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interferon ifn treatment increased the level of oligoadenylate a synthetase and inhibited replication of transmissible gastroenteritis virus tgev in cultured swine testicular cells despite a minimal increase in tgev titer in ifntreated swine testicular cells there was rapid cellular destruction ifntreated swine testicular cells had detectable C2 of a nm h postinfection after infection with pfu tgevcell infection of neonatal pigs with a virulent strain of tgev caused a significant increase in SS ifn and enterocyte a synthetase activity as compared to control pigs the level of enterocyte a synthetase in tgevinfected pigs was increased fold before viralinduced damage of the intestine consistently was present a was ND in enterocytes of either tgevinfected or control pigs less than nm S9 of enterocytes contained two subpopulations of cells one of which does not support replication of the virus the considerable dilution of tgevinfected cells villous enterocytes with uninfected cells crypt cells may be responsible for our inability to detect a in enterocytes from tgevinfected pigs these results indicate that the a system in porcine enterocytes and cultured testicular cells is modulated by tgev infection andor interaction with ifn | MEDAL |
a number of antianginal agents perhexiline amiodarone TMZ have been shown to inhibit myocardial carnitine palmitoyltransferase which controls access of longchain fatty acids to mitochondrial CS of betaoxidation in view of clinical data suggesting that perhexiline improves symptomatic status in unstable angina pectoris and the known role of mitochondrial betaoxidation in platelet metabolism we compared the platelet carnitine palmitoyltransferase GABA and putative antiaggregatory effects of perhexiline amiodarone and TMZ with those of TPS carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors etomoxir and hydroxyphenylglyoxylate in both normal subjects and patients with SA all of the compounds examined inhibited platelet carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity rank order of potency etomoxir malonylcoa hydroxyphenylglyoxylate amiodarone or perhexiline trimetazidine however only perhexiline amiodarone and trimetazidine inhibited PLT aggregation we conclude that a the carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors perhexiline amiodarone and trimetazidine exert significant antiaggregatory effects which may be therapeutically relevant and b these effects are independent of carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibition | MEDAL |
it is likely SA is highly prevalent in patients with CHF chf however as awareness is low and consensus guidelines do not exist SA is not routinely screened for or diagnosed in chf practice untreated SA may promote fatigue as well as left VVI dysfunction PD and increased mortality available screening tools lack sensitivity or specificity and there are insufficient numbers of sleep laboratories to accommodate the potentially C1 number of patient referrals with chf for definitive diagnosis in chf patients with obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness treatment includes CPAP which may improve left VF optimal treatment for the nonsleepy patient is not established there is no consensus regarding treatment for central SA studies which evaluate cardiovascular endpoints will be necessary to define management strategies for patients with chf and either obstructive or central sleep apnea | MEDAL |
ultrasound neuromodulation has gained increasing attention as a noninvasive method in this paper we present an ultrasound neuromodulation chip capable of initiating reversal behaviour and activating neurons of c elegans under the stimulation of a singleshot shortpulsed ultrasound about ± of worms respond to the ultrasound stimulation exhibiting reversal behaviour furthermore the worms can adapt to the ultrasound stimulation with a lower acoustic PP duration of stimulation in vivo calcium imaging shows that the activity of ash a polymodal sensory neuron in c elegans can be directly evoked by the ultrasound stimulation on the other hand afd a thermal CS neuron cannot be activated by the ultrasound stimulation using the same parameter and the temperature elevation during the stimulation process is relatively small consistent with the calcium imaging results the tax mutants which are insensitive to temperature increase do not show a significant difference in avoidance probability compared to the wild type therefore the mechanical effects induced by ultrasound are the main reason for neural and behavioural modulation of c elegans with the advantages of confined acoustic energy on the surface compatible with standard calcium imaging this neuromodulation chip could be a powerful tool for revealing the molecular mechanisms of ultrasound neuromodulation | MEDAL |
caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world it can elevate the level of glucocorticoid which is involved in metabolism regulation AS response and immune function however the specific mechanism has yet to be elucidated glucocorticoid is steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal SC and the key ratelimiting step in its biosynthesis is mediated by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein star this study was designed to investigate the direct effects and inheritable epigenetic mechanisms of caffeine on cortisol production and star expression in human HPA cells the human HPA cell L1 nciha was cultured with μm caffeine there was a significant increase of the cortisol production in cells in both acutely and chronically caffeinetreated cell groups mrna and protein expressions of star were stimulated in a dosedependent manner dna methylation detection via bisulfitesequencing pcr bsp uncovered a single site cpg demethylation at nt within the star promoter region then we investigated how long the increased star expression and the single cpg demethylation could last the caffeine was withdrawn T3 h of treatment and then the cells were continually subcultured for up to and passages respectively the results showed that the star expression at postcaffeine passage still increased as compared with that in the control the caffeineinduced demethylation at nt in star promoter underwent a similar time course as star expression does the present study reveals the direct effect and possible inheritable epigenetic mechanism of caffeine on steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical cells and has implications for our understanding of the consumption of caffeine | MEDAL |
the similarity of CAA CS and motifs of the nterminal extensions of certain class ii MLCs found throughout the animal kingdom suggest a common functional role one possible role of the NT extension is to enhance oscillatory work and SP production in striated muscles that normally operate in an oscillatory mode we conducted smallangle xray diffraction experiments and smalllengthperturbation analysis to examine the structural and functional consequences of deleting the NT extension of the myosin regulatory CS chain rlc in drosophila flight muscle the in vivo lattice spacing of dorsal LM dlm of flies lacking the rlc NT extension dmlcdelta was approximately nm less than that of wild type nm the myofilament lattice of detergenttreated demembranated dlm swelled with the dmlcdeltaa lattice expanding more than wild type and requiring roughly twice the concentration of dextran t to restore its lattice to in vivo spacing vs wv the calcium sensitivity and MA of net oscillatory work near the in vivo lattice spacing was significantly lower in dmlcdelta compared to wild type pca shifted by approximately onethird of a pca unit amplitude reduced by approximately onehalf these changes were in contrast to the lack of effect reported in a previous T0 carried out in the absence of dextran t the results are consistent with the nterminal extension interacting with actin to increase the probability that crossbridges form during stretchactivated oscillatory work and power production especially at submaximal C2 of calcium activation | MEDAL |
determinations of AP and AMG were made in plasma samples collected during one normal or hormone induced cycle in normal women and women using oral contraceptives containing micrograms ethinyl oestradiol and micrograms levonorgestrel the immediate plasmin inhibition test for determination of alpha antiplasmin was modified for application on a centrifugal analyser using the chromogenic peptide ATP chromozym pl alpha macroglobulin concentration was determined by radialimmunodiffusion there were no differences between the two groups in the mean concentrations of alpha AP and AMG but during the cycle a slight and statistically significant fall occurred in the alpha antiplasmin concentration in both groups while the fluctuations of AMG were small and insignificant distinctly individual C2 of both inhibitors were found to exist the variations in these during the periods of the cycle fluctuated within a much narrower range than the variation of the total average the results AS the importance of determining the fluctuations in individual levels in longitudinal studies these findings exclude variations in the concentrations of these inhibitors as possible sources of a NC in the antithrombotic potential caused by oral contraceptives | MEDAL |
the concentrations of fat lactose and protein were measured in the hour pooled BM of mothers delivering PT ptm and of mothers delivering term tm from the second to the eighth postnatal day and in addition in the ptm from the third week of lactation during the th week of life the nitrogen retention the fat absorption rate as well as the energy balance were estimated in very low birth weight infants AGA for gestational age fed either native ptm n or by heating procedures sterilized ptm n the concentrations of fat and lactose increase within in the first week of lactation the concentrations of fat are higher in the ptm during the first days of lactation which results in a higher energy density of ptm during the first days of lactation at the end of the first week of lactation there are no differences in the energy density between ptm and tm the fat absorption rate was significantly lower in the infants fed sterilized ptm than in the infants fed native ptm vs pc thus an SE intake of to vs pc thus an SE NI of kcalkgd or an energy absorption of more than kcalkgd respectively is possible by FF native ptm as well as tm when feeding volumes of more than mlkgd are tolerated when sterilized breast milk is used or the FF volume is below mlkgd an energy supplementation of the milk is necessaryabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
seven years ago a yearold female patient discovered a painless RT in her right breast simply by chance in the next year the RT increased significantly in size at this point the patient received a tumor resection which was misdiagnosed as a benign mesenchymal tissueoriginated tumor unfortunately the RT recurred just days after resection we subsequently resected the recurrent lesion and confirmed primary breast malignant fibrous histiocytoma the RT began to exhibit an unprecedented massive and uncontrolled growth ulcerating soon T3 the operation treatment of the patient was limited by time T3 the patient received a cycle of chemotherapy she died of cachexia with the emergence of multiorgan metastasis months after the operation | MEDAL |
procoagulant state inflammation and EC dysfunction have been documented in metabolic syndrome EC dysfunction is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events studies on the association of thrombinactivatable TAFIa and thrombosis are still controversial but substantial evidence suggests that increased thrombinactivatable TAFIa or thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibits or protects against arterial thrombosis this T0 aimed to assess concomitantly the effects of FF therapy on thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor concentrations and endothelial functions in patients with metabolic syndrome twentyfive patients women mean age were enrolled in the study plasma thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor creactive protein and fibrinogen levels were measured before fenofibrate administration and after weeks of FF treatment endothelial CF was assessed by endothelialdependent flowmediated dilatation from BA pretreatment baseline thrombinactivatable TAFIa level was decreasing to p T3 weeks of fibrate treatment endothelial functions which were measured with flowmediated dilatation were significantly improved after treatment mean flowmediated dilatation was at baseline and after week of fenofibrate treatment p fenofibrate decreases thrombinactivatable TAFIa C2 and improves endothelial CF in metabolic syndrome and thus suggests a potential for protection against cardiovascular effects further studies are warranted to confirm the effects of fibrates on thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and for conclusive evidence on the association between thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and thrombosis | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to examine the effects of different culture systems on the development of early bovine embryos in vitro a total of oocytes were aspirated from to mm follicles of ovaries collected at a local abattoir a high proportion of the oocytes matured in vitro were fertilised by spermatozoa capacitated with caffeine and heparin seven to eight hours T3 insemination the oocytes were transferred into three in vitro systems a tcm per cent fetal CS SC medium b coculture with a monolayer of granulosa cells and c coculture with bovine oviductal epithelial cells the results showed that the proportion of the early bovine embryos which overcame the block at eight to cells and developed to the morula and blastocyst stages in system c was significantly higher than in systems a or b | MEDAL |
the population of adults with tetralogy of fallot tof is growing and it is not known how the changes in age CSD treatment strategies and prevalence of comorbidities impact their interaction with the health care system we sought to analyze the frequency and reasons for hospital admissions over the past decade we extracted serial crosssectional data from the united states nationwide inpatient sample on hospitalizations including the diagnostic code for tof from to from to there were admissions for subjects with tof with a steady increase in annual number the most common primary admission diagnoses were HF hf arrhythmias atrial and ventricular pneumonia and device complications the rates of comorbidities increased significantly particularly diabetes to obesity to hypertension and renal disease the number of pulmonic DVR increased to of tof admissions p with an increase in median age at surgery from to years old p the cost per tof admission was more than double that of noncongenital hf admissions and rose significantly reaching ± in in conclusion hospitalized patients with tof have become significantly more medically complex and are growing in number the increase in the prevalence of obesity hypertost of their hearing range results show that marmosets fdls are comparable to other new world primates with lowest values in the frequency range of ⼠khz this region of lowest fdls corresponds with the region of lowest hearing thresholds in this species measured in our previous T0 and also with the greatest concentration of spectral SE in the major types of marmoset vocalizations these data suggest that frequency discrimination in the common marmoset may have evolved to match the hearing sensitivity and spectral characteristics of this species vocalizations | MEDAL |
to determine the clinical effectiveness and costeffectiveness of endovascular aneurysm repair evar of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms aaas in patients at varying C2 of risk | MEDAL |
serotonin hydroxytryptamine ht stimulates spawning in the zebra mussel dreissena polymorpha a macrofouling EU bivalve that has recently invaded north america to develop methods omatous mitral valve from to of the men and women to years of age mean years of patients were years of age or older were in NY heart association PET class iii or iv and had coronary i.a. disease necessitating coronary bypass the most common operation was posterior leaflet resection patients the anterior leaflet was resected in patients and both the anterior and posterior leaflets were resected in patients a variety of other techniques were used including commissuroplasty and use of annuloplasty rings a flexible duran ring was used in patients a carpentieredwards ring in patients and no ring was used in patients five operative deaths occurred four of the five deaths occurred in patients years of age or older and one in patients was younger than years of age in the late postoperative period mean followup years of patients had no symptoms two had endocarditis and seven patients had thromboemboli transient in four permanent in three structural valve degeneration requiring reoperation occurred late in patients eight were in posterior leaflet resection and two in anterior or anterior and posterior six of had no annuloplasty ring the incidence of structural valve degeneration was less than from to no SAM of the mitral valve was seen with postoperative echocardiography before discharge actuarial analysis at years for overall survival was freedom from infectious valve degeneration and freedom from TE freedom from structural valve degeneration overall was with a flexible ring it was with a rigid ring it was and with no ring it was p mitral valve reconstruction for complicated myxomatous disease of the mitral valve regardless of leaflet involvement is feasible and offers excellent early and late results | MEDAL |
valve effective orifice area eoa and transvalvular mean pressure gradient mpg are the most frequently used parameters to assess aortic stenosis as severity however mpg measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance cmr may differ from the one measured by transthoracic dopplerechocardiography tte the objectives of this T0 were to identify the AF responsible for the mpg measurement discrepancies by cmr versus tte in as patients to investigate the effect of flow vorticity on as severity assessment by cmr and to evaluate two models reconciling mpg discrepancies between cmrtte measurements | MEDAL |
romidepsin is a structurally unique histone deacetylase inhibitor approved by the us food and drug administration for therapy of relapsed or refractory cutaneous TCL ctcl localized electron beam radiation therapy lebt is standard practice in the care of patients with chronically traumatized and painful lesions ACT of those two modalities may be beneficial for the therapy of ctcl | MEDAL |
adoptive immunotherapy is used to treat malignant tumors resistant to conventional therapeutic modalities patients with M1 melanoma renal cell carcinoma or mesothelioma are most likely to benefit from this treatment tumor infiltrating lymphocytes til contain tumor TPS killer cells and are found to be the most ERP when til is not available or until it can be produced in sufficient amount autologous G1 lymphocytes aal are an alternative aal are leukapheresed lymphocytes G1 by CS medium from okt stimulated autologous lymphocytes subcutaneous il and oral cimetidine are also administered to support the reinfused aal and to inhibit activation of cd suppressor cells respectively to improve the yield and activation of reinfused lymphocytes addition of il to the culture medium was tested in different time intervals after the onset of the culture interleukin added in the first or second day i improved the yield of activated lymphocytes ii increased the expression of activation markers cd il receptor and DR and iii augmented killing of RT cells later addition of il had no or negative effects in vitro priming of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous or allogeneic but histologically identical PT was used to increase tumorspecificity of aal AS containing antibodies TPS to RT cells facilitated antigen presentation and yielded cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of efficiently killing RT cells | MEDAL |
early in bcell development C1 numbers of cells have to be generated each of which expresses only one type of bcell receptor ie ig on its surface this is achieved by the surface expression of a preb cell receptor containing a mu heavy chainsurrogate light chain which differentially provides signals for two responses of precursor b cells at this stage of development on the one hand it signals inhibition of further rearrangements of variable heavy chain to diversejoining heavy chain loci in the group of HCs p or these results suggest that the il betailra allelic cluster may participate in defining the biological basis of predisposition to chronic inflammatory bowel diseases | MEDAL |
exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction is associated with heat and water loss from the airways it is not known whether these conditions can influence the response to bronchoactive agonists the effects of different degrees of VA on the pulmonary response to methacholine and the role of humidity and temperature in this response were evaluated WR were anaesthetized tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated increasing doses of methacholine were infused intravenously and respiratory system resistance rrs and elastance ers were measured the rats were ventilated with dry air at degrees c dry air at degrees c humid air at degrees c and humid air at degrees c these four CG were further divided into three subgroups with a respiratory frequency adjusted to reach a carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood of and mmhg temperature humidity and level of alveolar ventilation did not influence the position of the doseresponse curve to methacholine however the maximal changes in ers were significantly lower in the rats ventilated with humid air in addition maximal changes in ers were significantly higher in the rats with lower AM ventilation these differences were not observed for maximal values of rrs the pulmonary response to methacholine in normal rats is significantly affected by the humidity of inspired air and the level of alveolar ventilation this influence is more intense in the small airways andor distal airspaces this suggests that exercise or HV can change the behaviour of airway smooth muscle | MEDAL |
polycystic ovary syndrome pcos is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age pcos is associated with multiple comorbidities including obesity insulin resistance and type diabetes as well as mood disorders and impaired SQ of life qol obstructive sleep apnoea osa is also a common medical condition that is often undiagnosed particularly in women osa is associated with a similar spectrum of comorbidities to that observed in pcos including manifestations of the metabolic syndrome and impaired qol whilst obesity frequently constitutes a common denominator in the pathophysiology of both osa and pcos hence it is not surprising that osa and pcos may coexist in women of reproductive age and the current clinical guidelines on the management of pcos recommend screening for osa PS in overweightobese women with pcos in this review we examine the relationship between osa and pcos and explore the potential underlying mechanisms that link these two conditions | MEDAL |
current evidence indicates that the benefits of telehealth may not be uniform across all patients therefore to understand what TPS variables influence use of homebased telemanagement in copd we conducted this retrospective T0 a month homebased telemanagement program htp was offered to copd patients over a year period multivarible LR analysis was used to identify predictors of htp useweek phone calls and specialist consultations among all variables clinical body mass index comorbidities htp prescription not following an exacerbation LT oxygen therapy use copd severity hospital readmissions exacerbations and death sociodemographic sex age place of abode smoking history arterial blood gases abg and specialistgeneral practitioner gp urgent need logistic regression was conducted to predict relapseshospitalizations risk as well as the disease impact copd assessment test cat at the end of the program presence of relapses p abgs p and gp request p were significantly associated with higher htpuse smoking history or ic p specialist or p and gp consultations or p were the only independent risk AF for relapse no predictor of hospitalization was found high final cat score was inversely related to oxygen therapy use p and htp prescription p and positively related to presence of comorbidities p and baseline cat p this htp in lombardy shows that relapsers people requiring several abgs and urgent gp visits are the patient subgroup most likely to consume telemanagement services scheduled and unscheduled we propose a patient identikit to improve prioritization for htp prescriptions | MEDAL |
the pharmacokinetics of cefsulodin in the fluids of the ear and eye as well as in SS were studied T3 IM administration of and mgkg to eight CG of six guinea pigs a retention of CFS in the inner earsimilar to that of the aminoglycoside antibiotics was observed as the measured PL concentrations of cefsulodin and gentamicin are comparable on a weight for weight basis and as the clinical dosage of cefsulodin is much higher than that of gentamicin the perilymph concentrations of CFS reached in man are probably much higher than those of gentamicin the results obtained are compared to those of mezlocillin azlocillin and fosfomycin finally the importance of the CFS perilymph concentrations in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious inner ear complications due to the most common pathogens of COM as well as in the treatment of certain eye infections is discussed | MEDAL |
in single muscle SF from the giant barnacle a small decrease in muscle length decreases both the calcium activation and the peak isometric tension produced by a constant current stimulus the effect is most pronounced if the length NC immediately precedes the stimulation in some cases the decrease in tension with shortening can be accounted for almost entirely by a decrease in calcium PR rather than changes in mechanical factors such as filament geometry during the constant current stimulation the muscle membrane becomes more depolarized at longer muscle lengths than at the shorter muscle lengths under Vc clamp conditions when the membrane potential is kept constant during stimulation there is little length dependence of calcium release thus the effect of length on calcium PR is mediated through a change in membrane properties rather than an effect on a subsequent step in ECC stretch causes the unstimulated fiber membrane to depolarize by about l mv while PR causes the fiber membrane to hyperpolarize by about the same amount the process causing this change in potential has an equilibrium potential nearly mv HP from the resting level this NC in resting membrane potential with length may account for the length dependence of calcium PR | MEDAL |
icrf and edta derivative antitumor agent was given to patients with T3 GC in a weekly dose of mgm of the patients had failed prior drug therapies and were previously untreated no patient achieved an objective partial response actual response less than with confidence level one previously treated patient had a minor response lasting weeks and four patients three previously untreated had SD lasting weeks toxicity was acceptable consisting of mild nausea and moderate myelosuppression median survival T3 treatment was weeks in previously UT patients and weeks in PTPs we conclude thaalmol respectively for the cytoplasmic membrane of d salina the permeability at degrees c was found to be exceptionally low and only a lower limit p less than cms could be calculated at temperatures above degree c a NC in membrane permeability occurred leading to rapid leakage of glycerol accompanied by cell death the data reinforce the notion that the cytoplasmic membrane of dunaliella represents a genuine anomaly in its exceptional low permeability to glycerol | MEDAL |
to assess the role of IR in hypertensive patients active inactive and total renin concentrations arc irc and trc were measured in patients with hypertension of various etiologies inactive renin was G1 by TR and renin concentration was measured using an excess of sheep substrate mean values of arc irc trc and AS renin ratio ar ratio arctrc were higher in cases of renovascular hypertension and lower in cases of primary aldosteronism and case of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism when compared with cases of normal subjects between arc and irc a slightly positive correlation was observed moreover between arc and trc as well as between arc and ar ratio close positive correlations were observed exceptionally in a case of JGCT ar ratio was low in spite of the extremely high value of arc our data suggest that the increase in circulating AS renin is due to both the enhancement of the PR of renin from the kidney and the increase in the activation of inactive renin and vice versa | MEDAL |
MAS mas is a rare disease defined by the triad of fibrous dysplasia fd café au lait spots and peripheral precocious puberty pp because of the rarity of this disease only a few individuals with mas have been reported in korea we describe the various clinical and endocrine manifestations and genetic analysis of patients with mas in korea | MEDAL |
although it is widely accepted that the suprachiasmatic nuclei scn of the hypothalamus serve as biological pacemakers regulating circadian rhythmicity a number of studies suggest that some circadian rhythms may be controlled by extrascn structures transplantation of fetal anterior Thy tissue containing the scn restores circadian locomotor rhythms in scnlesioned hosts such transplants however contain substantial extrascn Thy tissue in the present T0 the authors examined the recovery of circadian locomotor rhythms in animals implanted with small grafts harvested by taking micropunches from vibratomesectioned brain slices micropunches were taken from three areas of the hypothalamus known to receive retinal input the scn the subparaventricular zone and the SO the results indicate that transplants restricted to the scn region are necessary and sufficient for restoration of circadian locomotor activity rhythms and that micropunches of tissues from other sources are ineffective | MEDAL |
ITC has been used to demonstrate that the heat profile associated with the binding of anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid ans with the acid induced MG state astate of alphalactalbumin alphala is different from that with the native and denatured states of the protein the results corroborate the spectroscopic observations that ans binds more strongly to the partially folded states of the protein compared to that with the native and denatured states ans binds to the astate of alphala at two independent binding sites that remain nearly the same in the temperature range of degrees c the number of moles of ans IB at site at degrees c is and remains nearly the same with rise in temperature however the number of moles of ans molecules IB at site show an increase from at degrees c to at degrees c the deviation of the slope of enthalpyentropy compensation plot from unity and nonadherence to vant hoff dictates implies that the IB CS on the astate of alphala for ans are not well defined and TPS rather these IB CS are formed due to greater SE of hydrophobic clusters in the astate of the protein the results for the first time demonstrate the use of isothermal titration calorimetry in characterizing the astate of alphala both qualitatively and quantitatively | MEDAL |
insight into the mechanisms by which dendritic cells dc present exogenous antigen to t cells is of L1 importance in the design of vaccines we examined the effectiveness of free antigen as well as antigen with lipopolysaccharide emulsified in complete freunds adjuvant and antigen encapsulated in liposomes in activating adoptively transferred antigenspecific cd and cd t cells when contained in liposomes to fold lower antigen amounts were as efficient in inducing proliferation and effector functions of cd and cd t cells in draining CL nodes as other antigen forms cdccdbcdmodcdalpha dc that captured liposomes were G1 and presented this form of antigen in an mhc class i and class iirestricted manner cd TA differentiated into th and th effector cells primary expansion and cytotoxic activity of ng to the minnesota code in black and white men and women aged to years who were initially free of chd and the use of specific cardiac medications the incidence of chd was ascertained through after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk AF the ecg findings that had the highest hazard rate ratios hrrs for incident chd when considered singly were left VVI hypertrophy with stt strain DP in white men hrr and in black women hrr and in the whole cohort major hrr and minor hrr st depression and L1 twave CA hrr statistically significant associations were also found in the whole cohort for minor q waves and left ventricular hypertrophy by the cornell definition but not for a prolonged qtc interval major VVI conduction defects or st elevation in conclusion several lead ecg findings were independently associated with incident chd in MA adults with only a few exceptions the associations were similar for blacks and whites | MEDAL |
group a betahemolytic streptococcal gabs hemorrhagic colitis due to streptococcus pyogenes is extremely rare and its association with hemolytic uremic syndrome hus in children has not been described we report a yearold white male who developed biopsyproven hus while continuing to have gabspositive bloody diarrhea renal CF deteriorated rapidly requiring IHD three months following discharge his renal CF is normal for age except for significant PU | MEDAL |
bacteriorhodopsin br which transports protons out of the cell in a lightdriven process is one of the beststudied energytransducing proteins however a consensus on the exact molecular mechanism has not been reached matters are complicated by two exp facts first recent results using br mutants brdt and the homologous protein sensory rhodopsin i demonstrate that the vectoriality of active proton transport may be reversed under AGA conditions second in brdt as well as in the rat halorhodopsin protons and chloride ions compete for transport eg the same molecule may transport either a positive or a negative ion to rationalize these results we propose a general model for ion translocation by bacterial rhodopsins which is mainly based on two assumptions first the isomerization state of the retinylidene moiety governs the accessibility of the SB in the protein eg alltrans anti and cisanti direct the SB to extracellular and cytoplasmic accessibility respectively but change in accessibility called the switch is a timedependent process in the millisecond time range a lightinduced change of the isomerization state induces not only a change in accessibility but also an ion transfer reaction second we propose that these two processes are kinetically independent eg that relative rate constants in a given molecule determine which process occurs first ultimately defining the vectoriality of active transport | MEDAL |
clinical and preclinical observations indicate that lactobacillus plantarum has antiinflammatory activity and may regulate the immune responses of its hosts when ingested recently modification of teichoic acids tas produced by l plantarum was reported as a key to regulating the SVR immune response in mice however data linking tarelated genetic determinants and the immunomodulatory effect are limited to provide genomic information for elucidating the underlying mechanism of immunomodulation by l plantarum we sequenced the genome of l plantarum strain ps | MEDAL |
in preparation for the progressive nature of todays acute care hospital environments and the requirements for safe and effective patient care it is essential that nursing students learn how to think critically problembased learning is a method of education designed to encourage CT this article examines the evidence regarding the use of problembased learning to improve CT a review of published literature was conducted using the cinahl eric psychinfo and pubmed databases with the keywords nursing problembased learning and critical thinking although the evidence is still accumulating the studies reviewed indicate a positive relationship between problembased learning and improved CT in nursing students there is a need for more rigorous research on the use of problembased learning to examine the effects on critical thinking until this occurs nursing instructors must rely on the extant evidence to guide their practice or continue to use the traditional model of clinical nursing education | MEDAL |
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas ipmns are potentially malignant intraductal epithelial neoplasms which consist of columnar mucincontaining cells and arise from the epithelium of the main PD or its branches ipmns as well as pancreatic IEL neoplasias panins and mucinous cystic neoplasms represent noninvasive precursors of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas the diagnosis of ipmns includes radiographic ct scanning mri mrcp and endoscopic evaluation ercp eus pet as well as serum tumor markers and molecular markers the sendai consensus guidelines help guide surgical resection for patients with ipmn the followup of these patients as well as of those who do not undergo surgical resection is of great importance since patients with ipmn appear to be at risk for other malignancies herein the authors summarize the data presented at the asco gastrointestinal cancers symposium regarding incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of ipmn abstracts and | MEDAL |
although interferon alpha ifnalpha is able to induce haematological remission in of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia cml in early CP L1 cytogenetic remissions are only achievable in recent clinical data suggest that the addition of granulocytemacrophage colonystimulating factor gmcsf to ifnalpha therapy can significantly improve the cytogenetic response in some patients although the mechanism remains unknown we hypothesized that the combination of gmcsf and ifnalpha induces the differentiation of dendritic cells which subsequently stimulates a TPS antileukaemic response monocytes from cml patients were cultured in gmcsf and interleukin il gmilor in gmcsf and ifnalpha gmifnalpha after d the number of cells exhibiting typical antigenpresenting cell apc morphology was equal in both CG and fluorescence in situ hybridization fish analysis confirmed that the apcs generated with gmifnalpha were of leukaemic origin phenotypically both sets of apcs expressed typical surface markers however cd cd cdc hlaabc and hladr expression was significantly higher in the gmifnalpha apcs whereas cda expression was significantly lower in MLRs mlr gmifnalpha apcs stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic TA significantly better than gmil apcs however both groups of apcs stimulated autologous tcell proliferation equally finally we assessed the ability of gmifnalpha apcs to induce a leukaemiaspecific cytotoxic tcell response some samples generated cytotoxic t lymphocytes ctls that specifically lysed bcrablpositive target cells these data show that the combination of gmcsf and ifnalpha when used in vitro induces the differentiation of malignant apcs with potent tcell stimulatory capacity although there is no in vivo evidence to support these findings it is possible that when administered to cml patients gmcsf in combination with ifnalpha results in the generation of highly stimulatory leukaemic apcs | MEDAL |
relaxation induced by BK is diminished by hypoxia in Epi coronary arteries the bradykinindegrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase nep ec is a potential target for coronary artery vasodilators in this T0 we examined the effect of thiorphan an inhibitor of nep on the tone of porcine isolatedere tested that addressed the impact of pro and antismoking messages on a variety of outcomes including participants intended behaviors evaluation of message sources and seeking of disconfirming information all the messages were created and delivered to th th and thgrade students via personal computers the pattern of results supports the theoretically derived hypotheses indicating that grade level and message type had a significant impact on the processing of tobaccorelated messages implications and suggestions for future tobacco prevention campaigns are discussed | MEDAL |
the presence of il in human cancers is associated with aggressive tumor biology but its prognostic value is unknown we studied whether ilα expression is a prognostic marker of distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc ilα mrna and protein levels were determined in tumor samples and CA cell lines using rtpcr and elisa the effects of constitutive ilα expression by tumor lines were characterized ilα mrna and protein secretion were higher in tumor samples from patients who later developed distant metastasis than in patients who did not by using distant metastasis as a dependent variable patients were classified into two categories of ilα transcriptlevels the highilα group had a significantly lower fiveyear distant metastasisfree survival than the lowilα group ci vs ci when ilα transcriptlevels were combined with clinical factors related to tumor meuction of robotic technology has given a L1 boost to the urologic surgery by expanding the indications of minimallyinvasive surgery the italian urological community has played a L1 role in this revolution by contributing to the development and dissemination of technological innovation in urology with several key publications stemming from this research the most important revolution has been observed in radical prostatectomy with robotic technology allowing to achieve better PET results nephronsparing surgery has also been expanded and leading italian centers are being involved in international research groups focused on these topics major impact has been observed for pyeloplasty where italy has been a leader in the field with the introduction of robotassisted singlesite technique in summary the advent of robotics has improved collaborations between italy and other countries with increased scientific activity continuous improvement of surgical techniques and effective training of young urologists | MEDAL |
insulin PR in response to dextranlinked pchloromercuribenzoic acid was studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of noninbred obobmice no contamination of the dextranlinked mercurial with free chloromercuribenzoic acid was detected before or T3 the incubation with islets in comparison with free mercurial of the same thiolblocking activity the dextranlinked compound had a weak insulinreleasing action with a different dose vs response relationship the dextranlinked mercurial had no demonstrable effect on the islet content of cAMP the results support the hypothesis that free organic mercurials mainly stimulate insulin release by blocking thiol ground that are embedded within the betacell PMs beneath their surfaces | MEDAL |
psychosis is common in latelife and exacts enormous costs to society affected individuals and their CGs a multitude of etiologies for latelife psychosis exist the two most prototypical being schizophrenia and psychosis of alzheimer disease ad as such this article focuses on the nonaffective NP causes of chronic psychosis in the elderly specifically schizophrenia delusional disorder and the psychosis of ad and other dementias | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the service satisfaction for families who have someone with mental illness and are using community mental health centers in gyeonggi province | MEDAL |
chronic kidney disease ckd constitutes an adverse risk factor in chronic anticoagulated atrial fibrillation af patients being related to adverse cardiovascular events mortality and major bleeds it is unclear if ckd adds independent prognostic information to stroke risk stratification schemes as the risk factor components of the chads and chadsvasc scores are themselves related to renal dysfunction the aim of our T0 was to determine if ckd independently improves the predictive value of the chads and chadsvasc stroke stratification scores in af we recruited consecutive patients n patients male median age with permanent or paroxysmal af on oral anticoagulants with acenocoumarol from our OP AC clinic T3 a median followup of iqr days we recorded stroketransient ischaemic attack tia IP embolism V1 events acute coronary syndrome AHF and CD and allcause mortality during followup patients year experienced an adverse cardiovascular event of which year were strokes year had an acute coronary syndrome and year had acute HR failure also patients year died during the following up of them year as a result of a thrombotic event based on cstatistics and the integrated discrimination improvement idi ckd did not improve the prediction for strokesystemic embolism thrombotic events and allcause mortality using the chads and chadsvasc scores in conclusion evaluating renal CF in af patients is important as ckd would confer a poor overall prognosis in terms of thromboembolic events and allcause mortality adding ckd to the chads and chadsvasc stroke risk scores did not independently add predictive information | MEDAL |
autoimmune diseases can cause various kinds of lungabetes mellitus type these techniques are aggressive due to drastic changes in the nutrient flow and nonreversible modifications on the digestive tube in this paper we present the effects of a massive intestinal resection on the pancreas results have shown that short bowel technique is less aggressive to normal anatomy and physiology of the intestinal tract than gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion eg in this paper we reproduce a MM of SBS sic with similar surgical conditions and clinical complications as seen in human cases this work was conducted on NW rats with no other concurrent AF in order to determine the effects on normal pancreas islets we measured pancreatic implications by histomorphometric studies which included betacell mass by immunocytochemistry and apoptosisproliferation test with tunel technique and ki briefly we reported on an increased relative area of the islets of the pancreas as well as an increase in the average size of islets in the sic versus the control group furthermore we stated that this increase in size of the pancreatic islets is due to the mechanisms of proliferation of beta cells in animals undergoing sic these goals could reveal a direct influence of surgical modification of the digestive tract over the pancreatic beta cell homeostasis in this sense there are many potential stimulators of intestinal adaptation including peptide hormones and growth components which are associated or involved as effectors of the endocrine pancreas | MEDAL |
in this contribution the OD of a new class of vasodilating EDC obtained by lead structure optimization is described three groups of EDC were synthesized and tested for their activity on various smooth muscle S9 of the guinea pig beside the lead compound a the most interesting derivative was himidazolecarbothioic acid ocyclohexyl ester hydrochloride b with a good selective vasodilating potential on aorta and pulmonary artery rings ec μm and μm respectively due to the properties of small molecules the hydrolysis SMB of the compounds can be easily adapted hence opening a new route in terms of duration of the agents effect with the aid of structureactivity relationship studies structural motifs influencing the biological activity on isolated smooth muscle cell p and wkold nondiabetic dbm and diabetic dbdb mice to examine the role of gsls in dn cerebrosides or monoglycosylated gsls hexosylceramides hexcers glucosyl and galactosylceramides and lactosylceramide laccers were elevated in dbdb mouse kidney cortices specifically in glomeruli and also in urine in our recent paper we observed that the kidneys exhibited glomerular hypertrophy and PT tubular vacuolization and increased fibrosis markers at these time points mesangial cells contribute to hyperglycemiainduced glomerular hypertrophy in dn hyperglycemic culture conditions similar to that present in diabetes were sufficient to elevate MC hexcers and increase markers of fibrosis ECM and cellular hypertrophy inhibition of GCS or lowering glucose levels decreased markers of fibrosis and ECM and reversed mesangial cell hypertrophy HG increased phosphorylated psmad and pakt C2 and reduced phosphatase and tensin homolog levels which were reversed with GCS inhibition these data suggest that inhibition of GCS reversed MC hypertrophy through decreased pakt and psmad and increased pathways responsible for protein Kd importantly urinary gsl C2 were higher in patients with dn compared with healthy control subjects implicating a role for these lipids in human dn thus hyperglycemia in type ii diabetes leads to renal dysfunction at least in part by inducing accumulation of hexcers and laccers in mesangial cells resulting in fibrosis extracellular matrix production and hypertrophy | MEDAL |
bariumgadoliniumtitanate bagd ti o powder ceramics doped with rareearth ions eu and tb were synthesized by a solidstate reaction method from the xray diffraction spectrum it was observed that eu and tbbagd ti o powder ceramics are crystallized in the form of an orthorhombic structure scanning electron microscopy image shows that the particles are agglomerated and the particle size is about nm eu and tb doped bagd ti o powder ceramics were examined by SE dispersive xray analysis fourier transform infrared spectroscopy photoluminescence and thermoluminescence tl specof which remains suboptimal we evaluated petct imaging with a novel tracer gacitrate in this setting | MEDAL |
longterm PD pd is limited by morphological changes of the peritoneal membrane structural changes were promoted by toxicity of glucose Kd products gdps which are generated during heat sterilization in PDFs pdfs besides their direct toxicity gdps promote formation of advanced glycation endproducts ages rage receptor foin mice immunized with dcaxcagpgmcsfil was significantly higher than that in mice immunized with dcaxcagp p and this activity decreased to almost upon the SD of nk cells vaccinations using dcaxcagpgmcsfil or dcaxcagpil could elicit potent therapeutic immunity in sc RT models tumorfree mice were observed in these vaccination CG however there was no significant difference between these two groups a vaccination therapy using dcs cotransduced with the taa gene and th type cytokine genes especially the il gene is ideal for immunotherapy in terms of the activation of dcs nk cells cd TA and cd TA and may be useful in the clinical application of a cancer vaccine therapy | MEDAL |
discretizing an analytic CF on a uniform realspace grid is often done via a straightforward collocation method this is ubiquitous in all Az of computational physics and quantum chemistry an example in DFT dft is given by the external potential or the pseudopotential describing the interaction between ions and electrons the accuracy of the collocation method used is therefore very important for the reliability of subsequent treatments like selfconsistent field solutions of the electronic structure problems by construction the collocation method introduces numerical artifacts typical of realspace treatments like the socalled eggbox error which may spoil the numerical stability of the description when the realspace grid is too coarse as the external potential is an input of the problem even a highly precise computational treatment cannot cope this inconvenience we present in this paper a new quadrature scheme that is able to exactly preserve the moments of a given analytic function even for large grid spacings while reconciling with the traditional collocation method when the grid spacing is small enough in the context of realspace electronic structure calculations we show that this method improves considerably the stability of the results for C1 grid spacings opening up the path towards reliable lowaccuracy dft calculations with a reduced number of degrees of freedom | MEDAL |
pharmacologically attainable concentrations of ascorbic acid are highly toxic for u cells a HL-60 cell L1 and this response appears to be mediated by ho this inference finds experimental support in the following observations toxic levels of ho are readily generated upon dissolution of survivalrange concentrations of ascorbic acid in the culture medium the lethal effects elicited by ascorbic acid or reagent ho are prevented by the addition of either catalase or the intracellular iron chelator ophenanthroline and are characterized by similar temporal dependence u cells resistant to hydrogen peroxide are crossresistant to ascorbic acid under the conditions utilized in this T0 ho and ascorbate promote similar modes of cell death ie CN and cell killing provoked by ho or ascorbate is an inverse function of cell density and is suppressed by coculturing u target cells with human erythrocytes at a density far below that present in the blood and human fibroblasts cytoprotection was not observed using catalasedepleted erythrocytes taken together these results strongly suggest that ho is entirely responsible for the ascorbateinduced u cell killing we therefore propose that it is unlikely that the vitamin damages or kills tumor cells of normal tissues in vivo via the ho based mechanism because the oxidant would be removed promptly by the neighboring cells | MEDAL |
furfural is one of the L1 inhibitors generated during sugar production from cellulosic materials and as an aldehyde inhibits various AAA of microorganisms used leading to prolonged lag time during ethanologenic fermentation since saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tolerant to furfural are of great economic benefit in producing bioethanol much effort to obtain more efficient strains continues to be made in this study we examined the furfural tolerance of transposon mutant strains tn with enhanced ethanol tolerance and found that one of them tn in which ssk is downregulated at the transcriptional level displayed improved furfural tolerance such phenotype was abolished by complementation of the entire open reading frame of ssk which encodes a MAP map kinase kinase kinase of the high osmolarity glycerol hog signaling pathway suggesting an GABA effect of ssk in coping with furfural AS tn showed a significant decrease in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species ros and early and high activation of hogp a map kinase integral to the hog pathway in response to furfural the transcriptional C2 of ctt and glr two of known hogp downstream target genes whose protein products are involved in reducing ros were increased by and respectively compared with a control strain probably resulting in the ros decrease tn also showed a shortened lag time during fermentation in the presence of furfural resulting from efficient conversion of furfural to nontoxic or less toxic furfuryl alcohol taken together the enhanced furfural tolerance of tn is suggested to be conferred by the combined effect of an early event of less ros accumulation and a late event of efficient detoxification of furfural | MEDAL |
hyperglycaemic emergencies are associated with significant morbimortality and healthcare costs management consists on fluid replacement insulin therapy and electrolyte correction however some areas of patient management remain debatable in patients without respiratory failure or haemodynamic instability arterial and venous ph and bicarbonate measurements are comparable fluid choice varies upon replenishment phase and patients condition if patient is severely hypovolaemic normal saline solution should be the first option however if patient has mildmoderate dehydration fluid choice must take in consideration sodium concentration insulin therapy should be guided by βhydroxybutyrate normalization and not by blood glucose variations of conventional insulin infusion protocols emerged recently priming dose of insulin may not be required and fixed rate insulin infusion represents the best option to suppress hepatic glucose production ketogenesis and lipolysis concomitant administration of basal insulin analogues with RI infusion accelerates ketoacidosis resolution and prevents rebound hyperglycaemia simpler protocols using subcutaneous rapidacting insulin analogues for mildmoderate diabetic ketoacidosis treatment have proven to be safe and ERP but further studies are required to confirm these results treatment with bicarbonate phosphate and lowmolecularweight heparin is still disputable and randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to optimize patient management and decrease the morbimortality of hyperglycaemic emergencies | MEDAL |
among a cohort of infants perinatally INF with human immunodeficiency virus type and their mothers we correlated infant outcome with material cd lymphocyte count and the presence of maternal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome near delivery in a subset of motherinfant pairs we also correlated infant outcome with maternal quantitative viral burden as measured by the nucleic acid sequence based amplification system we found that low maternal cd RCC and high viral burden were associated with decreased time to category c disease or death in infants INF with human immunodeficiency virus type in a MVA high maternal viral load and maternal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were independently associated with shorter time to category c disease or death in infants with HIV-1 infection high viral load in pregnant women independent of the presence of T3 maternal disease appears to increase the risk of rapidly progressive disease in their INF F1 | MEDAL |
horton temporal arteritis or gigantocellular arteritis is a panarteritis involving the midsize and C1 arteries in particular the temporal surface i.a. this pathology is normally found in the elderly particularly females it can be manifest with some typical PS ie cephalea fever visual disorders even leading to blindness mandibular claudication high esr moderate anemia there may be aspecific atypical signs ie only cephalea and fever or widespread myalgia and artralgia or it may arise following a cerebrovascular accident treatment of this form of arteritis is based on the use of high doses of corticosteroids over a long period of time at least years the present work describes a surgical technique for biopsying the TA the technique consists of withdrawal of a segment of the i.a. from the main branch and the FC CB of the temporal surface artery since this form of arteritis often presents segmentary lesions it is advisable to take a cm sample so as to prevent false negatives this simple surgical procedure can be performed under local anesthesia and is practically complicationfree the authors then discuss the indications for TAB and report clinical cases case no is an example of the CP manifestation while cases no and are atypical aspecific forms since both the classical and atypical forms of gigantocellular arteritis require high doses of corticosteriods over a long period of time the temporal artery biopsy procedure is highly useful in formulating an accurate diagnosis the well known side effects to LT cortisone use make it necessary to use all the available instruments in making the correct diagnosis bilateral biopsy can be performed in those cases where the first biopsy proved negative but gigantocellular arteritis is still suspected | MEDAL |
we investigated the effects of resistance exercise combined with essential amino acid supplementation on psoas major muscle pmm hypertrophy and walking ability in elderly individuals twentynine healthy elderly individuals were assigned to CG e exercise a exercise combined with g of essential amino acid supplementation and a exercise combined with g of essential amino acid supplementation to evaluate walking ability the participants underwent the following types of tests the meter walk w meter walk involving crossing of obstacles w o and minute walk mw tests the month training program resulted in significant pmm hypertrophy in all CG independent of CAA supplementation the extent of hypertrophy in the participants who took amino acids was dosedependent although the differences were not significant groups a and a demonstrated improvements in the w and w o tests whereas no improvement was observed in group e regardless of pmm hypertrophy furthermore group a showed an improvement in the mw test these results suggest that our training program causes pmm hypertrophy whereas the training program combined with essential amino acid supplementation improves walking ability | MEDAL |
the quadriceps femoris qf and tibialis anterior ta muscles are often activated through the use of electrical stimulation by PCS therapists these muscles are fundamentally different in regard to their fibertype composition whether protocols developed using a given muscle can be applied to another muscle has seldom been questioned even if they differ in fiber type the purpose of this T0 was to test the hypothesis that torque augmentation during variablefrequency train vft stimulation as compared with constantfrequency train cft stimulation in the fatigued state would not differ between these muscles even though the ta muscle has relatively more slow SF than the qf muscle relative to each muscles overall composition | MEDAL |
CF syndrome cfs patients have a urinary metabolite labeled cfsum with increased incidence p and relative abundance p the relative abundances of urinary cfsum and betaalanine were associated with alterations in metabolite excretion and symptom incidence in cfs patients and noncfs subjects symptommetabolite associations were investigated by assessing symptom sensitivity and specificity and symptom indices of total symptom incidence cfs core symptoms cognitive neurological MSK gastrointestinal infectionrelated and genitourinary symptom indices as well as a visual analogue pain scale of average pain intensity need for greater outreach efforts | MEDAL |
formin confers actin nucleation by generating long stretches of actin microfilaments to support cell movement cell shape and intracellular protein trafficking formin is likely involved in microtubule mt dynamics due to the presence of a mt binding domain near its n terminus here formin was shown to structurally interact with αtubulin the building block of mt and also endbinding protein a mt plus endbinding protein that stabilizes mt in the testis knockdown of formin in sertoli cells with an established tight junction barrier was found to induce downregulation of detyrosinated mt a stabilized form of mt and disorganization of mts in which mts were retracted from the cell cortical zone mediated through a loss of mt polymerization and downregulation of akt signaling kinase an efficient knockdown of formin in the testis reduced the number of tracklike structures conferred by mts and factin considerably causing defects in spermatid and phagosome transport across the seminiferous epithelium in summary formin maintains mt and factin tracklike structures to support spermatid and phagosome transport across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis | MEDAL |
extralobar pulmonary sequestration was found in a P0 premature infant that presented with nonimmune hydrops fetalis massive BL hydrothorax and polyhydramnios in utero the baby died of severe respiratory insufficiency h after birth postmortem examination revealed distended lymphatic vessels in the sequestered lung tissue probably due to impeded lymph drainage we suggest that not ELS itself but a subsequent massive unilateral hydrothorax due to severe one of CL drainage was the cause of the nonimmune hydrops fetalis pulmonary hypoplasia and polyhydramnios if these symptoms are diagnosed before delivery a search for ELS is indicated | MEDAL |
pathways mediated by p and rb are frequently altered in aggressive human cancers including prostate carcinoma to test directly the roles of p and rb in prostate carcinogenesis we have conditionally inactivated these genes in the prostate epithelium of the mouse inactivation of either p or rb leads to PIN developing from the luminal epithelium by days of age in contrast inactivation of both genes results in rapidly developing median survival days carcinomas showing both luminal epithelial and NE differentiation the resulting neoplasms are highly metastatic resistant to androgen depletion from the early stage of OD and marked with multiple gene expression signatures commonly found in PC-3 carcinomas interestingly gains at qc and qd and loss at qaqd have been consistently found by comparative genomic hybridization these loci contain such human cancerrelated genes as nfib lmyc and nkx respectively our studies show a critical role for p and rb deficiency in prostate carcinogenesis and identify likely secondary genetic alterations the new genetically defined MM should be particularly valuable for providing new molecular insights into the pathogenesis of human prostate CA | MEDAL |
an impaired ability to regulate microglia activation by fractalkine cxcl leads to microglia chronic subactivation how this condition affects outcome T3 acute brain injury is still debated with studies showing contrasting results depending on the timing and the brain pathology here we investigated the early and delayed consequences of fractalkine receptor X4 deletion on neurological outcome and on the phenotypical features of the myeloid cells present in the lesions of mice with traumatic BB injury tbi wild type wt and cxcr cbl mice were subjected to sham or controlled cortical impact brain injury outcome was assessed at days and weeks after tbi by neuroscore neuronal count and terminal deoxynucleotidyl GOT dutp nick end labeling tunel staining compared with wt mice cxcr tbi mice showed a significant reduction of sensorimotor deficits and lower cellular damage in the injured cortex days posttbi conversely at weeks they showed a worsening of sensorimotor deficits and pericontusional cell death microglia m and macrophage μ activation and polarization were assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry for cdb cd ym and inducible nitric oxide synthase inosmarkers of mμ activation phagocytosis m and m phenotypes respectively morphological analysis revealed a decreased area and perimeter of cdb cells in X4 mice at days posttbi whereas at weeks both parameters were significantly higher compared with wt mice at days X4 mice showed significantly decreased cd and inos immunoreactivity while at weeks postinjury they showed a selective increase of inos gene expression on cdb sorted cells revealed an increase of interleukin and insulinlike growth factor igf at day and a decrease of igf days and weeks posttbi in cxcr compared with wt mice these data show an early protection followed by a chronic exacerbation of tbi outcome in the absence of X4 thus longitudinal effects of myeloid cell manipulation at different stages of pathology should be investigated to understand how and when their modulation may offer therapeutic chances | MEDAL |
to evaluate the gingival margin position gmp before and T3 open flap debridement in different gingival thickness gt | MEDAL |
sutures were implanted in the abdominal wall muscles of rabbits and specimens recovered at intervals from six month to five years tissue reaction around nylon and dacron was minimal the reaction of teflon coated dacron was increased because of shedding of the teflon the PP sutures showed fragmentation in of the sutures examined and the perisutural formation of bone cartilage or both in | MEDAL |
small heat shock proteins shsps are produced ubiquitously in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells upon heat the special importance of shsps in plants is suggested by unusual abundance and diversity six classes of shsps have been identified in plants based on their intracellular localization and CS relatedness in addition to HS plant shsps are also produced under other stress conditions and at certain developmental stages induction of shsp gene expression and protein accumulation upon environmental stresses point to the hypothesis that these proteins play an important role in AS tolerance the CF of shsps as molecular chaperones is supported by in vitro and in vivo assays this review summarizes recent knowledge about plant shsp gene expression protein structure and functioeural pathways and neuropharmacologic mediators of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and gastric dysmotility require further T0 the role of anatomic malformations such as hiatal hernia in children has been underestimated while therapeutic possibilities are greater in number and largely improved the outcomes of some treatments are far from satisfactory in many cases in addition to OD of new forms of treatment research should address better use of currently available medical and surgical treatments | MEDAL |
hormonal changes occurring during electrocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion under neuroleptanalgesia and the effects of i.v. of pindolol mg on these changes were investigated in two groups of and patients of advanced age at the end of the T0 there were marked increases of the concentrations of CAs a rise of the plasma cortisol and a fall of the serum insulin the administration of the betaadrenergic blocking agent did not induce any statistically significant changes of the determined hormones compared to the control group | MEDAL |
type endoleak tel is the achilles heel of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair experience with transealing an alternative technique for the treatment of tels is described | MEDAL |
it is reported a case of longterm HD disease treated with several courses of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and complicated with acute myeloblastic leukemia authors discuss the responsability of treatment IS viral infections levamizole and genetic factor | MEDAL |
in an open noncomparative CT with the aim of evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of a day course of g ceftriaxone once daily patients with NB were entered at the infectious diseases teaching hospital in prague in patients the diagnosis was early lyme neuroborreliosis seven patients suffered from late stage disease clinical results were of patients cured at the end of treatment and after months in early stage disease in late stage disease two patients out of seven were cured and four had improved T3 months one patient died because of cardiac infarction in no patient had treatment to be discontinued because of adverse reactions to antibiotics | MEDAL |
the results of the college of american pathologists skokie iii microbiology surveys from through indicate subscriber laboratories have continued to improve their ability to identify and test the antimicrobial susceptibility of neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteriology and comprehensive surveys participants correctly identified this organism more frequently to than did the basic surveys laboratories neisseria gonorrhoeae samples in mixed cultures were slightly more difficult to decreased accuracy to identify AST by the diskdiffusion and betalactamase tests were more accurate to than minimum GABA concentrationdilution methods currently most laboratories use the commercially prepared betalactamase reagents and the diskdiffusion test the national committee for clinical laboratory standards is currently standardizing methods for the susceptibility testing of several antibiotics against GC the college of american pathologists microbiology surveys will continue to monitor participant accuracy for the ID and resistance recognition of this epidemiologically important pathogen | MEDAL |
leukocyte adhesion deficiency type i lad i is characterized by recurrent and fatal bacterial infections and caused by the mutation of the cd gene a monthold infant whose UC separated at day of life had sepsis complicated OM and neutrophilia molecular analysis showed homozygous intron g a in the cd gene resulting in three splicing transcriptions that inserted end of intron and whole intron nucleotides into the th amino acid of ile and stopped at the th inserted and nucleotides and the th inserted nucleotides respectively the two truncated mutations lost cysteinerich transmembrane and cytoplasma domains increased susceptibility to infections correlated to polymorphonuclear cell dysfunction including absent expression of adhesion molecule cdbcd impaired chemotaxis and decreased phagocytosis both his heterozygous parents revealed nonrandom skewing only to the wild type the skewing DP and severe phenotype make stem cell transplantation an optimal option | MEDAL |
volume and pressure characteristics as a measure of reservoir function were studied in three patient CG greater than year after gastrectomy for CA one group with straight rouxeny esophagojejunostomy one with an sshaped gastric substitute T3 total gastrectomy and the third group with subtotal gastrectomy a C1 latex balloon was introduced into the proximal jejunum gastric substitute or gastric remnant and then filled with water at a constant slow rate the maximal volume capacity was ml at basal pressure cmho in the remnant after subtotal gastrectomy and ml at cm in the gastric substitute but only ml at basal pressure cmho in the proximal roux limb of the straight esophagojejunostomy maximal basal pressure and maximal pressure amplitudes throughout the T0 period were significantly higher in the patients with straight RY esophagojejunostomy the results suggest that a gastric substitute constructed as an sshaped pouch is characterized by pressure and volume typical of a LP reservoir similar to that achieved by leaving the proximal part of the stomach intact | MEDAL |
this study was designed to determine if the addition of androgens at ovarian follicular fluid ff concentrations to oocyte maturation media would alter the development and sex ratio of bovine embryos to maximize hormone BA oil was removed and glass culture dishes were used during in vitro maturation ivm phase this modified system was then used in the present experiment along with the standard ivm system utilizing plastic containers and incubation under oil ethanol was the vector for steroid hormone delivery oocytes were incubated for h in the presence of two doses low and high of androstenedione a or testosterone t the doses were based on the concentrations of both androgens in preovulatory bovine follicles a and ngml t and ngml the results of hormone assays indicated that BA of steroid hormones remained relatively constant regardless of the ivm system used the plasticware with the addition of t resulted in significantly higher cleavage rates ± than any other combination of treatments plasticwareÃa ± glasswareÃt ± and glasswareÃa ± the blastocyst formation rate for the plasticwareÃt treatment ± was significantly greater than for all other combinations glasswareÃt ± glasswareÃa ± and plasticwareÃa ± and the low dose of t ± resulted in higher p blastocyst formation rates than all other treatments t high dose ± a high dose ± and a low dose ± the proportion of male embryos was greater p in plastic than glass dishes in the lowdose a group ± vs ± plasticware vs glassware respectively and it tended to be greater p in the control CG and highdose a group but not in the t CG there was a moderate positive correlation between blastocyst formation rates across all treatment and control groups and the percentage of male bovine embryos r p in summary specific combinations of androgen and glasswareplasticware treatments did alter early bovine embryo development and sex ratio the addition of t to ivm media increased the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates in plasticware and may be employed to improve the efficiency of the standard in vitro embryo production systems androstenedione appeared to enhance whereas testosterone nullified the deviation in SR profemaleness associated with the use of glass ivm dishes | MEDAL |
in our modern society hyperuricemia is one of the most frequent metabolism disturbances so far every fourth man and every tenth woman suffer from an asymptomatic or a symptomatic hyperuricemia named gout mostly over nutrition and malnutrition as well as other secondary AF with a genetically determined renal secretion disturbance of uric acid lead to an increase of serum uric acid by deposition of UA crystals in tissues with intermittent immunologic activation of inflammation cells a manifestation of gout can be seen the clinical image of gout varies widely it may manifest as acute or chronic arthritis tophi on the skin subcutaneous tissue and the skeletal system as well as urate nephropathy to eliminate the consequences of hyperuricemia in the long term apart from a thorough anamnesis of nutritional habits a GA examination of metabolic parameters is necessary to exclude a metabolic syndrome and other causes for a secondarily caused hyperuricemia as gout is very often primarily caused by a renal secretion disturbance of uric acid special diagnostics should be done basing on literature research and inclusion of experts opinions this article represents the therapeutically options in treatment of hyperuricemia and gout with their resulting side effects and contraindications | MEDAL |
fate of radium ra in liquid regeneration brine wastes from water softeners disposed to septic tanks in the new jersey coastal plain was studied before treatment combined ra ra plus ra concentrations maximum bq l exceeded the bq l MCL in of studied domesticwell waters median ph at the water table downgradient from leachfields combined ra concentrations were low commonly or bq l when ph was indicating sequestration when ph was or acidic concentrations were elevated maximum bq l greater than concentrations in corresponding discharged septictank effluents maximum bq l indicating ra mobilization from leachfield sediments confidence in quantification of ra mass balance was reduced by study design limitations including synoptic sampling of effluents and ground waters and C1 uncertainties associated with analytical methods the trend of ra mobilization in acidic environments does match observations from regional waterquality assessments | MEDAL |
phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase pipk catalyzes the synthesis of pibisphosphate ptdinsp by phosphorylation of piphosphate at the position of the Ins ring and is involved in regulating multiple developmental processes and AS responses we here report on the PET characterization of arabidopsis pipk which is expressed during lateral root initiation and elongation and whose expression is enhanced by exogenous auxin the knockout mutant pipk shows reduced lateral root formation which could be recovered with exogenous auxin and interestingly delayed root gravity response that could not be recovered with exogenous auxin crossing with the drgus marker line and measurement of free iaa content confirmed the reduced auxin accumulation in pipk in addition analysis using the membraneselective dye fm revealed the decelerated vesicle trafficking caused by ptdinsp reduction which hence results in suppressed cycling of pin proteins pin and and delayed redistribution of pin and auxin under gravistimulation in pipk roots on the contrary ptdinsp significantly enhanced the vesicle trafficking and cycling of pin proteins these results demonstrate that pipk is involved in regulating lateral root formation and root gravity response and reveal a critical role of pipkptdinsp in root OD through regulation of pin proteins providing direct evidence of crosstalk between the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and auxin response and new insights into the control of polar auxin transport | MEDAL |
two patients with CGL have been studied at rest and during and after longterm exercise at different carefully measured work loads the two patients represented different stages of diabetes development both patients derived most of their SE used during muscular exercise from carbohydrate and comparatively little from fat ffa levels remained low throughout the period of observation in contrast to normal individuals and patients with juvinile diabetes the data presented seem to show that deposition of gl and free fatty acids ffa as triglyceride must be impaired and are not compatible with the concept of increased triglyceride turnover in the adipocytes the fall in blood glucose concentration bcg was less than in normal individuals and juvenile diabetes during exercise and the glucose tolerance remained unchanged following work stop in both patients kvalues unchanged in contrast to normal persons and patients with juvenile diabetes both patients showed significant falls in circulating IRI iri C2 during exercise irrespective of a rise or fall in bgc thus the exercise itself might activate endogenous mechanisms which could on the one hand increase the circulating bgc and at the same time force circulating iri to decrease thus disturbing the wellknown relationship between circulating gl and iri C2 as has been exhibited in normal subjects the high iri levels also during exercise in these patients indicate a relative insulin resistance in the muscles but less marked than the insulin resistance in the adipose tissue the iri response T3 glucose infusion did not NC significantly with increasing work loads with one exception exercose did not alter significantly the human growth hormone hgh levels in either the diabetic or the nondiabetic patient indicating an abnormal regulation of the hgh secretion in congenital lipodystrophy | MEDAL |
we performed the present studies to determine whether a proximal renal tubular dopamine dlike receptor defect exists in human essential hypertension twentyfour subjects were studied normotensive and hypertensive in a randomized doubleblind vehiclecontrolled study using fenoldopam a selective dlike receptor agonist subjects were studied in sodium metabolic balance at meqd after which the salt sensitivity of their blood pressure was determined fenoldopam at peak doses of to microgramkg per minute decreased MAP pressure in hypertensive subjects but did not change mean pressure in normotensive subjects fenoldopam increased renal plasma flow to a greater extent in hypertensive than NT fenoldopam increased both urinary and fractional sodium excretions in the hypertensive and normotensive CG in normotensive but not HT fenoldopam increased the FE of lithium and distal sodium delivery in contrast both distal fractional sodium reabsorption and Na/K exchange fell significantly in hypertensive subjects we conclude that human essential hypertension is associated with a reduction in the proximal tubular response to dlike receptor stimulation compared with NT hypertensive subjects appear to have a compensatory upregulation of renal V1 and distal tubular dlre frequent | MEDAL |
mental schemas provide a framework into which new information can easily be integrated in a series of experiments we examined how incongruence that stems from a PE modulates memory for multicomponent events that instantiated preexisting schemas as noted in a previous study each event consisted of four CS- pairs with overlapping components presented in four blocks ab bc cd da ab pairs elicited contextual expectations a farm b tractor that were either met by a congruent c component c farmer or violated by an incongruent one c lawyer the baseline condition included unrelated pairs where the c component was neither congruent nor incongruent in experiment events were presented in successive trials instead of blocks and eye movements were recorded to analyze allocation of attention SM was tested through oldnew item recognition followed by cued recall across experiments recognition and recall performance for incongruent components was reduced compared to congruent components incongruent items were in some cases more accurately retrieved compared to unrelated ones depending on task demands additionally better recall was observed in the incongruent da pairs compared to congruent and unrelated ones because of reduced interference from c components eyetracking revealed an increased number of fixations on c components in the incongruent and unrelated conditions these results suggest that the integration of incongruent items into an episode is impaired compared to congruent items despite the contextual surprise and increased attention they elicited at encoding however there was a beneficial effect of prediction error on memory performance compared to a baseline depending on the task used | MEDAL |
TP is a common finding in subjects with chronic liver diseases a variety of mechanisms may underlie this immunological disturbances are commonly a feature in chronic CL disease including hyperglobulinaemia and the presence of autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes and immune mechanisms could therefore contribute to thrombocytopenia we have investigated the relationships between blood platelet count serum igg and igg immune complexes and igg associated with platelets in subjects with chronic MLD with chronic active SH with PBC and with alcoholic liver disease severity of liver impairment was a L1 determinant of degree of TP also an inverse relationship was demonstrated between platelet count and plateletassociated igg in subjects with chronic active hepatitis the relationships between platelet count serum igg immune complexes and plateletassociated igg were consistent with a role for immune mechanisms in GA and immune complexes in particular as mediators of the thrombocytopenia | MEDAL |
the purpose of this paper is to describe the technique of closing an open myelomeningocele in the newborn infant | MEDAL |
previous studies have suggested that allografting peripheral sympathetic ganglia such as SCG partially relieves clinical or behavioral deficits in PP and animals however removal of these ganglia can cause homers syndrome which limits the utilization of this RPA hyperhidrosis a disease of excessive sweating is commonly seen in young orientals treatment of hyperhidrosis often involves surgical removal of the T2 sympathetic ganglia tg which contain CA neurons the purpose of our T0 was to investigate behavioral responses and tyrosine hydroxylase th immunoreactivity in hemiparkinsonian rats at different time points after transplantation of human tg from hyperhidrotic patients athymic fisher rats were injected unilaterally with hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle to destroy the NS DA da pathway the effectiveness of lesions was tested by measuring methamphetamine mainduced rotations these unilaterally lesioned rats were later Tx with tg or t fiber tract tf obtained from AD hyperhidrotic patients animals grafted with tg showed a reduction in mainduced rotation by weeks however rotation returned to the pregrafting levels by months animals receiving tf grafts did not show any reduction of rotation over a month period animals were later sacrificed for th IS at different time points IMT hydroxylasepositive th cell HB and fibers were found in the lesioned striatum weeks T3 tg grafting suggesting the survival of transplants two to months after grafting th fibers were still found in almost all the recipients however th cell bodies were found in only three of seven rats studied animals receiving tf grafting did not show any th immunoreactivity in the lesioned striatum over the month period these data indicate that tg transplants from adult hyperhidrotic patients can survive and provide transient normalization of the motor SMB in the hemiparkinsonian athymic rats because of the shortterm improvement in SMB T3 grafting the use of tg in human trials should be cautious at the present time further laboratory research is required | MEDAL |
cellular retinaldehyde binding protein cralbp is present in müller glia and in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium but we have recently observed cralbplike immunoreactivity near the inner limiting membrane in the newborn mouse retina the present T0 has examined whether this protein is present in developing retinal astrocytes retinal tissue was collected at various embryonic and PN ages and in adulthood tissue for immunohistochemistry was fixed by immersion in paraformaldehyde and immunostained using rb polyclonal antisera to cralbp or glial fibrillary acidic protein gfap while fresh tissue was homogenized for western analysis specificity of the antiserum for the kda protein was shown in retinal homogenates by immunoblotting with expression of the protein increasing steadily from e through adulthood immunostaining of sections from fetal eyecups revealed faint labeling of cells in the optic nerve with progressive migration of cralbpimmunoreactive cells into the retina at the inner limiting membrane during the perinatal period by the day of birth these cells were intensely immunoreactive showing a morphology characteristic of migrating astrocytes these cralbpimmunoreactive cells mimicked the progressive infiltration of gfappositive astrocytes which are known to migrate into the retina from the optic nerve head many of which were doublelabeled with gfap their CSD across the retina is distinct from that of the lighterstaining müller glial somata during these stages and they are not misidentified müller glial endfeet astrocytes are only transiently cralbpimmunoreactive no longer containing the protein T3 the second PN week preincubation of the antiserum with purified cralbp abolished all staining of astrocytes coupled with the fact that only a single approximately kda molecular weight protein is labeled by the antiserum it was concluded that retinal astrocytes contain cralbp during a limited period of OD | MEDAL |
since malignant tumors utilize more glucose than normal tissues tumor uptake and autoradiographic imaging studies using the clabeled glucose analog deoxyglucose dg provide a useful preclinical system to determine if similar human tumors will image in vivo with positron emission tomography pet using flabeled dg fdgpet we studied b murine melanomas of increasing metastatic potential f low bl intermediate f high as a feasibility T0 to determine the potential for human melanoma imaging using fdgpet male cbl mice g were implanted sc with mm fragments of b melanomas fourteen days later mice were injected ip with muci of cdg sixty T2 later RT t and gastrocnemius muscle m were harvested solubilized and counted for cdg dpmmg to estimate glucose utilization ARG imaging was carried out similarly using muci or cdg with day exposure of t and m tissue sections microns thick to xray film the uptake of cdg expressed as dpmmg injected doseg and tumortomuscle uptake ratios was to times higher in tumors than in muscle tissue p less than all three melanoma cell lines imaged successfully with cdg ARG RT uptake of cdg did not correlate with increasing metastatic potential the experimental b murine melanomas f bl and f extract gl at higher rates than muscle tissue a property necessary for successful pet imaging of CM the lack of correlation between gl SE and M1 potential suggests that the demands for glucose during tumor growth and metastasis are not related this is the first laboratory study to predict that human malignant melanoma will image with fdgpet | MEDAL |
macrophages were reported to be strong producers of IFN ifngamma T3 stimulation by interleukin il plus il which gave rise to a novel concept of autocrine macrophage activation here we show that PE and bone marrowderived mouse macrophages generated by conventional techniques contain small quantities of cdbcdccddxnk natural killer nk cells or cdcdtcrbeta t cells respectively ICS purification of macrophages by sorting and the analysis of macrophages from alymphoid raggammachain mice revealed that the high amount of Th1 protein in the supernatants of unseparated ililstimulated macrophage populations originates exclusively from the contaminating lymphoid cells notably ilil still induced Th1 mrna in highly purified macrophages from wildtype mice and in macrophages from raggammachain mice whereas nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription stat and production of ifngamma protein were no longer detectable these results question the concept of autocrine macrophage activation by secreted Th1 suggest differences in the expression of ifngamma mrna and protein between macrophages and lymphoid cells and illustrate that the limited purity of most myeloid cell populations might lead to false conclusions | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to develop a biologically based dynamic model for predicting the distribution and elimination of methyl mercury and its metabolite inorganic mercury under a variety of exposure scenarios in rats a model is proposed based on a multicompartment approach each compartment represents an organ or a group of organs or an excreta the MM translates into a set of coupled differential equations taking into account interorgan rates of exchanges and excretion together with the biotransformation process the free parameters of the MM are determined from statistical fits to the exp data of the farris et al toxicol appl pharmacol study on the time profiles of blood and tissue concentrations and cumulative excretions the vast range of time scales that govern tissue absorption distribution biotransformation and excretion served to solve the model step by step this interplay of time scales in the rates explains the buildups and slow attrition of inorganic mercury in certain key organs such as the brain and the kidney which are also the CS of the more important toxic effects the model was validated on additional exp data provided by norseth and clarkson arch environ health and thomas et al environ res environ res this approach when adapted to humans allows the reconstruction of the time course of blood and tissue concentrations starting from easily accessible data on hair urine and feces | MEDAL |
persons INF with hiv are at increased risk for all cancers known or suspected to have an infectious cause an effect believed to be primarily mediated by lowered host immunity via the SD of cd cells whereas kaposi sarcoma and nonhodgkin lymphoma were recognised as aidsdefining illnesses early in the hiv epidemic the influence of declining cd count on other infectionrelated cancers has taken longer to establish undoubtedly because the association is weaker and the DR relationship is less steep however following improved survival made possible by combined ARV therapy declining cd count starts showing an impact on the natural history of various carcinogenic infections and on the risk for an increasingly wide range of cancers including hodgkin lymphoma cervical anal and CL cancers | MEDAL |
women treated with chest radiation for a pediatric CA have low mammography screening rates despite their high risk for breast CA this study characterized the relationship between perceptions of mammography and screening practices a crosssectional survey was po to women in north america who were treated with chest radiation before years of age women with inconsistent mammography perceptions and practices were identified using the pros and cons of mammography for perceptions and transtheoretical model stages of adoption for prior and intended screening practices classification and regression tree cart analysis was used to identify barriers to and facilitators of screening among women with positive and negative perceptions nearly onethird of the cohort had inconsistent perceptions and practices had positive perceptions and were not having mammograms had negativeneutral perceptions and were having mammograms regardless of perceptions a recent physicians recommendation for mammography age ⥠and interest in routine health care were universally associated with mammography practices for women with positive perceptions and a physicians recommendation barriers to screening included high acceptance coping low activeplanning coping and high internal health locus of control for women with negative perceptions acknowledging the importance of asymptomatic screening was associated with mammography | MEDAL |
upper airway musculature is important in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea electromyographic studies of patients with obstructive sleep apnea demonstrate increased activity of upper airway dilator muscles biopsy studies of these muscles show both adaptation and muscle injury in this study we utilized quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to characterize changes in the upper airway musculature of patients with obstructive SA this technique provides measurements of the t relaxation times of upper airway muscles GG GH sternohyoidsternothyroid spatially localized to submillimeter resolution our results demonstrate that the mean t values of genioglossus p and geniohyoid p differ between the apneic and control groups while the values for the sternohyoidsternothyroid muscles p are similar between CG in both apneics and normals respectively the t values for the genioglossus p and geniohyoid p were significantly greater than for the sternohyoidsternothyroid muscles the changes observed are compatible with the hypothesis that there is increased edema and possibly increased fat content of the tongue muscles in patients with obstructive SA | MEDAL |
adenoassociated viral aav vector is attracting significant interest for use in gene therapy for genetic diseases because of its unique and advantageous characteristics compared to other currently available viral vectors eight natural serotypes of aav have been identified of which aav serotype is the one best characterized and most widely used in current gene delivery studies the application of aav serotype in hemophilia b GT is a promising OD in GT for genetic diseases such as hemophilia preliminary studies have demonstrated relation and distinction of host genome sequences replication tropism packaging of recombinant virions and crossreactivity of neutralizing antibodies among different serotypes of aav this review summarizes the progress of studies in aav serotypes and pertinent applications in hemophilia b GT the latest progress in gene delivery of coagulant factor ix for hemophilia b using aav serotype vectors is described in detail | MEDAL |
the workshop for new leaders represents an innovative project undertaken by the midwifery faculty at a teaching hospital in new england the midwifery faculty sought to expand their educational offerings to the obstetrics and gynecology residents utilizing creative thinking strategies the idea for a leadership workshop was originated in an effort to augment the professionalism curriculum mandated by the accreditation council of graduate medical education for residents over time this workshop has become a highlight for each class not only has this workshop facilitated transition from learner to leader as the residents RPA their final year of training it has also helped to enhance interprofessional relationships this article is part of a special series of articles that address midwifery innovations in clinical practice education interprofessional collaboration health policy and global health | MEDAL |
leishmania v braziliensis is one of the most important ethiologic agents of the two distinct forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis cutaneous and mucosal the drugs of choice used in leishmaniasis therapy are significantly toxic expensive and are associated with frequent refractory infections among the promising new targets for antiprotozoan chemotherapy are the proteases in this T0 serine proteases were partially purified from AQ detergent and extracellular extracts of leishmania braziliensis promastigotes by aprotininagarose affinity chromatography by zymography the enzymes purified from the aqueous extract showed apparent activity bands of kda and kda of kda kda kda an this relation was mediated primarily by normative organizational commitment in study SEM indicated that the perceived importance of volunteer work was related to pride that perceived organizational support related to the experience of respect and that pride and respect mediated the relation between perceived importance and support on the one hand and organizational commitment on the other overall the results suggest that volunteer organizations may do well to implement pride and respect in their volunteer policy for instance to address the reliability problem j l pearce | MEDAL |
highly potent biotoxins like pseudomonas exotoxin a eta are attractive payloads for tumor targeting however despite replacement of the NK cellbinding domain of eta by tumorselective antibodies or alternative IB proteins like designed ankyrin repeat proteins darpins the therapeutic window of such F0 toxins is still limited by targetindependent cellular uptake resulting in toxicity in normal tissues furthermore the strong immunogenicity of the bacterial toxin precludes repeated administration in most patients sitespecific modification to convert eta into a prodruglike toxin which is reactivated specifically in the RT and at the same time has a longer circulation halflife and is less immunogenic is therefore appealing to engineer a prodruglike fusion toxin consisting of the antiepcam darpin ec and a domain ideleted variant of eta etaâ³ we used strainpromoted azide alkyne cycloaddition for bioorthogonal conjugation of linear or branched PE glycol peg polymers at defined positions within the toxin moiety reversibility of the shielding was provided by a designed peptide linker containing the cleavage site for the rhinovirus c model protease we identified two distinct CS one within the catalytic domain and one close to the cterminal kdel sequence of ecetaâ³ simultaneous pegylation of which resulted in up to fold lower cytotoxicity in epcampositive RT cells importantly the potency of the fusion toxin was fully restored by proteolytic unveiling upon SVR administration in mice pegylated ecetaâ³ was much better tolerated than ecetaâ³ it showed a longer circulation halflife and an almost fold increased area under the curve auc our strategy of engineering prodruglike F0 toxins by bioorthogonal veiling opens new possibilities for targeting PT with more specificity and tau | MEDAL |
the ontogenetic OD of GABA acid type a gabaa receptors and their sensitivity to neuroactive steroid agonists were determined between birth and day postnatally using membrane fractions of distinct rat brain areas at birth the MO med reached AD numbers of gababinding sites whose affinity did not change significantly PP in contrast in the phylogenetically younger FC cortex fc and cerebellum cer the number of IB sites increased in a linear fashion albeit with a greater delay in the cer moreover the affinity varied significantly with age but in the opposite way despite unchanged basal IB in the med both the fc and the med displayed significant increases in the number of gabaabinding CS elicited by either alphahydroxy alphapregnaneone thp or alpha dihydroxy alphapregnaneone thdoc in vitro final concentration microm for all ages investigated but the magnitude of enhancement was agedependent at days postpartum both thp and thdoc enhanced the density of IB sites in med with maximal increases by or of the control determined in the absence of steroids however the simultaneously observed decrease of affinity did not reach statistical significance likewise in the fc the steroidal influence on affinity did not begin to change until days PP however there was a significant increase in affinity coincident with a reduced increase in receptor density the present results demonstrate a brainareaspecific ontogeny of gabaa receptors and developmental changes in the sensitivity of gabaabinding CS to CS | MEDAL |
recent studies have suggested that diffusible factors released by neural target tissues enhance survival growth and differentiation of SN within the central as well as the IP NS in this report we use catecholamine cytofluorescence to demonstrate that a soluble factor from the striatum produces a fold increase in number of catecholamine cytofluorescentpositive dopaminergic SN in dissociated mesencephalon cultures prepared from embryonic dayold rats the same soluble extract enhances the number of neurites per cell and the length of neurites and also produces a greater than fold stimulation of high affinity dopamine uptake into SN such stimulation is significantly reduced following trypsin treatment the trophic effects on DA neurons are maximal in extracts of the striatum but are also found in extracts of the hippocampusentorhinal cortexamygdaloid nucleus and the CBF SC although they are less in extracts of the cerebellum negligible in the olfactory bulb and absent in the liver with molecular sieving chromatography the soluble factors stimulating high affinity dopamine uptake are partially separable from the AF stimulating neuronal high affinity gaba uptake the approximate molecular weight of the AF influencing DA neurons is da | MEDAL |
we measured changes with growth in lung function and airway CR after acute canine parainfluenza virus type cpi n canine adenovirus type cav n and sequential cavcpi n infections or no infection controls n in beagle puppies age approximately days in the cpi and cav CG a lower respiratory illness developed by day postinfection with clinical recovery by day in the cavcpi group puppies were inoculated initially with cav and days later with cpi in this group illness persisted until day T3 infection with cpi lung resistance rl dynamic cdyn and static cst lung compliance FRC frc and responsiveness to aerosolized histamine were measured before infection and at periodic intervals until days of age lung CF data were analyzed using a longitudinal random effects MM in all CG frc cst and cdyn increased with age in all INF groups the regression slopes for cdyn were steeper than in controls rl decreased linearly with age without group Mw differences histamine reactivity increased with age but there were no differences in slope among CG lung pathological studies showed Az of OB and chronic small airways inflammation particularly in the cav and cavcpi groups thus viral bronchiolitis produces chronic small airways inflammation in beagle puppies and alters the changes in lung CF occurring with growth histamine CR increases with age and is not modified by viral infection | MEDAL |
the arthritogenic properties of adjuvant oil upon percutaneous administration in da rats was investigated CG of rats were po single or repeated percutaneous applications of freunds incomplete adjuvant fia or olive oil on shaved skin with or without prior abrasion of the skin control rats were shaved and abrased only a transient ICA developed in animals after repeated applications of fia on abrased skin the incidence of ICA increased to animals when fia was repeatedly po via filter paper on abrased skin and covered with a bandage histological examination of the arthritic joints showed proliferation of the synovial lining SL infiltration of mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear cells in the subsynovial tissue some bone and cartilage destruction was also seen repeated treatment with olive oil on abrased skin induced joint swelling in animals which did not however correspond to any microscopically observable signs of inflammation also a single application of fia on abrased skin or repeated applications of fia without abrasion induced ICA although with low penetration whereas control animals had no clinical signs of joint involvement these findings demonstrate that percutaneous administration of adjuvant oil can cause arthritis in genetically susceptible animals | MEDAL |
pediatric sleepdisordered PLB sdb is known to negatively impact home and classroom behavior preschoolage hispanic children from spanishspeaking households are at elevated risk for poor school readiness the authors used a multiinformant RPA to assess home and preschool SMB among hispanic children at risk for sdb n higher parentreported sdb risk and elevated snoring were associated with parent and teacherreported problem behaviors and poorer teacherreported classroom executive CF among boys elevated snoring was associated with internalizing behaviors among girls elevated snoring may be associated with problems related to impaired GABA selfcontrol suggesting the need for early intervention in order to improve school readiness among these a priori defined atrisk hispanic children | MEDAL |
the radiographic angiographic hemodynamic and surgical features of cases of cor triatriatum complicated by other cardiac anomalies are presented in the first case the patient had tetralogy of fallot the scimitar syndrome and left VVI one in the second case the patient had truncus arteriosus the first case was revealed only after augmentation of pulmonary flow by an aortapulmonary artery anastomosis in the second case the diagnosis was retrospectively suggested by certain angiographic and hemodynamic clues the prospective diagnosis was made only after a modified rastelli procedure for TA the difficulties encountered in making the diagnosis in both cases are discussed it is stressed that a high index of suspicion thorough accumulation and examination of hemodynamic data and excellent angiograms and plain film radiography are all necessary to an early diagnosis of cor triatriatum when the latter is complicated by other congenital HR anomalies | MEDAL |
avian and mammalian kidneys can produce a urine hyperosmotic to the blood by means of a renal countercurrent system birds are uricotelic mammals are ureotelic it is proposed that the IM present in rat but not in avian kidneys serves specifically to accumulate urea in the inner and outer medulla among rat kidneys the degree to which urea accumulates in the IM is inversely related to the complexity of the vascular bundles in the outer medulla and the cortical urea recycling index a model is proposed for urea recycling via the vascular bundles the renal pelvis varies in size among mammals its relative size is unrelated to the tytionship of spectral parameters of the absorption bands of sugarphosphate DP and hydrate envelope in the region of lowtemperature transition for the in vivo analysis of the dna structure in complex biological systems | MEDAL |
pleiotrophin ptn is a secreted heparinbinding developmentally regulated protein that is found in abundance in fetal but not mature cartilage sdspage and glycosaminoglycan gag analysis of sulfateradiolabeled proteoglycans isolated from the medium of mature cultured chondrocytes treated with ptn showed a threefold increase in the levels of proteoglycan synthesis in contrast in cultures of fetal chondrocytes no changes in proteoglycan synthesis were observed thymidine incorporation experiments showed a dosedependent decrease in proliferation of treated cells compared with control cultures suggesting that pleiotrophin had an inhibitory effect on growth of chondrocytes neither fgf or heparin reversed the inhibitory effect of ptn capillary PACE of chondroitinase abcdigested proteoglycans isolated from mature chondrocytes showed fold increases in the amounts of the s and ssubstituted gag chains for the ptntreated chondrocytes northern analysis showed a twofold upregulation in the mrna levels of biglycan and collagen type ii but no difference in the message levels for decorin and aggrecan these results establish that ptn inhibits cell proliferation while stimulating the synthesis of proteoglycans in mature chondrocytes in vitro suggesting that ptn may act directly or indirectly to regulate growth and proteoglycan synthesis in the developing matrix of fetal cartilage | MEDAL |
a surgical technique that preserves the branches of the pelvic plexus that innervate the corpora cavernosa was employed during radical retropubic prostatectomy in men and radical cystoprostatectomy in men in patients undergoing RRP SF returned gradually in the vast majority of patients postoperatively and by year were potent the age of the patient did not influence postoperative potency but potency did correlate with clinical and pathological stage preliminary data suggest that deliberate excision of the NVB unilaterally did not adversely affect potency of the patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy have erections of the patients with sexual partners who have been followed for year are potent these data suggest that EF can be preserved in most patients following RP and cystoprostatectomy | MEDAL |
in order to investigate auditory and vestibular disorders caused by barotrauma guinea pigs were exposed to compression and decompression between absolute pressure ata and ata in a pressure chamber during the atmospheric pressure change SN occurred in two thirds of the animals AEP dysfunction that showed the difference between the right and left ears was confirmed by AEP BB stem response and preyers reflex in the animals with spontaneous nystagmus damage to the organ of corti was the most significant cause for the auditory dysfunction though findings attributed to the rupture of the RW membrane were recognized in four ears the rupture or hemorrhage of the RWM was not the direct cause of the AEP dysfunction the significance of the RWM rupture is discussed | MEDAL |
complementdependent cytotoxic antibodies to three cervical carcinoma cell lines me sw and hela and to herpes simplex virus type hsvinfected cells were determined in a LT study of women with C2 carcinoma cytolysis of surface antigens differed significantly between the cervical carcinoma cell lines and hsv regression of the RT during treatment was accompanied by decreasing cytolysis in the C2 carcinoma lines while RT bearers and patients who became severely ill had high or increasing cytotoxic antibodies the opposite was noted for the antibody response to hsv infected cells patients with less T3 CA had significantly higher cytolytic activity than those who were severely ill or had advanced cancer LTS demonstrated high SD lysis of hsv infected cells as a control of the cervical carcinoma cell lines cytolytic activity was tested also on a lung carcinoma cell line a no significant differences were found between the patients with C2 cancer and the CW RT bearers and patients treated for T3 CC showed a slight but NS increase in cytolytic activity on the a L1 | MEDAL |
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