pure and without cross contamination protein blot analysis of mesophyll and BS cell soluble protein showed that the concentration of Pyr orthophosphate dikinase ec is about onetenth as much in the BSC as in mesophyll cells but about eight times greater than that found in wheat leaves on the basis of soluble protein phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ec was barely detectable in the bundle sheath cells while Rubisco ec and nadpdependent malic enzyme ec were exclusively present in the BS cells and were absent in the mesophyll cells whereas pyruvate pi dikinase was previously considered localized only in mesophyll cells of c plants these results clearly demonstrate the presence of appreciable quantities of the enzyme in the BSC of the c species maize
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measurement of visceral sensitivity in animals is mainly based on pseudoaffective responses which are BS reflexes for example in female but not male rats acute partial restraint stress induces hypersensitivity to colorectal distension mucosal mast cell density increases in rats T3 nematode infection or MD and both also induce colon hypersensitivity significantly the proximity between SN and mast cells has been found to be increased in adult rats submitted to maternal deprivation protease activation of the proteinaseactivated receptor also increases visceral nociception in rats suggesting that an increase in paracellular permeability may be the primum movens in several animal models of visceral hypersensitivity accumulating evidence suggests that sensitization of visceral afferents is not restricted to the presumed nociceptor population suggesting that most of the MS afferent population can contribute to visceral discomfort and pain other inflammationproduced changes eg subunit composition of purinegated px channels in visceral sensory neurones may also contribute to visceral hypersensitivity this article discusses use of in vivo strategies and TGM models to reveal putative roles in mechanosensitivity and sensitization for molecules not previously considered to have mechanosensory functions
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the relation between the true plasma creatinine concentration pc and the glomerular filtration rate QTc for BS area gfrsa was investigated in individuals and the following formula was derived gfrsa mlmin per msa ht cmpc mg ml this formula was tested in a second group of children and its accuracy and precision was compared to the hour creatinine clearance it was found to be superior to the creatinine clearance overall and was as good even if all results involving suspect hoururine collections were eliminated from analysis the formula in si usage is gfrsa mlmin per msa ht cmpc mumoll
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technetiumm phytate has been suggested as a bonemarrow imaging agent this article compares the biodistribution of tcm labeled bone marrow phytate TSC and diphosphonate in young rats and rabbits autoclaved bone marrow phytate revealed significant longbase depositon but of this activity was associated with compact bone and only with bone marrow this distribution is similar to that of diphosphonate but significantly different from that of sulfur colloid technetiummphytate is not recommended as a bonemarrow imaging agent
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the startle response sr has a close relationship with AS responses startle modification srm has been widely used to T0 stress disorders eg PTS disorder the framework of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems bisbas has been thought to correspond with withdrawal and RPA motivational processes underlying affective srm and can influence stress CR vagallymediated cardiac activity as indexed by HRV hrv has been associated with srm and RII processes during stress in the present study the influence of individual differences in the bisbas and resting hrv on affective srm were examined eightysix subjects viewed affective pictures while acoustic sr stimuli were delivered individual differences in motivation were measured by the bisbas scales the magnitude of sr was assessed as electromyographic activity of the sr eyeblink during pictures of different valences resting hrv was derived from electrocardiography in contrast to previous studies the present results showed that startle inhibition and potentiation were related to bas and hrv but not to bis there was also an interaction of bas and hrv indicating that the relationship between hrv and srm strengthened as bas scores decreased the present findings suggest that bas may relate to both withdrawal and approach and trait stress reactivity is influenced by bas and cardiac vagal activity in addition bas moderates the relationship between cardiac vagal activity and srm these findings have both theoretical and practical implications for the T0 of srm AS disorders and health
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computerized mmode echocardiography was used to evaluate left VVI anatomy and function in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus without signs of overt heart disease a similar T0 was performed in patients with hypertension of similar severity and duration and in normal subjects mean PWT and mean septal thickness were increased in hypertensive patients compared to normal p less than but diabetic patients had thicker septa with respect to nondiabetics p less than all hypertensivediabetic patients had reduced peak lengthening rate andor peak velocity of PW thinning six of them also had reduced peak vcf andor peak velocity of posterior wall thickening only of the patients with hypertension alone had abnormal diastolic function out of these also had abnormal systolic CF we conclude that diabetes causes more severe impairment of left VF in patients with a similar degree of hypertension the more consistent CA are reduced rate of dimension increase during filling and slower wall thinning suggesting impaired left VVI relaxation and DC
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the topographical distribution of GCs and displaced amacrine cells in the guinea pig retina is described neurons were counted in the GCL SL of retinal whole mounts stained by the method of nissl or retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase neuronal soma size was estimated from samples taken from different retinal regions we estimate that a total of SN comprise the guinea pig GCL layer and they consist of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells the visual streak is poorly differentiated GCL density reaches a peak of cellsmm in a temporal expansion of the visual streak mm toward the optic disk the visual streak temporal expansion may represent the analogue of the area centralis for this species the ventral hemiretina has a higher GCL density than the dorsal hemiretina the displaced ACs are more uniformly distributed than the ganglion cells the present paper provides relevant data concerning the number and CSD of the SN of the retinal ganglion cell which were not available or were very contradictory in the literature
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tributyltin tbt has been recognized as a particularly important pollutant human SE to tbt persists via consumption of tbtcontaining meat and fish products although it is well known that highdose tbt exerts immunotoxic effects such as thymic atrophy the effect of lowdose tbt exposure on immune responses remains elusive our previous studies demonstrated that tbt at environmentally relevant doses promoted t helper th polarization via enhancement of th differentiation and preferential induction of apoptosis in th which is associated with the exacerbation of thdriven allergic airway inflammation in the present study we explored the possibility that tbt might preferentially induce apoptosis in foxp regulatory TA treg which play an indisputable role in the negative regulation of immune responses
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francisella tularensis the etiological agent of tularemia is capable of infecting a wide range of animals and causes a severe lethal disease in humans the pathogen evades killing by cells of the innate immune system utilizing genes encoding a pathogenicity island including iglabcd and instead utilizes these cells as a niche for replication and dissemination to other organs within the host regulators of the igl genes eg mgla sspa fevr and pmra have been identified but environmental stimuli and mechanisms of regulation are as yet unknown and are likely to involve additional gene products in this work we more closely examine the roles that environmental iron and the ferric uptake repressor protein fur play in the regulation of the iglabcd operon we also used a genetic approach to identify and characterize a new regulator of the igl operon designated migr macrophage intracellular growth regulator ftl quantitative realtime reverse transcriptionpcr in a sitedirected migr mutant confirmed the reduction in the number of iglc transcripts in this CS and also demonstrated reduced expression of fevr comparison of the migr and fevr mutants in monocytederived macrophages mdms and epithelial cell lines revealed a reduced ability for each mutant to grow in mdms yet only the fevr mutant exhibited impaired replication in epithelial cell lines confocal analysis of INF mdms revealed that although neither mutant reached the mdm cytosol the fevr mutant was trapped in lamppositive phagosomes whereas the migr mutant resided in mature phagolysosomes EC with both lamp and cathepsin d disruption of migr and fevr also impaired the ability of f tularensis to prevent PMNL oxidant production thus we have identified migr a gene that regulates expression of the iglabcd operon and is essential for bacterial growth in mdms and also contributes to the blockade of neutrophil nadph oxidase activity
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to assess the prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with a PH of recurrent early pregnancy loss repl andor fetal demise fd
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singlecrystalline bawo and bacro nanorods of reproducible shape and of varying sizes have been controllably prepared using a simple roomtemperature RPA based on the use of porous alumina template CM aligned bawo and bacro nanorod arrays can be obtained by dissolving the template our facile technique which is analogous to biomineralization offers a promising and generalized methodology to prepare other types of freestanding abo nanorods and their corresponding nanorod arrays extensive characterization of these samples has been performed using scanning electron microscopy sem transmission electron microscopy tem HRTEM hrtem energydispersive xray spectroscopy eds selected area electron diffraction saed RS ftinfrared spectroscopy ftir and xray diffraction xrd
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the mechanisms explaining As toxicity are not well understood but physiological consequences of stimulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor ahr signaling both directly and through crosstalk with other pathways have been indicated the aim of this study was to establish how arsenic interacts with ahrmediated transcription the HepG2 cell line hepgxreluc carrying a luciferase reporter under the control of two ahr response elements ahres and immortalized human keratinocytes hacat were exposed to sodium arsenite naaso as alone or in combination with the endogenous high affinity ahr ligand formylindolobcarbazole ficz luciferase activity cytochrome pa cypa activity oxidative stressrelated responses metabolic clearance of ficz and nadph oxidase nox activity as well as nuclear factor erythroidderived like nrfdependent gene expression were measured arsenic inhibited cypa enzyme activity and reduced the metabolic clearance of ficz arsenic also led to activated cypa transcription but only in cells grown in medium containing trace amounts of the endogenous ligand ficz pointing to an indirect mechanism of activation initially As caused dosedependent inhibition of ficzactivated ahr signaling disturbed intracellular gsh status and increased expression of oxidative stressrelated genes silencing of nox addition of nacetylcystein or pretreatment with arsenic itself attenuated the initial dosedependent inhibition of ahr signaling arsenic i.c.v. led to elevated gsh levels and sensitized the cells to liganddependent ahr signaling while silencing of nrf significantly reduced arsenicmediated activation of the ahr in addition influence of nox on ahr activation was also observed in cells treated with the shreactive metals Cd mercury and nickel together the results suggest that shreactive agents via a new and possibly general noxhodependent mechanism can interfere with the endogenous regulation of the ahr
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analysis of apoptosis in the human adrenal appears to be of eminent importance in the understanding of adrenal structure zonation and function in this T0 we investigated the programmed cell death of normal adrenal tissues on the basis of apoptotic index by the nonradioactive in situ end labeling of dna fragments proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna cd cluster of differentiation L1 DLA class ii immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis the highest AI was detected in the outermost zones of the adrenal SC mainly in the zona glomerulosa a labeling index of mean sem for zona glomerulosa for ZF for zona reticularis and for the zona medullaris was found immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish between apoptotic and s phase cells positive antipcna IF occurred in the inner cortical zones whereas anticd signals appeared throughout the whole SC albeit at a much weaker level mhc class ii expression which is known to be associated with PCD was demonstrated in the inner cortical zone the data showed that mechanisms of cell death other than necrosis occur in the adrenal in conclusion we found a differential regulation of cell death for each zone of the adrenal cortex the old theories of adrenal zonation migrational vs zonal or transformation theory may in fact correlate with each other
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pt upregulates cytokine expression competitively inhibiting the DPP activity of fibroblast activation protein fap and DPP iv dppiv this doseescalation T0 was conducted to evaluate the safety of pt in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy and to assess its effects on PMNL recoverypt was administered orally for days as a microg microg microg or microg total daily dose divided twice daily to and patients respectively patients received cycles of chemotherapy the first cycle served as each individual patients control patients had to develop grade neutropenia in cycle in order to receive pt in cycle most patients received pt on days of chemotherapy in cycle except at microg where an additional cohort n was treated on a days schedule five of patients receiving microg on days experienced a day improvement in grade neutropenia in cycle versus cycle overall pt was well tolerated a reduction in chemotherapyrelated nausea vomiting fatigue alopecia and diarrhea was noted in patients receiving pt edemaperipheral swelling SH hypovolemia and dizziness were the most common nonhematologic AEs considered related to pt two grade AEs were considered related to pt syncope microg and OH microg a maximum tolerated dose was not reached given the accelerated neutrophil REC preclinical evidence of antitumor activity and tolerable toxicities of pt additional studies to optimize the pt dosing schedule in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy are needed
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cryopreserved primary cultures of golden syrian hamster embryo cells were used as the source of target and feeder cells for establishing an in vitro carcinogenesis bioassay the primary SC giving the best overall response in a pretest before freezing gave positive results in consecutive experiments when retested with methylcholanthrene after cryopreservation indicating that pretested CP cultures can serve as a source of susceptible target cells in an in vitro carcinogenesis bioassay similarly prepared and cryopreserved cultures served satisfactorily as feeder cells susceptible positive cultures were used to test a C1 number of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic chemicals in this system the results showed a very high positive rho between morphological transformation and the reported carcinogenic activity of the chemicals transformation was not observed when cells were tested with a few carcinogens that may not be metabolized to their active forms by early passage hamster embryo cells nacetylaminofluorene transformed cells only when tested in the presence of hamster liver microsomes no false positive results were obtained when noncarcinogens were bioassayed nor was spontaneous transformation observed in control cultures treated with medium CT dimethylsulfoxide or other solvents cultures derived from morphologically transformed colonies arising after treatment of cells with several known carcinogens were tumorigenic in vivo confirming the rho of morphological transformation with tumorigenicity and the validity of altered morphology as an in vitro criterion for carcinogenicity in vivo
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UB cystometry using urethral catheters is described in vivo in a urethaneanesthetized guinea pig preparation and compared to an awakeanimal preparation in which surgically implanted catheters were used anticholinergic drugs dosedependently inhibited the peak intravesical pressure pvesp to a maximum of approximately but had no effect on other cystometrogram cmg parameters threshold pressure bladder capacity stereoselectivity was evident dexetimide but not levetimide potently depressed pvesp oxybutynin was equipotent id approximately mgkg in both preparations and showed a similar duration of action t min the data suggests that cmg parameters and the effects of oxybutynin were not affected by urethane anesthesia making the in vivo urethaneanesthetized guinea pig preparation a valuable tool to evaluate both the filling and voiding phases of CMG
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kawasaki syndrome ks occurs in children years of age and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in the united states understanding the epidemiology of ks and AF associated with coronary i.a. CA caa may lead to timely diagnosis and treatment of ks and could limit caa
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following left VVI assist device lvad implantation in endstage HF the management of right ventricular dysfunction presents a therapeutic problem unresolved by conventional drug therapy catecholamines nitrates and prostacyclin this study was performed to investigate the effects of supplemental inhalation of nitric oxide no a selective pulmonary vasodilator postoperatively and prospectively
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a bank of reagents for hog SS protein allotypes has been created all of these allotypes passed international comparison tests in the bank can be used for typing the animals for four generally accepted gp lpb lpr and iggh and several experimental systems in this T0 immunogenetic characteristics of some pig breeds LW lithuanian white swedish landrace kakhetinskaya and svanetskaya bred in georgia are compared with those of western siberian breeds large white kemerovskaya and RNA siberian and some foreign breeds as well as with EU caucasian and siberian subspecies of the wild boar
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the occurrence of late asthmatic reactions T3 bronchial allergen challenge was studied in house dust mite allergic patients subdivided in three CG one group had asthma without nasal PS another group had rhinitis without pulmonary PS and a third group had a combination of both asthma and rhinitis late asthmatic reactions were present in of AP and in of rhinitis patients the degree of nonspecific BR to histamine provocative dose or pd histamine and the degree of immediate reactivity to allergen pd house dust mite did not differ significantly between patients with and without late asthmatic reactions these findings suggest that an important difference between asthma and rhinitis is the lack of late asthmatic reactions in rhinitis patients whereas the degree of immediate BR to the allergen is similar in asthma and rhinitis
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aviscumine is a ribosomeinactivating protein with potent antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo and is an escherichia coliderived recombinant counterpart of natural mistletoe lectini the current study was performed to determine the safety profile doselimiting toxicity dlt and maximum tolerated dose mtd of a prolonged infusion of aviscumine in cancer patients aviscumine was given once weekly as a h CE intravenous infusion in patients with advanced refractory prhoring villi and by cells within the trophoblastic shell cytokeratinpositiveccrpositive cells consistent with trophoblasts were also found scattered within the stroma and were often clustered around blood vessels isolated trophoblast cells expressed ccr as determined by immunocytochemistry and rtpcr analyses isolated trophoblasts migrated towards rantes when cultured in migration chambers and migration was reduced in the presence of anticcr antibody when trophoblasts were cultured on dishes coated with recombinant rantes expression of beta integrin was increased the rantesinduced increase in beta integrin expression was inhibited by pertussis toxin these data suggest a role for rantes and ccr in the regulation of trophoblast migration within the endometrium and within the uterine vasculature
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the wntbetacatenin signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator in bone development and bone homeostasis lossoffunction mutations in the wnt coreceptor lrp result in OP and activating mutations in lrp result in high BMC dickkopf dkk is a secreted wnt inhibitor that binds lrp and lrp during embryonic OD therefore it is expected that a decrease in dkk will result in an increase in wnt activity and a high bone mass phenotype dkk knockout mice are embryonic lethal but mice with hypomorphic dkkd doubleridge alleles that express low amounts of dkk are viable in this study we generated an allelic series by crossing dkk and dkkd mice resulting in the following genotypes with decreasing dkk expression C2 d and d using muct imaging we scanned dissected left femora and calvariae from weekold mice n we analyzed the distal femur to represent trabecular bone and the femur diaphysis for cortical EC bone a region of the parietal bones was used to analyze intramembranous bone of the calvaria we found that trabecular bone volume is increased in dkk mutant mice in a manner that is inversely proportional to the level of dkk expression trabeculae number and thickness were significantly higher in the low dkk expressing genotypes from both female and male mice similar results were found in cortical bone with an increase in CT and cross sectional area of the femur diaphysis that correlated with lower dkk expression no consistent differences were found in the calvaria measurements our results indicate that the progressive dkk reduction increases trabecular and cortical bone mass and that even a reduction in dkk expression could produce significant increases in trabecular bone volume fraction thus dkk is a negative regulator of normal bone homeostasis in vivo our T0 suggests that manipulation of dkk CF or expression may have therapeutic significance for the treatment of low BMC disorders
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children that are abused have an increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders later in life because of the negative effects of AS on the developing brain we used a maternal separation model in rats to see how NTs AS hormones behavior and the AOP of serum are affected rat pups were separated from their mothers for hday on days maternal separation caused changes in levels of ngf and nt in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus increased basal corticosterone C2 and decreased acth levels T3 acute restraint stress the AOP of the RS was significantly lower in the MS group depressivelike behavior measured during a forced swim test was seen in maternally separated rats after additional chronic stress during adulthood MS caused downregulation of NTs in the VP hippocampus possibly as an effect of high corticosterone C2 but compensatory mechanisms against cell death may be involved as neurotrophin C2 increased in the dorsal hippocampus decreased AOP of SS could have been an effect of downregulated neurotrophin C2
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a waterborne outbreak occurred in a town in akita prefecture on march enterotoxigenic escherichia coli etec strains were isolated from of feces of patients with food poisoning disease and from of drinking water samples in addition e coli strains harboring enteroaggregative e coli eaggec HS enterotoxin east gene were isolated from of patients feces and feces sample obtained from the septic tank both of the e coli strains were isolated from the patients feces suggesting that this outbreak was a mixed infectious case all of the etec strains possessed both heatstable enterotoxin st and east genes and their serotype was oh the east gene was detected on a ca kb plasmid by a SB analysis using east dna probe in the of etec strains the southern blot analysis suggested that the location of the east gene was genome in the rest of the etec strains a southern blot analysis using st dna probe also suggested that the location of the st gene was genome in all of the etec strains on the other hand all of the e coli strains harboring east gene could not be serotyped with commercially available oh sera the location of the east gene in all of the isolates was suggested to be genome by the southern blot analysis all of the isolates lacked agga gene which has been demonstrated to be involved in expression of AA phenotype in eaggec suggesting that the east geneharboring strains isolated in this case were distinct from eaggec these results indicated that the east gene was also harbored by e coli strains distinct from eaggec in addition a possibility was also suggested that the east gene might be a transposon as well as st gene further T0 should be conducted in order to elucidate the significance of east as a vilurence factor of diarrheagenic e coli
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the role is reviewed of gastric antisecretory and mucosal protective drugs in the prevention of nsaidinduced gastric and DU mucosal lesions the results of the randomized doubleblind controlled trials show that misoprostol is the only antiulcer drug proven to be effective in the prevention of nsaidinduced gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as for reducing serious upper gastrointestinal complications perforation andor haemorrhage however recent data suggest that even omeprazole and high dose of hreceptor antagonists may have a role in the prevention of nsaidinduced gastric and DU ulcerations
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the purpose of this T0 was to show that independence of self care activities of motor complete quadriplegic patients related better to the force of contraction of the wrist extensor we muscles measured by a hand held myometer than to the manual muscle test mmt for grades to the patients n identified by having unilaterally or bilaterally PET we muscle mmt or with bilateral elbow extensor ee muscles were evaluated at to months T3 injury for four FF MICs utilizing the quadriplegia index of CF qif we found were independent drinking from a cup using a spoon or fork cutting food and pouring liquids comparisons were made between RA left and BL mean myometry scores and median mmt scores for each of the qif activities the independent group of patients had myometry scores to greater p than those patients dependent in the self care activity except when the RA or left we myometric score was analyzed for cutting food p mmt comparisons showed no significant median score differences in any activity performed there were no patients with only one we muscle or n who were able to cut food or pour liquids independently in conclusion myometry appeared to be a better indicator than the mmt for some self care MICs evaluated utilizing the quadriplegia index of function
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dyt and dyt are earlyonset dominant inherited dystonias dyt is caused by mutations of the tora gene located on q which causes dysfunction of the d direct pathway or the indirect pathway dysfunction of the former causes posturaltype and segmental dystonia the latter causes actiontype dystonia in families with actiontype dystonia there are cases with focal and segmental dystonia ages of onset of posturaltype dystonia are around years and to years in cases of actiontype dystonia focal and segmental dystonia develops in the teens mental and psychological functions are preserved dyt is caused by heterozygous mutations of the gch gene located on qq again mental and psychological functions are preserved clinically there are two types postural and action posturaltype dystonia occurs around years of age with postural dystonia of one leg and all extremities and trunk muscles are involved by the late teens actiontype dystonia shows dystonic movements from around to years of age in both types all symptoms show diurnal fluctuations that diminish with age and are no longer apparent in the late teens ldopa produces dramatic effects which continue throughout the course of the illness in both postural and action types each family or sporadic case has a particular mutation it remains unclear why TPS mutations cause certain age and genderspecific symptoms
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earlier epidemiologic studies have yielded inconsistent results on the extent and timing of the blood pressure bp increase in F1 of hypertensive parents we hypothesized that a familial influence on the bp of the F1 exists from birth on but becomes significant only later in childhood we studied the influence of familial occurrence of hypertension on the bp of children aged to years during a year followup in addition we examined the possible associations of bp variations with polymorphisms of two candidate genes for hypertension ie those coding for the angiotensin CE ace and those coding for angiotensinogen a positive family PH of hypertension was reflected as the occurrence of higher SBP values from the age of years and upward among the females and from the age of years and upward among the males the mean differences in bp varied from to mm hg systolic and to mm hg diastolic between the female F1 of normotensive and hypertensive parents and grandparents the SBP values were significantly higher among females with a hypertensive history in two generations in comparison with females from normotensive families among the male F1 of hypertensive and normotensive families the bp differences were inconsistent the deletiondeletion males had higher systolic bp values than those with other ace genotypes in contrast variation at the angiotensinogen gene locus was not significantly associated with bp we conclude that parental PH of hypertension is a risk factor for HBP among the F1 from the ages of to years and upward and hypertension within two generations may enhance this effect although the common genetic R2 of ace may influence blood pressure in male children and adolescents our data do not suggest a role for the common R2 of the angiotensinogen gene as a bp regulator during childhood
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the principal renal action of loop diuretics is to inhibit AS nacl transport in the thick ascending limb of the LH however apart from their specific tubular action kidney function may be affected in other ways by employing the enantiomeres of the new loop diuretic ozolinone nonstereospecific increase in RBF and inhibition of tubular secretion of paminohippurate and urate were found in contrast electrolyte transport in the LH was inhibited stereospecifically perfusion of single loops of rat kidneys in vivo with sugarspecific lectins suggested that a fucosecontaining glycoprotein is involved in electrolyte transport in this tubular segment loop diuretics might interact with this glycoprotein leading to inhibition of electrolyte transport evidence is presented to suggest that this protein is the tammhorsfall protein this fucosecontaining glycoprotein is localized in the cell membranes of the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle it binds furosemide at concentrations very close to those required for inhibition of electrolyte transport in vivo furthermore there is CR agreement between the sodium concentration necessary for stimulation of active transport in isolated thick ascending limbs of the loop of henle and that necessary for IB of furosemide to the tammhorsfall glycoprotein
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traditional methods of evaluating sexual CF in disabled individuals using neurological examinations interviews and psychological screening has been well established a patients ability to have erections and ejaculations are recorded through interviews with the patient and his partner therefore to obtain a more objective view of the patients sexual function we used a NPT monitor in tetraplegics and paraplegics patients were interviewed for sexual histories before and after the injury their penile size was monitored during sleeping time using two CS gauges attached to each end of the penile shaft the bridge output from these straiis suggested that disynaptic excitation evoked by pyramidal stimulation above the lower pyramidal lesion is mediated by medullary reticulospinal neurones possessing MSR excitatory connexions with neck motoneurones longer latency excitation appears to be mediated by neurones that receive CST input and are located in the spinal segments containing the neck MNs disynaptic inhibition is mediated by neurones likely to be situated between the second cervical spinal segment and the level of the lower pyramidal lesion the results also suggest that the first neurone in the chain mediating longer RL inhibition is located in the brain stem the differences in pyramidal synaptic input between SP and biventer cerviciscomplexus motoneurones are considered in relation to the roles these muscles may serve in head position control
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pituitary adenoma in a rabbita moold female nulliparous new zealand WG rb oryctolagus cuniculus presented with bilaterally diffusely enlarged mammary glands with enlarged discolored teats that exuded brown mucoid discharge the CBC and serum chemistry panels were within normal limits bacteria were not isolated from a SC of the discharge and the clinical signs did not resolve with antibiotic treatment computed tomography and serum prolactin levels supported the diagnosis of mammary gland dysplasia possibly due to a prolactinsecreting PIT adenoma histologic DUE confirmed the presence of a PIT adenoma mammary hyperplasia dysplasia and cystic mammary adenocarcinoma immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of abundant prolactin secreting cells in the PIT adenoma this is the second report of hyperprolactinemia with mammary dysplasia in rabbits and the first report of cystic mammary adenocarcinoma associated with a prolactinsecreting PIT adenoma in a rabbit
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conventional photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinate alapdt selectively induces apoptosis in diseased cells and is highly ERP for treating actinic keratoses however similar results are achieved only in a subset of patients with cutaneous TCL ctcl our previous work shows that the AI resistance of ctcl correlates with low expression of death receptors like fas cell surface DR fas and that methotrexate upregulates fas by inhibiting the methylation of its promoter acting as an epigenetic derepressor that restores the susceptibility of faslow ctcl to caspasemediated apoptosis here we demonstrate that methotrexate increases the response of ctcl to alapdt a concept we refer to as epigenetically enhanced pdt epdt multiple ctcl cell lines were subjected to conventional pdt versus epdt apoptotic biomarkers were analyzed in situ with multispectral imaging analysis of immunostained cells a method that is quantitative and à more CS than standard IH for antigen PCD compared to conventional pdt or methotrexate CT epdt led to significantly greater cell death in all ctcl cell lines tested by inducing greater activation of caspasemediated extrinsic apoptosis upregulation of fas andor TN factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand pathway components was observed in different ctcl cell lines these findings provide a rationale for PCTs of epdt for ctcl
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four CG were used each consisting of male aci rats GI received a single subcutaneous injection of mg dimethylhydrazine dmhkg body weight and was fed on BD until the termination of the experiment group ii received the same single injection as in group i and then starting one week later was fed the diet containing dextran sulfate sodium dsm group iii received an injection of sodium chloride and then dsm diet the control group was given neither dmh nor dsm diet the experiment was terminated after weeks a significantly higher incidence of colorectal carcinoma was observed in group ii as compared with GI p less than these data demonstrate the enhancing effect of dsm on colorectal carcinogenesis
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alphasynuclein is a presynaptic protein of unknown function that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of parkinsons disease to gain insight into the function of alphasynuclein the present study examined the association between alphasynuclein and the following bcl family proteins bcl bclxl bclassociated death promoter bad and bclassociated xprotein the results of a IB assay using gluthathione stransferase gst F0 alphasynuclein protein and an IPA revealed that wildtype or mutant ap and at alphasynuclein approximately kda does not bind to any of these members of the bcl family furthermore no binding was observed between alphasynuclein and bad regardless of the phosphorylation state of the serine residue in bad in contrast alphasynuclein was observed to bind to synphilin although alphasynuclein has been reported to bind to bad modification of alphasynuclein might be required for such IB to occur
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human enterovirus ev is the main causative agent of hand foot and mouth disease hfmd and is associated with several severe neurological complications in the asiapacific region here we evaluated that while passive transfer of NT monoclonal antibody nmab against the vp protein protect against lethal ev infection in balbc mice protective nmab were mapped to residues of vp by peptide elisa highresolution structural analysis showed that the epitope is part of the vp ef loop which is the puff region that forms the southern rim of the canyon moreover a threedimensional structural characterization for the puff region with prior neutralizing epitopes and receptorbinding sites that can serve to inform vaccine strategies interestingly using hepatitis b virus core protein hbc as a carrier we demonstrated that the crossneutralizing ev antibodies were induced and the vp epitope immunized mice serum also conferred in vivo passive protection the mechanism of in vivo protection conferred by vp nmab is in part attributed to the in vitro neutralizing titer and ability to bind authentic viral particles importantly the antivpaa antibodies could inhibit the IB of human serum to ev virions showed that the vp epitope is immunodominant collectively our results suggest that a broadspectrum vaccine strategy targeting the highaffinity epitope of vp ef loop may elicits effective immune responses against ev infection
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research on chronic GF requires a graft retransplantation model to elucidate the affects of early SPK episodes on LT VG survival prolonged ICM time is the L1 hurdle for this retransplant model here we describe a novel technique of mouse heart retransplantation with a shortened retransplant ICM time and higher success rate the primary HR SPK employed an allogeneic ABD hearttransplant technique balbc to cbl mice thirty to days later the VG was reharvested and retransplanted into the second syngeneic recipient balbc mice by using C2 heterotopic heart transplantation with a cuff technique the total ischemic time of retransplant was reduced to within min with the cuff technique and a greater retransplant success rate was achieved this HR retransplantation technique is a novel useful tool in transplantation research
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the authors tested the null hypothesis that published literature with a high level of evidence does not support the assertion that subarachnoid hemorrhage sah causes cerebral vasospasm which in turn causes cerebral infarction and poor outcome T3 aneurysmal sah the medical literature on sah was searched in medline the authors personal files of all published literature on sah were reviewed references cited in cochrane reviews as well as the published papers that were reviewed were also retrieved there is no question that sah causes what the authors have chosen to call angiographic vasospasm however the incidence and severity of vasospasm in recent series of patients is not well defined there is reasonable evidence that vasospasm causes infarction but again accurate data on how severe and how diffuse vasospasm has to be to cause infarction and how often vasospasm is the primary cause of infarction are not available there are good data on the incidence of CBF infarction after sah and these data indicate that it is highly associated with poor outcome the link between angiographic vasospasm and poor outcome is particularly poorly described in terms of what would be considered data of a high level of evidence the question as to whether there is a clear pathway from sah to vasospasm to cerebral infarction to poor outcome seems so obvious to neurosurgeons as to make it one not worth asking nevertheless the obvious is not always true or accurate so it is important to note that published literature only weakly supports the causative association of vasospasm with infarction and poor outcome T3 sah it behooves neurosurgeons to document this seemingly straightforward pathway with highquality evidence acceptable to the proponents of evidencebased medicine
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obesity is a major risk factor for the development of illnesses such as insulin resistance and hypertension and has become a serious public health problem mammals have developed a circadian clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei scn that responds to the environmental L/D cycle clocks similar to the one located in the scn are found in peripheral tissues such as the kidney liver and adipose tissue the circadian clock regulates metabolism and SE homeostasis in IP tissues by mediating activity andor expression of key metabolic enzymes and transport systems knockouts or mutations in clock genes that lead to disruption of cellular rhythmicity have provided evidence to the tight link between the circadian clock and metabolism in addition key proteins play a dual role in regulating the core clock mechanism as well as AT metabolism and link circadian rhythms with lipogenesis and lipolysis adipose tissues are distinguished as WG brown and beige or brite each with unique metabolic characteristics recently the role of the circadian clock in regulating the differentiation into the different adipose tissues has been investigated in this review the role of clock proteins and the downstream signaling pathways in white brown and brite AT function and differentiation will be reviewed in addition chronodisruption and metabolic disorders and clinical aspects of circadian adiposity will be addressed
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antigeninduced activation of a chicken gammaglobulin cggspecific lyt t cell clone measured both as a CF of proliferation and immune interferon Th1 production is restricted by a class ii determinant of the H-2 complex mhc mapped to the ia subregion as determined by studies with both recombinant inbred lines and monoclonal antibodies activation of lyt picryl chloride pcspecific cloned t cell lines by TNP tnpcoupled SP cells results in proliferation and the production of at least two lymphokines lymphotoxin lt and ifngamma this antigenspecific activation is restricted to a class i determinant of the mhc complex encoded in the k region thus the common intracellular pathway leading to production of Th1 by lyt and lyt t cells is mediated and restricted through different surface recognition units the lt that is produced by antigenspecific activation of TA not only kills fibroblasts but it inhibits interleukin il maintained TA as well activation of t cells by concanavalin a con a results in suicidal inhibition of proliferation and cell death by those clones that make lt but not by those that produce only ifngamma under such induction conditions these results indicate that it is neither con a nor ifngamma that kills TA but lt these results strongly suggest a selfregulatory role of lt in limiting continuing unrestricted t cell response to antigen activation
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patellofemoral pain remains one of the most common MSK disorders encountered in orthopaedic practice in this retrospective clinical T0 knees in patients with PF pain due to malalignment were treated using a combined PT and distal realignment technique the results were evaluated at an average of years months postoperatively at final DUE using the modified trillat grading scale good or excellent results were obtained in of the knees treated secondlook arthroscopy performed in knees demonstrated good patellar tracking and grade ii articular changes were noted in of the patellofemoral joints examined complications noted included anterior compartment syndrome with foot drop in one case and arthrofibrosis in another we conclude that extensor realignment surgery with a combined PT and distal realignment procedure is a reliable technique for PFP AA to malalignment
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during decreased fetal gl delivery endogenous substrates increasingly support metabolic rate if oxidation of fetal amino acid stores ie protein is to provide such ATP either protein synthesis must decrease or protein breakdown must increase both of these changes would diminish fetal protein accretion an important component of fetal growth this T0 was performed therefore to find if decreased glucose delivery alters fetal leucine metabolism catheters were placed in six sheep fetuses under maternal GA anesthesia and T3 days recovery fetal leucine metabolism was measured by infusion of cleucine before and T3 fetal gl delivery was decreased by infusing insulin to the ewe later days the experiment was repeated in reverse order decreased fetal glucose delivery was associated with a decrease in the ratespecific expression of this gene because the beta gene promoter had not been isolated previously we have now isolated a kb human genomic dna fragment containing kb of CS to the beta atg start codon this clone also contains sequence encoding the signal peptide of the immature beta protein and kb of intronic CS primer extension and rnase protection studies of poly a rna from a human erythroleukemia hel cell L1 indicated a L1 transcription start site bp upstream of the atg start codon in an orientationdependent manner a bp fragment to the start codon promotes expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl GOT cat reporter gene in k cells cat expression from this beta promoter is fivefold above expression from a promoterless control cat construct this beta promoter lacks tata and caat cisacting elements but there are two sp sites flanking the transcription start site other potential transcription factor binding sites are also identified phorbol esters tpa which increase beta transcription in k cells stimulated transcription from the bp beta region the isolation of this beta promoter region should permit a more detailed analysis of its transcriptional regulation
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the objectives of the present T0 were to evaluate sperm characteristic of captive clouded leopards in thailand and examine the structural and PET properties of sperm after selection with the singlelayer centrifugation slc method twentytwo ejaculates from captive clouded leopards four housed with access to a female in estrus and seven housed singly were collected and assessed for semen traits during to twelve fresh ejaculates were chosen from seven males and each was divided between two sperm preparation methods simple washing and slc cryopreservation was performed after semen preparation sperm qualities after selections including motility progressive motility sperm motility index viability acrosome integrity dna integrity and morphology were evaluated in fresh chilled and frozenthawed samples in addition sperm functionality after cryopreservation was tested by heterologous ivf using domestic cat oocytes sperm motility in the ejaculates was to ± mean ± standard error a high proportion of morphologically abnormal sperm ± was observed with the major abnormality being tightly coiled tail ± an interesting observation was that males housed together with a female had a significantly higher proportion of sperm with IN acrosome ± and ± and lower proportion of sperm with bent midpiece and droplet ± and ± than the males living singly the SMI intact acrosome and sperm with normal tail in the fresh and chilled semen samples were improved by the slc in the postthawed semen the slc selected higher numbers of viable sperm ± and ± sperm with IN acrosome ± and ± and sperm with normal tail ± and ± than simple washing also the proportion of sperm with tightly coiled tail was lower in the slcprocessed than the simple washed samples ± and ± the slcprocessed group had significantly higher penetration rate in heterologous ivf ± than the simple washing group ± in conclusion ejaculates of clouded leopards living in thailand demonstrated teratospermic characteristic similar to the previous reports from other continents singlelayer centrifugation is a promising tool to select morphologically normal sperm of teratospermic donors the successes of assisted reproductive technology could be enhanced by the improved SQ of postthaw sperm in this species
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with the introduction of united states pharmacopeia chapters and the longstanding concept of drug stability beyonduse dates and expiration dates came to the forefront of pharmacy compounding practice beyonduse date extension can only be done if endpoint sterility testing is done on compounded sterile S9 it is not for everyone and can only be accomplished by using an analytical approach this article discusses the unique skill set required by pharmacists to accomplish and maintain these processes
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under the assumption that a IVT and its arterial load are normally matched according to work optimization a relation between left VVI lv mechanical performance as described by the slope emax of the end systolic pressurevolume relationship espvr mean SP during ejection mslvp and stroke volume sv is proposed optimum emax e mslvpsv slope emax was obtained in dogs and rabbits by establishing relations among ejected volume and lv diameter squared d in control beats and among pressure and d at end systole es in series of beats of varying load accomplished either by acute aortic constriction aoc or VPI caval occlusion ivco Mw in dogs was also obtained by direct measurements of ventricular volume by a conductance catheter and the results were compared with the above method a dimensionless index alpha emaxe optimal value was calculated to indicate how well the ventricle and arterial system were matched in dogs e mmhg ml emax aoc and ivco hence alpha aoc and ivco in rabbits e mmhg ml emax mmhg ml hence alpha alpha fell outside the confidence interval only in experiments of dogs subjected to ivco
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a patient with the unusual coexistence of distichiasis and cleft palate is described distichiasis is a rare congenital eyelid anomaly in which accessory eyelashes are present in the meibomian gland orifices its association with other systemic CA is reviewed the distinctions among distichiasis trichiasis entropion and epiblepharon are outlined and methods of treatment for distichiasis are described
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in support of an epidemiological study of cancer incidence among cotton textile workers in shanghai prc historical estimates of SE to cotton dust and endotoxin were developed for subjects drawn from a cohort of female textile workers a C1 dataset of historical cotton dust measurements were available from of the study factories using these data a series of models were developed to estimate cotton dust exposure by year factory and process model estimates were validated by comparing with independently collected measurements gathered over a year period and indicated a low relative bias and relative accuracy endotoxin exposures were estimated using the endotoxin content of cotton dust by major processes obtained in five separate surveys in these factories the validated exposures were assigned to the jobs held by the study subjects among the exposed workers the mean cumulative exposure C2 were mg myears for cotton dust and eu myears for endotoxin respectively the overall rho among cotton dust and endotoxin exposures for these subjects was r using an unusually rich set of historical cotton dust measurements along with independently collected SE measurements for validation and conversion to endotoxin C2 validated estimates of cumulative exposure were constructed for this large casecohort T0 in the textile industry
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continuing depletion of stratospheric ozone and subsequent increases in deleterious ultraviolet uv radiation at the earths surface have fueled the interest in its ecological consequences for aquatic ecosystems the dna is certainly one of the key targets for uvinduced damage in a variety of aquatic organisms uv radiation induces two of the most abundant mutagenic and cytotoxic dna lesions cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers cpds and pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts pps and their dewar valence isomers however aquatic organisms have developed a number of repair and tolerance mechanisms to counteract the damaging effects of uv on dna photoreactivation with the help of the enzyme photolyase is one of the most important and frequently occurring repair mechanisms in a variety of organisms excision repair which can be distinguished into BER ber and nucleotide excision repair ner also play an important role in dna repair in several organisms with the help of a number of glycosylases and polymerases respectively in addition mechanisms such as mutagenic repair or dimer bypass recombinational repair cellcycle checkpoints apoptosis and certain alternative repair pathways are also operative in various organisms this review deals with the uvinduced dna damage and repair in a number of aquatic organisms as well as methods of detecting dna damage
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we use a combination of experiments computer simulations and simple MM calculations to characterize first the folding TSE of the src sh domain and second the features of the protein that determine its folding mechanism kinetic analysis of mutations at of the residues in the src sh domain revealed that the transition state ensemble is even more polarized than suspected earlier no single alanine substitution in the nterminal residues or the CT residues has more than a twofold effect on the folding rate while such substitutions at sites in the CE threestranded betasheet cause significant decreases in the folding rate molecular dynamics md unfolding simulations and ab initio folding simulations on the src sh domain exhibit a hierarchy of folding similar to that observed in the experiments the similarity in folding mechanism of different sh domains and the similar hierarchy of structure formation observed in the experiments and the simulations can be largely accounted for by a simple native state topologybased model of protein folding SE landscapes
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percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty ptca is utilized successfully to dilate stenotic CAs the procedure is a frequent nonsurgical method to restore coronary i.a. blood flow to ischemic myocardium in this paper we report a case of intimal tear and medial dissection of the RA PD leading to a DA and occlusion of the PD the patient died following coronary artery bypass grafts and the autopsy demonstrated the dissecting aneurysm of the PD
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deposition of betaamyloid peptide a beta in SPs is a hallmark of alzheimer disease neuropathology chronic exposure of neuronal cultures to synthetic a beta is directly toxic or enhances neuronal susceptibility to excitotoxins exposure to a beta may cause a loss of cellular calcium homeostasis but the mechanism by which this occurs is uncertain in this work the acute response of rat HPC SN to applications of synthetic a beta was measured using wholecell voltageclamp techniques PP application of a beta caused a reversible voltagedependent decrease in membrane conductance a beta selectively blocked the voltagegated fastinactivating k current with an estimated ki microm a beta also blocked the delayed rectifying current but only at the highest concentration tested the response was independent of aggregation state or peptide length the dynamic response of the fastinactivating current to a voltage jump was consistent with a MM whereby a beta binds reversibly to closed channels and prevents their opening blockage of fastinactivating k channels by a beta could lead to prolonged cell depolarization thereby increasing ca influx
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the lungs are a common site of M1 PM develop due to local blood flow and cellular or biochemical properties of RT cells metastases develop from any type of malignancy and may occur via hematogenous lymphatic aerogenous andor direct spread M1 disease may present with symptoms indistinguishable from primary lung cancer including dyspnea hemoptysis and CP radiographically these may present as parenchymal lung disease mediastinal lymphadenopathy airway obstruction or pleural and vascular disease no part of the thorax is spared from M1 potential this review highlights complications of nonpulmonary solid HM based on sites of anatomic metastases
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the transcatheter creation of linear endocardial lesions in the atria has been attempted to restore SR in patients with atrial fibrillation af however due to fluoroscopic limitations there are a number of technical difficulties involved with using this procedure which include determining the ablation site orienting the catheter tip and confirming tiptissue contact the present study was performed to assess the feasibility of employing a transthoracic RPA to linear radiofrequency ablation using a VATS system vats to anatomically guide the experimental setting in beating swine hearts af was induced pharmacologically by aconitine solution epicardial RF linear ablation of the RA atrius an old idea not a new one early laws about containing the disturbances created by individuals with mental illness made no mention of clinical dimensions the focus was strictly on the social and economic consequences of the mental disorders legislation about public mental hospitals in the midth century was hardly enlightened there were no particular plans other than not to expend more dollars than actually necessary
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motor nerve conduction E/A of the ulnar and common peroneal but not the median nerves were substantially reduced in the affected limbs in a series of hemiplegic patients slowing of conduction velocity of the CPN was related to the reduction of skin temperature in the hemiplegic limbs BP latencies to biceps and deltoid muscles were longer in the affected than in the unaffected sides in five of hemiplegic patients electromyograms emgs of limb muscles showed absence of spontaneous activity in of patients spontaneous emg activities in of the patients were related to an associated subclinical neuropathy or plexopathy in the involved limbs entrapment andtraction causing subclinical or clinical neuropathy or radiculopathy may be present in some hemiplegic patients
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while mapping total and polyadenylated human transcriptomes has now become routine characterizing nascent transcripts remains challenging largely because nascent rnas have such short halflives here we describe a simple fast and costeffective method to isolate rna associated with transcription factories the sites responsible for the majority of nuclear transcription following stimulation of human endothelial cells with the Th1 cytokine tnfα we isolate and analyse the rna content of factories by sequencing comparison with total polya and chromatin rna fractions reveals that sequencing of purified factory rna maps the complete nascent transcriptome it is rich in intronic unprocessed transcript as well as long IG noncoding lincrnas and enhancerassociated rnas ernas microrna precursors and repeatderived rnas hence we verify that transcription factories produce most nascent rna and confer a RII role via their association with a set of specificallyretained noncoding transcripts
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polyvinylidene chloride pvdc is a long chain carbon synthetic CP the objective of this T0 was to improve the bioactivity of pvdc films through surface modification using argon ar ion bombardment to create armodified pvdc films arpvdc to address the clinical problems of guided bone regeneration gbr which is techniquesensitive and low bone regenerative ability first the effects of ar ion bombardment a LT plasma etching technique widely used in industry on pvdc film wettability surface chemistry and morphology were confirmed next fibroblastlike and OB cell attachment and proliferation on arpvdc were assessed as a preclinical in vivo T0 arpvdc was used to cover a criticalsized bone defect on rat calvaria and osteoconductivity was evaluated by microcomputed tomography analysis and histological examinations we found that the CA of pvdc film decreased by ° because of the production of oh groups on the pvdc film surface though surface morphological was unchanged at min after ar ion bombardment we demonstrated that cell att increased by about and proliferation by more than because of increased wettability and times greater bone regeneration was observed at week with arpvdc compared with untreated pvdc films these results suggest that ar ion bombardment modification of pvdc surfaces improves osteoconductivity indicating its potential to increase bone deposition during gbr
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we describe two patients who developed ARF during therapy with fumaric acidesters histologic findings after renal biopsy in one patient were compatible with the diagnosis of acute tubular CN atn and renal function was restored T3 cessation of the medication the histologic diagnosis in the other patient was tubulointerstitial nephritis tin possibly reactive to atn the REC of renal function was incomplete after months two other patients had deterioration of renal CF and PU during therapy with fumaric acidesters the symptoms were completely reversible in one patient T3 discontinuation of the medication and incompletely reversible in the other the literature is reviewed and a comparison is drawn with the maleic acid model in the rat
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otopalatodigital syndrome type opd is an uncommon xlinked condition characterized by dysmorphic facies a skeletal dysplasia affecting the axial and appendicular skeleton and extraskeletal anomalies including malformations of the BB HR GU system and intestines missense mutations of the flna gene which encodes for the protein filamin a have recently been shown to cause opd and the allelic syndromes otopalatodigital type melnickneedles and frontometaphyseal dysplasia collectively these conditions constitute the OPD spectrum disorders we report on two sibs affected by opd the diagnosis was achieved at autopsy of a macerated male stillborn with typical external and skeletal findings of opd a subsequent pregnancy was terminated due to ultrasonographic findings resembling those observed in the previous sibling histopathological studies revealed osseus sclerosis and do not support the previously reported membranous ossification defect observed in this condition mutation analysis demonstrated a novel mutation gt in flna that had arisen de novo in the mother this missense mutation predicts the substitution cf within the second CH domain of the actinbinding domain of filamin a the MZ substitution has been recently identified in an analogous AA position within the actin binding domain of betaspectrin leading to HS the observation that phenylalanine is normally present in the same position in other proteins utrophin dystrophin but leads to disease when present in filamin a implies that the function andor structure of these actin binding domains are not entirely equivalent
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a novel avianorigin hn influenza a virus iav emerged in china in causing mild to lethal human respiratory infections hn originated with multiple reassortment events between avian viruses and carries genetic markers of human adaptation determining whether hn induces a host response closer to that with human or avian iav is important in order to better characterize this emerging virus here we compared the human lung epithelial cell charts each appearance of PS in a new body region was classified as axonal contiguous possibly contiguous or unrelated according to whether the somatotopic representations were adjacent in the SC of spread events the first spread event was equally divided between axonal and contiguous but the majority of subsequent spread events were classified as contiguous symptom progression in pls patients is consistent with disease spread along axonal tracts and by local cortical spread both were equally likely for the first spread event but local cortical spread was predominant thereafter suggesting that late degeneration does not advance through long axonal tracts
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the goal of this study was to elicit the views of patients or parentscaregivers of patients with disabilities regarding access to dental care a questionnaire was generated both from interviews with patientsparentscaregivers already treated under sedation or GA as well as by use of the delphi technique with other stakeholders one hundred thirteen patients from across six community dental clinics and one dental hospital were included approximately of the subjects used a general dental practitioner and used the CDS for their dental care with only using the hospital dental services overall waiting time for an appointment at the secondary care setting was longer than for the primary care clinics there was a high rate of parentcaregiver satisfaction with PDS and only five patients reported any difficulty with travel and access to clinics this study highlights the need for a greater investment in education and training to improve skills in the primary dental care sector
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the dependence of brillouin linewidth and peak frequency on lightwave state of polarization sop due to fiber inhomogeneity in single mode fiber smf is investigated by using brillouin optical time domain analysis botda system theoretical analysis shows fiber inhomogeneity leads to fiber birefringence and sound velocity R2 both of which can cause the broadening and asymmetry of the brillouin gain spectrum bgs and thus contribute to the variation of brillouin linewidth and peak frequency with lightwave sop due to fiber inhomogeneity both in lateral profile and longitudinal direction the measured bgs is the superposition of several spectrum components with different peak frequencies within the interaction length when pump or probe sop changes both the peak brillouin gain and the overlapping area of the optical and acoustic mode profile that determine the peak efficiency of each spectrum component vary within the interaction length which further changes the linewidth and peak frequency of the superimposed bgs the sop dependence of brillouin linewidth and PF was experimentally demonstrated and quantified by measuring the spectrum asymmetric factor and fitting obtained effective peak frequency respectively via botda system on standard stepindex smf fiber exp results show that on this fiber the brillouin spectrum asymmetric factor and effective peak frequency vary in the range of and mhz respectively over distance with orthogonal probe input sops exp results also show that in distributed fiber brillouin sensing polarization scrambler ps can be used to reduce the sop dependence of brillouin linewidth and PF caused by fiber inhomogeneity in lateral profile however it maintains the effects caused by fiber inhomogeneity in longitudinal direction in the case of nonideal polarization scrambling using practical ps the fluctuation of effective brillouin PF caused by fiber inhomogeneity provides another limit of sensing frequency resolution of distributed fiber brillouin sensor
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the distribution of homogalacturonans hgas displaying different degrees of esterification as well as of callose was examined in cell walls of mature pavement cells in two angiosperm and two fern species we investigated whether local cell wall matrix differentiation may enable pavement cells to respond to mechanical tension forces by transiently altering their shape hga epitopes identified with f jim and jim antibodies and callose were immunolocalised in handmade or semithin leaf sections callose was also stained with aniline blue the structure of pavement cells was studied with CS and transmission electron microscopy tem in all species examined pavement cells displayed wavy anticlinal PCW but the waviness pattern differed between angiosperms and ferns the angiosperm pavement cells were tightly interconnected throughout their whole depth while in ferns they were interconnected only close to the external periclinal cell wall and ICS were developed between them close to the mesophyll although the hga epitopes examined were located along the whole cell wall surface the f and jim epitopes were especially localised at cell lobe tips in fern pavement cells the contact CS were impregnated with callose and jimhga epitopes when tension forces were applied on leaf regions the pavement cells elongated along the stretching axis due to a decrease in waviness of anticlinal PCW after removal of tension forces the original cell shape was resumed the presented data support that hga epitopes make the anticlinal pavement cell walls flexible in order to reversibly alter their shape furthermore callose seems to offer stability to cell contacts between pavement cells as already suggested in photosynthetic mesophyll cells
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SW test is used to induce a characteristic behavior of immobility in rats which resembles depression in humans to some extent we evaluated the effect of omega fatty acids alone as well as compared it with the standard antidepressant therapy with fluoxetine in both acute and chronic studies in both the studies rats were divided into CG and subjected to the following drug interventions group control group fluoxetine in dose of mgkg subcutaneously and h before the test group omega fatty acids in dose of mgkg orally group fluoxetine plus omega fatty acids both in acute T0 omega fatty acids were given in single dose h prior to the test while in chronic study omega fatty acids were given daily for a period of days all animals were subjected to a min pretest followed h later by a min test a time sampling method was used to score the behavioral activity in each group the results revealed that in acute T0 omega fatty acids do not have any significant effect in forced swimming test however in chronic study omega fatty acids affect the immobility and swimming SMB significantly when compared with control p without any significant effect on climbing SMB and the tau of combination of omega fatty acids and fluoxetine is significantly more than that of fluoxetine alone in changing the behavioral activity of rats in SW test it leads to the conclusion that omega fatty acids have antidepressant activity per se and the combination of fluoxetine and omega fatty acids has more antidepressant tau than fluoxetine CT in FST in WR
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an hplc method was employed to create an impurity profile for liguzinediol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient api which resulted in the ID of two related impurities therefore in order to improve the quality control of the liguzinediolapi we identifient treatment and prevention of serious and often lethal conditions however it also raises ethical questions concerning the issue of knowing or not knowing about our genetic makeup thus as techniques for genetic testing are increasingly employed demands on health professionals are changing health professionals must be able to inform and guide patients and therefore they need knowledge and competencies related to both the technical and the ethical dimensions of genetic testing this paper explores the requirements of the GA education of health professionals if this need for ethics is acknowledged it is suggested that it is important to include both an individualised and a societal ethical perspective to the OD of genomic healthcare and that a key concept in doing so is professional reflectivity employing one concrete example of teaching this concept of reflectivity is operationalised in the health educational setting at the bachelors level with a special focus on biomedical laboratory science and three key concepts are developed gap sensitive interaction professional humility and contextual awareness additionally anchored ethical dialog is explored as an instructional design that may support the OD of reflectivity among health professionals
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the visual picture of the ulcerous defect was studied in patients by endoscopic and intraoperative methods the prognostic assessment of the OD of complications of ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum is given on the basis of the characteristics of the ulcer process diameter depth character of the ulcer fundus and margins
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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are a large class of organic compounds it has been established that the main source of exposure to these compounds for human beings is through food particularly fats and oils due to the lipophilic nature of these polycyclic EDC the aim of this work was to optimise and validate a method involving spe and hplc for rapid determination of the EU eu priority pahs required by the recommendation ec in vegetable oils two spectrofluorometric detectors and a uvvisible detector in series were used to identify and quantify the target compounds linearity recoveries lod and loq were found to be in PA with the performance criteria for BP bap analysis as required by the commission directive ec and satisfactory for all the compounds of interest except for cyclopentacdpyrene which presented a very low signal in the uv optimised chromatographic conditions for the separation of pahs comprising both epa and eu priority pahs plus benzoepyrene and benzobchrysene have been also proposed
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to understand the influence of aerosol particles and meteorological conditions on visual range in jinan the capital of shandong province china pm and pm samples were collected from november to september the mass concentrations of pm and pm concentrations of watersoluble ions in pm and concentrations of black carbon bc in the atmosphere were analyzed the decrease of visual range in jinan results from the combined influence of pm pm and meteorological conditions for the period studied the average CS extinction coefficient bext which was estimated from an equation developed by the improve network was mm ammonium sulfate was the L1 contributor to visual range impairment accounting for while ammonium nitrate particulate organic matter pom and bc made comparable contributions accounting for and respectively this highlights the significance of AA particles nhso nhno pom in visual range impairment in jinan the data from this study are also compared with the longterm variations of visual range in jinan from to
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twentythree cats with malignant nonhematopoietic PT were treated with AC fourteen cats had nonresectable PT of the MG and nine had PT of the oral cavity of the cats with MG adenocarcinoma seven cats had a partial response to treatment and seven cats had no response of the cats with oral PT one cat had a CR response three cats had a partial response and five cats had no response all cats are dead because of RT progression or recurrence toxic effects were seen in of the cats most were transient and required no alteration in the treatment protocol a high response rate combined with acceptable toxicity warrants further DUE of combination doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in cats with nonhematopoietic neoplasia
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the inhibition effect of imidazole derivatives methylpropylhbenzimidazolecarboxylic acid mpbi and dimethylpropylhhdibenzimidazole dpbi against mild steel corrosion in n hcl solutions were evaluated using conventional WL potentiodynamic polarization linear polarization and EIS the weight loss results showed that both are excellent corrosion inhibitors electrochemical polarizations data revealed the mixed mode of inhibition and the results of EC impedance spectroscopy have shown that the NC in the impedance parameters charge transfer resistance and double SL capacitance with the NC in concentration of the inhibitor is due to the adsorption of the molecule leading to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of mild steel the inhibition action of these EDC was assumed to occur via adsorption on the steel surface through the AS centres contained of the molecule
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we have recently reported a new apolipoprotein apo ai variant apo aizaragoza lr in a spanish family with hdlc levels below the th percentile for age and sex and low apo ai concentrations all the apo aizaragoza subjects were heterozygous and none of them showed evidence of PD disease cad mean plasma hdlc apo ai and apo aii C2 were lower in apo aizaragoza carriers as compared to control subjects and respectively lipid composition analysis revealed that apo aizaragoza carriers had hdl particles with a higher percentage of hdl triglyceride and a lower percentage of hdl esterified cholesterol as compared to those of control subjects lecithincholesterol acyltransferase lcat activity and cholesterol esterification rate of apo aizaragoza carriers were normal apo ai and apo aii metabolic studies were performed on two heterozygous apo aizaragoza carriers and on six control subjects we used a primed constant infusion of hleucine and hdl apo ai and apo aii tracertracee ratios were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and fitted to a monoexponential equation using saam ii software both subjects carrying apo aizaragoza variant showed mean apo ai fractional catabolic rate fcr values more than twofold higher than mean fcr values of their controls vs x day respectively apo ai secretion rate sr of apo aizaragoza subjects was slightly increased compared with controls vs mg x kgl x day respectively apo aii fcr was also markedly elevated in both subjects with apo aizaragoza when compared with controls vs x day respectively and apo aii sr was normal vs mg x kgl x day respectively our results show that the apo aizaragoza variant results in heterozygosis in abnormal hdl particle composition and in enhanced catabolism of apo ai and apo aii without affecting significantly the secretion rates of these apolipoproteins and the lcat activation
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acromegaly is a chronic disease with increased morbidity and mortality where usually multiple treatment modalities are used the somatostatin analogs ssas are the mainstay of medical therapy but in many patients including those with a germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptorinteracting protein aip gene disease activity cannot be controlled with these drugs previous data have suggested the involvement of the tumorsuppressor gene zac in the mechanism of action of ssas and more recent findings suggested that ssas could regulate aip which in turn can stimulate zac therefore suggesting the existence of a ssaaipzacsomatostatin effect pathway the current review discusses these novel observations highlighting their significance in the treatment of sporadic and familial somatotroph adenomas
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this paper presents an elementary overview of the potential of multimodal VR mvr techniques in medical education eg obstetrics the T0 shows how to transfer the concept of mvr from a timeindependent environment eg the munich knee joint simulator to a timecritical simulation environment as it can be found in flight simulators the simulator consists of a haptic a graphical and an acoustic user interface which are connected to a biomechanical model for the birth process itself and a physiological model of both mother and child in order to simulate eg a cardiotocograph ctg the user can just watch an uncomplicated birth or is acting as the responsible obstetrician who has a variety of treatment options during the delivery with the most relevant medication or forcepsvacuumextraction during this practical training a mvr FB system assists the trainee and exposes his errors and thus allows him to learn faster without endangering a real mother and her child this concept allows for the first time to transfer stored haptic expertknowledge to the trainee without a toolbased feedback approach
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two cases diagnosed as suffering from infantile autism are described underlying epileptogenic changes in the eeg were not disclosed until relatively late in the course of the psychiatric disorder anticonvulsive pharmacological treatment led to complete disappearance of psychotic symptoms and to simultaneous disappearance of the pathological eeg changes alternative mechanisms are proposed to account for the clinical phenomena
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VT is a cause of considerable morbidity and is often responsible for chronic venous disorders that frequently lead to visits to dermatologists and others involved in wound healing over the past several years many new causes of thrombophilia have been identified and have dramatically altered the RPA to patients presenting with thrombosis newly described CA associated with thrombophilia include the syndrome of activated protein c resistance the prothrombin a mutation hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated C2 of coagulation AF viii and xi clinicians can now frequently determine causes of thromboses that have previously been deemed idiopathic
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body dissatisfaction is prevalent in womens artistic gymnastics wag crosssectional research points to social and individual risk factors however it does not account for potential changes in BD during an athletic season this T0 aimed to determine how gymnasts body dissatisfaction risk factors for EDs media internalisation perfectionism and mood state change during precompetition competition and postcompetition seasons and to identify how these psychosocial indicators impact on body dissatisfaction during the athletic year the sample consisted of brazilian elite womens artistic gymnasts aged years data were obtained from a month study using body shape questionnaire bsq eating attitude test sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire sataq multidimensional perfectionism scale mps brunel mood scale brums and triceps and subscapular skinfolds BD was higher during the competition season and disordered eating perfectionism and vigour values were higher in the precompetition season disordered eating has been found as the strongest predictor of BD during all seasons and mood state partly contributed to body dissatisfaction in the competitive season stakeholders should understand that body dissatisfaction and the prevalence of disordered eating may change over time
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several genetic loci in the mouse have been identified that regulate the severity of LA the region of chromosome including the osteopontin opn gene opn has been identified in intercross populations of chhen x cbl and chhej x balbcann mice opn is of particular interest as it is involved in the maintenance and CR of tissue during inflammation it regulates production of interleukin il and il cytokines implicated in lyme arthritis it is necessary for host control of certain bacterial infections and mice displaying different severities of lyme arthritis possess different alleles of the opn gene macrophages and splenocytes from opndeficient mice on mixed cbljs or inbred s backgrounds were stimulated with the pamcys modified lipoprotein from Bb ospa opn was not required for ospainduced cytokine production however macrophages from sopn mice displayed a reduced level of il production opn was also not required for resistance to severe ICA as b burgdorferiinfected sopn mice developed mild ICA as did their WT ICA was more severe in opndeficient mice on the mixed cbljs backgrounds than in inbred mice of either CS this increase was most likely due to a genes closely linked to opn on chromosome in conjunction with other randomly assorting genes deficiency in opn did not influence the numbers of spirochetes in tissues from b burgdorferiinfected mice indicating opn is not part of the host defense to this pathogen interestingly there was no alteration in the b burgdorferispecific antibody isotypes in opndeficient mice indicating that its effect on helper tcell responses is not relevant to the host response to b burgdorferi
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nivolumab is a fully human immunoglobulin ig g antibody that selectively inhibits the programmed death pd immune checkpoint molecule and has recently been launched for the treatment of RCC rcc in japan based on its promising antitumor efficacy and manageable safety profile demonstrated in the phase iii checkmate trial nivolumab therapy is rapidly being introduced in M1 rcc clinical practice the phase ia study of atezolizumab which is a humanized antipdligand pdl monoclonal igg antibody also demonstrated excellent treatment results the identification of biomarkers to predict the response and sideeffects of checkpoint inhibitor therapy is thus urgently needed in this review we introduce the current candidate biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy based on the mechanism of efficacy the number of neoantigens and expression of major DLA molecules are strong candidate biomarkers despite the various interference factors pdl expression can be considered a potential biomarker in terms of clinical factors SS clinical factors and severity of AEs are examined although further implementation in prospective studies is necessary if validated these biomarkers can be utilized to measure therapeutic response and design treatment strategies for M1 rcc
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the objectives of this T0 were to describe a new spinal cord injury scale for dogs evaluate repeatability through determining interrater variability of scores compare these scores to another established system a modified frankel scale and determine if the modified frankel scale and the newly developed scale were useful as prognostic indicators for return to ambulation a group of clientowned dogs with spinal cord injury were examined by independent observers who applied the new texas spinal cord injury score tscis and a modified frankel scale that has been used previously the newly developed scale was designed to describe gait postural reactions and nociception in each limb weighted kappa statistics were utilized to determine interrater variability for the modified frankel scale and individual components of the tscis comparisons were made between raters for the overall tscis score and between scales using spearmans rho an additional group of dogs with surgically treated thoracolumbar disk herniation was enrolled to look at correlation of both scores with spinal cord signal characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging mri and ambulatory outcome at discharge the actual PA between raters for the modified frankel scale was with a weighted kappa value of the tscis had weighted kappa scores for gait proprioceptive positioning and nociception components that ranged from to correlation between raters for the overall tscis score was spearmans rho p comparison of the overall tscis score to the modified frankel score resulted in a spearmans rho value of p the modified frankel score was weakly correlated with the length of hyperintensity of the spinal cord l vertebral body length ratio on midsagittal tweighted mri spearmans rho p as was the overall tscis score spearmans rho p there was also a significant difference in admitting modified frankel scores p and admitting overall tscis scores p between dogs that were ambulatory at discharge and those that were not results from this study suggest that the tscis is an easy to administer scale for evaluating canine spinal cord injury based on the standard neurological exam and correlates well with a previously described modified frankel scale
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to explore the experiences of family physicians and respiratory therapists in treating T3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd and their attitudes to the use of opioids for dyspnea in this context
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