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MOM mom a new macrolide antibiotic was tested for mutagenicity in the ames salmonella test and the dominant lethal assay mom was not mutagenic against s typhimurium strains ta ta and ta both with and without activation by s mix no increases in the frequencies of induced DL effects were found in mom treated mice mom did not have mutagenic activities on either system
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to assess the significance of stimulation studies suggesting an AVCN third ventricle avv dipsogenic site of action for hyperosmotic and angiotensin thirst stimuli electrolytic lesions of PV tissue surrounding avv were produced under ether anesthesia in rats preselected for responsiveness to subcutaneous angiotensin and hypertonic nacl thirst challenges lesions limited to preopticanterior hypothalamic PV substrates resulted in adipsia those rats resuming AL drinking after a period of adipsia exhibited persistent drinking deficits to angiotensin and hypertonic nacl thirst challenges reduced drinking T3 water ED and increased plasma osmolality and sodium drinking to polyethylene glycolinduced hypovolemia and FF T3 FD did not differ between lesioned and shamlesioned animals the disturbances in behavioral control of fluid balance imply that avv PV tissue normally plays a key role in mediating RII drinking it is proposed that these avv periventricular lesioninduced effects on drinking behavior are due to destruction of receptors andor integrative systems monitoring fluidborne angiotensin and hyperosmotic stimuli
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by assuming that orientation information of BB white matter fibers can be inferred from diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging dwmri measurements tractography algorithms provide an estimation of the brain connectivity in vivo the two key ingredients of tractography are the DWI MM tensor highorder tensor qball etc and the means to deal with uncertainty during the tracking process deterministic vs probabilistic mathematical FR in this paper we investigate the use of an analytical qball MM for the DWI data within a wellformalized particle filtering framework the proposed method is validated and compared to other tracking algorithms on the miccai contest fiber cup phantom tractographies of in vivo AD and fetal brain diffusionweighted images dwis are also shown to illustrate the robustness of the algorithm
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we have detected and cloned two rearrangements in the tcell receptor alpha locus from a clone of somatic cell hybrids carrying a tqq chromosomal translocation derived from an ataxia telangiectasia patient with tcell CLL one the tcell clone carrying the t chromosomal translocation was known to be present for greater than years before the ON of overt leukemia one molecular rearrangement of the tcell receptor alpha locus corresponded to a functional variablejoining region vj joining whereas the other derived from the breakpoint of the tqq translocation chromosomal in situ hybridization of the probe derived from the t breakpoint localized the breakpoint region to q apparently the same region that is involved in another ataxia telangiectasia characteristic chromosome translocation tqq the q breakpoint is at least kilobase pairs kbp centromeric to the IgH chain locus sequence analysis of the breakpoint indicates the involvement of a j alpha CS during the translocation comigration of highmolecular weight dna fragments involved with t and t translocations suggests the presence of a cluster of breakpoints in the q region the site of a putative oncogene tcl
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an improved method for isolation of ammoniaoxidizing bacteria aob by the extinction dilution technique is described it is important to prevent the growth of heterotrophic organisms which may easily outnumber the aob in mixed cultures this was achieved by careful beta of c sources in the medium and by sealing the cultures from contact with the atmosphere thus excluding airborne volatile compounds which support growth of heterotrophs the sealing of the cultures reduced the number of heterotrophs by a factor of thus grossly increasing the chances of obtaining pure aob cultures another important factor is to use actively growing late log cultures during the final isolation step this was achieved by adjusting the beta to ensure a clearly visible ph indicator shift at a stage when onethird to onehalf of the ammonia had been oxidized by this improved isolation procedure aob were isolated from three different locations an arable soil a leadcontaminated soil and an animal house for an unknown reason several attempts to isolate pure cultures from a forest soil were unsuccessful despite the presence of aob in the primary extinction dilution cultures the isolates from soils were all nitrosospira spp for isolation of aob from the animal house two growth media were used one containing AS and one containing urea from the cultures with ammonium sulfate nitrosomonas spp were isolated whereas nitrosospira spp were isolated from the cultures with urea as the main ammonia source the identifications of all isolates are based on morphology and s rdna sequences
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an approximately Css of bacterial density intraperitoneally has been observed in bacterial peritonitis this state which follows an initial h phase of rapid elimination of bacteria was now studied in a model of porcine peritonitis twelve pigs were intraabdominally INF with cfu each of escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis six of the pigs received no antibiotic and six were given two doses of fosfomycin antiaerobic g iv with the aim of disturbing possible equilibrium between rapid proliferation and destruction of the sensitive e coli C2 of fosfomycin up to times the minimum GABA concentration mgl were detected in the peritoneal exudate but the antibiotic had no discernible effect on e coli density or elimination DP compared with b fragilis in the same pig or with observations in controls the results favoured the concept of slowreplicating e coli and hence declining activity of the defence mechanisms a few hours after the induction of peritonitis
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we report our experience with a lowvolume ml singleshot crystalloid cardioplegia cardioplexol in consecutive patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement avr cardioplexol resulted in immediate cardiac arrest intraoperative courses were uneventful postoperative markers of myocardial damage troponin t and ckmb levels were low but steadily increased with longer crossclamp time thirtyday mortality was and all noncardiac cardioplexol not only simplifies and speeds up the procedure but also seems to be safe for patients undergoing avr
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a fungus capable of degrading dlphenylalanine was isolated from the soil and identified as aspergillus niger it was found to metabolize dlphenylalanine by a new pathway involving hydroxymandelic acid damino acid oxidase and lphenylalanine oxoglutaric acid aminotransferase initiated the degradation of d and lphenylalanine respectively both phenylpyruvate oxidase and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activities could be demonstrated in the cellfree system PA hydroxylase which required reduced nicotinamide adenine CpG phosphate converted phenylacetic acid to and hydroxyphenylacetic acid although hydroxyphenylacetate was converted to hydroxymandelate hydroxyphenylacetate was not utilized until the onset of sporulation during sporulation it was converted rapidly into homogentisate and Ox to ringcleaved products hydroxymandelate was degraded to protocatechuate via hydroxybenzoylformate hydroxybenzaldehyde and hydroxybenzoate
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when a patient needs EF there are two methods to administer the nutrition the method most used is the nasogastric tube ngt although in the literature little is published about the advantages and complications of the ngt the second method is PEG peg a prospective randomized trial was started and so far patients have entered the T0 ngt and peg in four patients it was not possible to insert the ngt and in three patients it was impossible to place the peg in both groups aspiration was found nasal decubitus and swallowing problems were seen in and respectively in the ngt group intraperitoneal one and abdominal pain were found in and respectively in the peg group fixation of the patients was needed in of the peg and in the ngt group in eight patients in the ngt group the feeding had to be stopped owing to problems in none of the peg group was this necessary the nursing staff awarded marks to each patient on a scale of for the convenience of care very good very bad this resulted in a mean score of in the ngt and in the peg group the score given by the patients was in the ngt and in the peg group there seems to be a clear preference for the peg as a method for enteral nutrition
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growth curves for children with laron syndrome were constructed on the basis of repeated measurements made throughout infancy childhood and puberty in boys girls of the patients with this syndrome investigated in our clinic growth retardation was already noted at birth the birth length ranging from to cm in the available measurements the postnatal growth curves deviated sharply from the normal from infancy on both sexes showed no clear PS girls completed their growth between the age of years to a final mean sd height of cm whereas the boys continued growing beyond the age of years achieving a FH of cm at all ages the upper to lower body segment ratio was more than sd above the normal mean these growth curves constitute a model not only for primary hereditary insulinlike growth factori igfi deficiency laron syndrome but also for untreated secondary igfi deficiencies such as growth hormone gene deletion and idiopathic congenital IGHD they should also be useful in the follow up of children with laron syndrome treated with biosynthetic recombinant igfi
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma idc is a rare histologic subtype of prostate cancer we investigated the clinicopathological features and prognosis of idc compared with acinar cell carcinoma acc we identified men diagnosed with prostate cancer between to and in the surveillance epidemiology and end results DB including idc and acc cases prostate CSS pcss was compared using univariate and multivariate cox PH models generally idc occurred in older men ⥠years old and presented with larger sizes and higher grades AJC on CA ajcc stages ajcc t stages lymph node positive rates and metastasis rates men with idc were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy but more likely to be treated with adjuvant es expression and promoting apoptosisinducing factors aif as well as endonuclease g endo g nuclear transfer respectively moreover in vivo T0 showed that prostate tumor was inhibited by chi administration through apoptosis induction thus the results illustrated that chi might be an effective therapeutic strategy for prostate CA treatment in future
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thirty consecutive isoelectric point pidiscrete igg fractions were isolated from multiple sclerosis ms CSF fluid csf and used to immune precipitate measles virus mv polypeptides most basic fractions were EC in activity against nucleocapsid protein np and to a lesser extent against hemagglutinin h protein intermediate fractions were EC in activity against h and fusion f proteins and more anodic pi fractions were almost exclusively EC in activity against the C1 l protein of mv in ms there are marked differences between csf and autologous serum in regard to antibody activity to mv in contrast there were similar profiles of antibody response to mv proteins in sspe csf and SS
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the changes in absorbance produced when liposomes are subject to increasing osmotic pressures were correlated with the distance at which the undulation hydration and steric repulsions dominate it is found that at low pressures when the bilayers are apart by more than nm the absorbance decreases with the decrease in the bilayer distance however at higher pressures where the bilayer are in contact within nm the absorbance increases with the increase inive enzyme present in the kda complex transgenic expression of sialidase in cultured skin fibroblasts from NCs and from galactosialidosis patients followed by immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopy showed that in both normal and affected cells the expressed sialidase was localized on lysosomal and plasma membranes but the amount of sialidase found in GS cells was approximately fold reduced metabolic labelling studies demonstrated that the kda mature AS form of sialidase was stable in normal fibroblasts halflife approximately h whereas in galactosialidosis fibroblasts the enzyme was rapidly converted halflife approximately min into and kda catalytically inactive forms altogether our data provide evidence that the molecular mechanism of sialidase deficiency in galactosialidosis is associated with abnormal proteolytic cleavage and fast Kd
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threemonthold male rats were subjected times weekly for h to eccentric exercise of one triceps surae muscle stimulationsmin under GA anesthesia in order to induce achilles tendon disorder corresponding to paratenonitis and tendinosis in man net muscle work during the sessions ranged between and mj mean sd T3 and sessions respectively rats started to show gait alterations during the functional test which was performed times weekly these rats were killed T3 additional sessions which showed a worsening of the limp the other TR rats and controls did not limp and were killed T3 weeks histologic evaluation of the achilles tendons from the exercised limb showed in the majority of the cases hypervascularization increased number of nerve filaments and increased immunoreactivity for substance p and CGRP-LI the tendons from the nonstimulated limb looked normal the CSD of collagen types i and ii appeared normal in the tendon and its insertion to the calcaneus inflammation of the epi and paratenon could be provoked in the rat but tendon changes corresponding to chronic tendinosis did not develop within weeks with the used training regime the clinical relevance of this model for chronic tendon disease needs to be evaluated further
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new or improved vaccines against viruses such as influenza parainfluenza types measles dengue and respiratory syn virus would prevent an enormous burden of morbidity and mortality vaccines or vaccine candidates exist against these viral diseases but all could potentially be improved if the immunogenicity of the vaccine could be enhanced we found that the immunogenicity in primates of a liveattenuated vaccine candidate for parainfluenza virus type an enveloped rna virus that is an important etiologic agent of pediatric respiratory tract disease could be enhanced by expression of GM-CSF colonystimulating factor gmcsf from an extra gene inserted into the genome of a cdnaderived virus expression of gmcsf by the live attenuated recombinant virus did not per se affect the level of pulmonary viral replication in rhesus monkeys after topical administration which was fold lower than that of wt parainfluenza virus type despite that the expressed extra gene augmented the virusspecific SS antibody response to a level that was i to fold higher than that induced by the same virus with an unrelated rna insert of equal length and ii equal to the response induced by nonattenuated wt virus in addition topical immunization with the attenuated virus expressing gmcsf induced a greater number of virusspecific ifngammasecreting t lymphocytes in the IP blood of monkeys than did immunization with the control virus bearing an unrelated rna insert these findings show that the immunogenicity of a liveattenuated vaccine virus in primates can be enhanced without increasing the level of virus replication thus it might be possible to develop liveattenuated vaccines that are as immunogenic as parental wt virus or possibly even more so
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a yearold woman who presented with a left axillary mass was admitted a computed tomography scan showed swelling ofthe left axillary and supraclavicular CL nodes but magnetic resonance imagingmriand fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographyfdgpetdid not reveal these primary CS histological findings of the axillary mass revealed a herpositive adenocarcinoma we diagnosed the patient with axillary nodal metastasis ofadenocarcinoma ofan unknown primary site and treated her with neoadjuvant chemotherapy including paclitaxel and trastuzumab followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide the lesions almost disappeared T3 courses of chemotherapy and she showed a pathologically complete responsecrafter surgery the patient has been recurrencefree since the T0 owing to treatment with adjuvant trastuzumab
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increasing evidence points to associations between L/D SE patterns FF behavior and metabolism this study aimed to determine the acute effects of hours of morning versus evening blueenriched light exposure compared to DL on hunger metabolic CF and physiological arousal nineteen healthy adults completed this day inpatient protocol under dim CS conditions lux participants were randomized to hours of blueenriched CS exposure on day starting either hours T3 wake n morning group or hours T3 wake n evening group all participants remained in dim light on day to serve as their baseline subjective hunger and sleepiness scales were collected hourly blood was sampled at minute intervals for hours in association with the CS SE period for glucose insulin cortisol leptin and ghrelin homeostatic MM assessment of insulin resistance homair and area under the curve auc for insulin gl homair and cortisol were calculated comparisons relative to baseline were done using ttests and repeated measures anovas in both the morning and evening CG insulin TA homair and homair auc were increased and subjective sleepiness was reduced with blueenriched CS compared to DL the evening group but not the morning group had significantly higher gl peak value during blueenriched light exposure compared to dim CS there were no other significant differences between the morning or the evening groups in response to blueenriched CS SE blueenriched light SE acutely alters gl metabolism and sleepiness however the mechanisms behind this relationship and its impacts on hunger and appetite regulation remain unclear these results provide further support for a role of environmental light exposure in the regulation of metabolism
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the aim of this T0 was to clarify the thinsection ct features of small IP carcinomas of the lung on the basis of pathologic findings of RT growth patterns thinsection ct and pathologic rho was evaluated in patients with surgically verified small peripheral carcinomas of the lung mm in size that had been detected in a screening trial for LC using SCT four thinsection ct types of nodules were observed a type l of a fairly welldefined nodule with groundglass attenuation corresponding to tumor lepidic growth without AM collapse b type l of a partly lobulated nodule with a low but inhomogeneous attenuation corresponding to RT lepidic growth with scattered foci of alveolar collapse c type l of an illdefined nodule with an irregularly shaped higherdensity CE zone in a groundglass attenuation peripheral zone accompanied by convergence of the bronchovascular structures from the surrounding lung parenchyma which corresponded to desmoplastic response in the central zone and to RT lepidic growth in the IP zone and d type h of a welldefined nodule with a solid homogeneous attenuation corresponding to RT hilic growth thinsection ct features of small peripheral carcinomas of the lung can be classified into four types based on the density CSD of the tumor which reflect the histologic findings
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one hundred patients with spinal muscular atrophy sma were assessed by ct scanning using a standardised technique the spectrum of ct abnormality occurring in sma was observed and by overall analysis the patients were divided into groups while the ct appearances of these groups correlated well with clinical assessment of severity of disease the disease process was usually much more widespread than clinical examination suggested ct abnormality was first observed in the leg and gluteal muscles progressing to the posterior spinal thigh shoulder girdle and sternomastoid muscles hypertrophy of sartorius and gracilis was observed in a significant number of patients fascial planes were preserved in involved muscles in over half of the patients even in latestage disease asymmetrical muscle involvement was seen with increasing frequency as the disease process increased in extent as evaluated by ct scanning there was no discernible difference in the ct appearances in those patients who clinically had limbgirdle facioscapulohumeral or scapuloperoneal distribution of weakness
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human mxa is an interferon alpha beta ifnalphabetainducible protein that inhibits multiplication of influenza viruses and other rna viruses we reported that mxa accelerates cell death induced by apoptotic stimuli as well as influenza viral infection however the mechanism of mxamediated enhancement of cell death is not well understood here we demonstrated that the cell death promotion activity of mxa was caspase dependent when cell death was induced by uv irradiation or cycloheximide chx in contrast in the case of cell death after influenza viral infection mxa promoted both caspasedependent and caspaseindependent cell death the cterminal region of mxa containing the oligomerization domain was found to be responsible for promotion of the cell death induced by chx in the case of cell death after influenza viral infection both cterminal and NT regions were shown to be involved in cell death promotion although the gtpbinding and gtphydrolysis activity dependent on a tripartite gtpbinding motif in the NT region was not required for the cell death promotion activity of mxa these results suggest that mxa accelerates cell death induced by influenza viral infection through at least two distinct pathways
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the white male wistar rats were exposed to hypokinesia during days essential oppression of the mitotic division of hepatocytes in the rats CL at the hypokinesia was revealed the cellular division was exposed to the daily oscillations the quantity of mitoses prevailed in the day and evening in these conditions the quantity of binucleate cells increased as compared with the control the deficit of mitoses stipulates the delay of postnatal weight of liver at the HK binucleate HCs are the analog of the polyploid cells and their large population compensates for the increased organisms need in liver function in the experiment
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a syndrome consisting of an absent or faint second HR sound prominent cardiac impulse and nonregurgitant or forward collapse of the PP is described there was moreover no second sound or flow murmur audible in either the aortic or the pulmonary area even though the impulse and collapsing PP suggested a hyperdynamic circulation the upstroke was sharp but without the full waterhammer knock it is argued that the dominant cause of the collapsing pulse will usually be vasodilation that absence or faintness of the second sound is due to a narrow angle of divergence between the ventricular and arterial pressure decay curves and that in marked contrast to AR the SQ of the impulse derives from rapid systole of lightly loaded ventricles although they described its separate elements prehomeostatic era clinicians may have overlooked the syndrome in the belief that the heart regulated a largely passive circulation regarding only primary intracardiac events and the first heart sound as important sir william stokes nevertheless foresaw that alterations in the second sound might be due to changes in V1 tone as well as in elasticity wider recognition deeper understanding and appropriate correction of this syndrome may prove both useful and enlightening
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the present investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential for the transfer of deoxycorticosterone doc and deoxycorticosterone sulfate docso from the fetal to the maternal compartment in nearterm human pregnancy to do so we measured progesterone doc and docso in MV serum and in umbilical arterial and venous sera the levels of doc and docso in maternal SS were significantly correlated to each other and to those of progesterone in maternal serum however there was no correlation between the levels of doc or docso in umbilical arterial or venous sera and those of these CS in maternal SS although there was no difference in the concentrations of doc in umbilical arterial or A-V serum there was a highly significant difference in the UA and A-V concentrations of docso we conclude that the potential exists for docso from UA plasma to enter trophoblasts where it could be hydrolyzed to doc the doc so formed could then be redistributed primarily to the maternal but also to the fetal compartment
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the intracellular and stromal expression of fibronectin fn in invading and central parts of papillary thyroid carcinomas withwithout CL node ln metastasis metastasizing cases nonmetastasizing cases were examined immunohistochemically the intracellular expression of fn in RT cells in invading parts was stronger than that in CE parts in most cases cases in invading parts negative stromal fn was frequently found at the periphery of the tumor in cases with extracapsular soft tissue invasion cases tumor cells in invading parts in metastatic cases were significantly more likely to be negative for stromal fn at the periphery of the RT than those in nonmetastatic cases p the strong intracellular and negative stromal fn at the periphery of the RT in invading parts were associated with invasion and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma these results suggest that these distinctive characteristics of fn may be useful for understanding invasion and metastasis in vivo
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what is the central question of this T0 what is the effect of chronic intermittent lowlevel transcutaneous VNS on cardiac inflammation fibrosis and DD in a rat MM of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction what is the main finding and its importance in SBH rats fed with high salt diet lowlevel transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation significantly att blood pressure elevation ameliorated diastolic CF and att left VVI inflammation and fibrosis compared to the sham group further studies to examine the efficacy of this novel treatment in humans are warranted
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in recent years the continuity equation has been established as a valuable noninvasive method for calculating aortic valve area the continuity equation cannot be used if there is calcification or subvalvular stenosis in the left ventricleoutflow tract because the area of the outflow trace is not circular in those cases the authors have tested the value of a noninvasive variant of the gorlin formula as an alternative method of identifying severe aortic stenosis they examined consecutive patients with aortic stenosis with both methods seventeen patients had severe stenosis valve area or cm calculated by the continuity equation the other patients had moderate stenosis valve area cm using the noninvasive variant of the gorlin formula the authors were able to identify of the cases with severe stenosis thus showing that the method is useful for identifying severe aortic stenosis p by chi test
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introduction breast cancer represents about onethird of all cancer diagnoses and accounts for about of cancer deaths in women many of these patients experience depression anxiety sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction this may adversely affect SQ of life and also contribute to morbidity and mortality melatonin is a regulatory circadian hormone having among others a hypnotic and an antidepressive effect it has very low toxicity and very few adverse effects compared with the more commonly used antidepressants and hypnotics methods and analysis the objective of this doubleblind randomised placebocontrolled trial is to investigate whether treatment with oral melatonin has a prophylactic or ameliorating effect on depressive symptoms anxiety sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction in women with breast cancer furthermore the authors will examine whether a TPS clockgene per is correlated with an increased risk of DS sleep disturbances or cognitive dysfunction the melody trial is a prospective doubleblinded randomised placebocontrolled trial in which the authors intend to include patients the primary outcome is depressive PS measured by the major depression inventory the AA outcomes are anxiety measured by a visual analogue scale TST sleep efficiency sleep RL and periods awake measured by actigraphy and changes in cognitive CF measured by a NP test battery tertiary outcomes are fatigue pain wellbeing and sleep qualityquantity measured by visual analogue scale and sleep diary and sleepiness measured by the karolinska sleepiness scale the per genotype is also to be determined in blood samples
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hepatopulmonary syndrome hps is a serious complication of endstage liver disease which is characterized by hypoxia intrapulmonary V1 dilatation and liver cirrhosis CL transplantation lt is the only curative treatment modality for patients with hps however morbidity and mortality T3 lt especially in cases of severe hps remain high this case report describes a patient with typical findings of an extracardiac pulmonary AVS on contrastenhanced transesophageal echocardiography tee and clubbing fingers who had complete correction of hps by deceased donor lt the patient was a yearold female who was born with biliary atresia and underwent PE on the th day T3 birth she had been suffered from progressive liver failure with dyspnea clubbing fingers and cyanosis preoperative ABG analysis revealed severe hypoxia arterial o tension of mmhg and o saturation of contrastenhanced tee revealed an extracardiac R-L shunt which suggested an intrapulmonary AVS the patient recovered successfully after lt not only with respect to PCS parameters but also for pychosocial activity including school performance during the month followup period
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we examined the additive effect of the ramsay scale canadian neurological scale cns nursing delirium screening scale nudesc and BIS index bis to see whether along with the assessment of pupils and GCS gcs it improved early PCD of postoperative NC
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in the tropics there is substantial temporal and spatial overlap of diseases propagated by anthropophilic mosquito vectors such as malaria and dengue and human helminth diseases such as onchocerciasis and LF that are treated though mass drug administrations mda this overlap will result in mosquito vectors imbibing significant quantities of these drugs when they blood feed on humans since many anthelmintic drugs have broad antiinvertebrate effects the possibility of combined helminth control and mosquitoborne disease control through mda is apparent it has been previously shown that ivermectin can reduce mosquito survivorship when po in a blood meal but more detailed examinations are needed if mda is to ever be developed into a tool for malaria or dengue control we examined concentrations of drugs that follow human pharmacokinetics T3 mda and that matched with mosquito FF times for effects against the anthropophilic mosquito vectors anopheles gambiae ss and aedes aegypti ivermectin was the only humanapproved mda drug we tested that affected mosquito survivorship and only an gambiae ss were affected at concentrations respecting human pharmacokinetics at indicated doses ivermectin also delayed an gambiae ss refeeding frequency and defecation rates and two successive ivermectinspiked blood meals following human pharmacokinetic concentrations compounded mortality effects compared to controls these findings suggest that ivermectin mda in africa may be used to decrease malaria transmission if mdas were administered more frequently such a strategy would broaden the current scope of polyparasitism control already afforded by mdas and which is needed in many african villages simultaneously burdened by many parasitic diseases
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the study was designed to investigate the feasibility of developing a transdermal drug dosage form of promethazine hydrochloride pmh the in vitro PR and diffusion characteristics of pmh from various dermatological polymeric bases were studied using cellulose membrane and HMS as the diffusion barriers these included polyethylene glycol peg hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hpmc crosslinked MCC and carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium avicel cl and a modified hydrophilic ointment usp in addition the effects of several additive ingredients known to enhance the drug PR from topical formulations were evaluated the general rank order for the drug PR from these formulations using cellulose membrane was observed to be peg hmpc avicel cl hydrophilic ointment base the inclusion of the additives had little or no effect on the drug DWI from these bases except for the hydrophilic ointment formulation containing ethanol which provided a significant increase in the drug PR however when these formulations were studied for drug diffusion through the hairless mouse skin the avicel cl base containing ethanol exhibited the optimum drug release the data also revealed that this formulation gave the highest steadystate flux DWI and permeability coefficient values and correlated well with the amount of drug PR
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the effects of furosemide mgkg iv on the plasma and urinary FE pfe ufe concentrations were studied during steadystate conditions the pfe during the steadystate period was ngml with no significant changes occurring even though the rate of excretion of FE ex increased during the st hour from to ngminute the ex returned to control C2 within hours as did the ufe the injection of furosemide increased glomerular filtration rate from to mlkgmin the fractional reabsorption decreased from a control of to during the st hour returning to control C2 at hours T3 furosemide was given the total body clearance of FE increased slightly during the peak period of diuresis the return of ex fractional reabsorption ufe and clearance of endogenous creatinine to control levels occurred before the return of urine SG indicating the ability of the kidney to concentrate fentanyl before its water concentrating capacity had returned
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in a collaborative study with the pneumoconiosis medical panel asbestos workers were seen between and during this time of the workers dies from NMRD probably related to asbestos SE pleural mesothelioma three peritoneal mesothelioma asbestosis carcinoma of the lung of the survirors were recalled for other studies and followup data were obtained as additional information at the same time over a year period paired radiographs were read and patients had worsened as expected the frequency of progression increased with a longer followup time so that about one third of the subjects displayed progression T3 a minimum followup of years ten of patients had progressed in years or less and may be defined as rapid progressors no particular clinical feature distinguished clearly between progressors and nonprogressors but there was a trend toward a greater frequency and higher titer of ana among the progressors in this group there was also a higher frequency of progression in those who were initially classified radiographically as of than in those with other initial radiographic appearances this pilot study is now forming the basis for a larger longerterm comprehensive survey
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retinal afferents to the dorsal raphe nucleus drn have been described in a number of species including mongolian gerbils but functional correlates of this optic pathway are unknown at present to determine whether temporally modulated photostimulation can affect cfos expression in the gerbil drn quantitative analysis of cfosimmunoreactive cfosir SN was conducted following min exposure to pulsed hz PS at selected times over the h L/D cycle for comparison cfos expression was also analyzed in the subnuclei of the lateral geniculate complex and in the suprachiasmatic nucleus scn in the drn a substantial reduction was observed in the number of cfos immunoreactive cfosir SN during the CS period and early dark period in photostimulated vs control animals similar results were obtained in the intergeniculate leaflet igl and VP lateral geniculate vlg however no significant changes were observed in the number of cfosir neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus or suprachiasmatic nucleus scn following photostimulation except for an increase in the middle of the dark period these findings indicate that photic stimulation can lead to a suppression or downregulation of cfos expression in the drn that is probably mediated via the direct retinal pathway to the drn in this species the similarity between cfos expression profiles in the drn and iglvgl suggest that efferent projections from the drn may modulate cfos expression to visual stimulation in these subnuclei of the lateral geniculate complex
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slpi sec leukocyte protease inhibitor is a residue nonglycosylated KPI which inhibits a wide range of serine proteases trypsin chymotrypsin PMNL PE chymase and cathepsin g xray crystallographic analyses have shown that slpi comprises two separate domains of similar architecture grütter fendrich huber bode embo j and the cterminal domain interacts with bovine alphachymotrypsin in order to understand slpis multiple functions against various serine proteases the complex hne human PMNL PE has been cocrystallized with slpi recombinant cterminal domain of slpi argala which has a biological activity similar to full slpi the slpi and hne complex structure was solved at a resolution and compared with the interaction mechanism of elafin which is a specific inhibitor of elastase it was found that p leui and six hydrogen bonds between the main chains in the primary contact region have sufficient ability to inhibit hne and ppe PPE and p tyri is important in increasing the selectivity of slpi against hne the mechanisms of the functions of slpi are relatively unknown but the current study could help understand the selectivity of slpi against hne and ppe
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the purpose of this review was to provide a synopsis of the literature concerning the physiological differences between cycling and running by comparing physiological variables such as maximal oxygen consumption v omax anaerobic threshold at heart rate economy or delta efficiency measured in cycling and running in triathletes runners or cyclists this review aims to identify the effects of exercise modality on the underlying mechanisms VE responses blood flow muscle oxidative capacity peripheral innervation and neuromuscular fatigue of adaptation the majority of studies indicate that runners achieve a higher v omax on treadmill whereas cyclists can achieve a v omax value in cycle ergometry similar to that in TM running hence v omax is specific to the exercise modality in addition the muscles adapt specifically to a given exercise task over a period of time resulting in an improvement in submaximal physiological variables such as the ventilatory threshold in some cases without a change in v omax however this effect is probably larger in cycling than in running at the same time skill influencing motor unit recruitment patterns is an important influence on the anaerobic threshold in cycling furthermore it is likely that there is more physiological training transfer from running to cycling than vice versa in triathletes there is generally no difference in v omax measured in CE and TR the data concerning the anaerobic threshold in cycling and running in triathletes are conflicting this is likely to be due to a combination of actual training load and prior training PH in each discipline the mechanisms surrounding the differences in the at together with v omax in cycling and running are not largely understood but are probably due to the relative adaptation of cardiac SO influencing v omax and also the recruitment of MM in combination with the oxidative capacity of this mass influencing the at several other physiological differences between cycling and running are addressed heart rate is different between the two MICs both for maximal and submaximal intensities the DE is higher in running ventilation is more impaired in cycling than in running it has also been shown that pedalling cadence affects the metabolic responses during cycling but also during a subsequent running bout however the optimal cadence is still debated central fatigue and decrease in maximal strength are more important T3 prolonged exercise in running than in cycling
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anthropologists often criticize the discipline of bioethics because its remote abstract theories fail to capture how frontline clinicians experience and resolve moral uncertainty the critique overlooks however the ways that everyday emergent moral discourse is influencedover time and through several mediationsby formal ethical notions highorder ethical pronouncements become sedimented into the conditions of work illustrated in this article by a twoyear ethnographic study of assertive community treatment act a popular mode of outpatient psychiatric services act clinicians moral unease when they break the confidentiality of patients is connected to highorder debates dating back years about ensuring patients autonomy without abandoning them these debates originally spurred the invention of act and they get braided into todays moral discourse through several mediations RII paperwork the mandates and micropolitics of staffpatient interactions and the idealized selfimage of frontline staff this article shows how everyday moral talk is coproduced by both the immediate contexts of clinical work and the categories of formal bioethics
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the field of oncology is evolving at breakneck speed keeping up with the latest research findings clinical best practices and new chemotherapy agents is challenging even with the help of the internet these oncologic ss in response to further coculture with cp moreover cptreated h pylori cultures form biofilms and demonstrate decreased cell surface hydrophobicity in response to cp the h pylori lpx lipid a biosynthetic enzymes are not fully PET the lipid a molecules observed in h pylori cultures treated with cp indicate that the lpxf lpxl and lpxr enzyme functions are perturbed transcriptional analysis of lpxf lpxl and lpxr indicates that metal restriction by cp does not control this pathway through transcriptional regulation analyses of h pylori lpx mutants reveal that loss of lpxf and lpxl results in increased fitness similar to what is observed in the presence of cp moreover these mutants have significantly increased biofilm formation and reduced CSH taken together these results demonstrate a novel mechanism of h pylori resistance to the antimicrobial activity of cp via lipid a modification strategies and resulting biofilm formation
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minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting midcabg promises to reduce the morbidity of CABG but this has not been proved
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it appears that the survivor of bpd is at risk for neurodevelopmental compromise but not necessarily to any greater extent than are prematurely born infants in GA what appears to be true is that as the neonatal course becomes more complicated and the birth weight drops the risk increases if a bpd survivor sustains a moderate to severe ivh particularly if accompanied by PVL the risk of significant handicap increases substantially effects of SES status ses are also important and become more evident over time with a direct rho between ses and outcome maximizing the environmental conditions while in the SCN and reducing stress on the infant during the illness may help to reduce risk of a compromised developmental outcome in the survivors careful monitoring of oxygen saturation postdischarge may similarly have a positive effect on outcome although direct comparability among studies is not possible it appears that most reports suggest about half the survivors are free of any handicapping condition at followup and about half are either moderately or severely impaired cerebral palsy is the most frequently reported handicapping condition since the presence or absence of significant ivh is not consistently reported across studies it is not possible to know if infants who subsequently develop cp sustained a bleed in addition to bpd in the neonatal period in studies in which this is more carefully delineated that appears to be the case in studies in which infants with significant hemorrhage were either excluded or dropped out no survivors with cerebral palsy are reported approximately of survivors across all studies reviewed were blind as a result of severe retinopathy of prematurity several studies excluded infants who developed significant rop from their followup so this percentage may be an underestimate of the actual incidence across all bpd survivors with a greater number of gestationally younger infants surviving this is one area of handicap that may increase in the years to come not all studies report on the presence of sensorineural hearing loss in survivors but there is the suggeal caused a dramatic reduction in SS tnf and protected the animals from the lethal effects of this treatment similar results were obtained in a second MM of endotoxin shock in which mice were sensitized with propionibacterium acnes days prior to lps i.t. in this system fold higher levels of serum tnf are elicited than with the lpsdgal MM treatment with skf and mgkg po delivered min prior to lps resulted in inhibition of serum tnf protection from the lethal effects of lps was observed at these doses in the p acneslps model
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recent evidence suggests that the psychopathic personality inventory ppi is composed of two orthogonal factors one representing traits such as dominance and low anxiety ppii and a second that reflects more socially deviant aspects of psychopathy ppiii to assess whether response sets differentially affect these AF the present research reanalyzed data from two dissimulation studies in which college students completed the ppi both honestly and with instructions either to fake good n or fake unilateral and BL fittings
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the purpose of this T0 was to determine whether adaptation to single versus multijoint ST and sprint training was different and whether sequencing strength prior to sprint training was beneficial for increasing SP thirtytwo untrained males were assigned to control c sprintsprint ss multijoint mjs or singlejoint sjs strengthsprint CG subjects were tested before training T3 wk of strength or sprint training and T3 an additional wk of sprint training by midtraining both sjs and mjs increased repetition maximum strength but this was not transferable to ISO or isokinetic strength or rate of torque OD ss showed no improvement in these variables all training CG increased cycle ergometer SP output by wk and had similar fiber hypertrophy with no emg changes subsequent sprint training continued to increase maximum SP with no further hypertrophy TN conduction velocity increased in all training groups these results indicate little difference in adaptation to single and multijoint strength training strength or SP improvements caused by training in these models does not transfer to isometric or isokinetic movements further sequenced strengthspring training provided no additional SP gain over sprint training alone
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our previous T0 of the choroid plexus showed that elevation of cellular cyclic amp stimulated hco secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid csf to explore the mechanism of this stimulation we have used microelectrodes to observe the effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on membrane potentials resistances and electromotive forces emf in the bullfrog plexus the potential profile under control conditions was mv across the apical membrane vvc and mv across the epithelium vvs with respect to the csf twodimensional cable analysis indicated that of adjacent epithelial cells were electrically uncoupled and that the coupling coefficient for the remaining cells was only the results of circuit analysis gave values for membrane resistance and emf across the apical membrane of omega cm and mv across the basolateral membrane of omega cm and mv and across the paracellular shunt of omega cm the shunt emf was assumed to be negligible addition of phosphodiesterase inhibitors mmtheophylline or mmisobutylmethylxanthine ibmx depolarized vvc by mv and vvs by mv circuit analysis showed that the inhibitor reduced the apical Rm by more than and depolarized the apical emf by mv without affecting the basolateral membrane or the shunt parameters in clfree solutions ibmx depolarized vvc and decreased the apical membrane resistance similar to that observed in regular buffer solution however in hcofree buffer solutions the effects of ibmx on vvc and membrane resistances were insignificant in thirtyfive cells in sixteen tissues a linear relationship was observed between the magnitude of the spontaneous membrane potential vvc and the magnitude of ibmxinduced depolarization delta vibmxvc delta vibmxvc vvc in mv this suggests that hco is accumulated within the epithelium above EC equilibrium we conclude that cyclic amp increases hco secretion across the choroid plexus by increasing the apical membrane hco conductance
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the steroidsparing effect of ketotifen was studied in steroiddependent patients with atopic asthma with a mean age of years using a protocol of consecutive periods of months each in the first period the average daily consumption of CS was established during the second period the patients were given ketotifen mg daily which was withdrawn in the third period the mean daily steroid consumption prednisolone equivalents was mg in the first period mg in the second and mg in the third during ketotifen treatment CS could be withdrawn in patients and reduced in another without any deterioration of their clinical state or increase of consumption of symptomatic antiasthmatic drugs
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the serinethreonine kinase akt has recently been the focus of intense research akt activation requires the phosphorylation of both thr and ser src kinase was shown to induce activation of akt while lyn kinase seems to inhibit this activation in the present T0 we investigated the effect of overexpressing the csk homologous kinase chk an inhibitor of srcfamily kinases on the phosphorylation of akt induced by two different factors HRG or cisplatin we used mcf cells stably overexpressing the wildtype chk chkwt or deadkinase chk chkdk we observed that in mcf chkwt cells lyn kinase activity was more profoundly inhibited than src kinase activity when the cells were stimulated with heregulin or cisplatin akt phosphorylation occurred more rapidly in mcf chkwt cells in comparison to the other clones used interestingly mcf chkwt cells in vitro were markedly more resistant to cisplatin than the other clones used in the experiments and surprisingly chemical inhibition of akt phosphorylation did not influence this resistance in summary our results show facilitation of akt phosphorylation by the overexpression of chk and pmuch less efficiently in pnull mutant melanoma uisomel cells a redoxnegative mutant form of azurin mkme demonstrates much less cytotoxicity to the uisomel cells than the wildtype protein azurin has been shown to be internalized in uisomel cells and is localized predominantly in the cytosol and in the nuclear fraction in the pnull uisomel cells azurin is localized only in the cytosol thus intracellular trafficking of azurin to the nucleus is pdependent azurin forms a complex with p thereby stabilizing it and raising its intracellular level in cytosolic mitochondrial and nuclear fractions corresponding to an increasing level of p an inducer of apoptosis the level of bax also increases in mitochondria allowing significant release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol thus initiating the onset of apoptosis the mkme mutant form of azurin deficient in cytotoxicity is also deficient in forming a complex with p and is less efficient in stabilizing p than wildtype azurin azurin has been shown to allow regression of human uisomel tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice and may potentially be used in cancer treatment
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cirrhotic cardiomyopathy has been reported to be a L1 cause ofr which in spinforbidden reactions is often defined by the relative energy of the minimum SE crossing point mecp between PE surfaces corresponding to the different spin states the second factor is the probability of hopping from one surface to the other in the vicinity of the crossing region which is largely defined by the spinorbit coupling matrix PE between the two electronic wavefunctions the spinforbidden transition state theory takes both AF into account and gives good results the shortcomings of the theory which are largely analogous to those of standard tst are discussed finally it is shown that in cases where the surfacehopping probability is low the kinetics of spinforbidden reactions will be characterised by unusually unfavourable entropies of activation as a consequence reactions involving a spinstate change can be expected to compete poorly with spinallowed reactions at high temperatures or energies
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endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy at the second rib level is considered ERP as a therapeutic treatment for facial blushing however to of patients do not benefit from this MI no additional procedure has been developed for this disorder recently ganglionectomy using application of laser speckle flow graph has been evaluated for the treatment of compensatory sweating we report our results of ganglionectomy for facial blushing as a redo surgery
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breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women and morphine is used to relieve the pain of patients with cancer the data on the effects of morphine on TG and angiogenesis are contradictory we determined in mouse breast CA MM whether analgesic doses of morphine would affect tumour angiogenesis and then the rho between microvessel density mvd doppler sonography ds and mtctetrofosmin tf uptake ehrlich ascites tumour cell xenografts pgpnegative tumour were divided into two CG a morphine sulphate mgkgday equivalent to mg per day for a kg human b nomorphine for the determination of angiogenesis in mice tumour tissue tf scintigraphy microvessel density and ds were done mvd was significantly different between groups ± vs ± morphine and nomorphine CG respectively p a strong correlation was found between late uptakes of mass at scintigraphy and degree of angiogenesis in histopathologic examination r p there was statistically significant inverse rho between degree of angiogenesis in histopathologic examination and washout ratio of tf r p the higher values for angiogenesis are related to higher tf reuptake there was no statistically significant rho between ds and tf a strong correlation was found between mvd and grade of ds r p our preclinical mice T0 indicates that morphine at clinically relevant doses stimulates angiogenesis and angiogenesis triggered of morphine is demonstrated with mvd and ds but not tf however uptake and washout of tf are compared with immunohistochemically assessed morphinestimulated angiogenesis in tumour tissue
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we recently reported that prostaglandin e pge and AA aa each induced a gradual secretion of catecholamines from cultured bovine adrenal BCC in the presence of ouabain by stimulation of phosphoinositide metabolism in the present T0 we examined the relationship between phospholipase a and c activation and catecholamine secretion by pge in BCC the phospholipase a inhibitors pbromophenacyl bromide and mepacrine did not affect the basal and ouabaininduced release but dosedependently blocked pgeevoked phosphoinositide metabolism and the consequent catecholamine PR at an ic value of microm pge induced rapid hydrolysis of haa from prelabeled phospholipid pools the PR of haa could be detected at as early as sec and reached a plateau T3 min while the phospholipase c inhibitor neomycin did not inhibit pgeinduced aa release phospholipase a inhibitors dosedependently inhibited it at ic values comparable to those for catecholamine release i.c.v. of intact cells with the phorbol ester otetradecanoylphorbol acetate but not with pertussis toxin prevented aa PR by pge these results demonstrate that pge activates phospholipase a as well as phospholipase c in a pertussis toxininsensitive manner and suggest that the released AA may be involved in pgeinduced catecholamine release from chromaffin cells
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the adjusted incidence of CC among israeli jewish women is approximately out of this retrospective T0 sought to determine the clinical implications of finding AGC of undetermined significance agus in cervical cytologic specimens in this population C2 cytologic examinations during january june diagnosed as agus were identified by a computerised DB medical records were reviewed to determine the presence or absence of associated significant pathologic conditions of the cervix and identified out of patients with agus agus was the only cytologic diagnosis in patients while patients had both agus and an additional atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance ascus all subjects underwent colposcopy ECC and cervical biopsy a clinically significant diagnosis cervical IEL neoplasia cin ii cin iii or carcinoma was made in patients including CA in three one had microinvasive adenocarcinoma and two had microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma squamous carcinoma coexisting with a clinically significant lesion carried a risk of compared with a risk of for agus CT p PCD of agus during C2 cytologic screening especially with a coexisting ascus indicates the existence of serious pathologic processes management by cervical colposcopy endocervical curettage and C2 biopsy is recommended
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OH can mean many different things but fundamentally it is concerned with the effect of work on health and the effect of health on the capacity for work many disciplines are involved at the professional level including medicine nursing hygiene and ergonomics these are brought together in an international organisation the permanent commission and international association on occupational health administratively the united nations specialised agencies the ILO and the world health organization provide an international forum for policy making national patterns of occupational health reflect variations in industrial PH methods of administration and health resourses which result in OH services becoming the responsibility either of the department of health or the department of labour
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three chinese infants with methylmalonic acidaemia were described they presented in the neonatal period with recurrent episodes of poor feeding lethargy apnoea and severe acidosis the diagnosis was established by increased methylmalonic acid concentration in the plasma andor urine pancytopenia was a prominent feature in all three patients only patient three had assessment of lymphocyte subsets and it showed diminished population of blymphocytes and a reversed cdcd ratio all three patients were unresponsive to vitamin b they experienced severe infections including gramnegative septicaemia candidiasis and PCP which caused their deaths patients with this disease should be regarded as having severe immunodeficiency and in addition to optimal metabolic control they should be treated aggressively for any suspected L3 episodes
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to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of nite white carbamide peroxide with amorphous calcium phosphate potassium nitrate and fluoride over a month followup period nite WG was applied nightly for days according to the manufacturers instructions the color of teeth and of twenty one subjects was measured with a spectrophotometer l a b subjects were instructed to take note of any tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation for all three components l a and b statistical significant differences p in the values between baseline prebleaching and after treatment T3 month after months as well as T3 months were found wilcoxon signed rank sum test significant differences were also found amongst the δe ab days values and δe ab month δeab months and δe ab months however no significant differences were found between pairs of δe ab month δe ab months and δe ab months the decrease in δe ab was the highest after month the highest decrease in l was about after month over the day treatment period tooth sensitivity was
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precise pointtopoint connectivity is the basis of ordered maps of the VF the immaturity of the newborn hamsters visual system has allowed us to examine emerging topography in the geniculocortical projection well before thalamic axons have reached their cortical target SL iv using anterograde transneuronal labeling with wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase wgahrp we visualized the ingrowth of the whole population of geniculate SF in the neonatal hamster two DAB p the bulk of the fibers is in the deep cortical layers and the subplate at the same age i.v. of paired retrograde tracers red and green FL latex microspheres into area reveal an unordered projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus dlgn to cortex individual labeled cells are found throughout the dlgn and quantitative analysis reveals no segregation of the red and the green populations at p when the pattern of geniculate back label appears ordered and essentially adultlike geniculate fibers have reached layer iv the role of selective cell death in this process was investigated by making a tracer injection at p and allowing the animals to survive to p or p when the map is mature the results show early labeled SN that made inappropriate connections when the projection was scattered surviving through the period of geniculate cell death we conclude that the geniculocortical map develops from an initially unordered projection to the subplate and the lower cortical layers selective cell death appears not to contribute significantly to this process
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hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by echinococcus granulosus it is a progressive disease with serious morbidity risks S3 hydatid disease is very uncommon accounting for of spinal hydatidosis cases the diagnosis of a sacral hydatid cyst is sometimes difficult because hydatidosis can simulate other cystic pathologies the authors report on yearold boy admitted to their service with a paraparesis that allowed walking without aid the boy presented with a year PH of an evolving incomplete cauda equina syndrome as well as a soft cystic mass in the abdomen extending from the pelvis radiological examination revealed an anterior meningocele a posterior approach with laminectomy from l to s was performed three lesions with classic features of a hydatid cyst were observed and removed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed histopathologically antihelmintic treatment with albendazole mgkgday was included in the postoperative treatment the patients condition improved T3 surgery and he recovered normal mobility the unusual site and presentation of hydatid disease in this patient clearly supports the consideration of spinal hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis for any mass in the body especially in endemic areas
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to understand the relationships among the dose of hydroxyvitamin d ohd in vivo the activity of hydroxylase in renal mitochondria and the production of dihydroxyvitamin d ohd in vivo we gave rats different chronic or acute doses of hydroxyvitamin d ohd we followed the metabolism of intracardially po hydroxymethylhcholecalciferol ohhd for h before killing by measuring extracts of serum by chromatography specific activity of hydroxylase in kidney was measured at death in rats given pmol ohd chronically by mouth there was a dosedependent decline in the percent of SS radioactivity made up of dihydroxymethylhcholecalciferol ohhd as well as a decline in mitochondrial hydroxylase and these correlated significantly r p less than SS ohhd in this experiment ranged from to a small part of this range could be accounted for by a faster metabolic clearance rate mcr of ohd from rats supplemented with ohd mcr mlmin compared with rats restricted in vitamin d mcr mlmin p less than the activity of hydroxylase was by far the major factor determining serum ohhd when different acute doses of ohd were given to rats with MZ TPS MICs of hydroxylase the resulting ohd concentrations in serum correlated with the ohd dose r p less than we conclude that the SMB of hydroxylase in vivo is analogous to the classic behavior in vitro of an enzyme functioning below its michaelis constant km the amount of hydroxylase present in renal mitochondria determines the fraction not simply the quantity of ohd metabolized to ohd in vivo
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a growing body of exp and clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota markedly influences function and the structure of the mucosal lining intestinal microbiota can potentially cause damage to the mucosa either directly by releasing toxins or indirectly by causing a detrimental immune response probiotic bacteria have been defined as live microorganisms which when consumed in adequate amounts confer a health benefit for the host in recent years the therapeutic and preventive application of probiotics for several gastrointestinal and CL disorders has received increasing attention probiotics appear to be beneficial for premature infants who suffer necrotizing enterocolitis the effectiveness of certain probiotics as treatment for infectious and antibioticassociated diarrhea in adults and for allergic disorders in children has been supported by clinical studies however the potential mechanism s remains to be studied exp studies and PCTs for probiotic treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases ibd have yielded conflicting results daily intake of selected probiotics was ERP in the prevention of ulcerative colitis and the attenuation of the active ON of crohns disease or ulcerative colitis but others failed to show a beneficial effect the combination of lactobacillus bifidobacterium saccharomyces boulardi and the treatment with escherichia coli nissle were found beneficial in inducing and maintaining remission of disease activity of gut inflammation and moderately severe ulcerative colitis probiotic bacteria were considered in some studies as a safe adjuvant when added to triple eradication therapy against the symptoms induced by the major gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori this review attempted to overview these new exciting advances in the role of these microbes in the pathogenesis management and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
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in environmental lifecycle assessments lca fate and exposure AF account for the general fate and exposure properties of chemicals under generic environmental conditions by means of evaluative multimedia fate and SE box models to assess the effect of using different generic environmental conditions fate and SE AF of chemicals emitted under typical conditions of western europe australia and the united states of america were compared with the multimedia fate and exposure box model useslca comparing the results of the three evaluative environments it was found that the uncertainty in fate and exposure AF for ecosystems and humans due to choice of an evaluative environment as represented by the ratio of the th and th percentile is between a factor and particularly fate and exposure AF of emissions causing effects in fresh water ecosystems and effects on human health have relatively high uncertainty this uncertainty is mainly caused by the continental difference in the average soil erosion rate the dimensions of the fresh water and agricultural soil compartment and the fraction of drinking water coming from ground water
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a pathogenic yeast CA causes lifethreatening infection in ICP inhibiting the production or PR of phospholipase b by c albicans should reduce direct host cell damage and inhibit the PR of eicosanoids from cells of this microorganism of the antitumor agents tested doxorubicin and daunorubicin inhibited the activity of phospholipase b and prostaglandin production by c albicans these two agents have the potential to inhibit the activity of c albicans phospholipase b although the inhibitory concentrations exceeded the clinical dose
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the purpose of this T0 was to investigate the usefulness of elastic wave propagation ewp in estimating the mechanical properties elasticity of human tibia the test group was composed of yrold women assigned to high n and low n bone mineral density bmd groups as measured at the calcaneus by the iphoton absorption method the ewp apparatus consisted of an impactproducing hammer with a force CS gauge and two accelerometers positioned on the bone results for nylon and acrylic were used to calibrate the apparatus polyvinyl chloride pvc solid rods and tubes of various diameters were used to evaluate the relationship between the elastic wave velocity and crosssectional area the density and the crosssectional area of tibia were measured by the computerized tomographic ct method at the same intersection points as velocity recordings the velocities in tibia of bending waves produced by the mechanical hammer were found to depend on the density area moment of inertia and densitydependent elastic constants of bone it is important to account for the changes of these quantities along the bone it is suggested that the velocity of elastic waves and various indices derived there from provide inexpensive ways of evaluating the elastic properties of bone
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herpes simplex virus hsv is a chronic reactivating infection that leads to recurrent shedding episodes in the genital tract a minority of episodes are prolonged and associated with development of painful ulcers however currently available tools poorly predict viral trajectories and timing of reactivations in infected individuals we employed principal components analysis pca and SVD svd to interpret hsv genital tract shedding time series data as well as simulation output from a stochastic spatial mathematical MM empirical and modelderived timeseries data gathered over days consists of multiple complex episodes that could not be reduced to a manageable number of descriptive features with pca and svd however single hsv shedding episodes even those with prolonged duration and complex morphologies consisting of multiple erratic peaks were consistently described using a maximum of four dominant features modeled and clinical episodes had equivalent distributions of dominant features implying similar dynamics in real and simulated episodes we applied linear discriminant analysis lda to simulation output and identified that local immune cell density at the viral reactivation site had a predictive effect on episode duration though longer term shedding suggested chaotic dynamics and could not be predicted based on spatial patterns of immune cell density these findings suggest that hsv shedding patterns within an individual are impossible to predict over weeks or months and that even highly complex single hsv episodes can only be partially predicted based on spatial distribution of immune cell density
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T3 anesthesia employing nondepolarizing muscle relaxants of AD patients demonstrate residual paralysis with a trainoffour ratio less than but it is not known if the same is true for children this study was designed to investigate neuromuscular transmission in asa physical status i or ii daycare children aged yr after halothane anesthesia in which pancuronium n atracurium n or vecuronium n was po IP nerve stimulation was used clinically to assess neuromuscular blockade during surgery in the recovery room the evoked response of the AP muscle was measured by trainoffour stimulation of the ulnar nerve this measurement was made mean sem at and min T3 pharmacologic antagonism with mgkg atropine and mgkg neostigmine in the pancuronium atracurium and VEC CG respectively there were no differences in the ages of the patients in the three groups at and yr with children less than yr REC from neuromuscular blockade in all three groups was almost CR the trainoffour ratio height of fourth twitch compared with the first was similar in patients who had received pancuronium atracurium or vecuronium therefore postoperative muscle weakness or respiratory impairment is unlikely in pediatric daycare surgical patients more than yr old when these anesthetic techniques are used
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a major question in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease is why motor neurons are selectively susceptible to mutations in widely expressed gene products reexamination of motor neuron degeneration due to alterations of NF-M nf expression suggests that disruption of assembly with aggregation of the light neurofilament nfl protein may be an upstream event and contributing factor leading to the preferential degeneration of motor neurons the implications of these findings are that aggregation of nfl is not only a triggering mechanism to account for the hallmark aggregates of nf protein in sporadic and familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but that aggregates of nfl may also promote aggregation of wildly expressed proteins that are destabilized by missense mutations such as by mutations in superoxide dismutase protein this review examines the potential role of nfs in determining and promoting the preferential degeneration of motor neurons in motor ne on the allforage diet to mgml with the concentrate diet and were not increased further by inducing sara the SS amyloida concentration was not affected by increasing dietary concentrate during stepwise adaptation to the concentrate but increased from to microgml when sara was induced a gradual increase in dietary concentrate so that the fc ratio decreased to resulted in increased ruminal lps concentrations subsequent induction of sara further increased ruminal lps and activated an inflammatory response
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the aim of this T0 was to establish orthodontic treatment need according to the DAI dai and aesthetic component ac and dental health component dhc of the index of orthodontic treatment need iotn and to determine its association with gender among saharan schoolchildren the T0 was carried out in accordance with world health organization who recommendations for oral health surveys at years of age the sample comprised sahrawi children girls and boys living in refugee camps in tindouf algeria none of the children had previously received any orthodontic treatment a chisquare test was used to analyse the iotn results by gender and a students ttest was employed for the dai results the mean dai was with a sigma of percent with a very severe and per cent with severe malocclusion orthodontic treatment need was and percent respectively according to grades and of the iotn dhc percent according to the iotn ac and percent according to the modified iotn iotn dhc grades andor iotn ac grades there were no statistically significant differences by gender the orthodontic treatment need of western saharan schoolchildren is similar to that reported by many recent studies in EU and in subsaharan countries
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dipeptidyl peptidase iv dpp iv cd is an integral membrane serine protease exhibiting a well characterized exopeptidase activity the present study shows that dpp iv also possesses a novel gelatinase activity and therefore endopeptidase activity which was directly demonstrated by gelatin zymography protease inhibitor profile analysis showed that the endo and exopeptidase activities of dpp iv share a common active site ATP specificity was detected for denatured collagen types i ii iii and v suggesting that dpp iv might contribute to collagen trimming and metabolism on the basis of these data we propose that dpp iv and the recently sequenced gelatinolytic seprase fapalpha represent a new subfamily of gelatinolytic integral membrane serine proteases
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in the middle of the twentieth century the suspicion that deep and superficial nephrons might serve different functions created a demand for measurement of singlenephron glomerular filtration rate sngfr rather unexpectedly the answer came from odd e hanssen a norwegian physician working on his own in the department of pathological anatomy university of oslo with minimal support and no interaction with renal physiologists in T3 nearly years of work he presented the ferrocyanide method allowing simultaneous estimates of sngfr in a C1 number of nephrons in all layers of the kidney this review first describes his early visions of the method and the elaborate and extremely timeconsuming studies in mice to verify the technique as a byproduct came valuable information on the relationship between nephron size and sngfr glomerular intermittency and the emptying of the tubules on filtration stop hanssen died from a cerebral hemorrhage in and for several years the method seemed entirely forgotten fortunately andrew baines took up the use of ferrocyanide in while working on his thesis in toronto but his first publication came in from saclay france in collaboration with christian de rouffignac modifications allowing determination of absolute sngfr were worked out by de rouffignac and by jaime coehlo in NY thereafter the hanssen method spread rapidly and in the early s about reports had been published from laboratories in countries the distribution of sngfr in mammals birds and fish was described as well as the response to water and salt loads vasoactive substances hormones varying perfusion pressure blood loss etc finally T3 mentioning two recent methods inspired by the hanssen technique but using other filtration markers the review concludes that most of our present knowledge on sngfr distribution and regulation has been obtained by the method developed by hanssen years ago
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morbid obesity remains as a common and increasing health problem due to limited LT success with nonsurgical WL measures for mo bariatric surgery is being performed more and more often in both academic and private practice settings and has proven to be an ERP treatment option with sustained weight loss decreased morbidity reversal of comorbidities and prolonged life expectancies am j clin nutr ss brolin nutrition fisher and schauer am j surg ss the rouxeny gastric bypass biliopancreatic diversion and gastric sleeve will be discussed in terms of their expected imaging appearance and potential complications
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in the present T0 we have investigated and compared the ability of olanzapine clozapine and haloperidol to modulate phencyclidine pcpinduced effect in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex mpfc of rats using the techniques of intracellular recording and voltageclamp subchronic treatment of rats with pcp mgkg bid days h withdrawal produced a depolarized resting membrane potential a decrease of slow T3 hyperpolarization sahp and spike frequency adaptation a shift of the concentration response curve of nmethyldaspartate nmda but not alphaaminohydroxymethylisoxazolepropionic acid ampa to the left a decrease of the paired pulse facilitation ppf with an increase of excitatory postsynaptic current variance epsc variance and a reduction of the blockade of nmda response by in vitro application of pcp repeated treatment with either olanzapine or clozapine but not haloperidol CR prevented the aforementioned subchronic pcpinduced effects the present results indicate that the atypical AP drugs apds clozapine and olanzapine share a common property in preventing subchronic pcpinduced functional hyperactivity of nmda receptors
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our recent studies showed developmental differences in the PET responses of the myocardium to isoproterenol and exogenous calcium suggesting that decreased cardiovascular reserves in the immature HR contribute to the greater morbiditymortality reported in neonatal compared to adult endotoxin shock in this T0 hemodynamic hormonal and regional blood flow responses to ET challenge mgkg b lipopolysaccharide were compared in AD n and neonatal days of age n dogs compared to neonates AD dogs had higher baseline mean arterial pressures vs mmhg p while values were lower for cardiac SO vs mlkg p left VVI dpdt max vs mmhgsec p HR rate vs beatsmin p CF vs mlming p serum glucose vs mg p insulin vs muml p and glucagon vs pgml p endotoxin caused progressive cardiocirculatory dysfunction and metabolic acidosis regardless of ageabstract truncated at words
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translation initiation on PV rna occurs by internal IB of ribosomes to a sequence within the untranslated region we have previously characterized a hela cell protein p that binds to a fragment of the poliovirus untranslated region k meerovitch j pelletier and n sonenberg genes dev here we report the purification of the hela p protein microsequencing identified p as la autoantigen the la protein is a human antigen that is recognized by antibodies from patients with autoimmune disorders such as SLE erythematosus and sjögrens syndrome we show that the la protein stimulates translation of PV rna but not BMV tobacco mosaic virus and alfalfa mosaic virus rna translation in a reticulocyte lysate in addition la corrects aberrant translation of poliovirus rna in a reticulocyte lysate subcellular immunolocalization showed that la protein is mainly nuclear but after PV infection la is redistributed to the cytoplasm our results suggest that la protein is involved in PV internal initiation of translation and might CF through a similar mechanism in the translation of cellular mrnas
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in our previous study f betatype power spectrum with the beta beta significantly greater than zero was found in the R2 of soleus hreflex amplitudes this result indicated that the hreflex R2 was timecorrelated owing to fractal characteristics furthermore it was also suggested that the fractal characteristics were generated at the spinal level the purpose of the present T0 was to investigate whether the fractal nature of the hreflex R2 was influenced by the loss of supraspinal input six healthy normal subjects and seven patients with spinal cord injury participated in this T0 soleus hreflexes were evoked every s from both legs simultaneously stimulation intensity MT and successive amplitudes of the hreflex were recorded the hreflex CS evoked from each leg was analyzed by coarse graining spectral analysis to calculate the spectral exponent beta the value of beta was used to evaluate the level of timecorrelation fractal rho crossspectral analysis was used to evaluate the degree of synchronization between the hreflex sequences evoked from both legs the beta values for normal subjects left leg RA leg were significantly greater p than those for patients left leg right leg suggesting that the hreflex sequences for normal subjects were more timecorrelated than for patients in the frequency range less than hz the coherence of both legs was high for normal subjects as compared to for patients p in this frequency range the phase was almost rad for normal subjects indicating that the hreflex variabilities of both legs were synchronized these results suggested that the strong fractal rho observed in the hreflex sequences for normal subjects was associated with supraspinal input and such supraspinal input had equal influence on the reflex arcs of the soleus of both legs
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we calculate the cea Td of CL metastasis cases from Tc cancer and studied the AF influencing the growth rate the doubling time of CL metastasis from colonic cancer ranged from to days mean days was found significantly different among differentiations in histological type namely the Td of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was shorter than that of well differentiated adenocarcinoma moreover the postoperative survival time y months was found to be significantly correlated with doubling time x days y x r p less than these results suggest that the growth rate calculated as cea Td of cancer plays an important role in determining the degree of biological SMB in colonic CA patients
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zno nanorodporous silicon nanowire znopsinw hybrids with three different structures as highly CS no gas sensors were obtained psinws were first synthesized by metalassisted chemical etching and then seeded in three different ways T3 that zno nanorods were grown on the seeded surface of psinws using a hydrothermal procedure znopsinw hybrids showed excellent gas sensing performance for various no concentrations ppm at RT and the electrical resistance change rate reached as high as when responding to ppm no the distinct enhancement was mainly attributed to the faster carrier transportation T3 combination the increase in gas sensing areas and the oxygen vacancy vo concentration moreover the ptype gas sensing SMB was explained by the gas sensing mechanism and the effect of vo concentration on gas sensing properties was also discussed concerning the photoluminescence pl spectra performance
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this study aimed to evaluate the effects of quinestrol a synthetic oestrogen homologue with reproductive toxicity on the secretion of reproductive hormones and antioxidant status in AD male rat our results showed that quinestrol exposure significantly decreased the weight of the testis epididymides seminal vesicle and prostate as well as the sperm counts in the cauda epididymis of rats quinestrol significantly reduced the size of seminiferous tubules and the total number of spermatogenic cells serum testosterone follitropin and lutropin were also significantly reduced in a doserelated manner after quinestrol exposure meanwhile the activity of superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase and total antioxide capacity significantly decreased whereas the MDA and nitric oxide concentrations significantly increased in the testes these findings revealed that endocrine disorders of reproductive hormones and oxidative stress may be involved in reproductive toxicity induced by quinestrol in AD male rats
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this work focuses on the study of aqueous phase aggregation of the recently fda approved oral drug molecule fty fingolimod hydrochloride and its effect on dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dmpc liposomes using different FL molecular probes and fluorescence parameters the variation of the Css FI of anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid ans with fty in water shows an efficient micellar aggregation with the critical micellar concentration cmc at μm the aggregation number calculation from steady state fluorescence quenching of pyrene shows the formation of small micellar aggregates in AQ solution having an aggregation number of ± with the free SE of micellization kj mol fluorescence intensity and lifetime decay analysis of the molecular probe naphthol indicate that the interaction of fty with the dmpc lipid bilayer membrane prevents partitioning of small molecules such as naphthol to the membrane in both solid gel sg and liquid crystalline lc phases temperature dependent fluorescence intensity studies of naphthol and fluorescence anisotropy measurements of DPH dph have shown that above the cmc of fty the sg to lc main phase transition temperature tm of the lipid bilayer membrane decreases from °c to °c in the aqueous medium
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the histone h variant centromere protein a cenpa is central to centromere formation throughout eukaryotes a longstanding question in centromere biology has been the organization of cenpa at the centromere and its implications for the structure of centromeric chromatin in this study we describe the threedimensional localization of cenpa at the inner kinetochore plate through serialsection transmission electron microscopy of human mitotic chromosomes at the kinetochores of normal centromeres and at a neocentromere cenpa occupies a compact domain at the inner kinetochore plate stretching across two thirds of the length of the constriction but encompassing only one third of the constriction width and height within this domain evidence of substructure is apparent combined with previous chromatin immunoprecipitation results saffery r h sumer s hassan lh wong jm craig k todokoro m anderson a stafford and kha choo mol cell chueh ac lh wong n wong and kha choo hum mol genet our data suggest that centromeric chromatin is arranged in a coiled nm fiber that is itself coiled or folded to form a higher order structure
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to evaluate the effects of endothelin receptor antagonism on cardiac performance in ES
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hyaloglide is a hyaluronanbased gel based on a novel autocrosslinked technology designed to reduce postsurgical adhesions its tau was assessed in a multicentred randomized controlled trial comparing the results of flexor tenolysis in zone following failed flexor tendon repairs in the control group a standard PR was performed in the treated group hyaloglide was applied into the flexor sheath and around the site of tenolysis fortyfive patients controls and treated with hyaloglide were enrolled in centres all the patients were evaluated at and days after surgery by testing total AS motion quickdash questionnaire and number of working days lost T3 surgery patients in the hyaloglide group had a statistically better recovery of finger motion at all time intervals and returned earlier to work and daily activities the use of hyaloglide did not appear to increase the complication rate
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the dentatothalamocortical tract dtct connects the lateral cerebellum with contralateral motor and nonmotor areas such as the primary motor SC m the VP PM SC pmv and the DL prefrontal SC dlpfc as the acquisition of precisely timed finger movements requires the interplay between these brain regions the structural integrity of the underlying connections might explain variance in behavior DTI was used to reconstruct the dtct connecting the dentate nucleus with m pmv and dlpfc and examine to which extent their microstructural integrity tractrelated fractional anisotropy relates to learning gains in a motorsequence learning paradigm consisting of a synchronization and continuation part continuous dtct were reconstructed from the dentate nucleus to all cortical target Az we found that the microstructural integrity of the dtct connecting the left dentate nucleus with the RA dlpfc was associated with better early consolidation in rhythm continuation r p the present data further advances the knowledge about a righthemispheric timing network in the human BB with the dlpfc as an important node contributing to learning gains in precise movement timing
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using a twosite immunometric assay irma we quantified the concentration of singlestranded dna IB protein ssb in several e coli strains we found approximately monomers of ssb present per bacterium and this number remained constant throughout the exponential phase of growth two ssb mutants ssb and ssb are defective in the induction of the sos pathway one of the first functions expressed upon induction of the sos pathway is the amplification of reca protein reca which we monitored by an irma assay similar to the one used for ssb quantification by combining the two assays we determined the level of ssb and reca in ssb mutants or in ssb and reca overproducer strains we found a a normal induction of reca following uv irradiation of e coli bacteria overproducing ssb b a normal level of ssb in wild type and ssb and ssb mutants either in the absence or in the presence of sos inducing agents we confirmed a severe impairment in the induction of reca in these two mutants T3 nalidixic acid treatment our results suggest that the concentrations of reca and ssb protein in e coli are regulated by independent PSA pathways
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the treatment of chronic AD is a L1 challenge for the vascular surgeon close imaging followup T3 the acute episode frequently identifies dilation of UT aortic segments AD often extends to both the supraaortic trunks and to the visceral aorta the poor medical condition that often characterizes these patients may preclude extensive open surgical repair recent advances in endovascular techniques provide a valid alternative to open surgery these complex lesions can now be managed using thoracic branched and fenestrated endografts however clinical data are scarce and only small series from highvolume aortic centers are currently available careful anatomical T0 on d workstations is mandatory to select patients that are candidates for complex endovascular exclusion a specific focus on the available working space within the true lumen extension to the arch andor the visceralrenal arteries and false lumen perfusion of visceral vessels is required an excellent understanding of those anatomic details demands highquality preoperative cta intraoperative T3 imaging applications are a L1 adjunct in the achievement of technical success
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the duallabelling centrifugalelutriation method has been extensively used to study patterns of macromolecular synthesis and accumulation in the yeast cell cycle cells are longterm labelled with a radioactive F0 for about cycles a measure of macromolecular mass then pulselabelled with a precursor containing a different radioactive isotope for the final cycle a measure of rate of synthesis harvested cells are fractionated into cell cycle stages by centrifugal elutriation and changes in PP longterm labelling during the cycle determined this pattern of NC is compared with theoretical changes in rate mass calculated for various patterns of synthesis using this method it has been suggested that rates of synthesis and accumulation of several types of rna and protein all increase exponentially through the cycle in contrast experiments using synchronous cultures or zonal centrifugation for cell cycle analysis have suggested other synthetic patterns including periodic doubling in rate in each cycle in this paper we analyse whether the duallabelling centrifugalelutriation method is capable of discriminating between exponential and periodic ratedoubling patterns three possible sources of imprecision in the method and its application are examined theoretical rate mass curves have been simulated for macromolecules with a wider range of properties than previously considered it is shown that for some important classes such as messenger rnas with TR in the range measured experimentally and proteins differences between rate mass curves for exponential and periodic ratedoubling models are considerably smaller than previously suggested LT labelling is shown to be an accurate measure of macromolecular mass but pulselabelling can be inadequate as a measure of rate of synthesis the error is greater with rnas with faster turnover and again reduces the ability of the method to discriminate exponential and periodic ratedoubling models of synthesis the error is greater with rnas with faster turnover and again reduces the ability of the method to discriminate exponential and periodic ratedoubling models of synthesis imperfections in cell cycle fractionation by CE are examined and by computer simulation it is shown that these also reduce the ability of the method to distinguish between the two models of synthesis the three sources of imprecision are cumulative it is concluded from simulation analyses that the differences between exponential and periodic ratedoubling patterns analysed by the method would be so small as to be almost impossible to establish against the background of error in experimental measurement we therefore suggest that in practice the duallabelling centrifugalelutriation method is unable to discriminate between the exponentially increasing and periodic ratedoubling models the mathematical treatment developed in this paper should be applicable to analysis of other methods and Tc events
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left atrial myocardial extensions over the pulmonary veins pvs known as myocardial sleeves are present in the physiological anatomy of most individuals although this structure has recently received clinical attention as a major origin of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation af it has not been documented in surgical specimens here we examine incidentally identified myocardial sleeve tissue in routinely processed lung resection specimens to determine its incidence and diagnostic implications among lung resection specimens with evaluable pv margins myocardial sleeve tissue was identified in cases the tissue was located within the adventitia of the pvs mostly in margin S9 and existed outside the pericardium in the majority of cases carcinoma infiltration of the sleeves was evident in cases no heart injuries were observed and no tumors invaded the HR preoperative electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm in all cases whereas postoperative monitoring revealed SR in all patients except one who showed af and flutter myocardial sleeve tissue is an underrecognized incidental finding in lung resection specimens and it is not indicative of heart injury cancer infiltration into this tissue indicates neither heart invasion nor by itself invasion into the pericardium although surgical transection of the myocardial sleeve did not evoke immediate arrhythmia in most cases the overall influence of this procedure on the postsurgical risk of af remains to be determined in further studies involving extensive rhythm assessment
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it is well known that the conventional dielectrophoretic force acting on a polarised particle in a nonuniform ac electric field is proportional to the inphase component of the induced dipole moment and the nonuniformity of the field strength in contrast the travellingwavedielectrophoretic force that acts on a particle subjected to a travelling electric field is proportional to the outofphase component of the induced dipole moment we derive a theory that unifies the description and interpretation of conventional DEP and travellingwavedielectrophoretic forces we show that a particle in a nonuniform ac electric field experiences a dielectrophoretic force due to spatial nonuniformities of the magnitude and the phase of the field interacting respectively with the IP and outofphase components of the induced mu the theory is used to explain the translational effects observed for particles in the presence of standing travelling and rotating fields in several exp electrode configurations the good agreement found between the experimental observations and the theoretical predictions validate the theory
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the serum imprinted gene in the praderwilli syndrome region is a recently identified paternally expressed gene previous work has demonstrated ipw expression in the human fetus and adult with monoallelic expression in AD lymphoblasts and fibroblasts and in fetal tissues to further examine the expression of ipw a series of experiments were carried out using rtpcr to measure ipw expression in placentae and various fetal and RT tissues biallelic expression of ipw was found in testicular germ cell RT and TCC cells suggesting loss of imprinting in the latter case both h and insulinlike growth factor igf two additional imprinted genes also showed biallelic expression in those same PT that demonstrated ipw biallelic expression of note the naturally occurring parthenogeneticderived mature teratoma unexpectedly expressed C1 amounts of ipw lastly the pluripotent embryonal CA cell line tera expressed ipw at the same level before and after differentiation induced by retinoic acid suggesting that this gene functions in a housekeeping capacity throughout cell growth this was in contradistinction to h and igf both of which showed significant transcriptional upregulation after tera cell differentiation
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the holliday junction cleavage protein hjc resolvase of pyrococcus furiosus is the first HJ resolvase to be discovered in archaea although the archaeal resolvase shares certain biochemical properties with other nonarchaeal junction resolvases no CAA sequence similarity has been identified to investigate the structurefunction relationship of this new holliday junction resolvase we constructed a series of mutant hjc genes using sitedirected mutagenesis targeted at the residues conserved among the archaeal orthologs the products of these mutant genes were purified to homogeneity with analysis of the activity of the mutant proteins to bind and cleave synthetic holliday junctions one acidic residue glu and two basiecombinant MMP encompassing the nhterminal CAA region of alphacatenin an in vivo role for the interaction of Sp with alphacatenin is suggested by the impaired membrane assembly of Sp and its enhanced detergent solubility in clone a cells that harbor a defective alphacatenin transfection of these cells with wildtype alphacatenin reestablishes alphacatenin at the plasma membrane and coincidentally recruits Sp to the membrane we propose that ankyrinindependent interactions of modest affinity between alphacatenin and the aminoterminal domain of betaspectrin augment the interaction between alphacatenin and actin and together they provide a polyvalent linkage directing the topographic assembly of a nascent spectrinactin skeleton to membrane regions enriched in ecadherin
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installing membranes for solidliquid separation into biological nutrient removal bnr activated sludge as systems makes a profound difference not only to the design of the membrane bioreactor mbr bnr system itself but also to the design approach for the whole wastewater treatment plant wwtp in multizone bnr systems with CM in the aerobic reactor and fixed volumes for the anaerobic anoxic and aerobic zones ie fixed volume fractions the mass fractions can be controlled within a range with the interreactor recycle ratios this zone mass fraction flexibility is a significant advantage of mbr bnr systems over bnr systems with AA settling tanks ssts because it allows changing the mass fractions to optimise biological n and p removal in conformity with influent wastewater characteristics and the effluent n and p concentrations required for pwwfadwf ratios fq in the upper range fq approximately aerobic mass fractions in the lower range fmaer and high usually raw wastewater strengths the indicated mode of operation of mbr bnr systems is as D2 aeration wwtps no primary settling and long sludge age however the volume reduction compared with equivalent bnr systems with ssts will not be large but the cost of the membranes can be offset against sludge thickening and stabilisation costs moving from a flow unbalanced raw wastewater system to a flow balanced fq low usually settled wastewater strength system can double the adwf capacity of the biological reactor but the design approach of the wwtp changes away from extended aeration to include primary sludge stabilisation the cost of primary sludge treatment then has to be offset against the savings of the increased wwtp capacity
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human beings are exposed to a multitude of carcinogens in their environment and most cancers are considered to be chemically induced here we examined differences in genetic alterations in rat forestomach PT induced by repeated exposure to a genotoxic carcinogen nmethylnnitronnitrosoguanidine mnng or nmethylnitrosourethane mnur and chronic treatment with a nongenotoxic carcinogen butylated hydroxyanisole bha or caffeic acid ca a total of weekold male f rats were employed forty rats were treated with mnng by i.g. administration at a dose of mgkg body wt once a week for weeks and rats received ppm mnur in their drinking water for weeks further CG of animals were administered bha or ca in the diet for weeks the remaining rats were maintained without any supplement as controls multiple forestomach tumors were observed in all rats of the mnng mnur bha and catreated CG histopathologically mnur and catreated CG showed almost the same DP on polymerase chain reactionsingle strand conformation polymorphism analysis hras and p gene mutations were observed at high and relatively low frequencies respectively in forestomach PT induced by mnng and mnur most hras gene mutations were ga EMT in codons and of exon on the other hand forestomach tumors due to the nongenotoxic carcinogens bha and ca had almost no mutations of the hras and p genes moreover relative overexpression of cyclin d and p was detected in forestomach tumors induced by the genotoxic carcinogens while their nongenotoxic counterparts had a tendency to show low expression of those molecules mutations of the betacatenin gene were not detected in any group the present T0 demonstrates that rat forestomach tumors induced by genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens have different underly with hp
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historically the investigation of a neonate at risk of rhesus d antigen rhdassociated haemolytic disease has included a direct antiglobulin test on UC blood however the introduction of routine antenatal antirhd prophylaxis has led to a significant number of false positive results and recent studies suggest that a positive CB direct AGT is poorly predictive of subsequent hyperbilirubinaemia the british EC for standards in haematology guidelines now recommend that a direct antiglobulin test should no longer be performed routinely on umbilical cord blood in infants born to rhdnegative mothers we review the recent changes in antenatal management of rhdnegative mothers and their impact on the neonatal presentation of rhdassociated haemolytic disease of the P0 that underpin this recommendation we conclude that there is convincing evidence to support the guidelines finally we consider how babies born to rhdnegative mothers should be investigated and consider alternative strategies to detect neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
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we sought to compare the feasibility and accuracy of MBF reserve mbfr measured by quantitative realtime myocardial contrast echocardiography with those of CF velocity reserve cfvr obtained by transthoracic doppler echocardiography for detecting LAD coronary i.a. lad stenosis we studied patients who underwent adenosine stress contrast echocardiography transthoracic doppler echocardiography and quantitative coronary angiography within month an index of MBF a x beta was determined by quantification of peak plateau acoustic intensity a and microbubble replenishment velocity beta by contrast echocardiography feasibilities of qualitative analysis of MP and cfvr and mbfr measurements were and respectively patients with lad stenosis had lower cfvr vs p mbfr vs p and beta reserve vs p than those without lesion sensitivities specificities and accuracies for detecting lad stenosis were and for qualitative analysis of MP and for cfvr and for mbfr and and for beta reserve in this selected T0 population cfvr was the best index for detecting lad stenosis odds ratio confidence interval
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several iron chelators hydroxypyridinones cp and desferrioxamine df were compared for their effect on dna synthesis cell viability and expression of cell proliferation markers shortterm h SE of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to cp or df inhibited the proliferative response of cells to concanavalin a con a inhibition by cp and df showed a dosedependent effect with cp EDC more AS than df increased GABA activity of cp over df was partly due to the lipophilic properties of cp presaturation of cp and df with exogenous ferric ion either diminished or prevented the inhibitory effect at high chelator concentrations or prolonged h exposure of the cells to chelators inhibition occurred but poor cell viability was observed in contrast to their inhibition of dna synthesis these iron chelators showed little effect on protein synthesis and the expression of transferrin receptors and interleukin IL-2R these findings suggest that both df and cp EDC exert their effect by chelation of Fe3+ with subsequent inhibition of dna synthesis
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AH is known to be positively associated with breast CA risk the mechanism underlying this association is complex since AH is positively correlated with age at menarche which in turn is negatively associated with breast CA risk the authors used prospective data from a british cohort of girls followed from birth in to the end of to examine breast CA risk in relation to childhood growth as expected AD height was positively associated with age at menarche and breast cancer in childhood cases were taller and leaner on average than noncases significant predictors of breast cancer risk in models containing all components of growth were height velocity at age years for a onestandarddeviation increase odds ratio or confidence interval ci and age years or ci and body mass index velocity weight kgheight myear at age years or ci the effects of these variables were particularly marked in women with early menarche age years these findings suggest that women who grow faster in childhood and reach an adult height above the average for their menarche category are at particularly increased risk of breast CA
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analysis of the modified nucleosides is particularly important in the medical area because of a possibility of cancerogenic processes studies the aim of this work was to T0 the selectivity tuning of modified nucleosides through the investigations of interactions analyte modified nucleoside stationary phase mobile phase a series of homemade stationary phases with different surface properties has been utilized all of them contain various interaction CS such as cholesterol sgchol nacylamide sgchol sgap aminopropyl sgchol sgap sgnh sgmix cyanopropyl phenyl octyl sgmix octadecyl sgmix sgc and silanols localized on the ODS surface of all packings the attempt to predict the main interactions responsible for the PR between nucleosides and stationary phase ligands was done on the basis of the elemental analysis and proportional part of an individual ligand bonded to silica surface results in order to T0 the influence of different packing types on the analyzed nucleosides PR the relationship between ph of the mobile phase buffer and the selectivity of a stationary phase was investigated
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aldosterone deficiency is caused by various defects of aldosterone biosynthesis in the adrenal gland or hyporeninism the most important PS are hyponatremia and hyperkalemia these electrolyte disturbances are also found in pseudohypoaldosteronism pseudohypoaldosteronism type i is characterized by insensitivity of the distal nephron for aldosterone hyperabsorption of chloride in the distal nephron leads to pseudohypoaldosteronism type ii which is linked with hypertension whereas blood pressure in the other mentioned disorders is decreased renal tubular acidosis mainly type with impaired production of ammonia due to hyperkalemia is frequently observed in hypoaldosteronism and both types of PHA as well the therapeutic regimen is different low doses of fludrocortisone in hypoaldosteronism potassium restriction sodium bicarbonate and loop diuretics in type i of pseudohypoaldosteronism and sodium restriction and chloruretic diuretics thiazide in type ii of pseudohypoaldosteronism in some cases hyperkalemia requires the use of potassiumbinding resins
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postpartum depression affects to percent of all mothers a T0 of obstetric nurses and obstetricians was conducted using a reliable twofactor scale to measure their knowledge and awareness of PPD nurses were more aware than physicians of the emotional impact of PPD nurses who demonstrated more empathy and who believed education of postpartum depression does not increase a mothers risk were more aware of the PP phenomenon than nurses who were less empathic and who did not hold the same belief younger and women physicians recognized the psychosocial antecedents to PPD to a greater degree than did older and men physicians these findings offer potential use in the training of perinatal HCPs and in the education of pregnant women about PPD
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the amount of enterogastric biliary reflux was assessed in patients who previously underwent henley operation n or RY biliary diversion n using the radiopharmaceutical mtechnetiumdisida two other CG were investigated a control group consisting of patients with unoperated duodenal ulcer n and a group of patients who underwent billroth ii gastrectomy n the length of the interposed segment of jejunum ranged from to cm median of cm in the henley patients and from to cm median of cm in the rouxeny group in henley patients the percentage of po mtechnetiumdisida that was recovered from the stomach median of was lower p less than than that obtained for BII patients median of and did not differ p greater than from that of the rouxeny median of and duodenal ulcer groups median of these results indicate that henley T0 is as ERP as rouxeny diversion in promoting the reduction of the amount of enterogastric biliary reflux that follows billroth ii distal gastrectomy
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proteins are targeted to plastids by nterminal transit MMP which are recognized by protein import complexes in the organelle membranes historically transit peptide properties have been defined from vascular plant sequences but recent largescale genome sequencing from the many plastidcontaining lineages across the tree of life has provided a much broader representation of targeted proteins this includes the three lineages containing primary plastids plants and green algae rhodophytes and glaucophytes and also the seven major lineages that contain secondary plastids secondhand plastids derived through eukaryotic endosymbiosis despite this extensive spread of plastids throughout eukaryota an nterminal transit peptide has been maintained as an essential plastidtargeting motif this article provides the first global comparison of TP composition and summarizes conservation of some features the loss of an ancestral motif from the green lineages including plants and modifications to transit MMP that have occurred in secondary and even tertiary plastids
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in the past few decades gate insulators with a high dielectric constant highk dielectric enabling a physically thick but dielectrically thin insulating SL have been used to replace traditional siox insulator and to ensure continuous downscaling of sibased transistor technology however due to the nonsilicon derivative natures of the highk metal oxides transport properties in these dielectrics are still limited by various structural defects on the heterointerfaces and inside the dielectrics here we show that another insulating silicon compound amorphous Si nitride asin is a promising candidate of ERP electrical insulator for use as a highk dielectric we have examined asin deposited using the plasmaassisted atomic beam deposition paabd technique in an ultrahigh vacuum uhv environment and demonstrated the absence of defectrelated luminescence it was also found that the electronic structure across the asinsi heterojunction approaches the intrinsic limit which exhibits C1 band gap SE and valence band offset we demonstrate that charge transport properties in the metalasinsi mns structures approach defectfree limits with a large breakdown field and a low leakage current using paabd our results suggest a GA strategy to markedly improve the performance of gate dielectric using a nearly defectfree insulator
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cyclooxygenase cox is a wellknown enzyme which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins h pgh which are the effective mediators of inflammation disubstituted biphenyl acetic acids bpa and several alphamethyl derivatives mbpa of it are widely used as powerful nonsteroidal antiinflammatory and analgesic agents we have chosen these activity data because the relation between the substituents and activity is not obvious and is hard to explain and also to show the superiority of dft method from the dft results various quantum chemical based descriptors were computed but the qsar results showed that the descriptors based on frontier electron density and a new dft based quantum chemical descriptor nucleus independent CS nics are likely to be responsible for the in vitro inhibiting activity of bpa and mpba it has been proposed that nics accounts for pipi interaction and indeed leads to a better result to the best of our knowledge this is the first use of nics as a descriptor to get a better relationship to facilitate the design of cox inhibitors with potentially higher biological activity
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plasma fibronectin pfn crosslinked to Fn during the injury response provides a provisional matrix required for cells to begin tissue repair using a synthetic matrix of pfn and fibrin as a substrate for cell adhesion and spreading we have determined that pfn covalently crosslinked to fibrin into a complex multimer is functionally distinct from pfn immobilized onto a plastic surface niht cells on a fnfibrin matrix reach of the maximal cell area of cells spread on fncoated plastic they neither attach nor spread on crosslinked Fn alone cells on pfnfibrin matrices form few prominent stress fibers and exhibit clear differences in membrane ruffling and filopodial extension when stained with rhodaminelabeled phalloidin interestingly these differences are enhanced by upregulation of protein kinase c these data suggest that cellfn interactions can be modified by the molecular context of the protein within the EM resulting in distinct cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization
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