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the purpose of the present T0 was to better understand the role of sweet taste perception in dietary behavior and body weight in outbred spraguedawley phenotypic obesityprone and obesityresistant rats by measuring SU taste sensitivity using a conditioned taste aversion paradigm rats were given a HF diet for weeks and were assigned as OP p upper tertile or obesityresistant r lower tertile based on weight gain each group was then given either chow c fat or the high fat diet f fat for the remainder of the experiment â¼ weeks such that there were four groups OP on chow cp obesityprone on high fat hp obesityresistant on chow cr obesityresistant on HF hr the SU sensitivity of phenotypic obesityprone rats is lower than that of obesityresistant rats in either hfed or cfed group and all hfed rats were more sensitivity than their cfed counterparts hp vs cp hr vs cr body weight gain and total calories intake of phenotypic OP rats are more than that of obesityresistant rats the results suggest that lower sucrose taste sensitivity may contribute to body weight gain and total calories NI of phenotypic OP rats compared to obesityresistant rats and there is rho between the change in the sweet taste threshold and diet treatment | MEDAL |
to explore how the stiffness index of the calcaneus is related to lifestyle factors we examined the associations of lifestyle factors age and years since menopause with stiffness index of the calcaneus among communitydwelling japanese women aged years beta of the calcaneus was obtained from quantitative ultrasound measurement BH and weight were measured from which body mass index bmi was calculated physical activity index was calculated using a validated questionnaire dietary calcium intake and amount of ingested alcohol were estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire current smoking status was obtained by questionnaire in univariate analysis stiffness index was positively related to PAI and bmi and inversely to age and years since menopause but not to dietary calcium intake beta of drinkers and CS was not significantly different from that of nondrinkers and nonsmokers respectively among the NK menopausal women MRA showed that advancing age and YSM were associated with lower beta while higher PCS activity index and greater bmi were associated with higher beta in conclusion higher PCS activity in combination with adequate nutrition for weight maintenance should be emphasized as a part of a healthy lifestyle in order to maintain bone health among MA and elderly japanese women | MEDAL |
plasma levels of NT probtype natriuretic peptide ntprobnp provide useful prognostic predictors in patients T3 CS however predictive accuracy of ntprobnp C2 has varied significantly according to renal dysfunction the purpose of this study was to assess whether preoperative ntprobnp C2 could be used as predictors of early postoperative outcomes on the basis of renal CF in patients undergoing offpump coronary artery bypass surgery opcab | MEDAL |
a retrospective study of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from cats presenting to the university of sydney veterinary centre between and was performed BAL lavage cytology and microbiology in conjunction with other diagnostic aids and patient records were used to classify cases as LRT infections ltris lrti revisits feline bronchial disease cardiac disease neoplastic disease and multisystemic disease cases for which a definitive diagnosis could not be made were classified as inconclusive infectious agents identified were mycoplasma spp pasteurella spp bordetella bronchiseptica salmonella typhimurium pseudomonas sp cryptococcus neoformans aelurostrongylus abstrusus and eucoleus aerophilus the T0 highlights the importance of BAL lavage cytology and microbiology in the DUE of feline lower respiratory tract disease | MEDAL |
PCS performance on TM and calf blood flow VO plethysmography were determined in patients with PS of intermittent claudication before and T3 a weeks period of intervall training arteriosclerotic occlusions of FA were proved on arteriography in all cases after training a significant improvement of the claudication distance and the work performed on the treadmill on an average of were stated whereas nnd the peripheral blood flow at rest and after minutes circulatpressed as area under the blood flow curve during RH on an average of the benefits of a controlled hometraining program as the necessity of investigation at maximal AS when assessing the haemodynamic effects of physical training are pointed out | MEDAL |
thalamocortical oscillations mediate both physiological and pathophysiological behaviors including sleep and generalized absence epilepsy ga reciprocal intrathalamic circuitry and robust burst firing dependent on underlying transient ca current it in thalamic neurons support generation of such rhythms in order to T0 the regulation of intrathalamic rhythm generation and the effects of ga anticonvulsants previously shown to reduce it in acutely isolated thalamic SN we developed an in vitro rat thalamic slice preparation that retains sufficient intrathalamic circuitry to support evoked oscillations range hz average n associated with burst firing in the thalamic Rt nucleus nrt and thalamic relay neurons extracellular stimulation of nrt evoked in relay SN a biphasic inhibitory response with prominent gabaa and gabab receptormediated components the gabaa component was picrotoxin sensitive outwardly rectifying and cl dependent with a very negative reversal potential mv indicating that an AS extrusion mechanism exists in these cells to keep cli mm the gabab component had a linear conductance a reversal potential of mv and was quite long lasting about msec so that rebound bursts often were generated on its decay phase presumably leading to reexcitation of nrt through known excitatory connections gababmediated responses thus provide a timing mechanism for promoting slow intrathalamic oscillations reduction of it by succinimides slightly increased the threshold for burst generation in relay and nrt cells but there was little effect on either number of spikesburst or intraburst frequency and there were no other direct effects on other measures of cellular excitability intrathalamic oscillations were significantly reduced by these agents through a slight decrease in burst probability of thalamic neurons we conclude that interactions between the intrinsic properties of thalamic neurons and intrathalamic circuitry lead to generation of slow oscillations a similar mechanism may underlie the pathophysiological hz spike and wave eeg activity that characterizes ga furthermore antiga drugs such as ESM probably exert their action by reducing the burstfiring probability of neurons within populations of reciprocally interconnected relay and nrt SN thus producing a desynchronization of the thalamic cime of infection it prevented death due to hsv encephalitis in a dosedependent manner mgkg the in vivo antihsv activity of pm was superior to that of acyclovir intraperitoneal administration of pm to the immunosuppressed mice significantly increased the number of RPC especially macrophages pm did not stimulate interferoninducing activity or A-NK cell activity but markedly enhanced peritoneal macrophage functions phagocytic activity as assessed by measuring the amount of crlabeled sheep red blood cells taken into the macrophages and extrinsic antiviral activity as monitored by reduction in the numbers of plaque formed upon cocultivation of hsvinfected hel cells with the macrophages these results point to the role of peritoneal macrophage activation in the activity of pm against hsv infection in immunosuppressed mice | MEDAL |
the effect of opiate peptide administration on the EA of intraocular hippocampal transplants was studied similar to observations in situ the administration of betaendorphin or Met DAGO produces a concentrationdependent increase in the firing rate of identified pyramidal neurons within HPC formation transplants in addition these peptides elicit a profound increase in eeg amplitude which ultimately develops into epileptiform activity the ability of naloxone to either reverse or prevent the peptideinduced changes in both single unit and eeg activity supports the hypothesis that the excitatory response of the hippocampus to opioid MMP is mediated via an opiate receptor the results of this T0 also suggest that the excitatory response to the opiate peptides in hippocampus is the result of alterations in intrinsic neuronal circuitry and is not dependent upon extrahippocampal afferents | MEDAL |
type vii collagen is the major component of anchoring fibrils att structures necessary for SD association of the dermalepidermal basement membrane to the underlying dermis the critical role of the anchoring fibrils in providing integrity to the cutaneous basement membrane zone is attested to by demonstration of mutations in the type vii collagen gene cola in patients with dystrophic EB to gain insight into the evolutionary conservation of the COL7A1 in this T0 we have cloned the entire mouse type vii collagen cdna and elucidated the intronexon organization of the corresponding gene cola the coding region of the cdna consists of nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of approximately kda computer analysis predicted the presence of an amino acid signal peptide comparison of the deduced mouse alphavii collagen polypeptide with the corresponding human CS indicated identity and homology at the amino acid level in addition the domain organization including imperfections and interruptions within the collagenous domain consisting of glyxy repeat sequences was highly conserved the unit of evolutionary period between the FL human and mouse polypeptides was calculated to be million years however suggesting relatively rapid evolutionary divergence in comparison to other collagen genes elucidation of the intronexon organization of the mouse cola gene revealed distinct exons the same number as present in the human gene these data indicate a high degree of structural conservation between the human and mouse type vii collagen supporting the critical role of this collagen as the major component of the anchoring fibrils | MEDAL |
the activation of cardiovascular reflexes for postural adaptation questions whether in healthy humans the central blood volume is optimised to support the upright position a functional definition of an optimal circulating volume that provides the heart with enough CE blood volume to establish a maximal cardiac SO co and mixed venous oxygen saturation svo at rest was evaluated in nine HS preload to the HR was varied by passively changing the body position from deg headup to deg headdown tilt the svo was compared with simultaneously measured estimates of co by computercontrolled thermodilution the co was in the range l min and svo was in the range neither co median range l min nor svo mean sd changed from the supine to the deg headdown position during sustained deg headup tilt svo decreased to together with a decline in co to l min p under conditions of varying tilt angles a change in co is paralleled by concordant changes in svo maximal values for co and svo during supine rest suggest that the horizontal position provides for an optimal CE blood volume | MEDAL |
primary angiosarcoma of the bladder is very rare with approximately cases reported in the literature those with epithelioid morphology are even rarer with only singlecase reports published we describe the histopathologic features and clinical followup of patients with epithelioid angiosarcoma ea of the bladder retrieved from our surgical pathology files from to eight cases were consults the mean age at presentation was years range to y the mf ratio was the clinical presentation was hematuria and bladder mass in all cases six patients had a history of radiotherapy to the pelvis to treat prostate CA and to treat uterine C2 CA the time from radiotherapy to the diagnosis of ea ranged from to years the average size of the tumor was cm range to cm the submitting diagnoses were poorly differentiated carcinoma n highgrade invasive urothelial carcinoma n and atypical vascular proliferation n morphologically the PT were composed of nests and sheets of highly atypical cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio occasional intracytoplasmic lumens and a hemorrhagic BG none of the cases showed any UC component three patients showed in addition usual angiosarcoma in the resection specimen by immunohistochemistry cases were positive for CKs including ck n aeae n and cam n all cases were positive for at least endothelial marker including cd n cd n fviii n and erg n urothelial markers p and gata were consistently negative surgical treatment included transurethral resection of the bladder turb only n turb followed by cystoprostatectomy n turb followed by partial cystectomy n and cystoprostatectomy only n the tumor involved the muscularis propria in patients the periureteric adipose tissue in patient and the prostate and seminal LDV in patient five of patients DOD with a median survival of months range to mo two patients were alive with disease at and months of followup one patient who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy was alive with no evidence of disease months T3 surgery ea of the bladder is a rare malignancy that is frequently misdiagnosed as highgrade carcinoma especially due to positive IS for cytokeratins this RT is more frequent in older men with a PH of radiotherapy to the pelvis morphologic features that should suggest the vascular origin of the RT include highly atypical nuclei with interspersed erythrocytes hemorrhagic BG and occasional intracytoplasmic lumens patients usually present with muscle invasive disease and the prognosis is dismal | MEDAL |
in diptera subsets of small retinotopic neurons provide a discrete channel from achromatic photoreceptors to C1 motionsensitive SN in the lobula complex this pathway is distinguished by TPS affinities of its neurons to antisera raised against glu aspartate gammaaminobutyric acid gaba choline AT chat and a nmethyldaspartate type receptor protein nmdar large type monopolar cells l and type ACs which in the EPL are postsynaptic to the achromatic photoreceptors rr express glutamate immunoreactivity as do directionally selective motionsensitive tangential SN of the lobula SP l MP cells ending in the medulla are accompanied by terminals of a second efferent neuron t the dendrites of which match nmdarimmunoreactive profiles in the lamina l and t endings visit chat and gabaimmunoreactive relays transmedullary neurons that terminate from the medulla in a special layer of the lobula containing the dendrites of DS retinotopic TA t cells supply directionally selective widefield SN in the lobula plate the present results suggest a circuit in which initial motion detection relies on interactions among amacrines and t and the subsequent convergence of t and l at transmedullary cell dendrites convergence of ChAT-IR and gabaimmunoreactive transmedullary neurons at t dendrites in the lobula and the presence there of local gabaimmunoreactive interneurons are suggested to provide excitatory and inhibitory elements for the computation of motion direction a comparable immunocytological organization of AST and glutamateimmunoreactive neurons in honeybees and cockroaches further suggests that neural arrangements providing directional motion vision in flies may have early evolutionary origins | MEDAL |
human papillomavirus hpv is a causative agent for IEL squamous neoplasms particularly on mucosal surfaces hpv has a wellestablished association with squamous cell carcinoma scc of the oropharynx and genital tract and recent studies suggest a potential role in ocular and periocular squamous neoplasms multiple highrisk hpv genotypes are associated with histologically similar squamous neoplasms and some hpv genotypes have been differentially associated with high or lowgrade lesions | MEDAL |
the role of hemodynamic forces and other signals from circulating blood in guiding the development of the retinal vasculature was examined by following the growth of these vessels in organ cultures retinal vascular OD in organ cultures was monitored by immunofluorescent IF of retinal wholemounts using antibodies against icam a TPS marker for endothelial cells and by V1 adenosine disphosphatase activity under culture conditions the retinal vasculature from mice at PN day p grew from the optic nerve area to the edge of the retina in a manner similar to that observed in vivo both inner and outer V1 plexuses formed in retinal explants within the first few days of organ SC the initial uniform meshwork of blood vessels was reorganized into arterioles venules and capillaries as in animals the initial retinal V1 plexus contained abundant vessels and afterward some vessels regressed leading to the formation of a mature vascular bed changes in V1 density due to blood vessel growth and remodeling were confirmed by rtpcr and western blot analyses of icam mrna and protein C2 respectively in addition during in vitro retinal vascularization arterioles acquired mural cell coverage as shown by positive IF for alphasmooth SMA thus blood flow and bloodderived signals were not required for the development and maturation of retinal vessels in contrast stability of blood vessels in retinal explants was tightly regulated by endogenous levels of V1 EC growth factora vegfa vegfa was expressed in the explants throughout the SC period and addition of neutralizing antibodies against vegfa to the organ culture caused a severe regression of blood vessels from the vascular front toward the optic nerve in contrast addition of antifgf antibodies had no effect on the developing vasculature thus retinal vascular development is dependent on local vegfa signals rather than systemic signals | MEDAL |
by serial echocardiographic examinations we investigated the parameters predictive of left VVI lv deterioration in asymptomatic patients with severe AI ai based on their first echocardiograms patients were divided into two groups group n had normal FS fs group n had abnormal fs similar values of lv enddiastolic ESD edd esd fs radiusthickness ratio and mean WS characterized stable and unstable patients of group unstable patients who developed abnormal values of fs during the followup showed significantly lower values of the contractility index peak arterial pressureendsystolic volume ratio papesv the unstable patients moreover were distributed near the ON of the downslope and moved along the descending limb of the curvilinear pump performancemyocardial contractility relation no changes occurred in group patients during followup three unstable group patients and the patients of group underwent AV replacement avr postoperative edd was less than mm and the changes from before to after avr were greater than mm in all cases we conclude that the pump performancemyocardial +dP/dt relation visualized the unstability of lv function in asymptomatic patients and that avr can be delayed after the appearance of an abnormal fs for at least months | MEDAL |
with the advent of new viral inactivation and purification methods for factor concentrates in the s transmission of both hiv and SH viruses has been significantly decreased however on routine annual testing of the paediatric population at the new england hemophilia center nehc several children were noted to be HC hcv seropositive thus a retrospective review of children with severe haemophilia was undertaken twentysix children median age years under the age of were identified all were hiv seronegative and had received hepatitis b immunization of these had received factor concentrate four children had no documented hcv serostatus and seven were hcv seropositive using a secondgeneration elisa transfusion products were reviewed and stored serum samples were evaluated using a secondgeneration elisa to identify the approximate date of seroconversion with positive tests confirmed by riba analysis three children became seropositive before using factor concentrates with early viral attenuation procedures two children who seroconverted T3 received only monoclonal affinity purified factor concentrate that was either pasteurized or solventdetergent treated there was no evidence of horizontal or nosocomial viral transmission we are unable to prove causality with the factor concentrates used by these children continued surveillance with sensitive measures for PCD of hcv in persons with haemophilia using plasmaderived factor concentrate is necessary | MEDAL |
several esters of the alphantoluenepsulphonyl and nbenzoyl derivatives of llysine and sbetaaminoethyllcysteine have been synthesized the kinetics of hydrolysis of the esters by bovine trypsin have been compared values of k are similar for corresponding derivatives of the isosteric amino acids and deacylation of an acylenzyme appears to be ratedetermining in each case there are however some quantitative kinetic differences between the various series of substrates | MEDAL |
twentytwo pigs INF with african swine fever virus asfv were used to demonstrate delayed hypersensitivity dh in vitro by the leukocyte migrationinhibition test the results indicated that asfvinfected pigs developed dh against asfv antigen asf antigen as early as days after inoculation and the presence of viremia did not interfere with the leukocyte migrationinhibition test three asfvinfected pigs that were also sensitized to mycobacterium developed dh against both asf antigen and mycobacterium the conclusion was that the cellular IS is not impaired by asfv infection in pigs | MEDAL |
chronic ML cml is caused by the bcrabl oncoproteinthe product of the t chromosomal translocation that generates the philadelphia chromosome different disease phenotypes are associated with each of the three bcrabl isoforms pbcrabl pbcrabl and pbcrabl all of which have a constitutively activated IMT kinase mechanisms associated with malignant transformation include altered cellular adhesion activation of mitogenic signaling pathways inhibition of apoptosis and proteasomal Kd of physiologically important cellular proteinscml is subject to an inexorable progression from an indolent CP to a terminal blast crisis PD is presumed to be associated with the phenomenon of genomic instability | MEDAL |
ureteral injury is usually due to ABD penetrating trauma or surgical insult it has seldom been reported in patients with BAT a yearold man presented with left flank and inguinal area pain after blunt abdominal trauma sustained in a motor scooter accident acute hydronephrosis and hematuria were noted retrograde pyelography and ureteroscopic examination revealed left distal ureter edema with one the HN resolved after temporary doublejstenting | MEDAL |
the purpose of the T0 was to test the hypothesis that the dietary oils with different content of n PUFA fatty acids pufa EPA acid epa docosahexaenoic acid dha affect plasma lipid level in rats in a different degree the diets with of fish oil fo and schizochytrium microalga oil scho epadha content in the diets and of the sum of total fatty acids respectively were used the diet with of safflower oil high content of n pufa linoleic acid epadha content was used as a control the difference between fo and scho was established only in the case of TG tag level plasma tag of the fofed rats did not differ from the control rats p while scho decreased p plasma tag to of the control on the other hand fo and scho decreased p total plasma cholesterol tc in rats in the same extent to of the control regarding the underlying mechanisms for the tc decrease both scho and fo upregulated hepatic insig gene and of the control p which tended p and p respectively to decrease the amount of hepatic nsrebp protein and of the control however neiible factorα hifα isoforms and oxidative AS in rodents which may be due either to the direct effect of cih or indirectly via hitherto uncharacterized mechanisms as neural activity is a potent regulator of gene transcription we hypothesized that carotid body cb neural activity contributes to cihinduced hifα isoform expression and oxidative stress in the chemoreflex pathway experiments were performed on AD rats exposed to cih for days rats exposed to cih exhibited increased hifα and decreased hifα expression increased nadph oxidase and decreased superoxide dismutase expression and oxidative stress in the NTS and rostral ventrolateral medulla as well as in the AM am a L1 end organ of the sympathetic NS selective ablation of the cb abolished these effects in the am sympathetic activation by the cb chemoreflex mediates cihinduced hifα isoform imbalance via mACh receptormediated ca influx and the resultant activation of rat target of rapamycin pathway and calpain proteases rats exposed to cih presented with hypertension elevated sympathetic activity and increased circulating CAs selective ablation of either the cb afferent pathway or sympathetic innervation to the am efferent pathway abolished these effects these observations uncover cb neural activitydependent regulation of hifα isoforms and the redox state by cih in the CE and peripheral nervous systems associated with the chemoreflex | MEDAL |
glypicans are a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol gpianchored cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans hspgs the glypican family which currently includes glypican the developmentally regulated rat intestinal transcript oci and cerebroglycan is characterized by a similar core protein size ar surface the cd antigen which belongs to the TrkA superfamily the crosslinking of the cd antigen using a mouse fibroblastic cell L1 expressing the human fc receptor fc gamma riicdw and anticd monoclonal antibody induces resting b lymphocytes to enter a state of sustained proliferation addition of il to such cultures results in the generation of factor dependent longterm normal human b cell lines and in the secretion of ige following isotype switching addition of il results in limited cell proliferation but most importantly in very high immunoglobulin production which results from the differentiation of B1 into plasma cells the combination of il and tgf beta induces naive sigd sigm b cells to secrete iga and iga as a consequence of isotype switching the extracellular domain of cd binds with high affinity and high specificity to a kda glycoprotein transiently expressed on G1 t cells this interaction of the cd antigen on B1 with its ligand on TA represents a key step in t cell dependent b cell activation | MEDAL |
LAP lap scores in IP blood and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen cea levels were determined in LC patients and compared with those of healthy persons who served as controls in the control group we found lap scores of and cea C2 of ngml the confidence intadpribose and nicotinamide subsequent to nad hydrolysis ca is released from the organelles via a TPS pathway which is sensitive to several inhibitors among them cyclosporine a and some of its derivatives the release is probably regulated by peptidylprolyl cistrans isomerase prolonged stimulation of the release pathway by certain prooxidants followed by reuptake and PR of ca ca cycling leads to collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and is detrimental to the organelles excessive ca cycling is likely to be a basis for the cell toxicity of some prooxidants on the other hand the toxicity of inhibitors of the prooxidantinduced ca PR pathway may be due to LT ca overloading of mitochondria | MEDAL |
autologous articular cartilage at present forms the main source of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering in children iliac apophysis is a rich and readily accessible source of chondrocytes this T0 compares the growth characteristics and phenotype maintenance of goat iliac apophysis GP chondrocytes with those sourced from goat articular cartilage and thereby assesses their suitability for autologous chondrocyte transplantation in immature animals for GP and articular cartilage regeneration | MEDAL |
SC transplants into damaged myocardium may have the potential to improve cardiac function we investigated the safety of transplanting unmanipulated autologous bone marrow into infarcted myocardium of patients undergoing CABG surgery and assessed its tau to improve cardiac CF fourteen patients with one or more Az of transmural myocardial infarction were studied autologous bone marrow was obtained by sternal bone aspirate at the time of surgery diluted in AS at a ratio of and then injected cm apart into the middepth of the left VVI scar there were no deaths no perioperative myocardial infarctions and no significant ventricular arrhythmias DSE demonstrated overall improvement in the global and regional left ventricular CF weeks and months after surgery of infarcted left VVI segments were injected with bone marrow alone were revascularized with a bypass graft CT and received bone marrow transplantation and a bypass graft in combination only the left IVT segmental WMS of the areas injected with bone marrow and receiving a bypass graft in combination improved at low dose and at peak dobutamine AS these findings suggest that transplantation of unmanipulated ABMT into scar tissue of the hH1 is safe and enhances cardiac function only when used in combination with myocardial revascularization this benefit can be seen T3 weeks of the bone marrow SPK and is maintained after months of followup | MEDAL |
reconstruction of chest wall defects is performed by a variety of surgical procedures use of the pectoralis L1 myodermal flap following a clagett procedure appears to be a reliable technique providing satisfactory results the application of this technique demands a close interaction between the plastic surgeon and the thoracic surgeon | MEDAL |
the use of transesophageal PDE provides an ideal RPA for determining both PVF and transmitral flow this approach thus provides information about the flow of blood into and out of the LA we designed a new method for separately evaluating left atrial functions on the basis of the timevelocity integrals of PVF and transmitral flow using transesophageal pulsed doppler echocardiography assuming that the crosssectional areas of the mitral ring during the left VVI diastolic phase and of the four pulmonary A-V orifices throughout a cardiac cycle were constant and that the blood flows of the four pulmonary veins exhibited MZ velocity profiles good rho was observed between the indices of left atrial function ie left atrial reservoir conduit and forward contractile volume using this new method of analysis of doppler echocardiographic data and those of a conventional method using contrast angiography in conclusion transesophageal PD echocardiography provided satisfactory information about left atrial CF and our new method may be one of the most practical techniques for estimating individual left atrial functions | MEDAL |
adolescence is a period of learning exploration and continuous adaptation to fluctuating environments response R2 during adolescence is an important understudied and developmentally appropriate behavior the purpose of this study was to identify the association between performance on a dynamic risky decision making task and WG matter microstructure in a sample of adolescents years individuals with the greatest response R2 on the task obtained the widest range of experience with potential outcomes to risky choice when compared with their more behaviorally consistent peers adolescents with greater response variability rated realworld examples of risk taking behaviors as less risky via selfreport tractbased spatial statistics tbss were used to examine fractional anisotropy fa and mean diffusivity md greater fa in longrange latematuring tracts was associated with higher response variability greater fa and lower md were associated with lower riskiness ratings of realworld risky behaviors results suggest that response R2 and lower perceived risk attitudes of realworld risk are supported by neural maturation in adolescents | MEDAL |
intestinal metaplasia of the stomach a mucosal change characterized by the conversion of gastric epithelium into an intestinal phenotype is a precancerous lesion from which intestinaltype gastric adenocarcinoma arises chronic infection with helicobacter pylori is a L1 cause of gastric intestinal metaplasia and aberrant induction by h pylori of the intestinespecific caudalrelated homeobox cdx transcription factors cdx and cdx plays a key role in this metaplastic change as such a critical issue arises as to how these AF govern the cell and tissuetype switching in this study we explored genes directly activated by cdx in gastric epithelial cells and identified stemnessassociated reprogramming factors sall and klf indeed sall and klf were aberrantly expressed in the cdx IM of the stomach in both humans and mice in cultured gastric epithelial cells sustained expression of cdx gave rise to the induction of early intestinalstemness markers followed by the expression of intestinaldifferentiation markers furthermore the induction of these markers was suppressed by inhibiting either sall or klf expression indicating that cdxinduced sall and klf converted gastric epithelial cells into tissue stemlike progenitor cells which then transdifferentiated into intestinal epithelial cells our study places the stemnessrelated reprogramming factors as critical components of cdxdirected transcriptional circuitries that promote IM requirement of a transit through dedifferentiated stemprogenitorlike cells which share properties in common with CA stem cells may underlie predisposition of intestinal metaplasia to neoplastic transformation | MEDAL |
a new staged surgical approach to the treatment of BCS complicated by inferior vena caval one has been described the first stage consists of a mesoatrial shunt T3 an interval to allow hepatic decongestion reestablishment of caval flow and overall improvement in the status of the patient a portacaval shunt is established and the mesoatrial shunt removed such a staged procedure produced an excellent result in the patient reported upon in this study and represents a treatment option in similar patients with buddchiari syndrome complicated by one of the IVC | MEDAL |
activation of the glutathione gsh redox cycle with production of glutathione disulfide gssg has been shown to occur in the diaphragm during inspiratory resistive loading rb buthionine sulfoximine bso lowers tissue gsh by irreversibly inhibiting the ratelimiting synthesis enzyme gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase we investigated the effects of bso on rat diaphragm function both at rest and T3 a period of rb rats in the rb CG underwent inspiratory rb until they were unable to sustain of their maximal airway pressure a portion of the diaphragm was analyzed for gsh and gssg C2 and measurements of in vitro contractile properties included contraction times maximal tetanic tension po maximal twitch tension pt and force frequency curves bso treatment produced a profound SD of diaphragmatic gsh neither bso nor rb CT significantly altered diaphragm contractile properties at this load of rb but in bsorb rats there was a significant decrease in pt po and tetanic tension at all frequencies of stimulation compared with those in other groups these data reveal that animals treated with bso followed by inspiratory resistive loading exhibit marked diaphragm impairment suggesting that gsh may play an important role in protecting the diaphragm from the stress induced by this resistive breathing protocol | MEDAL |
idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis ippfe is a rare disease idiopathic in most of the cases described in the literature we report the case of a yearold patient nonsmoker with tuberculosis treated in his youth starting with progressive dyspnoea and cough with radiographic abnormalities consisting of pleural thickening bronchiectasis and structural distortion predominantly in the upper lobes due to PET impairment and persistent radiographic CA biopsy by videoassisted thoracoscopic surgical was decided the presence of striking elastosis absence of interstitial damage and abrupt boundary of the fibrous lesion with healthy lung allowed the diagnosis of ippfe currently the patient has no specific treatment and is in followup in the SPK unit | MEDAL |
the work of nasal PLB was determined in human subjects as a measure of impedance to respiratory airflow the nasal cavities were examined separately and simultaneously with a split mask flow and pressure signals were fed to a microprocessor for online computation and printout of respired volumes and work of nasal breathing an alternating resistive nasal cycle of hours duration was demonstrated in the majority of normal resting subjects reciprocity of the resistive changes in each nasal cavity maintained a constant total nasal respiratory work load of about jouleslitre moderate changes in breathing rate and tidal volume had little influence on work inspiratory work was times that of expiration increases in resistance of the dependent nostril were seen when the lateral decubitus position was adopted increase in cephalic venous pressure and pathological nasal obstruction increased the work of nasal breathing | MEDAL |
concentrations of aminopyridine hydrochloride in plasma of cattle were measured over an hour period following a bolus iv injection mgkg the drug was assayed by a gasliquid chromatographic method using a nitrogenphosphorus detector plasma aminopyridine hydrochloride vs time data best fit a compartment pharmacokinetic model distribution halflife was minutes beta halflife T2 volume of the V1 lkg volume of distribution based on total area lkg volume of CSD at steady state lkg and body clearance mlminkg | MEDAL |
the energy cost for maintenance of gradients of methylthiobetadgalactoside in escherichia coli was evaluated information was also obtained concerning the energy flow associated with gradient establishment under some circumstances SE flow was evaluated from transportinduced changes in the rate of heat evolution oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in metabolically active cells heats were measured with an isothermal calorimeter energy expenditure behavior was characterized by a transition that depended on the level of accumulation the data for steadystate maintenance could be rationalized in terms of the mitchell hypothesis two models for influx and efflux and a transition between them at low C2 of uptake steadystate protonmethylthiobetadgalactoside tmg symport for influx and efflux occurred via a nonenergyrequiring exchange process the only SE requirement was that necessary to pump back in any tmg exiting via a leakage pathway MM i above the transition all influx occurred with proton symport but all exit leak and carrier mediated occurred without proton symport model ii the htmg stoichiometric ratio computed for the region of model ii applicability carbon source present high level of uptake approached this value agreed with that of other workers for downhill betagalactoside flow suggesting that the EC for both downhill and uphill flow was approximately the same for low levels of uptake initial establishment of the gradient was followed by a burst of metabolism that was much larger than that expected on the basis of the chemiosmotic hypothesis in the absence of carbon source the stimulation in QO2 was sufficient to produce times more protons than are apparently necessary to establish the gradient the results indicate also that the nature of the biochemical process stimulated by tmg depends on its level of uptake insight into several aspects of the nature of these processes was provided through analysis of the heat oxygen and co data the key factor controlling the transition in energy flow SMB is suggested to be rate of flux the present data suggest that it occurs at a flux of approximately nmolmin per mg of protein | MEDAL |
the effect of ZD on the CF of the intestine to absorb water and electrolytes was studied in animal models stimulated by Vc enterotoxin spraguedawley rats used in the T0 were divided into four CG zincdeficient ad libitum zincfed control zinc weightmatched control and zincdeficient acutelyrepleted clabelled polyethylene glycol solution was used for measuring the absorption capacity of the small intestine significantly lower absorption of water and sodium per cm of the intestine was observed in the zincdeficient animals compared to the ad libitum zincfed control animals p an improved absorption capacity was equally observed in the zincdeficient acutelyrepleted animals and AL zincfed control group the zincdeficient animals showed four times greater cholera toxininduced net secretions of water and sodium compared to the AL zincfed group p while a reduction was observed in the zincdeficient acutelyrepleted group the results suggest that zinc deficiency is associated with reduced absorption of water and electrolytes and increased secretion of the same stimulated by cholera toxin | MEDAL |
nk cells gammadelta t cell antigen receptor chainpositive cells and cdcd NK t nt cells are involved in innate immunity and immunoregulation however their role in clinical infection is not well defined cytofluorometric analysis was used to examine IP blood from bacteremic nonbacteremic and healthy HIV virus hivpositive and negative persons in malawi africa mycobacteremia was associated with a higher proportion of cdcd gammadelta cells median vs for all other cells p and salmonella bacteremia was associated with a higher proportion of nt cells vs p hiv plasma rna C2 were weakly positively correlated with nt cells rs p nk cells rs p and gammadelta cells rs p compared with patients who survived patients who died had a higher percentage of nt cells vs p and a higher percentage of nt cells that spontaneously produced interferongamma vs p the data support the clinical relevance of gammadelta and nt cells in mycobacterial salmonella and hiv infections and of nt cells in mortality | MEDAL |
the prodrug pnnbischloroethylaminophenyl phosphate PH mustard phosphate pomp was prepared from pnnbischloroethylaminophenol PH mustard pom by phosphorylation with phosphoryl chloride followed by aqueous hydrolysis it was found that pomp was much less cytotoxic than pom when tested against h human lung and h human breast carcinoma cells in vitro i.c.v. of the h cells with lalkaline phosphatase lap a monoclonal antibody conjugate that could bind to CSA greatly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of pomp in an immunologically specific manner owing to its reduced toxicity in nude mice larger amounts of pomp compared to pom could be administered neither agent exhibited significant in vivo antitumor activity when tested against subcutaneous h PT in nude mice however antitumor activity was observed in animals receiving lap h prior to pomp administration this level of activity was greater than with the drugs CT or a combination of fap nonbinding control with pomp | MEDAL |
nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy is a rapidly emerging technology that can be used to assess tissue metabolic profile in the living animal at the present time no RPA has been developed to systematically identify profiles of key chemical alterations that can be used as biomarkers to diagnose diseases and to monitor disease progression and to assess mathematically the diagnostic SP of potential biomarkers to address this issue we have evaluated mathematical approaches that employ receiver operating characteristic roc curve analysis linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis to systematically identify key biomarkers from nmr spectra that have excellent diagnostic power and can be used accurately for disease diagnosis and monitoring to validate our mathematical approaches we studied the striatal concentrations of metabolites of r transgenic mice with huntingtons disease as well as those of wildtype wt mice which were obtained via in vivo proton nmr spectroscopy tesla we developed diagnostic biomarker models and clinical NC assessment models based on our three aforementioned mathematical approaches and we tested all of them first with the original mice and then with unknown mice their prediction results were compared with genotypingthe gold standard all models correctly diagnosed all of the original mice wt and r and all of the unknown mice wt and r with a positive likelihood ratio approximating infinity â â and with a negative likelihood ratio equal to zero | MEDAL |
appropriate treatment of a poisoned patient requires knowing the identity of the poison this review summarizes the methods for identifying poisoning by OP and carbamate poisons mass spectrometry methods identify the poison from the adducts they form with proteins in blood the most CS method uses KF to release the organophosphorus agent from its covalent binding to serine of human butyrylcholinesterase the released poison is identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry the drawback of this method is that it does not detect SE to agents such as soman because butyrylcholinesterase adducts with these agents age to a nonreactivatable form a method that detects both aged and nonaged organophosphylated adducts as well as carbamate adducts is one that digests butyrylcholinesterase with a protease and analyzes the modified peptide by mass spectrometry this method does not distinguish between poisons that have the same mass T3 reaction with butyrylcholinesterasefor example between exposure to chlorpyrifos oxon and paraoxon albumin forms a SD covalent bond with organophosphates on IMT the rate of reaction with Al is much slower than with butyrylcholinesterase but Al adducts persist for a longer time in the circulation they do not age and they do not release the organophosphate when a patient is treated with an oxime | MEDAL |
a heatsensitive hs arrested at degrees c multiplying at degrees c and a coldsensitive cs arrested at degrees c multiplying at degrees c cell cycle variant were isolated from an undifferentiated p murine mastocytoma L1 at the respective NPT both the hs and the cs variant cells were reversibly arrested with a dna content typical of g phase the cells of two cs variant subclones when exposed to the nonpermissive temperature of degrees c formed metachromatically staining granules with an ultrastructure resembling that of mature mast cells in addition the cellular hydroxytryptamine content underwent a marked increase and the cells responded to compound by degranulation as described for normal mast cells on the other hand in cells of two hs variant subclones essentially no MCG were detectable at either or degrees c as previously reported the cs cell cycle variant phenotype is expressed dominantly in heterokaryons obtained by fusing cs with wildtype cells whereas HS Tc variant cells similar to other HS mutants were found to behave recessively under these conditions thus the state of proliferative G0 induced in the cs cells at degrees c is qualitatively different from the state of Tc arrest observed in HS cells at degrees c and may represent a MM for proliferative G0 of differentiated cells in the IN organism | MEDAL |
we used enzymatically dissociated flexor digitorum brevis fdb and soleus fibres loaded with the fast ca dye magfluo am and adhered to laminin to test whether repetitive stimulation induces progressive changes in the kinetics of ca release and reuptake in a fibretypedependent fashion we applied a protocol of tetani of ms hz every s to reach a mean amplitude reduction of of the P1 morphology type i mti and morphology type ii mtii fibres underwent a total of and tetani p between groups respectively the mtii fibres n showed significant reductions of the amplitude an increase in rise time and a further reduction of the amplituderise time ratio of the P1 of the tetanic transient after tetani while mti MF n did not show any of these changes however both fibre types showed significant reductions in the Vmax of the P1 after tetani two subpopulations among the mtii MF could be distinguished according to ca reuptake changes fastfatigable mtii MF fmtii showed an increase of in the halfwidth value of the first peak while for fatigueresistant mtii fibres rmtii the increase amounted to both T3 tetani significant and NS increases of and in the first tau t values were seen after tetani in fmtii and rmtii fibres respectively mti MF did not show kinetic changes in any of the ca reuptake variables all changes were reversed after an average recovery of and min for mti and mtii MF respectively further experiments ruled out the possibility that the differences in the kinetic changes of the P1 of the ca transients between MF mti and mtii could be related to the inactivation of ca PR mechat of studies tested whether people can use awareness of ignorance to provide enhanced test consistency over time if they are allowed to place uncertain items into a dont know category for factual knowledge this did occur but for a range of other forms of knowledge relating to conceptual knowledge and personal identity no such effect was seen known unknowns would appear to be largely restricted to factual kinds of knowledge | MEDAL |
CBF microangiopathies based on arteriosclerosis are frequent in most cases microangiopathy is the result of long standing hypertension other risk factors however such as diabetes mellitus or disturbances of fatty metabolism may also be responsible the sequels of cerebral microangiopathy can be lacunar infarcts or subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy both status lacunaris and subcortical arterioslerotic encephalopathy can result in OD of PSD if they last for a long time particularly in these disorders however it is imperative to carry out preventive measures by influencing the vascular risk AF another RPA to therapy is offered by influencing the haemorrheological properties of the blood by means of vasoactive preparations | MEDAL |
NE cells are one of the epithelial populations in the prostate neuroendocrine differentiation ned has been observed in prostate CA in addition to small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and carcinoid tumors of the prostate PACs may have ned the incidence and clinical relevance of ned in prostatic adenocarcinoma is not clearly understood because of conflicting results in the reported studies and evaluation of ned is not routinely performed in clinical practice this review is an overall synthesis with an aim to develop a more comprehensive understanding and practical approach towards the current knowledge of NED in this review we are stratifying these lesions into separate subtypes based on histologic parameters such as tumor morphology NE cell density and CSD and clinical parameters we also want to identify current controversies and confusing issues not totally resolved in this topic for further investigations eventually a clearer understanding of this phenomenon and appropriate handling ned in prostate CA will benefit clinical practice | MEDAL |
a significant proportion of monoclonal igm rheumatoid factors rf from patients with MC express a kiiia l chainassociated CR idiotype termed b previously we reported the isolation from a patient with a monoclonal rf of a vk gene termed humkv whose deduced CAA CS differs by three and seven residues from the l chains of the bpositive rf les and pom respectively to further delineate the genetic basis of the b crossreactive idiotype we isolated from the same patient another vk gene termed humkv which differs from kv by only three bases over a stretch of nucleotides sequenced however kv has a stop codon at amino acid position and is thus a pseudogene therefore we screened a second genomic library from an unrelated individual and isolated two potential CF vk genes ie humkvh and humkvh which are highly rat to humkv all three potential PET vk genes differ from each other by one to six bases over a bp stretch and all encode the same vk region amino acid CS among the six bases by which humkvh differs from humkv two are in the conserved pentadecanucleotide region which is known to be important in the regulation of k l chain transcription in the future it will be important to ascertain the potential association of polymorphisms in the conserved pentadecanucleotide region with rf associated autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases | MEDAL |
laboratory diagnosis includes methods for direct microscopic demonstration of mycoplasma cells and antigens in animal and plant tissues or excreta and cell cultures methods for isolation and growth of mycoplasmas from the said sources and techniques for ID and classification of mycoplasma isolates by a determination of biochemical characteristics and b serological tests a great many techniques are available for each of these purposes some of them have been used routinely for several years other methods that appeared promising when they were first introduced have never obtained GA usage or they have more limited applications pertinent techniques will be reviewed and described for demonstration of mycoplasmas in tissues particular emphasis will be placed on immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tests attempts at isolation and cultivation of mycoplasmas should take into consideration the source collection and transport of materials elimination of growthinhibiting factors in animals and plant tissues special growth requirements of mycoplasmas and the importance of cloning of cultures as a preliminary to further characterization although a number of biochemical tests are available for GA characterization of mycoplasma isolates precise identification of the species can usually be made only by serological techniques for that purpose growth inhibition immunofluorescence and in the case of spiroplasmas the deformation test combine the advantages of being highly TPS and relatively easy to perform and hence have obtained most widespread usage | MEDAL |
the addition of m larginine to various teven bacteriophage S9 inactivated the virus S9 irreversibly the virus particles were even more sensitive to added darginine and lhomoarginine than to larginine but were unaffected by Arg analogues with either an altered carboxyl group or guanidyl group treatment of phage th with butanedione a reagent which specifically reacts with the guanidyl portion of Arg residues resulted in the apparent inactivation of most of the virus particles however T3 incubation of the treated particles at ph at c for hr in the absence of butanedione the original virus titer almost completely returned the reactivation was CR inhibited by the presence of m darginine it appeared that the virus protein coat was sufficiently plastic so that the initial conformational change resulting from the alteration of an arginine residue to possibly an ornithine residue was at least partially reversible and that the virus tail proteins then refolded to produce a SD and active virus particle these reactivated virus particles were not sensitive to inactivation by darginine but could now be rapidly inactivated by lornithine virus particles inactivated by arginine have altered tail structures they have contracted tail sheaths still attached to tail plates and still contain tail cores these properties of virus particles indicate that there is a free carboxyl group and a guanidyl group spatially equivalent to an arginine residue on one component of the virus tail which bind reversibly by means of polar linkages to another tail component these bonds maintain the integrity of the virus tail added arginine appears to compete with this ev Arg for the binding sites and then to favor an irreversible conformational change | MEDAL |
hypertension is associated with microcirculatory disturbance and erythrocyte deformability is a major determinant of the MC however impairment of ED in hypertensive patients in relation to antihypertensive treatment is unclear the present T0 aimed to investigate this impairment in HT under treatment using a highly CS and quantitative nickel mesh filtration technique | MEDAL |
spinocerebellar ataxias are a group of autosomal dominant cerebellar degenerative disorders which are characterized by clinical and genetic variability spinocerebellar ataxia type sca is less VL in clinical presentation than other scas we present a pediatric patient with and trinucleotide cag repeats within sca gene and no family history whose presentation mimicked kearnssayre syndrome kss we review the differential diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia with vision loss secondary to retinal pigmentary dystrophy this paper supports concept of a desirable clinical diagnosis to avoid multiple genetic or invasive testing in children with neurodegenerative disorders | MEDAL |
exocrine pancreatic CF and fat absorption were determined using a tubeless test in human immunodeficiency virus hiv antibody positive subjects males two females cdc criteria CG ii four iii one and iv in fat absorption was poor but in only three of these were the results indicative of pancreatic insufficiency and in all three this was mild in nine of the cases the results were compatible with SI malabsorption mild but not severe EPI may occur in acquired immune deficiency syndrome however fat malabsorption is more commonly associated with a SI cause | MEDAL |
as one of the most essential posttranslational modifications ptms of proteins proteolysis especially calpainmediated cleavage plays an important role in many biological processes including cell deathapoptosis cytoskeletal CR and the cell cycle experimental identification of calpain targets with bona fide cleavage CS is fundamental for dissecting the molecular mechanisms and biological roles of calpain cleavage in contrast to timeconsuming and laborintensive exp approaches computational prediction of calpain cleavage sites might more cheaply and readily provide useful information for further exp investigation in this work we constructed a novel software package of gpsccd calpain cleavage detector for the prediction of calpain cleavage sites with an accuracy of sensitivity of and specificity of with this software we annotated potential calpain cle to reconstruct diet in extinct taxa we assess the efficacy of dirichlet normal SE dne calculated for molar tooth surfaces for reflecting diet we evaluate dne which uses changes in normal vectors to characterize curvature by directly comparing this metric to metrics previously used in dietary inference we also test whether combining methods improves diet reconstructions the T0 sample consisted of lower mandibular second molars belonging to euarchontan taxa five shape quantification metrics were calculated on each molar dne shearing quotient shearing ratio relief index and orientation patch count rotated opcr statistical analyses were completed for each variable to assess effects of taxon and diet discriminant function analysis was used to assess ability of combinations of variables to predict diet values differ significantly by diets for all variables although shearing ratios and opcr do not distinguish statistically between insectivores and folivores or omnivores and frugivores combined analyses were much more effective at predicting diet than any metric alone alone relief index and dne were most effective at predicting diet opcr was the least effective CT but is still valuable as the only quantitative measure of surface complexity of all methods considered dne was the least methodologically CS and its effectiveness suggests it will be a valuable tool for dietary reconstruction | MEDAL |
to assess the risk of pressure ulcer development among hospitalized hivaids metod study quantitative descriptive with patients admitted to an infectious diseases hospital in curitibaprbr characterized clinical and epidemiological of patients using a data collection instrument and the braden scale data was compiled using excel® and a simple descriptive analysis | MEDAL |
recently the protostrongylid nematode parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has been reported in a new host species thinhorn sheep ovis dalli for the first time we completed the life cycle of p odocoilei in three stones sheep o dalli stonei and two thinhorn hybrids o dalli stonei x o dalli dalli each INF with thirdstage larvae from slugs deroceras laeve the prepatent period ranged from days to days and shedding of firststage larvae l peaked at l per gram of feces between and days postinfection a total of and AD p odocoilei were recovered from skeletal muscles of three stones sheep starting in the prepatent period all infected sheep lost weight and developed IP eosinophilia at wk before patency two thinhorn hybrids developed neurologic signs hind end ataxia loss of conscious proprioception and hyperesthesia that resolved at patency eosinophilic pleocytosis and antibody to parelaphostrongylus spp were detected in the CSF fluid of the affected sheep suggesting that the migration route of the muscleworm p odocoilei may involve the CNS system twenty DAT with ivermectin neurologic signs recurred and larval shedding ceased in one infected thinhorn hybrid whereas multiple treatments transiently suppressed but did not eliminate larval shedding in the other during patency two stones sheep with numerous eggs and larvae of p odocoilei in the lungs died of respiratory failure following anesthesia or exertion parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has widespread geographic CSD high prevalenceisualized by serial microct scans in live mice in addition multiple bony metastases with both osteolytic and osteoblastic features were successfully detected by microct bone lesions identified by microct were confirmed as metastases by histopathological examination microct may be used as an accurate noninvasive tool to detect and monitor exp bone and lung metastases in intact live nude mice | MEDAL |
glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world currently glaucoma is diagnosed as a progressive optic neuropathy with characteristic NVD and NFL damage usually associated with loss of visual CF the intraocular pressure iop is the most important risk factor for the disease although a significant proportion of patients do not have elevated iop other risk factors include older age african descent myopia and family history of the disease the ophthalmoscopic examination of the NVD is essential to identify the signs of glaucomatous optic neuropathy such as increased cupping neuroretinal rim thinning or optic disc hemorrhages glaucomatous visual field loss usually starts in the periphery and loss of central vision does not occur until late in the course of the disease visual function is most commonly assessed by SAP however as many as of nerve SF can be lost before the appearance of VF defects in this test newer technologies have been developed to find more CS ways to detect early glaucoma using both PET shortwavelength automated perimetry and frequencydoubling perimetry and structural scanning laser topography OCT and scanning laser polarimetry measurements the management of glaucoma is based on lowering the intraocular pressure to prevent further optic nerve damage currently there are five L1 classes of medications that are used to lower the intraocular pressure betaadrenergic antagonists adrenergic agonists parasympathomimetics prostaglandinlike analogues and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors the goal of therapy is to maintain adequate vision for patients during their lifetime keeping in mind the possible adverse effects of the drugs if additional lowering of iop is indicated or if medication fails to sufficiently lower the iop laser trabeculoplasty is usually the next step if iop is still not adequately controlled incisional glaucoma surgery is indicated neuroprotective agents which directly protect the optic nerve in glaucoma are being evaluated in PCTs | MEDAL |
the left VVI ejection time was studied by the external phonomechanocardiographic method on patients affected by myotonic dystrophy steinerts disease including men and women aged from to years with an average course for the neurological disease of years the case studied were those which demonstrated no signs of cardiac failure or of any disease liable to involve the HR the results were compared on the one hand with the normal figures according to blumberger to holldack and to nazzi ricco and meda and on the other hand with the theoretical values computed according to the regression equations of weissler harris and schoenfeld the changes of STIs mechanical systole of the left IVT there was a narrow relationship between the length of the course of the neurological disease and the incidence of heart involvement which seemed to be constant | MEDAL |
familial hypercholesterolemia fh and familial defective apolipoprotein b fdb represent ligandreceptor disorders that are complementary individuals with both fh and fdb are unusual we report a family with both disorders and the impact of the mutations on the phenotypes of the family members | MEDAL |
gastric cancer is the fourth most common CA in the world and second most common reason for cancer related death projections for the future predict that GC incidence will continue to rise risk AF for gastric cancer are helicobacter pylori h pylori infection host genetic AF and environmental factors h pylori is a class i carcinogen and responsible for of all gastric cancers of intestinal and diffuse type as well as gastric malt lymphoma from animal and MI studies we know that premalignant gastric lesions development and gastric CA can be prevented with early h pylori eradication in countries with gastric CA incidence higher than per year national screening for h pylori infection and eradication of all h pylori infections should be performed type of eradication therapy depends on local antimicrobial resistance rates quadruple Bi or non bismuth therapies can achive more than eradication rate the success of eradication therapy must be controlled with noninvasive test patients with extensive preneoplastic changes atrophy intestinal metaplasia should have endoscopic and histologic controls endoscopic screening should be performed in intervals according to the risk stratification by olga olgim staging system or ad staging system in countries with high GC incidence national screening with serological tests for pepsinogen i pgi pgipgii ratio and h pylori antibodies can select patients at higher risk for GC | MEDAL |
toxic environmental diseases are highly preventable causes of morbidity and mortality toxic diseases in the work environment cause an estimated to deaths and new cases of illness each year in the united states the asbestos pandemic will ultimately claim at least lives pediatric lead poisoning is epidemic and an estimated to million us preschool children have blood lead levels above microgramsdl and could suffer longterm neuropsychological impairment prevention of environmental diseases can be achieved through legislation and regulation that control commonsource exposures to chemical toxins modification of personal behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption complements but does not replace control of toxic environmental exposures | MEDAL |
sortilinrelated vps domain containing receptor sorcs is located on chromosome q a chromosomal region of interest in alzheimers disease ad defined by many genomewide and chromosomespecific studies recently three intronic SCV rs rs and rs within sorcs were reported to be associated with ad in caucasian in order to assess the involvement of the sorcs polymorphisms in the progression of lateonset ad load we conducted an independent replication T0 in unrelated northern han chinese subjects comprising load patients and healthy controls matched for gender and age the results revealed no significant differences in the distributions of TT or S2 between load and control CG in the total sample however when these data were stratified by the apolipoprotein e apoe ε status we observed significant differences in the genotypes and S2 frequencies rs p rs p rs p in apoe ε allele carriers moreover the association was further demonstrated in LR analysis rs p or rs p or rs p or and haplotype analysis gcc p att p acc p in this subset our data suggested that sorcs was in interaction with apoe in the development of load in a RNA han chinese population | MEDAL |
the erbb IB protein ebp is a transcriptional corepressor that inhibits the activity of proliferationassociated genes and the growth of human BCC lines treatment of breast CA cells with the erbb ligand heregulin hrg results in increased phosphorylation of ebp and transcriptional repression the pactivated serinethreonine kinase pak which plays an important role in breast cancer progression and resistance to the antioestrogen tamoxifen is also activated by hrg we therefore examined the ability of pak to phosphorylate and regulate the CF of ebp we found that pak phosphorylated ebp in vitro and mapped the phosphorylation site to threonine both hrg treatment and expression of a ca pak in mcf BCCs enhanced threonine phosphorylation of ebp in mcf cells ectopically expressed ebp bound endogenous pak and this association was enhanced by treatment with hrg mutation of the pak phosphorylation site to glu mimicking a phosphorylated state CR abrogated the ability of ebp to repress transcription inhibit growth of breast CA cell lines and contribute to tamoxifen sensitivity these studies demonstrate for the first time that ebp is a ATP of pak and the importance of the pak phosphorylation site for the PET activity of ebp in BCCs | MEDAL |
to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of submillisievert msv coronary ct angiography ccta using prospectively ecgtriggered highpitch spiral ct acquisition combined with iterative image reconstruction | MEDAL |
chronic renal failure is characterized by oxidant AS resulting in part from increased ROS species production by neutrophils plasma concentrations of methylglyoxal are increased in uraemia MG activates p mitogenactivated protein kinase mapk in EC cells activation of p mapk in neutrophils enhances ROS species production through exocytosis of intracellular storage LG we tested the hypothesis that methylglyoxal enhances reactive oxygen species production by activating p mapk in neutrophils | MEDAL |
the antioxidant responses of coffee coffea arabica l cell suspension cultures to nickel ni were investigated ni was very rapidly accumulated in the cells and the accumulation could be directly correlated with the increase of nicl concentration in the medium at mm nicl growth was stimulated but at mm nicl the growth rate was reduced an indication of alterations in the presence of ROS species was detected by an increase in lipid peroxidation at mm nicl catalase cat ec glutathione reductase gr ec ascorbate peroxidase apx ec guaiacol peroxidase gopx ec and superoxide dismutase sod ec MICs were increased particularly at earlier nicl exposure times and the activities were higher at mm nicl for most of exposure times tested nondenaturing page revealed one cat isoenzyme nine sod isoenzymes and four gr isoenzymes the sod isoenzymes were differentially affected by nicl treatment and one gr isoenzyme was increased by nicl nicl at mm did not induce lipid peroxidation and the main response aprenal insufficiency for determination of the prevalence of glomerular damage in sca and the clinical correlates of renal insufficiency AD patients with sca were studied hemoglobin ss and with other sickling hemoglobinopathies sc sd and sbeta thalassemia Al excretion rates aer and renal CF cockroftgault formula were determined and clinical and hematologic evaluations were conducted in hemoglobin ss disease increased aer micro and macroalbuminuria occurred in of adult patients and macroalbuminuria occurred in in other sickling disorders increased aer occurs in of adults and macroalbuminuria occurs in the OD of graded albuminuria was age dependent so at yr of patients with ss disease had macroalbuminuria there were no differences in hematologic parameters hemoglobin C2 white blood cell count percentage of reticulocytes platelet counts or lactate dehydrogenase levels between patients with normoalbuminuria and those with micro or macroalbuminuria by MVA albuminuria correlated with age and SS creatinine in ss disease but not with bp or hemoglobin levels in other sickling disorders albuminuria tended to be associated with age but not with hemoglobin or bp levels the diastolic bp was lower in patients with sca than in african american control subjects and the development of renal insufficiency which was present in of adults with ss disease was not accompanied by significant hypertension it is concluded that glomerular damage in adults with sca is very common and a majority of patients with ss disease are at risk for the development of progressive renal failure the OD of micro and macroalbuminuria is not related to the degree of anemia suggesting that sickle cell glomerulopathy is not solely related to hemodynamic adaptations to chronic anemia in contrast to other glomerulopathies the OD of SH is uncommon in ss disease with renal insufficiency | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was developing facilitator strategies in the teaching and learning process using recyclable materials in the medicalsurgical nursing discipline for students in a middle level course on the formation of nursing assistants T3 studying bibliographical references related to anatomy physiology and most common pathologies in the several systems of the human body the students selected the disposable recyclable materials for the confection of the main anatomical structures which made it possible the visualization of the morphologic alterations facilitating the understanding of the clinicsurgical diseases the use of these strategies enabled the acquisition of knowledge when they projected in something concrete result of the exchange of suggestions and experiences among the students favored by group work | MEDAL |
reliable methods for assessment of tissue reperfusion early after revascularizing therapy for AIM are needed MP imaging with tc sestamibi mibi mpi may serve this purpose usage during early reperfusion may be problematic eg due to ischaemic preconditioning ip which is important in inducing ischaemic tolerance it is mediated through the opening of mitochondrial k atp channels reducing mitochondrial membrane potential this may as well as ischaemia per se affect cellular uptake of tc sestamibi we therefore studied the reliability of mibi mpi during early reperfusion as a measure of infarct size and its reduction by ischaemic preconditioning | MEDAL |
the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of micrornaâ mirâ in isofluraneinduced learning and SM impairment in rats spragueâdawley rats were used for the construction of isofluraneâtreated models the morris water maze test was used to evaluate the effects of isoflurane on rats regarding the following parameters swimming speed escape RL and time in original quadrant influences of ISO on neuron apoptosis and mirâ expression in rat hippocampus tissue were analyzed by FC and reverse transcriptionâquantitative PCR reaction respectively furthermore lling hand skin temperatures it should be considered that regional skin temperature distribution differs in obese and NW people | MEDAL |
a patient developed a C1 perineal hernia and prolapse of a myocutaneous neovagina months T3 total pelvic exenteration for recurrent squamous cell CA of the cervix and gracilis myocutaneous vaginal reconstruction the neovagina was removed and the pelvic floor defect was repaired with preserved human dura twelve months postoperatively the patient remained asymptomatic current and potential uses for human dura allografts are discussed | MEDAL |
cytokinindependent tobacco nicotiana tabacum tissue was grown in the presence of BA benzylaminopurine labeled in the phenyl ring with h and in the position of the purine ring with c the hc ratio of nbenzyladenosine recovered from labeled tobacco callus tRNA preparations was compared with the corresponding ratio for nbenzyladenine supplied in the medium by this means with suitable controls the incorporation of the synthetic cytokinin BA into the tRNA of tobacco callus tissue was shown to involve the intact moiety the observed level of incorporation was up to one nbenzyladenosine molecule per in vr simulation studies music has generally been incorporated as ambiance this is partially due to difficulties with manipulating it interactively in realtime while maintaining a sensible musicality this paper discusses how algorithmically generated music is used to provide ambiance characterize the visual representation of molecular particle flow provide orientation cues to the user and enhance recognition of chemical gradient balances in a reified model of the kidney nephron the technical obstacles related to the use of music in this context are also addressed | MEDAL |
hypertension affects nearly onethird of all individuals in the us yet onehalf of all treated patients achieve blood pressure bp controlled to recommended goals the percentage of patients with uncontrolled bp is likely to be much higher when considering the number of patients who are not even aware of their hypertensive state elevated bp is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and endorgan damage antihypertensive monotherapy is not always sufficient to achieve bp goals and thus more aggressive treatment regimens need to be considered antihypertensive combination therapy which may improve tolerability offers the benefit of targeting different mechanisms of action numerous outcomes studies support the use of a reninangiotensin system inhibitor as a firstline choice in antihypertensive therapy this review discusses the benefits of combination therapy with the angiotensin type ii receptor blocker olmesartan medoxomil om paired with the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide hctz the pharmacokinetic properties of om will be reviewed in addition to tau studies that support om hctz combination therapy over other possible antihypertensive combinations finally a rationale for choosing hctz over another diuretic chlorthalidone will also be discussed based on pharmacokinetic differences clinical concerns and trends in use | MEDAL |
following the localization at the electron microscope level of the immunoreactivity towards a putative kainate receptor on bergmann glial cells in the chick cerebellar SC cultures of bergmann glia were used to establish the presence of PET kainate receptorchannels and study their properties bergmann glia were identified by their fusiform morphology and their ability to bind an antikainate IB protein monoclonal antibody a kainate receptor high affinity ligandkainylbovine serum albuminand a glial markerantivimentin monoclonal antibody CM prepared from the culture cells displayed using nm hkainate the binding of pmol of hkainatemg protein and showed the presence in western blots of the two polypeptides of and kda attributed to the kainate binding protein kainate at concentrations above mm was found to increase the influx into cultured bergmann glia of na rb ca and cl ions the traffic of na induced by kainate and glu observed only in the presence of mm ouabain was blocked by kainate receptor antagonists and by mm quisqualate analysis of the kinetics of incorporation of na and ca ions showed an initial accumulation of na and ca ions followed by their total dissipation the results indicate that the kainateinduced influx of na ions through the kainate receptorchannel causes the reverse transport of na ions by activation of the naca and nah exchangers which remove intracellular na ions preexposure of the cells to mm dibutyryl camp was found to greatly enhance the kainateinduced na ion influx rt failure ten males mean age years with chronic HF underwent hour pressure recording using a micromanometer tipped catheter with in vivo calibration and frequency modulated recording eight patients were taking diuretics and vasodilators blood was drawn for catecholamines plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic peptide hour before catheterisation h at the time of catheterisation h and and hours later and aldosterone cortisol and growth hormone at and hours analysis of variance was used to determine changes in pulmonary arterial pressure heart rate and hormones from the time of catheterisation in lying sitting and standing postures there was no significant NC in pulmonary arterial pressure or HR rate over the hours following or hours T3 catheterisation in any posture in the majority of patients plasma noradrenaline plasma renin activity atrial natriuretic peptide aldosterone and cortisol were elevated there was no significant NC in hormone levels during the hours following catheterisation these findings suggest that the effect of invasive haemodynamic monitoring and chronic medical therapy on CE haemodynamics is minor and that a delay between insertion of catheters and measurement of pressure is unnecessary | MEDAL |
studies in animals have suggested that increases in blood flow result in dilation of large arteries by an endotheliumdependent mechanism atherosclerosis can impair endotheliumdependent vasodilation to vasoactive agents the purpose of this study was to determine whether or not C1 CAs in humans exhibit dilation with increases in blood flow and to test the hypothesis that this response is impaired in the presence of atherosclerosis graded concentrations of adenosine were infused into the distal LAD lad PD to test the dilator response of the PT lad to increases in blood flow the PT lad was thereby exposed to changes in blood flow but not directly to adenosine ten patients with angiographically smooth proximal lad segments group and seven patients with irregularities in the PT lad consistent with mild atherosclerosis group were studied infusions of adenosine throughout the range of to mgmin into the lad produced a dosedependent increase in estimated coronary blood flow and a mean increase of at mgmin adenosine at mgmin adenosine a striking difference p less than occurred between the significant flowmediated dilation of the proximal lad observed in group from mm p less than and the lack of dilation in group from mm p ns despite a greater increase in coronary blood flow in group than in group abstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
dermatofibromas are common lesions that are often associated with epidermal hyperplasia and basal layer hyperpigmentation a single case of lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia overlying a dermatofibroma has been reported however nevi and melanoma have to the best of our knowledge not been previously reported we present cases of melanocytic lesions associated with dermatofibromas the clinical data and hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were obtained and formalinfixed PET was immunostained with antibodies against s mart factor xiiia and cd there were nine females and five males ranging in age from to years and anatomic CS included back five arm six flank two and leg one the clinical diagnosis ranged from DF to DM histologically the melanocytic lesions included junctional compound and dermal nevi and malignant melanoma in situ in four cases the dermal component appeared to merge with the dermatofibroma in the case of the MIS the dermatofibroma abutted the epidermis immunohistochemically the melanocytic lesions were s mart fxiiia and the dermatofibromas were smart fxiiia melanocytic neoplasia may appear in association with dermatofibromas the fibrohistiocytic proliferation may be misinterpreted as a spindle or pleomorphic melanocytic process awareness of this association will aid in the correct diagnosis and immunohistochemical studies will help in the differentiation of these two cell populations | MEDAL |
ulcerative colitis uc and crohns disease cd is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology characterized by periods of remission and acute episodes of relapse with severe inflammation in the Tc mucosa conventional treatments for uc and cd include aminosalicylate corticosteroid elemental dietary treatment corticosteroid and thiopurine azathioprine recently new immunomodulators and antitnfa agents such as tacrolimus infliximab and adalimumab have been developed and these treatments are available to be treated for patients with refractory uc and cd conventional stepup treatment has been replaced by topdown treatment using biologics infliximab and adalimumab induce not only clinical remission but also improve relapse rates and surgical rates endoscopic mucosal healing predicts short and longprognosis for both of these diseases thus recent treatment strategy should be aimed for endoscopic remission although biologics is useful for patients with uccd secondary loss of responses lor for biologics has been partly observed in cd patients measuring antiinfliximab antibodies and concentration of infliximab trough level may help considering treatment strategy for patients with lor | MEDAL |
thirty patients male female age range with GB gb masses or thickened gb wall found by realtime sonography were studied by duplex and CD ultrasonography all the patients were confirmed pathologically after surgery seven of patients with primary gb malignancy adenocarcinoma malignant FH showed high velocity arterial blood flow signal vabfs in the tumor masses no vabfs was observed in patients metastatic adenocarcinoma adenoma polyps all the patients with primary gb carcinoma masses wall thickening showed high vabfs in the gb wall in contrast no vabfs was found in the gb wall in patients with M1 gb carcinoma in patients with benign gb lesion adenoma polyps xanthogranuloma chronic cholecystitis subacute cholecystitis only polyps xanthogranuloma chronic cholecystitis subacute cholecystitis demonstrated low vabfs high vabfs in the gb masses or gb wall a significant feature of primary gb carcinoma is helpful in differentiating primary gb carcinoma from M1 and benign gb lesion | MEDAL |
the present review describes a role for the dorsal striatum in extinction evidence from BB lesion and pharmacological studies indicate that the dorsolateral region of the striatum dls mediates extinction in various maze learning and instrumental learning tasks within the context of a multiple SM systems view the role of the dls in extinction appears to be selective specifically the dls mediates extinction of habit SM and is not required for extinction of cognitive SM thus extinction mechanisms mediated by the dls may involve responseproduced inhibition eg inhibition of existing stimulusresponse associations or formation of new inhibitory stimulusresponse associations as opposed to cognitive mechanisms eg changes in expectation evidence also suggests that nmdadependent forms of synaptic STDP may be part of the mechanism through which the dls mediates extinction of habit memory in addition in some learning situations dls inactivation enhances extinction suggesting a competitive interaction between multiple SM systems during extinction training consistent with a multiple memory systems perspective it is suggested that the dls represents one of several distinct neural systems that specialize in extinction of different kinds of memory the relevance of these findings to the development of behavioral and pharmacological therapies that target the maladaptive habitlike symptoms in human psychopathology is also briefly considered | MEDAL |
the protein c activator pca detectable in the venom of agkistrodon contortrix contortrix accv southern copperhead by TPS immunochromometric assay and AC activity has been isolated and partially characterized chromatography of the crude venom on spsephadex followed by con a sepharose and finally on hydroxylapatite was necessary to achieve an electrophoretically pure product the isolated pca is a single chain glycoprotein with strong positive charge and an apparent molecular weight of it had an immediateinhibiting effect on the activated PTT time aptt of normal plasma with no noticeable effect on the prothrombin time its prolonging effect on the aptt was dependent on protein c and it appeared to interfere with the contact mechanism rather than with AF v and viii it had enzymatic activity on some tripeptide chromogenic substrates CS to thrombin and kallikrein when mixed with NP it generated activity on substrates sensitive to G1 protein c and should be useful for studies of protein c | MEDAL |
the isolation of influenza viruses is important for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in lower animals and humans for the PCD of the infecting agent in surveillance programs and is an essential PE in the development and production of vaccine since influenza is caused by a zoonotic virus it is necessary to do surveillance in the reservoir species aquatic waterfowls intermediate hosts quails pigs and in affected mammals including humans two of the hemagglutinin ha subtypes of influenza a viruses h and h can evolve into HP hp strains for gallinaceous poultry some hp h and h strains cause lethal infection of humans in waterfowls low pathogenic avian influenza lpai isolates are obtained primarily from the cloaca or feces in domestic poultry the virus is more often recovered from the RT than from cloacal samples in mammals the virus is most often isolated from the RT and in cases of high pathogenic avian influenza hpai from the blood and internal organs of infected birds virus isolation procedures are performed by inoculation of clinical specimens into embryonated eggs primarily chicken eggs or onto a variety of primary or continuous tissue SC systems successful isolation of influenza virus depends on the quality of the sample and matching the appropriate SC method to the sample type | MEDAL |
tempooxidized konjac glucomannan okgm was developed as new material for preparing vegetarian hard capsules okgm of different degrees of oxidation do do and do were prepared to select optimum do for capsule formation ftir results proved that the primary alcohol CG on kgm were Ox into carboxyl groups xrd analysis suggested that tempooxidation decreased the crystallinity of kgm do was considered as the optimum candidate for capsule preparation owing to its superior solubility transparency and reduced viscosity the hydrophilicity of okgm films measured by CA measurement increased with increasing do the elongation at break and TS of the okgm films enhanced with increasing do in vitro drug dissolution profile of okgm capsules showed that the shell rupture time of do capsule is about min and of the drugs were released within min thus do okgm was qualified to be used for gastric soluble hard capsules | MEDAL |
the cellular and molecular events leading to calcification in atherosclerotic lesions are unknown we and others have shown that boneassociated proteins particularly matrix gla protein mgp and osteopontin op can be detected in atherosclerotic lesions thus suggesting an AS calcification process in the present study we aimed to determine whether human V1 smooth muscle cells vsmcs could calcify in vitro and to determine whether mgp and op have a role in vascular calcification we established that human aortic vsmcs and placental microvascular pericytes spontaneously form nodules in CC and induce calcification as detected by von kossas method alizarin red s staining and electron microscopy the cells in calcifying nodules differed from those in monolayer cultures by expressing higher levels of the smc markers alphasm actin smalpha and calponin in addition northern blot analysis revealed that in human vsmcs calcification was associated with increased levels of mgp mrna in contrast op mrna was barely detectable in calcified human vsmcs and pericyte nodules nor was op protein detected suggesting that op was not necessary for calcification to occur these studies reveal that human vsmcs are capable of inducing calcification and that mgp may have a role in human VC | MEDAL |
irradiation therapy for lung cancer is mostly restricted to conventional methods to improve therapeutic ratio we have combined a treatment planning and a GT approach threedimensional conformal radiotherapy is described as carried out by methods of gene therapy for radiation protection using the manganesesuperoxidedismutase transgene delivered by inhalation gene transfer these methods may improve therapeutic outcomes in lung CA | MEDAL |
two cases are described in which damage to the brain stem was associated with extensive nenal plasma flow true changes in renin secretion rate being much more difficult to detect although it is a little early to say how much information can be derived from saralasin infusions caution must be exercised in necessarily assuming that the test accurately reflects subsequent surgical response | MEDAL |
protein disulphide isomerase pdi is a unique polypeptide which resides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and also functions as the betasubunit of prolyl hydroxylase as a cellular thyroid hormonebinding protein as the smaller S1 of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein complex as a dehydroascorbate reductase and as a protein that binds various MMP in a TPS manner we have recently demonstrated that the promoter of the pdi gene contains six ccaat boxes and other elements which are needed for efficient transcription we now demonstrate that purified human recombinant transcription factor sp interacts with two perfect gggcgg sequences and three other gcrich elements of the pdi promoter sp also appears to participate in the regulation of pdi mRNA since overexpression of sp stimulated pdi promoter activity in hela cells and mutations introduced into each of these spbinding CS separately reduced the promoter strength although even the largest decrease was only about these results support our view that expression of the gene for this polypeptide with multiple functions is secured by several regulatory elements some of which are functionally redundant | MEDAL |
the number of gabaergic SN as determined by gad immunocytochemistry and total SN as determined from nissl S9 were counted and classified at the light microscopic level in the inferior colliculus ic of the genetically epilepsy prone rat gepr and the nonepileptic spraguedawley sd strain of rat gadpositive SN are abundant in the ic and a significant increase in the number of gadpositive neurons occurs in the gepr as compared to the sd in all three subdivisions however the most pronounced difference occurs in the VP lateral portion of the central nucleus where there is a selective increase in the small and mediumsized gabaergic somata microns in diameter and microns in diameter respectively as determined from nissl preparations an increase in total numbers of neurons also occurs thus a increase in the number of small SN and a increase in the number of mediumsized SN occur in the adult gepr as compared to the sd rat a statistically significant increase in the numbers of small SN also occurred in the ic of the young gepr at days of age a increase in the number of small SN was found and at days of age this increase was the numbers of the medium and large neurons were similar in the older group of rats these data suggest that the increase in cell number observed in the AD gepr is not compensatory to the seizure activity but may either be genetically programmed or be a failure of cell death based on other studies of genetic models of epilepsy we propose that the additional gabaergic neurons may disinhibit excitatory PNs in the ic | MEDAL |
encephalitogenic TA invade the brain during neuroinflammation such as multiple sclerosis ms inducing damage to myelin sheaths and oligodendrocytes only recently neuronal structures were reported to be a crucial target in the disease here twophoton microscopy using ionsensitive dyes revealed that within the complex cellular network of living brain tissue proteolipid protein plpspecific TA and TA recognizing the nonmurine antigen ovalbumin ova directly and independently of the H-2 complex mhc contact SN in which they induce calcium oscillations t cell contact finally resulted in a lethal increase in neuronal calcium levels this could be prevented by blocking both perforin and glu receptors for the first time our data provide direct insight into the activity of TA in the living BB and their detrimental impact on SN | MEDAL |
novel highaffinity lowcapacity IB sites in intestinal CM for the heatstable toxin produced by escherichia coli have been defined the appearance of these sites is observed in the presence of physiological concentrations of nacl in IB reactions scatchard analyses of equilibrium IB in the absence of nacl demonstrated a single class of IB CS with kd x m and bmax pmolmg of protein in contrast similar experiments in the presence of nacl demonstrated in addition to the previously described lowaffinity site a highaffinity site with a kd of x m and a bmax of fmolmg of protein confirmation of the presence of high and lowaffinity sites was obtained in studies of the kinetics of st IB these sites exhibited similar dissociation but markedly different association kinetics determination of the association and dissociation constants permitted calculation of the kds for the high and lowaffinity sites which were x m and x m respectively these data agree closely with those obtained in studies of equilibrium IB furthermore similar values for the kds of these CS were obtained in experiments of competitive displacement of labeled st confirming the presence of two receptors for this toxin binding of st to highaffinity sites is completely reversible and does not appear to be coupled to activation of particulate guanylate cyclase in contrast binding of st to lowaffinity CS appears to be partially reversible and may be coupled to activation of guanylate cyclaseabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the BB represents a crucial site of failure in limiteddisease ld smallcell LC sclc however no data about correlation between response of primary RT to chemoradiotherapy crt and BM bmfree survival time in ld sclc are available a total of ld sclc patients with initial performance score of who were successfully treated with crt prophylactic cranial irradiation pci was applied after complete response cranial mri was performed in patients at initial diagnosis in complete responders before pci and by individual symptoms a total of patients developed bm after crt of them developed bms T3 pci ten patients show bm after complete after partial and T3 nonresponse of primary RT p to applied crt bmfree survival time for the entire cohort was days ci days ci in CR days ci in partial and days ci in nonresponders p pci prolonged bmfree survival time in complete NR days ci with pci versus days ci without pci p versus days ci for partial and nonresponders the duration of bmfree survival was shown to correlate with longterm outcome in the pearson and spearmans tests p the response of primary tumor to crt strongly affects duration of bmfree survival in ld sclc and should be considered by planning of the timing of pci | MEDAL |
VE growth factor vegf is a main regulator of blood vessel growth and plays an important role in promoting endothelial survival and maintaining the microvasculature the kidney is a highly vascularized organ and has two important microvasculatures glomerular and peritubular capillaries loss of these capillaries is strongly associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease ckd to endstage renal disease in several kidney disease animal models vegf expression in the kidney is decreased and administration of vegf is protective recent clinical observations revealed that blocking vegf by endogenous inhibitor soluble flt in preeclampsia and monoclonal antibody against vegf in CA patients cause PU and renal dysfunction however plasma vegf C2 in diabetic nephropathy patients are increased and blocking vegf improved diabetic nephropathy in animal models increased plasma vegf C2 have been reported in ckd patients deleterious effects of vegf have been demonstrated in atherosclerosis and sepsis which are frequent complications in ckd patients although administrating vegf or novel drugs that activate vegf pathway may improve the progression of ckd careful monitoring will be required when ckd patients have complications of diabetes atherosclerosis or sepsis | MEDAL |
urban Az characterized by high spatial and temporal R2 in air pollution C2 require implementation of comprehensive approaches to address SE of individuals the main objective of this study was to implement a quantitative assessment of individual SE to BZ in urban environments for this purpose exposition model based on a global positioning system gps tracking approach was applied to estimate individual SE in different microenvironments the current investigation provides an application example and validation of the modeling RPA against personal and biological exposure measurements collected during the measurements campaign the probabilistic RPA using the johnson system of distributions was implemented to characterize R2 of indoor concentrations the results obtained for daily average individual exposure to BZ corresponded to mean C2 of and μgm in terms of thth percentiles validation of the MM results against several personal SE samples collected for the selected individuals revealed a pearsons rho coefficient of this modeling RPA explicitly addressed the temporal and spatial variability in the SE and established a sourcereceptor relationship | MEDAL |
in the early stages of brain carcinogenesis induced by transplacental administration of nethylnnitrosourea to bd ix rats a constant increase in the activity of cerebral diamine oxidase the ratelimiting enzyme in terminal catabolism of PAs was observed gliomas which developed between the fifth and eight month of extrauterine life showed an fold increase in CEA compared with normal BB from rats of the same age concomitantly an fold enhancement in putrescine a physiological substrate of diamine oxidase was also found such findings indicate that an increase in oxidative putrescine catabolism via DAO takes place in transformed cells and in gliomas and is probably linked to an activation of polyamine synthesis and turnover | MEDAL |
in the generation of the acutely transforming avian HTLV e both myb and ets genes have been transduced leading to the production of a gagmybets F0 protein this cooccurrence of vmyb and vets oncogenes suggests that the two might have a PET relationship to look for such a relationship we tested the transcriptional activation activity of myb alone or with coexpressed ets or ets using the promoter of the vmybinducible mim gene as a target we found that FL cmyb gene products were poor activators of transcription while an oncogenic truncated form of this protein was a strong transactivator however coexpression of ets with fulllength or truncated forms of myb greatly increased transactivation coexpression of ets fos jun or myc with myb did not increase TA of the mim promoter the ability of myb and ets to transactivate was cooperative since ets alone gave little or no activation bacterially synthesized ets protein was found to bind specifically to the mim promoter suggesting that it may be a target for both myb and ets proteins thus myb and ets proteins can cooperate in transcriptional activation and their cooccurrence in the e virus may reflect a functional relationship between these two oncoproteins truncated forms of myb may have a reduced need for cooperating factors such as ets and this might constitute an important mechanism associated with oncogenic activation | MEDAL |
the histological and ultrastructural findings in the ciliary ganglion of glaucomatous patients show proliferation of the satellite cells vacuolate degeneration of the cytoplasma with loss of the mitochondria and ergastoplasma and necrosis of the nucleus with decrease of chromatin | MEDAL |
in a study of cases of neonatal tetanus nnt admitted into the university of calabar teaching hospital per cent were also found to have septicaemia the dominant organisms were coliforms and staphylococcus aureus a comparison of the clinical features of the septicaemic and nonsepticaemic neonates showed UC infection to be an indicator of septicaemia there was no significant difference in the CF rates of the two groups of patients and the overall case fatality was low per cent this is attributable to early diagnosis and treatment of the septicaemia cases it is suggested that paediatricians should have a high index of suspicion of septicaemia among cases of nnt as a means of reducing case fatality | MEDAL |
autoimmune diseases cause significant and chronic morbidity and disability the actual number of persons in the united states that are affected by AD and the resultant magnitude of their impact on the publics health are limited to a few TPS diseases in order to understand the clinical public health and economic importance of these diseases it is necessary to have estimates of incidence and prevalence rates in the population in this analysis we estimate the number of persons affected by AD in the united states by applying mean weighted prevalence and incidence rates obtained from published articles to u s census data the study was restricted to autoimmune predefined diseases for which there was direct or indirect evidence for autoimmune pathogenesis subsequently we used computerized search software and ancestry searching bibliographies to conduct a comprehensive search of articles published from to the present eligible studies included those which adhered to standard disease definitions and which included populationbased estimates of incidence or prevalence rates mean weighted incidence and prevalence rates were calculated from eligible published studies with greater weight proportionately given to larger studies the mean rates were then applied to the us census population figures to estimate the number of persons currently afflicted with each disease and the number of new cases occurring each year in the united states only us and EU studies were used to estimate prevalence and incidence rates when there were at least six eligible studies available for a disease when there were fewer than six studies all available studies were included regardless of country of origin the number of eligible incidence and prevalence studies found in the literature varied considerably between the AD selected the largest number of eligible prevalence studies were conducted on multiple sclerosis ms rheumatoid ICA and SLE erythematosus sle followed by insulindependent diabetes iddm MG PBC and scleroderma there were only one to four eligible studies done on other diseases and no prevalence studies on diseases incidence studies were less frequent but the largest number of studies were conducted on iddm n and ms n followed by graves diseasehyperthyroidism glomerulonephritis PBC rheumatic fever rheumatoid arthritis scleroderma and sle on the other diseases there were one to six eligible studies and no studies on diseases there were no eligible incidence or prevalence studies on goodpastures syndrome idiopathic TP purpura or relapsing polychondritis overall we estimate that persons in the united states or approximately in americans are currently afflicted with one of these AD the diseases with the highest prevalence rates were graveshyperthyroidism iddm pernicious anemia RA ICA thyroiditis and vitiligo comprising an estimated people or of the total number estimated glomerulonephritis ms and sle added an estimated people the prevalence of the other diseases reviewed were rare less than most diseases were more common in women from the incidence data we estimate that americans will develop an autoimmune disease in and that approximately new cases of these AD occur in the united states every years women were at times greater risk than men to acquire an autoimmune disease after reviewing the medical literature for incidence and prevalence rates of AD we conclude that many autoimmune diseases are infrequently studied by epidemiologists as a result the total burden of disease may be an underestimate abstract truncated | MEDAL |
the present experiment was performed to examine the role of serotonergic mechanisms in the control of copulation and the postejaculatory refractory period in the male rat disruption of central serotonergic systems in two separate CG of animals was achieved by selective electrolytic lesions of the midbrain raphe nuclei or localized intraventricular or intracerebral i.t. of a specific serotonergic neurotoxin dihydroxytryptamine dht a third group of animals was tested for sexual SMB following intraperitoneal injection of pchlorophenylalanine pcpa an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis both electrolytic and neurochemical lesions localized in the dorsal raphe nucleus produced a highly significant shortening of the ejaculatory latency and the postejaculatory refractory period disruption of serotonergic mechanisms following intraventricular i.t. of dht or SVR administration of pcpa also caused a significant reduction in the length of the refractory period these results support the hypothesis that central serotonergic systems are normally inhibitory to certain facets of male copulatory SMB and suggest the existence of a serotonergic control system which normally exerts an inhibitory influence over the resumption of mating following ejaculation | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to determine the effect of the dietary antioxidant VE on hepatocarcinogenesis by peroxisome proliferators which it is hypothesized induce tumors by increased production of hydrogen peroxide or other ROS rats were fed diets containing the peroxisome proliferator CIP and one of three concentrations or ppm of alphatocopheryl acetate for months or months the incidence of hepatic PT and the number and volume of gammaglutamyltranspeptidasepositive atpasenegative glucosephosphatasenegative and glucosephosphatasepositive foci were quantified no PT or altered hepatic foci were seen at months but at months the incidence of hepatic tumors and the number and volume of altered hepatic foci were increased in rats fed higher C2 of VE indices of oxidative damageconcentrations of malonaldehyde conjugated dienes and lipidsoluble fluorescence productswere not affected or were lower in rats fed higher amounts of vitamin e the enhancing effect of vitamin e on the OD of AHF and hepatic tumors therefore was not related to the induction of cellular oxidative damage hepatic peroxisomal FAO and VC concentrations were not affected by vitamin e whereas the glutathione concentration was decreased in rats fed higher amounts of vitamin e this T0 shows that increasing the vitamin e content of the diet enhances ciprofibrateinduced hepatocarcinogenesis but the mechanism of this effect is unclear | MEDAL |
residuefree decontaminants based on hydrogen peroxide which decomposes to water and oxygen in the environment are examined as decontaminants for chemical warfare agents cwa for the apparent special case of cwa on concrete ho CT without any additives effectively decontaminates sdiisopropylaminoethyl oethyl methylphosphonothioate vx pinacolyl methylphosphorofluoridate gd and bischoroethyl sulfide hd in a process thought to involve ho activation by surfacebound carbonatesbicarbonates known ho activators for cwa decontamination a plethora of products are formed during the ho decontamination of hd on concrete and these are characterized by comparison to synthesized authentic compounds as a potential residuefree decontaminant for surfaces other than concrete or those lacking adsorbed carbonatebicarbonate ho activation for cwa decontamination is feasible using residuefree nh and co as demonstrated by reaction studies for vx gd and hd in homogeneous solution although honhco hpac decontaminants are AS for cwa decontamination in solution they require testing on actual surfaces of interest to assess their true efficacy for surface decontamination | MEDAL |
autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise apre is a method by which athletes increase strength by progressing at their own pace based on daily and weekly variations in performance unlike traditional linear periodization lp where there is a set increase in intensity from week to week this study examined whether weeks of apre was more ERP at improving strength compared with traditional lp in division i college football players we compared division collegiate football players training years who were TR using either apre n or lp n during weeks of preseason training in separate years after weeks of training improvements in total BP RM rm squat rm and repeated lb bench press repetitions were compared between the apre and lp protocol groups analysis of variance anova and analysis of covariance ancova were used to determine differences between groups statistical significance was accepted at p or autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise demonstrated greater improvement in rm bench press strength apre n vs lp n ancova f p estimated rm squat strength apre n vs lp n anova f p and the number of repetitions performed at a weight of lb apre vs lp repetitions ancova f p compared with the lp group over the week training period our findings indicate that the apre was more effective than the lp means of programming in increasing the BP and squat over a period of weeks | MEDAL |
the potential for pollution from As chromium and copper in chromated copper arsenate cca treated wood waste was assessed using two lysimeter studies the first utilised lysimeters containing soil and cca wood waste mulch exposed to NK conditions over a five month period the second T0 used the same lysimeter setup in a regulated greenhouse setting with a manual watering regime woodchip soil and leachate samples were evaluated for arsenic chromium and copper concentrations resultant concentration dcancer management programs in the blood of CA patients the presence and potent utilities of circulating tumor cells ctcs and cellfree nucleic acids cfnas such as dna mrna and microrna have been recognized and their clinical relevance is attracting considerable attention in this review we discuss recent developments in this research field as well as the relevance and future perspectives of ctcs and cfnas in CA patients especially focusing on gc | MEDAL |
for e coli cells growth to a critical mass leads to initiation of chromosome replication initiation requires atpbound dnaa protein together with replication proteins replication is followed by decatenation and monomerization of sisterchromosome molecules sister chromosomes are rapidly partitioned into opposite halves of the cell perhaps by a kinesinlike protein mukb cytokinesis starts with the formation of a ring of a gtpbinding protein ftsz usually around the cell center a specific enzyme pbp and other proteins ftsq ftsa ftsl ftsw are responsible for the coordinate ingrowth of the peptidoglycan cell wall at this location enva protein is required to split the resultant crosswall to form new cellrichia coli and recombinant mature truncated neutrophil collagenase remnct was produced at high levels approx of total bacterial protein the remnct protein was extracted from inclusion bodies by CMS in m urea followed by ionexchange chromatography the protein was refolded to an active conformation in the presence of ca and zn a final purification step on sizeexclusion chromatography yielded mg per liter of active remnct with minor autodegradative products alternatively hydroxamate AC was used to obtain pure nondegraded remnct mg per liter the catalytic activity of remnct was abolished by known mmp inhibitors and the ki measurement against actinonin was similar to that of hnc prepared from human blood | MEDAL |
this paper is the second part of a continuing study of straightchannel microchannel plate mcpbased xray detectors such detectors are a useful diagnostic tool for twodimensional timeresolved imaging and TR xray spectroscopy to interpret the data from such detectors it is critical to develop a better understanding of the behavior of mcps biased with subnanosecond voltage pulses the subject of this paper is a MC computer code that simulates the electron cascade in a mcp channel under an arbitrary pulsed voltage particularly those pulses with widths comparable to the transit time of the electron cascade in the mcp under dc Vc bias we use this code to study the gain as a function of time also called the gate profile or optical gate for various Vc PP shapes including pulses measured along the mcp in addition experimental data of mcp behavior in pulsed mode are obtained with a shortpulse uv laser comparisons between the simulations and exp data show excellent PA for both the gate profile and the peak relative sensitivity along the mcp strips we report that the dependence of relative gain on peak voltage is larger in pulsed mode when the width of the highvoltage waveform is smaller than the transit time of cascading electrons in the mcp | MEDAL |
the repair strategy for the healing of skin wounds in fetuses differs from that in adults proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts are the main mechanisms associated with skin wound healing as well as the complex interactions between epidermal keratinocytes kcs and DF in order to investigate the effects of fetal skin epidermal kcs on fetal and adult human dermal fibroblasts kcs and fibroblasts were isolated from the skin tissue of midâgestational human fetuses and adults and coâcultured using a transwell® system when fetal midâgestational kcs were coâcultured with either fetal or AD dermal fibroblasts the proliferative and migratory potential of the fibroblasts was significantly enhanced furthermore these phenotypic changes were concomitant with the upregulation of numerous proteins including mouse MDM2 homolog cyclin b phosphoâcyclinâdependent kinase phosphoâextracellular signalâregulated kinase and phosphoâakt along with câxâc chemokine receptor phosphoâp mitogen activated protein kinase matrix metalloproteinase mmpâ and mmpâ notably no significant differences were observed between fetal and AD dermal fibroblasts in their responses to fetal midâgestational epidermal kcs indicating that the cells from these two developmental stages respond in a similar manner to coâculture with kcs | MEDAL |
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