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a study on rats of the effects of lead on deltaaminolevulinate dehydratase alad activity and its phdependent maximal CEA is reported over a week period the lead burden and alad activity in kidney liver and BB are documented lead concentrations in the organs expressed as microgramsg protein are in the CS kidney greater than CL greater than brain and reach essentially a constant level T3 days of SE this is consistent with the existence of an efficient mechanism removing lead from these organs lead affects the alad in all three organs by reducing the activity and shifting the ph of maximum enzyme activity to more acidic values in common with the lead C2 the alad activity does not deteriorate beyond the levels reached T3 days of SE the existence of a mechanism removing lead from the organs is further supported in a recovery T0 on blood and kidney in which both lead level and alad activity return essentially to normal values T3 days of no SE to lead | MEDAL |
the purpose of this experiment was to determine the possible relationship between certain indices of lipid metabolism and specific mRNA in chickens fed graded C2 of dietary crude protein male broiler chickens growing from to days of age were fed diets containing or protein ad libitum in addition another group of birds was fed on a regimen consisting of a daily NC in the dietary protein level or this latter group was further subdivided such that onehalf of the birds received each level of protein on AC days birds were sampled from to days of age measurements taken included in vitro lipogenesis ME activity the expression of the genes for malic enzyme HFA synthase and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase in vitro lipogenesis and malic enzyme activity were inversely relate extravasation reaction was observed in hdc mice T3 PCA pca test compound a mast cell granule depletor produced plasma extravasation inhdc mice but no extravasation in hdc mice interestingly orally po histamine was distributed in the skin in hdc mice and in these histaminesupplemented mice the plasma extravasation reaction was observed T3 the injection of compound and the pca test cultured bone marrowderived mast cells of hdc mice took up histamine from the histaminesupplemented medium into the sec granules the absorbed histamine was released in response to the same antigen and antibody combination used as in pca test in contrast to the immediatetype response the delayedtype hypersensitive response observed as a thickening of the ear skin T3 trinitrochlorobenzene challenge following sensitization showed no differences between hdc and hdc mice therefore among the allergic skin reactions histamine is revealed to be an important mediator especially for the PE in an immediatetype allergy MM | MEDAL |
the effects of a combined exercise and lowfat dietary regimen were studied in patients with angiographically documented coronary heart disease cholesterol mgdl triglycerides mgdl and comparable patients cholesterol mgdl triglycerides mgdl on usual care during one year fasting SS lipoproteins were lowered to ideal levels in the intervention group cholesterol mgdl triglycerides mgdl ldlcholesterol mgdl there was no change of triglycerides and cholesterol on usual care while ldlcholesterol rose significantly neither regimen had any effect on hdlcholesterol diurnal triglycerides as a presumptive measure of idl in the IG were diminished by the T0 demonstrates the feasibility of a diet and exercise regimen to normalize mildly elevated plasma lipid C2 and thus to possibly affect the course of coronary HR disease without drugs | MEDAL |
toxic cyanobacteria in public water reservoirs may cause severe health issues for livestock and human beings geitlerinema amphibium which is frequently found in são paulo citys drinking water supplies showed toxicity in the standard mouse bioassay while displaying signs of intoxication and postmortem findings different from those showed by animals intoxicated by known cyanotoxins we report here the alterations caused by g amphibium ME on mouse microcirculatory network as seen by in vivo IVM besides observations on leukocyte migration cytokine quantitation and results of toxicological essays our data showed that g amphibium methanolic extract displayed time and dosedependent proinflammatory activity and that at lower doses and mgkg body weight bw increased the leukocyte rolling caused partial venular stasis as well as induced an increase in leukocyte counts in the peripheral blood and peritoneal washings at higher doses and mgkg bw the extract caused ischemic injury leading to animal death as confirmed by mass spectrometric studies and polymyxin b test the g amphibium methanolic extract did not contain lipopolysaccharides | MEDAL |
gross cystic disease gcd represents an T3 form of FCD of the breast bearers of macrocysts have been reported to be at risk of developing breast cancer NK killer nk cells are a lymphocyte subset deeply involved in immunosurveillance against neoplasia we investigated whether BCF bcf aspirated from patients with gcd could affect in vitro the spontaneous and lymphokineinducible nk activity of IP blood mononuclear pbm cells concomitantly drawn from the same patients pbm cells exposed to bcf were evaluated by a standard cytotoxic assay using k cells as a target in the presence or absence of lymphokines in vitro incubation of pbm cells with bcf resulted in a consistent decrease of nk cell activity mean level of suppression about p furthermore SE of pbm cells to bcf CR prevented the ifngammadependent enhancement and consistently reduced the ilinduced nk activity p the phenomenon was more apparent for type ii cyst bcf our data are compatible with an IS effect of bcf potentially leading to altered local immunosurveillance | MEDAL |
IS cell counts are a noninvasive and reliable method for evaluating the presence type and degree of airway inflammation in patients with asthma currently standard NEB devices used for sputum induction in multiple patients are labelled as singlepatient devices by the manufacturer which conflicts with infection prevention and control requirements as such these devices cannot feasibly be used in a clinical SI program therefore there is a need to identify alternative nebulizer devices that are either disposable or labelled for multipatient use | MEDAL |
vertical distribution of the concentration and composition of some sulfur and oxygen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sohahs such as fluorene DF dibenzothiophene and their alkyl homologues in soil profiles in beijing have been investigated the results showed that the concentrations and composition of sohahs in topsoil cm from different profiles are different the concentrations of sohahs in topsoils are much higher than that in bottom soils where the concentrations are relatively constant the fingerprints of sohahs from same profile are similar in topsoil samples which are obviously different at the deep part which suggested that the sources of these compounds are consistent in topsoil and are discriminating between surface and bottom soils the main sources of sohahs in surface soil were fossil fuel combustion petroleum and wastewater irrigation while those at deep part were likely derived from the degradation products of soil organic matters | MEDAL |
we examined rhabdom structure and the CSD of filamentous actin in the photoreceptor outer segments of the retina of octopus bimaculoides animals were dark or lightadapted fixed embedded and sectioned for CS and electron microscopy statistical analyses were used to compare relative crosssectional areas of rhabdom MV and core cytoplasm within and between the two lighting conditions darklightadapted rhabdoms were also prepared for confocal laser scanning microscopy and labeled with fluorescencetagged phalloidin results show differences in the morphology of dark and lightadapted octopus rhabdoms with the crosssectional Az of the rhabdoms increasing in darkadapted retinas and diminishing in the CS comparisons between the lighting conditions show that an avillar portion of the photoreceptor outer segment membrane prominent in the lightadapted retina is recruited to form new rhabdomere MV in darkadapted eyes filamentous actin was associated with the avillar membrane in lightadapted retinas which may indicate that actin and other microvillus core proteins remain linked to the avillar membrane to support rapid microvillus formation in the dark photopigment redistributions also occur in CS and darkadapted retinas and this T0 suggests that these changes must be coordinated with the simultaneous breakdown and reformation of the rhabdomere microvilli | MEDAL |
this T0 involves elucidating the destruction mechanisms of four tetracyclines via reactions with oh and solvated electrons eaq the first step is to evaluate the bimolecular rate constants for the reaction of oh and eaq TA spectra for the intermediates formed by the reaction of oh were also measured over the time period of micros to assist in selecting the AGA wavelength for the absolute bimolecular reaction rate constants for these four EDC tetracycline chlortetracycline oxytetracycline and doxycycline the absolute rate constants with oh were x x x and x m s and for eaq were x x x and x m s respectively the efficiencies for oh reaction with the four TCs ranged from to the efficiencies for eaq reaction were except for chlortetracycline which was significantly higher than the other tetracyclines in spite of the similar reaction rate constants for eaq in all cases to evaluate the use of advanced oxidationreduction processes for the destruction of tetracyclines it is necessary to have reaction rates reaction efficiencies and destruction mechanisms this paper is the first step in eventually realizing the formulation of a detailed kinetic destruction MM for these four tetracycline antibiotics | MEDAL |
collagenase prevents in vitro the uropygial invaginations differentiation and the ectodermal glandular buds OD the BL and the extracellular material disappear these data suggest that collagen is essential to preen gland morphogenesis | MEDAL |
paraneoplastic neurologic disorders are rare autoimmune disorders which can be broken down into two CG those in which antibody response is directed against intracellular neuronal or neuroglial proteins group and those in which the immune response is directed against antigens within or subjacent to the neuronal CM group in both CG detection and treatment of the underlying neoplasm is critical and carries the best chance of clinical stabilization or remissionsyndromes in group frequently respond to therapy this may involve CSs plasma exchange pe or intravenous immunoglobulin g igg depending on the specific paraneoplastic syndrome cyclophosphamide or rituximab may be helpful in patients who fail to stabilize or improve on less aggressive therapiestreatment of syndromes in group is far more difficult and proven treatment strategies do not exist younger men years of age with limbic or brainstem syndromes testicular or germ cell PT and antima antibodies may respond to TPS RT treatment together with immunotherapy patients with paraneoplastic syndromes and antiri antibodies may respond to corticosteroids andor cyclophosphamide evidencebased treatment guidelines do not exist for patients with other CE paraneoplastic syndromes such as cerebellar degeneration or encephalomyeloneuritis approaches to therapy apart from treating the underlying RT are thus speculativein patients with rapidly progressive PS classically suggestive of a paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome time is of the essence in arresting neurologic deterioration clinical improvement in patients with longstanding symptoms is unlikely at the outset one should move rapidly to define the antibody response involved as this may also assist tumor diagnosis treatment may include prednisone intravenous igg and cyclophosphamide rituximab plus prednisone may be an alternative either initially or in the face of continued PD despite treatment with IVIG or cyclophosphamide although pe is of questionable benefit a single cycle of pe may be considered before other treatment to achieve rapid lowering of circulating paraneoplastic autoantibodies | MEDAL |
spinach ribulosebisphosphate rubp carboxylaseoxygenase ec showed marked reactivity towards TNM in the presence of rubp when the enzyme was in the fully G1 state the inactivated enzyme did not catalyze substratedependent nitroform production nitroform production was proportional to the concentration of the enzyme and tetranitromethane at optimal substrate concentrations the ph optimum for nitroform production was similar to that for carboxylation the effects of bicarbonate ribulosebisphosphate and temperature on partition of the intermediate between production of phosphoglycerate and nitroform indicate that both routes share a common intermediate data on stoichiometry of the reaction imply that the intermediate is not oxidized by tetranitromethane but instead is nitrated the data are compatible with a carbanion intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase | MEDAL |
a yearold woman presented with an acute onset generalised maculopapular rash with associated mucosal involvement on a background of recent start of GF the rash progressed rapidly over days to involve most of her body however mucosal involvement was limited to her oral mucosa characteristic target lesions appeared at h and a diagnosis of erythema multiforme secondary to GF was made after further investigation and skin biopsy the patient was monitored closely for progression of the rash and other indicators of more severe dermatological conditions such as stevensjohnson syndrome she was managed symptomatically with resolution of the rash in weeks and full REC to her premorbid level of functioning this case details the diagnostic and management approach to EM a condition that warrants thorough consideration for the differential of stevensjohnson syndrome | MEDAL |
the role of matrix metalloproteinases in parathyroid hormone pthinduced BR was assayed using a fetal rat limb bone SC system cotreatment of bones with pth and recombinant inhibitor of MPs timp in vitro inhibited the pthstimulated c the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-ASA foam enemas compared with prednisolone foam enemas in the treatment of patients with acute distal ulcerative colitis patients aged over years presenting with a relapse of distal ulcerative colitis were randomly allocated treatment with mesalazine foam enema n evaluable patients and prednisolone foam enema n evaluable patients for four weeks a randomised multicentre investigator blind parallel group trial was conducted it was found that T3 four weeks of treatment clinical remission was achieved by of 5-ASA treated patients and of patients treated with prednisolone p there was a trend in favour of more patients in the mesalazine group achieving sigmoidoscopic remission v p histological remission was achieved by and of patients receiving mesalazine and prednisolone respectively symptoms improved in both treatment groups significantly more mesalazine patients had no blood in their stools T3 four weeks of treatment v p prednisolone treated patients had significantly fewer days with liquid stools than 5-ASA patients with a median of and days respectively by week p in this study 5-ASA foam enema was superior to prednisolone foam enema with regards to clinical remission this was supported by favourable trends in sigmoidoscopic and histological remission rates both treatments were well tolerated | MEDAL |
a highly standardized reproducible burn MM on rat hind paw as well as a method to measure oedema volume noninvasively is described along with a review of the literature on earlier methods to measure postburn oedema we present a statistical DUE of the present MM with notes on its applicability in various experimental settings | MEDAL |
nanophosphors based on green emitting Tb doped yttrium silicates with the GA formula ysiotb with a size of nm were synthesized by the hydrothermal method the prepared nanophosphors were characterized by xray diffraction fieldemission scanning electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy uvvis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy it was found that the nanophosphors crystallize in an xtype monoclinic structure pc and absorb uv light from to nm which they then downconvert into visiblelight strong green emission at around nm dfj as tiobased dyesensitized solar cells exhibit their maximum incident photon to current efficiency at around nm the wavelengthmodulation characteristics of the nanophosphors can be efficient for dyesensitized solar cell systems therefore the ysiotb nanophosphors were introduced into a tiobased dyesensitized solar cell and their effects on the performance of the solar cell were investigated | MEDAL |
apoptosis is a genedirected form of cell death that is essential for normal OD and health yet abnormally high C2 of apoptosis are linked to many degenerative diseases some important PSA events in apoptosis have been identified but the therapeutic utility of blocking cell death remains unclear an important question in this regard is whether cells rescued from apoptosis can function we have investigated the mechanism of cell death in two drosophila mutant strains that exhibit agerelated retinal degeneration one of these mutations also occurs in humans where it causes retinitis pigmentosa we found that retinal cell death in rdgc and ninaerh flies occurred by apoptosis and was blocked by eyespecific expression of the baculoviral cell survival protein p most importantly the mutant flies expressing p showed significant retention of visual CF the results demonstrate a therapeutic benefit of latestage inhibition of apoptosis to flies and suggest that similar results may be obtained in higher organisms | MEDAL |
a monthold patient with WAS was developed pneumatosis intestinalis pi in the immediate posttransplant period after receiving PWS human leucocyte antigen hla phenotypically matched bone marrow bm pi has been described in patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency states and after bone marrow transplantation bmt to our knowledge the condition has not been described in was the underlying bowel mucosa damage as a result of the history of massive rectal one the effects of the conditioning regimen immunosuppression neutropenia and infection may all have contributed to the OD of pi although the condition resolved by conservative management CT the patient developed klebsiella pneumonia sepsis interstitial pneumonitis failed to engraft and died on day following a second infusion of stem cells mobilized from his fathers IP blood | MEDAL |
the lipocalin apolipoprotein d apod is associated in HP with lecithincholesterol acyl transferase it has also been found in high concentration in the fluid of gross cystic disease of the MG using protein fluorescence quenching it is shown that apod binds arachidonic acid ka of x m and as previously known progesterone ka of x m but neither cholesterol nor any of the other prostanoid molecules examined had measurable affinity this SB of AA also observable directly suggests a role for apod in the mobilisation of AA and hence prostaglandin synthesis | MEDAL |
we used suppression subtractive hybridization ssh and oligonucleotide microarray to differentiate expression profiles of metastasisrelated genes and to evaluate their clinical significance in patients with invasive oral cancer oca overexpression of the specific genes was confirmed by reverse transcriptionpcr rtpcr cells expressing the gene were identified by immunohistochemistry in pathology specimens clinical rho and significance were analyzed statistically using these methods we detected increased expressions of mmp and interleukin il in invasive oca moreover our data showed that overexpressions of mmp and il were associated with reduced survival | MEDAL |
the thyroid transcription factor ttf gene belongs to the nkx subfamily and encodes a transcription factor containing an nktype homeodomain in our T0 we isolated and characterized cdna clones for the ttfnkx orthologue ljttf from the agnathan vertebrate lampetra japonica spatial and temporal expression patterns assessed by in situ hybridization revealed the expression of ljttf in the anterior nerve cord and anteroventral region of the pharynx the neural expression was subsequently restricted to the ventral diencephalon the pharyngeal expression on the other hand extended posteriorly to the fourth pharyngealpouch level and was finally localized in the endostyle anlage in the differentiated endostyle of ammocoete larvae the expression of ljttf was chiefly detected in type a b and c cells which develop adjacent to glandular cells these expression patterns of ljttf support the idea that this gene family plays an important role in the development of the rostral brain and endostyle equivalent organs furthermore histological comparisons between ttfnkx expression in the endostyles of ammocoetes and ascidians suggested the possibility that the organogenetic architecture of the endostyle is conserved among chordates | MEDAL |
we investigated a possible role of endogenous sec and cholecystokinin cck in inhibition of GAS induced by intraduodenal administration of OA acid in rats i.d. of oleic acid emulsion in a dose of mmolhr resulted in significant inhibition of gastric acid secretion stimulated by intravenous infusion of pentagastrin microgramskghr and this was accompanied by an increase in the plasma concentration of both secretin and cck from pm and pm to pm and pm respectively p less than intravenous infusion of sec cukghr inhibited pentagastrinstimulated gastric acid secretion but cck microgramskghr failed although intravenous infusion of sec and cck in those doses produced plasma C2 comparable to the levels achieved in response to OA acid administration furthermore the OA acidinduced suppression of gastric acid secretion was blocked significantly by intravenous i.t. of rb antisecretin SS ml but not by intravenous infusion of a cckreceptor antagonist cr mgkghr thus the results of this T0 indicate that endogenous secretin rather than cck is involved in the hormonal mechanism regulating the inhibition of gastric acid secretion by intestinal fat in rats | MEDAL |
this study is designed to measure the impact of orthotopic CL transplantation olt on patients healthrelated quality of life two types of healthrelated qualityoflife questionnaires were administered at baseline and after olt generic SF-36 and liver specific chronic MLD questionnaire we also recorded clinical demographic and laboratory data preolt scores of liver transplant candidates were compared with those of the GP and patients with congestive HF chf and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd thirtyseven CL transplant candidates were evaluated men and women age years childs class a patients class b patients class c patients and galactose elimination capacity healthrelated qualityoflife scores for patients awaiting liver transplants were significantly lower than those for patients with copd and chf and those in the GA population sex and cause of CL disease did not affect the scores there was a weak but significant inverse correlation between some aspects of healthrelated quality of life and both age r to and worsening of the C-P score r to all measured aspects of healthrelated SQ of life significantly improved T3 olt and MH scores were indistinguishable from the population norms similar improvements were evident in physical and diseasespecific aspects of healthrelated SQ of life but some residual dysfunction persisted | MEDAL |
this report lists the pesticide and industrial chemicals found in the RTE foods tested repetitively for years through the us food and drug administrations revised market basket T0 the study operated from to during that time market baskets each containing food items that represented about food types in american diets covering all age groups including infants and children were collected each food item was individually prepared for eating that is it was opened unwrapped washed peeled sliced formulated by recipe or cooked each item was then composited and analytically screened for about different chemicals including chlorphenoxy acids ethylenethiourea methyl carbamates organochlorines OPs organosulfurs phenylureas and pyrethroids overall less than of the potential of million findings occurred for the year T0 period in total different chemical residues accounted for accumulated findings most findings were less than microgramg which is considered a lowlevel finding each food item averaged about lowlevel findings per analysis | MEDAL |
diacylglycerol dag kinase dgk modulates the balance between the two signaling lipids dag and phosphatidic acid pa by phosphorylating consuming dag to yield pa ten rat dgk isozymes have been identified to date in addition to two or three cysteinerich c domains protein kinase clike zinc finger structures commonly conserved in all dgks these isoforms possess a variety of regulatory domains of known andor predicted functions such as a pair of efhand motifs a pleckstrin homology domain a SAM domain a marcks myristoylated alaninerich c kinase ATP phosphorylation site domain and ankyrin repeats recent studies have revealed that dgk isozymes play pivotal roles in a wide variety of mammalian ST pathways conducting growth factorcytokinedependent cell proliferation and motility seizure activity immune responses cardiovascular responses and insulin receptormediated gl metabolism it is suggested that several dgk isozymes can serve as potential drug targets for CA epilepsy autoimmunity CH hypertension and type ii diabetes unfortunately there are no dgk isozymespecific inhibitorsactivators at present development of these EDC is eagerly awaited for the OD of novel drugs targeting dgks | MEDAL |
IS is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the us however there currently exists only one ERP acute pharmacological therapeutic MI purinergic signaling has been shown to regulate V1 function and pathological processes including inflammation and arterial myogenic reactivity and plays a role in IS outcome purinergic signaling requires extracellular purines however the mechanism of purine release from cells is unclear pannexin panx channels are potentially novel purine RyRs expressed throughout the V1 tree that couples regulated purine PR with purinergic signaling therefore we examined the role of smooth muscle and EC cell panx using conditional cell typespecific transgenic mice in cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury outcomes deletion of EC cell panx but not smooth muscle cell panx significantly reduced CI volume T3 ischemiareperfusion infiltration of WBCs into BB tissue and OD of CBF MT were both significantly reduced when mice lacked EC panx panx regulation of myogenic tone was unique to the cerebral circulation as MES myogenic CR and blood pressure were independent of EC panx overall deletion of EC panx mitigated CBF ischemic injury by reducing inflammation and MT OD indicating that endothelial panx is a possible novel target for therapeutic MI of IS | MEDAL |
a new micelle capillary electrophoresis based on cyclodextrin micellar EKC mekc for the determination of bisphenol a and alkylphenols in RS is reported several surfactants and dextrins were studied bisphenol a and APs were separated using a microm x cm capillary with mm borate PB ph containing mm sodium dodecylsulfate and mm gammacyclodextrin as carrier the method could determine microgml of phenols in microl serum by photometric detection at nm using ml SS ngml of phenols could be determined the relative standards deviations were at microgml in serum the recoveries were with microgml serum samples | MEDAL |
the piriform SC pcx has a potential role in storage and recall of olfactory information this study is a first extensive investigation of the spatiotemporal CSD of activity in the pcx induced by learned sensory inputs following conditioning in a conditioned group rats chronically implanted with four electrodes in the olfactory bulb were TR to associate the electrical stimulation of a given bulbar electrode with a positive reinforcement while stimulation of a different electrode predicted a negative reinforcement in a familisized that bfgf similarly influenced bck by inducing its expression accordingly bck promoter constructs were transiently transfected into cc cells and after a switch to differentiation medium were treated with bfgf bfgf plus herbimycin cAMP camp or phorbol myristate acetate pma analyses demonstrated that bfgf responsiveness was contained within a base pair PE electromobility shift assays showed that bfgf induction increased the abundance of the nuclear factor binding the element both effects were prevented by herbimycin neither camp nor pma specifically induced the construct containing the bfgfresponsive PE the induced factor required phosphorylation to bind implying that bfgfmediated increases in binding may be due to transcription factor phosphorylation | MEDAL |
the relationship between gut and skeleton is increasingly recognized as part of the integrated physiology of the whole organism the incretin hormones gastric inhibitory polypeptide gip and glucagonlike peptide glp are secreted from the intestine in response to nutrient intake and exhibit several physiological functions including regulation of islet hormone secretion and glucose C2 a number of glp receptor agonists glpras are currently used in treatment of type diabetes and obesity however gip and glp cognate receptors are widely expressed suggesting that incretin hormones mediate effects beyond control of gl homeostasis and reports on associations between incretin hormones and bone metabolism have emerged the aim of this minireview was to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the in vivo and in vitro effects of gip and glp on bone metabolism we identified a total of preclinical and clinical investigations of the effects of gip glp and glpras on bone turnover markers bone mineral density bmd bone microarchitecture and fracture risk studies conducted in cell cultures and rodents demonstrated that gip and glp play a role in regulating skeletal homeostasis with preclinical data suggesting that gip inhibits bone resorption whereas glp may promote bone formation and enhance bone material properties these effects are not corroborated by clinical studies while there is evidence of effects of gip and glp on bone metabolism in preclinical investigations clinical trials are needed to clarify whether similar effects are present and clinically relevant in humans | MEDAL |
we examined the association between intimate partner violence and unmet need for modern contraception in postconflict liberia this is a secondary analysis of data collected using the priorities for local aids control efforts place method data from sexually experienced young women aged in montserrado county liberia were examined IPV unintended pregnancy and abortion were pervasive in the T0 population an estimated of respondents had an unmet need for modern contraception however multivariate LR results did not reveal an association between IPV and unmet need or ci among covariates examined only contraceptive use at sexual debut was significantly associated with unmet need or ci liberian youth need information about and access to modern contraceptive methods besides condoms interventions to identify and treat victims of violence are also needed | MEDAL |
neurohypophyseal blood flow was studied using radiolabelled microspheres in dogs HH and carbon monoxide hypoxia with similar arterial oxygen contents cao approximately vol were produced under conditions of HH increases in blood flow in caudate nucleus WG matter NH and all other BB regions occurred similar blood flow responses were observed with carbon monoxide hypoxia in all BB regions except the neurohypophysis the role of carotid and aortic chemoreceptors in mediating this blood flow response was studied in additional dogs similar degrees of HH were produced in chemoreceptorintact and completely DNX animals cao approximately vol pao approximately mm hg hypoxic hypoxia produced a increase in neurohypophyseal blood flow and a concurrent rise in plasma Arg vasopressin from to pgml chemoreceptor denervation completely inhibited the increase in neurohypophyseal blood flow associated with hypoxic hypoxia Arg vasopressin was not increased by hypoxic hypoxia under conditions of complete denervation a unique role for peripheral chemoreceptors in regulating neurohypophyseal blood flow is postulated | MEDAL |
supernumerary chromosomes b chromosomes occur in approximately of eukaryote species although these chromosomes have been extensively studied knowledge concerning their TPS molecular composition is lacking in most cases the accumulation of repetitive dnas is one remarkable characteristic of b chromosomes and the occurrence of distinct types of multigene families satellite dnas and some transposable elements have been reported here we describe the organization of repetitive dnas in the a complement and b chromosome system in the grasshopper species abracris flavolineata using classical cytogenetic techniques and fish analysis using probes for five multigene families telomeric repeats and repetitive ct dna fractions the s rrna and h histone multigene families are highly variable and well distributed in a flavolineata chromosomes which contrasts with the conservation of u snrna genes and less VL distribution of s rdna sequences the h histone gene was an extensively distributed with clusters occurring in all chromosomes repetitive dnas were concentrated in cpositive regions including the pericentromeric region and small chromosomal arms with some occurrence in cnegative regions but abundance was low in the b chromosome finally the first demonstration of the u snrna gene in Bs in a flavolineata may shed CS on its possible origin these results provide new information regarding chromosomal variability for repetitive dnas in grasshoppers and the TPS molecular composition of Bs | MEDAL |
in this report we demonstrate that SOL of spontaneously hypertensive rats shr had significantly lower protein C2 of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain arc and xlinked inhibitor of apoptosis protein xiap as well as significantly higher protein levels of second mitochondriaderived activator of caspase smac and procaspase compared to normotensive wistarkyoto wky rats in addition SOL from hypertensive rats had significantly increased caspase proteolytic CEA as well as significantly elevated ROS species ros generation and higher hydrogen peroxide ho content there was no NC in the protein levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase copperzinc superoxide dismutase cuznsod and manganese superoxide dismutase mnsod interestingly arc protein migrated at approximately kda in shr but at kda in wky rat muscle possibly indicating a posttranslational modification these results demonstrate that SOL of hypertensive rats display a proapoptotic phenotype and augmented ros generation | MEDAL |
the depletion of o from co caused by the exchange of oxygen between co and water during the hydrationdehydration cycle is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase this depletion process at chemical equilibrium in the presence of erythrocytes is biphasic exhibiting a very rapid SD rate immediately following the addition of cells to an isotonic solution containing oenriched co followed by a much slower SD rate it is hypothesized that these SD characteristics are caused by the diffusion of labeled co into erythrocytes where depletion occurs rapidly due to the C1 intracellular carbonic anhydrase content kinetic equations which describe this hypothesis are solved and a rate constant is obtained which represents the depletion of o in co caused by the presence of red cells these are equilibrium experiments with no net uptake or loss of co in the cells consequently depletion processes are not limited in rate by bicarbonatechloride exchange or proton CSD across the membrane the purpose of these measurements is to determine whether the rate of o depletion in red cell suspensions is determined by carbonic anhydrase activity in the cell or by the DWI process by which co enters the cell this goal is achieved by partially inhibiting carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide the rate constant representing o depletion caused by the presence of red cells is unchanged even though up to of carbonic anhydrase is inhibited from this rate constant the permeability constant of the membrane of rat erythrocytes to co at degrees and ph is determined to be x cm s in the presence of mm picrate a passive anion DWI inhibitor intended to block hco flux across the membrane using no picrate andssary when arteriography shows the patency of the vein | MEDAL |
melanosis microbiological chemical and physical changes of pacific WG shrimp litopenaeus vannamei treated with catechin were monitored during iced storage of days whole shrimp treated with catechin solution or had retarded growth of psychrophilic bacteria and spoilage microorganisms including hsproducing bacteria and enterobacteriaceae throughout storage in comparison with the control and those treated with sodium metabisilfite sms p the lower increases in ph and total volatile base tvb content were obtained in the shrimp treated with catechin solution at both levels compared with those of other samples p lipid oxidation loss in freshness and melanosis were lowered by catechin treatment in GA the tau of catechin in lowering melanosis and quality losses increased with increasing C2 used additionally catechin and wv showed GABA activity toward polyphenoloxidase ppo of pacific white shrimp in a dosedependent manner therefore catechin can be used as a promising melanosis inhibitor as well as an antimicrobial and an antioxidant in icestored shrimp | MEDAL |
the transactivator of transcription tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type hiv is known to undergo ubiquitination however the roles of ubiquitination in regulating tat stability and MICs are unclear in addition although the and residue forms are commonly used for in vitro studies the residue form is predominant in the clinical isolates of hiv the influence of the carboxylterminal region of tat on its functions remains unclear | MEDAL |
the anterior pituitary gland produces several hormones essential for regulation of the somatic endocrine system deficiency of these hormones can cause lifethreatening diseases including adrenal crisis pituitary tissue generated from human pluripotent stem cells is expected to provide better treatment than current hormone replacement therapy during early mammalian development the pituitary anlage rathkes pouch develops from nonneural ectoderm adjacent to the developing VP hypothalamus the close interaction between these two tissues is crucial for rathkes pouch OD and involves several signaling molecules early SE of human embryonic stem cells in d floating culture to sonic Hh and bone morphogenetic protein promoted the cells differentiation into oral ectoderm and subsequently hormoneproducing cells such as corticotrophs ACTH hormoneproducing cells the differentiation RPA described herein which induces the formation of pituitary tissue in contact with Thy neural tissue mimics mammalian PIT development the differentiated corticotrophs are functional responding normally to both release and feedback signals © by john wiley sons inc | MEDAL |
recently discovered bone metabolic markers are expected to play an additional role in the diagnosis of bone metastasis we measured bone metabolic markers SS pyridinoline crosslinked ICTP of type i collagen ictp and P1CP of human type i procollagen picp in patients with breast cancer with bone metastases patients with prostatic CA with BM patients with LC with bone metastases and patients with miscellaneous cancers with BM and compared the values in the presence and absence of bone metastasis ictp and picp increased significantly in patients with bone metastases by the analysis of sensitivity and specificity the cutoff C2 were considered to be ngml for ictp and ngml for picp in lung cancer BM are mostly of osteolytic ictp was excellent marker in detecting bone metastasis in breast cancer BM are mostly of mixed type ictp was good in detecting BM in prostatic cancer BM are mostly of OB ictp and picp were good markers in detecting high grade of BM over all ictp was more CS in the diagnosis of bone metastases than picp however both markers were not ERP in detecting low grade bone metastases ictp and picp should play a supportive role to imaging modalities in the diagnosis of bone metastases | MEDAL |
the kinetics of hydrolysis of aqueous dispersion of longchain saturated phosphatidylcholines pc catalysed by crotalus atrox phospholipase a pla have been analyzed and a reaction mechanism proposed which takes surface effects into account pla is proposed to form an ES with surface substrate molecules thereby undergoing a conformational change which exposes sites that interact with the lipid surface after a hydrolytic event the enzyme can either desorb from the surface path or diffuse along the surface to an adjacent ATP molecule path the path dominated mechanism leads to michaelismenton steadystate kinetics and characterizes hydrolysis of gel phase pc evidence for saturation of the surface with pla was obtained at high enzyme concentrations the path mechanism dominates when the desorption rate is very small this mechanism describes hydrolysis of liquid crystalline phase pc and is characterized by an initial burst of hydrolysis followed by a very slow reaction the velocities in these two phases of the reaction are independent of bulk pc concentration when gel and liquid crystalline pc phases coexist as in mixtures of dimyristoyl and distearoylpc the liquid crystalline phase is preferentially hydrolysed products of the reaction lysopc and fatty acid stimulated hydrolysis apparently by stimulating desorption of pla the desorption rate constant appears to be a linear CF of the surface concentrations of lysopc and HFA the proposed model describes hydrolysis progress curves extremely well and is consistent with current ideas on the mechanism of catalysis by this enzyme | MEDAL |
plasma histamine levels and the histologic electronmicroscopic and immunofluorescent analysis of skin biopsy specimens were examined during the development of vibrationinduced angioedema in two patients the reactions to vibration in these patients were characterized by clinical angioedema peaking to hours T3 challenge evidence of mast cell degranulation as indicated biochemically by an early and late increase in plasma histamine and histologically by exocytosis of mast cell granules a progressive infiltration of inflammatory cells coinciding with the peak clinical reaction and an absence of the immunoreactants igg igm iga c and fibrinogen the reactions in both patients were morphologically and biochemically similar to the cutaneous latephase allergic reactions that occur T3 igemediated antigenprovoked mast cell degranulation these studies suggest that vibratory angioedema is a manifestation of mast cellinduced cutaneous latephase reactions | MEDAL |
adaptively shaped subpicosecond pulses at microm are obtained from a synchronously pumped OPO based on periodically poled lithium niobate a simulated annealing algorithm is used in a learning loop to gain adaptive control of the midinfrared idler PP shape via shaping of a chirped nearinfrared pump PP both indirect control via optimization of the signal AP and direct control via optimization of the twophoton absorption of the idler in an ingaas detector has been demonstrated both these optimizat attention recently has been given to the role that the highly conserved polymerase iv pol iv family of polymerases plays in tolerating adducts induced by NF and other ndggenerating agents yet little is known about how nitrofurazoneinduced dna damage is processed by the cell in this study we characterized the genetic repair pathways that contribute to survival and mutagenesis in escherichia coli cultures grown in the presence of nitrofurazone we find that nucleotide excision repair is a primary mechanism for processing damage induced by nitrofurazone the contribution of TLS to survival was minor compared to that of nucleotide excision repair and depended upon pol iv in addition survival also depended on both the recf and recbcd pathways we also found that nitrofurazone acts as a direct inhibitor of dna replication at higher concentrations we show that the direct inhibition of replication by nitrofurazone occurs independently of dna damage and is reversible once the NF is removed previous studies that reported nucleotide excision repair mutants that were fully resistant to nitrofurazone used high concentrations of the drug microm and short exposure times we demonstrate here that these conditions inhibit replication but are insufficient in duration to induce significant C2 of dna damage | MEDAL |
we have used spinlabeled analogues of phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine to compare the transverse diffusion rates of lipids in normal and sickle erythrocytes the betachain of the spinlabeled lipids was a short chain five carbons providing the spin labels with a relative water solubility and hence permitting their rapid incorporation into cell membranes the orientation of the labeled lipids in the membranes was assayed by selective chemical reduction of the nitroxide labels embedded in the outer leaflet we have found that all three spinlabeled phospholipids are initially incorporated in the outer leaflet upon incubation at degrees c the aminophospholipids not the phosphatidylcholine diffuse toward the inner leaflet within h the transverse diffusion rate of aminophospholipids is reduced by phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in homozygote sickle cells ss when compared with normal cells aa or heterozygote cells as or sc at equilibrium the asymmetric CSD of spinlabeled phospholipids resulting from this selective diffusion is also reduced in ss cells when compared with aa sc or as cells this reduced asymmetry was not found in a reticulocyterich blood sample hemoglobin a indicating that the age of the cell cannot be responsible for this phenomenon moreover because at low temperatures the sickling process does nribution of nondialysed and dialysed patients and gastric histology in patients with severe brunners gland PH the mean serum pg ii concentration was significantly higher than in the other patients both the serum pg i and the SS pg ii concentrations decreased after receiving a well functioning renal SPK in the two patients who underwent transplantation | MEDAL |
specific cellulase production rates scpr were compared with intracellular cAMP camp levels in the thermophilic actinomycete thermomonospora curvata during growth on several carbon sources in a chemically defined medium scpr and camp levels were u endoglucanase eg units and pmol per mg of dry cells respectively during exponential growth on gl these values increased to about and respectively during growth on cellulose detectable eg production ceased when camp levels dropped below cellobiose usually considered to be a cellulase inducer caused a sharp decrease in camp levels and repressed eg production when added to cellulosegrown cultures deoxydglucose although nonmetabolizable in t curvata depressed camp to levels observed with gl but unlike glucose the dg effect persisted until cells were washed and transferred to fresh medium scpr values and camp C2 in cells grown in continuous SC under conditions of cellobiose limitation were markedly influenced by dilution rate d the maxima for both occurred at d SC generation time of h when d was held constant and TC concentration was increased over a fold range to support higher Css population C2 scpr values decreased about fivefold indicating that extracellular catabolite accumulation may be a factor in eg repression the role of camp in the mechanism of this repression appears to be neither simple nor direct since large changes up to fold in scpr accompany relatively small changes fold in cellular camp C2 | MEDAL |
DDE at a concentration of μl l causes a slight increase in the duration of the MI cycle in the primary root meristems of both PSA l and zea mays l this is due to a lengthening of the g phase other phases of the cycle are unaffected ARG and microdensitometry show that the rate of hthymidine incorporation into nuclei of pisum is maximal when about half the dna has been replicated and that ethylene has no effect upon this rate ethylene causes a reduction of the number of dividing cells in the root meristem particularly in pisum | MEDAL |
desmopressin acetate microgramkg was given intravenously to nine patients with chronic CL disease and to a further six such patients in a double blind controlled T0 versus placebo DDAVP significantly shortened the BT compared with basal values in both CG and compared with PL there was also a significant decrease in PTT time but not prothrombin time and significant increases in factor viii and its components von willebrand factor and ristocetin cofactor activity but not in factors vii ix x xi or xii increased fibrinolysis could be blocked by concomitant administration of tranexamic acid no important side effects were seen the multimer pattern of von willebrand factor was studied for the first time in chronic CL disease it was normal but C2 of desmopressin acetate the percentage of multimers of higher molecular weight increased significantly this may be an important mechanism in the shortening of the BT in cirrhosis as has been shown in uraemia and other conditions C2 of desmopressin acetate desmopressin acetate may be useful in correcting defects in primary haemostasis in chronic liver disease | MEDAL |
the mannitol TPS enzyme ii of the phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system of escherichia coli catalyzes an exchange reaction in which a phosphoryl moiety is transferred from one molecule of the heat stable phosphocarrier protein hpr to another an CA was developed for measuring this reaction unlabeled phosphohpr and ilabeled free hpr were incubated together in the presence of enzyme iimtl and production of ilabeled phosphohpr was measured the reaction was concentrationdependent with respect to enzyme iimtl and did not occur in its absence the reaction occurred in the absence of mg in the presence of mm edta treatment of enzyme iimtl with the histidyl reagent diethylpyrocarbonate inactivated it with respect to the exchange reaction C2 of nethylmaleimide which inactivate enzyme iimtl with respect to both penolpyruvatedependent phosphorylation of mannitol and mannitolmannitolp transphosphorylation did not affect its activity in the exchange reaction however treatment with another sulfhydryl reagent pchloromercuribenzoate resulted in partial inactivation the ph optimum for the enzyme iimtlcatalyzed exchange reaction was about enzyme i and the glucose specific enzyme iii two other e coli phosphotransferase system proteins which like enzyme iimtl interact directly with hpr were also shown to catalyze ihprhprp phosphoryl exchange | MEDAL |
in this review article we make suggestions on how to approach the increasing problem worldwide of bacterial acute respiratory infections resistant to antibiotics after a brief description of the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance ie enzymatic inactivation by betalactamases reduction in the permeability of the outer membrane and the development of pbps that have decreased affinity for the antibiotic we analyze documented experiences on the response to different CG of antibiotics beta lactam antibiotics cephalosporins carbapenems and quinolones of the most commonly isolated bacteria from invasive respiratory infections haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxela branhamella catarrhalis antimicrobial agent susceptibility in vivo and in vitro testing and the rho of their results provide the basic information for the adoption of adequate policies and strategies for better use of antibiotics in bacterial respiratory infections proper surveillance would allow to make intelligent changes in such a policy standardized recommendations for clinical practice on the use of antibiotics could be misleading iatrogenic and could complicate the resistance problem to prevent and control the rise and spread of bacterial resistance an interdisciplinary RPA is needed | MEDAL |
the data from clinics concerning infants who had developed severe lactic acidosis and hyperglutamic acidaemia were reviewed bloodlactate C2 were up to mmoll REF level and plasmaglutamate levels up to pmoll REF level and there was no concomitant hyperglutaminaemia C2 up to micromoll reference level a positive rho between the amount of calcium levulinate administered and the degree of hyperglutamic acidaemia was found replacement of the calcium levulinate by another calcium salt caused a reversal of the biochemical abnormalities of the patients two of the infants had a q microdeletion this development of severe acidosis in infants who had been given a calcium supplement in the form of calcium levulinate may be related to genetic predisposition the paradoxal hyperketonaemia and generalized aminoaciduria in other patients suggested disturbed function ofthe mitochondrial RC the hypothesis of the occurrence of an underlying defect of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was tested in the muscle tissue of one q patient but this showed no CA excessive accumulation of glu because of dysfunction ofglutamine synthetase which forms glu from glutamine seems unlikely because of the relatively low values of plasma glutamate compared to the glutamine plasma levels calcium levulinate should no longer be used in neonates as it may lead to LA | MEDAL |
in the convergence context of ID technology and informationdata transmission the barcode found its place as the simplest and the most pervasive solution for new uses especially within mobile commerce bringing youth to this longlived technology from a communication theory point of view a barcode is a singular coding based on a graphical representation of the information to be transmitted we present an information theoretic RPA for d imagebased barcode reading analysis with a barcode facing the camera distortions and acquisition are modeled as a communication channel the performance of the system is evaluated by means of the average mutual information quantity on the basis of this theoretical criterion for a reliable transmission we introduce two new measures the theoretical depth of field and the theoretical resolution simulations illustrate the gain of this RPA | MEDAL |
the simultaneous analysis of main antileprosy drugs such as diaminodiphenyl sulfone dds clofazimine rifampicin and their main metabolites in serum was examined by highperformance liquid chromatography using a mubondapak c column when the drugs dissoluted from serum were developed by tetrahydrofuran acetic acid clofazimine and rifampicins could be analyzed separately apart from the mutual separation of watersoluble conjugates of dds the individual analysis of dds its main liposoluble metabolite and a few related sulfone compounds is possible when the drugs are first developed by acetonitrilewater by the use of tetrahydrofuranwater containing pic b the rapid measurement of clofazimine isolated from the other compounds is also possible | MEDAL |
we modeled the flow of methyl mercury a toxic global pollutant in the faroe islands marine ecosystem and compared average human methyl mercury SE from consumption of pilot whale meat and fish cod gadus morhua with current tolerable weekly intake twi leveig compared to reported by others this shows that cytoplasmic ig occurs in a much greater percentage of cases than reported previously of cases showed positivity for both surface and cytoplasmic ig with showing kappa CS chain restriction and showing lambda light chain restriction six expressed cytoplasmic ig only with showing kappa light chain restriction and showing lambda light chain restriction one case expressed neither cytoplasmic nor surface ig cd positivity portends a worse prognosis of the cases tested for cd were positive of these cases were in the surface igcytoplasmic ig group and in the cytoplasmic ig group only also of the cases tested for cd expression were positive these data question the use of both weak surface ig expression and lack of cd expression as valid scoring criteria for cll | MEDAL |
isolated outer hair cells ohcs and explants ot the OC were obtained from the cochlea of the echolocating bat carollia perspicillata whose hearing range extends up to about khz the ohcs were about microns long and produced resting potentials between to mv during stimulation with a sinusoidal extracellular voltage field Vc gradient of mvmicrons cyclic length changes were observed in isolated ohcs the displacements were most prominent at the level of the cell nucleus and the cuticular plate in the OC explants the extracellular electric field induced a radial movement of the cuticular SP which was observed using video subtraction and photodiode techniques maximum displacements of about microns were elicited by stimulus frequencies below hz the displacement amplitude decreased towards the noise level of about nm for stimulus frequencies between hz both in apical and basal explants this compares well with data from the guinea pig where ohc motility induced by extracellular electrical stimulation exhibits a low pass characteristic with a corner frein calnexin both interact with glycosylated biosynthetic precursors of proteins selectively expressed in specialized cells | MEDAL |
in vivo models in rodents and primates were used to investigate ways of overcoming the poor oral and rectal absorption of ceftriaxone the sodium salt of ceftriaxone at mgkg was formulated in cc chain length mono and diglyceride extracts of coconut oil capmul and administered intraduodenally to adult rats peak plasma C2 of microgramsml and bioavailability averaging were attained significant plasma levels microgramsml were also demonstrated in squirrel monkeys with doses of mgkg ceftriaxone formulated in capmul and given by the enteral route entericcoated capsules containing this formulation were also orally po to squirrel monkeys and gave high plasma C2 microgramsml between and h following dosing in rectal absorption studies ceftriaxone formulated in capmul as a suspension gave peak blood levels of microgramsml average BA in the rb in the baboon rectal administration of ceftriaxone formulated with capmul in a witepsol h suppository gave cmax C2 ranging from to microgramsml depending on the dose of the antibiotic and the drugenhancer ratio | MEDAL |
this article discusses three largely unrecognized aspects related to fluid movement in ocular tissues namely a the dynamic changes in water permeability observed in corneal and conjunctival epithelia under anisotonic conditions b the indications that the fluid transport rate exhibited by the ciliary epithelium is insufficient to explain aqueous humor production and c the evidence for fluid movement into and out of the lens during accommodation we have studied each of these subjects in recent years and present an DUE of our data within the context of the results of others who have also worked on electrolyte and fluid transport in ocular tissues we propose that the corneal and conjunctival epithelia with apical aspects naturally exposed to VL tonicities are capable of regulating their water permeabilities as part of the cellvolume regulatory process fluid may directly enter the AC of the eye across the anterior surface of the iris thereby representing an additional entry pathway for aqueous humor production and changes in lens volume occur during accommodation and such changes are best explained by a net influx and efflux of fluid | MEDAL |
the application of nanotechnology to medicine can provide important benefits especially in oncology a fact that has resulted in the emergence of a new field called nanooncology nanoparticles can be engineered to incorporate a wide variety of chemotherapeutic or diagnostic agents a nanocapsule is a vesicular system that exhibits a typical coreshell structure in which AS molecules are confined to a reservoir or within a cavity that is surrounded by a CP membrane or coating delivery systems based on NC are usually transported to a targeted tumor site and then release their contents upon NC in environmental conditions an effective delivery of the therapeutic agent to the RT site and to the infiltrating tumor cells is difficult to achieve in many cancer treatments therefore new devices are being developed to facilitate intratumoral CSD to protect the active agent from premature degradation and to allow its sustained and controlled PR this review focuses on recent studies on the use of nanocapsules for cancer therapy and diagnosis | MEDAL |
this study was conducted to establish an in vitro maturation ivm system by selection of efficient PS during porcine in vitro production to investigate the efficient porcine SS ps different types of ps P0 pig SS prepubertal gilt serum pgs estrus sow SS and pregnancy sow serum were used to supplement ivm media with or without GTH gth and OD rates of parthenogenetic activation pa and in IVF ivf embryos were then compared the maturation rates of the pgs group was significantly higher when gth was not added additionally during development of pa embryos without gth the pgs group showed significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst formation rates moreover the cleavage rates of ivf embryos were significantly higher in the pgs group with no significant differences in the blastocyst formation however when gth was supplemented into the ivm media there were no significant differences among the four groups in the cleavage rates development rates of the blastocyst and cell number of the blastocyst T3 pa and ivf in conclusion pgs is an efficient macromolecule in porcine ivm and gth supplementation of the ivm media is beneficial when ps is used as macromolecule regardless of its origin | MEDAL |
dopamine and campregulated phosphoprotein of kda darpp plays a CE role in medium spiny SN in the neostriatum in the integration of various neurotransmitter signaling pathways in its thrphosphorylated form it acts as a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor and in its thrphosphorylated form it acts as a campdependent kinase inhibitor here we investigated glutamatedependent signaling cascades in mouse neostriatal slices by analyzing the phosphorylation of darpp at thr and thr treatment with glutamate mm caused a complex NC in darpp thr phosphorylation an initial rapid increase in thr phosphorylation was nmdaalphaaminohydroxymethylisoxazolepropionic acid ampametabotropic glutamate receptordependent and was mediated through activation of a neuronal nitric oxide synthasenitric oxidecgmpcgmpdependent kinase signaling cascade a subsequent decrease in phosphorylation was attributable to activation of an nmdaampa receptorcaprotein phosphataseb signaling cascade this decrease was followed by rephosphorylation via a pathway involving metabotropic glutamate receptorphospholipase c and extracellular receptor kinase signaling cascade treatment with glu initially decreased thr phosphorylation through activation of nmdaampa receptorcaprotein phosphatasea signaling thereafter glu slowly increased thr phosphorylation through activation of metabotropic glu receptorphospholipase c signaling our analysis of darpp phosphorylation in the neostriatum revealed that glu activates at least five different signaling cascades with different time dependencies resulting in complex regulation of protein kinase and protein phosphatase MICs | MEDAL |
clay aerogels ultra LD materials made via a simple freezedrying technique have shown much promise in broad applications because of their low densities often in the same range as Si aerogels gcm but suffering from low mechanical strength a bioinspired RPA to mineralize an AS polymerclay aerogel composite is inspected showing marked improvement of the mechanical properties with increasing modificbesity using direct sequencing a heterozygous nonsense mutation causing premature termination at CAA in the alpha subunit of insr gene rx was identified her father years old was not obese but showed impaired gl tolerance her PWS grandmother years old has been suffered from diabetes mellitus for years interestingly they had the same mutation one case of leprechaunism bearing homozygous mutation at codon was identified these findings led to the hypothesis that rx may contribute to the R2 of dm in the GA population in japan an extensive search was done in participants in a group medical examination that included healthy cases of normoglycemia and cases already diagnosed type dm or detected hyperglycemia the search however failed to detect any rx mutation in this local population in addition the proband showed low level cpeptideinsulin molar ratio indicating that this ratio is considered to be a useful index for identifying patients with genetic insulin resistance in conclusion a nonsense mutation causing premature termination T3 CAA in the alpha S1 of the insulin receptor was identified in japanese diabetes patients further investigations are called for to address the molecular mechanism | MEDAL |
a number of physiological responses and adjustments occur at high ALT to compensate for hypoxia we hypothesized that interference with one component of the normal compensatory process the sympathetic NS would hinder altitude acclimatization and thereby exacerbate acute mountain sickness ams and compromise wellbeing twelve young males years received either mg propranolol pro n or PL pla n tid at sea level sl and during the first d of a d residence at m ha individuals were randomly assigned to each group the environmental PS questionnaire esq was administered at sl and twice daily am and pm during the entire ALT SE in order to assess ams symptoms and subjective feelings of wellbeing supine heart rate hr was determined at rest twice at sl and four times at ha hr in the pla group increased over sl values to beatsmin by day at ha p less than hr in the pro group did not increase above sl values during medication at ha by d T3 the medication administration was terminated hr in the pro group had increased and did not differ from the pla group throughout the entire ALT SE esq scores for the pro group were lower than or similar to the pla group furthermore cessation of pro treatment did not result in a NC in wellbeing these findings suggested that interference with the normal acclimatization process by betaadrenergic blockade did not exacerbate ams or reduce feelings of wellbeing | MEDAL |
the mode of action of dantrolene sodium was studied in multiple sclerosis patients with spastic paresis of the legs by measurements of changes in electromyographic and mechanomyographic proprioceptive reflex responses and in voluntary SP dantrolene sodium mg per kg body weight given intravenously clearly reduced MSR twitch tension but voluntary power only moderately so the electromyographic reflex responses were unchanged or slightly increased the mode of action of the drug on spindle function is discussed on the basis of the present findings and the literature it is concluded that dantrolene sodium does not reduce spindle stretch sensitivity but probably reduces activity in group ii and tonic a afferent SF | MEDAL |
to examine igg antibeta glycoprotein i antibeta gpi IB in sera referred for anticardiolipin antibody acl testing and to develop preliminary clinical correlations with antiphospholipid syndrome aps | MEDAL |
previous studies in man have shown that during betaadrenoceptor blockade PE caused a significantly greater elevation of plasma catecholamines than without blockade T3 blockade of betaadrenoceptors increased levels of circulating CAs should have an unopposed effect on adrenergic alphareceptors in order to elucidate such an effect experiments were performed with TR dogs before and after acute betaadrenoceptor blockade mgkg propranolol i v exercise was performed on a conveyor min kmh Mw besides catecholamine concentrations in plasma as an index of alphareceptorstimulation potassium Cmax were determined immediately after exercise PNA was increased from to pgml plasma adrenaline from to pgml and PK from to mmoll T3 betaadrenoceptor blockade exercise caused a significantly higher increase in PNA from to pgml and plasma adrenaline from to pgml also plasma potassium concentrations were significantly elevated from to mmoll the results indicate an enhanced reflex activation of sympathoneuronal and SA mechanisms during exercise after betaadrenoceptor blockade the increased concentrations of noradrenaline at the ARs might reduce the efficiency of betablockade concomitantly increased stimulation of alphaadrenoceptors oronary angiography because they had disabling angina pectoris despite medical therapy we found LM CAS of or greater of the VD in of group a and of group b p greater than in contrast only of other catheterized patients who had TM tests that were not early positive had LM coronary disease p less than fiftyfour patients from group a who did not have LM stenosis of or greater were treated medically in this subgroup had or major coronary vessels with or greater stenosis these patients had a month survival rate of we conclude that an early positive treadmill test identifies patients who have an increased likelihood of having left main CS even if they are minimally symptomatic to identify left main CS catheterization may be justified in patients whose angina pectoris has been mild or not intensively treated when they have an early positive treadmill response T3 left main CS has been excluded these patients may be treated medically with a low mortality | MEDAL |
pth promotes endocytosis of human pth receptor pthrc by activating protein kinase c and recruiting betaarrestin we examined the role of betaarrestin in regulating the cellular distribution and camp signaling of two constitutively active pthrc mutants hr and tp overexpression of a betaarrestingreen FL protein gfp conjugate in cos cells inhibited constitutive camp accumulation by hr and tp in a dosedependent manner as well as the response to pth of both mutant and wildtype pthrcs the cellular distribution of pthrcgfp conjugates FL ligands and ssarrestingfp was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy in hekt cells in cells expressing either receptor mutant a ligandindependent mobilization of betaarrestin to the cell membrane was observed in the absence of ligand hr and wildtype pthrcs were mainly localized on the cell membrane whereas intracellular trafficking of tp was also observed while agonists promoted betaarrestinmediated endocytosis of bot pthrc mutants antagonists were rapidly internalized only with tp the protein kinases inhibitor staurosporine significantly decreased internalization of ligandpthrc mutant complexes although the recruitment of betaarrestin to the CM was unaffected moreover in cells expressing a truncated wildtype pthrc lacking the CT cytoplasmic domain agonists stimulated translocation of betaarrestin to the cell membrane followed by ligandreceptor complex internalization without associated betaarrestin in conclusion camp signaling by constitutively AS mutant and wildtype pthrcs is inhibited by a receptor interaction with betaarrestin on the cell membrane possibly leading to uncoupling from gsalpha this phenomenon is independent from protein kinases activity and the receptor cterminal cytoplasmic domain in addition there are differences in the cellular localization and internalization features of constitutively active pthrc mutants hr and tp | MEDAL |
committing an error is part of the human nature no health care provider despite the mastery of their skills is immune from committing it medical error in the labor and obstetrics wards as well as other health units is inevitable and reduces the quality of health care leading to accident sometimes these events like the death of mother fetus and newborn would be beyond repair the purpose of this study was to investigate the perspective of gynecological ward providers about medical errors | MEDAL |
three peptide toxins exhibiting strong paralytic activity to molluscs but with no paralytic effects on arthropods or vertebrates were purified from the venom of the molluscivorous snail conus textile neovicarius from the red sea the amino acid sequences of these mollusc TPS toxins are txia wckqsgemcnlldqnccdgycivlvct identical to the socalled king kong peptide txib wckqsgemcnvldqnccdgycivfvct txiia wggystyc gamma vds gamma ccsdncvrsyct gamma Gla there is a similarity of the cys framework of these toxins to that of the omegaconotoxins however their net negative charges high content of hydrophobic residues and uneven number of cys residues in txiia are highly unusual for conotoxins when assayed on isolated cultured aplysia neurons all three toxins induced spontaneous repetitive firing the txi toxins also induced a marked prolongation of the action potential duration voltage clamp experiments revealed that the txi toxins alter the kinetics of the sodium current either by slowing down the rate of sodium current inactivation or by recruiting silent sodium channels with slower activation and inactivation kinetics the toxins shift the voltagedependent steadystate na current inactivation curve to more positive values by mv these changes are not associated with alteration in the rate of ina activation in the peak ina or the sodium current reversal potential txi represents a new class of conotoxins with an unusual phylogenic specificity and may therefore be useful as a probe for the T0 of Vc gated sodium channels this review summarizes previously published papers | MEDAL |
the dramatic global impact of tuberculosis on mortality has been well documented but its impact on morbidity has not been well described the emphasis on treatment of latent tuberculosis tb infection highlights the tradeoff between shortterm decrements in health status from preventive therapy and longterm gains related to fewer cases of AS tb however these changes in health status have not been characterized as a first step we examined the feasibility and reliability of administering two health status questionnaires in a multicultural tb clinic setting the medical outcomes study sf and the euroqol eqd were selfadministered during weekly interviews one hundred and eightysix potentially eligible patients were identified of whom could be evaluated were confirmed eligible sixtyseven agreed to participate were women fiftythree participants were foreignborn with median residence in canada of years fifty of the participants completed all study measurements were treated for latent tb for AS tb and eight had previous active tb cronbachs alpha coefficients ranged from to for the sf domain scores intraclass correlation coefficients were for the sf PCS component summary for the mental component summary and for the eqd these instruments appeared reliable in a highly selected group of tb patients | MEDAL |
avian song is a sexually dimorphic behavior which is regulated seasonally this regulation involves the construction and growth of song control structures the high vocal center hvc nucleus robustus archistrialis ra nucleus magnocellularis anterior man and area x song behavior and its neural correlates are controlled by steroiddependent ain risk of coronary disease for carriers with this allelic variant the lipoprotein lipase ns S2 showed no association with coronary disease summary odds ratio confidence interval the summary odds ratio for lipoprotein lipase ster S2 is confidence interval indicating a marginal negative association between this variant and coronary disease the common lipoprotein lipase pvu ii polymorphism shows no relation to coronary disease summary odds ratio confidence interval the rare allele of the lipoprotein lipase hindiii polymorphism is negatively associated with coronary disease summary odds ratio confidence interval the lipoprotein lipase dn S2 is associated with high C2 of triglyceride and low levels of highdensity lipoprotein similar atherogenic lipid C2 are observed in subjects with structural mutations lipoprotein lipase ce and pl carriers of the ster S2 have low C2 of triglyceride the lipoprotein lipase gene variants which decrease lipoprotein lipase catalytic activity are associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia but not the elevation of apolipoprotein b seen in this disorder in conclusion allelic SCV in the lipoprotein lipase gene are associated with altered lipid levels and differential coronary disease risk | MEDAL |
drug therapy for latestage encephalitic HAT hat is currently very unsatisfactory with the most commonly used drug melarsoprol having a overall mortality there is evidence in a mouse MM of hat that substance p sp receptor antagonism reduces the neuroinflammatory reaction to cns trypanosome infection in this study we investigated the effects of combination chemotherapy with melarsoprol and a humanised SPR antagonist aprepitant emend in this mouse MM the melarsoprolaprepitant drug combination did not produce any clinical signs of illness in mice with cns trypanosome infection this lack of any additional or unexpected cns toxicity in the mouse model of cns hat provides valuable safety data for the future possible use of this drug combination in patients with latestage hat | MEDAL |
the use of chemical modifiers as radiosensitizers in combination with lowdose irradiation may increase the therapeutic effect on CA by overcoming a high AI threshold here we showed that phytosphingosine treatment in combination with gammaradiation enhanced AI cell death of radiationresistant human tcell lymphoma in a caspaseindependent manner combination treatment induced an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species ros level mitochondrial relocalization of bcell lymphomabclassociated x protein bax polyadenosine diphosphate adpribose polymerase parp activation and nuclear translocation of apoptosisinducing factor aif sirna targeting of aif effectively protected cells from the combination treatmentinduced cell death an antioxidant nacetyllcysteine nac inhibited bax relocalization and aif translocation but not parp activation moreover transfection of baxsirna significantly inhibited aif translocation i.c.v. of parp inhibitor dpq dihydropiperidinylbutoxyhisoquinolinone or parpsirna also partially att aif translocation whereas the same treatment did not affect intracellular ros level and bax RD taken together these results demonstrate that enhancement of cell death of radiationresistant cancer cells by phytosphingosine treatment in combination with gammaradiation is mediated by nuclear translocation of aif which is in turn mediated both by rosdependent bax relocalization and rosindependent parp activation the molecular signaling pathways that we elucidated in this T0 may provide potential drug targets for radiation sensitization of cancers refractive to radiation therapy | MEDAL |
in the doctor draft interrupted dr severinghaus anesthesia and physiology training and sent him to the national institutes of health as director of anesthesia research at the newly opened clinical center he developed precise laboratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide pco and ph analysis to investigate lung blood gas exchange during HT constants for carbon dioxide solubility and pk were more accurately determined in august he heard richard stow describe invention of a carbon dioxide electrode and immediately built one improved its stability and tested its response characteristics in april he also heard leland clark reveal his invention of an oxygen electrode dr severinghaus obtained one and constructed a stirred cuvette in which blood partial pressure of oxygen po could be accurately measured technician bradley and dr severinghaus combined these making the first blood gas CAS in and and shortly thereafter they added a ph electrode blood gas analyzers rapidly developed commercially dr severinghaus collaborated with astrup and other danes on the haldane and bohr effects and their concepts of BE during two sabbaticals in copenhagen work with both astrup and roughton on the oxygen dissociation curve led dr severinghaus to devise a modified hill equation that closely fit their new better human oxygen dissociation curve and a blood gas slide rule that solved oxygen dissociation curve pco ph and acidbase questions blood gas analysis revolutionized both clinical medicine and cardiorespiratory and metabolic physiology | MEDAL |
developing rats of two outbred stocks lister and wistar were either wellnourished or were undernourished by FF their mothers a restricted quantity of food during pregnancy and lactation all rats were fed ad lib from days beginning at months the mating behaviour of males was investigated in five tests at weekly intervals using ovariectomised females brought into behavioural oestrus using injections of oestradiol and progesterone lister males were tested with lister females and wistar males with wistar females early life undernutrition reduced the numbers of nonpenetrative mounts and shortened the RL to ejaculate in rats of the lister but not the wistar stock mount latency was reduced by early undernutrition in the wistar stock but was unaffected in the lister stock these results indicate that the effects of early life undernutrition on male mating behaviour differ in dets to a decrease of inhibition this observation appears to be specific of human leucocyte elastase since porcine pancreatic elastase and both human and bovine chymotrypsins are not inhibited by trna | MEDAL |
eighteen infants were entered into a randomized placebocontrolled trial of dexamethasone therapy for chronic lung disease initial ventilation requirements were similar in the two groups although all infants were in headbox oxygen on entry to the trial the dexamethasonetreated infants showed a significantly more rapid improvement during the st week of treatment although the overall duration of oxygen therapy was similar in both groups cranial ultrasound examination revealed new port in loading with lipidsimpairment of usual catabolism of hdl particles which after carrying out of their functions are remained in circulation and converted into hdllike particles in hypocholesterolemic diet TPS pool appears to be available in turnover of small particles into C1 fractions conversion of a into a subfractions thus shortterm lipid loading as well as prolonged diet free of animal lipids usually occurring in human life affect the transport system of cholesterol elimination from peripheric tissues which was manifested as alteration in the subfraction spectrum of hdl | MEDAL |
the influence of three important cytokines il tnfalpha and huifnalpha on ongoing rhinovirus infections has been examined in vitro individually or as combinations TNF was able to transform traces of hrv infections into fullblown infections furthermore TNF was able to downregulate the antiviral action of huifnalpha completely even at levels of just a few pgml this suggests that the induction of TNF by hrv may be part of the viruss strategy to minimize the interferon response which is part of the hosts immune defence system however troxerutin a flavonoid was able to neutralize the downregulatory action of tnfalpha on the Le system at low C2 and reestablish the antiviral activity ascribed to ifnalpha il exerted a minor influence on the interferon system and had no influence on rhinovirus infections the in vitro findings are supported in part by recent in vivo findings in a common cold pilot T0 | MEDAL |
BR results in marked vascular adaptations and resistive vibration exercise rve has been shown to be an ERP countermeasure as vibration exercise has practical and logistical limitations the use of resistive exercise res alone has the preference under TPS circumstances however it is unknown if res is sufficient to prevent V1 adaptations to BR therefore the purpose of the present T0 was to examine the impact of res and rve on the vascular function and structure of the superficial FA i.a. in young men exposed to days of BR eighteen healthy men age yr were assigned to BR and randomly allocated to control res or rve groups exercise was applied timeswk for minsession resting diameter blood flow flowmediated dilation fmd and dilator capacity of the SF femoral artery were measured using echodoppler ultrasound BR decreased superficial FA diameter and dilator capacity p which were significantly attenuated in the rve group p and p respectively but not in the res group p and p respectively bed rest significantly increased fmd p an effect that was abolished by rve p but not res p resting and hyperemic blood flow did not change in any of the CG thus rve abolished the marked increase in fmd and decrease in baseline diameter and dilator capacity normally associated with prolonged BR however the CS- provided by res CT was insufficient to counteract the vascular adaptations to bed rest | MEDAL |
whichever dialysis therapy is used there is a similar need for correcting the acid base balance the most important tool for this is the buffer in the dialysis fluid and when using convective therapies also in the substitution solution the buffer source in all modern versions of these therapies should be bicarbonate the more efficient the dialysis treatment in terms of small solute transport the more rapid the uptake of buffer thus optimally applied haemodiafiltration has the potential for the largest buffer gain the target for acidbase correction in dialysis is to maintain patients within or as close to the physiological plasma bicarbonate range as possible however crosssectional studies of acid base status among patients treated with contemporary forms of dialysis often show moderate acidosis as metabolic acidosis has been found to be an important CS- for protein catabolism in exp studies an association with nutritional problems has been sought in dialysis patients this has revealed a negative rho between plasma bicarbonate and nutritional parameters acidotic patients were found to have better nutritional status than patients with normalized acidbase balance however caution should be exercised when interpreting plasma bicarbonate levels since acidosis may be a cause as well as an effect of excessive protein catabolism although available clinical data suggest that the catabolic effect of mild acidosis can be compensated by adequate nutrition and adequate dialysis it should be desirable to aim for a normalized acidbase balance in combination with adequate nutritional intake and delivery of dialysis | MEDAL |
MD mdd is a serious mental disorder that if untreated not only affects physical health but also has a high risk of suicide while the neurophysiological phenomena that contribute to the formation of SI si are still illdefined clear links between mdd and cardiovascular disease have been reported the aim of this T0 is to extract suitable features from arterial pulse signals with a view to predicting si within mdd and control groups sixteen unmedicated mdd patients with a PH of si mddsi sixteen without si mddsi and twentynine HS cont were recruited at a psychiatric clinic in the uae depression severity and si were assessed using the hamilton depression rating scale and beck depression inventory PP wave amplitude pwa was calculated as the difference between the peak systole and the valley diastole of the arterial pulse within each cardiac cycle then d toneentropy te features were extracted from the systole diastole and pwa time series the te features extracted from diastole were the best markers for predicting mddsi the overall classification accuracies of classification and regression tree cart model by using te features of systole diastole and pwa were and respectively when all te features were combined accuracy increased up to in identifying mddsimddsicontrol groups | MEDAL |
a heightened immune response in which immune responses are primed by repeated exposure to a pathogen is an important characteristic of vertebrate adaptive immunity in the present study we examined whether invertebrate animals also exhibit a primed immune response the ld of gramnegative enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli oh sakai in silkworms was increased fold by preinjection of heatkilled sakai cells silkworms preinjected with heatkilled cells of a GP bacterium staphylococcus aureus did not have resistance to sakai silkworms preinjected with EHEC e coli peptidoglycans cell surface components of bacteria were resistant to sakai infection silkworms preinjected with s aureus peptidoglycans however were not resistant to sakai silkworms preinjected with heatkilled sakai cells showed persistent resistance to sakai infection even after pupation repeated injection of HK sakai cells into the silkworms induced earlier and greater production of antimicrobial MMP than a single injection of HK sakai cells these findings suggest that silkworm recognition of gramnegative peptidoglycans leads to a primed immune reaction and increased resistance to a second round of bacterial infection | MEDAL |
the amyloid plaque is the hallmark of alzheimers disease ad the transmembrane domain and a portion of the cterminus a beta of the amyloid precursor protein are known to form the nucleus of the amyloid PI it has been demonstrated recently using in vitro assays that the a beta peptide can activate both the classical antibodyindependent and alternate pathways of complement activation the proposed complement activation is due to the binding of a beta to the complement components cq and c respectively which initiate formation of the proinflammatory ca and cb membrane attack complex in this report we have investigated the in vitro findings for the likely complementdependent Th1 properties of the alzheimers disease a beta peptide we have performed experiments using congenic cdeficient and csufficient mice injected with synthetic a beta and recombinant polypeptide c containing a beta i.t. of c into csufficient mice induced a clear increase in the number of polymorphonuclear cells neutrophils at the site of injection due to complement activation and the subsequent release of Th1 chemtoactic factors in sharp contrast the cdeficient mice did not show any increase in cellular influx the vaccinia virus complement control protein an inhibitor of both the CP and alternate pathway can downregulate the biologically significant activation of complement by a beta as demonstrated by an in vitro immunassay the therapeutic downregulation of a betacaused complement activation could greatly alleviate the progression of some of the chronic neurodegeneration characteristic of alzheimers disease | MEDAL |
high dimensional biomedical datasets contain thousands of features which can be used in molecular diagnosis of disease however such datasets contain many irrelevant or weak rho features which influence the predictive accuracy of diagnosis without a feature selection algorithm it is difficult for the existing classification techniques to accurately identify patterns in the features the purpose of feature selection is to not only identify a feature subset from an original set of features without reducing the predictive accuracy of classification algorithm but also reduce the computation overhead in data mining in this paper we present our improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm which introduces a chaos SM weight factor an absolute balance group strategy and an adaptive transfer factor our proposed RPA explores the space of possible subsets to obtain the set of features that maximizes the predictive accuracy and minimizes irrelevant features in highdimensional biomedical data to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method we have employed the knearest neighbor method with a comparative analysis in which we compare our proposed RPA with genetic algorithms particle swarm optimization and the shuffled frog leaping algorithm experimental results show that our improved algorithm achieves improvements in the ID of relevant subsets and in classification accuracy | MEDAL |
the surface phonon and electronphonon interactions in the twodimensional topological insulator bi film are calculated including the spinorbit coupling from densityfunctional perturbation theory by analyzing the zonecenter phonons an anomalous phonon hardening of two raman modes eg and ag in ultrathin films is found and is explained by considering the redistribution of the charge density on the surface of the semimetallic bi surface phonon band structures and the surface phonon density of states are given and we find that softening and hardening of surface phonon modes occur simultaneously in ultrathin bi film but the softening may dominate over the hardening the calculated electronphonon coupling constant λ for bi film is much larger than that for the bulk which might induce surfacelocalized superconductivity in this twodimensional topological insulator | MEDAL |
the CL contains macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells mdcs that are critical for the regulation of hepatic inflammation most hepatic macrophages and mdcs are derived from monocytes recruited from the blood through poorly understood interactions with hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells hsecs human cd monocytes are thought to contain the precursor populations for tissue macrophages and mdcs we report that cd cells localize to areas of AS inflammation and fibrosis in chronic inflammatory CL disease and that a unique combination of cell surface receptors promotes the TEM of cd monocytes through human hsecs under physiological flow X4 activation was the dominant pertussissensitive mechanism controlling transendothelial migration under flow and expression of the cxcr ligand cxcl is increased on hepatic sinusoids in chronic inflammatory MLD SE of cd monocytes to immobilized purified cxcl triggered betaintegrinmediated adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule and induced the development of a migratory phenotype following transmigration or exposure to soluble cxcl cd monocytes rapidly but transiently lost expression of X4 adhesion and transmigration across hsecs under flow was also dependent on V1 adhesion protein vap on the hsecs | MEDAL |
this study determined the prevalence and clinical significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test dat observed in pretransfusion tests on red cells from patients with AIDS syndrome aids transfusion service records showed that prevalence of a positive dat on red cells was in aids patients compared to in general hospital patients during a year period a similar rate of was observed in other hyperglobulinemic patients of the aids patients whose CRC were dat positive four had igg and complement four had igg and two had complement CT on their CRC the eluates were not reactive with normal CRC nor with penicillin or cephalothincoated CRC clinically no hemolysis was observed in this series a positive dat in aids patients appeared not to be associated with autoimmune HA the positive dat in aids patients may be due to the hyperglobulinemic state | MEDAL |
SE to hydrofluoric acid is serious and many times fatal we have reported the case of a man who was totally immersed in a hydrofluoric acid solution a multidisciplinary RPA to management was important to his ultimate REC | MEDAL |
the laplace transform damping ltd method of common femoral artery doppler waveform analysis is a new method for assessing aortoiliac stenosis a microcomputer was used to analyze the waveform to determine the value of the damping parameter which is related to inflow stenosis the T0 included limbs with arterial disease and limbs in normal control subjects with a damping value of used as the cutoff point between nonocclusive lesions and iliac stenoses of greater than diameter reduction we found a sensitivity of and a specificity of overall accuracy unlike doppler waveform analysis by the pulsatility index method the accuracy of the ltd method is not affected by occlusion of the superficial FA i.a. the doppler signal processor and the computer currently used for the ltd analysis are simple to operate and fully suitable for routine use in a clinical V1 laboratory our experience indicates that the ltd method of waveform analysis provides the best noninvasive method for detection of significant inflow disease | MEDAL |
in piglets feeding AA aa and docosahexaenoic acid dha in a ratio leads to elevated BMC but the optimal total quantity requires clarification we studied bone mass and modeling of piglets that were randomized to receive of formulas for d control formula or the same formula with various C2 of aadha g g or g aadha g of fat measurements included bone area ba mineral content bmc and density bmd of whole body lumbar spine and excised femurs biomarkers of bone modeling were plasma osteocalcin and urinary crosslinked ntelopeptides of type collagen ntx tibial ex vivo PR of prostaglandin e pge plasma insulinlike growth factor igf and tissue fatty acids main effects were identified using anova and post hoc bonferroni t tests in supplemented piglets relations among CL HFA proportions and BMC were assessed using pearson correlations whole body p and lumbar spine p bmd were higher in the group supplemented with g aadha g of fat than in controls tissue aa and dha increased in proportion to diet levels liver eicosapentaenoic acid epa correlated positively r or p or with whole body and femur bmc and bmd and LS bmc CL aaepa ratio correlated negatively r or p or with whole body femur and lumbar spine bmc plus whole body and femur bmd dietary g aadha g reduced ntx relative to g aadha g of fat p the diets did not affect the other PSA variables measured low C2 of dietary aadha g g of fat elevate bone mass but higher amounts are not beneficial | MEDAL |
partial buddchiari syndrome was produced in monkeys by obstructing or lobar hepatic veins with a rapidly polymerizing plastic hepatic angiography done months later revealed crowded tortuous arteries and a dense hepatogram in the lobe with A-V occlusion unobstructed lobes were hypertrophied retrograde injection of persistently patent hepatic veins demonstrated a spiderweb collateral system VA venography to demonstrate this pathognomonic plexus is the procedure of choice when partial buddchiari syndrome is suspected | MEDAL |
the larvae of most coral species spend some time in the plankton floating just below the surface and hence exposed to high C2 of ultraviolet radiation uvr the high levels of uvr are potentially stressful and damaging to dna and other cellular components such as proteins reducing survivorship consequently mechanisms to either shade prevent or repair damage potentially play an important role in this T0 the role of photoreactivation in the survival of coral planulae was examined photoreactivation is a lightstimulated response to uvdamaged dna in which photolyase proteins repair damaged dna PR rates as well as the localization of photolyase were explored in planulae under conditions where photoreactivation was or was not inhibited the results indicate that photoreactivation is the main dna repair pathway in coral planulae repairing uvinduced dna damage swiftly k h and a halflife of repair of min with no evidence of any lightindependent dna repair mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair ner at work photolyase mrna was localized to both the ectoderm and endoderm of the larvae the amount of cell death in the coral planulae increased significantly when photoreactivation was inhibited by blocking PRL we found that photoreactivation along with additional uv shielding in the form of five mycosporinelike amino acids are sufficient for survival in surface tropical waters and that planulae do not accumulate dna damage despite being exposed to high uvr | MEDAL |
twophoton microscopy offers the promise of monitoring brain activity at multiple locations within IN tissue however serial sampling of voxels has been difficult to reconcile with millisecond timescales characteristic of neuronal activity this is due to the conflicting constraints of scanning speed and signal amplitude the recent use of acoustooptic deflector scanning to implement randomaccess multiphoton microscopy ramp potentially allows to preserve long illumination dwell times while sampling multiple pointsofinterest at high rates however the reallife abilities of ramp microscopy regarding sensitivity and phototoxicity issues which have so far impeded prolonged optical recordings at high frame rates have not been assessed here we describe the design implementation and characterisation of an optimised ramp microscope we demonstrate the application of the microscope by monitoring [Ca2+]i in purkinje cells and cortical pyramidal cell dendrites and spines we quantify the illumination constraints imposed by phototoxicity and show that SD continuous highrate recordings can be obtained during these recordings the fluorescence signal is large enough to detect spikes with a temporal resolution limited only by the calcium dye dynamics improving upon previous techniques by at least an order of magnitude | MEDAL |
a woman aged was studied because of a severe acute porphyric neurologic relapse with clinical and chemical findings characteristic of porphyria variegata during a family survey her brother aged was found to have chemical CA typical of porphyria cutanea tarda without suggestion of neurologic manifestations he had mild skin changes compatible with either of these forms of porphyria the sister exhibited the protocoproporphyria of porphyria variegata together with a large amount of fecal x porphyrin fraction without demonstrable isocoproporphyrins the brother had a uroisocoprotype of porphyria in accord with the diagnosis of PCT and quite at variance with the sisters findings this occurrence of porphyria variegata and PCT in siblings is thus far unique certain hypotheses are considered in respect to genetic aspects of the differing prophyrias in this sibling pair | MEDAL |
the langmuir trough RPA to the study of the PCS properties of an in vitro system representing the NK tear lipidaqueous interface gives useful information on the effect produced by changes of composition of both phases we found that variations of the composition of the lipid mixture affect more strongly the characteristics of the film rather than changes in the AQ phase composition therefore future investigations should consider the possibility of searching for and optimising additions of lipid mixtures to the natural tear film these novel mixtures should stabilise the lipid SL and thus treat the evaporative dry eye syndrome more critical and worthy of further investigation is the effect of surfaceactive watersoluble components that can reduce and ultimately destroy the lipid film integrity and effectiveness the beneficial effect of watersoluble components either naturally occurring or artificially added may be more precisely compared with possible side effects on the stability of the lipid tear SL in any case these side effects may be largely compensated by the presence of stability enhanced lipid composition the present work may be considered as an introductory investigation that takes the physicalchemical approach into the realm of debated data about the tear film structure and properties refining the MM we have adopted in the present work is certainly necessary for instance introducing into the model tear composition other components such as ceramides and cerebrosides will provide insight to their contribution to the packing structure we may also couple different techniques such as measuring elastic and rheological properties of the films that may be relevant to its physiological behaviour | MEDAL |
a year follow up of japanese adults aged years and above revealed a close association between cancer of the sigmoid colon n and alcohol consumption or rr for drinkers versus non drinkers was ci in men and in women in men attributable risk was and rrs in non infrequent occasional and daily drinkers were and respectively rrs of daily consumption versus nonconsumption in men for cancers of mouth pharynx oesophagus stomach proximal colon sigmoid colon and rectum were and respectively a combined effect of alcohol and smoking was evident for cancers of the upper digestive tract but almost absent for those of the lower digestive tract | MEDAL |
a highperformance liquid chromatographic hplc method for the assay of the hepatic microsomal polysubstrate monooxygenase catalyzed hydroxylation of testosterone is described the metabolites are extracted from the incubation mixture with dichloromethane and the extract is washed with dilute alkali and water dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness the residue is dissolved in methanol and an aliquot analyzed the products are separated by RP chromatography with a methanolwatertetrahydrofuran gradient and quantitated at nm by the internal standard technique the CA does not use radioactively labeled testosterone and can measure hydroxylase activity in microsomal samples containing less than mg protein at least seven products alpha beta beta alpha alpha and betahydroxytestosterone and androstenedione are resolved by hplc the major products formed by microsomes from untreated AD male rats are alpha not beta and alphahydroxytestosterone and androstenedione which constituted of the total products followed by beta alpha and smaller quantities of beta and betahydroxytestosterone the carrier of the ATP in the incubation mixture was found to affect significantly the metabolite pattern and total activity and of the several solvents studied methanol yielded the highest total activity since the beta alpha and alphahydroxylation of testosterone is catalyzed by distinct forms of cytocodaminebisothiocyanate ritc is shown to be a convenient and advantageous fluorescence tracer both for anterograde IF of retinal GCL axons on the tectum and for retrograde staining of GCL HB in the retina of chick embryos after intravitreal i.t. the dye is taken up by GCs of the retina from the extracellular space and is transported anterogradely at about mmday up to the axonal growth cones on the tectum ritc can be taken up by growing axons on the tectum and it is transported retrogradely at about mmday to the cell bodies in the retina local staining can be achieved if ritc is applied in its crystalline form ritc is nontoxic for the cells and their axons is resistant to histological fixation procedures and allows quick observation in vivo and on dissection stained tissue local application of ritc to distinct retinal areas allows examination of the position of the corresponding stained fibers along the retinotectal pathway fibers which arise from the CE temporal retina occupy deeper layers whereas SF from the peripheral temporal retina occupy more superficial layers in the OT and in the stratum opticum on the anterior tectum the growth cones of early retinal fibers growing directly on the tectal surface show a different morphology to later growth cones growing on top of the SO on the tectum | MEDAL |
recent studies have demonstrated that modifying the classic às allout sprint interval training protocol by incorporating either shorter sprints às or s sprints or fewer sprints eg às sprints reducedexertion highintensity interval training rehit does not attenuate the traininginduced improvements in maximal aerobic capacity the aim of the present study was to determine if reducing the sprint duration in the rehit protocol from s to s per sprint influences acute affective responses and the NC in VO2max following training thirtysix sedentary or recreationally active participants women mean ± sd age ± years body mass index ± kg·m | MEDAL |
gl and xylose are the two most abundant sugars in renewable lignocellulose sources however typically they cannot be simultaneously utilized due to carbon catabolite repression nacetylglucosamine glcnac is a typical nutraceutical and has many applications in the field of healthcare here we have developed a gene repressor system based on xyloseinduced crispr interference crispri in Bs aimed at downregulating the expression of three genes zwf pfka glmm that control the L1 competing reactions of glcnac synthesis PP pathway hmp glycolysis and PGN synthesis pathway psp with the potential to relieve glucose repression and allow the coutilization of both gl and xylose simultaneous repression of these three genes by crispri improved glcnac titer by to ± gl with the glcnac yield on gl and xylose showing an improvement reaching ± gg in order to further engineer the synergetic utilization of glucose and xylose a combinatorial approach was developed based on arrays containing sgrnas with different repression capacities targeting the three genes we further optimized the temporal control of the system and found that when gl xylose was added HAI the most efficient strain bnx synthesized ± gl glcnac with a yield of ± gg gl and xylose in shake flask culture finally the glcnac titer and productivity in a l fedbatch bioreactor reached ± gl and ± glh which were fold and fold of that in shake flask SC respectively taken together these findings suggest that a crisprienabled regulation method provides a simple efficient and universal way to promote the synergetic utilization of multiple carbon sources by microbial cell factories | MEDAL |
devices that degrade vision were applied to the left eyes of day old chicks the dome device affected the entire visual field and the arch device only the lateral field control chicks wearing a circumorbital ring and UT chicks were also examined the dome device produced d and the arch device d of mean refractive error while the ring and UT chicks were emmetropic morphological measurements were made from macrophotographs of the intact and hemisected eyes fixed as for electron microscopy the effects of the devices were analysed from the mean differences between the left treated and right control eyes nearly linear growth of the normal eye was found during the period in which measurements were taken age days the ring device did not affect eye growth the arch device significantly increased the dorsoventral equatorial diameter of the eye the dome device had the greatest effect and resulted in increases in both axial length and equatorial diameter during the treatment period dome eyes had a bulging cornea increased anterior chamber depth more open angle and greater corneal diameter than controls the axial length and equatorial diameter of the posterior segment also were increased two inflammatory responses of the eye were found particularly in dome eyes about of treated eyes exhibited choroidal swelling and vitreal clouding was found less frequently the association between inflammation and excessive accommodation in producing the observed changes is discussed | MEDAL |
three theoretical formulations of ejaculatory incompetence have been proposed in the literature they include aversive conditioned inhibition of the ejaculatory reflex an autosexual orientation associated with discrepant levels in the cognitive and physiological dimensions of sexual arousal and a discriminative learning model these three models are discussed in relation to their theoretical and therapeutic implications clinical data supporting the discriminative view is presented | MEDAL |
repinotan is a highly potent hta receptor agonist with strong neuroprotective efficacy in animal models of M1 occlusion and traumatic brain injury in this T0 we characterized the time window for neuroprotective effects of repinotan in animal models in the permanent MCAO model repinotan showed neuroprotective tau when po as a triple bolus i.t. microgkg or an intravenous infusion microgkg per hour a reduction in infarct volume was observed with a microgkg intravenous bolus and a reduction was observed with a and microgkg per hour intravenous infusion when delayed until hours T3 occlusion repinotan microgkg per hour reduced infarct volume by in the transient MCAO MM repinotan microgkg per hour administered immediately T3 occlusion reduced infarct volume by and a delay to hours reduced infarct volume by in the acute subdural hematoma MM repinotan and microgkg per hour reduced infarct volume by in this MM repinotan microgkg per hour administered hours after occlusion reduced infarct volume by the favorable neuroprotective tau broad DR curve and prolonged therapeutic window observed in all models strongly suggest that repinotan is a promising candidate for treating AIS in humans | MEDAL |
in the mammalian ovary both gonadotropins and local cytokines acting through gprotein coupled receptors govern the physiology of the ovary in part by regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate via adenylyl cyclases the nine transmembrane adenylyl cyclases and a soluble adenylyl cyclase are regulated by a diversity of ligands in this T0 we have examined the rat ovaries prior to and subsequent to gonadotropin treatment for the presence of different TM adenylyl cyclases by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy aca i immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of oocytes in preantral and antral follicles along with some IF in granulosa cells eCG injection increased adenylyl cycldna CS cgis play a crucial role in mRNA and cell differentiation as such they are normally used as gene markers the earlier cgi ID methods used the rich cpg dinucleotide content in cgis as a characteristic measure to identify the locations of cgis the fact that the probability of nucleotide g following nucleotide c in a cgi is greater as compared to a noncgi is employed by some of the recent methods these methods use the difference in transition probabilities between subsequent nucleotides to distinguish between a cgi from a noncgi these transition probabilities vary with the data being analyzed and several of them have been reported in the literature sometimes leading to contradictory results in this article we propose a new and efficient scheme for identification of cgis using statistically optimal null filters we formulate a new cgi ID characteristic to reliably and efficiently identify cgis in a given dna sequence which is devoid of any ambiguities our proposed scheme combines maximum SNR ratio and least squares optimization criteria to estimate the cgi ID characteristic in the dna sequence the proposed scheme is tested on a number of dna sequences taken from human chromosomes and and proved to be highly reliable as well as efficient in identifying the cgis | MEDAL |
to test the hypothesis that eye muscle surgery in treatment of patients with acquired DBN results in improvement measures of visual and ocular motor function | MEDAL |
this T0 was designed to standardise a progressive exercise test for the assessment of NC in carbon monoxide transfer coefficient kco with exercise and to examine the variation between subjects and the reproducibility within subjects normal subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer while ventilation heart rate and expired gas concentrations were recorded continuously preliminary studies showed that reduction of the breath hold time to six seconds made measurements of kco during heavy exercise more comfortable without affecting the result when kco was measured immediately after exercise it was lower than when measured during exercise kco was measured in normal subjects at rest and at three different work loads maintained for three T2 with a pause of five T2 between each the relationships between kco and both oxygen consumption and work load were linear in all subjects but the relationship between kco and heart rate was distorted by high resting heart rates in some subjects the mean Mw of the relationship between kco and oxygen consumption vo was steeper in women than in men mean slopes and mmol min kpa l per min respectively and the same was true for the relationship between kco and work rate the HR rate rose more steeply in relation to vo in women so that the relationship of kco to heart rate was similar in men and women mean Mw mmol min kpa l per beat min repeat studies on five occasions in five individuals gave coefficients of variation for the slopes of the relationships between kco and vo work rate and heart rate of | MEDAL |
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