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py and py receptors are g proteincoupled receptors G1 by utp and dinucleoside tetraphosphates which are difficult to distinguish pharmacologically for lack of potent and selective ligands we structurally varied phosphate and uracil moieties in analogues of immunohistochemistry and western blot our results showed that mpap endomembrane proliferation in the pneumonoarteriole and vos increased significantly in pah model group compared with control group p nfκb expression was significantly higher in pah MM group than control group p and also higher in the stimulated pvsmcs than control pvsmcs p with the MI of simvastatin mpap endomembrane proliferation in the pneumonoarteriole and vos decreased dramatically compared with MM group p nfκb expression was significantly decreased in both the artery and pvsmcs p in conclusion our T0 provides experimental evidence that nfκb plays an important role in the occurrence of PAH and simvastatin has beneficial effect on pulmonary artery hypertension by inhibiting the expression of nfκb
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myocardial ischemia during daily life can be induced by increased demand and by increased coronary tone the purpose of this study was to assess the mechanism of action of mibefradil a new tchannel calcium blocker that is a vasodilator with negative chronotropic properties included in this T0 were patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and ischemic episodes during baseline hour ambulatory ecg monitoring aem T3 a PL runin period patients received mg mg or mg of mibefradil per day and repeat hours aem was performed ischemic episodes were divided into categories type i is those in which an increase in HR rate preceded the development of mm st depression type ii is those with or increase in HR rate of the ICM episodes recorded at baseline were type i and were type ii at mg mibefradil dose there was a significant decrease in the number of type i ICM episodes but not of type ii at doses of mg and mgday there was a significant decrease in frequency of bned the effects on the electroencephalogram eeg and sleepwake state of basal forebrain administration of NT nt a NPY that has been shown in vitro to potently and selectively modulate the ACh cells microinjection of mm nt into the BF of freely moving naturally wakingsleeping rats produced a dosedependent decrease in delta approximately hz and increase in both theta approximately hz and highfrequency gamma activity hz across cortical areas with no increase in the electromyogram these eeg changes were accompanied by concomitant decreases in slow wave sleep sws and transitional sws tsws increases in wake and most remarkably increases in PS ps and transitional ps tps despite the virtual absence of sws the effects were attributed to direct action on ACh SN as evidenced by selective internalization of a FL ligand fluont in choline acetyltransferase ChAT-IR cells and stimulation by nt of bursting discharge in juxtacellularly recorded neurobiotinlabeled chatimmunoreactive SN we conclude that ntinduced rhythmic bursting of CBF SN stimulates rhythmic theta oscillations and gamma across the cerebral SC with the selective action of nt on the ACh cells their bursting discharge promotes theta and gamma independent of MA and thereby also stimulates and enhances ps
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since a few years activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases has been determined by mtttest as alternative method to measurement of the cellular activity and proliferation by incorporation of 3H thymidine in this test the tetrazolium salt mtt is converted into blue insoluble formazan dye crystals which have to be dissolved by a suitable SE mixture the present paper describes a modified extraction method using an isopropanoldimethylformamide mixture acidified to ph the modified method enables an optimal easy to handle less time and work consuming mttassay a mtt concentration of mgml was found to be optimal the extinction maximum was identified at nm
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over a year period patients were treated by combined carotid and subclavian i.a. surgery representing of carotid interventions practised during this period the carotid lesion clinical stage was cases cases and cases while for the subclavian i.a. patients were asymptomatic and had VB syndromes one associated with ischemia of upper limb only one patient was globally asymptomatic but the diagnosis was a prethrombotic carotid restenosis radiographs showed that the atheromatous lesion of the C2 trunks was equivalent to stenoses per patient the decision to use the combined interventions was based on either the clinical condition combined carotid and VB symptomatology or hemodynamic data improvement in subclavian flow during carotid surgery this hemodynamic component could be determined by transcranial doppler T0 consisted always of initial subclavian revascularization reimplantation bypasses followed by carotid surgery grafts endarterectomies the postoperative course was uneventful in patients the th patient requiring recovery surgery for early carotid thrombosis without worsening of the neurologic state mean follow up was months range to months combining these two interventions in this small series did not appear to increase carotid surgery complication initial revascularization of the subclavian artery in the patient with multiple trunk lesions QTc the posterior hemodynamic supply to the circle of willis
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a previously well yearold woman suddenly collapsed and had to be resuscitated by an emergency physician admitted to hospital she remained unconscious and needed artificial respiration diagnostic tests failed to find evidence for pulmonary embolism myocardial infarction or MC ecg monitoring in the intensive ECU merely revealed occasional unifocal ventricular premature systoles echocardiography was within normal limits she remained in coma without SR cranial computed tomography and serial electroencephalograms indicated brain death autopsy revealed lipomatous hypertrophy hamartoma of the atrial SP with extensive bleeding into it as the most likely cause of unrecorded malignant cardiac arrhythmias
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VE growth factor vegf is an angiogenic growth factor known to be upregulated in ICM heart and hypoxic EC cells however the transcriptional regulation of vegf in hypoxiainduced angiogenesis is not fully understood transcriptional enhancer factor tef is a transcriptional factor family that can regulate many genes expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells by IB to myocytespecific chloramphenicol acetyltransferase heptamer elements in the promoters of these genes in this T0 we demonstrated that related tef rtef a member of the tef family is upregulated in hypoxic EC cells overexpression of rtef increases vegf promoter activity and vegf expression sequential deletion and sitedirected mutation analyses of the vegf promoter demonstrated that a gcrich region containing four sp response elements located between and was essential for rtef CF this region is beyond the hypoxiainducible factoralpha binding site and does not consist of mcatrelated elements by EMS CA rtef was found to interact with the first sp residue to of the four consecutive sp elements binding activity of rtef to vegf promoter is also confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation in addition induction of vegf promoter activity by rtef results in an increase of angiogenic processes including endothelial cells proliferation and V1 structure formation these results indicate that rtef acts as a transcriptional stimulator of vegf by regulating vegf promoter activity through IB to sp site in addition rtefinduced vegf promoter activity was enhanced in a hypoxic condition indicating that rtef may play an important role in the regulation of vegf under hypoxia
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due to environmental persistence and biotoxicity of PBDEs pbdes it is urgent to develop potential technologies to remediate pbdes introducing electrodes for microbial electricity generation to stimulate the anaerobic Kd of organic pollutants is highly promising for bioremediation however it is still not clear whether the Kd of pbdes could be promoted by this strategy in this T0 we hypothesized that the degradation of pbdes eg bde would be enhanced under microbial electricity generation condition the PET compositions and structures of microbial communities in closedcircuit MFC cmfc and opencircuit microbial fuel cell omfc systems for bde Kd were detected by a comprehensive functional gene array geochip and linked with pbde degradations the results indicated that distinctly different microbial community structures were formed between cmfcs and omfcs and that lower concentrations of bde and the resulting lower brominated pbde products were detected in cmfcs T3 day performance the diversity and abundance of a variety of PET genes in cmfcs were significantly higher than those in omfcs most genes involved in chlorinated solvent reductive dechlorination hydroxylation methoxylation and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation were highly enriched in cmfcs and significantly positively correlated with the removal of pbdes various other microbial fuf life here we compared erp responses to photographs of participants when they were and years old we found marked differences between the responses to photographs from these time periods in terms of the neural markers generally assumed to reflect i the configural processing of faces ie the n ii the matching of the currently perceived face to a representation already stored in memory ie the p and iii the retrieval of information about the person being recognized ie the n there was no uniform neural signature of visual selfrecognition to test whether there was anything specific to selfrecognition in these brain responses we also asked participants to identify photographs of their dizygotic twins taken from the same time periods critically this allowed us to minimize the confounding effects of SE for it is likely that participants have been similarly exposed to each others faces over the lifespan the same pattern of neural response emerged with only one exception the neural marker reflecting the retrieval of mnemonic information n differed across the lifespan for self but not for twin these results as well as our novel RPA using twins and photographs from across the lifespan have wideranging consequences for the study of selfrecognition and the nature of our personal identity through time
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the vine mealybug vmb planococcus ficus hemiptera pseudococcidae is a key insect pest of vineyards while pheromonebased mating disruption md has been successfully tested against a wide range of insect pests knowledge about its tau against key mealybug species such as p ficus is scarce in this study a novel md product isonet® pf was evaluated by testing and dispensersha at four study sites located in RNA veneto and southern sicily italy experiments were carried out over years by monitoring the mealybug populations in wine grape and table grape vineyards managed with and without the application of md pheromone dispensers were periodically collected during the grapevinegrowing season extracted and analyzed by gcms to determine their pheromone content and the PR in mghaday the results showed that use of the md dispenser isonet® pf reduced the percentage of vmbinfested bunches and the number of vmb specimens per bunch compared with the untreated controls this was recorded over years at all experimental sites differences in the incidence of infested bunches among the three tested rates of isonet® pf were not detected overall the results presented here contribute to optimizing the sex pheromone dosage used in md control programs against vmb allowing a reduction of broadspectrum insecticides currently employed to manage this important roarrhythmia to avoid these adverse effects therapeutic drug monitoring tdm provides a therapeutic benefit recently the japanese circulation society and japan tdm society collaborated to do publish guidelines for tdm of cardiovascular drugs class i aads exert strong sodium channelblocking effects the initial dose should be set using a nomogram when using a beta blocker an electrocardiogram and heat rate monitoring are more useful than tdm pulmonary toxicity is frequently observed in patients treated with amiodarone tdm of amiodarone and its AS DEA is available to assess the risk of pulmonary toxicity the ther apeutic range of bepridil is ngml exceeding this range may result in abnormal qt prolongation and the OD of torsade de pointes digitalis intoxication should be avoided its therapeutic range partially overlaps with its toxic range in patients with congestive HF the serum concentration of digoxin should be maintained at a lower range in summary regarding arrhythmia therapy using aads safety should be more important than tau AGA tdm is recommended review
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naturally contaminated beefbrisket fat showed a psychrotroph count of à cfucm after days of aerobic refrigerated storage °c ± °c pseudomonas was the predominating genus other microorganisms such as enterobacteriaceae and brochothrix thermosphacta grew up to · à cfucm and · à cfucm respectively concentrations of different substrates that could support microbial growth were measured glucose concentration dropped to approximately onethird of the initial level during the first week of storage LA also declined free fatty acids increased significantly p · during refrigeration however other lipiddeterioration indices such as the thiobarbituric acid number and the peroxide value remained unchanged beef subcutaneous fat had a high initial microbial load and a capacity to support extensive bacterial growth it may therefore constitute an important source of contamination for meat and manufactured meat products
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we have reported previously that serotonin ht stimulates the mitogenesis of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells smcs through active transport of ht and cellular signaling that includes elevation of superoxide o and enhancement of PTP ginkgo biloba extract egb which has been demonstrated to act as an antioxidant was found to block both the elevated o and the proliferative and HCM influences of ht on smcs but not to directly inhibit the associated activation of nadph oxidase or the stimulation of phosphorylation of gtpaseactivating protein gap a similar effect of ginkgo biloba extract occurred on chinese hamster lung fibroblasts ccl where ht receptor as opposed to transporter action has been associated with mitogenesis we conclude from these studies that ginkgo biloba extract quenches o formation by ht thereby blocking its mitogenic effect stimulation of protein IMT phosphorylation of gap by ht appears to precede the elevation of o
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in IVM ivm of goat oocytes with serumsupplemented media results in oocytes with reduced developmental potential the objective of this study was to develop a DM for ivm of goat oocytes that better supports subsequent embryonic OD cumulus oocyte complexes coc were matured for hr in experiment tissue culture medium tcm with vv goat SS or modified SOF maturation medium msofmat with or mgml bovine SS Al bsa experiment msofmat with or mgml bsa or experiment mgml PVA pva control mgml bsa mgml hyaluronate plus mm citrate or hyaluronate citrate and bsa mature coc were coincubated for hr with x spermml in modified brackett and oliphant mbo medium embryos were cultured for a total of days in g and evaluated for cleavage and blastocyst development hatching and total cell numbers in the first experiment more p blastocysts developed per cleaved embryo following maturation in msofmat with or mgml bsa than with mgml bsa or tcm with goat serum the various concentrations of bsa used in the second experiment did not affect p any of the developmental endpoints examined in the third experiment developmental potential of oocytes matured with pva or hyaluronate with citrate was not different p from oocytes matured in the presence of bsa these results demonstrate that developmentally competent goat oocytes can be matured under defined conditions
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fibrosis is a potential response to tissue injury at present glucocorticoids with their numerous toxic SE are the only ERP treatment for fibrotic diseases granulomas induced by sponge implantation were treated with singlestranded phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides containing the wild type or mutated transforming growth factorbeta response element designed to inhibit the rat proalphai promoter activity singlestranded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides resulted in antifibrotic activity based on their ability to reduce granuloma tissue formation and selectively inhibit collagen synthesis the mutated singlestanded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides or dexamethasone given at an equivalent dose to singlestanded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides failed to do so these data suggest that the phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide containing the transforming growth factorbeta RII element has an antifibrotic effect and may be used to inhibit the OD of fibrosis
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the nucleomyofibrillar fraction of mature rabbit epididymides contains a saltextractable and leupeptinsensitive protease that alters the sedimentation coefficient of cytosolic steroid receptors we refer to this modification as receptor conversion the substrate used in these studies was cytosolic estrogen receptor obtained from frozen rabbit uteri the unactivated form of the receptor exists as an oligomer under hypotonic m kcl conditions sw congruent to stokes radius rs congruent to nm mr congruent to and dissociates under hypertonic m kcl conditions to yield the steroidbinding monomer sw congruent to rs congruent to nm mr congruent to according to analysis under hypotonic conditions the epididymal protease disrupts the oligomeric architecture of the receptor and reduces the size of the steroidbinding monomer sw congruent to rs congruent to nm mr congruent to the epididymal protease had no detectable effect on the structure of the proteins used as standards for the ultracentrifugal or GF analyses although inhibited by leupeptin the EPI enzyme is not a typical thiol protease since it was unaffected by thiolblocking agents iodoacetamide and nethylmaleimide and was partially inhibited by thiolreducing agents monothioglycerol and dithiothreitol calcium and magnesium ions CT or in combination with atp had no effect on the activity of the protease however both cations selectively suppressed recovery of the oligomeric receptor form these results in conjunction with those from previous studies serve to distinguish the epididymal protease from receptoractive proteases described in extracts of other animal tissues molybdate at a concentration of mm blocked receptor conversion the ability of the receptor to be stabilized by molybdate was lost following conversion finally the epididymal protease appears to remove a portion of the estrogen receptor that is necessary for nucleotidebinding
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deep burn injuries can have serious aesthetic consequences as it often results in scar tissue and pigmentary changes of the skin the focus of this article is to report our experience and results using dermabrasion and thin splitthickness skin grafting as a technique for restoring skin pigmentation T3 burn injuries patient records were obtained from a pediatric burn hospital medical record database from to both charts and photographs were retrospectively reviewed the treatment was evaluated for body region treated surface area involved effectiveness of treatment and number of treatments required indications for the procedure included longstanding depigmentation defined as greater than year and a patient wiling to have a donor site the Az of vitiligo were marked and dermabraded with a mechanical dermabrader thin epidermal grafts with a thickness of thousands of an inch were harvested with an airpowered dermatome the grafts were affixed to the dermabraded bed and dressed open or with nonstick gauze for areas of the face and wrapped for Az in the extremities eleven patients underwent procedures the average size of the VG per procedure was cm cm all results were consistent and longlasting at followup postburn leukoderma of long duration is well treated by dermabrasion and thin splitthickness skin grafting this study is unique in describing grafting on multiple occasions and for larger Az than previously described with two patients undergoing grafting more than cm
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this work aims at assessing the maturational changes in the interdependence between the activities of different cortical areas in neonates during AS sleep as and quiet sleep qs eight electroencephalography eeg channels were recorded in CG of neonates of increasing postmenstrual age the average linear avl and average nonlinear avn interdependencies of each electrode region with the remaining ones were calculated using the coherence CF and a recently developed index of nonlinear coupling between signals in their state spaces respectively in theta band avl increased with neonates age for CE and temporal regions during qs in beta band avl increased for most cortical regions during qs and a parallel decrease of avl with neonates age was found during as for all regions beta avl was greater in as than in qs in PT neonates but the reverse happened in older term neonates contrarily to avl avn decreased with age during qs for most cortical regions surrogate data test showed that the interdependencies were nonlinear in preterm and younger term neonates but in older term both linear and nonlinear interdependencies coexisted it is concluded that neonatal maturation is associated with changes in the magnitude and character of the eeg interdependencies during sleep
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cardiac amyloidosis typically presents with diastolic heart failure but asymmetrical septal hypertrophy with outflow tract one has been described we illustrate the case of a yearold woman with biopsyproven cardiac amyloidosis and severe medical comorbidities with refractory severe HR failure who had asymmetric septal hypertrophy systolic anterior motion sam of the mitral valve and a resting left VVI outflow tract gradient of mm hg increasing to mm hg on VM she underwent percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation ptsma with a dramatic resolution of her sam and outflow tract obstruction confirmed by intracavitary pressure wire measurements ptsma is technically feasible in this context and correction of outflow tract one may represent a new therapeutic target in cardiac amyloidosis
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the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt tips is one of the most complex procedures performed by interventional radiologists most of these procedures are straightforward and may be successfully completed within hours in some cases tips creation may be extremely difficult for example in situations such as variant anatomy portal vein thrombosis hepatic vein thrombosis or preexisting tips in this article we describe some maneuvers that may be attempted in cases where creation of the shunt proves to be difficult
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massive hemoptysis occurs in to of patients with cystic fibrosis and carries an immediate mortality of up to cystic fly taking on a DP of cystoid macular edema this fluid accumulates within the retina because of the breakdown of the barriers within the retinal blood vessels and possibly the pigment epithelium diabetic macular edema tends to be a chronic disorder although spontaneous recovery is not an uncommon occurrence over onehalf of diabetics with macular edema will lose two or more lines of VA within two years the most promising treatment for DME has been photocoagulation it is recommended that in all patients with diabetic macular edema attempts be made to normalize elevated blood glucose decrease elevated blood pressure and improve cardiac or renal status reduction of serum lipids by diet or pharmacologic means is an unproven treatment at this time the early treatment DR study hopefully will provide more definitive information as to whether photocoagulation is ERP in various subgroups of patients with diabetic macular edema
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in T4 lung CA the use of high dose radiotherapy rt andor concurrent chemort is associated with significant pulmonary and esophageal toxicity despite a d conformal rt technique and the omission of elective mediastinal fields three of ten patients with inoperable stage nsclc who were treated with induction chemotherapy carboplatinpaclitaxel followed by rt to gy developed symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in this planning T0 the actual treatment plans of all ten patients were compared to plans derived using two beam intensitymodulated bim techniques for which similar geometrical beam setup parameters were used in the first technique bfbim cranial and caudal boost fields were applied in order to allow field length reduction the second technique cbim utilised d missingtissue compensators for all radiation beams both bim techniques resulted in a significant sparing of critical normal tissues and the cbim technique was superior in all cases when compared to the actual rt technique used for treatment a reduction of sd was observed in the mean lung dose for the bfbim plan vs sd for the cbim plan similar reductions were observed in the percentage of the total lung volume exceeding gy v for these techniques bim techniques appear to be a promising tool for enabling radiation doseescalation andor intensive concurrent chemort in inoperable lung CA
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heart rate R2 and heart period variability are important indicators of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system and are strong predictors of survival T3 myocardial infarction the standard deviation of a patients series of normal HR periods consecutive normal rr intervals is positively and in some populations strongly correlated with the mean period length this phenomenon has led some investigators to use the coefficient of R2 as their measure of variability because it correlates less strongly with the mean tau using data from a multicentre postinfarction natural history study we show that the standard deviation of the instantaneous heart rates has like the coefficient of R2 only a modest rho with the mean tau unlike the coefficient of R2 however this sigma is derivable from established statistical principles we show further that the coefficient of R2 the sigma of heart rates and the standard deviation of HR periods are approximately equally strong predictors of survival after myocardial infarction
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the arterial partial pressure pco of carbon dioxide is virtually constant because of the close match between the metabolic production of this gas and its excretion via PLB blood gas homeostasis does not rely solely on changes in lung ventilation but also to a considerable extent on circulatory adjustments that regulate the transport of co from its CS of production to the lungs the neural mechanisms that coordinate circulatory and ventilatory changes to achieve blood gas homeostasis are the subject of this review emphasis will be placed on the control of sympathetic outflow by central chemoreceptors high C2 of co exert an excitatory effect on sympathetic outflow that is mediated by specialized chemoreceptors such as the SN located in the retrotrapezoid region in addition high co causes an aversive awareness in conscious animals activating wakepromoting pathways such as the noradrenergic SN these neuronal CG which may also be directly G1 by brain acidification have projections that contribute to the coinduced rise in breathing and sympathetic outflow however since the level of activity of the retrotrapezoid nucleus is regulated by converging inputs from wakepromoting systems behaviorspecific inputs from higher centers and by chemical drive the main focus of the present manuscript is to review the contribution of CE chemoreceptors to the control of autonomic and respiratory mechanisms
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all patients with figo stage ib CC registered with the department of clinical oncology at the western GA hospital edinburgh during the years from to have been reviewed as part of a continuing programme of clinical audit of the patients with stage ib disease were treated by primary surgery of whom also received adjuvant radiotherapy radical radiotherapy was the definitive treatment for patients three patients were not treated with curative ine tautomer band trp is highly luminescent and its proximity to the pyridoxal moiety leads to an over quenching of its fluorescence with both reduced and native coenzyme the trp phosphorescence spectrum possesses a narrow welldefined vibrational band centered at nm a wavelength that indicates strong polar interactions with neighboring charges the observation of DF in the native complex implies that the excited triplet state is involved in a process of tripletsinglet energy transfer to the ketoenamine tautomer the rate of SE transfer heterogeneous in lowtemperature glasses with rate constants of and s becomes homogeneous in fluid solutions as the coenzyme tautomer interconversion is likely faster than the phosphorescence decay in both apo and holoalpha beta the phosphorescence from trp is longlived even at ambient temperatureabstract truncated at words
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the human mirrorsystem is suggested to play a crucial role in action observation and execution and is characterized by activity in the premotor and parietal cortices during the passive observation of movements the previous motor experience of the observer has been shown to enhance the activity in this network yet visual experience could also have a determinant influence when watching more complex actions as in dance performances here we tested the impact visual experience has on motor simulation when watching dance by measuring changes in corticospinal excitability we also tested the effects of empathic abilities to fully match the participants LT visual experience with the present experimental setting we used three live solo dance performances ballet indian dance and nondance participants were either frequent dance spectators of ballet or indian dance or novices who never watched dance none of the spectators had been physically TR in these dance styles transcranial MS was used to measure CS excitability by means of motorevoked potentials meps in both the hand and the arm because the hand is specifically used in indian dance and the arm is frequently engaged in ballet dance movements we observed that frequent ballet spectators showed larger mep amplitudes in the arm muscles when watching ballet compared to when they watched other performances we also found that the higher indian dance spectators scored on the fantasy subscale of the interpersonal reactivity index the larger their meps were in the arms when watching indian dance our results show that even without PT corticospinal excitability can be enhanced as a function of either visual experience or the tendency to imaginatively transpose oneself into fictional characters we suggest that spectators covertly simulate the movements for which they have acquired visual experience and that empathic abilities heighten motor resonance during dance observation
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spatial working memory is a central cognitive process that matures through adolescence in conjunction with L1 changes in brain CF and anatomy here we focused on late childhood and early adolescence to more closely examine the neural correlates of performance R2 during this important transition period using a modified spatial back task with two memory load conditions in an fmri T0 we examined the relationship between loaddependent neural responses and task performance in a sample of youth aged years our data revealed that betweensubject differences in task performance was predicted by loaddependent deactivation in default network regions including the ventral ACC vacc and posterior cingulate cortex pcc although loaddependent increases in activation in prefrontal and posterior parietal regions were only weakly correlated with performance increased prefrontalparietal coupling was associated with better performance furthermore behavioral measures of executive function from as early as age predicted current loaddependent deactivation in vacc and pcc these findings suggest that both task positive and task negative brain activation during spatial working memory contributed to successful task performance in late childhoodearly adolescence this may serve as a good MM for studying executive control deficits in developmental disorders
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the regulatory role of synovial fluid monocytesmacrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis in terms of b lymphocyte activation was evaluated by a reverse haemolytic plaqueforming cell pfc CA macrophagedepleted blood MNC cells bmc failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen pwm with autologous synovial fluid macrophages added the pfc responses of macrophagedepleted bmc increased and optimal concentration for full restoration of the pfc responses ranged from to synovial fluid mononuclear cells smc as well as macrophagedepleted smc were not able to respond to pwm addition of irradiated autologous blood macrophages to smc did not increase the smc pfc responses it is concluded that the RII properties of synovial fluid macrophages do not explain the low pfc response of smc to pwm
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a yearold man with oldstanding pagets disease of bone developed in an isolated sarcoma of the left elbow confirmed by biopsy the sarcoma responded to irradiation and multiple chemotherapy in august pain started along the RA sciatic nerve clinical examination revealed a tumour deep in the RA gluteal region which was found to be another sarcoma close to the SI joint cobalt irradiation produced little symptomatic improvement and the patient died four months later presumably of metastases since january the pagets disease had been treated with dichloromethylene diphosphate with satisfactory clinical biochemical and histological results but the drug did not influence the course of the sarcoma
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surface pasteurization for inactivation of LM was evaluated for radiant heat prepackage pasteurization submersed water postpackage pasteurization and combinations of the two techniques on various types of RTE deli turkey products obtained from at least four different manufacturers products were inoculated either by inpackage liquid inoculum or surface spongecontact with approximately cfu of l monocytogenes additional testing of radiant heat pasteurization was performed with lowlevel inoculation of product undersides with approximately cfu of l monocytogenes followed by enrichment REC T3 pasteurization prepackage pasteurization provided to log reductions when processed for s and to log reductions when processed for s an improved radiant oven provided s and s log reductions of l monocytogenes no positive samples were detected after enrichment when samples of deli turkey to kg undersides were inoculated at low levels and processed for s submersed water postpackage pasteurization provided to log reductions when processed for or min and combinations of the two processes gave to log inactivation of l monocytogenes using either s or s for the prepackage and postpackage pasteurization processes respectively these processes either individually or in combination can provide postprocess beta of bacteria for the manufacture of safe readytoeat deli meats
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distraction osteogenesis do is a mechanotransduction process capable of generating viable osseous tissue by the gradual separation of osteotomized bone edges several variables are implicated in do magnitude of mechanical CS distraction rate and type of distracted bone the combination of these factors acts on different types of cells inducing apoptosis cell proliferation and differentiation the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms has important clinical implications because it may facilitate the use of recombinant proteins or gene therapy to accelerate bone regeneration previous reports have analyzed several molecules such as ECM cytokines bone morphogenetic proteins hormones and angiogenic factors moreover a single protein can have multifunctional roles with such a huge number of mechanical histologic cellular and molecular variables there is the need to have a cell SC model that enables the selection of the effect of a specific strength to a single cell type at different time points and with or without cytokines the analysis of the genetic profiling of a cell line cultured on an equibiaxial stretcof one or more of the positive regulators of angiogenesis numerous inducers of angiogenesis have been identified and this review offers a historical account of the relevant literature concerning the discovery of one of the best characterized angiogenic AF namely vascular endothelial growth factor vegfvascular permeability factor moreover different strategies designed to stimulate and to inhibit vegf production in the context of several potential therapeutical implications are discussed
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alveolar hydatid disease or alveolar echinococcosis is a disease of the parasite echinococcus multilocularis that is potentially fatal if left untreated it primarily involves the CL but can be disseminated to other organs like the lungs and the brain by hematogenous route multiorgan involvement and the aggressive appearance of lesions make AHD easy to confuse with a M1 malignancy for this reason histopathological confirmation is essential for definite diagnosis we present the imaging features of this disease in two patients in order to emphasize that these lesions can be easily misdiagnosed as malignancies
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this review discusses postoperative gastric ischaemia T3 detailed consideration of the gastric blood supply and the effects of devascularization special consideration is given to gastric remnant CN lesser curve ischaemia after highly selective vagotomy and gastric ischaemia T3 other operations
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the deltanotch ST pathway has widespread roles in animal development in which it appears to control cell fate cbfrbpjkappa the mammalian homolog of drosophila suppressor of hr suh switches from a transcriptional repressor to an activator upon notch activation the mechanism whereby notch regulates this switch is not clear in this report we show that prior to induction cbfrbpjkappa interacts with a corepressor complex containing smrt silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors and the histone deacetylase hdac this complex binds via the cbf repression domain and mutants defective in repression fail to interact with the complex activation by notch disrupts the formation of the repressor complex thus establishing a molecular basis for the notch switch finally esr a xenopus gene activated by notch and xsuh is induced in animal caps treated with tsa an inhibitor of hdac the PET role for the smrthdac complex in cbfrbpjkappa regulation reveals a novel genetic switch in which extracellular ligands control the status of critical nuclear cofactor complexes
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recent studies by ebstein et al and benjamin et al found associations between long repeat polymorphisms in the d dopamine receptor gene ddr and individual variation in a human personality trait identified as novelty seeking ns ebstein et al used the tridimensional personality questionnaire tpq to measure ns scores benjamin et al used the revised neo personality inventory neopir to estimate ns scores however malhotra et al failed to replicate the association between the direct measure of ns using the tpq and the long alleles of the ddr genotypes in two finnish samples in an attempt to confirm the association found by benjamin et al using neopir estimated ns the present T0 used an alternative design extreme groups strategy to select high and low novelty seeking research volunteers from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging blsa there were no significant associations between long alleles repeat allele and high NS CG the findings of ebstein and colleagues and those of benjamin and colleagues do not generalize to this american middleaged mixedgender sample a conclusion also consistent with the findings of a recent swedish study demographic factors such as the age and gender composition of the samples are important sources of R2 in allelic association studies and future research must carefully address whether the ddr genetic polymorphisms vary substantially across demographic CG
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the aim of this retrospective T0 was to assess postoperative SQ of life qol after robotassisted radical transmediastinal esophagectomy defined as a nontransthoracic esophagectomy with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy combining a robotic transhiatal RPA and a videoassisted cervical RPA the results were compared to those of transthoracic esophagectomy
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laparoscopic adrenal surgery has significantly improved during the last years thus at the moment it is possible to define such technique as the therapeutic gold standard option in the treatment of the adrenal PT however some doubts are still remaining concerning the feasibility of laparoscopic ADX in case of malignant adrenal PT hypervascular tumors pheochromocytoma and indeterminate incidentaloma this study aimed to review all the literature of the last three years only article with abstracts using the criteria of selection of the cochrane library in order to find class i and class iiiii studies which are able to surely or respectively probably respond to the various questions yet to be answered two hundred and twelve papers have been selected the class i studies stated the following evidences laparoscopic treatment of pheochromocytoma is the gold standard too independently from the dimension the short term results of laparoscopic anterior and posterior approach are equivalent to those of the lateral one doubts still remain concerning the role of LS in the treatment of metastases big pheochromocytomas small size incidentalomas risk of overtreatement nearly no respond has been given to others issues such as the single port techniques in LA the role of radiofrequency laparoscopic ablation of the adrenal tumor the kind of treatment of stadium i and ii adrenocortical carcinoma and big size cm PT the management of nonfunctioning incidentaloma of cm the role of the robot and finally the RPA of the bilateral PT we conclude that despite many issues on the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy in the adrenal surgery have been definitely clarified so that such technique has been declared the gold standard method in the treatment of the adrenal RT doubts still remain in some aspects of this method however since the researches in this field are proceeding with high evolution velocity in the next future most of the questions that are still present should be definitively adressed
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pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als include in addition to selective motor neuron mn degeneration the occurrence of protein aggregates mitochondrial dysfunction and astrogliosis sod mutations cause rare familial forms of als and have provided the most widely studied animal models relatively recent studies implicating another protein tdp in familial and sporadic forms of als have led to the OD of new animal models more recently mutations in the valosincontaining protein vcp gene linked to the human genetic disease inclusion body myopathy associated with pagets disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia ibmpfd were found also to be associated with als in some patients a heterozygous knockin vcp mouse model of ibmpfd vcprh exhibited muscle bone and BB pathology characteristic of the human disease we have undertaken studies of spinal cord pathology in vcprh mice and find agedependent degeneration of ventral horn mns tdppositive cytosolic inclusions mitochondrial aggregation and progressive astrogliosis aged animals months show electromyography evidence of denervation consistent with the observed mn loss although these animals do not develop rapidly progressive fatal alslike disease during their lifespans they recapitulate key pathological features of both human disease and other animal models of als and may provide a valuable new model for studying events preceding onset of catastrophic disease
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the hospital committee of the EU union has redefined the role of the hospital within a changing society in future the hospital will be dedicated to a clear vision of public health and will constitute part of a network of integrated care from a bedfocused enterprise it will become a health centre providing all services requisite for the care of acute psychiatric and chronically ill patients whether stationary as outpatients or in daycare this center will be distinguished from other PCS by its operative technical resources and by its highly motivated and welltrained staff
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severe AP can be complicated early in its course by life threatening conditions such as abdominal compartment syndrome we report a patient who needed ABD decompression three days after admission to the intensive care unit because of IA hypertension and end stage organ dysfunction the clinical course was protracted but the patient survived and was discharged from the hospital
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in obesity impaired glucose tolerance igt NIDDM diabetes mellitus niddm and gestational diabetes mellitus gdm defects in gl transport system activity contribute to insulin resistance in target tissues in adipocytes from obese and niddm patients we found that pretranslational suppression of the insulinresponsive glut gl transporter isoform is a L1 cause of cellular insulin resistance however whether this process is operative in skeletal muscle is not clear to address this issue we performed percutaneous biopsies of the vastus lateralis in lean and obese control subjects and in obese patients with igt and niddm and open biopsies of the rectus abdominis at cesarian section in lean and obese gravidas and gravidas with gdm glut was measured in total postnuclear MF from both muscles by immunoblot analyses the maximally insulinstimulated rate of in vivo Rd assessed with euglycemic glucose clamps decreased in obesity and in niddm reflecting diminished glucose uptake by muscle however in vastus lateralis relative amounts of glut per milligram membrane protein were similar ns among lean and obese subjects and patients with igt and niddm glut content was also unchanged when levels were normalized per wet weight per total protein and per dna as an index of cell number C2 of glut mrna were similarly not affected by obesity igt or niddm whether normalized per rna or for the amount of an unrelated constitutive mrna species because muscle SF types i and ii exhibit different capacities for insulinmediated gl uptake we tested whether a NC in fiber composition could cause insulin resistance without altering overall levels of glut however we found that quantities of fiberspecific isoenzymes phopholamban and types i and ii caatpase were similar in all subject groups in rectus abdominis glut content was similar in the lean obese and gdm gravidas whether normalized per milligram membrane protein relative levels were and respectively or per wet weight total protein and dna we conclude that in human disease states characterized by insulin resistance ie obesity igt niddm and gdm glut gene expression is normal in vastus lateralis or rectus abdominis to the extent that these muscles are representative of total muscle mass insulin resistance in skeletal muscle may involve impaired glut function or translocation and not transporter SD as observed in AT
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the relationship between PLT abnormalities and vessel wall changes in diabetes is not known we have examined the time course of alterations in in vitro platelet function and endothelial damage as assessed by measurement of plasma C2 of von willebrand factor viiirwf and factor viiirelated antigen viiirag in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats PLT aggregation and the platelet release reaction in response to adp thrombin and collagen were measured in suspensions of washed platelets prepared from rats or days T3 induction of diabetes and in control animals platelets from diabetic animals showed enhanced aggregation response to adp as early as days after induction of diabetes and became hyperresponsive to thrombin after days compared to control platelets thrombininduced PR of serotonin was greater in platelets from diabetic animals at days collageninduced responses were not different at any time studied viiirwf was determined by ristocetininduced PLT agglutination time in gelfiltered platelets and viiirag was determined by immunoelectrophoretic technique viiirwf and viiirag were significantly enhanced in plasma from rats at days after induction of diabetes and viiirag was enhanced in plasma from rats at days after induction of diabetes but at the earlier times studied neither were different from values in plasma from controltreated rats changes in viiirwf and viiirag therefore occurred later than the changes in platelet function plasma cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different at any of the times studied but plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly ibud mesenchyme cells solursh m t f linsenmayer and k l jensen dev biol to test whether specific CSK components mediate this influence of cell shape we examined different CSK disrupting agents for their ability to affect chondrogenesis limb bud cells cultured at subconfluent densities on plastic substrata normally become flattened contain numerous cytoplasmic MTs and actin bundles and do not undergo spontaneous chondrogenesis if such cultures are treated with microgramsml cytochalasin d during the initial h in culture the cells round up lose their actin cables and undergo chondrogenesis as indicated by the production of immunologically detectable CII and a pericellular AB IF matrix cytochalasin d also induces cartilage formation by highdensity cultures of proximal limb bud cells which normally become blocked in a protodifferentiated state in addition cytochalasin d was found to reverse the normal inhibition by fibronectin of chondrogenesis by proximal limb bud cells cultured in hydrated collagen gels agents that disrupt MTs have no apparent effect on the shape or chondrogenic differentiation of limb bud mesenchymal cells these results suggest an involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling cell shape and chondrogenic differentiation of limb bud mesenchyme interactions of the actin cytoskeleton and EM components may provide a regulatory mechanism for mesenchyme cell differentiation into cartilage or fibrous connective tissue in the developing limb
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early PN SE to both exogenous and endogenous oxytocin ot can have LT effects on behavior and physiology although the mechanisms of these effects are not known cfos expression was used to investigate the immediate neural effects of neonatal manipulations of ot in male and female prairie voles on the day of birth prairie vole pups received an intraperitoneal injection of ot a selective ot antagonist ota or saline VH control while an additional group was handled but not injected one hour after treatment brains were collected and fixed via spinning immersion and immunocytochemistry was then used to label for cfos immunoreactivity ir there were significant differences between males and females handled only females displayed significantly higher levels of cfos ir in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus md than males while handled males had higher cfos ir in the PVH nucleus of the hypothalamus than females exogenous ot stimulated neuronal activity in the SO son in males while treatment with ota increased fos ir in the son and was associated with reduced fos ir in the md in females the results indicate that neuronal activity and responses to ot are sexually dimorphic in P0 prairie voles in females changes in fos expression were stimulated by treatment with ota suggesting that endogenous ot affects cellular activity while males responded to exogenous ot
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previous studies in the rat have demonstrated that corresponding IP tactile and somatosensory cortical inputs converge within the granule cell layer of various cerebellar lobules and further that descending corticopontine projections from the forelimb sensory cortex flscx partially overlap with the projection zones of ascending BA pontine afferents from nucleus cuneatus nc the present T0 employed anatomical and EP procedures to determine whether cortical and dorsal column nuclear afferent projections converge on pontine SN that in turn provide mossy fiber input to the granule cell SL of the PML pml ie that portion of the rodent cerebellum shown to receive forelimb IP inputs the combination of the orthograde and retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase hrp conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin wga was used CS microscopically to demonstrate that orthogradely labeled projections from injections of the flscx and nc converged with pontoparamedian projection SN that were retrogradely labeled from i.v. of the pml thctivity all seven primary carcinomas displayed keratin immunoreactivity but only six of the seven xenograft tumors showed keratin positive cells when a tumor marker was detected in a primary tumor it was usually found in at least some of the xenografts arising from that RT however marker loss did occur with repeated passage of tumors in some cases on the other hand markers were expressed in xenografts which were not present in the corresponding primary RT in three instances hpl was detected in xenografts derived from hpl negative primary carcinomas this was also true for cea and nca in one case these results show that tumor markers are expressed to varying degrees by PT growing as xenografts in nude mice in primary tumors hpl is associated with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and this marker was found to appear in hpl negative tumors as the RT cells became less differentiated while growing as xenografts in nude mice
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nine previously treated idiopathic growth hormone deficiency children were treated again with recombinant hgh for one year the dosage and route of administration were the same as those in the previous treatment the height velocity increased from cmyear mean sd to cmyear compared with the HV cma in the first year treatment it decreased in the second year p less than the results also showed that the effect was better with a dosage of iukgwk divided into sc doses than with iukgwk divided into im doses eight of the cases had low SS t after treatment but no symptoms of HT were seen antihgh antibody was observed in cases though it did not affect the height velocity no other SE were noticed during treatment
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cardiometabolic cm risk factors are heritable and cluster in individuals we hypothesized that cm risk factors are associated with multiple shared and unique mrna and microrna mirna signatures we examined associations of mrna and mirna C2 with cm traits body mass index hdlcholesterol and triglycerides FG and BP through crosssectional analysis of framingham heart study who had whole blood collection for rna isolation for mrna and mirna expression studies and who consented to genetic research we excluded participants taking medication for hypertension dyslipidemia or diabetes we measured mrna n using the affymetrix genechip human exon st array and mirna n using qrtpcr expression in whole blood we used linear regression for mrna analyses and a combination of linear and LR for mirna analyses we conducted mirnamrna coexpression and gene ontology enrichment analyses to explore relations between pleiotropic mirnas mrna expression and cm trait clustering
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to determine whether patients with CHB who lose hepatitis b virus dna and hbsag from the serum CR resolve the SH and virus infection we evaluated serum and CL tissue from patients who had lost hbsag these patients were evaluated for clinical histological and serological features and for HBV-DNA by use of hybridization and PCR reaction techniques CL biochemical test results were normal in all except two patients who had mild aminotransferase elevations all sera were negative for HBV-DNA by direct hybridization and only one was positive transiently by PCR reaction CL histology was abnormal in all patients but the changes were mild and markedly improved compared with biopsy specimens taken before loss of hbsag liver tissue from patients was positive for hepatitis b virus dna by polymerase chain reaction but not by direct hybridization these findings indicate that loss of hbsag is associated with marked improvements in clinical and serum biochemical features of chronic SH b yet mild degrees of hepatitis and low levels of viral dna may persist in the liver
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to prepare the vincristine sulfate vcr microspheres by woo solvent evaparation method and evaluate the effect of zinc carbonate znco on the morphology and release kinetics of the microspheres
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PCS stimuli are subject to pronounced temporal filtering during afferent processing such that changes occurring at certain rates are amplified and others are diminished temporal filtering of nociceptive information remains poorly understood however the phenomenon of offset analgesia where a disproportional drop in perceived pain intensity is caused by a slight drop in noxious heat stimulation indicates potent temporal filtering in the pain pathways to develop a better understanding of how dynamic changes in a physical stimulus are constructed into an experience of pain a TF between the skin temperature and the perceived pain intensity was modeled ten seconds of temperaturecontrolled IR nm laser stimulations above the pain threshold with a °c increment decrement or constant temperature were applied to the dorsum of the hand of healthy human volunteers the skin temperature was assessed by an infrared camera offset analgesia was evoked by laser heat stimulation the estimated transfer functions showed shorter latencies when the temperature was increased by °c seconds seconds than when decreased by °c seconds seconds and smaller gains increase decrease the maximal gain was observed at rates around hz these results show that temperature changes occurring around hz are best perceived and that a temperature decrease is associated with a larger but slower NC in pain perception than a comparable temperature increase these psychophysical findings confirm the existence of differential mechanisms involved in temporal filtering of dynamic increases and decreases in noxious CS- intensity
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colorectal liver metastases clm represent a L1 challenge for oncologists and surgeons in fact in this setting the optimal treatment of patients can achieve a LTS and sometimes a definitive cure of disease in recent years improvements in both medical therapies and surgical approaches have led to an increased rate of patients considered amenable for surgery on clm new perspectives in the management of clm underline the need for a comprehensive assessment of patient and tumor characteristics to integrate technical and prognostic issues into an individualized therapeutic strategy in different patient subgroups the multidisciplinary DUE from the ON and during treatment remains the key element to maximizing the benefit of more intensive treatment modalities
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the topdown fabrication of an inplane nanowire nw gaas metaloxidesemiconductor fieldeffect transistor mosfet with a trigate oxide implemented by liquidphase chemicalenhanced oxidation lpceo is reported a μm long channel having an ERP cross section ⼠à nm is directly fabricated into an epitaxial n gaas SL this inplane nw structure is achieved by focused ion beam fib milling and hydrolyzation oxidation resulting in electronic isolation from the ATP through a semiconductoroninsulator structure with an n gaasalo layer stack the channel is epitaxially connected to the μmscale source and drain within a single layer for a planar mosfet to avoid any issues of ohmic contact and lpceo to the nw to fabricate a mosfet the top and the two sidewalls of the inplane nw are Ox by lpceo to relieve the surface damage from fib as well as to transform these surfaces to a ⼠nm thick gate oxide this trigate device has threshold Vc ⼠v and peak transconductance ⼠μs μm with a subthreshold swing ⼠mvdecade and onoff ratio of drain current ⼠comparable to the performance of bottomup nw devices
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BS AEP evoked potential baep and visual CEP vep studies were undertaken in patients with chronic cervical pain associated with auditory and visual PS of more than months duration the purpose of the study was to ascertain possible CE abnormalities including posterior cervical sympathetic syndrome barrelieou syndrome in their AEP andor visual pathways patients who had been treated surgically for C2 pain were excluded from the T0 group all patients had normal cervical radiographs and electromyographic findings six also had normal ct scans and myelograms a criterion of the T0 was that abnormal results would be considered significant only if ophthalmological andor otolaryngological workups failed to reveal an underlying organic abnormality the tecate was used throughout the study as well as the international tentwenty system of electrode placement the results showed no abnormalities in the RL amplitude or waveform morphology of the evoked potentials baep and vep studies do not appear to reveal CE abnormalities of the AEP and visual pathways in this group of patients however in view of the small number of patients included in the study no conclusions can be made with certainty and the study is continuing
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group a streptococcus gas is a humanspecific bacterial pathogen responsible for serious morbidity and mortality worldwide the hyaluronic acid ha capsule of gas is a L1 VF contributing to bloodstream survival through resistance to neutrophil and AMP killing and to in vivo pathogenicity capsule biosynthesis has been exclusively attributed to the ubiquitous hasabc HAS operon which is highly conserved across gas serotypes previous reports indicate that hasa encoding hyaluronan synthase and hasb encoding udpglucose dehydrogenase are essential for capsule production in gas here we report that precise allelic exchange mutagenesis of hasb in gas strain a representative of the globally disseminated mt serotype did not abolish ha capsule synthesis in silico wholegenome screening identified a putative hasb paralog designated hasb with amino acid identity to hasb at a distant location in the gas chromosome in vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that recombinant hasb is a functional udpglucose dehydrogenase enzyme mutagenesis of hasb alone slightly decreased capsule abundance however a δhasb δhasb double mutant became CR acapsular we conclude that hasb is not essential for mt gas capsule biogenesis due to the presence of a newly identified hasb paralog hasb which most likely resulted from gene duplication the ID of redundant udpglucose dehydrogenases underscores the importance of ha capsule expression for mt gas pathogenicity and survival in the human host
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three independent EP approaches in hypothalamic slices were used to test the hypothesis that gammaamino BA gabaa receptor activation excites suprachiasmatic nucleus scn SN during the subjective day consistent with a recent report first multipleunit re required but the concentration of formate is maintained at a constant non or weakly inhibitory level throughout the enzymatic conversion thus enabling a particular nadhdependent dehydrogenase to operate stably and at high reaction rates for xylitol production from xylose using yeast xylose reductase kiformate mm a fedbatch conversion of m xylose yielded productivities of g l h that are threefold improved when contrasted to a conventional batch reaction that employed equal initial concentrations of xylose and formate
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zenkers diverticulum is a protrusion of the posterior mucosal wall of the hypopharynx through the weakened muscular SL between the oblique fibers of the VPI constrictor of the pharynx and the transverse fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle killians dehiscence PE pulsion diverticulum is the most common of all the oesophageal diverticuli and is characterised by dysphagia regurgitation gurling sounds in the neck and aspiration the current principles of surgical management includes a PE myotomy accompanied by a diverticulectomy or a diverticulopexy the same principles apply in both open RPA and the endoscopic methods
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the photodegradation products of the anticancer drug dacarbazine cause adverse reactions including local venous pain when injected intravenously in this study we attempted to identify which of these products is responsible we synthesized or purchased five photodegradation products of DTIC DMA diazoimidazolecarboxamide diazoic carbamoylimidazoliumolate carbamoylcarbamoylimidazolylazoimidazoliumolate and azahypoxanthine and examined the pain reaction induced by their intraperitoneal administration in mice using an abdominal stretching or constriction assay only diazoic clearly induced pain reaction in mice in a dosedependent manner the other products caused no pain reaction the threshold concentration for pain reaction in mice was estimated to be about mg ml while diclofenac sodium significantly reduced aceticacidinduced pain reaction in mice it did not influence those induced by diazoic this result suggests that the mechanism of diazoicinduced pain is different from that of aceticacidinduced inflammatory pain DTIC itself produced marked relaxation of rat thoracic aorta strips in a concentrationdependent manner but there was no difference between the activity of DTIC and its photoexposed solution so constriction or relaxation of blood vessels is unlikely to be a factor in the pain reaction in conclusion diazoic generated by photodegradation of dacarbazine solution causes the sideeffect of venous pain dacle cofactor in the disease a short reminder about the currently available diagnostic tools for assessing nasal patency and resistance is given next finally the relation between the nose and treatment of sleeprelated breathing disorders with nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure is discussed
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quercetin qu has been shown obvious antiarthritic property in preclinical studies or clinical studies howbeit the underlying mechanism of it is still not revealed distinctly and should be gotten further insight into qu at a dosage of mgkg was administered orally in collageninduced arthritis rats and then the clinical symptoms were monitored the protein levels of thtregrelated cytokines were determined by elisa and the mrna C2 of cytokines and transcription factors associated with the th and treg phenotypes were evaluated by realtime pcr the proportions of th and treg cells were assessed by FC the results showed that qu administration yielded an obvious mitigation of arthritic manifestations including high arthritic scores and paw edema which was accompanied with decrement of threlated cytokines ila and il and increment of tregrelated cytokines il and tgfβ qu decreased the percentage of th cells while increased the percentage of treg cells in addition the activation of nlrp inflammasome which plays a crucial role in the OD of ra was determined and found that the protein expressions of nlrp ICE and ilβ were diminished by qu significantly moreover the protein C2 of inflammatory mediators which were recognized as chief culprits in inflammatory reaction were assayed the contents of inflammatory mediators inclusive of tnfα ilβ il pge cox and inos were downregulated markedly by qu but the inhibitory effect of qu on inflammatory mediators was nearly abolished by heme oxygenase ho sirna taken together qu attenuates cia via modulating the thtreg balance inhibiting nlrp inflammasome activation as well as activating homediated antiinflammatory response
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based on an analysis of results taken from sitedirected mutagenesis studies performed on opioid receptors a role for the extracellular loops in conferring opioid AT1 selectivity is proposed it is suggested that the extracellular loop regions which represent the region of highest sequence R2 among opioid subtypes interact with opioid ligands in a primarily nonspecific fashion although these interactions are nonspecific they appear to play a discriminatory role in ligand IB and in certain cases prevent particular ligands from binding among receptor subtypes we propose that selectivity may be imparted through a mechanism of exclusion rather than specific pharmacophore recognition within the extracellular loops and NT domain this hypothesis is supported by a careful analysis of the binding profiles of several selective and nonselective ligands to a variety of chimeric mutants these results when combined with results taken from singlepoint mutation experiments point to the existence of a high affinity IB pocket within the transmembrane region which may be common among the opioid subtypes
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about of all human conceptuses are estimated to be trisomic and trisomy of all chromosomes remains a common cause of early fetal loss uniparental disomy upd has been reported for most human chromosomes and may be an underrecognized contributor to embryonic lethality to investigate the contribution of upd to spontaneous abortions we devised a genomebased screening strategy to identify holochromosomic upd in fetal losses no cases of upd were identified using this RPA based on our data upd does not appear to be a significant contributor to early embryonic lethality the results of the study are presented along with a review of the cases of upd reported in the literature by chromosome parental origin mode of ascertainment and phenotypic consequences endency and the pathogenetic potential of dcp hepatotoxicity a single intraperitoneal i.t. was given to six CG of rats with ml of ethanol control or x x x x and x ld mlkg of dichloro propanol dcp diluted in ethanol after blood samplings all organs were subjected to histologic examinations with light and electron microscopes fresh CL tissues from further control and experimental rats sacrificed hours after the injection of ethanol and x ld of dcp were homogenized and subjected to evaluate lipid peroxidation glutathione stransferase activity and reduced glutathione contents in the liver the rats po with only ethanol or and ld of dcp showed no serological or histopathological CA marked elevation of serum glu pyruvate transaminase sgpt with a diffuse massive CN of the CL cells were noted in all rats of both the x and x ld CG and irregular zonal necroses were found in of rats injected with ld there were no serious toxic changes in other organs hepatic MDA level was significantly increased associated with decreases of liver glutathione stransferase activity and reduced glutathione content it was concluded that the serious dcptoxicity was mainly found in the livers dose dependently and one of the causative mechanisms of this hepatotoxicity might be the lipid peroxidation
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a yearold female weeks Pr presented to our hospital with complaints of progressively increasing dyspnea she was hypertensive with creatine of she was transferred to icu with multiple medications to control her blood pressure without success the patient continued to decompensate which required intubation the patient developed acute renal failure part of her workup suggested BL RAS she was taken to the catheterization lab and was found to have BL total renal artery occlusion the left renal i.a. was successfully opened the patient recovered and her blood pressure was controlled after the procedure in the past surgery was the preferred treatment in cases of acute RAO this RPA has been replaced increasingly by renal artery angioplasty which is less invasive and is at least as ERP as surgical reconstruction our case demonstrates a percutaneous RPA can be tried for totally occluded renal i.a. with a successful outcome
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myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia mmm is uniquely characterized by macroscopic BMS changes that are believed to be both reactive and cytokine mediated furthermore a prognostically detrimental increase in bone marrow angiogenesis has recently been demonstrated these observations suggest a potential therapeutic role for agents that are GABA to angiogenesis as well as cytokines that are pathogenetically implicated in mmm in a prospective study of patients with mmm thalidomide treatment starting at a dose of mgd resulted in increased PLT counts of patients increased haemoglobin level of a modest decrease in spleen size of increased bone marrow megakaryopoiesis of and decreased bone marrow angiogenesis of undesirable haematological effects included pericardial extramedullary haematopoiesis in one patient marked leucocytosis in two patients and extreme thrombocytosis in three patients the thrombocytosis occurred in both patients with postthrombocythaemic MM ptmm and was also associated with higher baseline C2 of circulating cd cells previously described toxicities of thalidomide were seen in the majority of patients and dose escalation to mgd was permitted in only two patcigarette smoking adversely effects the health of smokers given recent advances in molecular biology including the completion of the draft CS of the human genome interest has now turned to identifying gene markers that predict a heightened risk of using tobacco and developing ND
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a robotic arm system was developed for use by children who had very severe motor disabilities and varying levels of cognitive and language skills the children used the robot in a threetask CS routine to dig objects from a tub of dry macaroni the robotic system was used in the childs school for sessions over a period of four weeks goal attainment scaling indicated improvement in all children in operational competence of the robot and varying levels of gain in functional skill development with the robot and in carryover to the classroom from the robot experiments teacher interviews revealed gains in classroom participation expressive language vocalizations symbolic communication and a high degree of interest by the children in the robot tasks the teachers also recommended that the robot should have more color contrast and character as well as generating sounds andor music for student cues they also felt that the robotic system accuracy should be increased so that teacher assistance is not necessary to CR the task
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instent restenosis isr is a limitation of percutaneous coronary MI and has been linked to specific clinical and angiographic variables we aimed to simultaneously assess thrombosis biomarkers and lipid levels in patients with and without isr
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the enzyme spnf involved in the biosynthesis of spinosyn a catalyzes a formal cycloaddition of a membered macrolactone which may proceed as a concerted dielsalder reaction or a stepwise cycloaddition followed by a cope rearrangement quantum mechanicsmolecular mechanics qmmm calculations combined with free energy simulations show that the DA pathway is favored in the enzyme environment omcharmm free SE simulations for the spnfcatalyzed reaction predict a free SE barrier of kcalmol for the concerted dielsalder process and provide no evidence of a competitive stepwise pathway compared with the gas phase the enzyme lowers the dielsalder barrier significantly consistent with experimental observations inspection of the optimized geometries indicates that the enzyme may prearrange the substrate within the active site to accelerate the cycloaddition and impede the cycloaddition through interactions with activesite residues judging from partial charge analysis we find that the hydrogen bond between the thr residue of spnf and the substrate c carbonyl group contributes to the enhancement of the rate of the DA reaction qmmm simulations show that the substrate can easily adopt a reactive conformation in the AS site of spnf because interconversion between the cc strans and scis conformers is facile our qmmm T0 suggests that the enzyme spnf does behave as a dielsalderase
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amazon droughts have impacted regional ecosystem SF-36 as well as global carbon cycling the severe dryseason droughts in and driven by atlantic sea surface temperature sst anomaly have been widely investigated in terms of drought severity and impacts on ecosystems although the influence of pacific sst anomaly on wetseason precipitation has been well recognized it remains uncertain to what extent the droughts driven by pacific sst anomaly could affect forest greenness and photosynthesis in the amazon here we examined the monthly and annual dynamics of forest greenness and photosynthetic capacity when amazon ecosystems experienced an extreme drought in driven by a strong el niño event we found that the drought during august july was one of the two most severe meteorological droughts since due to the enhanced solar radiation during this drought overall forest greenness showed a small increase and of forests even greened up greenness index anomaly ⥠sigma in contrast solarinduced chlorophyll fluorescence sif an indicator of vegetation photosynthetic capacity showed a significant decrease responses of forest greenness and photosynthesis decoupled during this drought indicating that forest photosynthesis could still be suppressed regardless of the variation in canopy greenness if future el niño frequency increases as projected by earth system models droughts would result in persistent reduction in amazon forest productivity substantial changes in tree composition and considerable carbon emissions from amazon
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Sp is a cytoskeletal protein that plays a role in formation of the specialized BPM domains however little is known of the molecular mechanism that regulates responses of Sp to extracellular stimuli such as activation of gproteincoupled receptor gpcr we have found that alphaii Sp is a component of the galphaqassociated protein complex in cho cells stably expressing the m muscarinic receptor and investigated the effect of activation of gpcr on the cellular localization of yellowfluorescentproteintagged alphaii spectrin stimulation of galphaqcoupled m muscarinic receptor triggered reversible RD of alphaii Sp following a rise in intracellular ca concentration this redistribution accompanied by nonapoptotic membrane blebbing required an IN actin CSK and was dependent on activation of phospholipase c protein kinase c and rhoassociated kinase rock muscarinicagonistinduced spectrin remodeling appeared particularly active at localized domains which is clear contrast to that caused by constitutive activation of rock and to global rearrangement of the spectrin lattice caused by changes in osmotic pressure these results suggest a role for spectrin in providing a dynamic and reversible signaling platform to the TPS domains of the plasma membrane in response to stimulation of gpcr
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morphological changes were examined in the corneal endothelium of rabbits C2 of several drugs widely used in ophthalmology C2 of epinephrine and dipivalyl epinephrine eye drops swelling of corneal endothelial cells developed however these changes were reversible no pathological changes were observed in the corneal endothelial SL following the administration of timolol betamethasone and gentamicin eye drops morphological changes were observed in the CE layer after the subconjunctival i.t. of timolol betamethasone and gentamicin
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the purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of nutrients and insulin on igfs and their binding proteins igfbps during the fetal and neonatal periods of three rat populations a rats UN by a reduction in the diet from day of gestation b STZ diabetic rats from the same day or DAB and c control rats fetuses from the diabetic population showed a decrease in insulinemia at and days along with an increase in glycemia at all stages neither glycemia nor insulinemia changed in the fetuses of undernourished mothers but body weight was decreased at birth SS igfii decreased at and days of gestation in fetuses from undernourished mother and increased at and days in fetuses from diabetic mothers SS igfbps of low molecular weight igfbp and igfbp increased in the three fetal populations studied although no changes in SS igfbps were found from the effect of undernutrition or diabetes but FL igfbp mrna expression was found to decreased in undernourished and diabetic animals as compared with controls in neonatal rats body weight insulinemia and SS gh decreased in both UN and diabetic rats vs controls while glycemia decreased in the undernourished and increased in the diabetic group SS igfii decreased only in diabetic rats and SS igfi decreased in both groups the neonatal SS kda complex igfbp and also increased in undernutrition and diabetes parallel to the expression of mrna but taken together the changes in igfbp peptide levels and liver mrna expression strongly suggest that the kda complex seems to be composed mostly of igfbp in the DM and of both igfbp and in the UN animals the studies of liver mrna expression of igfs and igfbps confirm the different metabolic control mechanism for the availability of igfs by the igfbps depending on the animals maturity the different adaptation shown by the diabetic neonatal population was confirmed by rho studies between body weight glycemia insulinemia igfi and igfbps the different mechanism of adaptation in diabetic vs UN rats seems to be probably due to the decisive role played by HG in the diabetic population and also shows the crucial influence of NS on igfs and igfbps
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nine doubleblind placebocontrolled clinical trials involving patients with nonhaemorrhagic stroke have been reviewed to investigate the clinical efficacy of ganglioside gm in this disorder the evaluated data show a statistically significant but transient acceleration in REC from neurological deficits in of all gmtreated patients during the first weeks T3 the event compared with PL both studies in which the first administration of gm occurred within hours after stroke demonstrated a statistically significant benefit in neurological REC for the gmtreated patients suggesting an advantage of early administration however quantitative neurological assessments of gm and placebotreated patients between weeks and months disability scores and mortality rates failed to show significant differences the problems and limitations of the trials differences in patient populations studied lack of standardised assessment criteria etc are discussed and potential mechanisms of gm action and factors that influence treatment results eg early administration are evaluated
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the da vinci xi surgical system was released with several upgrades and modifications compared to the previous robotic generations to facilitate minimal invasive surgery herein we present our preliminary experience of robotic laparoendoscopic singlesite gynecologic surgery performed for benign indications with the da vinci xi robotic system in a single center thirtyfive female patients underwent robotic singlesite surgery between june and january the median console time for hysterectomy with or without salpingooophorectomy was min the median intracorporeal vaginal cuff closure time was min two cases were converted to roboticassisted multiport surgery there was one major intraoperative complication none of the patient required ABT when comparing our first cases to subsequent cases of rless hysterectomy there was a statistically significant decrease in surgical times and estimated BL on LR analysis no association was detected between bmi and port entry time or ci p console time or ci p cuff closure time or ci p operative time or ci p and estimated BL or ci p our preliminary experience with robotic laparoendoscopic singlesite surgery using the da vinci xi system has demonstrated feasibility and safety in select patients further studies with greater number of patients in multiple settings will help us to fully elucidate the role of da vinci xi surgical system in singlesite gynecologic surgery
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the localization and distribution of the serotoninergic and peptidergic elements of the NS of larval schistosoma mansoni have been investigated using an indirect IF in conjunction with CSLM cslm a range of antisera was used raised to the biogenic amine hydroxytryptamine ht or serotonin the vertebrate MMP pancreatic polypeptide pp peptide yy pyy and NPY-LI npy and to the native invertebrate peptide fmrfamide all these antisera were shown previously to be immunopositive in the adult worm no immunoreactivity to ht was detected in any of the larval stages but both miracidia and cercariae were consistently immunoreactive to all peptides the peptidergic nervous system of the miracidium is relatively simple taking the form of a CE neural mass with associated paired anterior and posterior nerve tracts the cercarial peptidergic NS comprises a CE commissure joining paired anterior ganglia from which emanate paired dorsal and VP nerve tracts which terminate at the bodytail junction the excretory bladder region of the tail is also immunoreactive for the peptides and a fine pair of nerve tracts extends the length of the tail shaft immunoreactive nerve cell HB are also evident in the midbody region of the intrasprocystic cercariae these same structures being immunoreactive for the neuronal marker neuronespecific enolase nse the organization of the larval peptidergic NS is compared to that of the ACh nervous system and contrasted with the peptidergic system in the adult worm the absence of immunoreactivity to ht is discussed in relation to the proposed development of the aminergic nervous system upon establishment in the definitive host
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SF therapy for rds is likely to become widespread in the near future animal data indicate that this will not preclude a role for hormonal acceleration of lung maturation in studies with prematurely delivered and ventilated fetal rabbits fiascone et al have shown that the administration of betamethasone antenatally improves lung compliance as does intratracheal administration of excess amounts of adult rabbit natural surfactant if the two therapies are combined however an additive effect is observed this suggests that some of the effects of GCs on CL are not related to SF prior glucocorticoid therapy may provide a benefit that differs from that of surfactant therapy because CS mature the lungs anatomically and enhance nonsurfactantrelated tissue compliance it is also possible that surfactant therapy itself may be more effective in the presence of larger and increased numbers of alveoli it thus seems likely that in the future both hormonal enhancement of lung maturation and SF therapy may be used in combination to further reduce the morbidity and mortality from rds
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the effect of AS on the escherichia coli elongation factor tugtpaminoacyltrna complex has been studied the halflives of e coli aminoacyltrna species were determined at degrees c in the presence and absence of an equimolar amount of eftugtp and in the presence and absence of m AS the results indicate that the addition of m ammonium sulfate to the ternary complex increased the stability of all complexes studied in addition the effects of various salts and crystallization agents on the stability of the e coli eftugtpphenylalanyltrna complex was studied in detail IB parameters were also measured under various conditions at degrees c the results indicate that the stability and the kassoc of the ternary complex using phenylalanyltrna can be increased by the presence of polyethylene glycol or AS
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EM proteoglycans pgs and glycosaminoglycans gags play a crucial role in cell differentiation and synaptogenesis by modulating neurite outgrowth the chondroitin sulfate csrich pg the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zetabeta rptp zetabeta has been related to neural morphogenesis and axon guidance HPC sclerosis is the most frequent pathologic finding in patients with intractable mesial TLE mtle which is associated with neroroughened bioactive glasses and compared osteoblast cell responses between smooth and microrough surfaces three different bioactive glass compositions were used and surface microroughening was obtained using a novel chemical etching method porous bioactive glass specimens made of sintered microspheres were immersed in simulated body fluid sbf or tris solutions for or h and the formation of reaction layers was studied by means of a SEM microscopeenergy dispersive xray analysis semedxa cell SC studies were performed on bioactive glass disks to examine the influence of surface microroughness on the att and proliferation of human osteoblastlike cells mg cell attachment was evaluated by means of microscopic counting of in situ stained cells cell proliferation was analyzed with a nonradioactive cell proliferation CA combined with in situ staining and laser confocal microscopy the microroughening of the bioactive glass surface increased the rate of the Si gel layer formation during the first hours of the immersion the formation of calcium phosphate layer was equal between control and microroughened glass surfaces in cell cultures on bioactive glass the microrough surface enhanced the attachment of osteoblastlike cells but did not have an effect on the proliferation rate or morphology of the cells as compared with smooth glass surface in conclusion microroughening significantly accelerated the early formation of surface reactions on three bioactive glasses and had a positive effect on initial cell att
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herein we demonstrate the separation of phosphoprotein isotypes having the same number of phosphate CG using phosphateaffinity sdspage the phosphateaffinity site is a polyacrylamidebound phostag that enables the mobility shift detection of phosphoproteins from their nonphosphorylated counterparts as the first practical example of the separation we characterized the monophosphorylated tau isotypes by each of three tyrosine kinases cabl met and fyn each monophosphoisotype phosphorylated at the tyr tyr or tyr was detected as three distinct migration bands as a further application we D2 this technique to the mobility shift analysis of his and asp phosphoisotypes in the sinorhizobium meliloti fixlfixj twocomponent system fixl is autophosphorylated at the his with atp and the phosphate group is transferred to the asp of fixj and subsequently removed by the fixl phosphatase activity using this method we first performed simultaneous detection of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated isotypes of fixl and fixj generated in their phosphotransfer reaction in vitro as a result a monophosphoisotype of fixl containing the phosphorylated his residue was confirmed as for fixj on the other hand two monophosphoisotypes were detected as two distinct migration bands one is a wellknown isotype phosphorylated at the asp the other is a novel isotype phosphorylated at the his
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metabolism of carboxydarabinitol phosphate cap is an important component in the lightdependent regulation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase rubisco activity and whole leaf photosynthetic co assimilation in many species and functions as one mechanism for regulating rubisco activity when photosynthesis is lightlimited species differ in their capacity to accumulate cap ranging from those which can synthesize levels of this compound approaching or in excess of the rubisco catalytic site concentration to those which apparently lack the capacity for cap synthesis cap is structurally related to the six carbon transition state intermediate of the carboxylation reaction and binds tightly to the carbamylated catalytic site of rubisco making that site unavailable for catalysis under steadystate the concentration of cap in the leaf is highest at low photon flux density pfd or in the dark degradation of cap and REC of rubisco activity requires CS and is stimulated by increasing pfd the initial degradation reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme located in the cp stroma cap phosphatase which yields carboxyarabinitol ca and inorganic phosphate as its products the pathway of ca metabolism in the plant remains to be determined synthesis of cap occurs in the dark and in phaseolus vulgaris this process has been shown to be stimulated by low pfd the pathway of cap synthesis and its relationship to the degradative pathway remains unknown at the present time the discovery of the existence of this previously unknown carbon pathway in photosynthesis indicates that we still have much to learn concerning the regulation of rubisco activity and photosynthesis
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the gastric mucosal content of prostaglandin pg e keto pgf alpha and thromboxane tx b was determined by radioimmunoassay in unfed rats the stomach was removed and gastric mucosal specimens were prepared by MW irradiation of the intact stomach frozen stomach separated frozen glandular portion frozen gastric mucosa separated from the stomach wall and separation of frozen gastric mucosa with no MW irradiation procedure resulted in pge txb and keto FP C2 of and ngg tissue in the fundus and and ngg tissue in the antrum respectively in procedures these values were much higher indicating that the pg content of the gastric mucosa is liable to be changed by various artificial procedures such as freezing and surgical and mechanical handling in procedure values of pg contents were quite unreliable these results suggest that microwave irradiation immediately after removal of the stomach may be the most reliable procedure for the accurate determination of the pg content of the gastric mucosa in vivo
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gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors particularly in AD patients the vast majority of gliomas belongs to the heterogeneous group of diffuse gliomas ie glial tumors characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth in the preexistent brain tissue unfortunately glioblastoma the most aggressive who grade iv diffuse glioma is also by far the most frequent one after standard treatment the year overall survival of glioblastoma patients is approximately only advanced knowledge in the molecular pathology underlying malignant transformation has offered new handles and better treatments for several cancer types unfortunately glioblastoma multiforme gbm patients have not yet profited as although numerous experimental drugs have been tested in clinical trials all failed miserably this grim prognosis for gbm is at least partly due to the lack of successful drug delivery across the bloodbrain tumor barrier bbtb the human brain comprises over billion capillaries with a total length of miles a total surface area of m and a median intercapillary distance of about μm making it the best perfused organ in the body the bbtb encompasses existing and newly formed blood vessels that contribute to the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the tumor and facilitate glioma cell migration to other parts of the BB the high metabolic demands of highgrade glioma create hypoxic Az that trigger increased expression of vegf and angiogenesis leading to the formatioontrolling the infection growth these results were related to the presence of ROS species and reactive nitrogen species in the CPV which were detected by optical emission spectroscopy
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niemannpick type c disease npc is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by accumulation of lipids especially cholesterol in the perinuclear space ua is a cholesterol transportinhibiting agent being used to mimic npc mainly in fibroblasts the objective of this study was to observe the effect of the drug ua which causes the accumulation of cholesterol in the cytoplasm of astrocytes from newborn rats on some lysosomal hydrolase MICs filipin IF and fluorescence microscopy through cellm software were used for visualization and quantification of cholesterol the dose of ua that provided the greatest accumulation of cholesterol was that of µgml in incubation for h primary rat astrocytes incubated with the drug npc showed a significantly higher amount of cholesterol than those without ua controls the measurement of activity of enzymes sphingomyelinase and betaglucosidase in astrocytes of rats with npc was significantly lower than that of control astrocytes which is consistent with the disease in humans the activity of the enzyme betagalactosidase showed no significant difference between both groups we concluded that ua appears to be an excellent intracellular cholesterol transportinhibiting agent affecting some metabolic pathways in astrocytes of young rats which mimics npc in these animals just like the change in the activity of lysosomal enzymes has been demonstrated other biochemical parameters of the cell can be tested with this rat thus contributing to a better understanding of the disease
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functional brain imaging studies have suggested that the STG stg and the middle temporal gyrus mtg are involved in phonological and lexicalsemantic processing respectively however the precise role of the posterior temporal lobe is not fully understood to clarify the PET relevance of the left posterior stg and mtg during language processing we used neuronavigationguided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rtms the reaction times and error rates for healthy volunteers performing auditory repetition and lexicalsemantic decision tasks were compared before and during rtms stimulation we applied hz rtms over the left posterior stg or mtg or sham stimulation for min in a random order stimulation of the left posterior mtg significantly slowed the response time for the lexicalsemantic decision task from ± to ± ms however stimulation over the left posterior stg or mtg did not affect the response time or the error rate for the AEP TR task our results suggest that the left posterior mtg might be involved in lexical decision making neuronavigationguided rtms virtual lesion studies could help determine the PET roles of specific BB Az in language processing and our findings provide new evidence supporting the use of neuromodulation through rtms for patients with aphasia
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as protein is considered to increase thermogenesis and satiety more than other macronutrients it may have beneficial effects on prevention of weight gain and weight maintenance
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we report an actively stabilized interferometerbased setup for the PCD of vibrational circular dichroism vcd and optical rotatory dispersion vord with femtosecond laser pulses our RPA combines and improves elements of several previous measurement strategies including signal amplification in a crossed polarizer configuration precise control and modulation of polarization phase stability tight focusing broadband PCD and spectral interferometry their importance for static and transient measurements is motivated by a signal analysis based on jones matrices and response theory only depending on the pumpbeam polarization the setup can selectively detect transient vcd and vord or transient linear birefringence lb and LD ld which usually constitute the dominant artifacts in the chiral measurements for illustration we present transient lb and ld data of an achiral rhenium carbonyl complex detected simultaneously by spectral interferometry and we analyze residual background signals in the exp configuration for transient chiral spectroscopy
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cq cr cs c c and c ia were determined by electroimmunoassay in sera from patients with chronic urticaria or angioedema abnormal cq and cs levels were found in about of the patients in seven sera cr was not measurable due to the appearance of diffuse precipitates the C2 of c andor c were decreased in five sera with aberrations of c subcomponents in the electroimmunoassay none of the patients showed reduced c ia C2 in the electroimmunoassay the presence in sera of abnormal c subcomponent complexes was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis sera from of the patients contained crcs complexes increased amounts of alpha complexes crcsc ia were found in of the patients a major part of the cq in sera yielding abnormal cr precipitates had the same electrophoretic mobility as isolated cq and was not associated with the cqrs complex c activity in hemolytic tests was low in these sera as well as in sera with decreased cq levels in the esterolytic CA for c ia low values were found in patients repeated sampling and family studial of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction patients received an intravenous infusion of iu of streptokinase over hours while patients served as controls neither group received anticoagulants unless indicated by TE complications no significant difference in mortality was evident during inpatient treatment nor at sixweek or sixmonth followup the inpatient death rate was in the streptokinase group and among controls there was no significant difference in the peak levels or DP of enzyme increase the incidence of cardiac failure and reinfarction was similar in the two groups but L1 arrhythmias were less common in those on streptokinase p less than in the streptokinase group there were minor and six more serious haemorrhagic complications gastrointestinal haemorrhage may have contributed to the death of one patient in each group there were thromboembolic complications in the streptokinase group and among the controls pathological examination of the NF of patients who had taken streptokinase and controls showed no striking differences between the groups but haemorrhagic infarcts were found in three patients who had received streptokinase an infusion of streptokinase within hours of the ON of acute myocardial infarction does not significantly affect the mortality or course of the illness up to six months
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patients with lynch syndrome are at high risk for developing a variety of cancers including cancers of the colon or rectum small bowel stomach uterus renal pelvis ureter biliary tract ovaries BB and pancreas n engl j med gut nccn inc guideline ft washington pa online version lack of mlh and msh expression commonly result from germline mutations in this inherited CA syndrome here we report the case of a patient with a molecularly coredation igp is widely investigated little is known about the influence of diet on the occurrence and outcome of igp in the present T0 the effect of the diet experienced during larval OD on igp between the ladybird harmonia axyridis and the syrphid episyrphus balteatus is investigated four diets were tested for h axyridis eggs of the mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella pea aphids acyrthosiphon pisum in an ad libitum amount pea aphids in a limited amount and honey bee pollen for e balteatus only the two aphid diets were tested first experiments were performed to determine the quality of the various diets for OD of both predators second igp experiments between h axyridis and e balteatus were performed both in petri dishes and on potted pepper plants the diet of both species influenced the incidence of igp between h axyridis and e balteatus both in petri dishes and on potted plants in GA smaller larvae of h axyridis those fed on poor or restricted diet fed more on hoverflies than large wellnourished ladybird larvae further poorly nourished smaller larvae of e balteatus were more susceptible to predation than wellfed larger hoverfly larvae the observed effects were not only due to the lower fitness of larvae of both predators reared on an VPI SQ diet but also to changes in predator behaviour the results from this study show that igp interactions are influenced by a multitude of AF including feeding history of the organisms involved and emphasize the importance of taking these AF into account in order to fully understand the ecological relevance of igp
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in the BB serotonin production is controlled by tryptophan hydroxylase tph a genotype previous studies found that mutations on the tph locus in humans were associated with depression and studies of mice and studies of rhesus macaques have shown that the tph locus was involved with aggressive behavior we previously reported a PET single nucleotide polymorphism snp in the form of an CAA substitution qr in the chimpanzee tph gene coding region in the present study we tested whether this snp was associated with neuroticism in captive and wildborn chimpanzees living in japan and guinea respectively even T3 correcting for multiple tests bonferroni p qr was significantly related to higher neuroticism β p this study is the first to identify a TT linked to a personality trait in chimpanzees in light of the prior studies on humans mice and Rh macaques these findings suggest that the relationship between neuroticism and tph has deep phylogenetic roots
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the objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and surgical outcomes of consecutive cases of Tx in patients at a community hospital from october to midnovember preoperative laryngoscopy was performed in of patients and postoperative laryngoscopy in patients TN had been found incidentally in of cases the two most common indications for surgery were results of fineneedle aspiration biopsy fna in and size of the thyroid in of cases of the patients had benign diagnoses had microcarcinomas and had WDTC overall patients had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis but this occurred in only patient in the group with smaller lesions a statistically significant difference p none had permanent paralysis of patients at risk for hypocalcemia and had temporary and LT hypocalcemia respectively there was no incidence of significant hemorrhage fna results were very accurate we show that Tx can be performed with minimal laryngeal nerve paralysis or other complications larger lesions had significantly higher rates of temporary laryngeal nerve paralysis
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exercise training programs improve microcirculatory alternations in patients with chronic HF chf however less is known about the acute effect of maximum exercise on the skeletal muscle microcirculation we aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise on peripheral MC of patients with chf as assessed by nearinfrared spectroscopy with vascular occlusion technique
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tolerance to replicationblocking dna lesions is achieved by means of ubiquitylation of pcna the processivity clamp for replicative dna polymerases by components of the rad pathway in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae the ubiquitin ligase e responsible for polyubiquitylation of the clamp is the ring finger protein radp interestingly the ring finger responsible for the proteins e activity is embedded in a conserved dnadependent atpase domain common to helicases and chromatin remodeling factors of the swisnf family here we demonstrate that the radp atpase domain provides the basis for a CF of the protein in dna doublestrand break repair via a rad and kuindependent pathway mediated by the mreradxrs protein complex this activity is distinct and separable from the contribution of the ring domain to ubiquitin conjugation to pcna moreover we show that the rad protein physically associates with the ssDNA dna regions at a processed doublestrand break in vivo our observations suggest that radp is a multifunctional protein thatby means of independent enzymatic activities inherent in its ring and atpase domainsplays a modulating role in the coordination of repair events and replication fork progression in response to various different types of dna lesions
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acute symptoms of dizziness andor imbalance commonly experienced in athletes postconcussion are speculated to arise from dysfunction at multiple C2 ie inner ear or central vestibular system to appropriately integrate afferent sensory information disruption along any pathway of the balance system can result in PS of dizziness decreased postural control function VSR and reduced vestibuloocular reflex CF this may also lead to decreased gaze stability with movements of the head and may account for PS of blurred vision or diplopia reported in almost half of athletes sustaining a concussion current concussion position statements include measures of postural control to examine changes to the balance system postconcussion the balance error scoring system bess is a commonly used lowcost postural control measure for concussion assessment although this is a widely used measure for documenting balance function on both immediate sideline and recovery monitoring the bess has been shown to be affected by PCS exertion therefore the bess may not be the most efficient means of examining functional changes to the balance system immediately after head injury dynamic visual acuity test dvat has been found to effectively evaluate and monitor changes to the gaze stability system postinjury thus dvat may be an additional measure in the concussion assessment battery as well as an alternative for more immediate sideline assessment to help make objective returntoplay decisions
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atp is an efficacious secretagogue for mucin and chloride in the epithelial cell L1 htcle mucin PR has been measured as hglucosaminelabeled product in extracellular medium and as singlecell membrane capacitance increases indicative of exocytosisrelated increases in membrane area the calciumactivated chloride channel blocker niflumic acid also reported to modulate secretion was used to probe for divergence in the P2 signaling of mucin exocytosis and channel activation with the use of whole cell patch clamping atp stimulated a transient capacitance increase of inclusion of NFA significantly reduced the atpstimulated capacitance NC to although normalized peak currents were not statistically significant both p and trka immunoreactivity were confined to the cytoplasm we suggest that the p receptor may be involved in the ngfinduced outgrowth of slender projections from the nerve cell body surface with regard to the trka receptor satellite cells might be supported trophically by ngf released from the neuron with which they are associated alternatively satellite cells might internalize ngf to constitute a reservoir for later release to the neuron
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the issue of whether profile and stereological counting methods are interchangeably accurate when assessing immediate early mRNA still needs to be resolved to compare these two counting techniques we quantified the expression of cfos in the nucleus accumbens core and shell and in the lateral SP as a control structure of rats treated with neuroleptics with the profile counting method which relies on selective placement of a counting grid within a structure we evaluated the density of cfos labeled cells within a box of fixed dimension with stereology which applies random and systematic sampling methods we used the optical fractionator method and counted the absolute number of cfos labeled cells within the contours of each structure examined our results showed that the substantial increase in cfos expression in the shell and core induced by haloperidol treatment was detected by both stereological and profile counting methods in contrast the weaker effect of CLZ on cfos expression was detected differentially by the two methods whereas the profile counting method reported a reduction of cfos in the core by clozapine and an increase in cfos in the lateral septum these effects were not replicated using stereology these findings suggest that stereological and profile counting methods do not always produce equivalent results this may be particularly relevant when a measured effect is relatively small and it is not distributed homogeneously within a structure in this respect the random and systematic sampling methods of stereology may yield more accurate and unbiased results than the profile counting method and therefore may be preferred for a more accurate and thorough investigation of a treatment effect on immediate early gene expression in a TPS brain region
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Pr rats on the eighth day of gestation gd received intraperitoneal i.v. mlg body weight spaced by an interval of hours of either or vv alcohol solution brains of pups sacrificed hours T3 delivery revealed a doserelated impairment in hemispheric and cerebellar length width and weight statistically significant differences were also observed in body weights of culled pups during postpartum day an open field test performed when offspring were days old demonstrated a dosedependent increase in ambulation and rearing scores for both males and females and in defecation scores for females only although behavioral studies revealed no effects on acquisition or retention of an AS avoidance response there was a dosedependent impairment in transfer to PA conditioning the present results demonstrate that in the rat an alcohol insult during gd is sufficient to induce morphological and behavioral alterations in the offspring
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increased plasma and blood viscosity are usually associated with pathological conditions however there are several situations in which the elevation of both parameters results in increased perfusion and the lowering of IP V1 resistance in extreme HD BV is too low and insufficient to maintain functional capillary density a problem that in experimental studies is shown to be corrected by increasing PV up to cp this effect is mediated by nitric oxide no production via restoration of shear stress at the endothelium as shown by microelectrode perivascular measurements of no concentration moderate elevations of BV by increasing hematocrit approximately of baseline result in reductions of blood pressure by mmhg of baseline this effect is also no mediated since it is absent after nnitrolarginine methyl ester lname treatment and in endothelial no synthase deficient mice these results show that the rheological properties of plasma affect VD in the MC leading to counterintuitive responses to the increase in viscosity
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at a temperature of degrees c spontaneous antidromic activity has been demonstrated in lumbar and thoracic dorsal roots of an isolated spinal cord preparation taken from the golden hamster a characteristic DP of bursts of action potentials has been identified which develops within h following dissection and persists for more than h simultaneous recordings made from pairs of dorsal roots have revealed correlations between the patterns of spontaneous activity in dorsal roots separated by up to sixteen segments longitudinally and across the cord the strongest correlations were found between pairs of adjacent roots on the same side of the cord which produced a CC histogram having a single peak with a mode close to ms as the separation between the roots was increased the crosscorrelation histogram became bimodal with peaks equidistant on either side of ms activity recorded in ipsilateral and CL pairs of roots supplying the same spinal segment also produced bimodal crosscorrelation histograms transverse sectioning of the cord did not abolish SA in any of the spinal roots examined although there was a progressive reduction in the frequency of the bursts of SA with shorter lengths of cord these results suggest that each spinal segment is capable of generating spontaneous activity and that there is a system by which adjacent segments are linked allowing the activity to spread up and down the cord from the point of origin the networks associated with the spread of dorsal root activity and primary afferent depolarization pad in the spinal cord are discussed
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tannerella forsythia porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola are identified as the red complex which exists in high proportions in periodontally diseased patients the aim of this study was to assess the microbiological risk for periodontitis of abutment teeth in subjects wearing removable partial dentures rpds by measuring the red complex using banazymetm test thirtyeight subjects mean age years with kennedy class ii partially edentulous arch participated in this T0 the red complex and clinical parameters such as PI index gingival index probing depth and tooth mobility were recorded at abutment teeth in contact with the direct retainer of unilaterally designed rpds and the corresponding nonabutment teeth on the opposite side mean scores for the red complex plaque index gingival index and TM of the abutment teeth were significantly greater than those of the nonabutment teeth p no significant mean difference in pocket depth was found between the abutment and nonabutment teeth logistic SRA revealed that abutment teeth high scores of PI index and a maintenance interval longer than months were significant predictors for positive red complex scores p these results suggest that the microbiological risk for periodontitis of abutment teeth is greater than that for nonabutment teeth in rpd wearers
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the most common complication in CA patients is catheterrelated bloodstream infection crbsi of which staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen although s aureus crbsi patients are recommended for prolonged intravenous therapy this is often not feasible we assessed the effectiveness of switching from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy in cancer patients with crbsi due to methicillinsensitive s aureus mssa we conducted a retrospective observational T0 of patients at one tertiarycare cancer center between april and march patients who received effective intravenous iv antibiotics for at least days iv group were compared to the iv group of patients who had switched to ERP oral po antibiotics T3 iv treatment for at least days iv po group the primary endpoint was allcause mortality within days univariate and propensity scoreadjusted multivariate LR analyses using variables likely to influence the outcomes were performed of the patients and were in the iv and iv po groups respectively the median antibiotic treatment durations in the iv and iv po CG were and days respectively p the day mortalid tumorigenesis bmb reports
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bradykininhydrolyzing enzyme was purified fold from a soluble fraction of cornified cells from dayold rat epidermis the enzyme has an mr of as identified by sds polyacrylamide gel PACE and hplc gel filtration the isoelectric point of the enzyme is the enzyme hydrolyzed pheser of BK and seven bradykininrelated peptides and tyrser of tyrbradykinin production of bradykinin fragments argproproglyphe and serprophearg proceeded in a stoichiometric fashion km and vmax values for BK were microm and mumolmin per mg respectively the enzyme did not hydrolyze azocasein denatured hemoglobin or synthetic substrates for other epidermal proteinases the CEA was enhanced by reducing agents and inhibited by sulfhydrylblocking agents and divalent cations diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride had no effects the enzyme has a ph optimum of and is stable at degrees c for month but loses activity completely at degrees c for min the epidermal endopeptidase differs in several properties from endooligopeptidase a purified from BB which hydrolyzes pheser of BK
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a case of idiopathic chronic relapsing one arising in childhood is presented and compared with the previously reported cases this entity is a rare cause of severe recurrent abdominal pain in childhood the diagnosis is suggested by elevated serum or urine amylase values or pancreatic calcifications ultrasound computerized tomography or as in this case ERCP can aid in the diagnosis surgery yields excellent results
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three criteria for diagnosing TPS language impairment sli are defined in the literature exclusionary definitions inclusionary definitions and qualitative markers however the assessment and diagnosis of this complex impairment in clinical practice can be challenging the aims of this research were twofold to make explicit the current assessment procedures which speech and language therapists slts use when they diagnose children with sli in ireland and to explore slts perceptions and experiences of the process of diagnosing children with sli both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study a survey of slts in ireland was carried out to address aim one and a focus group was conducted to address the second aim the findings were that slts use exclusionary and inclusionary definitions of sli and qualitative markers when assessing children who they suspect may have sli slts in ireland consider a diagnosis of sli when children present with a verbalperformance discrepancy a positive family history word finding difficulties and lack of progress in therapy the results of the qualitative strand indicated that assessment and diagnosis of children with sli is a complex timeconsuming process involving other professionals what emerged was a complex picture with tensions between therapists professional judgements policy EBP and resources
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this investigation reports on two experiments a the examination of the effects of ic injected serotonin on CBF blood flow and systemic pressure in cats during winter and summer at a latitude of and b the effects of similarly injected serotonin on the same parameters in cats T3 SE to days of DD during the summer months serotonin mg i.c. produced significant decreases in CBF blood flow and systemic pressure that lasted from to min T3 i.t. blood flow decreases expressed as percentage NC from baseline seen during winter n periods were significantly greater analysis of variance anova p from decreases seen during summer n periods following serotonin i.t. SVR pressure decreases between the winter and summer cats were not significantly different eleven summer cats were subjected to days of continuous darkness before being injected with serotonin blood flow decreases in the darkexposed cats were significantly p greater than those seen in normal lightexposed cats whereas SVR pressure changes were not different these studies suggest that the seasonal LD may affect the sensitivity of cerebral vessels to intracisternally injected serotonin in cats
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aknh is a small polyketide cyclase that catalyses the closure of the fourth carbon ring in aclacinomycin biosynthesis in streptomyces galilaeus converting aklanonic acid methyl ester to aklaviketone the crystal structure analysis of this enzyme in complex with ATP and product analogue showed that it is closely related in fold and mechanism to the polyketide cyclase snoal that catalyses the corresponding reaction in the biosynthesis of nogalamycin similarity is also apparent at a PET level as aknh can convert nogalonic acid methyl ester the natural ATP of snoal to auraviketone in vitro and in constructs in vivo despite the conserved structural and mechanistic features between these enzymes the reaction products of aknh and snoal are stereochemically distinct supplied with the same substrate aknh yields a cr product like most members of this family of polyketide cyclases whereas the product of snoal has the opposite cs stereochemistry a comparison of highresolution crystal structures of the two enzymes combined with in vitro mutagenesis studies revealed two critical amino acid substitutions in the AS sites which contribute to product stereoselectivity in aknh replacement of residues tyr and asn of aknh located in the vicinity of the main catalytic residue asp by their snoal counterparts phenylalanine and leucine respectively results in a complete loss of product stereoselectivity
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the tau and safety of the ELT for eradication of early cancer in the stomach was revaluated in fourtyeight patients in of the patients treated with the laser therapy alone the procedure was effective and the CR eradication was confirmed at the end of the followup period in seven of fourteen patients with the incomplete treatment residual CA cells were successfully removed by repeated laser therapy the endoscopic mucosal resection was effective in of the patients with the early gastric cancer interestingly six of the eleven cases with incomplete treatment with the endoscopic mucosal resection underwent the laser therapy and the CR eradication was achieved in all patients although the endoscopic mucosal resection is now the main method for the endoscopic treatment of the early gastric CA these data favor offering the endoscopic laser therapy as the combined method with the mucosal resection therapy
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we report the isolation of the mu ortholog of aim a human gene whose expression is associated with the reversal of tumorigenicity in an exp MM of melanoma mouse and human aim are more than identical in CAA sequence in the betagammacrystallin repeats and the CT domain and more than identical in the extended NT domain consistent with the isolated cdna representing the authentic aim ortholog linkage analysis localized mouse aim to proximal mouse chromosome chr in a conserved linkage group with genes localized to human chr band q searches of est databases identified a second aimlike gene in both mouse and human suggesting the existence of a gene family northern analysis demonstrates aim is expressed most abundantly in adult skin lung HR liver and kidney and is temporally regulated during embryogenesis aim is expressed highly in the shaft region of the hair follicles and the presumptive ectoderm but not at detectable levels in MC or melanocyte F0 cells
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MEDAL
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