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studies of intracellular membrane traffic have traditionally focused on the protein components of membranes but what about lipids recent findings have drawn attention to the transport of one type of lipid the sphingolipids their unique PCS properties may allow them to aggregate into microdomains in CM that concentrate sphingolipids into TPS transport pathways gerrit van meer and koert burger consider here the routes of sphingolipid biosynthesis and transport and the role of proteins in their targeting the following article by deborah brown turns the tables to review the evidence suggesting that sphingolipid domains are important in specific targeting of gpianchored proteins to the BPM | MEDAL |
activity of galactokinase subjects and galactosephosphate uridyl GOT subjects were measured in haemolysed blood from children predominantly of school age with congenital cataract chi tests genefrequency determination and metabolickinetic studies indicated that the changes in the lens in congenital cataract are partly due to a manifest or latent disorder of galactose metabolism in particular a glactosephosphate uridyl transferase defect | MEDAL |
HC virus hcv reorganizes cellular CM to establish sites of replication the required host pathways and the mechanism of cellular membrane reorganization are poorly characterized therefore we interrogated a customized si rna sirna library that targets host membranetrafficking genes to identify genes required for both hcv sg replication and infectious virus production we identified host cofactors of viral replication including cdc and rock actin polymerization eea and raba early endosomes rabl and pikinase cgamma and pikinase iiialpha phospholipid metabolism studies of drug inhibitors indicate actin polymerization and phospholipid kinase activity are required for hcv replication we found extensive colocalization of the hcv replicase markers nsa and dsRNA with raba and partial colocalization with rabl pikiiialpha colocalized with nsa and dsRNA in addition to being present in detergentresistant CM containing nsa in a comparison of type ii and type iii pikinases piks were not required for hcv entry and only pikiiialpha was required for hcv replication although pikiiialpha sirnas decreased hcv replication and virus production by almost they had no effect on initial hcv rna translation suggesting that pikiiialpha functions at a posttranslational stage electron microscopy identified the presence of membranous webs which are thought to be the site of hcv replication in hcvinfected cells pretreatment with pikiiialpha sirnas greatly reduced the accumulation of these membranous web structures in hcvinfected cells we propose that pikiiialpha plays an essential role in membrane alterations leading to the formation of hcv replication complexes | MEDAL |
the role of target organs in the maturation of adrenergic SN was studied in the neonatal rat the superior cervical ganglion scg and its end organs the SGs and iris were employed as a model system unilateral sialectomy and iridectomy in dayold animals prevented the normal OD of ganglion IMT hydroxylase toh and DDC activities these enzymes are highly localized to adrenergic neurons in the scg and were used to monitor maturation of these cells CEA remained depressed for at least two months the longest time tested in contrast total ganglion protein a measure of ganglion growth as a whole initially developed normally six weeks T3 surgery however protein content was significantly lower in ganglia deprived of the normal field of innervation failure of normal enzyme maturation was apparently dependent on removal of ipsilateral end organs only since bilateral sialectomy exerted no greater effect than unilateral sialectomy in adults unilateral sialectomy and iridectomy did not significantly alter ganglion toh activity or protein in rats followed up to one month after surgery | MEDAL |
immediate treatment of acute human immunodeficiency virus type hiv infection has been associated with subsequent control of viremia in a subset of patients after therapy cessation but the immune responses contributing to control have not been fully defined here we examined neutralizing antibodies as a correlate of viremia control following TI in HIV+ individuals in whom highly active antiretriviral therapy haart was initiated during early seroconversion and who remained on therapy for to years immediately following treatment interruption neutralizing antibodies were undetectable with tcellline adapted strains and the autologous primary hiv isolate in seven of nine subjects env and gagspecific antibodies as measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent CA were also low or undetectable at this time despite this apparent poor maturation of the virusspecific bcell response during haart autologous neutralizing antibodies emerged rapidly and correlated with a spontaneous downregulation in rebound viremia following treatment interruption in three subjects control of rebound viremia was seen in other subjects in the absence of detectable NT antibodies the results indicate that virusspecific bcell priming occurs despite the early institution of haart allowing rapid secondary neutralizingantibody production following treatment interruption in a subset of individuals since early haart limits viral diversification we hypothesize that potent neutralizingantibody responses to autologous virus are able to mature and that in some persons these responses contribute to the control of plasma viremia T3 treatment cessation | MEDAL |
pyriform sinus fistula is a rare clinical entity and the precise origin remains controversial the fistula is discovered among patients with AST or deep neck infection of the left side of the neck and is usually located in the left PS to the best of our knowledge only a single tract has been reported to be responsible for PS fistula infection we present a case of a yearold female patient with a pyriform sinus fistula that caused a deep infection of the left side of the neck and showed doubletract involvement discovered during surgical resection of the entire fistula both tracts arose around the pyriform sinus and terminated at the upper portion of the left lobe of the thyroid | MEDAL |
the oesophageal transit time of barium sulphate capsules was measured using x ray fluoroscopy in patients with mitral valve disease and control patients in the erect and supine positions when swallowed with both ml and ml of water an erect barium swallow was performed and from a lateral radiograph the area of indentation of the CLO caused by the cardiac impression was measured LAD was derived from m mode echocardiography in patients with mitral valve disease one or more capsules remained in the oesophagus for five minutes and disintegrated there whereas this occurred in only six control patients capsule transit time was significantly slower in the study patients than in the CP in the SP with ml water there was a significant rho between the area of indentation and mean capsule transit time and supine ml transit time the area of indentation closely correlated with the left atrial diameter when capsules were delayed in the CLO this occurred mainly at the level of the left atrial impression in the study patients and at the LOS in the CP patients with MVD are more likely than CP to have delayed oesophageal transit of capsules because of the anatomical deformity caused by enlargement of the LA | MEDAL |
bombesin bbs at doses of and nm stimulated CL cl production by phagocytic cells monocytes macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in mice in the presence of zap OPZ particles containing luminol these data suggest that bbs increased the phagocytic CF of mouse phagocytes bbsrelated peptides gastrinreleasing MMP grp grp grp and neuromedin b also induced similar cl responses compared with bbs the cl response elicited by bbs was depressed dramatically by various concentrations of egta a ca chelator indicating that a ca pathway may play a key role in the bbsstimulated cl response | MEDAL |
monoacylglycerol lipase magl is a L1 serine hydrolase that hydrolyzes arachidonoylglycerol ag to arachidonic acid aa and glycerol in the BB because ag and aa are endogenous biologically AS ligands in the BB inhibition of magl is an attractive therapeutic target for cns disorders particularly neurodegenerative diseases in this study we report the structurebased drug design of novel piperazinyl pyrrolidinones starting from our hit EDC a and b by enhancing the interaction of the piperazinyl pyrrolidinone core and its substituents with the magl enzyme via design modifications we identified a potent and reversible magl inhibitor compound rt p.o. of compound rt to mice decreased aa levels and elevated ag C2 in the brain | MEDAL |
the structures of the protonated water cluster hho have been globally explored by the scaled hypersphere search method on the HF PE surface isomers were found among which were computed to be minima at the blypg level and their energies were further refined at the level of mpgdfp the global minimum on the potential energy surface computed at the blypg level shows a cagelike structure with the eigen motif while the lowestfreeenergy isomer has a fivememberedring structure at k and a chain form at k the present results are well in line with previous experimental findings in addition the admp atomcentered density matrix propagation simulation indicates that the extra proton in the lowestfreeenergy isomer k which has a fivemembered ring and the zundel feature is often in an asymmetrical hydrogen bond | MEDAL |
despite the existing research the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis ra an autoimmune disease remains poorly understood with early and accurate diagnosis difficult to achieve micrornas mirnas play an important role in biological processes as modulators of transcription and translation previous studies have demonstrated a downregulation of several genes in early ra stages and in addition mirnas may serve as early biomarkers of subclinical changes in early ra when comparing the four CG anova p fold NC we found differentially expressed mirnas of these mirnas were identified as overexpressed in early rheumatoid arthritis the validation of mirna microarray expression was performed in a set by rtqpcr and showed strong agreement with microarray expression data the putative targets of overexpressed micrornas in early ra were significantly EC in apoptosis tolerance loss and wnt pathways moreover roc analysis showed values of auc and p for mir p identifying this mirna as a potential biomarker of disease we identified specific micrornas associated with ERA and proposed them as early biomarkers of disease our results provide novel insight into immune disease physiopathology and describe unreported micrornas in ra with potential for clinical use | MEDAL |
in the drug prevention programme studied here peers were acting as teachers for their colleagues we focused on the contribution of student characteristics and of teaching quality to the gain in knowledge about drugs th and thgraders in eight classes answered a questionnaire three times before immediately after and five months T3 the intervention there was a significant increase in knowledge immediately T3 the MI mean m and after five months m compared to the score before m furthermore nongerman speaking students of the sekundarschule higher level learned the most nongerman speaking students of the realschule lower level learned nothing at all we found a positive association between teaching quality as assessed by each class and knowledge gain in the same class multiple linear regression analysis showed that five months after the MI student characteristics explained an important part of the variance in knowledge gain of the total variance while teaching SQ explained another consequently these characteristics can serve as predictors of knowledge gain in such programmes | MEDAL |
vitamin b and its phosphate derivatives thiamine monophosphate and TPP are shown to form stable hostguest complexes with cucurbituril B6 in AQ solution the IB sites of B6 on these guests shift from the ethylthiazolium region of to the pyrimidine moiety of and due to the presence of phosphate CG leading to variations of binding affinities as well as chd exchange rate constants and ch pka values with these guest molecules | MEDAL |
respiratory system mechanics were evaluated in a yearold asymptomatic man with absence of the left hemidiaphragm we described changes in esophageal pressure pes gastric pressure pga CW configuration and mediastinal motion during tidal PLB breaths to TLC tlc and mueller maneuvers in the upright and SP we predicted that contraction of the single hemidiaphragm would drive the abdominal contents caudal on the side with the IN hemidiaphragm and displace the abdominal contents cephalad on the other side this would drive the mediastinum toward the side with the IN diaphragm thereby reducing its effectiveness in expanding the lung on that side when upright this effect would be minimized to the extent that the RC muscles lower pleural pressure in the thorax without the diaphragm we found that vital capacity vc and tlc were greater upright than supine and that pga deflections were almost as strongly negative as pes deflections during upright quiet breathing and breaths to tlc thus the rib cage muscles enhanced the inspiratory action of the right hemidiaphragm in the upright position in the supine position pes became negative without change of pga during breaths to tlc and QS inspirations here contraction of the hemidiaphragm was the dominant mechanism generating the inspiratory pressure during maximal mueller efforts the mediastinum shifted toward the side with the IN diaphragm in both positions and the MIP pressures were low these pressures were likely to have been limited by both the finite impedance to rotation of the thoracoabdominal contents or mediastinum and a mechanical disadvantage of the remaining hemidiaphragm we conclude that the effectiveness of the single hemidiaphragm as an inspiratory pump requires passive impedance of the abdominal viscera and mediastinum and is enhanced in the upright position by the action of the rib cage muscles | MEDAL |
deteriorated AM structure at the base of blebs and bullae is known as the reticulated trabeculalike structure its clinical significance in primary spontaneous pneumothorax psp remains unclear this study aimed to investigate the impact of the structure on recurrence of psp after videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery vats bullectomy | MEDAL |
two months T3 pinealectomy carried out in adult male rats previously exposed to a long photoperiod ld during weeks the weight of seminal LDV significantly increased in comparison with sham nevertheless the weights of testes and VP did not change significantly the SS lh concentration increased significantly by PX the levels of serotonin and hydroxiindolacetic acid significantly decreased in the hypothalamus and midbrain after PX | MEDAL |
despite advances in the treatment of anxiety disorders there is a need for medications with greater efficacy and fewer side effects advances in techniques to facilitate high throughput mass analysis of proteins potentially allows for new drug targets with a shift in focus from membrane receptor proteins and enzymes of neurotransmitter metabolism to molecules in intracellular ST and other pathways a computerized literature search was done to collect studies on recently developed proteomic techniques and their application in psychiatric research particular techniques such as twodimensional PACE twodimensional differential gel electrophoresis isotopecoded affinity tags and isotope tags for relative and absolute quantification are reviewed in addition a combination of these techniques with malditoftof and esiqtof mass spectrometry analysis is discussed in relation to possible novel signaling pathways relevant to anxiety disorders and to the development of biomarkers for the DUE of these conditions | MEDAL |
following recommendations from literature diagnostic tests for the most frequent complaints of indoor air health problems were selected and assessed for their applicability in epidemiological studies the tests were applied seven times during one year to volunteers who to all appearances were not affected by indoor air health problems most psychophysical tests eg CPT turned out to be suitable but physiological tests were either heavily disturbed by technical problems eg portable electrogastrography or biased by application techniques eg acoustic rhinometry or were simply too timeconsuming eg pcbased voice analysis hence as standardized measurements and quantitative diagnostic tests in epidemiological indoor air health research may contribute to a better understanding of causeeffect relationships and yield new approaches for preventive and therapeutic strategies more research is urgently needed to develop and evaluate suitable physiological tests and functional measurements | MEDAL |
immunoenzymatic assays were developed for the measurement of antibodies against mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan lam a CF proteic extract cfx of ML and the kd protein antigen of m tuberculosis sera from leprosy patients belonging to all clinicalimmunological forms of the spectrum and patients with localized or disseminated tuberculosis tb were tested for antibodies of the four igg subclasses standard calibration curves were used to allow comparisons between results of different isotypes and specificities mean concentrations of total igg antibodies were higher in the overall leprosy population than in tb patients in leprosy levels of anticfx increased from TT toward lepromatous forms with a clear switch from igg to igg subclass predominance a similar igg to igg conversion was observed in antilam antibodies although total levels of antilam were similar in patients with TT and lepromatous forms in tb antibodies against polysaccharide and protein antigens were both predominantly of igg subclass whatever the patients clinical status although lower in disseminated forms probably due to concomitant hiv infection a hypergammaglobulinaemia was also found in most leprosy and tb patients in tb this was due to increased igg and igg especially in hiv coinfected patients based on the current knowledge of the influence of t cellsecreted cytokines on human immunoglobulin isotype expression these results do not fit with a putative role of th such as found in tb and TT tt and th such as found in leprosy lepromatous ll leprosy environment in the isotypy of antibody responses in mycobacterial infections nor do variations of isotypy according to pathological conditions seem to be related to the PSA nature of antigens since antibodies to lam and protein antigens had comparable evolutions of their subclass distribution other AF are to be investigated in order to understand better the significance and possible roles of antibodies in mycobacterial diseases | MEDAL |
eighteen consecutive cases of bilateral superior oblique palsy have been studied retrospectively the patients were typically adults with a history of severe head trauma all patients complained of diplopia either vertical torsional or both other neurological sequelae were common CE disruption of F0 was seen in three patients eight patients underwent surgery for torsional or vertical diplopia and the results are briefly discussed | MEDAL |
because under certain conditions seizure activity electrically elicited from layers iii and iv of the inferior collicular cortex can spread into forebrain regions potential IC interactions with the amygdala were studied following acute electrical initiation of seizure activity from the IC no changes in amygdala eeg activity were noted following repetitive stimulation of the IC however postictal spiking activity was noted in the amygdala similar to interictal spiking reported for amygdala kindling but this abnormal eeg activity did not coincide with any observable behavioral NC conversely the course of amygdala kindling in animals previously stimulated in the IC PD quite differently in comparison to control animals those animals repetitively stimulated in the VPI colliculus required a significantly greater number of amygdala kindling stimulations to reach class seizure activity than did animals that received no IC stimulation and unlike the controls the chronic IC stimulation group usually regressed to class or seizure activity after the first class seizure furthermore the chronic inferior collicular stimulation group all exhibited wetdog shakes during the amygdaloid kindling stimulation whereas at no time did controls exhibit wetdog shake behaviors finally the seizure generalization from the IC appears to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from the acute seizure activity because a dose of diazepam mgkg or carbamazepine mgkg which had no effect on the wild running seizure blocked behaviors indicative of seizure generalization the significance of these results to epilepsy is discussed | MEDAL |
the role of the thymus in LT immune reconstitution has not been addressed in hiv patients who were severely nude prior to successful treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy art AD hiv patients n with nadir cd t cell counts t cellsmicrol at least months on art and months of CR viral suppression hiv rna copiesml were selected from a patient DB the cohort was divided according to current cd t cell counts and patients from the lowest n and highest n tertiles were studied thymic volume was assessed by spiral computed tomography naive cdracdl and replicating ki TA were quantitated by flow cytometry Ti excision circles trec were assessed by realtime pcr and serum il and testosterone by immunoassay patients with low cd t cell counts had smaller thymuses vs cm p and were more likely to have no detectable thymus they had similar proportions of replicating cells but fewer naive cd and cd TA and less trec in cd and cd t cellsml of blood than patients with high cd t cell counts however some patients with no detectable thymus had high numbers of naive and trecbearing t cells thus the recovery of cd t cells in severely immunodeficient hiv patients with a virological response to art is probably limited by thymic function however the data are consistent with extrathymic t cell production contributing to the naive t cell pool in some patients | MEDAL |
physiotherapy has long been considered a cornerstone of condition management for people with cystic fibrosis cf the presentation of cf has changed over time with an increased life expectancy and increased expectations of people with cf to have a complete lifestyle in turn the scope of strategies used in physiotherapy for cf have also changed dramatically over the years moving away from routine postural drainage and manual techniques toward an individualized regimen including the choice of many different forms of airway clearance such as both independent and assisted exercise treatments to promote continence and good posture inhalation therapy oxygen and noninvasive ventilation this article describes the techniques and overall strategies used by physiotherapists in helping people with cf to manage the symptoms and progression of their condition | MEDAL |
to determine the rate at which fire and police first responders frs apply automated external defibrillators aeds and to ascertain reasons for not applying them | MEDAL |
there is little in the literature dealing with consultation from the point of view of patient care since one of the L1 elements in the definition of FP deals with the synthesizing role and the responsiblity of the family physician to help guide patients through the complex healthcare system it is entirely appropriate to take a critical look at the consultation process this will allow more appropriate teaching of the FP resident so that he may use consultation and referral in a more productive manner in the future this paper defines and discusses six common problems in the consultation process classification of pitfalls in the consutative process can serve as a starting point from which a more critical and systematic study of the consultation can be made to the end of making the consultant and the referring physician both more skilled and more comfortable with their coordinated tasks | MEDAL |
current combination ARV therapies arv are widely used to treat hiv however DR strains of hiv have quickly evolved and the level of risky behaviour has increased in certain communities hence currently the overall impact that arv will have on hiv epidemics remains unclear we have used a mathematical MM to predict whether the current therapies are reducing the severity of hiv epidemics and could even lead to eradication of a highprevalence epidemic we quantified the epidemiclevel impact of arv on reducing epidemic severity by deriving the basic reproduction number rarv rarv specifies the average number of new infections that one hiv case generates during his lifetime when arv is available and arvresistant strains can evolve and be transmitted if rarv is less than one epidemic eradication is possible we estimated for the hiv epidemic in the san francisco gay community using uncertainty analysis the present day value of rarv and the probability of epidemic eradication we assumed a high usage of arv and three behavioural assumptions that risky sex would decrease remain SD or increase our estimated values of rarv median and interquartile range iqr were if risky sex decreases if risky sex remains SD and if risky sex increases rarv decreased as the fraction of cases receiving treatment increased the probability of epidemic eradication is high p if risky sex decreases moderate p if C2 of risky sex remain SD and low p if risky sex increases we conclude that arv can function as an effective hivprevention tool even with high C2 of drug resistance and risky sex furthermore even a highprevalence hiv epidemic could be eradicated using current arv | MEDAL |
the most relevant data presented at the th congress of the european EC for treatment and research in multiple sclerosis ectrims held in october in denmark were summarised at the sixth edition of the postectrims expert meeting held in madrid in october resulting in this review which is being published in three parts this second part of the postectrims review focuses on diagnostic imaging and differential diagnosis the clinical and paraclinical monitoring of neurodegeneration progression and disability and functional imaging and neural connectivity it is clear that conventional multiple sclerosis sequences remain essential for the diagnosis differential diagnosis and disease monitoring that new mri techniques help to assess the neurodegenerative process and that some of the new sequences are more specific to neuroaxonal injury very high field magnetic resonance imaging allows better understanding of the lesion load CSD and heterogeneity of the lesions and positron emission tomography studies offer new insight into the pathophysiology of the disease functional imaging and neural connectivity studies show that there is cortical reorganisation in multiple sclerosis whose equilibrium with structural damage is responsible for the impairment | MEDAL |
inflammatory disease of the paion of its receptors in response to a hypertensive challenge are not well defined specially when considering that y and y often mediate opposite responses in this study we have employed in situ hybridization to analyze changes in mrna expression of npy receptor subtypes y and y in the NTS nts PVH nucleus of the hypothalamus pvn and petrosal and nodose ganglions h and days T3 aortic coarctation induced hypertension quantification by image analysis showed significant differences between shamoperated and aorticcoarcted hypertensive rats y receptor mrna expression was increased in petrosal ganglion days T3 surgery y receptor mrna expression was increased in the nts of hypertensive compared with sham rats h T3 surgery y receptor mrna was decreased in the nodose ganglion of hypertensive compared with sham rats h after surgery no change was seen in y and y mrna expression in the pvn in any analyzed period the data suggest that npy y and y receptors might participate in the mechanisms involved in the establishmentmaintenance of hypertension induced by aortic coarctation acute changes seem to be involved with the adaptation to the new hypertensive state | MEDAL |
although cases of radiationinduced skin injury after fluoroscopicallyguided procedures have been reported since diagnosis and treatment of such injury remain difficult we present the case of a patient who complained of two ulcers one on his RA arm and one on his back and limited motion of the RA elbow joint after repeated cardiac RF catheter ablations T3 resection of the skin ulcer on the patients arm and of degenerated tissue in the distal part of the TB muscle a coglucose dg ARG differences in dg uptake in the auditory thalamus were consistent with the cannula placements and behavioral results differences in dg uptake were found between CG in the ipsilateral auditory cortex BA pontine nuclei and IC results from this experiment indicate that the matn contralateral to the TR eye and its projection to the PN are necessary for acquisition and PR of EB crs to an auditory cs | MEDAL |
the response signal method of reed was used to study the timecourse of list membership recognition T3 sec of uncontrolled rehearsal with lists of one two and four consonants fourteen specific hypotheses about the time course of this process were derived from various theories anderson anderson bower baddeley ecob corballis kirby miller kirsner murdock sternberg theios smith haviland traupmann moy etc and additional assumptions about the effect of the response signal when members of the tobelearned lists are drawn from a small population of highly confusable items as in the current experiment list membership recognition appears to follow the model of theios et al latency functions of signal lag appear to be particularly useful in differentiating among hypotheses which predict similar speedaccuracy tradeoff functions the lag by positivenegative interaction for latencies of correct responses is highly significant for lists of one consonant a result predicted by the hypothesis derived from the model of theios et al and incompatible with hypotheses derived from exhaustive search and singlethreshold strength models | MEDAL |
in the hemopoietic compartment il gmcsf and IL-2R are major transducers of survival signals however the receptorproximal events that determine this vital function have not been defined we have found that il stimulation induces phosphorylation of ser of betac this promotes the association of phosphoser of betac with and the p S1 of pi k mutation of ser specifically impairs the pi k signaling pathway and reduces cell survival in response to il these results define a distinct il receptormediated survival pathway regulated by sitespecific receptor serine phosphorylation and IB and suggest that this novel mode of signaling may be utilized by disparate transmembrane receptors that have as a common theme the transduction of survival signals | MEDAL |
acute interstitial nephritis AA to proton pump inhibitors ppis frequently goes undiagnosed due to its subacute clinical presentation which may later present as chronic kidney disease ckd we investigated the association of ppi use with the OD of ckd and death | MEDAL |
a new RPA is proposed for analysis of nmr parameters in general and residual dipolar couplings in particular the method which enables construction of the conformational distribution CF is applied to a disaccharide dissolved in a dilute liquid crystal our approach rests on two models that have been frequently used for interpretations of dipolar couplings in liquid crystals i the additive potential MM ap and ii the maximum entropy method me these models suffer however from serious limitations the ap MM requires an a priori knowledge of the PET form of the torsional potential while the me approach gives the flattest possible CSD which results in an incorrect description of systems with low orientational order the procedure presented herein apme is valid in the loworder limit t by eukaryotic and prokaryotic class rfs | MEDAL |
androgen resistance is associated with a wide range of quantitative and qualitative defects in the androgen receptor however FB cultures from approximately of patients with the clinical endocrine and genetic features characteristic of androgen resistance express normal quantities of apparently normal androgen receptor in cultured genital skin fibroblasts receptorpositive androgen resistance we have analyzed the androgen receptor gene of one patient p with receptorpositive complete testicular feminization and detected a single nucleotide substitution at nucleotide gc within the second zinc finger of the dnabinding domain that results in the conversion of the Arg residue at position into a proline residue introduction of this mutation into the androgen receptor cdna and transfection of the expression plasmid into eukaryotic cells lead to the synthesis of a receptor protein that displays normal IB kinetics but is inactive in PET assays of receptor activity we conclude that substitution mutations in the dnabinding domain of the androgen receptor are one cause of receptorpositive androgen resistance | MEDAL |
SE to AS early in life may negatively impact nervous system functioning including increasing the proneness to learning and SM impairments later in life maternal deprivation a model of earlylife stress hinders memory in adult rats and lessens brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf C2 in the hippocampus in a very heterogeneous way among individuals the main goal of the present T0 was to investigate the possible epigenetic modulation underlying recognition memory impairment and reduced bdnf C2 in the hippocampus of adult maternally deprived rats we also evaluated the potential ameliorating properties of the histone deacetylase hdac inhibitor sodium butyrate on SM deficits and bdnf changes related to MD maternally deprived animals were categorized as VPI learners and superior learners according to their performance in object recognition memory task in comparison to controls results indicated that hdac activity was higher in individuals submitted to maternal deprivation with the worst cognitive performance inferior learners acute administration of sodium butyrate increased histone h acetylation and bdnf C2 and restored recognition memory in maternally deprived animals with the worst cognitive performance moreover we also showed that there is a positive correlation between bdnf C2 and SM performance taken together the results indicated that hdac inhibitors could be considered as a possible therapeutic agent to improve cognitive performance in VPI learners further studies need to be conducted for a better comprehension of the mechanisms related to persistent alterations observed in adult life induced by early stressful circumstances and those leading to resilience | MEDAL |
t cell subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies okt okt and okt were assessed on patients with myelodysplasia mds the percentage and numbers of okt and oktpositive lymphocytes were significantly lower p less than than in NCs whereas those of okt were not in the group of patients with RA with excess of blasts raeb and in those with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia the percentage and absolute numbers of okt lymphocytes were significantly lower p less than than in patients with refractory anemia or with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia while those of okt and okt did not differ significantly quantitative impairment of t cell subpopulations may be part of the MDS situation as a result of the dyslymphopoiesis according to the hypothesis that mds originate from pluripotent stem cells the decrease of okt in raeb and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia could be related to the previously shown insufficient erythropoietic activity in these patients | MEDAL |
the case of w v m and others in which the court rejected an application to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from a woman in a MCS raises a number of profoundly important medicolegal issues this article questions whether the requirement to respect the autonomy of incompetent patients under the mental capacity act is being unjustifiably disregarded in order to prioritise the sanctity of life when patients have made informal statements of wishes and views which clearlyif not preciselyapply to their present situation judges should not feel free to usurp such expressions of autonomy unless there are compelling reasons for so doing | MEDAL |
preclinical data suggested alltrans retinoic acid tretinoin as a potential antiviral agent against chronic hepatitis c infection | MEDAL |
bone aluminum quantitative bone histology and plasma parathyroid hormone pth were compared in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis histologic techniques included double tetracycline labeling and histochemical ID of osteoclasts and OBs bone aluminum was measured chemically by flameless AA spectrophotometry and histochemically when measured chemically the bone aluminum was sd mgkg dry weight normal mgkg histochemically aluminum was present at of trabecular surface the biochemical and histochemical results agreed well r p less than no double tetracycline labels were seen at the mineralization front where aluminum was deposited indicating cessation of mineralization at these CS the osteoblast surface correlated positively with plasma pth r p less than and negatively with bone aluminum level r p less than multiple LR showed a rho of aluminum with osteoblasts additional to that of pth consistent with a direct effect of aluminum in depressing osteoblast numbers though a relationship between pth and chemically determined bone aluminum level could not be demonstrated there was a negative correlation between OCL count and aluminum and the nine patients with severe hyperparathyroid bone disease had lower chemically determined aluminum levels than the other patients these results suggest that aluminum a directly inhibits mineralization b is associated with decreased pth activity and hence osteoblast numbers and c directly reduces osteoblast numbers in addition to inducing severe resistant OM aluminum appears to contribute to the mild OM commonly seen in renal failure characterized by extensive thin osteoid and low tetracycline and osteoblast surfaces | MEDAL |
TRP ion channel melastatin AT1 trpm is activated by cold temperature and cooling agents such as menthol and icilin EDC containing peppermint are reported to reduce symptoms of environmental CS such as cold allodynia in dorsal root ganglion drg neuron however the underlying mechanisms of action are unclear we tested the effects of physiological heat °c anthralic acid aca and mm aminoethyl diphenylborinate apb and on noxious cold °c and menthol mminduced trpm cation channel currents in the drg neurons of rats drg neurons were freshly isolated from rats in wholecell patch clamp experiments trpm currents were consistently induced by noxious cold or menthol trpm channels current densities of the neurons were higher in cold and menthol CG than in control when the physiological heat is introduced by chamber trpm channel currents were inhibited by the heat noxious coldinduced ca gates were blocked by the aca although mentholinduced trpm currents were not blocked by aca and apb in conclusion the results suggested that activation of trpm either by menthol or nociceptive cold can activate trpm channels although we observed the protective role of heat aca and apb through a trpm channel in nociceptive coldactivated drg neurons since cold allodynia is a common feature of NP and diseases of sensory neuron our findings are relevant to the etiology of neuropathology in drg neurons | MEDAL |
two new and and one known phenazine derivative lavanducyanin were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of a marinederived streptomyces sp strain cns in rat CC studies compounds and inhibited tnfαinduced nfκb activity icâ â values of and μm respectively and lpsinduced nitric oxide production icâ â values of and μm respectively pgeâ production was blocked with greater efficacy icâ â values of and μm respectively possibly due to inhibition of cyclooxygenases in addition to the expression of cox treatment of cultured hl cells led to dosedependent accumulation in the subg compartment of the Tc as a result of apoptosis these data provide greater insight on the biological potential of phenazine derivatives and some guidance on how various substituents may alter potential antiinflammatory and anticancer effects | MEDAL |
employing a purified lgg fraction of a polyclonal antiat receptor antibody raised against a synthetic octapeptide encompassing residues of the first extracellular domain of the at polypeptide selective at receptor expression was IHC demonstrable within renal structures in spraguedawley sd rats and the desert rodent meriones crassus in both animal models prominent at receptor labelling was evident in renal vascular elements particularly cortical interlobular arteries ia as well as vasa recta bundles in the inner stripe of the outer medulla less intense labelling was observed among peritubular capillary endothelia within the deep cortex and at both the outer stripe and the interbundle regions of the inner stripe of the outer medulla the IB of the antipeptide antibody was however lacking among glomeruli and except for the intense labelling confined to basement CM of bowmans capsule of deep nephrons was virtually absent in all renal tubular structures of both animal models structural assessment of the expressed at receptors by 2DE western blotting revealed that a spectrum of structurally distinct at receptor isoforms is expressed in the renal tissues of both animal models this spectrum was constituted by isoforms of equal size kda but distinct pls in sd rats and of both different sizes kda and isoelectric points in m crassus in either species the charge andor size heterogeneity of at receptor isoforms may be attributed in part to differential posttranslational glycosylation mechanisms of the at receptor polypeptide backbone the potential for the differential glycosylation state of at receptors to alter recognition properties may add another level of complexity to tissuespecific andor speciesspecific mechanisms underlying angiotensin ii interactions in the kidney | MEDAL |
the prevalence of PPD is approximately PPD is associated with a higher maternal morbidity and mortality and also with pervasive effects on the emotional cognitive and behavioral development of the child the aim of our study was to identify sociodemographic psychosocial and obstetrical risk factors of postpartum depression in a middle class community sample using a prospective design we enrolled consecutively Pr outpatients in a single maternity unit the first assessment was conducted between and weeks gestation and a second time between and weeks T3 delivery depressive symptoms were measured using the french version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds a cutoff score of or above was considered as indicative of L1 depression of the initial sample of women were followedup between and weeks after delivery and considered for analysis depression during pregnancy migrant status and PCS abuse by the partner were independently associated with PP depression when considered together whereas physical complications were significantly associated with PP depression only when adjusting for antenatal depression depression during pregnancy PH of physical abuse migrant status and postpartum PCS complications are four L1 risk factors for postpartum depression | MEDAL |
the occurrence of opportunistic infections is not rare during the treatment of connective tissue diseases including dermatomyositis because of the patients immunosuppression we describe here cytomegalovirus cmv infection that affected two of our patients with dermatomyositis cmv infection has not been considered to be a frequent event in dermatomyositis and its significance for disease progression has not been sufficiently recognized our case reports demonstrate the importance of close monitoring of such patients and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy to manage a suspected cmv infection | MEDAL |
biogas is an environmentfriendly fuel but that must be upgraded before being utilized the method about removing co from biogas by microalgal culturing using biogas effluent as nutrient medium in this study could effectively upgrade biogas and simultaneously reduce the biogas effluent nutrient results showed that the optimum parameters for microalgal growth and biogas effluent nutrient reduction was moderate CS intensity with middle photoperiod while low CS intensity with long photoperiod and moderate light intensity with middle photoperiod obtained the best biogas co removal and biogas upgrade effects therefore the optimal parameters were moderate light intensity μmol ms with middle LD h lighth dark under this condition the microalgal dry weight ch concentration reduction efficiency of COD total nitrogen and TP was ± mg l ± vv ± ± and ± respectively | MEDAL |
the activity of hsp proteins is regulated by accessory proteins which include members of the dnajlike protein family characterized by the presence of a highly conserved amino acid j domain dnaj homologues activate the atpase activity of hsp proteins and stabilize their interaction with unfolded substrates dnaj homologues have been identified in most organelles where they are involved in nearly all aspects of protein synthesis and folding within the endoplasmic reticulum er dnaj homologues have also been shown to assist in the translocation secretion retrotranslocation and erassociated degradation erad of secretpg hepatoma cells pulldown experiments indicated that the nterminal part of ncoasrca associates with the activation domain of stat overexpression of ncoasrca or its srce isoform enhanced transcriptional activation by stat proteins in transient transfection experiments this ability of ncoasrca to enhance stat activity is dependent upon the presence of the cbpinteracting domain activation domain using chromatin IP assays we found that stat ncoasrca and cbpp are simultaneously recruited to the pwaf promoter following interleukin stimulation taken together these data suggest that cbpp and ncoasrca may function in a common pathway to regulate stat transcriptional activity | MEDAL |
lowdensity lipoprotein receptorrelated protein lrp is a BPM scavenger and signaling receptor composed of a C1 ligandbinding subunit kda αchain linked to a shorter transmembrane subunit kda βchain lrp cellsurface level and function are controlled by proteolytic shedding of its ectodomain here we identified ectodomain sheddases in human ht cells and demonstrated regulation of the cleavage by cholesterol by comparing the classical fibroblastoid type with a spontaneous epithelioid variant EC â¼ fold in cholesterol two membraneassociated MPs were involved in lrp shedding a disintegrin and metalloproteinase adam and membranetype matrix metalloproteinase mtmmp although both variants expressed similar C2 of lrp adam mtmmp and TPS tissue inhibitor of MPs timp lrp shedding from epithelioid cells was â¼fold lower than from fibroblastoid cells PR of the ectodomain was triggered by cholesterol depletion in epithelioid cells and impaired by cholesterol overload in fibroblastoid cells modulation of lrp shedding on clearance was reflected by accumulation of gelatinases mmp and mmp in the medium we conclude that cholesterol exerts an important control on lrp levels and CF at the plasma membrane by modulating shedding of its ectodomain and therefore represents a novel regulator of extracellular proteolytic MICs | MEDAL |
the determination of the minimal GABA concentrations mics at different bacterial inocula represents an important factor in determining the potential effectiveness of new antibiotics mics at different inocula and cfuml and minimal bactericidal concentrations mbc of cefmetazole and seven other new cephalosporins ceftazidime CZX CMD ceftriaxone cefotaxime cefuroxime cefoxitin were determined by a miniaturized dilution BB method against a wide range of grampositive gramnegative and nonfermentative bacteria the results of the present investigation confirm that all the betalactams under examination including CMZ exert a good or satisfactory antibacterial activity against grampositive and GNB and that only ceftazidime possesses antipseudomonas activity mbcs and mics at heavy inoculum are two times higher than mics at CS inoculum these results could explain the spread by different mechanisms of bacteria resistant to betalactam antibiotics | MEDAL |
limited data exist regarding transfusion practices at end of life eol for hematopoietic stem cell transplant hsct patients the purpose of this study was to examine red blood cell rbc and PLT transfusion practices in hsct patients who enrolled or did not enroll in hospice | MEDAL |
neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was localized to sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the intermediolateral cell column and cyclic gmp immunoreactivity to nerve fibers projecting into the IML of dayold rats wholecell patchclamp recordings were made from sympathetic preganglionic neurons in spinal cord slices of immature rats and the role of nitric oxide and cyclic gmp on exrecursor or saline vehicle control prior to a h exposure to either ppm ST on air ST caused HCC degeneration or necrosis in all CG these changes were more extensive and severe in mice pretreated with pb styrene significantly increased relative liver weights and serum alt and sdh C2 only in mice pretreated with pb nac did not prevent gsh depletion or hepatotoxicity in the fat of skf apretreated mice a slight but statistically significant increase in styrene levels was observed suggesting that metabolism was decreased the sostyrene ratio in the fat of pbpretreated mice showed a slight but statistically significant increase indicating a slight increase in styrene metabolism neither skf a nor pb caused changes in microsomal CEA in vitro these results suggest that ST may be G1 by a pathway not totally dependent upon p CEA or more likely that pb and skf a are not specific for the p enzymes involved in activation and detoxification of ST | MEDAL |
it is controversial whether opsoclonus is a cerebellar or BS disorder two patients whose opsoclonus largely disappeared on eye closure underwent fmri a comparison of these two states revealed neither vermal nor brainstem activation but rather a BL activation in the deep cerebellar nuclei in excess of what the authors found in healthy subjects the results support a crucial role of the fastigial nucleus in opsoclonus | MEDAL |
to characterize the structures of nglycans derived from human SS we report a strategy that combines MCE standard addition enzymatic digestion and matrixassisted laser desorptionionizationmass spectrometry maldims we compared i electrophoretic mobilities of known nglycans from wellcharacterized standard glycoproteins through standard addition ii the electrophoretic mobilities of nglycans with their molecular weights determined by maldims and iii electrophoretic profiles of nglycans enzymatically treated with fucosidase the key step to identify the sialylated nglycans was to quantitatively neutralize the negative charge on both α and αlinked sialic acids by covalent derivatization with methylamine both neutralized and nonsialylated nglycans from these samples were then reacted with aminopyrenetrisulfonic acid apts to provide a fluorescenrlystage in vivo events that may be predictive of LC or mesothelioma and systematic analysis of DR relationships across materials including DUE of the influence of physicochemical properties and experimental AF on the observation of nonmalignant and malignant endpoints | MEDAL |
mitochondrial dysfunction has been potentially implicated in both human and exp hypertension we performed the mutational analysis of trnalys gene by pcr amplification and subsequent sequence analysis of the pcr fragments from chinese essential HT we also made a comparative analysis of the collected data of the essential hypertension subjects who carried trnalys mutation and those who did not carry the mutation using the methods of casecontrol study we totally found mutation sites in subjects the ON ages of the individuals carrying the mutation were earlier than those who did not bear them the level of BUN in hypertension subjects who carried trnalys mutation was higher than the hypertension subjects who did not carried trnalys mutation while the serum potassium was significantly lower the level of platelet count in hypertension subjects who carried trnalys mutation was lower the level of VVI septal thickness in hypertension subjects who carried trnalys mutation was higher and the level of left ventricular end diastolic diameter in hypertension subjects was significantly lower mitochondrial trnalys mutations might result in the change of their structure and CF and then damaged the blood metabolism the balance of the blood electrolyte the steadystate of the blood cells and the HR structure and function which were involved in the progress of the essential hypertension part of the essential hypertension patients clinically presented the characters of maternal inheritance which might be associated with the trnalys mutation | MEDAL |
although biologic indices of bone turnover are widely accepted as research tools in populationbased studies their clinical utility in the management of the individual patient remains controversial their main limitation for a routine clinical use is related to an important biologic variability which means that large variations ie in response to therapy are needed to consider a difference between two measurements as reflecting a significant biologic NC to date the most valuable bone markers are SS osteocalcin bonespecific alkaline phosphatase and the NT propeptide of type PC for bone formation and urinary measurements of the phenazopyridine crosslinks and related telopeptides for bone resorption new SS assays for both ICTP and ntelopeptide of type collagen seem promising but need extensive validation although bone markers provide little information in the diagnosis of OP strong evidence now shows that they can predict albeit imperfectly the rate of bone loss in menopausal women and the response to some antiresorptive therapies in some populations increased bone turnover has been shown to be a strong predictor of fracture risk independently and to the same extent as low BD whether bone markers are used to monitor the efficacy of or compliance with a TPS treatment or to identify patients at risk for osteoporosis and thus to target preventive therapy costbenefit analysis and DUE of the potential improvement in patient outcome are clearly needed before these parameters may be universally accepted as tools to optimize patient care | MEDAL |
the effects of virulent and avirulent isolates of hemorrhagic enteritis virus were studied in leghorn and broiler chickens the viruses caused subclinical infections in both strains of birds the avirulent isolate produced enlarged spleens inclusion bodies and antibody in all inoculated leghorns in broilers the avirulent virus produced infection in only half of the inoculated birds inclusion bodies were widely dispersed in the spleens of both types of birds the virulent virus produced infection in all inoculated birds of both strains inclusion HB were numerous in the spleens of leghorn birds and were widely scattered in the spleens of broilers | MEDAL |
a yearold man presented at our hospital with suspected RA LC with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy although swollen CL nodes had first been noted years previously only minimal enlargement had occurred over the intervening period videoassisted thoracoscopic biopsy of the pulmonary lesion and the mediastinal and hilar lymph NO was performed final histopathological diagnosis was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung staged as tnomo and a coexistent localized hyalinevascular type of castleman disease RA upper lobectomy was performed and postoperative histological findings suggested that this was likely to be curative this is a rare case of coexistence of LC and castleman disease illustrating the difficulties in distinguishing lymph node metastasis from other pulmonary diseases | MEDAL |
this article is a response to david armstrongs recent revisionist account of the epidemiological transition which he claims replaced earlier discourses of ageing with new discourses of chronic disease we argue i that he misrepresents a key PE in omrans account of the epidemiological transition namely the decline in infant child and maternal mortality ii that he fails to acknowledge debates going back centuries in western medicine over the distinctions between NK and accidental death and between endogenous and extrinsic causes of ageing and iii that he misrepresents the growth of medical interest in the everyday illnesses of old age over the course of the th century as a discourse of suppression rather than a process of inclusion while we would acknowledge that the chronic illnesses of today are different from those of the past this amounts to something more than the changing semantics of senility | MEDAL |
diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural alterations such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy CN and focal fibrosis hyperglycemiainduced oxidative damage may play an important role in this pathogenetic process recent studies have shown that poly adpribose polymerase parp is activncluding those of biodefense interest to ultraviolet uv radiation in this T0 we present an overview and analysis of the relevant nm data previously reported and available in the literature the amount of R2 in this data prevented us from determining an average response for any bacterium therefore we developed particular selection criteria to include the data in our analysis and suggested future guidelines for reporting uv sensitivity results we then compiled a table of the sensitivity to nm uv for bacteria and three bacterial spores the uv sensitivity was quite similar within among the spores of bacillus anthracis strains vollum b and sterne bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium these data indicate that spores of b subtilis and b megaterium could be adequate simulants of b anthracis spores in uvc experiments spores of b anthracis b subtilis and b megaterium were times more resistant to uv than were their corresponding vegetative cells the vegetative cells of b anthracis showed similar uv sensitivity to those of burkholderia pseudomallei shigella sonnei and a wildtype strain of escherichia coli yersinia enterocolitica and vibrio cholerae appeared more sensitive to uv and salmonella typhi slightly more resistant to uv than e coli the sensitivity at nm of all vegetative bacteria ranged from to jm for a log kill and from jm for log kill | MEDAL |
a L1 source of endocrinedisrupting substances usually not considered in laboratory animal experiments is the diet used in research investigations soy represents the main protein source in almost all naturalingredient commercially available formulated diets soyderived isoflavones are the most abundant and in many ways the most studied PE and phytoestrogens isoflavones are known EDs research is reviewed that identifies the physiological and behavioral endocrinedisrupting effects of dietary PE isoflavones in animal diets including most of the isoflavones which are in a glycoside form and biologically inactive and those in the gastrointestinal tract which are biologically active the isoflavones genistein and daidzein have similar molecular weights and structural characteristics to that of beta estradiol which may enable them to exert estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties are described and characterized daidzein can be further metabolized to the potent and abundant molecule equol which in rodents is produced in very C1 amounts and represents the major circulating metabolite among all biologically active isoflavones equol has the unique and important ability to specifically bind alphadihydrotestosterone and to act in turn to inhibit the action of this potent androgen the specific influence of dietary soy phytoestrogens on consumptive learning and SM and anxietyrelated behaviors is identified RII behaviors such as food and water NI adipose deposition and OB and insulin C2 affected by dietary isoflavones are also discussed | MEDAL |
abstract the ideal toxicity biomarker is composed of the properties of prediction is detected prior to traditional pathological signs of injury accuracy high sensitivity and specificity and mechanistic relationships to the endpoint measured biological relevance gene expressionbased toxicity biomarkers signatures have shown good predictive SP and accuracy but are difficult to interpret biologically we have compared different statistical methods of feature selection with knowledgebased approaches using genegos DB of canonical pathway maps to generate gene sets for the classification of renal tubule toxicity the gene set selection algorithms include four univariate analyses tstatistics foldchange bstatistics and rankprod and their combination and overlap for the identification of differentially expressed probes enrichment analysis following the results of the four univariate analyses hotelling tsquare test and finally outofbag selection a variant of CV were used to identify canonical pathway mapssets of genes coordinately involved in key biological processeswith classification power differentially expressed genes identified by the different statistical univariate analyses all generated reasonably performing classifiers of tubule toxicity maps identified by enrichment analysis or hotelling tsquare had lower classification SP but highlighted perturbed lipid homeostasis as a common discriminator of nephrotoxic treatments the outofbag method yielded the best functionally integrated classifier the map ephrins signaling performed comparably to a classifier derived using sparse linear programming a machine learning algorithm and represents a signaling network specifically involved in renal tubule OD and integrity such functional descriptors of toxicity promise to better integrate predictive toxicogenomics with mechanistic analysis facilitating the interpretation and risk assessment of predictive genomic investigations | MEDAL |
although there were essential achievements in understanding the pathogenesis of RA arthritis ra the mentioned pathologies still remain one of the most complicated problems in practical medicine rheumatologists arrived during the last decade at a conclusion on a need in an early aggressive therapy because the destructive changes develop in joints yet during the first months starting from the onset of initial ra clinical signs the RPA towards treatment by nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs changed with respect to the risk AF related with the ON of potential complications and to choosing the safest drugs which became possible owing to the OD of drugs whose action is aimed at suppression of cyclooxygenase cog the group of diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs dmard was added two new cytotoxic drugs ie cyclosporin a and leflunomid a concept of combined therapy by or dmard was elaborated to ensure an effect in case of tolerance to monotherapy the feasibility and safety of therapy by glucocorticosteroids both with small daily doses and with pulse therapy in extra aggressive ra variations were proven the use of biological agents ie of monoclonal antibodies to tnf alpha and il or of their receptors antagonists is an absolutely new trend in ra treatment treatment safety is in the focus of attention monitoring methods were designed to ensure such safety | MEDAL |
the syncytium is a unique plant root organ whose differentiation is induced by plantparasitic cyst nematodes to create a source of nourishment syncytium formation involves the re between body mass index CC arm circumference habitual energy intake and the mini nutritional assessment mna and then assess the accuracy of these parameters in relation to the mna | MEDAL |
sets of serum and milk samples were collected from various countries and prepared lyophilised and distributed by laboratory to reference laboratories in europe the SS sets contained the three european bovine HHV-8 bhv REF SS samples eu eu and eu SS samples from naturally and experimentally bhvinfected cattle from vaccinated and vaccinatedchallenged cattle from uninfected cattle and a series of SS dilutions in addition sets of milk samples were distributed the samples were tested for antibodies against bhv in virus neutralisation tests in gbspecific elisas in indirect elisas and in gespecific elisas it was found that the virus neutralisation test and the gbspecific elisas were most CS for the detection of antibodies in serum whereas for assaying milk samples the indirect elisas were the tests of choice the results show that the SQ of most laboratories appeared to be adequate but that one laboratory performed considerably below an acceptable level of SQ four samples from the panel have been proposed that might be selected as reference sera in addition to the three european reference samples | MEDAL |
three distinct peptidyldipeptidases exopeptidases releasing carboxyl terminal dipeptide residues can be solubilized from nerve terminal membrane fractions from whole rat BB or striatum and separated by ion exchange chromatography BB angiotensinconverting enzyme pdp cleaves hiphisleu but not nm htyr leuenkephalin and is markedly inhibited by several TPS inhibitors such as captopril teprotide and mk enkephalinase pdp cleaves nm htyr leuenkephalin but not hiphisleu it is not inhibited by any of the standard competitive inhibitors of angiotensinconverting enzyme all analogs of carboxylterminal peptide sequences phealapro or alapro but is strongly inhibited by captopril analogs such as thiorphan phegly analog a third peptidyldipeptidase pdp cleaves hiphisleu but not nm htyr leuxyindole method the levels of AS renin were significantly lower and inactive renin was increased slightly in group when compared with controls group showed a significant reduction in PNE C2 group showed slightly reduced AR normal inactive renin and normal norepinephrine values there was no significant difference in the C2 of epinephrine between the groups after insulin injection active renin levels were increased in CG and the mean increment in AR levels was less in group than in group inactive renin levels were slightly decreased in both groups significant increases in EN and NE were observed following insulin administration the mean increment in norepinephrine C2 was less in group than in group there was a positive correlation between the mean increment in active renin and in norepinephrine C2 in diabetic patients these results suggest that the impaired conversion of IR into an active form is responsible in part for the low C2 of AS renin in diabetics with neuropathy | MEDAL |
cytoadherence is believed to be fundamental for the survival of plasmodium falciparum in vivo and uniquely is a L1 determinant of the virulence of this parasite despite the widely professed importance of cytoadhesion in the development of severe disease there are a number of aspects of this highly complex process that remain poorly understood recent progress in the understanding of cytoadhesive phenomena was discussed extensively at the molecular approaches to malaria conference lorne australia february here brian cooke mats wahlgren and ross coppel consider just how far we have progressed during the past years and highlight what is still missing in our understanding of the mechanisms and clinical relevance of this apparently vital process | MEDAL |
pulmonary blastoma is a rare tumor of the lung although it has been stated that this is predominantly a tumor of adults a review of the cases published to date reveals that it is a disease which occurs with some frequency in children the tumor is relatively benign compared to pulmonary CS of the eight cases previously described in children three are known to have survived and to be free of disease months and years after surgical resection we report two additional cases of pulmonary blastoma in children followed for and months without any evidence of recurrence or metastases | MEDAL |
fifteen patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis ten were studied in all of them the ten was related to drug ingestion and believed to be druginduced the drugs implicated include pyrazolone derivatives allopurinol barbiturates tetracycline phenytoin and penicillamine possible etiologic cofactors are infections cancer and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis the extent of skin loss varied from to almost involvement of the total BS seven of the fifteen patients had more than epidermal loss three deaths were recorded from observations on these fifteen patients it was found that a single drug can cause two reaction patterns namely stevensjohnson syndrome or erythema multiforme and ten at the same time or at different times in one and the same patient it is stressed that from the prognostic and therapeutic viewpoints patients with ten may be equated to patients with extensive partialthickness burns and should be treated in a burn unit | MEDAL |
2DE graphitelike carbon nitride nanosheets gcn nss were hybridized with gold NPs au nps to construct an electrochemiluminescence ecl immunosensor the prepared au npfunctionalized gcn ns nanohybrids augcn nhs exhibit strong and SD cathodic ecl activity compared to gcn nss due to the important roles of au nps in trapping and storing the electrons from the conduction band of gcn nss as well as preventing high SE electroninduced passivation of gcn nss on the basis of the improved ecl stability and ecl peak intensity of the augcn nhs a novel ecl immunosensor was developed to detect carcinoembryonic antigen cea as a model target analyte the ecl immunosensor has a CS response to cea in a linear range of ng ml with a detection limit of pg ml additionally the proposed immunosensor shows high specificity good reproducibility and longterm stability | MEDAL |
environmental social geographical and other AF could affect the distribution of intestinal parasites parasitic infections would impose on health and social problems like malabsorption diarrhea impaired work capacity and reduced growth rate however there is a scarcity of information regarding the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors in the study area | MEDAL |
goiter prevalence and urinary iodine excretion levels were assessed in schoolchildren boys and girls aged years living in the malatya province a wellknown endemic goiter area in turkey five hundred sixtyeight children aged years consented to thyroid gland palpation and provided a urine sample on the day of examination in april median UIC for the total group was microgl there was an association between presence of goiter or not and UI levels microgl versus microgl p the median urinary iodine concentration was lower in rural areas than in urban Az microgl versus microgl respectively and schoolchildren living in rural Az had significantly lower UI C2 p in conclusion the present study reports mild iodine deficiency in the malatya province despite a mandatory iodization program in turkey which has been in force since | MEDAL |
the sensation of pain nociception is a critical factor in host defense during tissue injury and inflammation and is initiated at the site of injury by activation of primary afferent cfiber and a partial differential nerve endings inflammation induces tissue alterations that sensitize these nociceptive nerve terminals contributing to persistent pain to understand this algesic tissue environment and peripheral nervous signaling to the cns and immune system we examined cytokine and endothelialrelated gene expression profiles in inflamed rat tissues and corresponding dorsal root ganglia drg by microarray and rtpcr following hind paw i.t. of carrageenan in inflamed tissue fortytwo cytokine and endothelialrelated genes exhibited elevated expression in contrast in drg only scya chemokine cc motif ligand mrna was upregulated leading to an increase in its gene product mo chemoattractant protein scya mrna was localized by in situ hybridizationimmunocytochemical doublelabeling to a subpopulation of vanilloid receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype containing SN and its expression was increased by direct TRP VR1 subtype stimulation with the VR1 agonist resiniferatoxin indicating sensitivity to nociceptive afferent activity our results are consistent with the idea that monocyte chemoattractant protein at the site of peripheral injury andor in drg is involved in inflammatory hyperalgesia | MEDAL |
organophosphates have been widely used as insecticides and CW agents the health risks associated with these agents have necessitated the need for better detoxification and bioremediation tools bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the lethal organophosphate nerve agents are of special interest PTE pte isolated from the soil bacteria pseudomonas diminuta displays a significant rate enhancement and substrate promiscuity for the hydrolysis of organophosphate triesters directed evolution and rational redesign of the AS site of pte have led to the identification of new variants with enhanced catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity toward the hydrolysis of organophosphate neurotoxins pte has been utilized to protect against organophosphate poisoning in vivo biotechnological applications of pte for detection and decontamination of insecticides and chemical warfare agents are developing into useful tools in this review the catalytic properties and potential applications of this remarkable enzyme are discussed | MEDAL |
in patients with chronic bronchitis with or without emphysema PLB of room air was compared with breathing of o in helium and in argon minute ventilation and alveolar ventilag current inasmuch as quaternary strychnine can block of the displacement current simultaneously with sodium current | MEDAL |
vertebral artery dissection as a cause of stroke is rarely reported in children the association between VAD and klippelfeil syndrome is also very rare we report on a case of vertebral artery dissection with posterior circulation involvement in a child with klippelfeil syndrome T3 a hard physicaltraining lesson she was also diagnosed with wildervanck syndrome with additional clinical findings vertebral artery dissection should be considered in patients with klippelfeil syndo becomes thickened leading to further loss of shoulder rotation this painful condition is a growing problem in the aging population in most cases diagnosis of degenerative joint disease of the shoulder can be made with careful PH PE and radiography the symptoms and degree of shoulder ICA visible on radiography determine the best treatment option mild degenerative joint disease can be treated with physical therapy and overthecounter antiinflammatory medications such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs more advanced cases of OA that are refractory to NOM can be managed with corticosteroid i.v. in severe cases surgery is indicated surgical options include arthroscopic debridement arthroscopic capsular release and in the most severe instances hemiarthroplasty or total shoulder arthroplasty | MEDAL |
the proliferative response of IP blood MNC cells pbmc to a recombinant nonstructural ns protein of hepatitis c virus hcv was studied in patients with chronic HC of them had chronic persistent hepatitis cph and chronic AS hepatitis cah the positive proliferation rate of pbmc to the recombinant ns protein tag was in the patients in cah versus in cph p when stimulation index si was set as the cutoff value however mean si of cah patients was significantly higher than that of cph patients versus p six other CH patients who were repeatedly negative for antihcv antibody but positive for SS hcv rna also had an si of or the frequency of cellular immune response to the tag is among the highest results obtained by using hcv antigens tested so far our studies thus indicate that ns is an immunologically important region of hcv for TA moreover the proliferative response to tag may help to establish hepatitis c etiology in CH patients who are seronegative with currently available antihcv assays | MEDAL |
paralysis seen in MMC has been attributed to congenital myelodysplasia we suspected that paralysis may be due in part to a spinal cord injury caused by SE of the NT to the amniotic fluid this hypothesis was tested using a fetal rat model of surgically created dysraphism each pup from the experimental group of rats in which the spinal cord was intentionally exposed to the amniotic fluid was born with severe deformity and weakness of the hind limbs and tail control fetal rats subjected to the same procedure without directly exposing the spinal cord to the intrauterine environment were normal at birth histological studies of the exposed spinal cord revealed extensive erosion and necrosis findings similar to those described in children with MM we therefore propose a twohit hypothesis to explain the paralysis seen in children with myelomeningocele congenital myelodysplasia complicated by an intrauterine spinal cord injury intrauterine protection of the exposed spinal cord might prevent some or all of the paralysis the possible implications of these findings for the future treatment of myelomeningocele are discussed | MEDAL |
objective the early diagnosis and treatment of microalbuminuria is important for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes in this T0 we assessed the accuracy of the semiquantitative measurement of microalbuminuria by urine dipstick screening in patients with diabetes methods the semiquantitative urinary albumintocreatinine ratio quacr was used for microalbuminuria screening a total of diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria urine albumintocreatinine ratio uacr mggã»cre n or microalbuminuria uacr mggã»cre n were enrolled as T0 participants both the qualitative test of Al qua and the quacr of earlymorning or spot urine samples were performed at the same time a receiver operating characteristic roc analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic utility of the quacr to that of the qua in the detection of microalbuminuria results the sensitivity and specificity values of the quacr were and respectively those of the qua were and respectively in the roc analysis the area under the AUC of the quacr and qua for the diagnosis of microalbuminuria were confidence interval and respectively conclusion these results suggest that the quacr is a simple and efficient testwith high levels of sensitivity and specificityfor the PCD of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes | MEDAL |
organophosphate and carbamate pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase ache at nerve synapses blood samples from hispaniolan amazon parrots amazona ventralis were assayed for cholinesterase C2 by two different techniques using the modified michel method the wholeblood cholinesterase activity C2 ranged from to deltaphhr with a mean value of deltaphhr a reference range deltaphhr for cholinesterase was established in birds the modified ellman spectrophotometric method was used to measure ache activity by adding acetylthiocholine or pseudocholinesterase plasma cholinesterase activity by adding butyrylthiocholine the REF range of the ache activity using the modified ellman spectrophotometric method was micromolmlmin with a mean of micromolmlmin and for pseudocholinesterase the range was micromolmlmin with a mean of micromolmlmin | MEDAL |
little is known about the LT health related SQ of life outcomes in patients with west nile virus associated acute flaccid paralysis we describe the SQ of life scores of seven patients with AFP who presented to hospital between and and were followed for up to two years | MEDAL |
our purpose was to examine the mmpi profiles of patients with chronic HA or facial pain the following diagnostic groups were considered tensiontype HA n migraine CH chronic paroxysmal hemicrania trigeminal neuralgia AFP afp temporomandibular joint dysfunction tmj there were two control CG c of HI and c of patients with CP located elsewhere a pain index was calculated which quantified DP duration and frequency of pain the italian mmpi abbreviated version was administered to all subjects oneway anova the duncan test and correlation analysis were performed of the diagnostic CG afp scored highest and tmj lowest in all except three scales in the afp group all neurotic scales scored above the pain index correlated with higher scores on most scales chronic pain may lead to personality alterations but some features of craniofacial pain correlate with specific personality disturbances | MEDAL |
distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthaseimmunoreactive nnosir nerve fibers and somata in the rat epididymis and major pelvic ganglia was studied by immunohistochemical methods in the epididymis the supply of nnosir fibers was highest in the cauda and became progressively fewer toward the caput in the cauda and corpus nnosir fibers were distributed throughout the subepithelial tissues and around the epithelial the DP of distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide vip and IMT hydroxylase TH-IR SF in the epididymis was similar but the latter was generally more numerous in a given region as compared to that of nnosir SF a population of neurons in the MPG were nnosir th or vipir doublelabeling studies revealed that few SN in the MPG contained both nnosir and thir whereas nnosir and vipir appeared to colocalize in the same population of the pelvic ganglion cells similarly nnosir SF in the epididymis were mostly vippositive and thnegative unilateral injection of the FL tracer fluorogold into the junction between the vas deferens and the cauda labeled a population of neurons in the RA and left L1 pelvic ganglia some of which were also nnosir a small number of DRG cells contained fluorogold and very few expressed nosir it may be concluded that nnosir nerve SF in the rat epididymis arise mainly from SN in the major pelvic ganglia the major of which express vipir but not thir the extensive supply of nnosimmunoreactive SF around the epithelium and throughout the subepithelial tissues suggests that no may be closely associated with smooth muscle contraction | MEDAL |
the role of intraperitoneal osmoreceptors in hypothalamoneurohypophyseal control was studied in URE or nembutalanaesthetized rats plasma samples were taken for radioimmunoassay of Arg vasopressin and the EA of single supraoptic endocrine neurones and of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal tract were monitored during superfusion of the hepatic portal vein with hypo iso and hypertonic solutions pAVP increased within min following superfusion with osmolal nacl solutions in a doserelated manner from basal levels of pgml to pgml prior superfusion with xylocaine or intravenous infusions of micrograms atropinemethyl bromate abolished this response although vasopressin was still released to nicotine in atropineblocked rats portal vein superfusions had no significant effects on arterial blood pressure plasma osmolality and plasma na concentrations forty supraoptic neurones were antidromically activated from the neural lobestalk region superfusions of the portal vein with nacl solutions osmolekg degrees c sec stimulated seven out of eight phasically firing and eight out of twentyfour continuously firing neurones one phasically active ten continuously firing and four silent cells were not affected and six continuously firing neurones were inhibited by the superfusions the amplitude decreases of antidromic CAPs in the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal tract reflecting an increase of the orthodromic nerve impulse traffic ranged from to for superfusions with osmolal nacl or licl solutions from to for osmolal na isethionate or choline cl and from to for osmolal gl there was no effect when osmolal urea and isotonic or hypotonic nacl solutions were applied responses of the amplitude of CAPs to superfusions with osmolal nacl solutions or with mumole ach but not to electrical stimulation of the portal vein or its superfusion with osmolal kcl were abolished by prior application of mumole atropine sulphate prior superfusions with xylocaine abolished the responses to all stimuli above these results suggest that within the hepatic portal vein area there are osmosensitive receptor cells andor nerve terminals which activate the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system through a IP cholinergic mechanism | MEDAL |
the main aim of the T0 was to evaluate maternal and P0 urinary iodine concentrations according to the usage of iodine supplementation during pregnancy | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to follow the thrombus progression and regression in superficial veins of lower limbs in patients with superficial vein thrombosis svt treated with lowmolecularweight heparin patients n with a first symptomatic svt of the lower limbs received different dosages of dalteparin the primary outcome was a NC in the diameter and length of thrombus in the affected veins the regression of thrombus was not significantly different between the CG p the reduction in the length of thrombus as well as thrombus diameter was significantly greater in females at the end of the observation period the length of thrombus in the distal part was more reduced than in the proximal segments it seems that the dosage of anticoagulant drug does not have a significant impact on thrombus resolution | MEDAL |
seventeen patients with hodgkins disease hd were treated with highdose chemotherapy followed by ABMT transplantation abmt eleven patients were resistant to initial therapy three patients had relapsed and were still responders to second or third L1 therapy three patients had relapsed but were progressing under second or third line therapy preabmt chemotherapy included high dose cyclophosphamide in all patients mg kg day bolus for days most often associated with bcnu or ccnu aracytine and thioguanine four patients received additional tbi gy in patients complete remission cr was achieved failed to respond and cases were not evaluable due to early death among cr patients died from late toxicity relapsed between the nd and th months but patients remain in cr off therapy at and months including initially resistant and who had relapsed there were treatment related deaths due to infection CF and multiorgan failure the high complete response rate in these heavily pretreated patients suggests that there may be an indication for high dose therapy earlier in resistant hd moreover under such conditions treatment related morbidity would be expected to be lower | MEDAL |
echocardiograms were recorded in active athletes from various sports and exathletes and compared with those in normal control subjects nonathletes diastolic cavity dimension and PW and ST were measured and left ventricular mass and the ratio of PWT to cavity radius and of septum to PWT calculated as a group athletes had a significantly increased diastolic cavity dimension posterior wall and ST and left ventricular mass the ratio of PWT to cavity radius was distributed as a single continuous variable with a significantly increased mean and there was no separate subgroup of shot putters or weight lifters with inappropriate hypertrophy the mean ratio of SP to posterior wall thickness was normal but there was a wide range of values up to exathletes had entirely normal left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness when athletes are categorised by their standard of competition national standard competitors had a significantly increased PW and ST and left ventricular mass compared with university and MK-801 sportsmen in conclusion strenuous activity results in left ventricular hypertrophy which is AGA to the body size of the athlete and the degree of activity but not to its type | MEDAL |
singlemolecule fret is a powerful tool for probing the kinetic mechanism of a complex enzymatic reaction however not every reaction intermediate can be identified via a distinct fret value making it difficult to fully dissect a multistep reaction pathway here we demonstrate a method using sequential kinetic experiments to differentiate each reaction intermediate by a distinct time sequence of fret signal a kinetic fingerprint our MM system the twoway junction hairpin ribozyme catalyzes a multistep reversible rna cleavage reaction which comprises two structural transition steps dockingundocking and one chemical reaction step cleavageligation whereas the docked and undocked forms of the enzyme display distinct fret values the cleaved and ligated forms do not to overcome this difficulty we used mg pulsechase experiments to differentiate each reaction intermediate by a distinct kinetic fingerprint at the singlemolecule level this method allowed us to unambiguously determine the rate constant of each reaction step and fully characterize the reaction pathway by using the chemically competent enzymesubstrate complex we found that the ligated form of the enzyme highly favors the docked state whereas undocking becomes accelerated upon cleavage by two orders of magnitude a result different from that obtained with chemically blocked ATP and product analogs the overall cleavage reaction is ratelimited by the dockingundocking kinetics and the internal cleavageligation equilibrium contrasting the ratelimiting mechanism of the fourway junction ribozyme these results underscore the kinetic interdependence of reversible steps on an enzymatic reaction pathway and demonstrate a potentially GA route to dissect them | MEDAL |
transepithelial water movements and argininevasopressin avpassociated ones were studied in a renal cell line established from a rat cortical collecting duct rccd transepithelial net water fluxes jw were recorded every minute in rccd monolayers cultured on permeable supports spontaneous net water secretion was observed which was inhibited by serosal bumetanide m apical glibenclamide m and apical bacl x m rtpcr rnase protection andor immunoblotting experiments demonstrated that known renal aquaporins aqp aqp aqp aqp aqp and aqp were not expressed in rccd cells avp stimulates camp production and sodium reabsorption in rccd cells we have now observed that avp significantly reduces the spontaneous water sec flux the amiloridesensitive avpinduced increase in shortcircuit current isc was paralleled by a simultaneous modification of the observed jw both responses had similar time courses and halftimes about min on the other hand avp did not modify the osmotically driven jw induced by serosal hypertonicity we can conclude that i transepithelial jw occurs in rccd cells in the absence of known renal aquaporins ii the water sec component observed could be linked to cl and k secretion iii the natriferic response to avp preserved in rccd cells was associated with a NC in net water flux which was even observed in absence of aqp aqp or aqp and iv the hydroosmotic response to avp was completely lost | MEDAL |
reproducing the features of the extracellular matrix is important for fabricating threedimensional d scaffolds for tissue regeneration a collagenlike polypeptide polyprohypgly is a promising material for d scaffolds because of its excellent physical properties biocompatibility and biodegradability in this paper we present a novel photocrosslinked polyprohypgly hydrogel as a d scaffold for simultaneous rat bone marrow stromal cell rbmsc encapsulation the hydrogels were fabricated using visiblelight photocrosslinking at various concentrations of methacrylated polyprohypgly mgml and irradiation times or min the results show that the rbmscs encapsulated in the hydrogels survived days of incubation calcium deposition on the encapsulated rbmscs was assessed with scanning EM observation alizarin red s and von kossa staining the most strongly stained area was observed in the hydrogel formed with mgml of methacrylated polyprohypgly with min irradiation these findings demonstrate that polyprohypgly hydrogels support rbmsc viability and differentiation as well as demonstrating the feasibility of using polyprohypgly hydrogels as a cytocompatible biodegradable d scaffold for tissue regeneration | MEDAL |
podisus nigrispinus dallas hemiptera pentatomidae is a zoophytophagous insect with a potential for use as a biological control agent in agriculture because nymphs and adults actively prey on various insects by inserting mouthparts and regurgitating the contents of the SGs inside the prey causing rapid paralysis and death however the substances found in saliva of p nigrispinus that causes the death of the prey are unknown as a first step to identify the component of the saliva of p nigrispinus this study evaluated the ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the SGs of p nigrispinus the salivary system of p nigrispinus has a pair of principal salivary PG which are bilobed with a short anterior lobe and a long posterior lobe and a pair of tubular accessory PG the principal gland epithelium is composed of a single SL of cells enclosing a large lumen epithelial cells of the principal SSG vary from cubic to columnar shape with one or two spherical and welldeveloped nuclei cells of the anterior lobe of the principal salivary gland have an apical surface with narrow short and irregular BPM foldings apical and perinuclear cytoplasm rich in Rg endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubular cristae the basal portion of the secretory cells has mitochondria associated with many basal BPM infoldings that are short but form C1 extracellular canals sec LG with electrondense core and electrontransparent IP are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm cells of the posterior lobe of the principal SSG are similar to those of the AL except for the presence of mitochondria with transverse cristae the accessory salivary gland cells are columnar with apical MV have welldeveloped nucleus and cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and have sec LG cytochemical tests showed positive reactions for carbohydrate protein and acid phosphatase in different regions of the glandular system the principal SGs of p nigrispinus do not have muscle cells attached to its wall suggesting that salivareleasing mechanism may occurs with the participation of some thorax muscles the cytochemical and ultrastructural features suggest that the principal and accessory salivary PG play a role in protein synthesis of the saliva | MEDAL |
anecdotal reports suggest a higher frequency of serious cardiac complications particularly cardiomyopathy and congestive HF chf in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis fsgs we report the occurrence of cardiac disease in children with fsgs compared with other glomerular causes of primary nephrotic syndrome ns a chart review was performed on all patients evaluated at the schneider childrens hospital between and with a diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis mpgn membranous nephropathy mn focal global glomerulosclerosis fggs and fsgs clinical and demographic data were compiled specifically whether or not the patient had clinically evident cardiac disease the blood pressure bp and hematocrit in patients with fsgs and chronic renal failure crf glomerular filtration rate mlmin per m in the months prior to the OD of cardiac complications were compared with the values in fsgs patients with crf but no cardiac complications and in patients with the other causes of primary ns in whom crf developed there were patients with fsgs with mpgn with mn and with fggs cardiac disease occurred in children mean age years all with fsgs four of these patients were black and were female chf occurred in all patients cardiomyopathy in and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients there was no significant difference in the bp and the hematocrit levels between the patients with both fsgs and cardiac disease patients with fsgs and crf but no cardiac disease and the patients with the other glomerulopathies in whom crf occurred p our findings suggest that there is a clinical association between fsgs and cardiac disease in pediatric patients we speculate that the immune mechanism responsible for the OD of fsgs may also affect the heart | MEDAL |
due to the presence of structural and anatomical differences that accompany anomalous kidneys currently available endourological modalities such as swl and pnl may be insufficient or additional laparoscopic assistance may be required the present T0 aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VA flexible ureterorenoscopic stone treatment in patients with kidney anomalies over the last years patients with renal stones in anomalous kidneys were consecutively treated by flexible ureterorenoscopy and holmiumyag laser lithotripsy among the patients fiberoptic or digital flexible ureterorenoscopies were performed for the management of horseshoe kidneys n crossfused ectopic kidney n renal ectopies n associated with pelvic n or lumbar kidneys n renal malrotations n and duplicate ureters n for lithotripsy or µm probes were used and for stone retraction fr zerotip baskets were used success was defined as the complete absence of stones as evaluated with a ct scan month T3 the operation the mean patient age was ± years and the mean stone size was ± mm range complete stone clearance was achieved in patients T3 a single session seven of the patients with residual stones underwent a second session and the remaining three patients were subsequently treated with swl the overall complete CL was patients with ancillary procedures there were no serious postoperative complications except for one case of urosepsis flexible ureterorenoscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe option for the treatment of renal stones in anomalous kidneys with satisfactory success rates | MEDAL |
premature chromatid separationmosaic variegated aneuploidy pcsmva syndrome is a rare genetic disorder in this case report we describe the prenatal diagnosis of pcsmva syndrome in a yearold gravida para woman who was referred to us in her second trimester due to fetal growth restriction and extreme microcephaly standard deviations AC and chromosomal analysis confirmed pcs in of cultured fetal cells pcs findings were positive in of paternal cells and of maternal cells indicative that both were pcs carriers genetic analysis confirmed that the fetus carried a combined heterozygote of maternal g a point mutation of the promoter area of the bubb gene and a paternal alu sequence insertion between intron and exon of the bubb gene as pcsmva syndrome is associated with the development of various HM in early life prenatal diagnosis is important for ERP planning of postnatal care | MEDAL |
we have investigated the effects of quasitotalbody exposure of healthy volunteers to either an oxygenozone mixture oo or to oxygen o CT during a short period in a sauna cabin the subjects underwent both an experimental and a control examination separated by a month interval body mass blood pressure body temperature changes electrocardiograms venous blood gas and haemocytometric analyses TAS and plasma levels of protein thiol CG TBAR tbars plasma cytokine hepatic enzymes and creatine were determined before immediately T3 the min period in the cabin and then and h afterwards we observed statistically significant variations of body temperature venous partial pressure of o values tbars and plasma levels of interleukin particularly T3 oo SE the increase in tbars plasma C2 concomitant with protein oxidation has been tentatively interpreted as being attributable to the transcutaneous passage of some reactive o species which should be considered if this approach is to be used as a biological response modifier however in the present T0 no adverse effects were noted T3 one session | MEDAL |
several forms of learning have been demonstrated to show improvements with sleep based on rodent models it has been suggested that replay of waking events in the hippocampus during sleep may underlie SM consolidation in humans however behavioral data for the role of sleep in human hippocampalrelated SM have been inconsistent to further investigate the role of sleep in hippocampalmediated learning we tested subjects in two sessions of a contextual cueing paradigm a form of hippocampusdependent implicit learning separated by intervals of sleep AS wake or carefully controlled quiet rest participants completed a visual search task and unbeknownst to them some search displays were occasionally repeated in the experiment contextual cueing was revealed by faster search speed on repeated trials old than unrepeated ones new even though subjects were unaware of the trial TR notably performance in a second testing session was equivalent for participants who underwent quiet resting daytime sleep or nocturnal sleep between the two sessions these four CG showed equivalent transfer of learning from session notably learning of new configurations in session was absent in the active wake group but was equally strong among the other three groups these results indicate that this form of HPC learning is independent of sleep and vulnerable to proactive interference during AS wake they prompt a reevaluation of the HPC replay hypothesis as a GA model of sleepdependent learning | MEDAL |
semiautomated agarose electrophoresis and immunofixation performed with hydrasyshyrys sebia were compared with conventional manually performed methods including CA PACE immunoelectrophoresis and immunofixation reference intervals for agarose electrophoresis with hydrasyshyrys were determined withinrun imprecision cv for fraction quantitation with the semiautomated system was between albumin and betaglobulin total imprecision cv was between Al and betaglobulin semiautomated agarose electrophoresis showed linear rho with CA PACE thirtyfour specimens with monoclonal components were analyzed by manual immunoelectrophoresis and IF and by hydrasys in one case a lightchain disease was missed with hydrasys when the sample was diluted the routine dilution but not when the sample was assayed undiluted in another case the hydrasys system revealed a small igga monoclonal component in addition to the iga monoclonal component detected by the manual methods in the other cases no differences between the manual methods and the semiautomated method were seen with respect to paraprotein identification | MEDAL |
recent progress supports the importance of local estrogen secretion in human bone tissue to increase and maintain bonemineral density in a previous report we found that forskolin fsk synergistically induces aromatase cyp a ratelimiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis expression in dexamethasone dex dependent manner in a human OB cell L1 svhfo watanabe m ohno s nakajin s forskolin and dexamethasone synergistically induce aromatase cyp expression in the hOB cell line svhfo eur j endocrinol in this report we investigated whether prostaglandin pg e induces estrogen production in other words if pge exerts the same effect as fsk because pge is the L1 prostanoid in the bone and is one of the key molecules in the osteoblast we found pge upregulates AA synergistically but this upregulation depends on dex cyp gene expression was also increased synergistically by dex and pge promoter i was G1 synergistically by pge and dex pge receptor ep ep and ep were involved in the upregulation of aromatase activity in response to pge in a dexdependent manner the camppka pathway and ca signaling pathway were involved in the upregulation of aromatase activity in response to pge furthermore GRE on promoter i CS was an essential minimum requirement for its activity and synergism of pge and dex these findings are the first report on OB cell L1 which uses predominantly promoter i to drive aromatase expression these findings also suggest that endogenous pge produced in bone mainly may synergistically support local estrogen production in osteoblastic cells in the presence of glucocorticoid | MEDAL |
a group of thirtyseven patients with increased haem catabolism has been studied to gain insight in their bilirubin conjugating capacity bilirubin udpglucuronyl transferase activity glcata in the liver and bilirubin monoconjugates in bile were measured and the hepatic bilirubin clearance was calculated from the radiochromiumsurvival data in the present group of the patients clearly had a deficiency in bilirubin conjugation similar to what is classically found in gilberts syndrome the association may facilitate PCD of these patients as serum bilirubin C2 were higher microm m sd in the fifteen patients with associated gilberts syndrome versus thirteen having only haemolysis microm a fair rho was found between the percentage of monoconjugates in bile and the glcata C2 in the liver as well as with the calculated hepatic bilirubin clearance although some discrepancies exist using these determinations a clearcut separation from normal values was not obtained suggesting at least in the present group of patients that gilbert syndrome represents only one end of a continuum of bilirubin conjugation rates and not a separate entity pigment stones in the gallbladder were documented in of the patients and usually at an early age there was no relationship towards sex SB glcata in liver total bilirubin or monoconjugates in bile age played some role as well as the type of haemolysis as all patients with congenital dyserythropoiesis n or acquired haemolysis n had lithiasis moderate chronic cholecystitis was present whereas an accumulation of iron and bile pigment was evident in the CL | MEDAL |
the prokinetic properties of a number of ht antagonists containing the BA moiety metoclopramide cisapride brl zacopride were compared with those of the chemically unrelated antagonist ics their ht antagonistic potency was evaluated using the bezoldjarisch test all compounds accelerated GE of beads in the rat with potencies comparable to those found for inhibiting the bezoldjarisch reflex metoclopramide cisapride urinary ascites were managed in beijing childrens hospital all of them presented with gradual abdominal distension from birth had dripping of urine the day old new born had anuria since birth in other infants one had cystostomy and the other ureterostomy before admission urinary ascites was confirmed by ABD paracentesis intravenous pyelography ivp and voiding cystourethrography vcug in cases showed BL hydroureteronephrosis and dilatation of the posterior urethra consistent with congenital posterior urethral valves the day old infant who had cystostomy followed subsequently by vesicostomy is still waiting for ablation of the valves the remaining were managed by stage T0 had vesicostomy first one ureterostomy they had valves ablation either through urethra or bladder at the age of months to years old urinary ascites disappeared spontaneously T3 urinary drainage two patients died one due to dehydration T3 drainage of the obstructed renal pelvis the other in had no urinary drainage for obstructed urinary tract | MEDAL |
we report our clinic experience with CE venous catheters cvcs in children with haemophilia who in total had catheters seventeen of the children had broviac catheters external had an implantable device portacath only while four had broviac and portacath at different times the age of the patients at the time of initial catheter placement ranged from months to years were under age years indications for cvc placement included induction of immune tolerance treatment of hivrelated complications prophylactic therapy following intracranial haemorrhage primary prophylaxis and secondary prophylaxis catheterrelated infection was the most common complication occurring in of the external catheters of these infections occurred in hivnegative subjects staph and strep species were the most common infectious organisms isolated minor bleeding around the catheter occurred in of cases even with adequate correction of haemophilia three children accidentally removed the external catheter thrombosis of the catheter was uncommon occurring in only two patients one of whom had a small P0 size external catheter when presenting with L1 sepsis haemophilic children who were hiv negative had transient temperature spikes approximately h T3 catheter flushing this presentation was different from our oncology or hivpositive patients with cvcrelated sepsis our experience with ports portacath in haemophilic children is limited but catheterrelated infection seems to be less of a problem with the implantable device and the ports have been well accepted by our haemophilic patients and their parents | MEDAL |
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