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the actn gene locates on qq and encodes the αactinin protein which is only expressed in human skeletal muscle and influenced muscle function and metabolism the previous studies reported that snp rs is associated with elite SP athletes performance in this study we investigated the association between five snps within the actn gene and chinese children PCS fitness we recruited han chinese children participants and measured their m run stand broad jump m shuttle run handgrip bmi calculated by weight and height data snps rs rs rs rs and rs of actn gene were genotyped and analyzed in five physical fitness data qtl analysis on genotype and PCS fitness data was carried out in all samples furthermore a dichotomous division of samples into an overweight group and a normal group was used for an association T0 of overweight in the qtl analysis we found rs was significantly associated with stand broad jump QTc p value beta T3 added age and gender as covariates in the regression test the association became more significant p value à | MEDAL |
the regulation of the asparagine synthetase a gene of escherichia coli was studied in vitro with a coupled transcriptiontranslation system it was shown that the kilodalton gene which is transcribed divergently from the adjacent asna gene codes for an activator of asna transcription the synthesis of the kilodalton protein which we now call asnc is autogenously regulated the stimulating effect of asnc on asna transcription is abolished by asparagine while the AR of asnc is not affected by asparagine the nterminal part of the asnc protein inferred from the dna sequence is rat to the dnabinding domain of regulatory proteins like catabolite gene activator cro and ci this homology and direct repeats found in the region of the two asn promoters suggest that the asnc protein regulates transcription by binding to dna the asn promoters were defined by mapping of the mrna start sites of in vitrogenerated transcripts | MEDAL |
visual scoring has been used to evaluate ethnic differences in skin wrinkling but it is not sufficient to fully evaluate those differences in wrinkles we examined whether both the roughness analysis of the skin and visual scoring are sufficient to characterize ethnic differences in wrinkles in japanese chinese and german women one hundred and five japanese chinese and german agematched women participated in this T0 the severity of their wrinkles in the skin at two sites at the periphery of the eye was evaluated by VS using a photoscale and by roughness values obtained from threedimensional analysis of skin replicas slight but significant differences were scarcely observed between japanese and chinese women as well as between japanese and german women at the same age group using the VS method however significant and clearer differences among those ethnic groups were observed using the roughness analysis of skin replicas below the eye significant differences among those ethnic groups were observed using both visual wrinkle scoring and roughness analysis however the extent of increased roughness values with age was relatively small compared with the increased wrinkle scores these results show that roughness analysis is more CS than the visual scoring method when comparing ethnic differences in wrinkles we conclude that roughness analysis of the skin is an important secondary evaluation criterion to visual scoring necessary to evaluate ethnic differences of wrinkles | MEDAL |
cd apofas is a prototype DR characterized by the presence of an CAA DD in its CT this domain is essential for the recruitment of a number of signaling components upon activation by either agonistic OKT3 or cognate cd ligand that initiate apoptosis the complex of proteins that forms upon triggering of cd is called the deathinducting signaling complex disc the disc consists of an adaptor protein and Inr caspases and is essential for induction of apoptosis a number of proteins have been reported to regulate formation or activity of the disc this review discusses recent developments in this area of death receptor research | MEDAL |
the microenvironment within tumors is significantly different from that in normal tissues a L1 difference is seen in the chaotic vasculature of PT which results in unbalanced blood supply and significant perfusion heterogeneities as a consequence many regions within tumors are transiently or chronically hypoxic this exacerbates RT cells natural tendency to overproduce acids resulting in very acidic ph values the hypoxia and pH of PT have important consequences for antitumor therapy and can contribute to the progression of PT to a more aggressive M1 phenotype over the past decade techniques have emerged that allow the interrogation of the RT microenvironment with high resolution and molecularly TPS probes techniques are available to interrogate perfusion vascular distribution ph and po nondestructively in living tissues with relatively high precision studies employing these methods have provided new insights into the causes and consequences of the hostile tuctive in placebocontrolled trials for acute disease and for LT maintenance of remission later studies found that the active moiety is asa 5-ASA mesalamine and the sulfapyridine moiety acts as a carrier molecule but causes many of the symptomatic adverse reactions | MEDAL |
a screening using several fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium pleurotus ostreatus trametes versicolor and aureobasidium pullulans was performed on the Kd of syringol derivatives of azo dyes possessing either carboxylic or sulphonic groups under optimized conditions previously established by us t versicolor showed the best biodegradation performance and its potential was confirmed by the degradation of differently substituted fungal bioaccessible dyes enzymatic assays lignin peroxidase manganese peroxidase laccase proteases and glyoxal oxidase and gcms analysis were performed upon the assay obtained using the most degraded dye the ID of hydroxylated metabolites allowed us to propose a possible metabolic pathway biodegradation assays using mixtures of these bioaccessible dyes were performed to evaluate the possibility of a fungal wastewater treatment for textile industries | MEDAL |
exp were conducted to determine the effects of inclusion level of wheat middlings and soya bean meal on apparent total tract digestibility attd of energy and chemical components of these ingredients in growing pigs furthermore the effects of the inclusion level on their contents of DE de and ME me were also determined by the difference method in experiment six diets were fed to growing pigs according to a completely randomised design the BD was a cornsoya bean meal diet while the other five diets contained or of WM added at the expense of corn and soya bean meal the measured digestibility of energy and most nutrients of wheat middlings increased p with increasing levels of that ingredient equations were obtained to predict digestibility by inclusion level at an inclusion level of WM their de contents were significantly lower mjkg dm than for the higher C2 to mjkg dm p in experiment three diets were fed to growing pigs according to a CR randomised block design the BD was a cornbased diet while the other two diets were based on corn and two C2 of soya bean meal and the content of de in soya bean meal did not differ at and inclusion levels and mjkg dm respectively but the digestibility of DM dm organic matter and carbohydrates was increased at a higher inclusion level p this study revealed that the estimated digestibility of nutrients from soya bean meal and WM was affected by their dietary inclusion levels for soya bean meal the estimated energy contents was independent of its inclusion level but not for wheat middlings therefore the inclusion level of wheat middlings has to be considered for estimating their energy value | MEDAL |
in the course of screening for antidementia agents from natural products two betasecretase bace inhibitors were isolated from the husk of pomegranate punica granatum by activityguided purification they were identified as ellagic acid and punicalagin with ic values of x and x m and ki values of x and x m respectively the compounds were noncompetitive inhibitors with a ATP in the dixon plot EA and punicalagin were less GABA to alphasecretase tace and other serine proteases such as chymotrypsin trypsin and PE thus indicating that they were relatively TPS inhibitors of bace | MEDAL |
paneth cells residing at the base of the small intestinal crypts contribute to the mucosal intestinal first line defense by secreting LG filled with antimicrobial polypeptides including lysozyme these cells derive from the columnar intestinal SC located at position and the TA cell located at position in the crypts we have previously shown that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium st a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans effects an overall reduction of lysozyme in the small intestine to extend this work we examined smallintestinal tissue sections at various time points T3 st infection to quantify and localize expression of lysozyme and assess paneth cell abundance apoptosis and the expression of paneth cell differentiation markers in response to infection with st the intestinal paneth cellspecific lysozyme content the number of lysozymepositive paneth cells and the number of LG per paneth cell decreased however this was accompanied by increases in the total number of paneth cells and the frequency of mitotic events in crypts by increased IF for the Ki-67 pcna primarily at the crypt side walls where the TA cell resides and not at the crypt base and by AI events in villi furthermore we found a timedependent upregulation of first βcatenin followed by ephb and lastly sox in response to st which was not observed after infection with a salmonella pathogenicity island mutant deficient in type iii secretion our data strongly suggest that in response to st infection a paneth cell differentiation program is initiated that leads to an expansion of the paneth cell population and that the TA cell is likely the main progenitor responder infectioninduced expansion of the paneth cell population may represent an acute intestinal inflammatory response similar to neutrophilia in SVR infection | MEDAL |
the progressive metastatic spread from subcutaneous transplants of two subpopulations of the mouse b melanoma slowgrowing clone g and fastgrowing clone g was examined during RT growth in B6 mice and T3 surgical excision of tumors of various sizes in addition to enumeration of visible and lethal or potentially lethal clinically relevant metastases the occurrence of visibly undetectable proliferating occult or nonproliferating dormant micrometastases was assessed by implanting CL nodes and organs subcutaneously into NM and monitoring for resulting RT growth occult or dormant metastases were disseminated initially to the lungs from g tumors of mm in mean geometric diameter mgd and g tumors of mm in mgd the ipsilateral axillary CL node ialn the regional draining CL node for these PT received metastases after the lungs initially from to mm PT subsequently occult or dormant and visible metastases first appeared in SVR organs and lymph nodes kidneys adrenal PG ovaries and contralateral axillary lymph node at tumor sizes of about mm in mgd SVR metastases occurred only in mice with large and numerous lung metastases and did not depend on the continuing presence of the subcutaneous tumor or on the presence of ialn metastases which indicated that established lung metastases were a genbowel one confirmed by roentgenograms and each eventually had high sweat chloride levels each neonate had from to watersoluble contrast enemas administered slowly by syringe over to minutes eight enemas were successful in relieving the one four newborns requiring only one enema fourteen were unsuccessful three having more than one enema seven of these had IA pathology that would have required surgery in five babies the bowel was perforated by the enema the colon in three and terminal ileum in two these perforations were all immediately recognized during the course of the enema and operated on forthwith a stoma was made in four cases only one of these five babies would have required an operation because of a volvulus there were no fluid or electrolyte disturbances caused by the contrast material and none of the babies with perforations died although this enema technique was successful in one third of cases and despite the fact that perforations ensued in one quarter of cases the procedure still seems warranted if the following precautions are taken establishment of proper temperature fluid and electrolyte balance the radiologist is not rushed is extremely gentle willing to repeat the study until no further progress is evident the surgeon is available for an immediate LAP should a perforation occurabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in this paper weightedpermutation entropy wpe is applied to investigating the complexity abnormalities of alzheimers disease ad by analyzing channel electroencephalograph eeg signals from severe ad patients and agematched normal subjects the wpe values are estimated in the delta the theta the alpha and the beta subbands for each channel with an overlapped sliding window wpe is modified from the permutation entropy pe which has been recently suggested as a measurement to extract the complexity of the eeg signals the advantage of wpe over pe is verified by both the MM simulated and the experimental eeg signals although the results show that both the average pe and wpe of ad patients are decreased in contrast with the normal group in these four subbands especially in the theta band wpe can exhibit a better performance in distinguishing the ad patients from the normal controls by the more significant differences in the four subbands which may be attributed to the brain dysfunction thus it suggests that wpe may become a probable useful tool to detect brain dysfunction in ad and it seems to be promising to disclose the CA of brain activity for other neural disease | MEDAL |
in CE nervous system GABA acid gaba inhibits neuronal activity by acting on gaba type a gabaa receptors these heterooligomeric integral membrane proteins include a gabagated cl channel and various allosteric modulatory sites where endogenous modulators and anxiolytic drugs act to regulate gaba action in vivo various anxiolytic drugs exhibit a wide range of R2 in their modulatory tau and potency of gaba action for instance bretazenil modulatory tau is much lower than that of diazepam such low tau could be due either to a preferential modulation of specific gabaa receptor subtypes or to a low modulatory tau at every gabaa receptor AT1 to address these questions we studied druginduced modifications of gabaactivated cl currents in native gabaa receptors of cortical SN in primary cultures and in recombinant gabaa receptors transiently expressed in transformed human embryonic kidney cells after transfection with cdnas encoding different molecular forms of alpha beta and gamma subunits of gabaa receptors in cortical neurons the efficacy of bretazenil was lower than that of diazepam whereas the potency of the two drugs was similar in cells transfected with gamma subunits and various molecular forms of alpha and beta subunits bretazenil efficacy was always lower than that of diazepam however in cells transfected with gamma or gamma subunits and various forms of alpha and beta subunits the efficacy of both diazepam and bretazenil was lower and always of similar magnitude when bretazenil and diazepam were applied together to gabaa receptors including a gamma subunit the action of diazepam was curtailed in a manner related to the dose of bretazenil | MEDAL |
MVP has been associated with septal to aortic root angle CA determined by echocardiography thallium imaging in the anterior view permits visualization of the left ventricular long axis in the present study the vertical angle was defined as the angle formed by the long axis of the left ventricle and a horizontal L1 the vertical angle was determined in patients who had tl stress testing and mmode echocardiography GI patients had mitral valve prolapse and group ii patients did not have MVP the vertical angle and ultrasound were read blinded to each other height weight and BS area were compared for the two CG and receiver operator curve analysis performed vertical angle measured by tl was significantly more vertical in patients with mitral valve prolapse receiver operator curve analysis showed that an angle of greater than degrees successfully identified patients with mitral valve prolapse with a sensitivity of and a specificity of there were no significant differences in height weight or BS area between the two CG thus patients with mitral valve prolapse have more vertically positioned NF than patients without mitral valve prolapse independent of body habitus the different appearance of a vertically oriented HR may contribute to falsepositive readings of tl images | MEDAL |
embryonic stem es cells are pluripotent cells with great potential in regenerative medicine however controlling praderwilli and angelman syndromes whose phenotypes result from loss of paternal or maternal contribution of the qq genomic region respectively PWS syndrome is characterized by pre and PN hypotonia feeding difficulties in early life and subsequent hyperphagia with obsessivecompulsive food searching obesity SS hypogonadism and acromicria psychomotor development is mildly affected and behavioral problems are more relevant patients with angelman syndrome show a completely different phenotype characterized by severe mental retardation absent speech autisticlike behavior severe epilepsy and PN microcephaly | MEDAL |
the mode of deposition secretion of galactomannan in the cells of the seed endosperm oftrigonella foenumgraecum has been studied by electron microscopy in cells which are just beginning to secrete GM there are stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum er the intracisternal space containing the enchylema of the Rg er then swells becomes vacuolated and forms a voluminous network with pockets of cytoplasm entrapped within poculiform Rg er the enchylema contains material which reacts with PA-TCH-SP in a very similar manner to the GM already deposited in the cell wall it appears that the galactomannan is formed in the intracisternal space of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then expelled outside the plasmalemma this mode of deposition contrasts with that of other plant cell wall polysaccharides whose secretion is mediated by golgi vesicles | MEDAL |
it is known that plants contain ferredoxin fddependent nitrite reductase nir and glu synthase gogat the fdnir reaction produces ammonia from nitrite and the activity is usually measured by nitrite disappearance the fdgogat reaction forms two glutamates of different origin from glutamine and oxoglutarate and the activity is measured by the oxidation of reductant nadph or by formation of total glu here a quantitative probe of the products and efficiency of the process was conducted using n tracing techniques on these reactions in vitro we quantified the reduction of nlabeled formula see text to formula see text and the formation of nglutamate and nglutamate from namideglutamine plus oxoglutarate by nir and gogat respectively with the reductantfdnadp oxidoreductase fnrfd system as the sequential electron donors the supply of dithionite or nadph to recombinant cyanobacterial nir led to electron donation systemdependent formation of nammonium from nnitrite addition of mm nacl and mm naascorbate accelerated nitrite reduction under high concentrations of nadph a sufficient supply of nadph to recombinant zea mays fdgogat generated complete gogat activity transferring the namide of glutamine to oxoglutarate to form nglutamate whereas a shortage of nadph resulted in GA activity only which removed the amide from glutamine and released ammonia and nglutamate we conclude that although the recombinant fdgogat enzyme has two forms of glu synthesis the first by glutaminase ammonia release by glutamine amidotransferase and the second by glutamate synthase coupling of the ammonia and exogenously applied oxoglutarate the first works without nadph while the second is strictly dtion the literature described two affected sibships with SCV in slca all cases had skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy omim we report here two new patients who had neonatal cardiomyopathy one of whom did not have skeletal myopathy nor elevated lactate patient had a homozygous splice site variant cag which has been previously reported in a turkish family patient was found to be a compound heterozygote for two novel SCV ctg pleutrp and c delggtagcagtgcttinscagatac pglyserdelinsglnilepro protein structure analysis indicated that both SCV are likely to be pathogenic sequencing of slca should be considered in patients with isolated cardiomyopathy even those without generalized skeletal myopathy or lactic acidosis | MEDAL |
we evaluated whether a FT ai tai protocol could yield PRs similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus or PCD of estrus and ai plus a cleanup tai for heifers not detected in estrus and whether adding an injection of gnrh at controlled internal drug release cidr IS would enhance fertility in cidrbased protocols estrus in replacement beef heifers at locations was synchronized and ai was preceded by of treatments arranged as a x factorial design estrus detection tai etai n cidr for d plus mg of prostaglandin falpha pg at cidr insert removal followed by detection of estrus for h and ai for h after pg heifers not detected in estrus by h received microg of gnrh and tai getai n etai plus microg gnrh at cidr IS FT ai ftai n cidr for d plus mg of pg at cidr removal followed in h by a second injection of gnrh and tai gftai n ftai plus microg of gnrh at cidr insertion blood samples were collected d and relative to pg to determine ovarian status for heifers in etai and getai treatments a minimum of twice daily observations for estrus began on d and continued for at least h inseminations were performed according to the ampm rule pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography the percentage of heifers exhibiting ovarian cyclic activity at the initiation of treatments was PRs among locations across treatments ranged from to PRs were and for etai getai ftai and gftai treatments respectively although pregnancy rates were similar among treatments a tendency p occurred for PRs in the getai treatment to be greater than in the ftai treatment we concluded that the gftai protocol yielded pregnancy rates similar to protocols that combine estrus detection and tai further the gftai protocol produced the most consistent pregnancy rates among locations and eliminated the necessity for PCD of estrus when inseminating replacement beef heifers | MEDAL |
the effect of antireflux operation on the NK PH of CLE cle is not fully understood the aim of this study was to asresults of preschool vision screening and to evaluate new referral criteria in a swedish city region prior to all children with visual acuity va of less than at the age of years were referred to an eye clinic since those with slightly reduced va in each eye or in one eye and in the other have been retested at years of age and referred if their va is less than | MEDAL |
comparative studies evaluating traditional versus newer antianginal aa medications in chronic SAP csa on cardiovascular cv outcomes and utilization are limited particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus dm claims data to were analyzed using a commercial DB patients with csa receiving a β blocker bb calcium channel blocker ccb LA nitrate lan or ranolazine were identified and followed for months T3 a change in aa therapy patients on traditional aa medications were required to have concurrent sublingual nitroglycerin therapy NC was defined as adding or switching to another traditional aa medication or ranolazine to identify patients whose angina was inadequately controlled with previous therapy four CG were identified bb ccb lan or ranolazine users and matched on relevant characteristics a dm subset was identified LR compared revascularization at and days NB regression compared allcause cv and dmrelated in the dm cohort health care utilization a total of patients were identified with patients in each matched group majority were men mean age years a subset of patients with dm bb n ccb n lan n and ranolazine n resulted from this cohort compared to ranolazine in the overall cohort traditional aa medication exhibited greater odds for revascularization and higher rates in allcause outpatient emergency room visits inpatient length of stay and cvrelated ER visits in the dm cohort ranolazine demonstrated similar benefits over traditional aa medication in conclusion ranolazine use in patients with inadequately controlled chronic angina is associated with less revascularization and allcause and cvrelated health care utilization compared to traditional aa medication | MEDAL |
type ii rothmundthomson syndrome type ii rts is a rare AR genetic disorder characterized by a congenital skin rash birth defects of the skeleton genomic instability and cancer predisposition it is caused by mutations in the recql gene and thus represents one of the three cancerprone genetic diseases that are caused by mutations in a recq helicaseencoding gene genomic instability has been suspected as a L1 underlying cause of this disease and analyses of type ii rts patientderived cells demonstrate unusually high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations suggesting the involvement of CIN however the nature of the instability induced by recql mutations has not been clearly defined we created a viable recql mutant mouse model these mice exhibit a distinctive skin abnormality birth defects of the skeletal system genomic instability and increased cancer susceptibility in a sensitized genetic BG thus they provide a useful model for studying type ii rts in addition we demonstrate that cells from these mutant mice have HF of premature centromere separation and aneuploidy thus our observations provide evidence for a previously unsuspected role for recql in sisterchromatid cohesion and suggest that the CIN may be the underlying cause of cancer predisposition and birth defects in these mutant mice | MEDAL |
we describe a case of mevalonate kinase deficiency mkd also known as hyperimmunoglobulinemia d syndrome hids presenting as a sweetlike syndrome in a weekold with multiple erythematous plaques fever aseptic meningitis and bronchiolitis the locations of the predominant plaques were periumbilical and periocular which originally prompted concern for omphalitis and preseptal cellulitis histopathology demonstrated a neutrophilic and histiocytic dermatitis with prominent squamous syringometaplasia and leukocytoclasis in the absence of a vasculitis this case is reported here due to the unique findings of a prominent histiocytic component in addition to the typically described neutrophilic infiltrate | MEDAL |
freshly formed benzamidine crystals were found to provide a suitable nucleation surface for crystallisation of bacteriorhodopsin at degrees c and octylglucoside pseudohexagonal needles of bacteriorhodopsin nucleated on the benzamidine surface at degrees c and reduced detergent concentration a new betterordered orthorhombic crystal form of bacteriorhodopsin was formed by heterogeneous nucleation on benzamidine polarised absorption spectroscopy and flash photolysis experiments were used to show that the crystalline bacteriorhodopsin is photoactive in both forms the mintermediate absorbs maximally at nm and formation of m does not disturb the crystal lattice the plateshaped crystals diffract to a resolution of a along the a and b directions and to a in the c direction the most likely space group of the crystals is c a a b a c a the crystals are built from layers of bacteriorhodopsin molecules that are tilted from the c axis by about degrees in addition as a BG to the discovery of the new crystal form the influence of different detergents additives and precipitants on the formation of pseudohexagonal needles is presented | MEDAL |
genetic AF are implicated in the response of normal subjects to SH b vaccine the aim of our study was to investigate if hla class i and ii proteins could participate in a nonresponse to this vaccine in immunocompromised namely HD patients one hundred and seven HD patients men and women mean age years were vaccinated with pasteur hevac b vaccine with a mean delay of months following the ON of chronic HD were considered nonresponders when their SS antihbs remained less than muiml on at least two occasions within the months following the vaccination hlaa b and dr antigens were determined by complementdependent microlymphotoxicity ninety patients were responders and nonresponders the hlaa b and dr frequency was higher in nonresponders and respectively than in responders and respectively the D2 haplotype hlaa b dr was more frequent in the former than in the latter p less than there was only one female within the nonresponders as compared to in the responders p less than we conclude that genetic determinants sex and hla markers play a critical role in the induction of an antihbs immune response in both immunoincompetent hemodialyzed patients and normal immunocompetent hosts | MEDAL |
pancreatic cancer is resistant to almost all classes of cytotoxic agents gemcitabine seems to be the current drug of choice we have recently reported that inhibition of the PI kinaseprotein kinase b pkbakt cell survival pathway by WM enhances gemcitabineinduced apoptosis in cultured human pancreatic cancer cells the present study investigated the effects of WM on orthotopic human pancreatic CA xenografts implanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice animals were given single iv bolus injections of or mgkg of WM and killed at or h T3 treatment phosphorylated pkbakt levels in tumor tissues were measured by fluorescence image analysis wortmannin was found to inhibit pkbakt phosphorylation in a time and dosedependent manner reaching a plateau at h and at mgkg the levels of phosphorylated pkbakt were maximally decreased by approximately relative to the VH control subsequently the extent of apoptosis in PT treated with gemcitabine or wortmannin CT or in combination was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated nick end labeling assay and computerized image analysis orthotopic tumors exposed to mgkg gemcitabine for h and then mgkg wortmannin for h showed a fold increase p in apoptosis compared with those treated with each agent alone and with the VC the combination treatment also significantly p inhibited tumor growth taken together our findings support the potential of phosphatidylinositide kinase inhibitors as adjuncts to conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic CA | MEDAL |
shellfish can be a component of a healthy diet due to a low fat and high protein content but the cholesterol content of some species is often cited as a reason to limit their consumption data on levels of noncholesterol sterols in commonly consumed species are lacking | MEDAL |
organizational characteristics may impede the uniform adoption of advance care planning acp best practices we conducted telephone interviews with site directors of a midwestern states medicaid waiver program po by the area agencies on aging and surveyed the care managers registered nurses and social workers employed within these agencies care managers at agencies reported more frequent acp discussions and higher C2 of confidence both sites had acp training programs followup protocols and informational packets available for consumers that were not consistently available at the other agencies the findings point to the need for consistent educational programs and policies on acp and more in depth examination of the values beliefs and resources that account for organizational differences in acp | MEDAL |
estrogen exerts important feedback effects upon the biosynthetic and secretory SMB of gonadotropinreleasing hormone gnrh SN to control reproductive functioning the mechanism of estrogen action upon these neurons is unclear and seems likely to involve the transsynaptic regulation of gnrh SN the objective of the present T0 was to identify the estrogenreceptive neural populations which project to the GA vicinity of the gnrh perikarya in the rostral preoptic area and diagonal band of broca rpoadbb of the ewe IN breedingseason ewes received an i.t. of the VA tracer fluorogold fg into the rpoadbb and their hypothalami and brainstems examined for the presence of fg and estrogen receptor alpha eralpha immunocytochemistry retrogradely labeled SN were identified principally within the LS ls lamina terminalis bed nucleus of the ST poa arcuate nucleus arn ventromedial nucleus vmn and ME smaller numbers of fgimmonoreactive cells were found in the caudal BS where they resided mostly in the VL medulla vlm duallabeled cells exhibiting both fg and eralpha staining were prominent in the poa ls and at all rostrocaudal levels of the vmn and arn small numbers of duallabeled cells were found in the vlm these observations indicate that a number of distinct eralphaexpressing neural populations project to the rpoadbb where the majority of the gnrh perikarya are found in the ewe although it is not possible to determine the direct connectivity of these projections with gnrh neurons the findings provide an initial neuroanatomical framework through which the transsynaptic actions of estrogen on ovine gnrh SN may be tested | MEDAL |
planthoppers are important worldwide crop pests as well as vectors of numerous diseases different species transmit mal de rÃo cuarto virus which causes the most economically important corn disease in central argentina epidemiological studies rely on the accurate ID of the species present in the field presently morphological ID of planthoppers requires taxonomic expertise and there are no taxonomic keys for females and nymphs nevertheless no molecular protocols are available for accurate species ID of most frequent delphacid species from CE argentina in this context the aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the cytochrome oxidase i gene coi as a dna barcode and its digestion with restriction enzymes restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp for the ID of the most common species of planthoppers in CE argentina we amplified and sequenced a bp fragment of the coi gene of taxonomically identified specimens and evaluated its use as a dna barcode restriction enzymes were also selected for digesting the coi fragment via rflp the high interspecific variability ± and low intraspecific divergence ± observed in the studied species demonstrate the effectiveness of the coi gene for species ID of major vector delphacids affecting corn crops in argentina moreover the digestion of this coi gene fragment with bfa i and apo i enzymes allows a fast and costeffective species ID method when numerous specimens need to be processed both molecular techniques developed here allow the accurate identification of planthopper species at regional scale these new tools would assist traditional ID of these insects especially for aiding nonexperts in morphological taxonomy | MEDAL |
this paper reviews existing publications on the use of piracetam for the treatment of cortical myoclonus of various etiologies and includes the personal experience of the authors in progressive myoclonus epilepsy two doubleblind comparisons with placebo provided results which allow recommendations for the dosage and usage of PIR in cortical myoclonus wide individual variation g daily exists in dosage requirements but responses are doserelated so that dosage should be increased until an optimum effect is obtained tolerability after longterm use of piracetam in high dosage has been very good and without toxicity or serious adverse effects side effects have been occasional mild and transient the authors present their experience of patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy in whom the administration of up to g piracetam daily when added to existing antiepileptic treatment caused marked and sometimes spectacular improvement and was without significant adverse effects improvement was maintained for up to years the use of PIR for disabling cortical myoclonus of any etiology either as an addition to existing antimyoclonic drugs or as monotherapy may bring about profound improvement in disability and SQ of life PIR should be considered a firstline drug for the treatment of cortical myoclonus | MEDAL |
current study employs fluorescence spectroscopy uvvis absorbance spectroscopy dynamic CS scattering dls and CV cv to investigate the interaction of safranine dye with spherical shaped silver NPs agnps coated with trisodium citrate in fluorescence spectroscopic T0 we used the agnps and safranine dye as component molecules for the construction of fret whereas agnps serve as donor fluorophore and safranine as acceptor the fluorescence quenching of agnps followed by sensitization of safranine occurs almost simultaneously by addition of safranine dye with different concentrations indicating fluorescence energy transfer observed between them interaction between safranine and agnps is also confirmed by using uvvis absorption spectroscopy addition of safranine results in the significant decrease in the absorbance of agnps at nm and simultaneous increase in the absorbance of safranine at and nm which is indication of rapid binding of safranine molecules with agnps however cv measurements reveals that the safranine molecule does not alter the redox properties of the agnps but the safranine molecule lose their redox properties upon getting bonded with agnps this clearly confirms that the safranine molecules get attached on the surface of agnps which was also supported by the dls as well as ZP measurement | MEDAL |
the regional differentiation of carotid sinus control of arterial pressureflow relationships was studied in chloraloseanesthetized dogs simulatneous pressureflow measurements were made in the ascending aorta the celiac artery the cranial mesenteric i.a. the renal i.a. and the FA artery the carotid sinuses were bilaterally isolated and perfused with pulsatile pressure the openloop reflex gain was not symmetrical about and was maximum at pressures below the closed loop operating point pressure changes in both peripheral resistance and cardiac SO contributed significantly to the openloop gain with the former predominating aortic impedance for frequencies above hz was at a minimum at the closedloop operating point and increased for both higher and lower values of CSP for the frequency range from to hz regional impedance in all of the beds varied inversely with carotid sinus pressure the sensitivity of the various beds to changes in carotid sinus pressure around the operating point increased in the order celiac less than MES less than renal less than femoral following vagotomy operating point values of regional resistance and sensitivity were significantly increased this fact suggests that the aortic arch receptors exert a significant influence on regional V1 impedance at operating point pressures the fraction of cardiac SO in the celiac MES and renal beds was nearly independent of CSP before and after vagotomy but that in the FA bed increased with carotid sinus pressure these results demonstrate the nonuniform nature of carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor control of regional blood flow | MEDAL |
fortythree MI ami were studied with serial 2DE echocardiography de to define a highrisk subset for inhospital cardiovascular complications including pump failure lifethreatening arrhythmias or death a de segment score was developed representing the extent of left ventricular lv regional wall motion abnormality wma which was correlated with peak total creatine kinase ck release patients with transmural ami had a segment score of whereas those with nontransmural ami had a segment score of p less than peak total SS ck enzyme level correlated statistically with segment score but with a low rho coefficient thirteen of the patients had an inhospital complication and their segment score was compared to in those patients without a complication p less than a segment score greater than or equal to was found in of of those who suffered a cardiac complication and in only five of the patients without complication p less than sensitivity specificity patients initial clinical killip classification was specific but very insensitive in predicting an early complicated course thus de T0 of lv RWM can predict in the immediate postami stage the inhospital likelihood of such patients developing a cardiovascular complication during AIM | MEDAL |
we present a simple method to measure the contribution from acoustic phonons to the linear electrooptic effect a step voltage with a short rise time ps is applied to the sample and the electrooptic response is measured in the time domain for the organic salt n ndimethylaminonmethylstilbazolium tosylate dast we obtained a negative contribution of ra pmv to the overall electrooptic coefficient of r pmv lambda nm the electrooptic response was limited only by the rise time of the applied Vc which corresponds to a frequency of ghz | MEDAL |
group b streptococcal disease is one of the most common infections in the first week after birth in national guidelines recommended universal late antenatal screening of Pr women for colonization with group b streptococcus to identify candidates for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis | MEDAL |
cases of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in coronary HR disease were studied according to cohns classification system cases were totally asymptomatic type cases were asymptomatic with previous myocardial infarction type and cases were asymptomatic ischemia with angina type randomized crossing selfcontrolled observation methods were applied xinkening were used in treated group while persantin and aspirin were used in control group the result showed that stsegment depression were reduced in treated and control group in comparing with those obtained before treatment difference was significant p the tau of treated group compared with control also were significantly different p the former was better total time of ST showed similar result there was no adverse effect to HR liver kidney and blood no allergic reaction was found in this observation | MEDAL |
an association between GE reflux ger and asthma has been suggested for many decades although antireflux therapy medical and surgical has been shown to be beneficial in patients with asthma response to therapy has not been well quantified the aim of this study was to evaluate longterm outcome in patients with asthma and associated ger undergoing fundoplication from a DB of more than patients with ger treated surgically between and patients with asthma as their primary indication for surgery were identified asthma symptom scores were determined using the national asthma education program classification and medication frequency scores were determined preoperatively and at latest followup median followup years comparisons were made using the wilcoxon ranksum test asthma symptom scores decreased significantly T3 antireflux surgery more important the medication scores for use of SVR CSs decreased significantly postoperatively preoperatively vs postoperatively p of the nine patients who required daily OCS seven have discontinued treatment entirely in patients with asthma associated with ger symptoms of asthma are improved following fundoplication especially important has been the ability to wean patients from systemic CSs postoperatively fundoplication should be offered to those patients with gerassociated asthma especially those who are steroid dependent | MEDAL |
we present a case of BL otitis externa that did not respond to local treatment cutaneous biopsies revealed bilateral amyloid depositions secondary to multiple myeloma persistent identical BL canal lesions may be the only manifestation of treatable systemic disease and should be biopsied even though their bilaterality argues against malignancy | MEDAL |
this report the fifth of a series summarizes indications and donor source of hematopoietic F0 cell transplants performed in europe in and illustrates the evolution since teams in participating countries performed a total of transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants in there were only teams and a total of transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants main indications in were leukemias with transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants lymphomas with transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants severe AA with transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants ST with transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants and congenital disorders with transplants allogeneic and autologous transplants the relative propo is often considered less urgent and secondary to the basic unmet needs of the population nevertheless we think this concept may be applied to the AD but for the child with a preverbal deafness it must deserve immediate attention in order to prevent a very serious handicap limiting all his life schematically the three types of handicaps developed by a child with a preverbal hearing loss are presented and discussed the essential assumption however for any hearing aid program in d countries is the creation in loco of competent personnel for the prescription for fitting and checking the aids if d countries are to achieve this objective industrialized countries must begin to transfer technology and training to develop pilote centers | MEDAL |
to analyze the effects of serial transverse enteroplasty step on parenteral and EN calories in children with short bowel syndrome and examine short and longterm complications | MEDAL |
the argument that randomized placebocontrolled trials of homeopathy might usefully be replaced by observational studies audit and qualityof life assessment is considered randomized equivalence and patientpreference trials are proposed as more informative alternatives they have the merit of providing hard information for CHS on the comparative value of treatments and can facilitate internal comparisons of competing homeopathic methods the pragmatic approach also allows clinical NC during the homeopathic treatment of chronic disease to be assessed without the time constraints usually imposed by placebo controls | MEDAL |
the oxidative metabolism of diethylnitrosamine den was investigated by acetaldehyde determination using microsomes from nasal mucosa and CL of SDRs and nasal mucosa and liver of syrian golden hamsters to establish the role of metabolic activation in the organotargets for the carcinogenicity of the nitrosamine the hepatic microsomal deethylation of den followed simple and biphasic michaelismenten kinetics for rat CL and hamster CL respectively both deethylations were inducible by phenobarbital pb and the dendeethylase activities and the Km were determined microsomes from hamster CL showed a higher VO2 vmax and a better affinity km towards den with respect to microsomes from rat CL in hamster microsomes from nasal tissue biotransformed den at a rate and affinity quite similar to those of liver in contrast nasal mucosa of rat metabolized den poorly the effect of MET a CP inhibitor of p monooxygenases on den EROD was studied it inhibited both hepatic and nasal dendeethylase activity with greater affinity towards the latter in addition MET had a greater inhibitory effect on the hepatic p isozymes induced in pbtreated animals these results correlate well with the organotrophy of den carcinogenesis in the nasal region of hamster but not of rat they suggest that for the nose the S9 of den in situ is necessary to elicit its carcinogenic effect | MEDAL |
the pathophysiology of ureteropelvic junction obstruction is unknown using TPS antibodies we studied specimens from cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and of normal ureteropelvic junction by immunohistochemistry using MRP product a general neuronal marker s a supporting cell marker synaptophysin a NM junction marker and nerve growth factor receptor nerve growth factor expression was examined at the messenger ribonucleic acid mrna level using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction technique in ureteropelvic junction one specimens and controls the most striking finding was the marked reduction of MRP product synaptophysin and nerve growth factor receptor IF positive nerve SF in the muscle layers of ureteropelvic junction one compared to the normal ureteropelvic junction supporting nerve cell SF s were preserved in cases of ureteropelvic junction one and normal ureteropelvic junction a significantly less intense signal for nerve growth factor mrna was found in the ureteropelvic junction obstruction specimens compared to normal ureteropelvic junction these findings suggest that defective innervation may have an important role in the pathogenesis of ureteropelvic junction one and decreased nerve growth factor mrna expression may be important in the etiology of ureteropelvic junction one | MEDAL |
we have developed an in vitro mechanical stretching MM of osteoblastic cells cultured on metallic biomaterials in order to study the effects of mechanical CS on osteointegration of orthopaedic implants titanium alloy discs coated with alumina or hydroxyapatite were used as substrates three dynacell devices were especially designed to apply cyclic strains on rigid biomaterials the regimen mu epsilon strains hz was defined on the basis of physiological data and estimated deformation on hip stem prostheses the performances of these apparatus were reproducible and provided controlled deformations HOS mg human OBs obtained from primary cultures and ros rat osteosarcoma cells were used as cell models cell behaviour was assessed in terms of growth and ALP phosphatase alp activity by in situ assays for two regimens min deformations repeated three times a day to mimic rehabilitation exercises and h continuous deformations we demonstrated that continuous deformation did not affect the growth and alp activity of mg cells in contrast with sequential deformations which had no effect on cell number but which stimulated alp activity T3 days of stretching this sequential regimen can also modify the behaviour of human bonederived cells resulting in increased proliferation T3 days and stimulation of alp activity after days ros rat osteosarcoma cells submitted to sequential deformations responded faster than other cell lines by increasing their alp activity only T3 day of stretching like mg cells proliferation of the ros rat osteosarcoma cell line was not affected by sequential deformations this T0 suggests that short repeated deformations defined to mimic rehabilitation exercises recommended T3 prostheses implantation are more likely to exert beneficial effects on implanted bone than continuous strains | MEDAL |
the key step of the synthesis involves the reaction of glycals trioacetyldglucal the new glycal derivative oacetylanhydrodideoxycmethylomethyllribohexenitol and acetamidodioacetylanhydrodideoxydarabinohexenitol with molar equivalents of several alcohols in the presence of nbromosuccinimide in acetonitrile to give mainly the corresponding bromodeoxyalphaglycopyranosides the glycopyranosides and from and have the alphadmanno configuration and those from have the alphalaltro configuration the yields are high from virtually quantitative from and moderate from debromination of the bromodeoxy compounds with tributylstannane and a radical initiator gives the corresponding deoxyalphaglycopyranosides in quantitative yields in particular the branchedchain glycal reacts with alcohols to give exclusively the corresponding alphaglycopyranosides of cladinose in strikingly high overall yields the stereoselectivity and regiospecificity of the bromination reaction are described dibromodimethylhydantoin and nbromoacetamide are also found to be useful for the reaction | MEDAL |
tumor volume in the prostate needle biopsy is an important prognosticator for patients with prostate CA however the best method to measure RT volume in the prostate needle biopsy is unknown we compared the total percentage of biopsy tissue with cancer to the percentage of cores positive for their ability to predict adverse pathologic findings and biochemical failure after RP rp | MEDAL |
the latent membrane protein a lmpa of epsteinbarr virus ebv has been implicated in controlling viral RL due to the ability of lmpa to block b cell antigen receptor bcr signaling in vitro and to alter b cell OD and enhance b cell survival in vivo these lmpa functions require interactions with the protein TKs syk and lyn however a role for the brutons tyrosine kinase btk has not been investigated for these lmpa functions to investigate whether btk is important for lmpa developmental and survival signals in vivo lmpa transgenic animals were mated to btk deficient btk mice unlike lmpa btk transgenic littermate controls lmpa btk animals do not generate immunoglobulin ig receptorless B1 in the periphery and instead produce ig B1 similar to those in the btk mice interestingly however lmpa btk animals produce b cells at a vastly reduced level compared to btk littermates indicating that lmpa affects b cell development in the absence of btk in the rag btk double KO BG lmpa is still capable of enhancing the survival of igreceptorless b cells use of btk phosphopeptidespecific antibodies reveals that btk is constitutively phosphorylated in lmpaexpressing cell lines these data indicate that lmpa initiates both btkdependent and btkindependent pathways resulting in altered b cell OD and enhanced b cell survival | MEDAL |
this paper demonstrates that in sheep and goats the two definitive fetomaternal interface layers are developmentally related the fetal trophectoderm consists of binucleate and uninucleate cells the apical microvilli of the trophectoderm interdigitate with a SL consisting of syn plaques of limited area bounding the maternal connective tissue our previous histological ultrastructural and immunocytochemical work has indicated that throughout pregnancy the fetal binucleate cells migrate to and fuse with the uterine epithelium or its derivatives to form these syncytial plaques which constitute a persistent fetomaternal tissue unique to ruminants this quantitative ARG T0 of thymidine incorporation into sheep and goat placentas confirms the central role of the binucleate cell in placental growth demonstrates that throughout pregnancy all BNC migrate and indicates that most of the nuclei of the syn plaques which appear to have a limited lifespan derive from binucleate cell fusion | MEDAL |
we report on the properties of dihydroxydotriacontanebisrhodamine ester rhcrh in lipid bilayers of dioleoylsnglycerophosphocholine dopc and in liquid solvents the results are compared with those of Rh octadecanyl ester rhc both molecules are solubilized in the lipid bilayer and the rh moieties are anchored in the lipidwater interface so that the electronic transition dipole moments s âs are oriented preferentially in the plane of the bilayer at low concentrations of the dyes in lipid bilayers of dopc the fluorescence relaxation is single exponential with a lifetime of ϱ ns the relative fluorescence quantum yield of ÏcÏc â in dopc vesicles these results strongly suggest that only a small fraction of the rhcrh molecules are quenched by for example intra or intermolecular dimers in the ground state at mole fractions of less than in the lipid bilayers for rhcrh in lipid LDV the steadystate and TR fluorescence anisotropies are compatible with efficient intramolecular electronic SE transfer it is concluded that nearly every rhcrh molecule is spanning across the lipid bilayer of dopc | MEDAL |
strains of the plague microbe antigen complete and defective by fraction i and mouse toxin had the same in vitro susceptibility to ofloxacin mic mgl the drug was superior in its activity to pefloxacin and especially NAL in the experiments with albino mice prophylaxis days the ofloxacin efficacy was lower when the infection was due to the plague microbe strains deprived of the ability to produce fraction i and mouse toxin evident from a statistically significant increase of the drug ed and a decrease of the animal survival percentage when used in the doses corresponding to the human average daily doses ofloxacin provided effective animal protection to per cent survival after the prophylaxis for days and the treatment of the plague infection irrespective of the strains complete or antigen changed however when the infection is due to the antigen changed CS ofloxacin should be used in the maximum daily doses at least for days | MEDAL |
the nusglike protein from thermotoga maritima was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity purified t maritiave been reported in patients with bss gpibbeta differs from the other proteins in this receptor in that the gene is more complex and an alternative form is expressed in cells of nonmegakaryocytic lineage including EC cells it appears that the MK and EC cell mrna species are transcribed from different start sites and have different proximal promoter regions we have identified a patient with bss who has a deletion on one chromosome resulting in velocardiofacial syndrome the gpibbeta gene has been mapped to this deleted q region of chromosome the patient has greatly reduced C2 of gpibbeta mrna and no detectable platelet gpibbeta protein suggesting that his bss results from a mutation in his remaining gpibbeta allele CS analysis revealed that the coding region of gpibbeta is normal but the upstream region contains a c to g transversion at base from the transcription start site used in megakaryocytes the mutation changes a gata consensus IB site disrupts gata IB to the mutated site and decreases promoter activity by thus in this patient bernardsoulier syndrome results from a deletion of one copy of gpibbeta and a mutated gata binding site in the promoter of the remaining S2 resulting in decreased promoter function and gpibbeta gene transcription | MEDAL |
the bacterial metalloproteinase TLN catalyzes the efficient activation of prourokinase to an AS MW form of the protein thermolysin and plasmin convert prourokinase to enzymes of essentially equal MICs in amidolytic assays but with different molecular structures the bchains of the proteins produced by TLN and PL are of the same size kda and have the same aminoterminal sequences demonstrating that the cleavage of the lysile bond of prourokinase is catalyzed by both enzymes however TLN also reacts at additional CS in the growth factor domain of the achain at nearly the same rate as that of the activation reaction polypeptides derived from hydrolyses of the gluleu tyrphe asnile and lysphe bonds are recovered after reduction of the G1 protein the carboxyterminus of the achain has been shown to be arg a consequence of proteolysis of the argphe bond in contrast to PL TLN activates thrombininactivated prourokinase nearly as rapidly as it does the native zymogen thermolysin provides a useful alternative to PL for the catalytic activation and analysis of prourokinase since the bacterial metalloproteinase is SD in solution and not susceptible to inhibition by aprotinin and other serpins | MEDAL |
to evaluate the impact of adjuvant postoperative therapy in women with early stage uterine carcinosarcoma | MEDAL |
mucosal surfaces such as the lung and intestine are lined by a ML of epithelia that provides tissue barrier and transport CF it is recently appreciated that a common feature of inflammatory processes within the mucosa is hypoxia socalled inflammatory hypoxia given the strong association between BT and mucosal inflammatory disease we hypothesized that intestinal epithelial hypoxia influences BT initial studies revealed that SE of cultured intestinal epithelia to hypoxia po torr h resulted in a increase of up to fold in the translocation of some strains of grampositive bacteria independently of epithelial barrier CF a screen of relevant pathway inhibitors identified a prominent role for the plateletactivating factor receptor pafr in hypoxiaassociated bacterial translocation wherein pharmacologic antagonists of pafr blocked bacterial translocation by as much as extensions of these studies revealed that hypoxia prominently induces pafr through a hypoxiainducible factor hifdependent mechanism indeed hif and pafr loss of function studies short hairpin rna revealed that apically expressed pafr is CE to the induction of translocation for the grampositive bacteria enterococcus faecalis together these findings reveal that some strains of GP bacteria exploit hifregulated pafr as a means for translocation through intestinal epithelial cells | MEDAL |
the postgenome era promises more efficient drugdevelopment cycles and medications targeted to compatible populations resulting in improved outcomes fewer drugcompany failures less litigation fewer recalls and a refurbished image of pharma in the mind of the customer dnaprint was founded to help precipitate these changes since we have developed and optimized novel methods for assessing patient response proclivities as individuals but also as constituents of populations and we have introduced a computational platform for modeling drug biology we expect these tools will allow us to maximize the efficiency of our clinical trials and more importantly ensure better postmarket performance parameters with these tools we are now carefully engineering select drugdevelopment projects in an attempt to illustrate the viability of a novel drugdevelopment model one based on the application of intelligence and new technologies for superior drug performance in segmented markets | MEDAL |
inbred lines differentially susceptible to diseases are a powerful tool to get insights into the mechanisms of genetic resistance to pathogens in fish chromosome manipulation techniques allow a quick production of such homozygous lines using gynogenesis we produced nine homozygous clones of rainbow trout from a domestic population inra sy strain we examined the variability between clones for resistance to two rhabdoviruses the VHS virus vhsv and the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus ihnv intraperitoneal injections and waterborne infections were performed in parallel for both viruses no survival was recorded T3 intraperitoneal injection of vhsv or ihnv indicating that fish from all clones were fully susceptible to both viruses by this route of infection in contrast the different clones showed a wide range of survival frequency T3 waterborne infection the resistance levels to vhsv ranged from to and resistance was not abrogated when resistant and CS animals were mixed and subjected to waterborne infection vhsv was recovered from of resistant fish after waterborne infection confirming that virus replication was possible in this context but effective only in a low proportion of the population the different clones also exhibited a wide range of survival T3 a waterborne infection with ihnv although vhsvresistant clones were not fully resistant to ihnv the susceptibility to ihnv and vhsv tended to be correlated suggesting that nonspecific mechanisms common to both viruses were involved | MEDAL |
PA produces copious amounts of the redoxactive tricyclic compound pyocyanin that kills competing microbes and rat cells especially during cystic fibrosis lung infection crossphylum susceptibility to pyocyanin suggests the existence of evolutionarily conserved physiological targets we screened a saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion library to identify presumptive pyocyanin targets with the expectation that similar targets would be conserved in humans fifty s cerevisiae targets were provisionally identified of which have orthologous human counterparts these targets encompassed major cellular pathways involved in the Tc electron transport and respiration epidermal cell growth protein sorting vesicle transport and the vacuolar atpase using cultured A549 cells we showed that pyocyaninmediated reactive oxygen intermediates inactivate human vacuolar atpase supporting the validity of the yeast screen we discuss how the inactivation of vatpase may negatively impact the lung function of cystic fibrosis patients | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to determine if singledouble strand dna breaks could be induced by monocrotophos organophosphorus pesticide in mice in vivo using the comet CA mice were dosed orally with and mgkg body weight of monocrotophos and the assay was performed on whole blood after and h a significant increase in mean comet tail length indicating dna damage was observed at and h PT with MCP when compared to controls a decrease in the mean tail length was observed at h PT indicating repair of the damaged dna the mean TL showed a doserelated increase and time dependent decrease the T0 reveals that comet assay is a CS and rapid method to detect genotoxicity of MCP | MEDAL |
in southern blot analysis using mycoplasma s ribosomal dna rdna as a probe positive signals were detected in dna samples from surgical specimens of gastric cancers the dna that hybridized to mycoplasma s rdna was eluted from the gel cloned and sequenced the cloned CS was MZ to s rdna of streptococcus anginosus in SB analysis with the s anginosus s rdna fragment as a new probe positive signals were detected in out of cases of gastric cancer | MEDAL |
many of the materials that are challenging for C1 animals to cut or puncture are also cut and punctured by much smaller organisms that are limited to much smaller forces small organisms can overcome their force limitations by using sharper tools but one drawback may be an increased susceptibility to fracture we use simple contact mechanics models to estimate how much smaller the diameter of the tips or edges of tools such as teeth claws and cutting blades must be in smaller organisms in order for them to puncture or cut the same materials as larger organisms in order to produce the same maximum stress when maximum force scales as the square of BL the diameter of the tool region that is in contact with the target material must scale isometrically for punchlike tools eg scorpion stings on thick targets and for crushing tools eg molars for punchlike tools on thin targets and for cutting blades on thick targets the tip or edge diameters must be even smaller than expected from isometry in smaller animals the diameters of a small sample of unworn punchlike tools from a large range of animal sizes are consistent with the MM scaling isometrically or more steeply positively allometric in addition we find that the force required to puncture a thin target using real biological tools scales linearly with tip diameter as predicted by the model we argue that for smaller tools the minimum energy to fracture the tool will be a greater fraction of the minimum SE required to puncture the target making fracture more likely finally SE stored in tool bending relative to the energy to fracture the tool increases rapidly with the aspect ratio lengthwidth and we expect that smaller organisms often have to employ higher aspect ratio tools in order to puncture or cut to the required depth with available force the extra stored SE in higher AR tools is likely to increase the probability of fracture we discuss some of the implications of the suggested scaling rules and possible adaptations to compensate for fracture sensitivity in smaller organisms | MEDAL |
individuals with autism spectrum disorders asd succeed at a range of musical tasks the ability to recognize musical emotion as belonging to one of four categories happy sad scared or peaceful was assessed in highfunctioning adolescents with asd n and adolescents with typical OD td n with comparable performance iq auditory WM and musical training and experience when verbal iq was controlled for there was no significant effect of diagnostic group adolescents with asd rated the intensity of the emotions similarly to adolescents with td and reported greater confidence in their responses when they had correctly vs incorrectly recognized the emotions these findings are reviewed within the context of the amygdala theory of autism | MEDAL |
this article describes the removal of a molar in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia by means of orthodontic forces the indications and advantages as well as the disadvantages of this alternative for surgical extraction are discussed | MEDAL |
from january to december ART derivatives were prescribed to children infected with plasmodium falciparum the therapeutic effect was evaluated only children with moderate or severe malaria were included GI intravenous artesunate n with moderate malaria and with severe malaria with mild parasitemia with moderate parasitemia and with high parasitemia group ii intramuscular AM paluter n with moderate malaria and with severe malaria with mild parasitemia with moderate parasitemia and with high parasitemia clinical amelioration and clearance of parasitemia showed no statistical difference between the CG all patients cleared the parasitemia at the seventh day of followup d in order to avoid recrudescence mefloquine or clindamycin was used | MEDAL |
the question of whether or not goblet cells in the nasal mucosa are lysozyme producers has yet to be examined in the present study lysozyme was localized by the protein agold technique in human nasal mucosa with special attention to goblet cells both light and electron microscopic immunostaining revealed lysozyme in the secretory granules of the goblet cells although far less than the amount present in the serous cells of the nasal glands we concluded that the nasal glands were the main producer and goblet cells the subsidiary producer of lysozyme in nasal mucosa | MEDAL |
the effects were investigated of endotheliumderived nitric oxide edno edrf and sodium nitroprusside snp on the contraction evoked by noradrenaline na or perivascular nerve stimulation in the presence e or absence e of EC cells in the rb CMA and aorta acetylcholine ach was more potent in relaxing tissues of the aorta than those of the mesenteric i.a. these relaxing effects of ach were inhibited under i.c.v. with ngnitrolarginine lnna snp relaxed the contraction evoked by na or electric FS in the aorta more than in the CMA in the presence or absence of endothelium lnna microm consistently enhanced the amplitude of contraction evoked by either na or electric field stimulation more strongly in etissues from the mesenteric artery than in these from the aorta lnna accelerated the relaxing actions of snp on contractions evoked by na in etissues prepared from the CMA though this action was less marked in the aorta spontaneous PR of edno is more potent in inhibiting contraction evoked in the mesenteric i.a. than in the aorta whereas derived no and exogenously applied no are more potent in inhibiting contraction evoked in the aorta than in the mesenteric artery | MEDAL |
we investigated the RII effects of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane a on the proliferation of V1 smooth muscle cells vsmc from wistarkyoto rats using epithiomethanothromboxane a sta a SD analogue of thromboxane a sta dose dependently increased incorporation of hthymidine into dna in randomly cycling vsmc and significantly shortened the Td Tc analysis revealed that the increased Tc progression was primarily due to a rapid transition from the dna synthetic s to the gmitotic m phase moreover sta enhanced protein synthesis in vsmc during the gm phase whereas the protein synthesis was unaffected in the gg period in fact sta prompted the cells in gm phase to synthesize actin a L1 CSK protein conversely inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin retarded the transition from s to gm in addition depolymerization of the actin molecules by cytochalasin d offset the quick progression to the gm phase by sta these data indicate that thromboxane a stimulates the cell cycle progression in vsmc primarily through a rapid transition from s to gm this enhanced progression is attributable partly to a rapid buildup of the cytoskeleton proteins during the gm period | MEDAL |
thymocytes t from mice bearing the syngeneic RT ll inhibit the immune response to srbc by syngeneic splenocytes derived from control mice and cultured in mishell and duttons antibody forming systems t from control mice are devoid of this capacity but acquire it after in vitro incubation with tumor cells it has been shown that metabolites of AA pge ltb and ltc synthesized in excess by tumor cells act as mediators for the acquisition of the above capacity by thymic cells in vitro surface phenotypical analysis by flowcytometry demonstrated that in the thymus of RT bearing mice the proportion of both single positive thymocytes ltly and ltly and of double negative thymocytes ltly increased with a parallel decrease in the proportion of double positive cells ltly in the mean time the total number of thymocytes markedly decreased an attempt was done to mimic in vitro what happens in vivo for this purpose t from control mice were incubated with conditioned culture medium in which ll cells had grown or with AA metabolites after one or the other of these treatments t from control mice did not modify their phenotypic antigenic pattern but acquired the capacity to negatively interfere with the in vitro immune response of normal spleen cells to srbc since SS from tumor bearing mice contains large amounts of pge ltb and ltc we tested its effects on normal syngeneic t serum from tumor bearing mice but not SS from normal mice induces t from control syngeneic animals to acquire both IS capacity and differentiation DP clusters similar to those that characterize t derived from the thymus of RT bearing mice we demonstrated that metabolites of AA are active as inducers of immunosuppressive capacity in t on the other hand a yet unknown factor present in serum of RT bearing mice plays a role as inducer of differentiation of these cells | MEDAL |
intrinsic threedimensionally resolved microscopic imaging of dynamical structures and biochemical processes in living preparations has been realized by nonlinear laser scanning fluorescence microscopy the search for useful twophoton and threephoton excitation spectra motivated by the emergence of nonlinear microscopy as a powerful biophysical SF-36 has now discovered a virtual artists palette of chemical indicators FL markers and native biological fluorophores including nadh flavins and green FL proteins that are applicable to living biological S9 more than twophoton excitation spectra of ultraviolet and visible absorbing molecules reveal useful cross sections some conveniently blueshifted for IR absorption measurements of threephoton fluorophore excitation spectra now define alternative windows at relatively benign wavelengths to excite deeper ultraviolet fluorophores the inherent optical sectioning capability of nonlinear excitation provides threedimensional resolution for imaging and avoids outoffocus BG and photodamage here the measured nonlinear excitation spectra and their photophysical characteristics that empower nonlinear laser microscopy for biological imaging are described | MEDAL |
a mechanistic model was developed to examine how natural ventilation influences residential indoor SE to semivolatile organic compounds svocs via inhalation dermal sorption and dust ingestion the effect of ventilation on indoor particle mass concentration and mass transfer at sourcesink surfaces and the enhancing effect of particles on mass transfer at sourcesink surfaces are included when air exchange rate increases from h to h the steadystate svoc gasphase plus particle phase with log koa varying from to concentration in the idealized MM decreases by about in contrast for the same change in ventilation the simulated indoor formaldehyde representing volatile SOCs gasphase concentration decreases by about the effect of ventilation on exposure via each pathway has a relatively insignificant association with the koa of the svocs a NC of koa from to results in a change of only sensitivity analysis identifies the deposition rate of pm as a primary factor influencing the relationship between ventilation and SE for svocs with log koa the relationship between ventilation rate and air speed near surfaces needs to be further substantiated | MEDAL |
the most convenient way of diagnosing an infectious disease is by serological methods to improve the SQ of diagnosis in leprosy simple tests in addition to diagnosis by clinical signs are necessary here pgli based methods for detection of MB and paucibacillary leprosy have been revisited and newer methods are discussed | MEDAL |
a novel combshaped porphyrin endfunctionalized polynisopropylacrylamidebpolyoligo ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate porpnipambpoegma was synthesized via reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer raft polymerization due to the incorporation of hydrophilic poegma contents the copolymer shows the lower critical solution temperatures lcst of °c higher than pnipam moreover this copolymer showed efficient singlet oxygen under CS irradiation at nm and the productivity of singlet oxygen was which could be used for photodynamic therapy in addition the in vitro T0 indicated that this copolymer showed no significant dark cytotoxicity while showed apparent phototoxicity toward hela cancer cells under red CS irradiation at nm mtt results indicated that this copolymer with appropriate lcst could be accumulated on locally tumor tissues and killing of CA cells hela which may be a promising photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for CA treatment | MEDAL |
sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in the industrialized world pulse PCD is essential for the recognition of the arrest and the recognition of return of spontaneous circulation during therapy and it is therefore crucial for the survival of the patient this paper introduces the first method based exclusively on the ecg for the automatic detection of PP during cardiopulmonary resuscitation random forest classifier is used to efficiently combine up to nine features from the time frequency Mw and regularity analysis of the ecg data from CA patients was used and ecg segments were processed with PP and without PP a leaveonepatient out cross validation RPA was used to train and test the algorithm the statistical distributions of sensitivity se and specificity sp for PP PCD were estimated using patientwise bootstrap partitions the mean std sesp for ninefeature classifier was respectively the designed algorithm only requires slong ecg segments and could be integrated in any commercial automated external defibrillator the method permits to detect the presence of pulse accurately minimizing interruptions in CPR therapy and could contribute to improve survival from cardiac arrest | MEDAL |
to assess the effect of human serum on the viability of chlamydia trachomatis organisms were mixed with unheated and heat inactivated homologous serum and the numbers surviving T3 incubation at degrees c for hour were compared with a pool of sera obtained from donors the number of chlamydiae surviving incubation in unheated SS was less than of that surviving incubation in heat inactivated SS the antichlamydial activity of the unheated pooled serum samples could be noticeably reduced by treatment with mgegta ethyleneglycolbis betaamino ethyl ethernntetraacetic acid this indicated a requirement for calcium ions and showed that the alternative pathway of complement activation played only a minor role if any in the inactivation process when SS samples were tested individually it was found that four inactivated chlamydiae to an extent comparable with that seen with the pooled SS the other eight samples showed only moderate or slight antichlamydial activity with survival rates in unheated serum of or more than of those in heat inactivated serum there was no correlation between the titres of antichlamydial antibodies and antichlamydial activity all serum samples having undetectable or low concentrations of antibody on measurement by microimmunofluorescence the antichlamydial activity destroyed by heating was restored however when heat inactivated serum was mixed with an equal volume of an unheated SS that was not GABA to chlamydiae when the latter serum was heated before addition antichlamydial activity was not restored indicating the requirement of both a ST and a heat labile factor this observation and the need for calcium ions for inactivation of chlamydiae are compatable with killing mediated by antibody and complement thus SS samples from individuals with no clinical or serological evidence of infection with chlamydiae vary in their ability to inactivate the organism some having antichlamydial activity which is possibly mediated by EAC | MEDAL |
coronary reserve and CR were compared between crystalloidperfused and bloodperfused rabbit NF at various CPP mmhg contractile CF of the crystalloidperfused hearts was dependent on the perfusion pressure according to greggs phenomenon developed left ventricular pressure lvp increased from mmhg to mmhg and positive dpdt maximum dpdt max from to mmhgs at CPP between the lowest and highest perfusion pressure in the bloodperfused NF the perfusion pressureinduced changes were less pronounced developed lvp changed from mmhg to mmhg and dpdt max from to mmhgs the bloodperfused hearts showed better cardiac function especially negative dpdt minimum dpdt min compared to the crystalloidperfused hearts contractile reserve estimated by paired pacing technique was quite independent of the perfusion pressure in the bloodperfused NF but not in the crystalloidperfused hearts and was significantly better in the bloodperfused NF eg increase of developed lvp with blood perfusion and increase with crystalloid perfusion at a perfusion pressure of mmhg coronary reserve estimated by reactive hyperemia was independent of the perfusion pressure in both CG coronary reserve was small in the crystalloidperfused NF and more than double the control value in the bloodperfused NF it is proposed that bloodperfused hearts are more suitable for physiological and pathophysiological studies | MEDAL |
the influence of intracellular and extracellular angiotensin ii ang ii on the ltype calcium current of cardiomyocytes isolated from CM hamsters was investigated the results indicated that ang ii mmoll added to the bath increased the peak ICa ica density by p an effect that depends on the activation of protein kinase c intracellular administration of the same dose of ang ii mmoll also elicited an increase of peak ica density but enhanced the rate of ica inactivation an effect not seen with extracellular ang ii moreover in control animals no NC in the rate of ica inactivation was seen with intracellular ang ii thapsigargin micromoll a potent inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum sr atpase which depletes the sr decreased the rate of ica inactivation elicited by intracellular ang ii although the cytoplasmic calcium concentration was highly buffered with mmoll egta these findings might indicate that intracellular ang ii releases calcium from the sr and inactivates ica the effect of intracellular ang ii on peak ica was not altered by extracellular LOS mmoll supporting the notion that the peptide acted intracellularly other studies showed that intracellular ang i administration mmoll enhanced the peak ica density and the rate of ica inactivation an effect that was reduced by intracellular enalaprilat mmoll moreover intracellular enalaprilat by itself reduced the peak ica density these observations might indicate that endogenous ang ii is contributing to ica modulation in the failing HR | MEDAL |
the TE plays critical roles in the positive and negative selection of t cells recently it was proposed that autophagy in TE cells is essential for the induction of t cell tolerance to self antigens and thus for the prevention of autoimmune diseases here we have tested this hypothesis using mouse models in which autophagy was blocked specifically in epithelial cells expressing keratin k including the F0 of TE cells while the TE cells of mice carrying the floxed atg gene atg ff showed a high level of autophagy as determined by lc western blot analysis and fluorescence PCD of the recombinant green fluorescent protein gfplc reporter protein on autophagosomes autophagy in the thymic epithelium was efficiently suppressed by deletion of the atg gene using the creloxp system atg ff kcre suppression of autophagy led to the massive accumulation of psequestosome sqstm in TE cells however the structure of the thymic epithelium as well as the organization and the size of the thymus were not altered in mutant mice the ratio of cd to cdpositive TA as well as the frequency of G1 cd cd t cells in lymphoid organs did not differ between mice with autophagycompetent and autophagydeficient TE inflammatory infiltrating cells potentially indicative of autoimmune reactions were present in the liver lung and colon of a similar fraction of atg ff and atg ff kcre mice in contrast to previously reported mice that had received an autophagydeficient thymus transplant atg ff kcre mice did not suffer from autoimmunityinduced WL in summary the results of this T0 suggest that autophagy in the thymic epithelium is dispensable for negative selection of autoreactive TA | MEDAL |
the electrophoretic SMB of derivatized linear and branched OS from various sources was examined in capillary ZE with polyethercoated fusedsilica capillaries two uvabsorbing also fluorescent derivatizing agents aminopyridine and aminoquinoline were utilized for the PACE and CS PCD of neutral oligosaccharides eg nacetylchitooligosaccharides highmannose glycans and xyloglucan OS the OS labelled with aminoquinoline yielded eight times higher signal than those tagged with aminopyridine plots of logarithmic electrophoretic mobilities of labelled nacetylchitooligosaccharides with aminoquinoline or aminopyridine versus the number of sugar residues in the homologous series yielded straight lines in the size range studied the slopes of which were independent of the tagging functions the slopes of these lines are referred to as the nacetylglucosaminyl group mobility decrement the oligosaccharides were better resolved in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide in the running electrolyte furthermore the electrophoretic mobilities of branched OS were indexed with respect to linear homooligosaccharides an RPA that may prove valuable in correlating and predicting the mobilities of complex oligosaccharides | MEDAL |
in order to determine the role of divalent cations in the reaction mechanism of the hkatpase we have substituted calcium for magnesium which is required by the hkatpase for phosphorylation from atp and from po calcium was chosen over other divalent cations assayed barium and manganese because in the absence of magnesium calcium G1 atp hydrolysis generated sufficiently high levels of phosphoenzyme pmolmg from gammapatp to T0 dephosphorylation and inhibited kstimulated atp hydrolysis the caatpase activity of the hkatpase was of the basal mgatpase activity however the cakatpase activity minus the ca basal activity was only of the mgkatpase indicating that calcium could partially substitute for mg in activating atp hydrolysis but not in k stimulation of atp hydrolysis approximately mm calcium inhibited of the mgatpase or mgkatpase activities inhibition of mgkatpase activity was not competitive with respect to k inhibition by calcium of mgk activity pnitrophenyl phosphatase activity was competitive with respect to mg with an apparent ki of mm proton transport measured by AO uptake was ND in the presence of ca and k in the presence of mg and k ca inhibited proton transport with an apparent affinity similar to the inhibition of the mg katpase activity the site of calcium inhibition was on the exterior of the vesicle these results suggest that calcium activates basal turnover and inhibits k stimulation of the hkatpase by binding at a cytosolic divalent cation site the pseudofirst order rate constant for EP formation from microm gammapatp was at least times slower in the presence of calcium s than magnesium greater than s the caep phosphoenzyme formed in the presence of ca formed dephosphorylated four to five times more slowly that the mgep phosphoenzyme formed in the presence of mg in the presence of mm transdiaminocyclohexanennnntetraacetic acid cdta or microm atp approximately of the caep formed was CS to a mm kcl chase compared with greater than of the mgep by comparing the transient kinetics of the phosphoenzyme formed in the presence of magnesium mgep and calcium caep we found two actions of divalent cations on dephosphorylationabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
platelet binding by streptococcus gordonii CS m is strongly correlated with the expression of the large surface glycoprotein gspb a kb chromosomal region downstream of gspb was previously shown to be required for the expression of this protein the region encodes seca and secy which are components of an accessory secretion system dedicated specifically to the export of gspb the region also includes three genes gly nss and gtf that encode proteins likely to CF in carbohydrate metabolism and four genes orf that encode proteins of unknown CF in this report we have investigated the role of these genes in gspb expression we found that disruption of orf orf or orf resulted in a loss of gspb export and the intracellular accumulation of gspb as they are apparently essential components of the accessory secretion system these genes were renamed asp for accessory sec protein in gtf and orf mutants gspb was transcribed but no gspb was detected these results suggest that gtf and orf are required for the translation or for the stability of gspb in contrast gly and nss mutants were able to express and export gspb however disruption of these genes appeared to affect the carbohydrate composition of this glycoprotein as asp gtf and orf but not gly and nss are conserved in the accessory sec loci of several staphylococcal and streptococcal species these genes may also have crucial roles in the expression and export of gspb homologues in the other GP bacteria | MEDAL |
to evaluate the effect of glucose and fructose on the glycation of βlactoglobulin βlg in intermediatemoisture food imf model systems consisting of βlg glucosefructosesorbitol glycerol and water were established all systems were stored at and °c for months the progress of the maillard reaction and the mass NC of βlg were investigated by the browning CA and gel electrophoresis respectively meanwhile liquid chromatographymass spectrometry lcms and dataindependent acquisition lcms lcmse were used to monitor the glycation extent and the glycated sites of βlg the results indicated that gl had a higher reaction activity of glycation than fructose but both sugars had similar preference on the glycation site for βlg the ranking order from high to low for the detected glycated CS was l k k k k k k k k for both sugars | MEDAL |
HRV hrv refers to variation in the interval between successive HR beats low hrv is an indicator of potential autonomic NS dysfunction people with CP often display autonomic dysregulation especially in the parasympathetic nervous system the hormone oxytocin has been shown to increase hrv in nonclinical samples but its potential impact on hrv in persons with chronic pain is unknown this T0 investigated the impact of intranasal oxytocin on hrv in persons with chronic neck and shoulder pain participants included individuals with chronic neck and shoulder pain lasting months and age and sexmatched painfree controls in a randomised doubleblind placebocontrolled crossover study participants selfadministered intranasal oxytocin iu in one session and placebo in another before hrv was recorded at rest and during a mental arithmetic task intranasal oxytocin did not influence hrv at rest however compared to placebo intranasal oxytocin elicited small decreases in lowfrequency and highfrequency hrv in both groups during the MA task these results suggest that intranasal oxytocin may enhance the salience of the MA task leading to reduced engagement of the parasympathetic NS when completing the task further investigation and replication of these findings are required to improve our understanding of the effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic functioning both at rest and under cognitive stress | MEDAL |
recent amendments to the product liability risk retention act of allow selfinsurers to form risk retention CG to cover all liability risks as well as product liability this act makes it easier for qualified individuals and organizations to form association insurance captives or collectively purchase insurance on a group basis to solve the problem of availability and affordability of liability insurance | MEDAL |
inflammation contributes to BB damage caused by ischaemic stroke macrophages as the prevailing inflammatory cell population in stroke lesions can be visualized using USPIO uspio as a cellspecific UCA for mri in this singlecentre openlabelled clinical phase ii T0 we tested the potential of uspioenhanced mri for macrophage imaging in human IS lesions in a series of consecutive patients uspio contrast agent was infused at the end of the first week T3 symptom ON two followup mri scans were performed h and h after infusion two distinct components of uspiorelated signal changes were discernible one associated with blood vessels and one representing parenchymal enhancement vesselassociated changes appeared as signal loss on ttweighted images andwere added to data sets of G3P dehydrogenase gapdh enolase alphatubulin and betatubulin and used to construct phylogenetic trees the gapdh tree was well resolved and MZ in topology to the ssu rrna tree this both validates the rrna tree and suggests that gapdh should be a valuable tool in further phylogenetic studies of parabasalids in particular the gapdh tree confirmed the polyphyly of monocercomonadidae and trichomonadidae and the basal position of trichonympha agilis among parabasalids moreover gapdh strengthened the hypothesis of secondary loss of CSK structures in monocercomonadidae such as monocercomonas and hypotrichomonas in contrast to gapdh the enolase and both tubulin trees are poorly resolved and rather uninformative about parabasalian phylogeny although two of these trees also identify t agilis as representing the basalmost lineage of parabasalids although all four protein genes show multiple gene duplications for of the seven taxa examined most duplications appear to be relatively recent ie speciesspecific and not a problem for phylogeny reconstruction only for enolase are there more ancient duplications that may confound phylogenetic interpretation | MEDAL |
the anteroposterior ap patterning of the developing HR underlies atrial and VVI lineage specification and heart chamber morphogenesis the posteriorization of cardiomyogenic phenotype with retinoic acid ra treatment of primitive streak stage chicken embryos is suggestive of a role for the clustered homeobox hox genes in early HR patterning yutzey et al development dev biol a screen for hox genes expressed in chick heart primordia and primitive heart led to the isolation of anterior genes of the hox clusters expressed during cardiogenesis specific hoxd hoxa and hoxd transcripts were detected at the early stages of heart formation and fulllength cdna clones were isolated expression of hoxd was detected in the HR forming region of embryos prior to heart tube formation expression of hoxa hoxd and hoxb was increased in cardiogenic tissue treated with ra in SC conditions that also produced changes in positionally restricted cardiomyogenic phenotypes hox genes expressed in cardiac explants exhibited distinct sensitivities to ra and ouabain treatment when compared to genes such as nkx that are involved in cardiac commitment and differentiation these studies support a role for hox genes in early HR patterning and suggest that positional information in the cardiogenic region is established by regulatory mechanisms distinct from early HR lineage specification | MEDAL |
dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex pfc is considered to be an important factor contributing to a decrease in cognitive performance of schizophrenia patients the medial pfc mpfc is innervated by the hippocampussubiculum and the subiculummpfc pathway is known to be involved in various cognitive processes glutamatecontaining subicular axons innervate cortical pyramidal SN and interneurons where ampa and nmda receptors are implicated in synaptic transmission in our experiments properties of subiculummpfc interactions were studied using pathway stimulation and local field potential lfp recordings of the mpfc in urethaneanaesthetized rats changes in PPF ppf and lfp oscillations effects of the nmda receptor antagonist mk and the ampakine ly were evaluated effects of disruption of the TC loop with local microinjection of lidocaine into the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus md were also studied our findings demonstrate that both systemic administration of mk and local md lidocaine microinjection produce similar changes in lfp oscillations and reduction in ppf specifically it was observed that mk mgkg iv and intrathalamic lidocaine changed regular hz delta oscillation to a less regular hz delta rhythm concurrently ppf in response to electrical stimulation of the subiculum was significantly att administration of the ampakine ly mgkg iv reversed the mk and lidocaineinduced changes and was itself blocked by the ampa receptor antagonist cp analysis of our findings suggests a critical role of cortical interneurons in nmdaampa receptormediated changes in TC oscillations and ppf and contributes to our understanding of the nmda hypofunction model of schizophrenia | MEDAL |
experiments were done in NK and laboratory conditions with ovine trichostrongyle species by depositing infective larvae on the top or inside a tube filled with soil T3 different periods extractions were done from soil samples taken after every cm patterns of larval positions in the soil layers were similar for the species in the experiments though numbers of recovered larvae were not similar in outdoor conditions at the end of winter larvae could migrate from the surface to cm depth or more in two weeks even if soil temperature was as low as degrees c these downward migrations seemed mainly due to water percolation through soil AS migrations through soil were favoured according to the amount of soil water content but larvae had the ability to actively migrate upwards even in relatively dry conditions | MEDAL |
human rGM-CSF rhgmcsf was po to patients with refractory aplastic anemia aa the effect of rhgmcsf therapy on the lymphocyte phenotype on the proliferative responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin CA and tetanus toxoid antigens and on the natural killer nk activity of the circulating lymphocytes was studied samples were collected before baseline and twice during the rhgmcsf administration the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes remained relatively constant during the first period but experienced a significant increase p less than during the second period the increase was most prominent in the B1 p less than but the t cells p less than also increased detailed investigation of lymphocyte subsets showed an increase of the markers cd leu DR and the transferrin receptor throughout the treatment course giving evidence of lymphoid cell activation the nk cell activity was suppressed p less than throughout the treatment however proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin candida antigen and tetanus toxoid were unaffected although the mechanism is not yet defined gmcsf does induce activation and increase in absolute lymphoid cell number especially b cells together with a decrease in nk cytotoxicity the implication of these immune cell changes in relation to host resistance to microorganisms remains to be established | MEDAL |
degradable starch microspheres dsm injected intraarterially together with cytostatic drugs increase the regional uptake of the drug and as a result reduce the systemic drug concentration previous studies have indicated that fixed doses of dsm result in different degrees of V1 occlusion and therefore VL SVR concentration of the coinjected drug continuous registration of the systemic concentration of tcmhydroxymethylene EHDP tcmhdp coinjected intraarterially with dsm was earlier used to monitor treatment sessions and to optimize the dose of microspheres further to investigate the mechanism of dsminduced PR the effect of dsm on the passage of this low molecular weight marker and of labelled erythrocytes a marker confined to the blood vessels was compared in patients with LM dsm reduced the amount of tcmhdp passing through the CL by to per cent while the amount of erythrocytes eventually passing the CL was much less reduced the rate of passage however was significantly reduced for both labelled markers these results indicate that substances retained by coinjection of dsm are not to a significant extent lodged within the blood vessels but diffuse into extravasal tissue compartments | MEDAL |
at the present time most studies investigating GIT time with charcoal are conducted in fasted rats it seems reasonable to hypothesize that the fasting state of rats could influence the effect a compound had on gastrointestinal transit time the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of food on the pharmacological effects on gastrointestinal transit | MEDAL |
the term enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction eavn is used to indicate an EP condition characterized by subnormal conduction delay with reduced decremental properties in the av node which can be responsible for rapid ventricular rates in the event of fast atrial rhythms although identification of such an entity usually requires definition of the av conduction intervals some authors have suggested that eavn can be diagnosed by means of atrial pacing only when conduction with narrow qrs complexes occurs during atrial pacing at rate higher than bpm the use of incremental transesophageal atrial pacing tap as a noninvasive tool for ID of eavn was investigated in patients fifteen had a history of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias WPW syndrome lownganonglevine syndrome intranodal av reentry tachycardia SSS patients exhibited an electrocardiographic DP of preexcitation without a history of tachyarrhythmias analysis of av conduction at fast induced rates was hampered in patients because of the easy occurrence of reciprocating ART andor atrial fibrillation during tap as well as because of the persistence of delta wave at cycle lengths cl shorter than ms among the remaining patients in group a av conduction was present at pacing cl shorter than ms in patients group b av block occurred at pacing cl longer than msabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
we have developed an in vitro system that combines the use of a defined medium with a chemically defined surface for the differentiation of embryonic rat hippocampal SN cells were grown on silica substrates modified with two chemically distinct molecules polydlysine and an aminecontaining organosilane cells were dissociated by mechanical or enzymatic methods and grown in serumcontaining versus serumfree medium on these surfaces our results demonstrate that optimal survival and growth in SFM occurs on the artificial surfaces xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps was used to analyze the surfaces both before and after cell cultures in addition surface properties such as elemental composition the initial thickness of the substrate material and the thickness of matwere found to be polysomic for at least one of the chromosomes analyzed and the technique described is a reliable method for confirmation of results obtained from CC which is especially suited for archival material or samples not containing dividing cells | MEDAL |
priming paradigms make it possible to study the nature of response preparation before the ON of movement one way to examine this process is through manipulation of the interstimulus interval isi the timing of the prime and target presentation has been shown to have distinct effects on reaction time patterns in both healthy and neurologically impaired individuals during cognitive task switching paradigms and semantic priming studies what is unclear however are the effects of isi durations on response priming paradigms in the present study isis of five durations were manipulated within a speech response priming paradigm to investigate reaction time patterns in healthy adults results suggested that isis have a significant influence on the magnitude of the priming effect brief isis with a putatively high sensitivity to reprogramming resulted in robust priming effects long isis thought to be influenced by attentional factors resulted in priming effects of lesser magnitude | MEDAL |
california drug treatment programs may use funds to address barriers to work faced by proposition offenders most of whom are not working at treatment entry but employment services utilization and related behavioral outcomes have never been studied this study examined primary data collected on offenders by programs during to explore the characteristics employment services utilization and outcomes of those who did and did not receive employment services while in drug treatment oneyear outcomes were mostly similar across CG however increases in the proportion of offenders employed receiving income from employment and family or friends and being paid for work were significantly greater among the receivedemploymentservices group and a greater proportion of this group also completed drug treatment employment services utilization was less likely for persons recruited from OP settings and more likely with greater severity of familysocial problems and desire for services odds of employment oneyear posttreatment entry were higher for those of hispanic raceethnicity vs WG and for those with treatment completionlonger PR but lower for those who were oldey neuropathy and PSD subacute combined degeneration scd with involvement of the posterior columns in the cervical and thoracic cord is a common presentation of this disorder in this case report we describe a year old woman with pernicious anemia and myelopathy with atypical clinical features the patient presented with motor symptoms a sensory level and bladder dysfunction she had severe autonomic disturbances including an episode of unexplained bronchospasm which has not been previously reported as a manifestation of vitamin b deficiency we review the literature regarding these rarely reported features of vitamin b deficiency and discuss aspects of management of this reversible condition we emphasize the importance of awareness of autonomic disturbances in b deficient individuals | MEDAL |
the food phobia survey fps is a recently developed clinical instrument designed to identify foods that are avoided out of fear or guilt by eating disordered individuals the measure has potential utility in clinical settings for several purposes the assessment of current food selection and foodrelated concerns the construction of individual hierarchies for graded exposure and the evaluation of treatment outcomes with REF to fear and avoidance of food items it is comprised of commonly eaten foods rated on three dimensions fearguilt appeal in the absence of weight concern and frequency of consumption dieting and nondieting college women were compared to provide preliminary data on the fps from a nonclinical population the fps yielded findings convergent with other data on forbidden foods and discriminated between dieters and nondieters for both groups the perception that foods were fattening was correlated with increased fearguilt with dieters showing significantly greater increases in ratings of fearguilt and number of feared foods with increments in the perceived fatteningness of food items | MEDAL |
the effects of VH and percutaneous penetration enhancer on the penetration of ACV through excised hr mouse and rat skin were investigated four solvents propylene glycol pg ethanol et IPA ipa and isopropyl myristate ipm were employed as vehicles in combination with four enhancers farnesylazacycloheptanone fu geranylazacycloheptanone gu geranylazacyclopentanone gu and dodecylazacycloheptanone Az ACV was suspended in vehicles to avoid the effect of the thermodynamic activity of ACV in the vehicle the penetration of ACV through hairless mouse skin from ipa was enhanced by gu whereas that from ipm was not affected all combinations of VH and penetration enhancer were examined using rat skin no effect of the enhancers was observed in the ipm VH the estimated solubility parameters of vehicles and enhancers indicated that the polarities of ipm and the enhancers are similar which prevents effective penetration of the enhancers from ipm however the penetration of acyclovir from the other vehicles was increased by the enhancers the combination of hydrophilic VH and hydrophobic enhancer resulted in a large enhancing effect the disappearance of the enhancers from the VH correlated with their enhancing activity but other factors also seemed to affect the penetration enhancement of ACV | MEDAL |
telomerase is essential for maintaining telomere length and chromosome stability in stem cells germline cells and CA cells the telomerase RNP consists of two essential components a catalytic protein component and an rna molecule that provides the template for telomeric repeat synthesis a pseudoknot structure in the human telomerase rna is conserved in all vertebrates and is essential for TA it has been proposed that this highly conserved structure functions as a dynamic structure with conformational interchange between the pseudoknot and a hairpin with intraloop base pairings to examine the structural and functional requirements of the pseudoknot structure we made mutations in the proposed basepaired regions in the pseudoknot although mutations that disrupted the pseudoknot p helix abolished activity as predicted mutations that disrupted the intraloop hairpin base pairings did not reduce telomerase activity indicating that the intraloop hairpin is not required for telomerase CF this functional T0 thus provides evidence against the previous proposed molecularswitch MM of telomerase pseudoknot function and supports a static pseudoknot structure the mutational analysis further suggests that telomerase rna can CF independent of the proposed intermolecular pairings between pseudoknot regions on two rna molecules | MEDAL |
to evaluate the predictive role of s positive dendritic cell tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases timp and p gene in primary laryngeal carcinoma with epidemiology smoking and drinking histological grading surgical treatment tnm stage and prognosis by the tissuechip technology | MEDAL |
famotidine mg and mg cimetidine as single nighttime doses were compared in a randomized doubleblind multicentre T0 of acute treatment for DU ulceration fifteen centres recruited patients into the T0 of these were included for analysis with receiving famotidine and receiving cimetidine after weeks of the patients who received famotidine and of the patients who received cimetidine were healed at weeks the cumulative healing rates were with FAM and with cimetidine differences between the groups were not significant at or weeks no significant difference in healing rates between smokers and nonsmokers was found day and night pain resolved rapidly in both CG both treatments were welltolerated AEs were reported in patients on FAM and on cimetidine with HA the most frequent event in both groups famotidine is ERP and welltolerated in the shortterm treatment of duodenal ulcer | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to investigate workrelated respiratory symptoms the prevalence of chronic lung diseases and odts and to study the lung CF and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the workers of ukrainian fodder production facilities workers of two ukrainian fodder production plants have been examined dust concentrations in the air of working zone were different reaching mgm in the first plant and mgm in the second endotoxin levels were ngm and ngm respectively the length of service at the first plant exceeded times that at the second in the actual research the investigation of respiratory PS lung CF and bronchial reactivity was carried out a comparison between animal feed workers and internal controls revealed workrelated symptoms the predominant symptomatic and lung function effects indicate a clinical picture related to CB the prevalence of CB was at the first plant and at the second one p the prevalence of respiratory troubles was related to dust SE more strongly that to smoking of exposed workers at the first plant and at the second one revealed organic dust toxic syndrome odts in of workers with odts this syndrome was associated with chronic bronchitis examination of lung function revealed obstructive changes which were more expressed in exposed workers of the first plant lung CF clearly decreased with increasing duration of employment one of small bronchi and bronchial hyperresponsiveness registered in of workers were the early signs of respiratory troubles in exposed workers | MEDAL |
akr mice were protected from lethal irradiation and established as longlived chimeras by transplanting allogeneic B6 b bone marrow that had been treated in vitro with antithy antiserum without complement in these chimeras which were designated b arrow akr virtually all the thymus and SP cells were shown to be derived from the b donor several immune functions studied in these chimeras were as follows a the chimeric mice were tolerant of histocompatibility antigens of both donor and recipient CS and nearly fully reactive to antigens of third party as revealed by simonsens splenomegaly CA the tolerance of these chimeras could not be attributed to suppressor cells but was compatible with clonal depletion b proliferative responses to concanavalin a phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide as well as NK killer and ADCC cell mediated cytotoxicity activity of the chimeric mice was normal c plaque forming cell pfc assays of antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes srbc showed gross deficiency in the primary response of the b arrow akr and akr arrow b chimeras by contrast bhkek arrow akr hcompatible chimeras and akr arrow akr syngeneic marrow Tx mice had normal primary pfc responses pfc responses T3 AA stimulation with srbc however revealed vigorous direct plaque formation and substantial but somewhat smaller indirect PI formation in the b arrow akr chimeras this observation favors operationally the concept of adaptive differentiation proposed by katz et al d analysis of ability of the chimeras to develop and express delayedtype hypersensitivity responses to contact sensitizer dinitrolfluorobenzene dnfb showed no apparent immunodeficiency of either chimeras to this form of immunization development of immunologic tolerance to dnfb however was grossly deficient in b arrow akr chimeras but normal in akr arrow akr b arrow b and ek arrow akr chimeras these findings indicate that full chimeras across major H-2 complex have considerable immunologic vigor even though primary immune responses that require histocompatibility between interacting cell types are initially defective | MEDAL |
although impaired biliary excretion of copper through hepatocyte lysosomes has been postulated as a pathogenesis of wilsons disease direct evidence has been lacking our aim was to investigate the dynamics of biliary excretion of copper and lysosomal enzymes in the longevans cinnamon lec rat a recently established rodent model of wilsons disease CL homogenate and bile were obtained from weekold lec rats n longevans agouti rats n and SDRs n and analyzed for copper and lysosomal enzymes structural integrity of hepatic lysosomes was assessed by the latency of nacetylbetaglucosaminidase compared with the controls lec rats exhibited a fold increase in hepatic copper concentration p a significant increase in hepatic MICs of lysosomal enzymes p and reduction of lysosomal RL p in contrast biliary excretion of copper and lysosomal enzymes were significantly impaired in lec rats p these results suggest a coupled alteration between copper and lysosomal enzymes in both the liver and bile of lec rats ie increase in liver and decrease in bile defective biliary excretion of copper via hepatocyte lysosomes may play a role in part in spontaneous copper accumulation in lec rats | MEDAL |
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