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circulating lymphocytes from three species of marmoset monkeys were transformed in vitro with herpesvirus ateles hva either by cocultivation with lethally xirradiated hvaproducing lymphoblastoid cells or by infection with CF virus transformed lymphocyte cultures were obtained from transformation attempts attempts to transform squirrel monkey lymphocytes were unsuccessful in attempts association of hva with each transformed culture was demonstrated by staining of antigenpositive cells in indirect fluorescent antibody fa tests and recovery of hva after cocultivation of the transformed cells with permissive ML cells cells of most transformed cultures possessed t lymphocyte properties ie formation of e rosettes CR with a specific antimarmoset t lymphocyte SS and lack of surface ig | MEDAL |
the activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma ppargamma ameliorates the homocysteine hcyinduced matrix metalloproteinase mmp by decreasing reactive oxygen species ros production however the mechanism by which hcy induces ros generation and mmp activation is unclear we hypothesize that hcy increases nadh oxidase nox and decreases thioredoxin trx this leads to translocation of nox into the mitochondria and decrease in trx in addition activation of ppargamma ameliorates the translocation of nox into mitochondria and mmp activation mouse aortic vascular endothelial cells mvec were cultured in the presence or absence of microm hcy the cells were pretreated with ciglitazone cz microm activity of ppargamma activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift CA emsa and antibody super shift CA in situ generation of ros was measured using dichlorofluorescin dcf as a probe the expression of nox and trx were measured by quantitative RT PCR reaction qrtpcr the translocation of nox was measured by d gel analysis to determine the C2 of nox and trx the mitochondria and cytosol were separated and western blot analysis was preformed the mmp activity was measured by gelatinzymography the results suggested that cz G1 EC ppargamma in the presence of hcy production of ros was ameliorated by ppargamma activation expression of nox was increased while production of trx was decreased by hcy however the treatment with cz normalized the levels of nox and trx nox was translocated into mitochondria in hcytreated endothelial cells this translocation was associated with decreased production of trx in mitochondria the treatment with cz blocked this translocation and increased trx C2 in mitochondria hcymediated mmp activity was decreased in cells pretreated with cz these results suggest that hcy increases nadh oxidase and decreases trx by translocation of nox to mitochondria the data show that indeed activation of ppargamma ameliorates the mitochondrial translocation of nox and mmp activation | MEDAL |
clinicomorphological T0 of polypous rhinocinusitis in children gave evidence for PET disorders in local immunity and autonomic nervous system ie adaptation system it is supposed that correction of these disorders should be made by including in the treatment complex of medicines activating local immunity and vegetotropic drugs heparin ointment in the postoperative period was beneficial | MEDAL |
a lowsodium diet and diuretics although widely used are not always the most satisfactory therapy for treatment of ascites in nonazotemic patients with liver cirrhosis the objective of this investigation was to analyze various predictive AF influencing the therapeutic response to diuretic treatment of ascites in these patients | MEDAL |
postpartum haemorrhage pph bleeding from the genital tract after childbirth is a L1 cause of maternal mortality and disability particularly in underresourced Az in these settings poor nutrition malaria and anaemia may aggravate the effects of pph in addition to the standard known strategies to prevent and treat pph there is a need for simple nonexpensive techniques which can be applied in lowresourced settings to prevent or treat pph | MEDAL |
mucinous CC often presents at an T3 stage we have previously observed that mucin production by human coloncancer cells correlates with their ability to colonize the CL in experimental animal models the present T0 was undertaken in order to further elucidate the mechanisms by which production of mucin by coloncancer cells affects metastasis cell lines showing high mucin production hmp hm hm and ls lim demonstrated increased adherence to Matrigel and invaded a reconstituted basement membrane to a greater extent than their counterpart cell lines showing low mucin production lmp lst and lm adherence of the lmp parental cell L1 lst to various matrix proteins was potentiated by the addition of purified human coloncancer mucin in a dosedependent fashion hmp cell lines secreted more proteolytically active typeiv MMP-8 than lmp lines and MMP-8 activity was further stimulated by purified mucin in a dosedependent manner specific inhibition of mucin oglycosylation by benzylalphanacetylgalactosamine significantly affected each of the metastasisrelated events with the greatest effect on the hmp cell lines the present data further indicate that mucin may play an important role in the metastatic process | MEDAL |
the recently described association between haemochromatosis and mutations in the hfe or hlah gene has prompted the need for a simple and rapid genetic test capable of detecting multiple mutations simultaneously heteroduplex analysis a new diagnostic technique fulfills such criteria and we have investigated the potential for the PCD of the cystyr mutation subjects were genotyped using the heteroduplex RPA the results showed clear distinction between individuals who did not carry the mutation individuals who were heterozygous for the mutation and homozygous individuals heteroduplex results obtained by both AgNOR and capillary electrophoresis showed concordance with those obtained by restriction digestion of pcr product | MEDAL |
the authors survey of recent advances in cf research and their therapeutic implications the possibility of successful GT by transfer of the normal gene to airway epithelial cells inhalations with the potassiumsparing diuretic amiloride that diminish the viscosity of the bronchial secretions application of adenosine or UR triphosphate atp or utp to the apical surface of the respiratory epithelial cells which intervene with the function of SAC enzymatic cleavage and liquidification of bronchial secretions by aerosolized human recombinante dnase in addition the possible advantages of heart lungtransplantation are also discussed | MEDAL |
the cooccurrence of langerhans cell histiocytosis lch and erdheimchester disease ecd is extremely rare and almost all cases were reported in adults | MEDAL |
various lysophosphatidic acids caused phasic contractions of LM from guineapig ileum followed by rhythmical contractions of lower magnitude polyunsaturated lysophosphatidic acids were more potent than saturated lysophosphatidic acids among the lysophosphatidic acids tested linolenoyllysophosphatidic acid was the most AS but its activity was about times less than that of prostaglandin f alpha contractile responses to various lysophosphatidic acids were partially suppressed by tetrodotoxin atropine and chlorpheniramine in addition lysophosphatidic acidinduced contractions were considerably reduced by pretreatment of the muscle with indomethacin | MEDAL |
PS latex microspheres are widely used as surrogates for biocolloid transport in porous media however relatively few studies directly compare microsphere transport with that of the microorganism it is intended to represent particularly at the field scale here we compared the transport behaviour of a bacterium escherichia coli rsg microm in diameter and three different sized microspheres and microm in diameter within undisturbed agricultural field soil following infiltration under partially saturated conditions the soil contained significant macroporosity a tension infiltrometer was used to control the application of a transport solution containing brilliant blue fcf dye to two plots a log reduction in the concentration of all colloids was observed from the soil surface to cm depth in both plots the concentration of colloids in the soil was generally proportional to the intensity of soil dye staining however both the e coli rsg bacterium and the microm microspheres appeared to be transported deeper than the other colloids and the visible dye along root holes at the bottom of the profile in both plots the similarities in size and ZP of the microm microspheres and the e coli rsg likely contributed to that outcome colloid concentrations in dyed soil by depth were similar between the two plots despite differences in soil properties and infiltration patterns the properties of the colloids and macropore density were the most important factors affecting colloid transport these results suggest that microspheres with size and surface properties similar to the microbe of interest are useful surrogates to trace potential pathways of transport in the subsurface | MEDAL |
we assessed the LT outcomes of patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with percutaneous lumbar discectomy pld or microendoscopic discectomy med a retrospective study was performed in consecutive patients with LDH treated with pld n or med n in a single hospital from january to march all patients were followed up with macnab criteria and selfevaluation questionnaires comprising the oswestry FDI and medical outcomes study item shortform health survey several statistical methods were used for analyses of the data and a p value of was considered to be statistically significant a total of patients with pld and patients with med were eligible for analyses with a mean followup period of years and years respectively there were no significant differences between the two groups in age number of lesions major symptoms and physical signs and radiological findings according to the macnab criteria in the pld group and in the med group achieved excellent or good results respectively this was statistically significant p with the ODI questionnaires the average scores and minimal disability respectively were and in the pld group and and in the med group total average scores of SF-36 were vs in pld group vs med group p the cost and length of hospitalization were higher or longer in med group a statistically significant difference both p longterm complications were observed in two patients in the med group no such complications were observed in the pld group both pld and med show an acceptable longterm efficacy for treatment of LDH compared with med patients longterm satisfaction is slightly lower in the pld patients complications hospitalization duration and costs in pld group are also lower | MEDAL |
the glyoxylicacidinduced fluorescence technique was applied to demonstrate patterns of CA innervation within the auditory BS of echolocating bats and the house mouse in the cochlear nucleus of the rufous horseshoe bat rhinolophus rouxi and the mustache bat pteronotus parnellii speciesspecific catecholaminergic innervation patterns are found that contrast with the relatively homogeneous innervation in the G1 charcoalsorbitol solution at one hour serial acetaminophen levels were determined at intervals over eight hours and side effects noted both interventions significantly reduced the area under the curve versus control p less than the addition of sorbitol did not enhance the tau of AC but did increase the side effects noted sorbitol has not been proven effective in enhancing drug removal and has SE that can be significant in a poisoned patient current data do not warrant its use and further investigations should be carried out with other ingested drugs | MEDAL |
the effects of biocharcoal acted as sludgecomposting additive on soil characteristics and plant growth were studied compared with the treatment of composted sludge without biocharcoal soil cation exchange capacity in treatment of composted sludge with biocharcoal increased over and respectively and soil nitrogen content increased and respectively for two kind soils the composted sludge with biocharcoal also resulted in higher enhancement on ryegrass biomass and higher enhancement on ryegrass chlorophyll content in addition with the amendment of biocharcoal the BA of polycyclic aromatic HCs pahs in composted sludge was decreased which resulted in the lower absorption and accumulation of ryegrass to pahs compared with the control the pahs concentration in ryegrass amended composted sludge with biocharcoal decreased the results indicated that composted sludge with biocharcoal resulted in much more improvement on the plant growth as well as less negative effect on environment therefore biocharcoal was in favor of the safe land application of sewage sludge | MEDAL |
there is no established therapeutic regimen for treatment of hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy this is due particularly to uncertainty about the use of vitamin d or its analogues as in animal experiments teratogenic sideeffects have been reported nevertheless vitamin d or its analogues are required to control tetany predisposing to abortion and PT labour we herein report the course of two pregnancies in a hypoparathyroid woman treated with calcitriol ohd additionally we describe the outcome of pregnancy in ten women receiving calcitriol reported to the drug safety department dsd hoffmannla roche ag a yearold hypoparathyroid woman receiving chronic treatment with calcitriol microgday and calcium gday was referred in the th week of her first pregnancy calcitriol was initially discontinued but during the th week of pregnancy recurrent tetany occurred serum calcium mmoll calcitriol microgday was added stabilizing SS calcium around mmoll with ohd concentrations around ngl normal range ngl to maintain normocalcaemia the calcitriol dose was increased to microgday during the rd week and to microgday shortly before delivery of a healthy girl in the th week during her second pregnancy calcitriol was given initially at a dose of microgday with further adaptation to microgday during the th and to microgday in the st week serum calcium and ohd were continually within the lower normal range she gave birth to another healthy girl during the th week in eight of the ten pregnancies reported to the dsd no adverse effects of calcitriol microgday were seen and healthy babies were delivered in two retrospectively reported cases serious AEs were described premature closure of the FC fontanelle and stillbirth in the th week due to complex fetal malformation respectively however in both cases the causative role of calcitriol administration remains highly questionable we conclude that during pregnancy management of maternal hypoparathyroidism with calcitriol and calcium is feasible if the ohd concentrations are adapted to the physiological needs during pregnancy and SS calcium levels are kept in the lower normal range | MEDAL |
tyrosine phosphorylated proteins recently have been found in mouse and human spermatozoa our objectives were to determine if domestic cat spermatozoa also express tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and examine the changes in protein phosphorylation between normospermic and teratospermic domestic cats following sperm capacitation swimup separation and exposure to zona pellucida zp membranes from cat spermatozoa contained two phosphorylated proteins of molecular weights kda and kda designated as p and p that immunoreacted with monoclonal antibodies to tyrosine phosphate the p protein was distinct from spermspecific hexokinase following capacitation the extent of phosphorylation of p was increased p fold in normospermic cats compared to only fold in teratospermic cats similarly phosphorylation of p also increased p fold in normospermic compared to fold in teratospermic cats although swimup separation increased the percentage of normal spermatozoa in teratospermic ejaculates phosphorylation of p in swimup aliquots was increased p only fold in teratospermic cats compared to fold in normospermic counterparts likewise phosphorylation of p was lower p in teratospermic fold compared to normospermic cats fold cats phosphorylation also was influenced by exposure to cat zp proteins p solubilized cat zp bound to the sperm proteins of apparent molecular mass and kda suggesting a direct binding interaction between p and the zp overall these findings indicate the presence of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in the domestic cat spermatozoon that directly interact with homologous zp glycoproteins demonstrate that cat sperm hexokinase is not phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and suggest that the diminished phosphorylation efficiency of sperm from teratospermic cats may result in a compromise in capacitation and the acrosome reaction | MEDAL |
activation of the complement cascade with the generation of anaphylatoxins accompanies the inflammatory response elicited by acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion although complement is G1 in the interstitium during acute MI we have studied mechanisms whereby complement might exacerbate ischemia by using a MM employing intracoronary i.t. of ca in nonischemic hearts intracoronary injection of complement component ca induces transient myocardial ischemia mediated through the production of the coronary vasoconstrictors thromboxane a and peptidoleukotrienes ltc ltd and causes sequestration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes pmn in the coronary V1 bed to further investigate the role of the pmn in the cainduced vasoconstriction the LAD coronary i.a. lad in pigs was perfused at constant pressure and measurements of coronary blood flow myocardial contractile CF sonomicrometry arterialcoronary venous blood pmn count and thromboxane b txb levels were performed the myocardial response to intracoronary ca ng was determined before during and T3 perfusion with blood depleted of pmns using leukocyte filters sepacell r pall pl in additional animals the myocardial response to the pmn chemotactic agent ltb and the effects of intracoronary ca during constant flow perfusion were measured control intracoronary i.t. of ca decreased flow of baseline and contractile function of baseline pmns were trapped x cellsmicroliters and txb concentration increased in coronary venous blood the response to ca during coronary perfusion with arterial blood depleted of pmns with sepacell or pall filters less than x cellsmicroliters was greatly blunted with flow and contractile function falling by less than and respectively from baseline and release of txb was greatly attenuated however the MI and txb PR remained depressed in response to ca T3 removal of the filters and perfusion with either arterial blood containing normal C2 of pmns or stored arterial blood never exposed to filters in contrast the repeat ca challenge resulted in equivalent myocardial extraction of pmns thus indicating a dissociation of pmn sequestration from the acute ICM response and PR of txb in separate experiments the intracoronary i.t. of ltb also resulted in a pronounced myocardial extraction of pmns x cellsmicroliters greater than during ca but did not depress CF or function perfusion at constant flow greatly diminished the ischemic response to ca indicating that vasoconstriction and resultant ischemia is the main cause of the contractile dysfunction these data indicate that leukocyte filters inhibit the myocardial ischemia and PR of txb induced by ca via mechanisms not related to pmn depletionabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a colonyforming assay of human skin fibroblast radiosensitivity was established in our laboratory and applied to primary skin biopsies from women belonging to an unselected group of patients who received postmastectomy radiotherapy years prior to this study the aim was to investigate the relationship between in vitro radiosensitivity and the occurrence of subcutaneous fibrosis T3 radiotherapy early generations of NS fibroblasts in exponential growth were irradiated at room temperature at a high doserate to estimate the SF of colonyforming cells T3 single doses ranging from to gy a linearquadratic cell survival curve was fitted to the data and from these fits the surviving fraction at gy sf was estimated replicate experiments of different cell generations were made to validate the assay and the betweenpatients variability was significantly larger than the CA R2 for both sfp and sf p patients were treated in the period with a dose per fraction between and gy a total of fractions at two fractions per week they were evaluated with respect to the occurrence of marked subcutaneous fibrosis in a total of independent treatment fields in each treatment field the TD and dose per fraction at the relevant dosimetric REF depth as well as the died the endsystolic pressurevolume relation Mw emax a +dP/dt index and the relation between VO2 vo and systolic pressurevolume area pva in these failing NF these hearts had no increase in EDV pressure at a given volume a decrease in emax and a proportional decrease in the pvaindependent vo for h but no decrease in the oxygen cost of pva defined as the Mw of the vopva relation the oxygen cost of emax for ca handling defined as the Mw of the relation between pvaindependent vo and emax was unchanged in the failing NF we conclude that the present protocol induced left ventricular contractile failure primarily involving the suppression of ca handling energy for ECC | MEDAL |
desmoyokin was identified as a desmosomal plaque protein we previously demonstrated that desmoyokin is MZ to a protein encoded by a human gene ahnak whose expression is suppressed in neuroblastoma cells although this protein is distributed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus in various cells it is associated closely with the BPM in KCs in keratinocytes desmoplakin translocates from the cytoplasm to the BPM following both high calcium switch and protein kinase c pkc activation by otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa in the low calcium medium the desmoyokinahnak protein resides diffusely in the cytoplasm and the nucleus however h after shift to the high calcium medium the desmoyokinahnak protein localized to the cell boundary in all cells in a pattern similar to that of DP selective pkc inhibitors CR inhibited the calciuminduced translocation of the desmoyokinahnak protein but the inhibition of DP translocation by these inhibitors was only partial tpa also induced translocation of both the desmoyokinahnak protein and DP which was CR inhibited by pkc inhibitors the calciuminduced phosphorylation of the desmoyokinahnak protein was confirmed by immunoprecipitation using porthophosphatelabeled keratinocytes furthermore the T0 of extractability with nonionic detergent indicated that desmoplakin but not the desmoyokinahnak protein is associated with the cytoskeleton these results suggested an involvement of pkc in the translocation of the desmoyokinahnak protein in keratinocytes it was however also suggested that different mechanisms are likely involved in the translocation of the desmoyokinahnak protein and DP | MEDAL |
one of the most important factors contributing to developing of the breast cancer is a female organism SE to Es thickness and structure of endometrium in postmenopausal women is a sign of the hormonal status the goal of the T0 was to investigate whether there is a difference in the endometrial thickness and SQ in postmenopausal women with breast CA | MEDAL |
recent genomewide association studies gwas have verified eight genetic loci that were significantly associated with primary angleclosure glaucoma pacg the present study investigated whether these variants are associated with the ocular biometric parameters of anterior chamber depth acd and axial length al in a RNA chinese population as well as whether there were differences in the association of genetic markers in our cohort based on ethnicity | MEDAL |
a chimeric receptor containing the cytoplasmic region of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha subunit lifralpha or gp and the extracellular TM region of gp was generated expressed of the chimera in hl cells to induced the homodimerization of the cytoplasmic domains cytcyt with whole lifralpha S1 on hl cells in response to lif expression and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor stat and inhibition of one cell proliferation were evaluated in cells transfected with this chimeric molecule increased tyrosyl phosphorylation of stat at tyr was detected T3 min lif treatment in cells transfected with either the or the wild type receptor cell proliferation was decreased upon lif treatment in both cell types however expression of the cterminal region of the cytoplasmic region of lifralpha S1 ct in hl cells resulted in lower levels of stat phosphorylation induction by lif and cell proliferation was unaffected immunohistochemical staining indicated an inverse rho between cdcb expression and the C2 of phosphostat in ct and cells expression of cd a cell differentiation marker was lower in ct than in cells together these results suggest that homodimerization of the cytoplasmic region promotes the tyr phosphorylation which correlates with the inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of differentiation in hl cells our results also suggest a signal link between stat and cdcb | MEDAL |
a single IM dose of piperacillin g with PB g orally was used to treat men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis due to penicillinase producing strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae ppng or nonppng all patients infected with nonppng strains were cured as opposed to only of patients infected with ppng strains giving an overall success rate of no serious side effects of treatment were observed post GU pgu occurred in of the patients treated antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that of the nonppng strains tested had mics of piperacillin of mgl or less and of the ppng strains had mics of mgl or more this regimen is not recommended for use as first line treatment in Az where there is a high incidence of infection with ppng strains it is however highly ERP against nonppng strains | MEDAL |
a yearold male was admitted to our hospital complaining of chest pain the patient had chronic kidney disease requiring a minimum contrast procedure when performing percutaneous coronary MI a jailed wire technique is known to reduce the risk of SBO we report a case measuring the presence of ischemia in the side branch sb by a jailed opto wire opsens quebec T3 implantation of a stent in the main vessel for the treatogenic actions inhibiting the development and progression of PT but the tau of this compound to influence GAS n in the stomach and to affect the gastric mucosal damage induced by nontopical ulcerogenes such as AS has been little studied we determined the effect of curcumin on basal and PG or histaminestimulated gastric secretion in rats with surgically implemented gastric fistulas and we assessed the contribution of gastric secretion endogenous prostaglandin pg endogenous nitric oxide no as well as sensory afferent SN in the mechanisms underlying the potential gastroprotective effects of curcumin against stressinduced gastric mucosal lesions rats exposed to water immersion and restraint stress wrs for h were pretreated either with vehicle saline curcumin mgkg ig or curcumin mgkg ig combined with or without indomethacin mgkg ip sc mgkg ig or rofecoxib mgkg ig curcumin mgkg ig coadministered with lnna mgkg ip with or without larginine mgkg ig a substrate for NOS curcumin mgkg ig administered in rats with IN or capsaicininduced PET ablation of sensory nerve SF and curcumin mgkg ig administered with capsazepine mgkg ig the antagonist of VR1 trpv receptor the number of gastric lesions was determined by planimetry the gastric blood flow gbf was assessed by hgas clearance technique the plasma gastrin concentrations were measured using the radioimmunoassay ria and the expression of mrna for TN factorα tnfα iNOS synthase inos and cyclooxygenase cox in GM was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rtpcr curcumin dosedependently reduced the wrsinduced gastric lesions the dose inhibiting these lesions by being about mgkg these effects of curcumin were accompanied by an increase in gbf and the reduction in basal and histamine or pentagastrinstimulated GAS the protective and hyperemic MICs of curcumin mgkg ig against wrs lesions were significantly att p in rats pretreated with rofecoxib and sc and CR reversed p by indomethacin lnna significantly reduced p the decrease in wrsinduced lesions and the accompanying rise in gbf caused by curcumin and these effects were restored by concurrent treatment with larginine mgkg ig the curcumininduced decrease in the number of wrsinduced gastric lesions and accompanying increase in the gbf were significantly att p in capsaicindenervated rats and in those pretreated with capsazepine these effects of curcumin in rats with capsaicin denervation were restored by concomitant treatment with exogenous calcitonin gene related pepetide cgrp combined with curcumin and subsequently exposed to wrs the expression of mrna for tnfα cox and inos was significantly increased p in vehiclepretreated control rats exposed to wrs and significantly att p by curcumin administered in graded dosages we conclude that curcumin exerts gastroprotective and hyperemic activities against exp stressinduced gastric lesions by mechanism involving endogenous prostaglandins no the neuropeptides such as cgrp released from capsaicinsensitive afferent nerves and the activation of vanilloid trpv receptors located on these sensory nerve terminals | MEDAL |
the temperature and oxygen regulation of the microsomal oleate desaturase fad from safflower carthamus tinctorius l seeds was investigated heatresistance profiles obtained in vivo and in vitro showed that the fad enzyme maintained its maximal activity until degrees c a temperature increase from to degrees c caused a decrease of the fad activity however when the temperature was decreased from to degrees c no increase in the activity level was detected the removal of hulls from safflower seeds followed by incubation in air did not change the fad activity level whereas incubation under nitrogen caused a strong decrease air replacement brought about the recovery of the initials levegy on the DP of metastasis and patient survival | MEDAL |
one thousand singleton lowrisk pregnancies were crosssectionally studied at weeks gestation with continuouswave doppler ultrasonography in order to assess its usefulness as an antepartum monitoring technique for the identification of fetuses at risk of developing an AO uterine i.a. and umbilical artery sd values were measured and related to fetal outcome results were compared with those of the nonstress test no significant differences in fetal outcome with the exception of birth weight were found between patients with normal and abnormal uterine sd values in pregnancies with abnormal umbilical sd values a higher incidence of cesarean section for fetal distress and lower birth weight were observed moreover those newborns more frequently had complications such as low minute apgar score requiring resuscitation and admission to the intensive ECU when compared to nonstress test umbilical velocimetry showed a higher efficiency in identifying fetuses at risk for AO | MEDAL |
the importance of the presence of food in the gastointestinal gi tract in maintaining normal CEA in the small intestine was investigated in rats that were kept from eating for as long as weeks during this time animals were sustained on a nutrient solution administered intravenously enzyme activity and SB mass in these animals and similiar parameters in rats that were administered the same solution orally were compared with control CG fed an essentially isoenergetic diet of stock rat food and water disaccharidase and peroxidase C2 in mucosal scrapings expressed as activitymilligram protein activityintestine and activity g body weight were significantly reduced in intravenously nourished rats but not in rats receiving the solution orally in addition to changes in enzyme activities parenteral feeding was accompanied by a significant reduction in the small bowel weightbody weight ratio as compared with that of rats fed the stock diet or nutrient solution orally results support the conclusion that normal activity of intestinal enzymes spatially distributed with regard to depth within the mucosa depends on the presence of food in thegi tract and cannot be maintained at normal levels by total intravenous nutrition | MEDAL |
we have measured the concentrations of PCDDs pcddf polychlorinated biphenyls pcbs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers pbde in market baskets consisting of almost individual food samples representing different food items and also in the total diet basket lower bound concentrations of pcddfs ranged between and pgg FW in the market baskets and the corresponding values for pcbs from to pgg the fish basket contributed most to the concentrations of dioxins and pcbs and also to concentrations of pbdes in which the lower bound range was from to pgg we also assessed the average daily intakes of these substances by the finnish adult population the average daily intake of sum of pcddfs and pcbs as who toxic equivalents was assessed to be pg which was pg whoteqkg body weight using an average mean weight of kg for the GP in finland the contribution of fish to the intake of pcddfs was between and depending on whether lower or upper bound concentrations were used with respect to pcbs the contribution of fish was the calculated intake of pbdes of ngday was comparable to NI assessments froer two genera the subacrosomal CSK which is less extensive than in species with a hooked sperm head forms an apical extension but that is not the case in bandicota in all species where the sperm head lacks an apical hook the acrosome is more symmetrical the sperm tail is much shorter in these species with att to the head occurring on the ventral surface in tokudaia and basal in micromys and the two species of bandicota as the sperm head morphotype with a complex apical hook is present in all the L1 clades of murine rodents it is likely to be a plesiomorphic character within each of these clades with the nonhooked sperm heads which vary greatly in structure between species of the different lineages probably being independently derived the ultrastructural organization of the sperm head of bandicota but not those of micromys or tokudaia suggest divergence in some of the morphological events associated with spermegg interaction at the time of fertilization | MEDAL |
the present T0 investigated the effect of acidosis reduction in ph of the krebs solution from to on responses to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators with a focus on purines in the rat isolated perfused MAB alphabetamethylene atp alphabetameatp microm a selective px receptor agonist elicited a desensitizing vasocontraction which was not significantly affected by a reduction in ph to contractions to atp were also not significantly different at ph compared to ph in contrast contractile responses to noradrenaline methoxamine and vasopressin were greatly attenuated at ph by p at raised tone vasorelaxations to adp at py receptors and to CGRP-LI cgrp were not different at ph and ph these data indicate that a reduction in ph to differentially affects responses to vasoconstrictors in the rat mesenteric arterial bed there is no effect on contractions mediated via px reche migration of pkc immunoreactive cells is delayed T3 a period of h of hypoxemia this could be due to the fact that under these circumstances the expected compensatory increase in fetal cerebral blood flow was only significant h T3 the ON of hypoxemia further research on the final position of the hippocampal neurons in term lambs subjected to fetal mild hypoxemia can give more information on the effects of hypoxemia on the fetal brain | MEDAL |
two acid rnases were purified from bovine SP by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation chromatographies onphosphocellulose heparinsepharose clb poly gsepharose and adpsepharose and GF on toyopearl hw f both purified preparations were homogeneous as judged by disc electrophoresis at ph they were designated as rnase bsp and rnase bsp in the order of elution from a phosphocellulose column rnase bsp was immunologically indistinguishable from rnase k from bovine kidney rnase bsp was a typical pyrimidine basespecific uridylic acidpreferential rnase and had very sharp ph optimum at rnase bsp thus obtained was a glycoprotein giving two L1 bands on sdsslap electrophoresis although the apparent molecular weight of rnase bsp was distributed in the range of it decreased to about after endoglycosidase f digestion the NT CAA sequence up to the th CAA had no homology to those of rnase k and rnase a | MEDAL |
the kinetics of schiff base formation between the cholesterol ozonolysis product betahydroxyoxosecocholestanal and dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine was investigated the activation energy of SB formation at temperatures above and below the Tm of the phospholipid was calculated increase in the activation SE derived from perturbation of the surface structure by the process of schiff base formation was demonstrated the presence of the SB with the aldolization product of the oxysterol was also observed and its significance is discussed | MEDAL |
isec insulin secretion is a computer program which calculates prehepatic insulin secretion from plasma cpeptide measurements the program uses a regression population model to derive parameters of cpeptide kinetics from subjects gender type normal obese NIDDM diabetes mellitus age weight and height insulin secretion is calculated as a piecewise constant step function with flexible step length allowing for a fine resolution of the secretion profile between measurements a constrained regularisation method of deconvolution is employed to carry out the calculations the calculated profile satisfies three properties i it fits the measurement within the given level of the measurement error ii it is nonnegative and iii it has a minimum value of a regularisation criterion norm of second differences which quantifies the degree of deviation of the secretion profile from a straight L1 both theoretical aspects and TPS features related to isec are considered to exemplify the use of isec prehepatic insulin secretion is calculated during meal tolerance test frequently sampled intravenous gl ATT hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic gl clamp and basal conditions with frequent sampling | MEDAL |
the aim of the T0 was to improve the preoperative diagnosis of mammary mucinous lesions all mucinous lesions detected by fine needle aspiration fna and confirmed by histological examination were reviewed by cytological findings mammographic appearances and sonographic findings twenty aspirates had corresponding pathology including mucinous carcinomas two mucocelelike lesions mll with atypical ductal hyperplasia three mll with DH and three simple mll simple mll and mucocelelike with ductal hyperplasia showed scant cellularity no or rare IN single tumour cells monolayered arrangement and absence of nuclear atypia in contrast most mucinous carcinomas showed higher cellularity more single tumour cells threedimensional clusters and mild to marked nuclear atypia however mll with ADH showed cytological features overlapping with mucinous carcinoma mll had a nonspecific mammographic appearance and showed a cystic lesion on US mucinous carcinoma appeared as a solid mass on US and as a distinct nodule on mammography based on the combination of fna cytology and image findings benign mll can be correctly distinguished from mucinous carcinoma before surgery | MEDAL |
we report the fabrication and characterization of graphene nanostructures with mechanical properties that are tuned by conformal deposition of alumina vertical graphene vg sheets also called carbon nanowalls cnws were grown on copper foil substrates using a RF plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition rfpecvd technique and conformally coated with different thicknesses of alumina alo using atomic SL deposition ald nanoindentation was used to characterize the mechanical properties of pristine and aluminacoated vg sheets results show a significant increase in the effective youngs modulus of the vg sheets with increasing thickness of deposited alumina deposition of only a nm thick alumina layer on the vg sheets nearly triples the ERP youngs modulus of the vg structures both SE absorption and CS recovery were lower in vg sheets coated with alumina than in pure vg sheets for the same PF this may be attributed to the increase in bending stiffness of the vg sheets and the creation of connections between the sheets after ald deposition these results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of vg sheets can be tuned over a wide range through conformal atomic layer deposition facilitating the use of vg sheets in applications where specific mechanical properties are needed | MEDAL |
the libby mt cohort includes current and former residents with potential historical SE to asbestoscontaminated vermiculite this cohort includes individuals with a broad range of exposure experiences and work histories while both occupational and nonoccupational SE pathways were found to be relevant in recent investigations of health effects among this cohort there has not been a comprehensive approach to characterizing these varied exposure pathways any RPA toward assessing historical exposures among this population must account for three GA categories occupational exposures residential exposures and exposures related to a variety of nonoccupational MICs thought to be associated with vermiculiteasbestos SE in this community first a job SE matrix is commonly used in occupational epidemiology to assess historical worker exposures allowing for the incorporation of numerous occupational categories and weighting AF applied to specific jobs for different time periods second residential exposures can best be quantified by integrating individuals residential histories with data on environmental asbestos contamination in the community previous soil or sediment sampling as well as air modeling could inform estimates of time and spatialdependent expon acetylation ubiquitination hydroxylation and proteolysis bioinformatics analysis revealed that idps comprise a C1 fraction of different proteomes furthermore it is established that the intrinsic disorder is relatively abundant among cancerrelated and other diseaserelated proteins and idps play a number of key roles in oncogenesis there are more than different types of human papillomaviruses hpvs which are the causative agents of benign papillomaswarts and cofactors in the development of carcinomas of the genital tract head and neck and epidermis with respect to their association with cancer hpvs are grouped into two classes known as low eg hpv and hpv and highrisk eg hpv and hpv types the entire proteome of hpv includes six nonstructural proteins e e e e e and e the latter two are known to CF as oncoproteins in the highrisk hpvs and two structural proteins l and l to understand whether intrinsic disorder plays a role in the oncogenic potential of different hpv types we have performed a detailed bioinformatics analysis of proteomes of highrisk and lowrisk hpvs with the major focus on e and e oncoproteins the results of this analysis are consistent with the conclusion that highrisk hpvs are characterized by the increased amount of intrinsic disorder in transforming proteins e and e | MEDAL |
by simultaneous recording from neural responses at many different loci at the same time we can understand the interaction between neurons and thereby gain insight into the network properties of neural processing instead of the functioning of individual neurons here we will discuss a method for recording in behaving animals that uses chronically implanted microelectrodes that allow one to track neural responses over a long period of time in a majority of cases MUA which is the aggregate spiking activity of a number of neurons in the vicinity of an electrode tip is recorded through these electrodes and occasionally single neurons can be isolated here we compare the properties of multiunit responses to the responses of single SN in the primary visual cortex we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the multiunit signal as opposed to a signal of single SN we demonstrate that multiunit recording provides a reliable and useful technique in cases where the SN at the electrodes have similar response properties multiunit recording is therefore especially valuable when task variables have an effect that is consistent across the population of neurons in the primary VC this is the case for figureground segregation and visual attention multiunit recording also has clear advantages for crosscorrelation analysis we show that the crosscorrelation function between multiunit signals gives a reliable estimate of the average singleunit crosscorrelation function by the use of multiunit recording it becomes much easier to detect relatively weak interactions between neurons at different cortical locations | MEDAL |
AM paradigms have been increasingly used to study the behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates of human remote memory although there are numerous PET neuroimaging studies on this topic relatively few studies of patient samples exist with heterogeneity of results owing to methodological variability in this T0 frontotemporal lobar degeneration ftld a form of PSD affecting regions crucial to autobiographical memory was used as a model of autobiographical memory loss we emphasized the separation of episodic recollection of TPS event perceptual and mental state information from semantic factual information unspecific in time and place AM derived from a reliable method for scoring transcribed autobiographical protocols the autobiographical interview levine b svoboda e hay j winocur g moscovitch m aging and autobiographical memory dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval psychology and aging patients with the frontotemporal dementia ftd and mixed frontotemporal and SD ftdsd SCV of ftld were impaired at reconstructing episodically rich autobiographical memlysis has allowed a comparison of sc physical lengths observed chiasma frequencies and recombination frequencies as estimated from the genetic map as a means of comparing PCS and genetic distances | MEDAL |
neurotrophins play a crucial role in the OD of the peripheral NS and their mrnas are often regulated T3 several types of tissue injury this T0 has investigated the regulation of nerve growth factor ngf brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf and neurotrophin nt mrnas min after myocardial ischaemia followed by reperfusion by northern blotting and in situ hybridization in a rat model between and h of reperfusion ngf mrna C2 showed two to fourfold upregulation compared with shamoperated NF scattered ngfexpressing cells probably PCs were detected in the viable BZ of the myocardium in close association with capillaries venules and arterioles in addition diffuse ngf expression was seen in the infarct area T3 h of reperfusion bdnf mrna showed transient upregulation after and h of reperfusion and remained at control levels thereafter bdnf was expressed in the myocytes of the viable BZ nt expression showed no significant changes compared with shamoperated NF these results suggest a role for ngf andor bdnf in the pathogenesis of RI or in the alterations of cardiac sensory and sympathetic neuronal CF after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion | MEDAL |
occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus hiv has led to a low but finite incidence of infection among HCPs in such circumstances PE administration of azidodeoxythymidine zidovudine azt might be beneficial to test this possibility the scidhu mouse the nude cb scidscid mouse engrafted with human hematolymphoid organs was treated with azt at different times T3 intravenous infection with a standard dose of hiv known to infect of animals if given within h azt suppressed infection in all animals if given after days no suppression was observed at least in some animals an aztsensitive phase lasted for as long as h these data support the hypothesis that prompt administration of azt might be efficacious in suppressing acute hiv infection in humans further studies in the scidhu mouse might provide insight into treatment protocols of even greater tau | MEDAL |
the aim of this paper was to use and evaluate the unplugged project a schoolbased program of proven effectiveness aimed at the prevention of substance abuse based on social influence | MEDAL |
excess hepatic storage of triglycerides is considered a benign condition but nonalcoholic steatohepatitis nash may progress to fibrosis and promote atherosclerosis carriers of the tmsf ek variant have fatty liver as a result of reduced secretion of verylowdensity lipoproteins vldls as a result they have lower circulating lipids and reduced risk of myocardial infarction in this study we aimed to assess whether tmsf ek affects liver damage and cardiovascular outcomes in subjects at risk of nash CL damage was evaluated in patients who underwent liver biopsy for suspected nash were evaluated for carotid atherosclerosis cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in controls from the swedish obese subjects sos cohort presence of the inherited tmsf ek variant was determined by taqman assays in the CL biopsy cohort subjects were carriers of the ek variant they had lower SS lipid levels than noncarriers p had moresevere steatosis necroinflammation ballooning and fibrosis p and were more likely to have nash odds ratio or confidence interval ci and T3 fibrosis or ci after adjustment for age sex body mass index fasting hyperglycemia and the im pnpla risk variant however ek carriers had lower risk of developing carotid plaques or ci in the sos cohort ek carriers had higher alanine aminotransferase alt and lower lipid levels p as well as a lower incidence of cardiovascular events hazard ratio ci | MEDAL |
sixty cases of missile injuries males average age years were studied over a period of one year fortythree patients had suffered splinter injuries had gunshot wounds and had suffered injuries from improvised explosive devices the GCS was in patients in in and in patients extensive comminution of skull bones was found in patients thirtyfive patients had penetration of the skull and the rest had orbitocranial or faciocranial wounds ct scan revealed small hemorrhagic contusion with indriven bones without mass effect in contusion with mass effect in cases cortical contusions without indriven bones tangential injuries in distant intracranial contusions in intraventricular hemorrhages in multilobar injuries in and unilobar injury in fiftytwo patients were operated upon at our center of which were operated within hrs between to hrs and between to hrs six patients were treated conservatively and underwent only a simple closure of scalp wound craniectomy was done in and craniotomy in patients two patients developed wound sepsis one had aspiration pneumonia one had septicemia and one had deep vein thrombosis while one had posttraumatic hydrocephalus on followup at months the outcome as per the glasgow outcome scale was as follows good outcome in moderate disability in severe disability in and death of patients retained bone fragments were found in on followup ct scan but no one had BB PA | MEDAL |
sonic hedgehog shh acts as a proliferation factor in both the NM and in malignant lesions helicobacter pyloriassociated atrophic gastritis is characterized by loss of shh | MEDAL |
in this T0 a comparative analysis of capabilities of three sensors for mapping forest crown closure cc and leaf area index lai was conducted the three sensors are hyperspectral imager hyperion and T3 land imager ali onboard eo satellite and landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus etm a total of mixed coniferous forest cc and lai measurements were collected at blodgett forest research station university of california at berkeley usa the analysis method consists of extracting spectral vegetation indices vis spectral texture information and maximum noise fractions mnfs establishing multivariate prediction models predicting and mapping pixelbased cc and lai values and validating the mapped cc and lai results with field validated photointerpreted cc and lai values the experimental results indicate that the hyperion data are the most effective for mapping forest cc and lai cc mapped accuracy ma lai ma followed by ali data cc ma lai ma with etm data results being least effective cc ma lai ma this analysis demonstrates that the hyperion sensor outperforms the other two sensors ali and etm this is because of its high spectral resolution with rich subtle spectral information of its shortwave infrared data for constructing optimal vis that are slightly affected by the atmosphere and of its more available mnfs than the other two sensors to be selected for establishing prediction models compared to etm data ali data are better for mapping forest cc and lai due to ali data with more bands and higher signaltonoise ratios than those of etm data | MEDAL |
the myocardium responds to hemodynamic AS through cellular growth and organ hypertrophy the impact of CSK elements on this process however is not fully understood while alphaactin in cardiomyocytes governs muscle contraction in combination with the S1 motor the exact role of betaactin has not been established we hypothesized that in AD cardiomyocytes as in nonmyocytes betaactin can facilitate CSK rearrangement within cytoskeletal structures such as zdiscs using a feline right VVI pressure overload rvpo MM we measured the level and CSD of betaactin in normal and pressure overloaded myocardium resulting data demonstrated enriched levels of betaactin and enhanced translocation to the tritoninsoluble CSK and membrane skeletal complexes in addition rvpo in vivo and in vitro hypertrophic stimulation with endothelin et or insulin in isolated adult cardiomyocytes enhanced the content of polymerized fraction factin of betaactin to determine the localization and dynamics of betaactin we adenovirally expressed gfptagged betaactin in isolated adult cardiomyocytes the ectopically expressed betaactingfp localized to the zdiscs costameres and cell termini FRAP frap measurements of betaactin dynamics revealed that betaactin at the zdiscs is constantly being exchanged with betaactin from cytoplasmic pools and that this exchange is faster upon hypertrophic stimulation with et or insulin in addition in ES isolated AD cardiomyocytes while betaactin overexpression improved CM +dP/dt immunoneutralization of betaactin resulted in a reduced contractility suggesting that betaactin could be important for the contracttive AS bmp protein expression and AVD in ckd we enrolled ckd patients kdoqi stage ii or higher and healthy individuals oxodihydrodeoxyguanosine ohdg was used as a marker of oxidative stress brachialankle pulse wave velocity bapwv was used as a measure of arterial stiffness bmp serum levels were significantly higher in ckd patients than in controls p SS ohdg levels were significantly higher in ckd patients compared to controls p bmp SS C2 were inversely associated with egfr r p and directly correlated with ohdg SS concentrations r p arterial stiffness was inversely correlated with egfr r p and directly correlated with bmp r p ohdg r p and phosphorus SS C2 r p in a multiple regression model phosphorus and bmp were independently correlated with bapwv in vitro exposure to ho induced a time and dosedependent increase in bmp expression in an immortalized endothelial cell L1 moreover ho preincubation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cell enhanced the bmpinduced upregulation of alpl an OB phenotype marker our data suggest that in ckd bmp may represent the molecular link between oxidative stress and arterial stiffness due to V1 calcification | MEDAL |
the biomechanical strength of delayed PC wounds was assessed by in vitro determination of their relative failure SE this is the most accurate measure of the wounds ability to resist rupturing forces PC wounds were used as controls and measurements were always made at equal intervals after woundingten and days there was no differences in energy values for three four and five day delayed wounds tested ten days postoperatively for six day delayed wounds however the energy values were lower than for control wounds after ten days twenty days postoperatively this difference had disappeared the three day delayed primary closure wounds had now developed significantly higher SE values than the control wounds when tested days postoperatively the SE values for both three and six day delayed PC wounds were almost double those of the control wounds it was concluded that in short term healingten days delayed PC with moderate delay intervals of three to five days had no biomechanically adverse effects in long term healing days delayed PC wounds showed a pronounced increase of wound strength compared with primary closure wounds extrapolated to the clinical situation there would thus be no reason from a biomechanical point of view to hesitate to use the delayed primary closure C2 of FSS cultured monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells are placed in a coneplate apparatus that produces a uniform FSS on replicate samples subconfluent endothelial cultures continuously exposed to dynescm shear proliferate at a rate comparable to that of static cultures and reach the same saturation density congruent to x cellscm when exposed to a laminar shear stress of dynescm confluent monolayers undergo a timedependent change in cell shape from polygonal to ellipsoidal and become uniformly oriented with flow regeneration of linear wounds in confluent ML appears to be influenced by the direction of the applied force preliminary studies indicate that certain endothelial cell functions including fluid endocytosis cytoskeletal assembly and nonthrombogenic surface properties also are CS to shear AS these observations suggest that fluid mechanical forces can directly influence EC cell structure and function modulation of EC behavior by fluid shear stresses may be relevant to normal vessel wall physiology as well as the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis | MEDAL |
heparininduced TP hit is an immune adverse reaction to heparin both unfractionated and lowmolecularweight which is mediated by the formation of EA against platelet factor heparin complexes the iggplatelet factor immunocomplexes activate platelets with resulting TP which is not associated with bleeding but with paradoxical lifethreatening thrombotic complications for coagulation activation hit diagnosis requires the assessment of pretest clinical probability in combination with the measurement of PLT activating antibodies against PF4 heparin complexes with immunological and PET assays when hit is diagnosed any form of heparin should be stopped and a nonheparin alternative anticoagulant should be started argatroban and danaparoid are currently the only drugs licensed for hit with different country availability bivalirudin is an option in cardiac surgery and procedures in hit patients | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the VAR in the gaiter area and in the big toe of patients with CVI cvi twenty patients with lipodermatosclerosis and cvi comprised the disease group and twenty subjects without venous disease comprised the control group the activity of the venoarteriolar reflex in the gaiter area and in the big toe in the affected and unaffected limbs of patients with cvi and in normal controls was assessed by calculating the percentage fall in skin blood flux on dependency as measured by laser doppler fluxmetry the results showed that the venoarteriolar reflex was normal in the gaiter area in both the affected limb and the unaffected limb in patients with cvi compared to normal controls median percentage fall in flux and IQ range for affected limb in patients with cvi for the unaffected limb of patients with cvi for normal controls p value mannwhitney for patient CG compared to normals respectively however in the big toe the VAR was impaired in the affected limb of patients with cvi compared to both the unaffected limb and to normal controls median percentage fall in flux and IQ range for affected limb in patients with cvi for the unaffected limb of patients with cvi for NCs p value mannwhitney for patient CG compared to normals respectivelyabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
diffusionweighted imaging dwi in children with diarrhoea associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome dhus and cerebral involvement was evaluated retrospectively | MEDAL |
the effects of SVR administration of bovine betacasomorphin tyrpropheprogly a muopioid receptor agonist derived from milk betacasein on spontaneous alternation behavior in the ymaze spatial STM and stepdowntype PAR nonspatial LTM were investigated in mice intraperitoneal ip administration of betacasomorphin mgkg did not have a significant effect on either SAB or passive avoidance response however a low dose mgkg ip of betacasomorpast to microglia the proliferation of astrocytes was unaffected by the presence of catalase in conclusion these findings indicate that microglial proliferation in response to ilbeta or TNF is mediated by hydrogen peroxide from NOX | MEDAL |
we describe a patient with palmardivergent dislocation of the scaphoid and lunate T3 successful closed reduction the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments were sutured through the dorsal RPA and the anterior capsule was sutured through the palmar approach the SL and lunotriquetral joints were fixed with kirschner wires for weeks at the year followup magnetic resonance imaging showed no evidence of avascular CN of the scaphoid or lunate and radiographs showed no evidence of the dorsal and volar intercalated segment instability patterns associated with carpal instability however flexion of the scaphoid and a break in gilulas L1 remained to our knowledge this is the first report showing treatment of palmardivergent dislocation of the scaphoid and lunate by suturing the carpal interosseous ligaments | MEDAL |
research suggests that FD data is extremely useful in the assessment of the binocular and accommodative systems however clinicians have been slow to integrate this method of analysis into their practices FD measurement under different fusional and accommodative demands aids the practitioner in prescribing ophthalmic prism andor plus lenses in addition it helps determine when vision therapy is AGA and provides an objective assessment of the effectiveness of a vision therapy program this paper discusses significant aspects of horizontal and vertical fixation disparity measurement with particular emphasis on its clinical usefulness in understanding and resolving asthenopic PS attributable to vergence andor accommodative dysfunction the goal of this paper is to provide the practitioner with information so that fixation disparity testing can be incorporated within the clinical regimen | MEDAL |
correct distal tip cell dtc migration in the nematode c elegans requires sensing soluble and matrix cues remodeling EM and signaling through conserved integrin and netrin pathways the dtc executes a complex path and coordinates its migration with the developmental stages of larval morphogenesis this chapter outlines a method for investigating dtc migration in c elegans using FF rna interference rnai and LM to deplete a candidate gene of interest nematode eggs are added to plates seeded with rnaiinducing bacterial lawns the animals hatch and begin to eat the rnai bacteria releasing dsrna and causing the targeted gene to be depleted during larval development positions of migratory cells are monitored in larvae and young adults using differential interference contrast dic and epifluorescence microscopy | MEDAL |
the influence of motor preparation on human motoneuron activity was studied by combining single motor unit recording techniques with reactiontime rt methods the tonic activity of wrist extensor motor units associated with voluntary isometric contractions was analysed during preparation for a ballistic wrist extensor muscle contraction using a time preparation procedure two durations of the PP elapsing between the WS and the RS were used in separate blocks of trials a short preparatory period s allowing optimum time preparation and a longer nonoptimum one s changes in motoneuron tonic discharge patterns not associated with any changes in the force output were observed during the PP which suggests that these changes were subtle enough to prevent any changes in muscle contraction from occurring before the forthcoming movement the changes observed were a lengthening of the mean interspike interval isi and a decrease in the isi R2 these data confirm that inhibitory mechanisms are activated during motor preparation and suggest that spinal GABA mechanisms are involved in the preparatory processes the mechanisms possibly involved such as presynaptic inhibition disfacilitation processes or ahp conductance changes are discussed the fact that the preparationinduced effects on motoneuron activity were particularly prominent during the last part of the s preparatory period suggests that they were probably related to the neural processes underlying temporal estimation the anticipatory changes in motoneuron activity observed here during preparation for action provide evidence that CE influences act on spinal motoneurons well before it is time to act | MEDAL |
lyme disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi has classically been divided into three stages erythema migrans neurological or cardiac involvement and ICA rather than defining a set disease pattern however one should more logically conceptualize a progressive infection that may be localized or disseminated acute or chronic EM the earliest and most easily recognized manifestation of b burgdorferi infection is an expanding annular erythematous skin lesion with a central clearing that develops soon T3 the bite of an INF ixodes tick musculoskeletal manifestations are common with approximately onehalf of UT individuals developing ICA of these only have chronic arthritis invasion of the CE nervous system occurs as the infection disseminates hematogenously with encephalitis myelitis and meningopolyneuritis being the most severe results acute cardiac involvement is recognized in up to of AD patients and less often in children early antibiotic treatment of the infection is highly effective | MEDAL |
we describe an obstetric patient who presented for removal of a retained placenta T3 IS of the spinal anaesthetic she developed a severe headache and a SAH was diagnosed we discuss the differential diagnosis of the HA the occurrence of intracranial haemorrhages T3 dural puncture and the future management of this patient | MEDAL |
in the AD rat arcuateneuropeptide yagoutirelated protein SN have efferent projections throughout the hypothalamus and provide a potent orexigenic stimulus at birth NPY-LI fibers are also present throughout the hypothalamus however the source of these SF has been unknown the present studies determined the postnatal ontogeny of arcuateneuropeptide y SF into the PVH nucleus and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as well as the ontogeny of NPY-LI receptor expression within these Az agoutirelated protein messenger rna and protein expression was present exclusively in cell HB in the arcuate throughout postnatal OD starting at p and was colocalized in the vast majority of arcuateneuropeptide y neurons this exclusive colocalization of agoutirelated protein with arcuateneuropeptide y neurons makes it an excellent marker for these SN and their projections even though singlelabel NPY y fibers were abundant in the DMH nucleus and PVH nucleus as early as p arcuateneuropeptide yagoutirelated protein fibers did not significantly innervate these areas until p and p respectively in contrast a portion of the NPY y fibers within the paraventricular nucleus as early as p originated from the brainstem as indicated by their colocalization with dopamine beta hydroxylase it remains to be determined if local sources of NPY yexpressing cells within the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus also contribute to the NPY-IR fibers within these regions prior to the development of arcuateneuropeptide yagoutirelated protein projections in addition to the dramatic change in arcuateneuropeptide yagoutirelated protein projections there is also a striking NC in y protein expression in the hypothalamus during the first two PN weeks taken together these data suggest that the early postnatal period during which there is a dynamic NC in the Thy NPY y system may constitute a critical period in the OD of this important FF circuit | MEDAL |
the identification of pancreastatin in pancreatic extracts prompted the investigation of its effects on islet cell function however in most of the investigations to date pig pancreastatin was tested in rat species since there is great interspecies R2 in the CAA sequence of pancreastatin we have investigated the influence of rat pancreastatin on insulin glucagon and somatostatin secretion in a rat animal MM namely the perfused rat pancreas during mm glucose infusion pancreastatin nm inhibited insulin secretion ca p less than as well as the insulin responses to mm arginine ca p less than and to nm vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ca p less than PST failed to significantly modify glucagon or somatostatin release under any of the above exp conditions in addition a lower PST concentration nm markedly suppressed the insulin PR evoked by mm gl ca p less than our present observations reinforce the concept that PST is an effective inhibitor of insulin secretion influencing the bcell function directly and not through an acell or dcell paracrine effect | MEDAL |
bovine adrenal zona fasciculata azf cells express a noninactivating k current iac that sets the resting membrane potential and may mediate depolarizationdependent cortisol secretion external atp stimulates cortisol secretion through activation of a nucleotide receptor in wholecell patch clamp recordings from bovine azf cells we found that atp selectively inhibited iac k current by a maximum of n with a inhibitory concentration of microm a rapidly inactivating atype k current was not inhibited by atp other nucleotides including adp and the pyrimidines utp and udp also inhibited iac whereas methylthioatp mesatp and ctp were CR ineffective the rank order of potency for six nucleotides was utp adp atp udp mesatp ctp at maximally effective concentrations utp adp and udp inhibited iac current by n n and n respectively inhibition of iac by external atp was reduced from to n by substituting guanosine othio diphosphate for gtp in the patch pipette inhibition of iac by external atp microm was markedly suppressed to n by the nonspecific protein kinase antagonist staurosporine microm and eliminated by substituting the nonhydrolyzable atp analog AMP-PNP or utp for atp in the pipette atpmediated inhibition of iac was not altered by the kinase c antagonist calphostin c the calmodulin GABA peptide or by buffering the intracellular pipette ca with mm bisaminophenoxyethanen nnntetraacetic acid in current clamp recordings atp and utp but not ctp depolarized azf cells at concentrations that inhibited iac k current these results demonstrate that bovine azf cells express a nucleotide receptor with a py agonist profile that is coupled to the inhibition of iac k channels through a gtpbinding protein the inhibition of iac k current and associated membrane depolarization are the first cellular responses demonstrated to be mediated through this receptor nucleotide inhibition of iac proceeds through a pathway that is independent of phospholipase c but that requires atp hydrolysis the identification of a new signaling pathway in azf cells whereby activation of a nucleotide receptor is coupled to membrane depolarization through inhibition of a specific k channel suggests a mechanism for atpstimulated corticosteroid secretion that depends on depolarizationdependent ca entry this may be a means of synchronizing the stressinduced secretion of corticosteroids and catecholamines from the adrenal gland | MEDAL |
we operated two MZ atmospheric optical turbulence profiling instruments over a period from mar to apr at the air force maui optical station on mount haleakala the daily average results of looking along common lines of sight through MZ atmospheres show systematic differences at lower altitudes and near agreement at higher altitudes we suspect that spatially nonuniform pmt photocathode responses and incompletely subtracted background noise could significantly affect the turbulence values measured at lower altitudes and contribute to the low altitude systematic differences the average results of looking along two different lines of sight through different regions of the atmosphere show additional systematic differences at higher altitudes which are not due to SF-36 bias we believe these to be due to genuine horizontal structure in the distribution of atmospheric optical turbulence above the km level | MEDAL |
the membranous fraction isolated from stratum corneum by m ureabeta me containing alkaline buffer ph is quite crude when observed by electron microscopy however this procedure may be useful for clinical samples as one can isolate and compare both the soluble interfilamentous fraction and the keratin filament from the same sample in addition to the residues membranous fraction a further purified membranous fraction was isolated by a new method human SC was chopped and treated with m urea mm trishcl ph digested by the use of TR and the product fractionated by a sucrose density gradient to obtain separate single cells without the cytoplasm one sample was then treated with trypsin for hour and another with urea buffer for hours observations revealed a thickened IM MB of approximately a each of the membranous samples contained a level of halfcystine markedly higher in amount around and involved mostly in the epsilongammaglutamyl lysine crosslinkages around in order to compare the membranous fraction of horny and living cells marginal bands and PMs the fraction was then isolated from living cells the relative amino acid composition of the membranous fraction of the BPM resembled that of human erythrocytes but was quite different from that of the marginal band these comparative studies of PSA and morphological features suggested the importance of ss crosslinking enzymes and transglutaminase in the transformation mechanism of the MB | MEDAL |
a nationwide survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of otitis media and allied diseases through PCS examination by otolaryngologic doctors from july to october a sample study population was selected from a panel to be representative of the korean population by multistage clustered and stratified random sampling method based on the national census data total number of subjects undertaken were which were drawn from households residing in different Az throughout the country the overall prevalence of otitis media was of males and of females prevalence of each subtype was as follows acute OM middle ear effusion chronic otitis media respectively the prevalence of otitis media did not vary by sex nor by urbanrural difference there was an increasing tendency of the prevalence of otitis media by age however the prevalence of both ME effusion and AOM showed a decreasing DP by age particularly noteworthy was a significant geographic R2 in the prevalence of OM by provinces the prevalence rate of septal deviation was and the presence of septal deviation was significantly related to that of OM p the prevalence rates of nasal allergic symptoms NP and evident CP were and respectively the presence of OM was significantly correlated with both nasal allergic PS p and evident cleft palate p but not with that of nasal polyposis | MEDAL |
intermittent preventive treatment the administration of a full course of an antimalarial treatment to a population at risk at specified time points regardless of whether or not they are known to be INF is now a recommended RPA to the prevention of malaria in pregnancy and is being explored as a potential way of preventing malaria in infants however in many malaria endemic areas the main burden of malaria is in older children and increasing use of insecticide treated bednets is likely to increase further the proportion of episodes of malaria that occur in older children recently it has been shown in senegal and in mali that IPT given to older children during the malaria transmission season can be remarkably effective in preventing malaria this RPA to malaria control is likely to be most effective in Az with a high level of malaria transmission concentrated in a short period of the year however several issues need to be addressed before intermittent preventive treatment in children can be advocated for use in malaria control programmes these include determination of whether intermittent preventive treatment adds to the protection afforded by other control measures such as insecticidetreated bednets whether an effective and sustainable delivery system can be found choice of drug to be used optimum timing of drug administration the requisite interval between treatments the potential benefits of IPT in children are substantial more research is needed to determine if this is a practical RPA to malaria control | MEDAL |
the polymerization of AFs is involved in growth movement and cell division it has been shown that actin polymerization is controlled by gelsolin whose interactions with actin are activated by calcium ion ca and inhibited by membrane polyphosphoinositides ppi a smaller ca and ppiregulated protein gcap which has sequence identity with gelsolin has been identified by cdna cloning and protein purification like gelsolin gcap binds to the fastgrowing end of AFs however gcap does not sever AFs and can respond to ca and ppi transients independently under conditions in which gelsolin is ineffective the coexistence of gcap with gelsolin should allow precise regulation of actin assembly at the leading edge of the cell | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of ascorbic acid vitamin e vit e and their combination in drinking water on sperm characteristics lipid peroxidation lpo and seminal plasma enzymes of mature male rabbits twentyfour male new zealand WG rabbits months old were given drinking water supplemented with ascorbic acid gl vit e gl and ascorbic acidvit e gl for weeks vitamin supplementation in drinking water increased feed intake but body WG was not significantly affected concentrations of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances tbars were significantly p reduced in seminal plasma of treated groups compared with the control treatment with ascorbic acid vit e and their combination significantly p increased lipido reaction time ejaculate volume sperm concentration total sperm SO SMI total motile sperm packed sperm volume initial hydrogen ion concentration ph and semen initial fructose concentration abnormal and dead sperm were significantly p decreased in treated animals the MICs of AST aminotransferase ast alanine aminotransferase alt and lactate dehydrogenase ldh were significantly p decreased whereas glutathione stransferase gst showed a significant increase in SP of treated animals compared with the controls the results from this T0 indicated that supplementation of drinking water with antioxidant ascorbic acid vit e and their combination reduced the production of FRs and can improve rb semen SQ but the greater improvement seemed to be from vit e | MEDAL |
volumetric changes of the scala media were histologically investigated in normal guinea pigs to see whether glycerolinduced volumetric change of the scala media followed a biphasic course similar to the AEP threshold in the glycerol test glycerol was po orally in a mlkg dose the volume of the SM was assessed by examining the crosssectional area of the scala media in the midmodiolar sections of the cochlea histological study revealed that the timecourse of the NC in the volume of the scala media after glycerol intake showed biphasic changes specifically the EP of the glycerol effect is a decrease in endolymph volume the volume of the scala media significantly decreased by h after glycerol NI thereafter the volume began to increase and reached its peak h after intake in addition the volume of the SM significantly increased by T3 h the present study indicated that the AA increase in the volume of the scala media following glycerol intake played an important role in the rebound phenomenon in the glycerol test although the mechanism underlying the hearing loss with the endolymphatic hydrops remains to be elucidated | MEDAL |
the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in swine flu or hn influenza a infection is a rare phenomenon and only few cases have been reported in children we describe a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in AD infected with swine flu | MEDAL |
controversy exists over the potential for new connective tissue att to dentin of endodonticallyobturated teeth following periodontal therapy the purpose of this T0 was to determine whether cultured human GF would grow in vitro on planed dentin surfaces of endodonticallytreated teeth a model similar to that of aleo et al was developed using extracted endodonticallytreated human teeth this model consisted of longitudinally sectioning teeth root planing one section only and incubating both sections with a suspension of human gingival fibroblasts fibroblast growth was determined by staining with neutral red and trypan blue the criterion for growth was staining of the CR root surface all root areas with attached periodontal SF displayed IF as well as the CR root surface of all planed sections unplaned sections did not stain on root Az formerly exposed to the oral environment owing to periodontal disease a finding consistent with the results of aleo et al our results indicate that root canal therapy does not interfere with in vitro growth of fibroblasts on planed dentin surfaces of endodonticallytreated teeth extrapolation to a clinical situation would indicate that normal healing may be expected after periodontal surgery on tissues adjacent to root planed endodonticallytreated teeth | MEDAL |
management of all restricted strabismus cases is difficult and frequently will require two or more procedures the prevention of these restrictions at the time of primary surgery is far more important all tissue should be handled as gently as possible with smooth or finetip forceps avoiding large fixation devices sharp dissection is essential tissue should not be torn but cut carefully and sharply with scissors under direct visualization the conjunctival and tenons capsule incisions should not be made directly over the muscle this will result in scarring of the muscle to tenons capsule or of tenons capsule to the muscle IS stump promoting restriction the muscle should be isolated under direct visualization or inspected carefully T3 isolation with great care taken not to incorporate any unnecessary tenons capsule in the muscle and to avoid the IO msucle on lateral rectus muscle surgery a blind deep sweep is completely contraindicated the intermuscular membranes check ligaments and muscle foot plates must be CR severed under direct visualization well beyond the resection site in the course of a resectionand to mm behind the insertion in the course of a recession CR hemostasis during the procedure and at its completion is essential percent phenylephrine and minimal cautery will help achieve this since cautery will result in a scar of tenons capsule to that area of the sclera it should be used as little as possible phenylephrine percent has been used safely with HAL anesthesia in many patients without significant arrhythmias the secondary treatment of restriction is very difficult whereas their prevention requires only good surgical technique and careful attention to detail | MEDAL |
SS lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ldlc is one of the most important risk factors for coronary HR disease the aim of the present T0 was to investigate the relationship between ldlc and body mass index bmi in populationbased japanese schoolchildren | MEDAL |
the etiology pathophysiology clinical features diagnosis and medical treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone siadh are reviewed siadh is a common cause of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients increased concentrations of ADH adh result in PR of free water increased excretion of sodium and hyponatremia symptoms generally occur only when hyponatremia is severe less than or equal to meql and may include anorexia vomiting and confusion followed by seizures coma and death siadh may result from a variety of diseases as well as from the use of drugs such as CP CBZ diuretics and some antineoplastic agents diagnosis of siadh is confirmed by demonstration of a high urine osmolality with a low plasma osmolality in the absence of diuretic use immediate treatment of the symptomatic patient with siadh includes intravenous furosemide and sodium chloride injection to produce a negative freewater balance if the underlying cause of siadh cannot be QTc the treatment of choice for chronic siadh is fluid restriction if this is not tolerated by the patient demeclocycline can be used to induce a negative freewater balance urea lithium phenytoin and loop diuretics have been reported to be ERP but there are few data to support their use future research into the treatment of siadh must be directed at developing ERP antagonists of adh treatment of siadh consists of elimination of underlying causes and restriction of fluid NI if these measures are unsuccessful or poorly tolerated LT drug therapy may be indicated | MEDAL |
endochondral ossification is regulated by many factors including mechanical stimuli which can suppress or accelerate chondrocyte maturation mathematical models of endochondral ossification have suggested that tension or shear AS can accelerate the formation of EC bone while hydrostatic AS preserves the cartilage phenotype the goal of this T0 was to test this hypothesis by examining the expression of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers transcription factor cbfa mmp type x collagen vegf ctgf and cartilage matrix proteins under cyclic tension and cyclic HP chondrocyteseeded alginate constructs were exposed to one of the two loading modes for a period of h per day for days mRNA was analyzed using RT rtpcr cyclic tension upregulated the expression of cbfa mmp ctgf type x collagen and vegf and downregulated the expression of timp cyclic tension also upregulated the expression of type collagen comp and lubricin but did not change the expression of sox and aggrecan cyclic hydrostatic pressure downregulated the expression of mmp and type i collagen and upregulated expression of timp compared to the unloaded controls HP may slow chondrocyte differentiation and have a chondroprotective antiangiogenic influence on cartilage tissue our results suggest that cyclic tension activates the cbfammp pathway and increases the expression of terminal differentiation hypertrophic markers mammalian chondrocytes appear to have evolved complex mechanoresponsive mechanisms the effects of which can be observed in the histomorphologic establishment of the cartilaginous skeleton during development and maturation | MEDAL |
twentyone chronic alcoholics and patients on tuberculostatic therapy were examined on repeated occasions using flash ERG erg flash and DP visual evoked responses ver visual fields and flicker F0 thresholds for both groups of visually symptomless patients there is evidence of retinal CA although more abnormal results are seen for the vers the results indicate that the mode of action of alcohol and tobacco differs from that of the tuberculostatic drugs for ethambutol and possibly INH therapy the larger changes which are seen in the flash vers than in the pattern vers suggest that these drugs have a generalized effect upon the visual system on the other hand the results for the alcoholics indicate that the effect of alcohol and tobacco is more specific for the macular region as the macular thresholds and vers to the small check and field size are most affected | MEDAL |
analysis of CR polyproteinencoding sequences of the two most prevalent genotypes of hepatitis c virus hcva and hcvb revealed evidence of abundant slightly deleterious nonsynonymous variants subject to ongoing purifying selection in the case of both hcva and hcvb the ns protein demonstrated a high incidence of forwardandbackward or parallel nonsynonymous changes in ctl epitopes as measured by the phylogenetic consistency index these results imply that certain nonsynonymous mutations have occurred frequently throughout the hcva and hcvb phylogenies in the codons encoding the epitopes in ns this DP is best explained by the frequent reoccurrence of the same set of escape mutations in ctl epitopes of ns which are selectively favored within hosts presenting the class i major histocompatability complex molecule but subject to purifying selection in the population at C1 this DP was more pronounced in hcvb than in hcva suggesting that there may be differences between the two genotypes with respect to nss interaction with host immune recognition | MEDAL |
metalonmetal hip resurfacing is considered by many as the most significant recent development in hip arthroplasty it preserves PT FA bone stock optimizes stress transfer to the PT femur and offers inherent stability and optimal range of movement the early results of hip resurfacing in the s and s were poor and the procedure was largely abandoned by the mids the expectation that these prostheses would be easy to revise was not often fulfilled the C1 diameter of the articulation combined with thin PE cups or liners resulted in accelerated wear and the production of C1 volumes of biologically active particulate debris leading to BL and implant loosening failure has been attributed to other factors mainly avascular CN of the femoral head however this concern has not been confirmed by retrieval studies the failure of early hip resurfacings was essentially a consequence of the use of inappropriate materials poor implant design inadequate instrumentation and crude surgical technique it was not an inherent problem with the procedure itself the renaissance of metalonmetal articulations for total hip arthroplasty enabled the introduction of new hip resurfacings and most of the L1 implant manufacturers have already introduced such systems early results are encouraging and complications commonly seen in the s and s such as early implant loosening and FA neck fracture now appear to be rare whilst early results should be regarded with caution modern metalonmetal hip resurfacing potentially offers the ultimate bone preservation and restoration of function in appropriately selected young patients | MEDAL |
in paediatric diabetes the concept of intensive therapy in the postdiabetes control and complications trial period has become subverted by a pharmacotechnological paradigm at the expense of other aspects of care such as goalsetting and psychosocial support this review examines which patients benefit most from intensive therapy in terms of glycaemic control hbac it also reviews published controlled trial and observational data relating to the impact of various insulin types and delivery systems on glycaemic control and canvasses the literature dealing with the impact of patient support philosophy of care goal setting and treating team dynamic on hbac taking into account the characteristics of those patients who benefit most from IT the quantum of hbac change and the persistence of changes that have been reported in selected and nonselected patient CG it appears that there is a clear hierarchy in aspects of therapy that improve glycaemic control for children and adolescents with type diabetes prime issues appear to be patient support team cohesion and goal setting the reported glycaemic benefits achieved by an isolated emphasis upon a pharmacotechnological paradigm are limited in children and adolescents it appears that only T3 the prime issues have been first considered will the potential benefits of the insulin types and regimens then be realized | MEDAL |
the clinical goal of diabetes management is a good SQ of life that is not different from that of a healthy subjects to fulfill the goal prevention of complications is needed under good glycemic control although blood gl measurement is essential for glycemic control there are diurnal variations in blood gl levels an indicator of LT glycemic control is necessary hbac is the gold standard measurement for the assessment of glycemic control and worldwide C1 scale clinical studies of diabetes complications have greatly valued hbac as an indicator of glycemic control in addition recently hbac was recommended for use in the diagnosis of diabetes in japan and in the united states although hbac is used widely and internationally international standardization of the hbac value has not been achieved in japan from april it has been decided to adopt the national glycohemoglobin standardization program ngsp value which is used by many countries globally as the first step toward internationalization recently cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients has been increasing in japan relationships between postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease have been noted therefore the correction of PP HG is one of the important goals of glycemic control to prevent cardiovascular disease hbac or glycated Al ga results from the glycation of hemoglobin or SS Al and represents month or week glycemia respectively in addition the glycation speed of ga is ten times faster than hbac so ga is likely to reflect the variation in blood gl and PP hyperglycemia in combination with hbac and its value anhydroglucitol ag is a marker of glycemiainduced glycosuria since reabsorption of filtered ag in the S3 is competitively inhibited by gl it is an indicator to identify rapid changes in HG understanding the characteristics of the indicators above it is important to use them suitably for each diabetes subject and to recognize glycemic control conditions more accurately | MEDAL |
clustering of magnetic nanoparticles can drastically NC their collective magnetic properties which in turn may influence their performance in technological or biomedical applications here we investigate a commercial colloidal dispersion feraspin | MEDAL |
accurate pressure ulcer staging is an important skill for nurses physicians physical therapists and certified nursing assistants current education is based on the national pressure ulcer advisory panels staging system a review of the literature indicates R2 in staging abilities of numerous healthcare providers with this problem in mind a new method of teaching pressure ulcer staging by visual analogy was developed | MEDAL |
difficulties with sex often develop following sexual trauma yet are rarely targeted within treatment of PTS disorder ptsd where outcomes of sexual function are included they are secondary to other measures this review aimed to assess whether psychological treatment for ptsd from sexual trauma has an effect on sexual functioning | MEDAL |
although chronic doxorubicin adriamycin cardiotoxicity often is attributed to repeated episodes of acute myocardial injury the acute effects of doxorubicin on in vivo left VVI performance have not been studied in a carefully controlled setting accordingly we recorded highfidelity left ventricular pressures and segmental dimensions before and after either intravenous or intracoronary doxorubicin in twelve openchest dogs propranolol was administered to prevent reflex SS and heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing intravenous doxorubicin mgkg n caused significant decreases in all measured indices of myocardial contractility in association with a C1 decrease in LVSP and mm hg before and min T3 doxorubicin respectively p less than intracoronary doxorubicin to mgkg n caused similar decreases in percent segment shortening from to p less than mean normalized shortening rate from to segment lengthssec p less than and peak positive left VVI dpdt by p less than although LVSP was only modestly decreased and mm hg before and T3 doxorubicin respectively p less than intracoronary doxorubicin also slowed the rate of left ventricular relaxation as evidenced by an increase in the time constant for isovolumic pressure fall from to msec and significantly altered the relationship between left ventricular pressure and dimension at enddiastole | MEDAL |
in pancevo on may the continual fluoridation of water was started fluoridation is conducted with silicofluoride acid up to now controls on fluoride content in drinking water which are conducted on eight places in the city show that the concentration of fluoride is about mg of fluoride per liter of drinking water there are very little deviations during measurement so the system can be considered as safe the analysis of costs of water fluoridation in october was dinars per inhabitant in this way we achieved the most efficient and at the same time cheap method of dental health protection as well as the protection of the whole human organism in accordance with the opinions of the world health organization concerning th been developed based on recent information about the metabolism of haloperidol a new haloperidol hapten in which a carboxypropionylmethylamino group was attached as a bridge in the place of fluorine atom was synthesized and coupled to bovine serum Al through the bridge to provide a new immunogen guinea pigs were used for the immunization since the antisera obtained by the new immunogen still cross reacted greater than with reduced haloperidol the immunological tolerance to reduced haloperidol was induced by administration of a copolymer of dglutamic acid and dlysine linked with reduced haloperidol this gave an antiserum in guinea pigs which was highly specific for unchanged haloperidol with negligible cross CR less than or equal to to any haloperidol metabolites including the newly found ones with the newly developed AS and hhaloperidol serum haloperidol C2 can be determined over the concentration range from to ngml using ml of human SS without an extraction procedure | MEDAL |
the indications for use of the IM artery as a coronary bypass conduit in older patients are not clearly established between january and december patients received single internal mammary i.a. grafts alone or in conjunction with other procedures of these patients were years of age or older mean years this group was compared with those patients less than years of age mean years there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of diabetes mellitus the number of distal coronary anastomoses left ventricular wall motion score the frequency of isolated bypass procedures reoperations or emergent operations or the durations of aortic clamping and CP bypass the older group contained more women versus and more patients with LM coronary i.a. disease versus p less than no significant differences in the frequency of reoperation for hemorrhage perioperative infarction neurological deficits requirements for intraaortic balloon pumping sternal wound infections necessity for prolonged ventilatory support or day mortality versus were observed the length of postoperative hospitalization was greater in the older group versus days p blinded histological examination of biopsies from IM artery grafts patients less than years patients greater than or equal to years showed no significant differences in luminal area or wall thickness no significant degenerative changes were observed in either group we conclude that the use of the internal mammary artery for bypass grafting in older patients is safe and may provide LT benefit | MEDAL |
immobilizationrelated hypercalcaemia is an uncommon but important condition being associated not infrequently with both urolithiasis and OP in this T0 patients who had been immobilized for a mean of months and had a mean adjusted serum calcium of mmoll were treated with doses of intravenous pamidronate ranging between mg and mg all patients became normocalcaemic by day patients mobilized shortly after treatment and remained normocalcaemic in those patients who continued to be immobile hypercalcaemia recurred after an interval of several weeks retreatment with pamidronate again resulted in normocalcaemia no side effects were noted with treatment all of the patients studied had increased rates of bone resorption as shown by elevated urinary hydroxyprolinecreatinine ratios medianrange of normal less than and elevated calciumcreatinine ratios of normal less than none of the patients in this T0 had any of the usual risk factors for developing immobilizationrelated hypercalcaemia though all patients had problems with significant sepsis which we postulate may have lead to cytokine PR which in turn contributed to the development of hypercalcaemia we conclude that pamidronate at doses as low as mg is safe and ERP in immobilizationrelated hypercalcaemia and suggest that sepsis should be added to the list of risk factors for development of this syndrome | MEDAL |
platelets stored as concentrates are gradually activated storage lesion a process associated with changes in the expression of platelet procoagulant activity ppca the aim of the present T0 was to evaluate the evolution of ppca and the mean platelet volume mpv of stored platelets prepared according to the plateletrich method prm and the buffy coat method bcm using the PF4 availability clotting test pfat on appropriately diluted concentrate samples we found a decrease in ppca expression of remnant platelets as a function of storage time p between day and in prmderived but not in bcmderived platelet concentrates using the pfat NBT we found a more important clotting time reduction in samples obtained from bcm than in samples obtained from prm platelet concentrates suggesting a higher ppca expression of bcm platelets not significant after day but highly significant T3 days p and after days p of storage as compared with prm platelets for both prm and bcm concentrates there were no significant mpv changes as a CF of storage time but at any storage day the mpv of bcm concentrates was significantly higher p than the mpv of prm concentrates we conclude that the decrease of ppca expression in prmderived concentrates as a function of storage time is in agreement with the gradual decrease of the PLT activation status in prm concentrates during storage there are probably several factors or variables causing platelets of bcm concentrates to express higher ppca than those of prm concentrates higher ppca expression in bcm concentrates may be explained by an intrinsic PLT property such as a difference in mpv between the two kinds of concentrates or it may be related to an extrinsic factor such as different storage media eg undiluted autologous plasma in prm concentrates versus plasmalyte adiluted autologous plasma in bcm concentrates whether the difference in ppca expression of remnant platelets in prm and bcm concentrates is just an in vitro laboratory finding or may have consequences for the therapeutic efficiency of the concentrates is an interesting still unresolved question | MEDAL |
genotypes at microsatellite loci in three fullsib families were used to search for qtl affecting body weight bw and condition factor in north american atlantic salmon salmo salar more than one informative marker was identified on linkage CG in each family allowing at least one chromosomal interval to be analyzed per linkage group two significant qtl for bw on linkage groups as and as and four significant qtl for condition factor on linkage groups as as as and as were identified qtl for both bw and condition factor were located on linkage groups as and when considering both significant and suggestive qtl effects the largest qtl effects for bw as and for condition factor as accounted for and of the trait variation respectively three of the qtl for bw occur on linkage CG where similar effects have been detected on the homologous regions in either rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss or arctic charr salvelinus alpinus | MEDAL |
recent studies identified a previously uncharacterized gene corf jbts as a L1 cause of joubert syndrome jbts a ciliopathy associated with cerebellar abnormalities and other birth defects here we report the first jbts mutant mouse model HR under glass hug recovered from a forward genetic screen exome sequencing identified hug as a sp missense mutation in the mouse homolog of jbts erik hug mutants exhibit multiple birth defects typical of ciliopathies including skeletal dysplasia polydactyly CFA kidney cysts and eye defects some hug mutants exhibit congenital HR defects ranging from mild pulmonary stenosis to severe pulmonary atresia IS showed jbts is localized in the cilia transition zone fibroblasts from hug mutant mice and a jbts patient with a jbts mutation showed ciliogenesis defects significantly hug mutant fibroblasts showed loss of not only jbts but also nphp and cep from the cilia transition zone hug mutants exhibited reduced ciliation in the cerebellum this was associated with reduction in cerebellar foliation using a fibroblast woundhealing CA we showed hug mutant cells cannot establish cell polarity required for directional cell migration however stereocilia patterning was grossly normal in the cochlea indicating planar cell polarity is not markedly affected overall we showed the jbts pathophysiology is replicated in the hug mutant mice harboring a jbts mutation our findings demonstrate jbts is a cilia transition zone component that acts upstream of other joubert syndrome associated transition zone proteins nphp and cep indicating its importance in the pathogenesis of joubert syndrome | MEDAL |
routine screening mammography has increased the incidence of stage i breast cancers many more women are being diagnosed with lymph nodenegative PT that are less than or equal to cm in greatest diameter the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project recently performed a retrospective analysis of women participating in one of five clinical trials including women with lymph nodenegative breast CA of these women had tumors less than or equal to cm the analysis of the women with tumors less than or equal to cm revealed an improved relapsefree survival rfs if tamoxifen was given after surgery compared with SA for women with estrogen receptor erpositive PT and for women with ernegative tumors rfs was improved by delivering chemotherapy T3 surgery the authors suggested that adjuvant SVR therapy should be considered for anyone with an invasive breast CA regardless of the size of the RT this paper reviews the data presented in that important historic article and discusses their conclusions also reviewed are the most recent recommendations for treatment of primary breast CA from the international consensus panel that convened at the seventh international conference on adjuvant therapy of primary breast CA in st gallen switzerland that panel also addressed the issue of adjuvant systemic therapy in women considered to have a minimal or low risk of developing recurrent disease | MEDAL |
this paper reports a methodology to eliminate an uncertain baseline drift in respiratory monitoring using a thermal airflow sensor exposed in a high humidity environment human respiratory airflow usually contains a C1 amount of moisture relative humidity rh water vapors in breathing air condense gradually on the surface of the sensor so as to form a thin water film that leads to a significant sensor drift in longduration respiratory monitoring the water film is formed by a combination of condensation and evaporation and therefore the SMB of the humidity drift is complicated fortunately the exhale and inhale responses of the sensor exhibit distinguishing features that are different from the humidity drift using a wavelet analysis method we removed the baseline drift of the sensor and successfully recovered the respiratory waveform finally we extracted apneahypopnea events from the respiratory signals monitored in wholenight sleeps of patients and compared them with golden standard polysomnography psg results | MEDAL |
the CR CAA sequence of the alpha chain of the dimeric sarcoplasmic cabinding protein scpi alpha from crayfish astacus leptodactylus has been determined by partial automatic sequencing of the MMP derived from tryptic digests of the protein T3 citraconylation or treatment with CHD overlapping MMP were obtained by cleavage with oiodosobenzoic acid or digestion with staphylococcus aureus protease thermolysin and pepsin the acetylated nterminus was identified by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry the monomeric protein contains amino acids and has an mr of the CS shows the presence of three calciumbinding CS and perhaps of two others that may be degenerated | MEDAL |
potassium bicarbonate kbc potently reduces urine calcium excretion in AD humans including patients with hypertension or calcium urolithiasis and PM women in the latter who have substantial risk of calcium deficiency it remains unknown whether the observed shortterm urine calciumlowering effect of kbc persists over years we studied PM women randomized to kbc or mmold kbc treatment or PL for up to months each received a multivitamin with iu vitamin d and calcium carbonate as needed to produce a total dietary calcium NI of at least mmol daily daily urine calcium excretion ucav did not differ among groups at baseline allgroups mean sd mgd from months of kbc treatment adjusting ucav for creatinine cr excretion each dose of kbc reduced ucav p with a dosedependent trend p the reduced ucavcr persisted throughout the kbc treatment period up to months in all kbc and the greatest reductions occurred in the subjects with greatest baseline ucavcr delta ucavcr vs baseline ucavcr p twentyeight percent of the subjects had high baseline calciuria ucavcr mg ca mg cr with baseline ucavcr of mg mg cr and excess triphenylphosphine the reaction produces multiple turnovers approximately before the diiron complex is degraded the anaerobic photolysis of tetrahydrofuran thf or toluene solutions of likewise results in the buildup of the oxidation products from these reactions included gammabutyrolactone approximately for the reaction in thf and benzaldehyde approximately from the reaction in toluene in either case the oatom which is incorporated into the carbonyl product is derived from dioxygen present under workup or under aerobic photolysis conditions transient absorption measurements of lowtemperature thf solutions of revealed the presence of an pfeiilike p tetraaryl porphyrinate dianion species suggesting that the reactive species is a formal hemefeiifeivononheme pair the nonheme feivo is thus most likely responsible for ch bond cleavage and subsequent radical chemistry the photolysis of in CB or dichlorobenzene resulted in ccl cleavage reactions and the formation of lfeiiiclfeiiiclo with chloride ligands that are derived from solvent dehalogenation chemistry the resulting organic products are biphenyl trichlorides or BP monochlorides derived from dichlorobenzene and chlorobenzene respectively similarly product is obtained by the photolysis of benzenebenzyl chloride solutions of the organic product is benzaldehyde approximately a brief discussion of the dehalogenation chemistry along with relevant environmental perspectives is included | MEDAL |
following the studies of huggins and colleagues in the hormonal treatment of prostatic CA has been aimed at neutralizing the influence of testicular androgens through surgical castration or the administration of high dose estrogen labrie et al introduced combined use of a lhrh agonist and an androgen antagonist for prostatic CA various reports demonstrated a beneficial effect for combined androgen blockade using nonsteroidal antiandrogens for advanced prostatic cancer through metaanalysis of published randomized control trials in japanese status a CAB is popular for T3 prostatic cancer as well as local CA by jcap survey there is a lot of controversy about adjuvant hormonal therapy for prostatic cancer including intermittent HT but the results are not gotten yet | MEDAL |
mechanisms of protective immunity to mycobacterial infection in the lung remain poorly defined in this T0 tcell subset expansion and cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar spaces lung parenchyma and mediastinal CL NO of mice infected intratracheally with mycobacterium boviscalmetteguerin bacillus bcg were analyzed in parallel with histopathology and bacterial burden m bovisbcg was cleared rapidly from bronchoalveolar spaces without evidence for persistence in lung parenchyma bacteria grew during the first wk followed by gradual clearance with less than of the original inoculum persisting for more than mo clearance of m bovisbcg from BAL lavage was associated with recruitment of both neutrophils and lymphocytes lung cd cd and gammadelta tcell receptorpositive t cells expanded maximally by week and declined by week to control values despite bacterial persistence both cd and cd lung t cells produced interferon ifngamma in response to m bovisbcg four distinct pathologic states of lung PC infection were noted early focal subbronchial inflammation with transmigration of cells into airways was followed by diffuse peribronchitis perivasculitis and alveolitis with G1 macrophages lymphoblasts and occasional giant cells the latter stage corresponded to maximal m bovisbcg growth resolving infection consisted of small lymphocytes and foamy macrophages which coincided with decreasing m bovisbcg colonyforming units tcell infiltration and ifngamma expression a final quiescent phase consisted of residual lymphoid aggregates and perivasculitis associated with persistent spontaneous ifngamma production bacterial dissemination to lymph node and spleen occurred by week and declined in parallel to lung in contrast to lung ifngamma secretion was detected only late despite early expansion of cd and cd TA by RT-PCR Th1 and interleukin il p messenger rna mrna in lung paralleled Th1 protein production TN factoralpha il and il mrna expression was not increased during m bovisbcg lung infection thus protective immunity to m bovisbcg in the lung evolved differently in air space lung and CL node | MEDAL |
metastasis is a multistep process which requires highly adapted interactions of RT cells with host target organs compared with nonmetastatic cells M1 human melanoma cells express fold higher level of tissue factor tf the major cellular Inr of the plasma coagulation protease cascades to explore whether tf may contribute to metastatic RT dissemination we analyzed the effect of specific inhibition of tf CF on human melanoma metastasis in severe combined nude scid mice using speciesspecific antibodies to tf we demonstrate that initial adherence in insufficient for successful tumor cell implantation in a target organ rapid arrest of human RT cells in the lungs of mice was not diminished by inhibition of tf however inhibition of tf receptor function and consequent reduction in local protease generation abolished prolonged adherence of tumor cells resulting in significantly reduced numbers of RT cells retained in the vasculature of the lungs the growth of pulmonary metastases was also significantly inhibited by a blocking antitf monoclonal antibody and fab fragments thereof whereas a noninhibitory antibody lacked antimetastatic effects cell surface expression of functional tf thus contributes to melanoma progression by allowing M1 cells to provide requisite signals for prolonged adhesive interactions andor transmigration of RT cells across the endothelium resulting in successful metastatic tumor implantation | MEDAL |
pctn is an armadillo repeat domain protein with structural similarity to the cell adhesion cofactors betacatenin and plakoglobin all three proteins interact directly with the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane cell adhesion molecule EC betacatenin and plakoglobin bind a carboxyterminal region in a mutually exclusive manner while p binds the juxtamembrane region unlike betacatenin and PG p does not interact with alphacatenin the tumor suppressor APC apc or the transcription factor lef suggesting that it has unique IB partners and plays a distinct role in the cadherincatenin complex using p as bait we conducted a yeast twohybrid screen and identified a novel transcription factor which we named kaiso kaisos deduced CAA CS revealed an aminoterminal btbpoz proteinprotein interaction domain and three carboxyterminal zinc fingers of the ch dnabinding type kaiso thus belongs to a rapidly growing family of pozzf transcription AF that include the drosophila developmental regulators tramtrak and bric à brac and the human oncoproteins bcl and plzf which are causally linked to nonhodgkins lymphoma and acute promyelocytic one respectively monoclonal antibodies to kaiso were generated and used to immunolocalize the protein and confirm the specificity of the pkaiso interaction in rat cells kaiso specifically coprecipitated with a variety of pspecific monoclonal antibodies but not with antibodies to alpha or betacatenin ecadherin or apc like other pozzf proteins kaiso localized to the nucleus and was associated with TPS nuclear dots yeast twohybrid interaction assays mapped the IB domains to arm repeats to of p and the carboxyterminal amino acids of kaiso in addition kaiso homodimerized via its poz domain but it did not heterodimerize with bcl which heterodimerizes with plzf the involvement of pozzf proteins in development and CA makes kaiso an interesting candidate for a downstream effector of cadherin andor p signaling | MEDAL |
eight hundred and eight subjects participated in three surveys of random samples of people aged years or more living in their own homes neurological history and examination showed the prevalence of completed stroke to be per eightyseven subjects per gave a history of transient cerebral ischaemic attacks these prevalence rates were unaffected by age or sex senile dementia was diagnosed in subjects per under years and per over that age the prevalence of PSD of all types was per under and per over years of age PD was diagnosed in subjects per and essential tremor in per the prevalence of epilepsy was four subject per other neurological disorders were diagnosed in subjects and a similar number had neurological CA to which a definite diagnosis could not be given | MEDAL |
the kinetic profile of ethanol and ethyl TG etg in SS was investigated in three subject CG healthy moderately drinking volunteers daily NI less than g ethanol who ingested a single dose of ethanol in this group the maximum of serum ethyl glucuronide concentration setgc and of SS ethanol concentration sec did not exceed mgl and gl respectively etg peaked to h later than ethanol etg was eliminated with a terminal halflife of to h etg decreased slower than ethanolthe metabolite could still be determined in SS up to h T3 complete ethanol elimination in SS samples of teetotalers neither ethanol nor etg could be found in of serum samples of drivers suspected of driving under the influence of ethanol setgc was found between the limre of lumbar posterior root ganglia was investigated in human fetuses aged weeks using the corrosion casting technique and scanning electron microscopy the arterial supply consisted of one main artery and occasional arterioles entering the ganglion at its pole and running axially while the A-V drainage was located at the periphery of the ganglion thus indicating a centrifugal DP of blood flow the dense capillary network of the ganglion showed the roughly parallel course of the vessels in the CE zone and an irregular arrangement in the IP zone where capillaries formed nests probably surrounding individual perikaryons of ganglionic cells the capillaries had a sinusoidal character with numerous dilatations about twice the normal capillary size as well as occasional larger V1 spaces resulting from capillary interconnections and suggesting the intussusceptive type of angiogenesis | MEDAL |
a highsensitivity cardiac troponin t hsctnt concentration above the th percentile ie ngl is common during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aecopd and associated with increased mortality the objective of the study was to identify AF associated with hsctnt levels during aecopd | MEDAL |
pregnancy loss in beef cattle after d of gestation is variable but it has been reported to be as great as and has been related to transportation or handling stress the primary objective of this study was to determine whether activation of the hypophysealadrenal axis with acth would mimic a stressful response and cause pregnancy loss in beef cattle a AA objective was to determine if a single i.t. of the pg synthesis inhibitor FM would attenuate the stress response and suppress SS pgfα concentrations to prevent pregnancy loss forty nonlactating beef cows that were ± d Pr were used for this study in a à factorial arrangement cows were randomly assigned to receive acth or iukg of bw intramuscularly im at and h of the T0 and FM or mgkg of bw im at h blood samples were collected from all cows at h and every min for h to measure SS cortisol and pgfα metabolite pgfm concentrations rectal temperature was collected for each cow at and min pregnancy exams were conducted and d after treatment by transrectal ultrasonography and the presence of a fetal heartbeat was used as an indicator of fetal viability serum cortisol concentration was affected p by acth time and the interaction of acth à time but not by flunixin meglumine p ⥠or any other interactions cortisol concentrations increased p in the SS of acthtreated cows immediately T3 acth treatment and remained increased p throughout the h sampling period SS pgfm concentration was not affected by acth p or by any interactions p with acth but was affected p by flunixin meglumine time and the interaction of FM à time regardless of dosage or mgkg of bw flunixin meglumine decreased p SS pgfm concentrations in both acthtreated and control cows for the duration of the T0 although acth treatment induced a prolonged increase in serum cortisol concentration none of the cows used in this T0 lost a pregnancy in conclusion the activation of the hypophysealadrenal axis with acth increased SS cortisol concentrations but did not increase serum concentrations of pgfm or cause pregnancy loss during early gestation in cows flunixin meglumine treatment suppressed SS pgfm concentrations in control and acthtreated cows | MEDAL |
although current influenza vaccines are effective in general there is an urgent need for the development of new technologies to improve vaccine production timelines capacities and immunogenicity herein we describe the development of an influenza vaccine technology which enables recombinant production of highly efficient influenza vaccines in bacterial expression systems the globular head domain of influenza hemagglutinin comprising most of the proteins neutralizing epitopes was expressed in e coli and covalently conjugated to bacteriophagederived viruslike particles produced independently in ecoli conjugate influenza vaccines produced this way were used to immunize mice and found to elicit immune sera with high antibody titers TPS for the native influenza hemagglutinin protein and high hemagglutinationinhibition titers moreover vaccination with these vaccines induced full protection against lethal challenges with rat and highly drifted influenza strains | MEDAL |
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