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the possible involvement of human parvovirus b infection in encephalopathy has been reported to determine the characteristics of b viruses involved in such cases we molecularly cloned a part of the b dnas derived from the sera of three patients with encephalopathy b strains n n and n following amplification by pcr the nucleotide nt sequences of the cloned dnas nt were then determined the nucleotide CS of n was similar to that of the known genome type of group ii the nucleotide sequences of n and n were similar to each other but distinctly different from those of other b strains reported previously almost the entire genome of CS n nt was molecularly cloned following amplification by pcr analyses of the restriction site polymorphisms of the cloned n dnas showed that n is distantly related to other b strains therefore the two strains of n and n were defined as belonging to a new genome type group v group v b virus has so far been isolated only from patients with encephalopathy | MEDAL |
since both estrogen and nmda IL-1ra act on the hippocampus ca region and behaviorally affect HPC SM tasks we examined how estrogen SD ovariectomy and nmda receptor antagonism interact upon spatial memory of the mouse T3 ovariectomy or sham operation mice were given a week REC before behavioral tests began under the influence of VH or carboxypiperazinylpropylphosphonic acid cpp and mgkg intraperitoneal i.v. cpp is a competitive full nmda receptor antagonist spatial REF SM was tested by the WM SWM was tested by the radial arm maze while overall locomotive activity was monitored by the ymaze results from the water maze and the ymaze did not show any spatial REF memory or activity differences between shamoperated and ovariectomized mice the RAM however highlighted some working memory differences between IN and ovariectomized mice cpp treatment impaired dose dependentlythe performance of ovariectomy and shamoperated mice equally on both water maze and radial arm maze while the drug had no effect on ymaze performance these results suggest that short term estrogen deprivation has no effect upon spatialreference memory while it impairs SWM this effect is probably not mediated by nmda receptors | MEDAL |
ciliaassociated respiratory car bacillus is an unclassified bacterium that colonizes the ciliated epithelium of airways in laboratory rats laboratory mice and laboratory and conventionally reared rabbits cattle goats and pigs data on the prevalence of car bacillus infection in wild animals are lacking the present study demonstrated the occurrence of the organism in wild red deer cervus elaphus hippelaphus chamois rupicapra rupicapra and roe deer capreolus capreolus from the val fontana in northern italy prevalence ranged from for red deer to for chamois with a statistically significant negative rho between car bacilli infection and the presence of LF | MEDAL |
deltaselective agonists have been developed to produce potent analgesic compounds with limited sideeffects dpdpe and deltorphin ii are considered prototypes but their deltaselectivity in vivo and the true ability of delta receptors to produce analgesia remain to be demonstrated here we have performed a parallel analysis of mu delta and combinatorial opioid receptor KO in which we found no obvious alteration of gprotein coupling for remaining opioid receptors we compared behavioural responses in two models of acute thermal pain following dpdpe and deltorphin ii administration by intracerebroventricular route in the tailimmersion test both compounds were fully analgesic in delta KO and totally inactive in mu KO in the hotplate test the two compounds again produced full analgesia in delta KO in mu knockout mice there was significant although much lower analgesia furthermore dpdpe analgesia in the delta knockout mice was fully reversed by the mu selective antagonist ctop in both tests together this suggests that mu rather than delta receptors are recruited by the two agonists for the tail withdrawal and the HP responses finally deltorphin ii slightly prolonged jump latencies in double mukappa KO delta receptors only and this response was abolished in the triple KO mice demonstrating that the activation of delta receptors CT can produce weak but significant muindependent thermal antinociception | MEDAL |
murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and F0 cells with restricted commitment to erythrocytes granulocytes and macrophages as well as megakaryocytes have been purified to fold from mouse bone marrow cells purification was achieved by a threestep procedure bone marrow cell populations free of erythroid cells and lymphocytes were obtained by culturing the cells for several weeks macrophages and Ad polymorphic neutrophils pmn were removed by adherence to plastic the remainder of the pmn along with more primitive PMNL but not promyelocytes and some monocytoid cells were removed either by ND centrifugation or by differential centrifugation after rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes coated with immunoglobulin ea rosettes the remaining population of marrowderived cells contained blast cells promyelocytes and other cells usually pmns and monocytes using cloning techniques to detect immature hemopoietic cells this population contained granulocytemacrophage progenitor cells approximately BFU-E approximately megakaryocyte progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cells based on seeding efficiency | MEDAL |
the satellite region on the short arm of chromosome b in wheat triticum aestivum l n x carries many agronomically important genes ie genes conferring fungal disease resistance seed storage proteins and fertility restoration to find molecular markers located on the satellite region we applied the FL aflp amplified fragment length polymorphism technique to aneuploids and deletion stocks of the cultivar t aestivum CS out of fragments amplified with primer combinations in normal chinese spring were assigned to bs twelve of them clustered within a small region of the satellite known to be rich in rflp restriction fragment length polymorphism markers aflps in bs and in the whole genome were calculated between CS and t spelta var duhamelianum the polymorphism rates in the satellite region and in the bs arm were much higher than the average rate for the whole genome seven of the aflp markers in the satellite region were revealed to be TPS to chinese spring and could potentially be useful for genetic mapping in a segregation population of chinese spring x t spelta | MEDAL |
primary astroglial cultures were incubated with delta m dpdpe or kappa m uh receptor agonists for days thereafter the acute GABA actions of delta or kappa receptor agonists on forskolin stimulated camp accumulation were assayed the g alpha s g alpha i and g alpha i mrna levels were quantified T3 days of either delta or kappa IL-1ra treatment using a solution hybridization rnase protection CA pronounced effects were observed T3 days of kappa receptor agonist m uh incubation this treatment resulted in an attenuation in the acute inhibitory action of delta and kappa receptor agonists furthermore a decreased stimulatory action of forskolin was seen similar effects were also seen after delta receptor stimulation we also investigated the effects T3 h and days of incubation with the kappa receptor agonist m uh the h incubation resulted in a decreased sensitivity to the acute GABA action of delta and kappa receptor agonists in the astroglial cultures this effect was further accentuated after the days of incubation with m uh no significant change was seen in the basal accumulation of camp after incubation with the kappa agonist uh however T3 days of incubation with the delta agonist dpdpe a significantly increased basal accumulation of camp was seen in the astroglial cultures after days of delta or kappa agonist incubation an increase in g alpha s mrna level and a decrease in g alpha i mrna level was seen compared with controls no statistically significant alterations in the amount of g alpha i mrna were seen the data obtained in the present T0 indicate that the effects of LT opioid treatment alters the sensitivity of glial cell opioid receptors furthermore long term opioid treatment induces alterations in glial gprotein mrna levels | MEDAL |
afferent projections to the tectum opticum of the clawed toad xenopus laevis were studied by i.v. of horseradish peroxidase hrp into the tectum cells were labelled in the following nuclei listed from rostral to caudal nucleus entopeduncularis anterior nucleus anterior thalami nucleus posterior thalami nucleus ventromedialis thalami nucleus ventrolateralis thalami pars dorsalis nucleus lateralis thalami pars posterodorsalis nucleus neuropilis postthalamici nucleus lentiformis mesencephali nucleus praetectalis nucleus laminaris tori semicircularis nucleus principalis tori semicircularis nucleus magnocellularis tori semicircularis nucleus profundus mesencephali nucleus anterodorsalis tegmenti nucleus posterodorsalis tegmenti nucleus posteroventralis tegmenti NI nucleus lineae lateralis pars rostralis nucleus lineae lateralis pars caudalis nucleus intermedius nucleus lateralis nervi octavi nucleus descendens nervi trigemini nucleus reticularis superior nucleus reticularis medius nucleus reticularis inferior nucleus reticularis lateralis nucleus cuneatus and area dorsalis medullae spinalis four of these nuclei can be associated with lateralline processing the nuclei lineae lateralis rostralis and caudalis of the medulla and the centrolateral nuclei magnocellularis and principalis of the TS the toric input is particularly prominent it is topologically organized in that central parts of the torus project to the medial tectum and lateral parts of the torus project to the rostrolateral tectum for comparison the torotectal connection was also examined in several anuran species that lose their lateral L1 at metamorphosis in these animals this projection is less well developed than in xenopus therefore it is argued that the torotectal connection primarily conveys lateralline information | MEDAL |
a slow hyperpolarizationactivated inwardly rectifying k current iksha with novel characteristics was identified from the mouse embryonic hippocampus x neuroblastoma cell L1 hne the noninactivating current activated negative to a membrane potential of mv with slow and complex activation kinetics tau act approximately s and a CD of s to mv that was linearly dependent on the membrane potential tail currents and instantaneous open channel currents determined through fast voltage ramps reversed at the EK ek indicating that primarily k but not na permeated the channels iksha was unaffected by altering the intracellular ca concentration between approximately and microm but was susceptible to block by mm extracellular ca ba ki mm and cs ki mm in cells stably transformed with m muscarinic receptors iksha was rapidly but reversibly suppressed by application of micromolar concentrations of muscarine at the single channel level ksha channel openings were observed with the CD upon membrane hyperpolarization analysis of unitary currents revealed an inwardly rectifying iv profile and a channel slope conductance of ps channel activity persisted in the insideout configuration for many T2 it is concluded that iksha in hne cells represents a novel k current which is G1 upon membrane hyperpolarization it is functionally different from both classic inwardly rectifying ikir currents and other cationic hyperpolarizationactivated ih currents that have been previously described in neuronal or glial cells | MEDAL |
we have been exploring the role of iron in the pathogenesis of the intracellular bacterial pathogen legionella pneumophila in previous studies we have demonstrated that l pneumophila intracellular multiplication in human monocytes is iron dependent and that ifn gammaactivated monocytes inhibit l pneumophila intracellular multiplication by limiting the availability of iron in this study we have investigated the effect on l pneumophila intracellular multiplication of LF an ironbinding protein which is internalized via TPS receptors on monocytes and of nonphysiologic iron chelates which enter monocytes by a receptorindependent route apolactoferrin completely inhibited l pneumophila multiplication in nonactivated monocytes and enhanced the capacity of ifn gammaactivated monocytes to inhibit l pneumophila intracellular multiplication in contrast ironsaturated LF had no effect on the already rapid rate of l pneumophila multiplication in nonactivated monocytes moreover it reversed the capacity of G1 monocytes to inhibit l pneumophila intracellular multiplication demonstrating that l pneumophila can utilize iron from the lactoferrinlactoferrin receptor pathway the capacity of ironlactoferrin to reverse mo activation was dependent upon its percent iron saturation and not just its total iron content similarly the nonphysiologic iron chelates ferric nitrilotriacetate and FAC completely reverse and ferric pyrophosphate partially reversed the capacity of ifn gammaactivated monocytes to inhibit l pneumophila intracellular multiplication demonstrating that l pneumophila can utilize iron derived from nonphysiologic iron chelates internalized by monocytes independently of the transferrin and LF endocytic pathways this study suggests that at sites of inflammation LF may inhibit or promote l pneumophila intracellular multiplication in MNC phagocytes depending upon its degree of iron saturation in addition this study suggests a potential role for pmn in host defense against l pneumophilaproviding apolactoferrin to infected monocytesand it supports the concept that pmn and monocytes may cooperate in host defense against intracellular parasites and other pathogens | MEDAL |
this pilot study obtained preliminary data on the effects of AP treatment combined with a standard inpatient stroke rehabilitation program on poststroke motor recovery and physical function thirtytwo patients with acute stroke were recruited and randomized to of treatment arms standard rehabilitation control group or a combination of AP and standard rehabilitation acupuncture group baseline and discharge assessments were obtained on motor recovery as measured by the fuglmeyer fm assessment and on physical function as measured by the PET independence measure fim comparisons were made between the acupuncture and control group in total fm and fim as well as for each subscale of the fm and fim no differences between treatment groups were found in the total fm or the total fim however statistically significant benefit due to acupuncture was observed for the fm LE motor function subscale p and the tubshower transfer mobility subscale of the fim p marginally significant benefit due to AP was noted for the toilet transfer mobility subscale of the fim p the effectiveness of acupuncture as an adjunct to standard poststroke rehabilitation programs may be demonstrated when more specific measures of stroke motor recovery and PCS function are used | MEDAL |
the body of physician order entry poe implementations literature uses statistical evaluation methods to demonstrate changes in specified variables after poe implementation to understand and manage the holistic impact of poe on the health care institution a methodology that utilizes FB to guide the poe implementation towards the satisfaction of stakeholder objectives inzymea hmgcoa reductase inhibitor or bile acid sequestrant and fasting triglycerides mmoll we propose this dyslipidemia be classified as type vi phenotype following the frederickson and lees classification highrisk patients with risk AF for AS cardiovascular disease or year cardiovascular risk patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or type diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome should receive pharmacotherapy plasma hdlc levels mmoll may be considered optimal and between and mmoll as desirable fibric acid derivatives nicotinic acid hmgcoa reductase inhibitors estrogens and ethanol not recommended as therapy increase plasma hdlc C2 NIC is the most potent agent and recent reports indicate that in contrast to GEM it selectively increases antiatherogenic hdl subfraction lipoprotein lp ai without apolipoprotein aii in patients with low plasma hdlc levels an extendedrelease formulation po once daily has improved the tolerability of NIC recent evidence also indicates that nicotinic acid may effectively correct dyslipidemia in DM without significantly compromising glycemic control fibric acid derivatives and estrogen raise plasma hdlc levels by different mechanisms of action and these agents may be used with nicotinic acid ACT especially hmgcoa reductase inhibitor and NIC should be considered in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and low plasma hdlc C2 | MEDAL |
DWI and fluorinefluorodeoxyglucose pet are increasingly being recognized as feasible oncological techniques the apparent diffusion coefficient adc measured by DWI and the standardized uptake value suv from fluorinefluorodeoxyglucose pet have similar clinical applications the aim of this T0 was to assess the correlation between these two parameters in various cancers | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to evaluate the washout rate of tcm TF in ASH ash as tcm TF accumulation and PR depend on sarcolemmal andor mitochondrial CF the presence or absence of abnormalities in the washout rate of tcm tetrofosmin could provide information about sarcolemmal andor mitochondrial damage noninvasively the T0 group consisted of patients with ash and HS T3 i.v. of mbq mci tcm TF tomographic images were obtained hour later early image and again hours later delayed image using tomographic images the distribution and washout of TF in the left IVT was examined quantitatively SA spect images were divided into segments anterior septal lateral inferior wall and apex in early and delayed images and the mean radioactivity counts were measured in each segment by drawing regions of interest washout rates of apex anterior septal lateral and inferior walls were in ash and in the normal group respectively in ash the washout rates of all myocardial segments were significantly increased as compared to those of the NCs p the findings of the present study suggest that there could be dysfunction of sarcolemma andor mitochondria in the entire left ventricle which would be important in the pathophysiology of this disease also our T0 revealed that tcm tetrofosmin washout was higher in nyha iiiii patients compared to nyha i patients and the degree of tcm tetrofosmin washout corresponded well with the thickness of the interventricular SP and posterior walls | MEDAL |
various fragments derived from rabbit skeletal muscle troponint tnt by chemical and or proteolytic cleavage were mixed with whole troponini tni and applied to sephadex g GF column in order to determine the IB site of tni on tnt this site of interaction was found to span two distinct regions of tnt the first site involves the highly acidic nhterminal fragment B6 residues of tnt a second separate site is located in the region of residues of tnt the present study in conjunction with our earlier work on tropomyosin tnt IB and tnt troponinc IB depicts tnt as being a functionally efficient molecule composed of several distinct domains of specialized amino acid sequence each of which carries out a role in the binding of a different protein | MEDAL |
the OD of cholesterollowering drugs including a variety of statins bile acidbinding resins and recently discovered inhibitors of cholesterol absorption has expanded the options for cardiovascular prevention recent treatment guidelines emphasise that individuals at substantial risk for AS coronary heart disease should meet defined targets for ldl cholesterol concentrations combination therapy with drugs that have different or cDNA mechanisms of action is often needed to achieve lipid goals existing approaches to the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia are still ineffective in halting the progression of PD disease in some patients despite combination therapies other patients are resistant to conventional drug treatment and remain at high risk for the OD and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and alternative approaches are needed the discovery and development of ezetimibe a novel selective and potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor has advanced the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia new agents including the phytostanol preparation fmvp and inhibitors of acyl coenzyme acholesterol acyltransferase the apical nadependent bile acid transporter and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein may also play a future role in combination therapy this review focuses on the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of intestinal cholesterol absorption and transport and novel therapeutic approaches to inhibit the cholesterol absorption process | MEDAL |
despite the broad antibacterial spectrum of ciprofloxacin most anaerobic organisms are resistant to the drug whereas several grampositive organisms are only moderately susceptible thus in some clinical situations combined treatment with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole or CLI could be useful therefore the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal MICs of ciprofloxacin in combination with clindamycin or metronidazole were investigated using a randomized crossover study design in healthy volunteers ciprofloxacin mg was administered alone and in combination with clindamycin mg or metronidazole mg all drugs were given intravenously over T2 serum and urine concentrations of the substances were measured using standard methods highperformance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography blood samples for determination of serum bactericidal activity against five different aerobic and two anaerobic bacterial species a total of strains were obtained one hour and six hours after drug infusion all values were statistically analyzed by use of the student t test | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer and its relationship with the human OD index hdi and its components in asia in | MEDAL |
recent years have witnessed a rapid and continuous evolution in the diagnosis of biliary obstructive disease traditional methodologies such as us ultrasonography ct computed tomography ercp endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and ptc percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography have been supplemented by mrcp magnetic resonance cholagiopancreatography and cct cholangio computed tomography the purpose of our study was to compare the reliability of diagnostic us mr and other imaging techniques in intrinsic biliary obstructive disease | MEDAL |
there is no consensus on the best method to assess the NS of hospitalized adults although many methods are available this T0 evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition in adults at different times of hospitalization admission th th st and th days in two years and all patients were submitted to anthropometric assessment subjective global assessment sga determination of serum albumin and lymphocyte count there were no differences in prevalence of malnutrition between the years of assessment but great R2 was found when different methods were used an increase in malnutrition was detected when the diagnostic criterion was the total count of lymphocytes while a decrease was detected in the case of the body mass index bmi in both years the increase in malnutrition was not statistically significant over the weeks of hospitalization over the years malnutrition remains an important health problem of hospitalized adults requiring AGA diagnosis and management each institution is recommended to adopt one or more appropriate methods of nutritional assessment which have been validated for the population under their care | MEDAL |
continuous infusion epidural analgesia ciea using a mixture of BUP and fentanyl was evaluated in this randomized doubleblind T0 involving nulliparous women by comparing the mixture group i BUP and FE microgramsml patients with two concentrations of BUP alone group ii BUP patients and group iii BUP patients EPI anaesthesia was established in group i with ml bupivacaine with fentanyl micrograms and in both CG ii and iii with ml BUP in the women whose pain score visual CAS decreased by at least within min ciea was given until delivery the initial infusion rate in all three CG was set at mlhr but was decreased in the event of motor block or excessive sensory level for inadequate analgesia bupivacaine in ml supplements was given every min as required during the first stage of labour of women in GI reported excellent or good analgesia compared with of women in group ii ns and with in group iii p less than the proportion of women reporting excellentgood analgesia during the second stage was approximately in all three CG the total cumulative dose of bupivacaine in GI was mg compared with mg for group ii p and mg for group iii ns group i patients required less supplementation with bupivacaine than either group ii or iii patients during the first stage but only with group iii patients during the second stageabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
over the past five decades one of the L1 problems in the treatment of overgrowth syndromes of the hand has been classification currently a number of specific conditions with known NK histories have been delineated and reviewed treatment is highly individualized amputation is still recommended for grotesque deformities of the upper limb early aggressive surgery when indicated will improve contour function and appearance specific therapeutic techniques include radical debulking microvascular neurolysis vascular reconstruction epiphysiodesis and in some cases thumb or digit replacement longterm outcomes remain in the goodtofair range and are dependent upon the condition reconstructive techniques employed age of patient and the severity of deformity | MEDAL |
the vertebrate hand plate is flattened and paddle shaped that is it is wide along the anteroposterior ap axis thumb to little finger and thin along the dorsoventral axis back of hand to palm to learn how the hand plate develops its threedimensional architecture we observed morphological changes in the distal limb bud of the chick embryo at stages and the gecko embryo days after oviposition cell population of the posterior distal limb bud expanded more than that of the anterior one in the chick embryo taken together with the observation that these two cell populations did not show significant differences in their expansion along the proximodistal axis we propose that the cell population in the posterior limb bud contributes more to the morphogenetic increase along the ap axis which widens the limb bud for the formation of the hand plate our observation that more mitoses were oriented anteroposteriorly than dorsoventrally in the chick embryo at around stage suggests that the oriented cell division contributes to the morphogenetic increase along the ap axis | MEDAL |
conditions required for reexcitation of lumbosacral motoneurones ie for double impulses in the motor axons associated with a single somadendritic action potential were examined in cats anaesthetized with PB and paralysed with gallamine triethiodide simultaneous recording from a motoneurone intracellular and in some experiments also extracellular and from its axon in a VP root was used to assess the relations between the soma and the double axonal action potentials action potentials greater than mv evoked by brief depolarizing current pulses applied intracellularly were never observed to cause reexcitation reexcitation could however be regularly induced by procedures which increased the delay between the initial segment and somadendritic components of these potentials reexcitation could be evoked i when brief hyperpolarizing pulses were applied before the ON of the somadendritic spikes ii when the depolarizing pulses were applied on a background of long hyperpolarizing pulses or iii when two action potentials were evoked in a quick succession by two brief ON pulses no relationship was found between the presence of reexcitation of motor axons and the presence of the delayed depolarization which follows the somadendritic spikes neither reexcitation nor delayed depolarization were found to be dependent upon reexcitation of the initial segment these observations are thus at variance with previous suggestions that the IS spikes induce the reexcitation of motor axons and that the IS spikes cause the DD following somadendritic spikes since reexcitation of a motor axon occurred without any signs of a second IS spike it is concluded that it is initiated at the level of the axon most likely at the first node of ranvier reexcitation of motor axons was also observed during repetitive firing induced by intracellular current i.t. however it occurred then only occasionally and only under strong ON drive it is thus not expected to be a common phenomenon under NK conditions of repetitive firing | MEDAL |
removal of arsenic from aqueous solution was carried out using electrocoagulation experiments were conducted using mild steel sacrificial anode covering wide range in operating conditions to assess the RE the maximum As RE was recorded as under optimum condition the electrocoagulation mechanism of arsenic removal has been developed to understand the effect of applied charge and electrolyte ph on As RE further the exp data were tested with different adsorption isotherm model to describe the electrocoagulation process | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of an individualized uncertainty management MI delivered by telephone to caucasian and africanamerican men with localized prostate carcinoma and directed at managing the uncertainties of their disease and treatment | MEDAL |
fluorescence studies of membrane fluidity were conducted doubleblind using PLT and red cell membranes prepared from demented patients with probable alzheimers disease and neurologically HS the fluidity of the hydrocarbon and lipidaqueous interface regions of cell CM was determined at degrees c by fluorescence spectroscopy using the lipid probes DPH dph and trimethylaminophenylphenylhexatriene tmadph respectively the rotation rate of tmadph in labeled PLT membranes did not differ between the CG in contrast the rotation rate of dph in urons the remaining units were nonantidromically activated among the lvn neurons responded with a periodic modulation of their firing rate to roll tilt of the animal and responded to neck rotation convergence of macular and neck inputs was found in lateral vestibular neurons in these units the gain as well as the sensitivity of the first harmonic of responses corresponded on the average to sd impsecdeg and sddeg for the neck responses and sd impsecdeg and sddeg for the macular responses respectively in addition to these convergent units and lateral vestibular units responded to selective stimulation either of macular receptors or of neck receptors only these units which showed on the average an higher FR and a lower conduction velocity of the corresponding vestibulospinal axons than the convergent units displayed a significantly lower response gain and sensitivity to animal tilt and neck rotation with respect to those obtained from convergent units most of the convergent lateral vestibular units were maximally excited by the direction of stimulus orientation the first harmonic of responses showing an average phase lead of degrees with respect to neck position and degrees with respect to animal position two populations of convergent SN were observed the first group of units ie showed reciprocal outofphase responses to the two inputs in that they were mainly excited during sidedown animal tilt and sideup neck rotation the remaining group of units ie showed parallel in phase responses to the two inputs and they were mainly excited by sideup neck rotation and animal tilt interestingly the former group of units displayed an average gain and sensitivity to the labyrinth and neck inputs which were more than twice higher than the values obtained from the latter group of unitsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in an accompanying T0 we described the presence of intact fibronectin a C1 adhesive molecule in the specific granules of blood pmns secretion of fibronectin by blood pmns is poorly understood and the fate of this fibronectin is practically unknown in the present study we demonstrate that nanomolar concentrations of phorbol ester or the chemoattractants fmlp paf and ltb induce fibronectin secretion from blood pmns phorbol ester induced secretion of approximately of the total fibronectin content as well as expression of small amounts on the cell surface of the G1 pmns secreted fibronectin was proteolytically cleaved and after min four major fragments of and kda containing a midchain epitope were identified by western blot analysis kinetic studies indicated that fibronectin was rapidly secreted as an intact molecule and that proteolysis started within minutes and proceeded for at least h if cells were removed T3 min tpa treatment no further proteolysis of the secreted fibronectin was observed indicating participation of cellbound proteinases from a cocktail of proteinase inhibitors pmsf was the most AS in suppressing fibronectin proteolysis studies with TPS peptidyl inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin g major serine proteinases of pmns demonstrated some inhibition with the cat g inhibitor while the HLE inhibitor almost CR abolished fibronectin proteolysis a monoclonal antibody to the PE had a similar effect the results indicate that IN fibronectin is a sec product of blood pmns and that this endogenous adhesive molecule is within T2 extracellularly processed by cell surfacebound elastase | MEDAL |
toxoplasmosis particularly toxoplasmic encephalitis has emerged as a L1 cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS syndrome patients INF with human immunodeficiency virus typically experience chronic oxidative stress and concurrent infection with the intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii would be expected to further exacerbate this condition the present study was conducted to determine whether VE and selenium supplementation might be beneficial in a murine MM of toxoplasmosis to investigate the effect of these antioxidants on the severity of parasitic infection swiss webster sw or B6 mice INF with oocysts of the me strain of t gondii were maintained on diets containing no VE or selenium no vitamin e and ppm selenium iukg VE plus ppm selenium or VE and selenium at the levels present in standard rodent chow iukg and ppm respectively the results of the T0 showed that increased dietary supplementation with VE and Se resulted in trends toward increased tissue cyst number tissue pathology and weight loss during infection in contrast both resistant sw and susceptible cblj mice fed a deficient diet complete absence of VE and Se showed the lowest mean numbers of tissue cysts and very little evidence of tissue pathology during chronic infection | MEDAL |
a total of GBS gbs isolates collected from mothers at the maternity hospital in kuwait were investigated for their serotypes and antibiotic resistance and screened by pcr for the carriage of genes for Tcr tetk tetm tetl teto erythromycin erma ermb ermc ermtr ermm mefa mefe msra and AGs aph ant ant all isolates were serotyped using a latex CAT most of the isolates belonged to serotypes v iii ia and ii sixteen isolates were nontypable all isolates were susceptible to penicillin ampicillin and cefotaxime mics µg ml but were resistant to trimethoprim tetracycline minocycline highlevel kanamycin chloramphenicol erythromycin clindamycin highlevel streptomycin and ciprofloxacin the Tcr isolates contained tetm teto tetl and tetk the erythromycinresistant isolates contained ermb ermtr erma mefa and mefe all highlevel kanamycinresistant isolates contained aph one of the highlevel streptomycinresistant isolates contained ant partial dna sequencing of aph revealed sequences with similarity to aph found in enterococcus faecium enterococcus faecalis staphylococcus aureus and SE suggesting that the gbs isolates could have acquired aph from other GPC the high proportion of isolates with resistance to tetracycline highlevel kanamycin and trimethoprim and the increase in the prevalence of erythromycin resistance represents an emerging public health concern that needs further surveillance | MEDAL |
in the visual system of the cat the projection from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus has been studied extensively however the patterns of synaptic contacts made by individual axons onto individual cells have not been described in this study these patterns have been examined for class cells guillery j comp neurol retinogeniculate axons and lateral geniculate neurons are labeled with horseradish peroxidase hrp via injections into the optic tracts and optic radiations respectively sections are then processed for combined light and electron microscopic analysis they are examined with the light TSM to identify labeled lateral geniculate SN that appear to be contacted by labeled retinal axons these cells and axons are then analyzed by a computerized TSM system and CS of apparent synaptic contact are recorded this light microscopic analysis indicates that individual class cells are contacted by many retinogeniculate axons and that each of these axons contacts many lateral geniculate neurons some axons make numerous contacts that are concentrated onto a few dendrites while others make only a few contacts which are spread over several dendrites in all cases the majority of contacts are on the dendritic shafts of relatively thick AA and tertiary dendrites electron microscopic analysis confirms that most of the contacts identified with the LM are synaptic it also reveals that labeled and unlabeled retinal axons can innervate the same dendritic segment finally one cell was studied that had its soma and most of its dendrites in lamina a but some of its dendrites extended into lamina a this cell received input from retinal axons in both layers thus suggesting that it may have been binocularly excitable | MEDAL |
concepts of how athletes should expend their aerobic and anaerobic energetic reserves are generally based on results of tests where an all out strategy is imposed onrequired from the athlete we sought to determine how athletes spontaneously expend their energetic reserves when the only instruction was to finish the event in minimal time as in competition well trained and task habituated road cyclists n completed randomly ordered laboratory time trials of m m m and m on a windload braked cycle ergometer the pattern of aerobic and anaerobic energy use was calculated from TW accomplished and vo during the trials the events were completed in s s s and s the peak vo during the terminal m of all events was similar and l x min in all events the initial SP SO and anaerobic SE use was high and decreased to a more or less constant value over the remainder of the event however the subjects seemed to reserve some ability to expend SE anaerobically for a terminal acceleration which is contrary to predictions of an all out starting strategy although the TW accomplished increased with distance and kj the SE attributable to anaerobic sources was not significantly different between the rides and kj the results are consistent with the concept that athletes monitor their energetic resources and regulate their energetic output over time in a manner designed to optimize performance | MEDAL |
six largeframed F1 steers averaging kg were used in a x incomplete latin square design to T0 the effect of FF a source of readily available energy molasses in combination with highly degradable protein CM on ruminal characteristics digestibility and in situ disappearance of dm and n the seven dietary treatments were offered for AL consumption and consisted of timothy silage alone or mixed on a dm basis with molasses molasses canola meal CM and molasses canola meal and molasses or CM the total n content of supplements containing CM CM and molasses and canola meal and molasses was similar molasses supplementation decreased p ruminal ammonia n concentration and digestibility of SE and fiber canola meal supplementation increased p n and SE digestibility but decreased adf digestibility compared with FF unsupplemented timothy silage feeding compared with CM increased p DMD and tended p to increase SE digestibility combining molasses and canola meal did not improve DMD but adding molasses decreased p SE and fiber digestibility of the diet which may explain lower adg obtained for beef steers fed such C2 of molasses in other research | MEDAL |
the ID of neurogenesis in the DG of AD mammals has sparked much interest in a PET role for these new neurons in hippocampaldependent cognition the current investigation used a model of agerelated cognitive decline in rodents to study the relationship between changes in markers of neurogenesis and HPC CF new cell production in the granule cell SL was progressively reduced across the lifespan of male long evans rats with a reduction at middle age months and a reduction in excess of in advanced age months compared with young mature adults months these effects of aging were not however predictive of cognitive status in particular the pronounced decrease in new cell production during aging did not distinguish among rats that varied over a wide range of cognitive abilities | MEDAL |
intravenous infusion of the nucleoside adenosine stimulates QO2 probably at least partly by an action in the carotid bodies and also potentiates the VE response to hypoxia suggesting that it might be involved in the control of PLB whether the effects of adenosine occur at concentrations likely to be achieved in vivo is unknown and was investigated in patients with arterial catheters inserted for diagnostic purposes during intravenous infusion of adenosine maximum dose per min mean micrograms kg mean minute ventilation increased from to l min while mean plasma adenosine concentration in the aortic arch increased from to microm in patients ventilation first increased without a detectable increase in aortic adenosine concentration suggesting a possible intrapulmonary effect of adenosine although increased concentrations were apparent at higher doses micromolar concentrations of adenosine are probably achieved in vivo in tissues during hypoxia the present results show that at such concentrations adenosine stimulates respiration and are consistent with the suggestion that adenosine release may mediate or modulate the VE response to hypoxia a possible intrapulmonary effect of adenosine merits further study | MEDAL |
the authors have used intracerebral microdialysis to develop a method for routine monitoring of disturbances in BB energy metabolism in patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit microdialysis was conducted for periods ranging from to days in four patients three with severe head injuries and one with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage altogether chemical analyses from dialysis samples were carried out concentrations of the energyrelated metabolites lactate Pyr and hypoxanthine were measured and the lactatepyruvate ratio was calculated in addition the acids glu aspartate taurine glutamine asparagine and glycine were measured in one patient the MD data were matched with various clinical events including intracranial hypertension and therapeutic interventions such as initiation or withdrawal of barbiturates and CSF fluid drainage the present study shows that MD can be used for longterm measurement of ECF ecf energyrelated metabolites and amino acids in the frontal cortex of neurosurgical patients in a clinical setting fluctuations of the measured ecf energyrelated substances corresponded to various clinical events presumably involving hypoxiaischemia the authors found a fold increase in ecf glu AST and taurine under conditions of energy perturbation as indicated by high C2 of the L/P ratio lactate and hypoxanthine the use of longterm IC MD in patients opens a new field of clinical research with many possibilities for improving insight into intracranial dynamics in acute cerebral conditions | MEDAL |
the affinity of antihapten antibody can be conveniently measured by precipitating immune complexes with AS the method has however not proved very reproducible here is described one variable difficult to control in the assay the AS was found to cause dissociation of ligands from hapten nipantibody complexes the reason was the volume increase caused by addition of ammonium sulphate the T0 suggested that in the calculation of the free hapten concentration the final volume during precipitation should be used the precipitate should not be washed when hapten binding capacities are measured | MEDAL |
to describe the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis tbrelated deaths in a wellmanaged program in a lowhiv area we analyzed data from a cohort of PTB patients recruited between march and october in southern mexico patients who were sputum AFB smear positive underwent clinical and mycobacteriologic DUE isolation identification drugsusceptibility testing and isbased genotyping and spoligotyping and received treatment from the local directly observed treatment strategy dots program T3 an average of years of followup death was higher for clustered cases vs p cox analysis revealed that tbrelated mortality hazard ratios included treatment default multidrug resistance recently transmitted tb weight loss and having less than years of formal education in this community tb is associated with high mortality rates | MEDAL |
leaf anatomy was studied by CS and electron microscopy and the leaf MICs of rubp carboxylase pep carboxylase and malic enzyme were assayed in salsola australis and s oreophila grown on the west pamirs at m altitude in s australis grown on the east pamirs at m and in s arbusculiformis grown in the kisilkum desert in middle asia near m carbon isotope fractionation ratio values also were measured on whole leaf tissue for salsola species field collected in these and other regions of the former ussr s australis leaves are cylindrical and in cross section exhibit a peripheral ring of mesophyll and then an inner ring of bundle sheath type cells and its PSA characteristics and deltac values are typical of a c species of the nadpmalic enzyme malateforming group these traits were expressed independedlaser SE whitening lase light plus dmc odontológica são carlos sp brazil was used in accordance with the manufacturers directions two sessions of bleaching were performed at oneweek intervals color was registered at baseline and T3 the first and second bleaching sessions using a vita shade guide patients recorded ts on a to scale during bleaching and within the next and hours of each session be at recall each week and intensity of ts were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance anova and tukey tests α tooth sensitivity was compared using the friedman repeated measures analysis of variance by rank and the wilcoxon signranked test faster bleaching was observed for the la group than for the na group after the first session and shade guide units sgus p however both techniques were capable of bleaching the same number of sgus after the second bleaching session p most of the la group had sensitivity even hours T3 each bleaching session but only from the na group reported ts the intensity of ts was similar for both groups immediately after bleaching but significantly higher for the la group hours T3 each bleaching session p after two bleaching sessions the use of ledlaser light activation did not improve bleaching speed persistent tooth sensitivity and higher tooth sensitivity T3 hours of bleaching were observed when light activation was used | MEDAL |
ten patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of strikingly long duration despite intensive antituberculous therapy were examined by combined lung scintigraphy xe in physiologic saline iv and mtcmaamicrospheres as a rule the scintigraphic perfusion defects far exceeded the lesions seen radiologically these results appear to justify the presumption that the decrease or even absence of perfusion in the affected Az is responsible for protracted healing in these patients | MEDAL |
the purpose of this paper was to investigate whether cardiovascular afferent impulses could be recorded on a human scalp as computeraveraged cortical potentials timelocked to ekgr waves the results obtained were as follows cortical potentials timelocked to ekgr waves ekgep could be recorded on scalps of eleven healthy volunteers and within its DP TN C1 peaks could be seen during both wakefulness and slow wave sleep stage within TN C1 peaks the nd negative peak were most stable and its averaged latencies were msec during wakefulness and msec during slow wave sleep stage and the rd N1 had been found more frequently in the slow wave sleep than in the wakefulness ekgeps were analogous with those of AEP evoked potentials timelocked to ekgr waves ekgaep if both were recorded in the same concious level both latencies of the nd N1 of the ekgeps and that of the largest N1 of the ekgaeps were consistent each other with high ratio resulting r p less than in the wakefulness and r p less than in the slow wave sleep stage respectively | MEDAL |
ruminations are repetitive thoughts associated with symptoms causes and consequences of ones negative feelings the objective of this study was to explore the neuronal basis of depressive rumination in a nonclinical population within the context of emotional control participants scoring high or low on the tendency to ruminate scale took part in the eeg experiment their eeg data were collected during a state of induced depressive ruminations and compared with positive and neutral conditions we hypothesized that both groups would differ according to the level of activation and ERP connectivity among the structures involved in the emotional control circuit clustering of independent components together with effective connectivity directed transfer function was performed using the eeg signal the main findings involved decreased activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal SC dlpfc and increased activation of the left temporal lobe structures in the highly ruminating group the latter result was most pronounced during the ruminative condition decreased information from the left dlpfc to the left temporal lobe structures was also found leading to the conclusion that hypoactivation of the left dlpfc and its inability to modulate the activation of the left temporal lobe structures is crucial for the ruminative tendencies | MEDAL |
partitioning and molecular dynamics of tetramethylpiperedineoxyl tempo nitroxide radicals in large unilamellar liposomes luv composed from dipalmitoylsnglycerophosphatidylcholine were investigated by using very high frequency electron paramagnetic resonance epr spectroscopy experiments carried out at a MW frequency of ghz completely resolved the tempo epr spectrum in the AQ and hydrocarbon phases an accurate computer simulation method combined with LM optimization was used to analyze the tempo epr spectra in both phases spectral parameters extracted from the simulations gave the actual partitioning of the tempo probe between the luv hydrocarbon and aqueous phases and allowed analysis of picosecond rotational dynamics of the probe in the luv hydrocarbon phase in very high frequency epr experiments phase EMT in the luvtempo system were observed as sharp changes in both partitioning and rotational rho times of the tempo probe the phase Tc and degrees c are in PA with previously reported DSC data spectral line widths were analyzed by using existing theoretical expressions for motionally narrowed nitroxide spectra it was found that the motion of the small nearly spherical tempo probe can be well described by anisotropic brownian DWI in isotropic media and is not restricted by the much larger hydrocarbon chains existing in ripple structure p beta or fluid bilayer structure l alpherioperative morbidity or mortality postoperative thallium scanning revealed resolution of the ischemic process the average length of followup was months range to months with all patients remaining asymptomatic the one patient who refused surgery died at months when ima grafting is contemplated proximal subclavian stenosis should be suspected if there is mm hg systolic pressure differential between the armsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
despite mounting evidence that sleep duration is a risk factor across diverse health and functional domains little is known about the distribution and determinants of sleep in the authors used wrist activity monitoring and sleep logs to measure time in bed SL time required to fall asleep sleep duration and sleep efficiency percentage of time in bed spent sleeping over days for participants at one of the four sites of the coronary artery risk development in young adults cardia study chicago illinois participants were aged years were women and were black for the entire sample mean time in bed was sigma sd hours mean SL was sd minutes mean sleep duration was sd hours and mean SE was sd all four parameters varied by racesex group average sleep duration was hours for white women hours for WG men hours for black women and hours for black men racesex differences p remained after adjustment for socioeconomic employment household and lifestyle AF and for apnea risk income was independently associated with sleep latency and efficiency sleep duration and quality which have consequences for health are strongly associated with race sex and SES status | MEDAL |
vascular endothelial growth factor vegf affects tumor growth and metastasis by mediating angiogenesis V1 endothelial growth factor overexpression is considered a predictor of poor prognosis in cancer patients exercise may increase the circulating C2 of vegf which is important to angiogenesis we examined the effects of exercise training on vegf levels and tumor growth in male cbl mice inoculated with lewis lung cancer cells | MEDAL |
ob/ob obese mice obob have decreased circulating growth hormone gh and pituitary gh and ghrelin receptor ghsr mrna levels whereas hypothalamic ghreleasing hormone ghrh and somatostatin sst expression do not differ from lean controls given the fact that gh is suppressed in dietinduced obesity a state of hyperleptinemia it remains to be determined whether the absence of leptin contributes to changes in the gh axis of obob mice therefore to study the impact of OB replacement on the hypothalamicpituitary gh axis of obob mice leptin was infused for days sc resulting in circulating leptin C2 that were similar to wildtype controls approximately ngml leptin treatment reduced food NI body weight and circulating insulin while elevating circulating noctanoyl ghrelin concentrations OB treatment did not alter Thy ghrh sst or ghsr mrna C2 compared with vehicletreated controls however OB significantly increased pituitary gh and ghrhr expression and tended to enhance circulating gh levels but this latter effect did not reach statistical significance in vitro leptin ngml h did not affect PIT gh ghrhr or ghsr mrna but did enhance gh PR the in vivo effects of leptin on circulating hormone and PIT mrna C2 were not replicated by pair FF obob mice to match the FI of leptintreated mice however leptin did prevent the fall in hypothalamic ghrh mrna and circulating igfi C2 observed in pairfed mice these results demonstrate that leptin replacement has positive effects on multiple levels of gh axis function in obob mice | MEDAL |
a total of to weekold broiler chickens with MD md skin tumours skin leukosis collected from farms at the processing plants were examined pathologically grossly the skin lesions comprised various sizes and numbers of feather follicular nodules which tended to fuse with each other as their size increased histologically the lesions were classified into five types type a was small lymphoid cell aggregates lca consisting mostly of small lymphocytes with a few lymphoblasts and very rare MF type b had C1 lca consisting mainly of small lymphocytes with considerable numbers of lymphoblasts and very rare mitotic figures type c was characterized by C1 coalesced lca consisting almost equally of small lymphocytes and lymphoblasts with infrequent MF type d exhibited very C1 coalesced lca consisting mainly of lymphoblasts with some small lymphocytes and occasional MF type e had very large coalesced lca consisting almost CR of lymphoblasts with frequent MF the histological md cutaneous lesions were related to the size of gross skin nodules the small feather follicular nodules consisted mainly of types b and c with type a whereas C1 fused feather follicular nodules were composed mainly of types d and e nuclear inclusions were frequently found in the feather follicular epithelium in all skin nodules except for the largest fused ones md visceral lesions were more pronounced in birds having marked skin leukotic lesions feather pulp lesions fpl were more related to the visceral than the skin lesions the constituent cells of fpl were compatible with those of the former lesions | MEDAL |
in this T0 we investigated the effect of PG root AQ extracts upon inducible NOS in raw cells panax ginseng root extract has been used in the asian world for centuries as a traditional herb to enhance physical strength and resistance and is becoming more and more popular in europe and north america incubation of mu macrophages raw cells with increasing amounts of aqueous extracts of PG microg microl showed a dose dependent stimulation of iNOS synthesis PSs isolated from panax ginseng showed strong stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthesis whereas a triterpeneenriched fraction from an aqueous extract of panax ginseng did not show any stimulation inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression was enhanced in a dose dependent manner as revealed by immunoblotting when cells were incubated with increasing amounts of PG extract this was associated with an incline in inducible nitric oxide synthase mrnalevels as determined by semiquantitative PCR reaction and electromobility shift assay studies indicated enhanced nuclear factorkappab dna CBA as nitric oxide plays an important role in immune function PG treatment could modulate several aspects of host defense mechanisms due to stimulation of the iNOS synthase | MEDAL |
different aspects relevant for the assessment and characterization of biomaterials are presented quite a number of basic concepts that play an important role when detecting unwanted adverse effects of drugs have to be taken into consideration when registering and evaluating unwanted effects of biomaterials the institutionalization of the central bioregister at the university of saarland is described this bioregister is a socalled spontaneous ad hoc recording system whose efficiency depends largely on the collaboration of physicians thus the efficiency and rationality of the use of biomaterials can certainly be improved the possibility of registering even rarely occurring unwanted effects as well as new indicatienomenon and leg ulcers involvement of central andor IP NS was present in cases VHD was conspicuous out of patients had organic lesions in both sides of the HR there were also laboratory abnormalities such as prolonged PTT time false positive vdrl plasmatic AC activity and low incidence of antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors the clinical syndrome seems to be related to the presence of antibodies reactive with anionic phospholipids although there is not formal proof of a direct cause effects relationship recognition of these distinct clinical entity is important the use of simple anti aggregating agents like aspirine and careful AC therapy may modify the course of this newly recognized autoimmune condition | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to investigate the relationships between adiposity and skeletal maturity relative skeletal maturity and percentage of predicted AD stature a representative sample of flemish girls aged years of age was investigated age TPS correlations between adiposity and biological maturity indicators were calculated and in each age group the fattest were compared with the leanest adiposity was estimated from the sum of five SSF biceps triceps subscapular suprailiac and medial calf skeletal age was assessed according to the tannerwhitehouse technique relative skeletal age was calculated as the difference between SA and chronological age and percentage of predicted adult stature was calculated according to the tannerwhitehouse mark ii regression technique correlations between adiposity and maturity indicators are positive but vary between r and r when stature is statistically controlled correlations are reduced slightly the fattest girls are equally advanced to years as the leanest girls are delayed to years in skeletal maturation attained statures are consistent with the maturity data and indicate that size differences between fat and lean girls are primarily due to maturity differences it was concluded that during childhood and adolescence fatness is associated with advanced and leanness with delayed biological maturity status this association seems to have long term effects that merit further T0 | MEDAL |
overexpression of the androgen receptor ar and antiapoptotic genes including xlinked inhibitor of apoptosis protein xiap provide tumors with a proliferative advantage therefore our objective was to determine whether novel antiandrogen cbdiv and xiap inhibitor based combination therapy can treat T3 prostate cancer | MEDAL |
amelogenesis imperfecta ai is a hereditary dental condition with poor esthetics and dental sensitivity that frequently requires extensive dental treatment the authors hypothesized that ai is associated with a negative psychosocial outcome | MEDAL |
huperzine a is an alkaloid isolated from a chinese clubmoss the molecule is a potent and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase several pharmacological and clinical studies showed that huperzine a improves the mnesic capacity and cognitive functions huperzine a was also found to be a neuroprotective agent this molecule which possesses a high pharmacological potential is under clinical DUE for the palliative treatment of alzheimers disease in addition its use in the pretreatment of poisoning by organophosphorous nerve agents could be another indication | MEDAL |
the isolated choroid plexus of the rabbit takes up methyltetrahydrofolate from the incubation medium other folate analogues pteroylglutamic acid methotrexate formyltetrahydrofolate CF inhibited the uptake of methyltetrahydrofolate the uptake of methyltetrahydrofolate was inhibited by LT anaerobic conditions and dinitrophenol the anticonvulsant drugs diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital had no effect on methyltetrahydrofolate uptake the GABA effect of pteroylglutamic acid on the uptake of methyltetrahydrofolate by the choroid plexus may explain the effect of LT folic acid therapy in aggravating vitamin b neuropathy in pernicious anaemia | MEDAL |
the action of the penetrationenhancing agent dimethyl sulfoxide dmso on phospholipid monolayers was investigated at the airwater interface using a combination of experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations brewster angle microscopy revealed that dppc monolayers remained laterally homogeneous at subphase concentrations up to a mole fraction of dmso neutron reflectometry of the monolayers in combination with isotopic substitution enabled the determination of solvent profiles as a CF of distance perpendicular to the interface for the different dmso subphase concentrations these exp results were compared to those obtained from molecular dynamic md simulations of the corresponding ML systems there was excellent agreement found between the mdderived reflectivity curves and the measured data for all of the hd contrast variations investigated the md provide a detailed description of the distribution of water and dmso molecules around the phosphatidylcholine headgroup and how this CSD changes with increasing dmso concentrations significantly the measurements and simulations that are reported here support the hypothesis that dmso acts by dehydrating the phosphatidylcholine headgroup and as such provide the first direct evidence that it does so primarily by displacing water molecules bound to the choline group | MEDAL |
to comprehensively study the course of gastric ulcer disease gud and duodenal ulcer disease dud concurrent with chronic duodenal insufficiency cdi | MEDAL |
HPC activity in vivo is characterized by concurrent oscillations at theta hz and gamma hz frequencies here we show that cholinergic receptor activation methacholine nm in hippocampal slice cultures induces an oscillatory mode of activity in which the intrinsic network oscillator located in the ca area expresses simultaneous theta and gamma network oscillations pyramidal cells display synaptic theta oscillations characterized by cycles consisting of population epspipsp sequences that are dominated by population ipsps these rhythmic ipsps most probably result from thetamodulated spiking activity of several interneurons at the same time the majority of interneurons consistently display synaptic gamma oscillations these oscillatory cycles consist of fast ON rhythmic events that are likely to reflect excitatory input from ca pyramidal cells interneurons comprising this PET group were identified morphologically they include four known types of interneurons basket olm bistratified and str lucidumspecific cells and one new type of ca interneuron multisubfield cell the oscillatory activity of these interneurons is only weakly correlated between neighbouring cells and in about half of these is modulated by ON theta rhythmicity the overall characteristics of acetylcholineinduced oscillations in slice cultures closely resemble the rhythmicity observed in hippocampal field and single cell recordings in vivo both rhythmicities depend on intrinsic synaptic interactions and are expressed by different cell types the fact that these oscillations persist in a network lacking extrahippocampal connections emphasizes the importance of intrinsic mechanisms in determining this form of hippocampal activity | MEDAL |
this T0 was aimed to evaluate antioxidant response of parsley cells to ppm iron and static magnetic field smf mt the activity of catalase cat and ascorbate peroxidase apx and the contents of malonyldialdehyde iron and ferritin were measured at and h T3 treatments SE to smf increased the activity of cat in treated cells while combination of iron and smf treatments as well as iron supply CT decreased cat activity compared to that of control cells combination of smf with iron treatment reduced iron content of the cells and ameliorated mal effect of iron on cat activity all treatments reduced apx activity however the content of total ascorbate increased in response to iron and smfiron the results showed that among the components of antioxidant system of parsley cells enhanced activity of cat in smftreated cells and increase of ascorbate in smffetreated ones were responsible for the maintenance of membranes integrity FER contents of smf and smffetreated cells also decreased significantly h after treatments compared to those of the control cells these results cast doubt on the proposed functions of FER as a putative reactive oxygen species detoxifying molecule | MEDAL |
objective an increasing number of patients with poorgrade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage asah have received endovascular treatment endovascular treatment of poorgrade asah however is based on singlecenter retrospective studies and predictors of longterm outcome have not been well defined using results from a multicenter prospective registry the authors aimed to develop preoperative and postoperative prognostic models to predict poor outcome T3 endovascular treatment of poorgrade asah methods a multicenter poorgrade aneurysm study ampas was a prospective and observational registry of consecutive patients with poorgrade asah from october to march patients were enrolled in the registry and patients receiving endovascular treatment were included in this T0 outcome was assessed by modified rankin scale mrs score at months and poor outcome was defined as an mrs score of or prognostic models were developed in multivariate LR models the area under receiver operating characteristic curves auc was used to assess the models discriminatory ability and hosmerlemeshow goodnessoffit tests were used to assess the calibration results at months patients had a poor outcome had an mrs score of had an mrs score of and had died univariate analyses showed that older age p female sex p lower GCS p a world federation of neurosurgical societies wfns grade of v p higher fisher grade p modified fisher grade p and wider neck aneurysm p were associated with a poor outcome there was a trend toward a worse outcome in patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms p and in those with incompletely occluded aneurysms p T3 endovascular treatment the presence of CBF infarction p symptomatic vasospasm p and pneumonia p were associated with a poor outcome multivariate analyses showed that the preoperative prognostic model including age a wfns grade of v modified fisher grade and aneurysm neck size had excellent discrimination with an auc of ci p and a postoperative model that included these predictors as well as postoperative pneumonia had excellent discrimination auc ci p both models had good calibration p and pences between the midacceleration and maximum velocity phases of sprint running have not yet been adequately investigated twenty male sprinters performed maximumeffort sprint runs and measurements were made at m from start for the midacceleration phase and at m from the start for the maximum velocity phase kinematic data and ground reaction forces grfs were collected at a rate of and hz respectively intersegmental dynamics analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of muscle torque mus with other passive torques the peak horizontal braking force was significantly lower for the acceleration compared with that for the maximal velocity phase whereas the peak horizontal propulsive force was similar for both phases the peak mus at the hip and knee joints for the braking phase was significantly smaller in the acceleration phase than in the maximum velocity phase in conclusion compared with the maximum velocity phase the lower horizontal braking force was the primary cause for the increase in running velocity during the midacceleration phase the force produced by lower limb muscles required to counteract external torques caused by the horizontal braking force in the braking phase was smaller during the acceleration phase than the maximum velocity phase therefore training aimed at reducing the horizontal braking force might be more important than increasing the force produced by the lower limb muscles for success of the midacceleration phase | MEDAL |
two young patients with massive intestinal one resulting from a solitary SM arterial abnormality of the jejunum are reported in one case the one lesion was localized only by emergency ABD angiography while a previous exploratory LAP proved negative the vascular lesion encountered in both patients consisted of a wide caliber artery lying in the jejunal submucosa there was no evidence of true aneurysm on serial sections the clinicopathological picture closely resembles that of lesions previously described in the stomach under the name of gastric submucosal aneurysms in the english literature or of gastric dieulafoys erosion in the french literature it is suggested that the V1 lesions herein reported should be called solitary large submucosal artery or dieulafoylike erosion of the jejunum | MEDAL |
early PCD of ID is recognized as important for avoiding infectious complications that compromise outcomes in particular severe combined immunodeficiency scid is fatal in infancy unless affected infants can be diagnosed before the ON of devastating infections and provided with an immune system through allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation enzyme replacement or GT a biomarker of normal t cell development t cell receptor excision circles trecs can be measured in dna isolated from the dried blood spots routinely obtained for P0 screening infants identified as lacking trecs can thus receive confirmatory testing and prompt intervention early results of trec testing of newborns in five states indicate that this addition to the newborn screening panel can be successfully integrated into state public health programs a variety of cases with typical scid genotypes and other t lymphocytopenic conditions have been detected in a timely manner and referred for appropriate early treatment | MEDAL |
breast cancer accounts for approximately one quarter of all cancers in females estrogen and Rp testing has become an essential part of the clinical DUE of breast carcinoma patients and accurate results are critical in identifying patients who may benefit from hormone therapy the present T0 had the aim of investigating the concordance of the results from HR tests between a reference laboratory and local or community laboratories in brazil | MEDAL |
the open trial selective reminding test otsrt is a modification of the srt that also evaluates new learning abilities the examinee is asked to learn a list of words over a maximum of trials using a criterionreferenced approach the list is repeatedly administered until a criterion of CR recall on two consecutive trials is achieved training to criterion provides a better assessment of learning ability than the traditional fixed trial listlearning paradigm recall and recognition is then tested and T2 following the learning trials this paper presents normative data on the otsrt for HCs study and participants with CDMS study | MEDAL |
host cytoskeletons facilitate the entry replication and egress of viruses because cytoskeletons are essential for viral survival one mechanism of resisting viral infections involves regulating cytoskeletal polymerizationdepolymerization however the molecular mechanisms of regulating these changes in cytoskeleton to suppress viral replication remain unclear we established a cell line named hashlt from the pupal testis of helicoverpa armigera lepidoptera noctuidae the new testis cell L1 suppresses autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus acmnpv replication via disassembly of CSK upregulation of thymosin actin disassembling factor and adf actin depolymerizing factor reduces factin silencing thymosin or adf or treating cells with the factin stabilizer phalloidin led to increased acmnpv replication while treating cells with an factin assembly inhibitor cytochalasin b decreased viral replication we infer that hashlt cells utilize factin depolymerization to suppress acmnpv replication by upregulating thymosin and adf we propose hashlt as a model system for investigating CSK regulation in antiviral action and testicular biology generally | MEDAL |
ltetrahydropalmatine rotundium is an alkaloid of corydalis turtschaninovii some animal experiments had demonstrated that rotundium had a good antiarrhythmic effect in blocking the calcium channel and that it was a class iv antiarrhythmic agent similar to that of bepridil in literatures this is a clinical report of rotundium oral given on an atrial fibrillation af patients the therapeutical results were evaluated by hours ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and ecg the results showed that the ERP rate of rotundium on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sustained atrial fibrillation of mm LA diameter or more was while lad of less than mm was p among cases duration of af were months or more cases were effective the effective rate while among cases duration of af were less than weeks cases were converted to sinus rhythm cases were effective there was a significant difference between two groups age and sex exerted no effect on tau during taking rotundium blood pressure had no apparent changes and no severe side effects were found the results showed that rotundium is an effective safe new drug to treat af especially in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation the antiarrhythmic mechanism of rotundium might be related to its prolonging of the ERP refractory period of atrial and AVN | MEDAL |
an AS against crustacean cardioactive peptide was used in indirect immunocytochemistry on wholemounts and vibratome sections to map immunoreactive SN at various stages of postembryonic development of the hawkmoth manduca sexta about immunoreactive neurons were identified many of these cells are immunoreactive at hatching and persist into the adult stage others become immunoreactive late in postembryonic OD during adult development transient immunoreactivity is expressed in several cells in the subesophageal and thoracic ganglia two sets of immunoreactive neurons are found in the protocerebrum of larvae but only one of these sets persists into the AD stage paired lateral interneurons and NS neurons are segmentally repeated in the abdominal ganglia and are present from the first larval stage to the adult the ABD interneurons project contralaterally to arborizations in adjacent ganglia and some ascend to tritocerebral arborizations the abdominal neurosecretory cells which correspond to a pair of cells reported to contain bursicon project posteriorly to neurohemal release organs motor neurons of dorsal external oblique ABD muscles become immunoreactive in the fourth larval stage paired median NS cells of ABD ganglia become immunoreactive during the fifth larval stage the immunoreactive median and lateral abdominal NSC are a subset of a group of cells known to contain cardioactive peptides paired lateral NS cells of the subesophageal ganglion become immunoreactive during pupation and project to the corpora cardiaca and aorta of the adult many of the SN identified here are comparable to crustacean cardioactive peptideimmunoreactive cells described previously in locusts and the mealworm beetle | MEDAL |
introduction of a hydroxyl group into the thiazole ring nitrogen of cephalosporins belonging to the cefotiam and cefotaxime families gave rise to products better described by the tautomeric noxide form which proved particularly AS against GNB cephems bearing a zalkoxyimino functionality are of special interest for broadness of spectrum among them betazaminothiazolylnoxide methoxyiminoacetamidotetrazolob pyridazinylthiomethylcephemcarboxylic acid c fce in other ways similar to cefotaxime showed useful C2 of activity against cephalosporinaseproducing strains resistant to the REF drug preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated the therapeutic tau of the new compound in the treatment of exp SVR subcutaneous and urinary tract infections in mice | MEDAL |
hmonoacetyl derivative of the major neurotoxin of venom obtained from naja naja oxiana was used as a marker of the nicotinic cholinoreceptor nchr it was shown that IB of neurotoxin with the CM of bovine caudate nuclei unlike IB with the membranes of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscles is less strong and cannot be blocked CR with high concentrations of neurotoxin and dtubocurarine serum of the rabbits immmunized with the protein preparation isolated from the CM of CN inhibited the IB of the marker by the membranes of Cd nuclei to a greater measure than by muscle CM it is concluded that the marker in question can be used for detecting nchr in caudate nuclei and that this cholinoreceptor differs from that of muscles | MEDAL |
insulin resistance ir and secondary hyperinsulinaemia are L1 risk AF of atherosclerosis and probably also of related GS angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors acei while improving ir in essential hypertension do not improve it in patients with chronic renal disease thus the combination of acei and low protein diet was evaluated thirtyeight patients with various kidney diseases and mild to moderate impairment of kidney function were included in the T0 thirteen of them suffered from ir their dietary protein NI was decreased from or gkgd to gkgd moreover they were treated by acei EN at dosages of mgd depending on the absencepresence and severity of hypertension the patients were followed for months no clinically relevant kidney disease progression kdp was found ir patients improved remarkably ir was examined by the oral glucose ATT and glucose insulin and cpeptide determinations their increased plasma triglyceride vldl concentrations and PU decreased hdl concentration increased acidbase balance and anaemia did not change it is concluded that protein restriction in combination with acei treatment improve ir and the associated dyslipoproteinaemia and PU | MEDAL |
the functional aa polymorphism of the stromelysin promoter has been implicated as a potential genetic marker for the progression of angiographically determined atherosclerosis in patients with coronary i.a. disease recently a novel interleukin il gene functional gc polymorphism at in the promoter has also been reported in this study we analyzed the relation of these two polymorphisms with carotid artery atherosclerosis in randomly selected middleaged men without exerciseinduced ischemia atherosclerosis was quantified as intimamedia thickness imt by highresolution ultrasonography univariately stromelysin genotype was significantly p associated with imt and this relation remained p after adjustments for age CRF body mass index smoking ldl cholesterol and systolic blood pressure and for sonographers the aa polymorphism independently explained of the variance in carotid bifurcation imt the il polymorphism was also significantly associated p with increased imt with men homozygous for the g allele having imt that was greater than men homozygous for the c S2 men who were homozygous for both the a and g alleles had an covariate adjusted imt that was greater than men who were homozygous for neither allele p these data suggest that genetic factors that predispose to reduced matrix remodeling stromelysin a S2 and to increased inflammation il g allele combine to increase susceptibility for intimamedia thickening in the carotid bifurcation a predilection site for atherosclerosis | MEDAL |
in patients with CL cirrhosis lc and the portal hypertension syndrome the complex hemodynamical investigations were performed it was established that portosystemic HIVE pse is caused by the portosystemic shunts occurrence resulting in lowering of the volumetric blood flow in portal vein and HA the diameter and IL pressure in portal vein are diminished it was observed in patients with HIVE comparing with healthy persons the hyperdynamical state of splenic blood circulation with the volumetric blood flow enhancement in a et v lienalis and in patients with lc suffering pse the volumetric blood flow in a et v lienalis is less than in patients without HIVE while encephalopathy there was observed the enhancement of volumetric component of arterial blood and the lowering of the blood component from v portae in common hepatic blood flow including the CL inflow level and the sinusoid vessels level | MEDAL |
to determine whether pregnancy modifies the HL response to a cholesterolrich diet pregnant and virgin rats were fed a semisynthetic diet supplemented crd or not cd with cholesterol and CA acid and studied at d of treatment andor gestation plasma triglycerides free fatty acids and glycerol and CL triglycerides were greater in Pr than in virgin rats fed crd the increase in both plasma and CL cholesterol caused by crd did not differ in the two CG in rats fed cd LIPC activity in liver was lower in Pr than in virgin rats while in those fed crd virgin rats had lower activity than those fed cd plasma vldltriglycerides were higher and ldltriglycerides lower in pregnant than in virgin rats fed cd among those fed crd Pr rats had a higher triglyceride concentration in vldl and hdl than virgin rats cholesterol concentration was higher in vldl and idl and lower in hdl in both groups fed crd than in those fed cd while cholesterol level in ldl was higher only in Pr rats fed crd than in those fed cd whereas placental cholesterol concentration was higher in pregnant rats fed crd than cd maternal crd intake did not modify fetal plasma lipoprotein concentrations fetal body weight or LS indicating a lack of cholesterol transfer by the rat placenta results therefore show a greater responsiveness to crd in Pr than in virgin rats and we propose that crd promotes greater liver vldlproduction and lower ldl removal in Pr than in virgin rats | MEDAL |
the threedimensional structure of leishmania tarentolae adenine phosphoribosyltransferase aprt in complex with adenosinemonophosphate amp and a phosphate ion has been solved refinement against xray diffraction data extending to a resolution led to a final crystallours as a consequence of the inhalation of iron dust the iron overload of welders siderosis is usually considered to be confined to the lungs here we present three proven cases of welders siderosis associated with evidence of increased total SVR iron stores as evidenced by increased SF C2 multiple investigations including molecular genotyping for the common mutations found in GH failed to prove this was due to HFE nor was there any evidence of any other recognised cause of systemic iron overload thus the systemic iron overload described seems likely to be due to either occupational SE an uncharacterised genetic haemochromatosis or a combination of both | MEDAL |
splenomegaly is sometimes recognized in autoimmune diseases and CP however it has not yet been studied in autoimmune pancreatitis aip the current T0 analyzed splenic volume and its associated AF in cases with aip | MEDAL |
ultrasound is known to overestimate kidney stone size we explored measuring the acoustic shadow behind kidney stones combined with different ultrasound imaging modalities to improve stone sizing accuracy | MEDAL |
wireless systems and services have undergone remarkable OD since the first mobile phone system was introduced in the early s the use of sensors in an ambient intelligence RPA is a great solution in a medical environment we define a communication architecture to facilitate the information transfer between all connected devices this model is based in layers to allow the collection of measurement data to be used in our FR monitoring architecture an overlaybased solution is built between network elements in order to provide an efficient and highly PET communication platform that allows the connection of a wide variety of devices and technologies and serves also to perform additional functions such as the possibility to perform some processing in the network that may help to improve overall performance | MEDAL |
the paper describes the energetic feed evaluation systems for ruminants pigs poultry and horses presently used in germany during the last ten years the ausschuss für bedarfsnormen afb committee of nutrient requirements of the gesellschaft für ernährungsphysiologie gfe society of nutritional physiology introduced new recommendations for SE requirements of domestic animals including national and international references the energetic requirements were factorially deduced demand for maintenance and various performances under consideration of partial efficiency of utilized metabolizable energy me for various performances kvalues except for lactating cows NE lactation nel the SE requirements of other ruminants as well as of pigs and poultry are given in me at present the SE requirement of horses is still expressed as digestible energy de besides several energy requirements reported there are equations to determine and to calculate the SE content of feeds gfe and corresponding tables with include the nutritive values of feedstuffs for various species the energy content of mixed feeds may be estimated by specific equations | MEDAL |
typical general transcription factors such as tata binding protein and tfii b have not yet been identified in any member of the trypanosomatidae family of parasitic protozoa interestingly mrna coding genes do not appear to have discrete transcriptional start sites although in most cases they require an rna polymerase that has the biochemical properties of eukaryotic rna polymerase ii a discrete TIS may not be necessary for mrna synthesis since the sequences upstream of each transcribed coding region are trimmed from the nascent transcript when a short mgcapped rna is added during mrna maturation this short nt mgcapped rna the spliced leader sl sequence is expressed as an approximately nt long rna from a set of reiterated though independently transcribed genes in the trypanosome genome punctuation of the end of mrnas by a mg capcontaining spliced leader is a developing theme in the lower eukaryotic world organisms as diverse as euglena and nematode worms including caenorhabditis elegans utilize sl rna in their mrna maturation programs towards understanding the coordination of sl rna and mrna expression in trypanosomes we have begun by characterizing sl rna gene expression in the MM trypanosome leptomonas seymouri using a rat in vitro transcription system we demonstrate in this T0 that the sl rna is transcribed by rna polymerase ii during sl rna transcription accurate initiation is determined by an initiator element with a loose consensus of cyacayr this element as well as two additional basal promoter elements is divergent in CS from the basal transcription elements seen in other eukaryotic gene promoters we show here that the in vitro transcription extract contains a IB activity that is specific for the Inr and thus may participate in recruiting rna polymerase ii to the sl rna gene promoter | MEDAL |
we introduce our solution developed for data privacy and specifically for cognitive security that can be enforced and guaranteed using blockchain technology in saal smart ambient assisted living environments personal clinical and demographic information segments to various levels that assures that it can only be rebuilt at the interested and authorized parties and no profiling can be extracted from the blockchain itself using our proposal the access to a patients clinical process resists tampering and ransomware attacks that have recently plagued the his hospital MIS in various countries the core of the blockchain model assures nn rate that is significantly slower than that of sde which may confer prolonged kinase inhibition in vivo while it is still unclear whether sde has another signaling partner or shares the HK with sde sde is the only orphan hnox characterized to date s degradans is likely using a dualhnox system to finetune the downstream response of no signaling | MEDAL |
guidelines for assessing the function of gluteus minimus and GM with electromyography emg traditionally offer one electrode placement site per muscle however anatomical studies suggest that there are two uniquely oriented segments within gluteus minimus anterior and posterior and three within GM anterior middle and posterior with potential for independent CF assessment of these muscles with one electrode may therefore provide only a limited account of their role thus the aim of this CAD T0 was to verify guidelines for placing IM electrodes into two uniquely oriented segments of gluteus minimus and three segments of gluteus medius the guidelines were developed with REF to anatomical reports CAD observation and realtime US in vivo five CAD gluteal regions were marked for IM electrode insertions based on these guidelines intramuscular electrodes were inserted into the marked regions of gluteus minimus à and gluin d discoideum did not involve parp activation however it involved cathepsin d results indicated that an alternative mechanism may be existing in d discoideum that lacks bcl family proteins for sts induced cell death that evades bax involvement | MEDAL |
a freezefracture T0 of xenopus embryos at the eightcell stage revealed the presence of tight junctions and small aggregations of a diameter intramembranous particles these aggregations consisted of up to ten particles and resembled forming gap junctions examination of early blastulae showed that fully developed gap junctions were present apparently occurring very infrequently these results support the contention that specialized junctions mediate electrical coupling during early amphibian development | MEDAL |
the effect of intravenous nitroglycerin administration on CE hemodynamics criteria end Pd in the pulmonary i.a. and cardiac SO was analysed in a controlled T0 of patients with acute myocardial infarction nitroglycerininduced changes in the parameters were shown to be related to the hemodynamic state at baseline with the improvement in left ventricular functional state being significant in the presence of left VVI insufficiency and the changes minimal in the presence of normal baseline parameters thus nitroglycerin can be used in patients with hemodynamic alterations without a detrimental effect | MEDAL |
an enzyme CPE containing three different enzymes was developed for the determination of lphenylalanine this sensor is based on the enzymaticelectrochemical recycling of tyrosinase in combination with salicylate hydroxylase and lphenylalanine dehydrogenase padh the enzymes salicylate hydroxylase and tyr were coimmobilized first in a carbon paste electrode for the sensitive PCD of nadh the principle of the bienzyme scheme is as follows the first enzyme salicylate hydroxylase converts salicylate to catechol in the presence of oxygen and nadh the second enzyme tyrosinase then oxidizes the catechol to oquinone which is electrochemically detected and reduced back to catechol at the electrode at an eappl mv vs agagcl this results in an amplified signal due to the recycling of the catechol and oquinone between tyrosinase and the surface of the electrode prior to adding padh the salicylate hydroxylasetyrosinase carbon paste electrode was characterized in terms of its sensitivity to nadh ph dependence buffer composition interferences and stability interference from ascorbic acid and uric acid was found to be minimal human SS was used to investigate whether this bienzyme system was suitable for the detection of nadh in SS and blood samples the sensitivity for nadh was increased by a factor of times using the bienzyme amplification scheme electroreduction of oquinone at eappl mv as opposed to the salicylate hydroxylase singleenzyme system at which catechol would have been oxidized at eappl mv vs agagcl the detection limit for nadh achieved by the bienzyme CPE was vs microm for the singleenzyme carbon paste electrode the salicylate hydroxylasetyrosinase system was then coupled with phenylalanine dehydrogenase for lphenylalanine determination this multienzyme sensor was able to achieve a linear range of microm and a PCD limit of microm for lphenylalanine the sensitivity is sufficient since the reference clinical range for lphenylalanine is microm | MEDAL |
multiple unit activity in response to visual stimulation was recorded in the following telencephalic areas of the painted turtle lateral and medial divisions of the dorsal SC lateral and medial divisions of the DVR and the striatum the data confirm anatomical evidence for ascending visual input to the dorsal cortex the LD VVI ridge and the striatum the ID of a new visual zone in a medial division of the DVR suggests that turtles and perhaps other reptiles possess at least visual pallial areas | MEDAL |
multiple nonpulmonary organ failure contributes significantly to the high mortality rate associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome ards however little is known about specific structural andor functional alterations that occur in nonpulmonary organs in this syndrome therefore the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that inflammatory cell infiltration and structural changes occur both in the lungs and in nonpulmonary organs in ards to test this hypothesis neutrophil accumulation and structural alterations were evaluated in nonpulmonary organs from dogs with ALI produced by intravenous PMA acetate pma microgramskg n as expected morphologic changes were present in the lungs of the pmatreated animals and included a diffuse neutrophilic pneumonitis with interstitial V1 and alveolar components pmatreated dogs had significant increases in neutrophils expressed as pmnmm tissue section area compared with those in control animals in the following organs HR versus brain versus duodenum versus liver versus p less than all comparisons in addition severe CN and inflammation of vessels sinusoidal thrombosis and hepatic CN were noted in the liver like the changes noted in the lung hepatic lesions appeared to be vascular in origin and were consistent with lesions produced by the intravascular activation of neutrophils no microscopic lesions were detected in the brain kidney duodenum and heart taken together the finding of concurrent lung injury CL injury and nonpulmonary organ neutrophil accumulation suggests the possibility of a common pathway of injury in this MM of ards | MEDAL |
we performed a genomewide association T0 on individuals with ABD aortic aneurysms aaas and controls from iceland and the netherlands with a followup of top markers in up to individuals with aaas and controls the a allele of rs on q was found to associate with aaa with an odds ratio or of and p x in tests for association with other V1 diseases we found that rsa is associated with early ON myocardial infarction or p x peripheral arterial disease or p x and pulmonary embolism or p but not with intracranial aneurysm or IS no association was observed between rsa and common risk factors for arterial and A-V diseasesthat is smoking lipid C2 obesity type diabetes and hypertension rs is located within dabip which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival | MEDAL |
in this paper we review the influence of external noise on human tactile sensation as outlined in prior and current studies in the last few decades researchers have found that although noise is always considered detrimental it provides the benefit of stochastic resonance sr phenomena based on previous studies we investigate the effect of the sr phenomenon on human tactile sensation in this context we developed a system consisting of an experimental apparatus and a computer program and performed a series of psychophysical experiments using different types of stimulus with normal vibration the exp results show that tactile sensation precision can be enhanced by an AGA level of external noise furthermore we introduce a neural network model composed of nonlinear neurons with a bistable equilibrium condition to clarify the result finally we perform a CS of psychophysical experiments with tangential vibration to clarify which conditions of vibration direction and stimulus size cause the strongest sr the results show that the normal DL dl is significantly affected by CS- point size on the other hand neither normal nor tangential dl is significantly affected by stimulus point size moreover the characteristics of sr with normal vibration are quite different from those with tangential vibration | MEDAL |
in this study artemia salina crustacean filter feeders larvae were used as a test MM to investigate the toxicity of aluminum oxide NPs alo nps on marine microorganisms the uptake toxicity and beta of αalo nm and μm and γalo nm and μm nps were studied twentyfour and ninetysix hour exposures of different concentrations of alo nps to artemia larvae were conducted in a seawater medium when suspended in water alo nps aggregated substantially with the sizes ranging from nm to µm for spherical nps and from to nm for rodshaped nps the phase contrast microscope images showed that nps deposited inside the guts as aggregates ICP mass spectrometry analysis showed that C1 particles μm αalo were not taken up by artemia whereas fine nps μm γalo and ultrafine nps nm γalo and nm αalo accumulated substantially differences in toxicity were detected as changing with np size and morphology the malondialdehyde levels indicated that smaller γalo nm nps were more toxic than larger γalo µm particulates in h the highest mortality was measured as in h for γalo nps nm at mgl lc mgl γalo nps were more toxic than αalo nps at all conditions | MEDAL |
the gold nanostructures fabricated on a substrate yield localized surface plasmon resonance we describe the fabrication and characterization of nanocrescents on a Si substrate which are fabricated by depositing a gold film at an oblique angle through nanosphere lithography following the etching of the gold perpendicular to the ATP and the removal of the nanospheres by dissolution nanocrescents with fine nanostructures are generated by varying the deposition angle of the gold film from degrees to degrees nanorings d and d nanocrescents can be obtained during the nanocrescent fabrication we also compared the deposition angle difference between the ebeam and thermal evaporators for oblique depositions of the gold the d nanocrescents fabricated in our experiments are expected to have improved sensitivity in localized SPR measurements when compared to the previously reported d nanocrescents which enable broader biosensor applications simulations of the profiles of these d nanocrescents using solid geometry show good consistency with the fabricated ones | MEDAL |
the gut bacterial community of woodfeeding beetles has been examined for its role on plant digestion and biocontrol method development monochamus alternatus and psacothea hilaris both belonging to the subfamily lamiinae are woodfeeding beetles found in eastern asia and europe and generally considered as destructive pests for pine and mulberry trees respectively however limited reports exist on the gut bacterial communities in these species here we characterized gut bacterial community compositions in larva and imago of each insect species reared with host tree logs and artificial diets as food sources highthroughput pyrosequencing of bacterial s rrna gene revealed operational taxonomic units otus based on a sequences similarity cutoff from CS reads the majority of which were derived from proteobacteria firmicutes and actinobacteria the otu network analysis revealed modules with densely connected otus in specific gut samples in which the distributions of lactococcus kluyvera serratia and enterococcusrelated otus were distinct between diet types or developmental stages of the host insects the gut bacterial communities were separated on a detrended correspondence analysis dca plot and by cmeans fuzzy clustering analysis according to diet type the results from this study suggest that diet was the main determinant for gut bacterial community composition in the two beetles | MEDAL |
although the hemodynamics during orthotopic liver transplantation is unstable it is very important for new CL to get wellcontrolled hemodynamics thus hemodynamic changes were studied especially in relation to the influence of anesthetic agents and bypass flow in orthotopic CL transplantation in pig hemodynamic changes associated with nla gos sevoflurane and gof anesthesia were evaluated it was difficult to maintain arterial pressure and to recover cardiac SO with nla after the bypass was removed gos with which the hemodynamic condition was best maintained and no hepatotoxicity was manifest proved the most useful of the three anesthetic agents hemodynamic studies based on bypass flow were made by comparing two groups a HF mlkgmin and a low flow mlkgmin groups following the bypass MM T0 conducted by and mlkgmin flow rates with the fixed infusion speed in the high flow group cardiac output and pulmonary arterial pressure were better maintained during the anhepatic phase and at the removal of the bypass it is estimated that the low flow group was within the limits permitted but beyond safety limits also from the bypass MM T0 it is suggested that approximately mlkgmin was the AGA flow rate in pig | MEDAL |
in patients with AS cardiovascular disease ascvd guidelines recommend optimizing statin treatment and consensus pathways suggest use of ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisinkexin type pcsk inhibitors in patients with persistently elevated lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ldlc levels despite use of statins recent trials have provided evidence of benefit in reduction of cardiovascular events with these agents | MEDAL |
the HR of animals is regulated through the CNS system in response to external sensory stimuli we found however that the adult neurogenic HR of the isopod crustacean ligia exotica has photosensitivity the beat frequency of the isolated HR decreased in response to a light stimulus magnitude of the response was stimulus intensity dependent and the heartbeat frequency decreased to less than of the dark value during illumination of the WL with an intensity of mw cm the spectral sensitivity curve of the heart photoresponse peaked at a wavelength around nm in response to nm monochromatic CS the relationship between CS intensity and response magnitude was linear and the threshold intensity was x quanta cm s bursting activity of the cardiac ganglion which is located in the HR and acts as the cardiac pacemaker deceased in frequency in response to illumination by WL this fact suggests that the HR photoresponse of l exotica results from the photosensitivity of the cardiac ganglion neurons the photoresponse of the heart therefore contributes to regulation of cardiac output in addition to other regulatory systems | MEDAL |
during many movements eg running jumping and kicking there is little time for skeletal muscles to build up force thus rapid force OD is important the length dependency of ISO force OD was investigated in maximally G1 GM muscles in situ with intact blood flow at degrees c depending on time available for muscle activation the length dependency of force OD was expected to differ from that of the maximal isometric force fmax reached much later during the contraction during isometric force development in IN muscletendon S9 the contractile elements actually shortened therefore similar to previous findings on shortening contractions it was hypothesized that maximal rate of force development mrfd would be obtained at a length below the optimum lo for maximal isometric force production to measure the effect of the entire time PH of activation force time integrals ftis for different activation times ms were also calculated the highest mrfd was obtained mm below p lo when expressed relative to fmax obtained at each individual length the optimum was found at lo mm for fti ms and fti ms optimum length was obtained at approximately and mm above p lo respectively whereas the optima for fti and ms were approximately mm below p lo in addition at short lengths lo mm and for all activation times ftis were relatively more decreased than fmax in conclusion length dependency of force output during rapid force OD differed from that of MIF specifically mrfd was obtained mm below lo | MEDAL |
studies in instrumental dogs have suggested that the pericardium alters left VVI diastolic pressurevolume relations and thus may influence systolic performance however the instrumentation used in these studies disrupts the pericardium and may have influenced the results we therefore studied five conscious dogs by methods not traumatic to the pericardium before and after pericardiectomy although HR rate and left VVI systolic and enddiastolic pressures were not different before or after pericardiectomy either at rest or during volume loading enddiastolic volume measured by biplane twodimensional echocardiography increased post pericardiectomy at rest from se to ml p less than and during volume loading from to ml p less than T3 pericardiectomy ejection fraction was unchanged but the peak value of the first derivative of left ventricular systolic pressure dpdt increased significantly at rest from to x mm hgsec we conclude that pericardiectomy shifts the left VVI EDV pressurevolume curve to the right and increases the systolic isovolumic index of dpdt in the basal state | MEDAL |
borrelia burgdorferi specific dna has been detected by PCR reaction pcr in different specimens of patients with lyme disease ld the aim of the present T0 is to evaluate pcrdiagnostic of urine specimens regarding rheumatologic diagnosis of lyme disease urine specimens of patients ld n UA ua n arthralgiamyalgia am n and controls were investigated flagellin gene specimens or ospaplasmid specimens were used as targets sensitivity of the flagellinnestedpcr was by ospanestedpcr only one positive pcr result was found despite of low sensitivity pcr enabled the correct diagnosis of ld in two patients classified as ua therefore pcr can give valuable hints in single cases if ld is clinically suspected | MEDAL |
NC nc is defined by increased calcium content of the kidney to be identified radiologically it must be substantially gross accumulation of calcium within renal tissue the incidence of nc in children is very low the main causes of nc are hypercalcemic states with hypercalciuria and various tubular disorders although renal calcification may induce interstitial and tubular damage nc is relatively rare associated with renal failure we present three children with such an association in those patients primary distal tubular acidosis hyperoxaluria type i and familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and NC were diagnosed the former two patients developed TRF in the school age whereas in the latter one only moderate renal ii although they do support the replication of distantly related members of the cystoviridae phi can mutate to independence of yajq this requires two mutations in the gene for the rnadependent rna polymerase yajq acts indirectly on the polymerase by binding to p the L1 structural protein of the core previous studies have shown that the activity of the polymerase in the core is controlled by the conformation of the core particle structure | MEDAL |
many macropodids exhibit lactational quiescence during which an embryo produced at postpartum mating is retained as a blastocyst in utero while a pouch young is sucking the sucking CS- maintains secretion of prolactin which may in some species inhibit the activity of the CL and hence the OD of the embryo when the sucking frequency decreases the blastocyst resumes development in the present study the dopamine agonist bromocriptine which in many mammals results in decreased secretion of prolactin from the PIT gland was po to the tasmanian bettong bettongia gaimardi at two different doses mg kg and mg kg although lactation was affected by both doses as evidenced by slower growth of the pouch young or their loss in only two cases did the quiescent blastocyst activate at the time of i.t. this occurred with the highest dose of bromocriptine and was reflected by earlier changes in plasma progesterone concentrations it is concluded that the tasmanian bettong is unusual in its lack of sensitivity to bromocriptine | MEDAL |
tendonsligaments insert into bone via a transitional structure the enthesis which is susceptible to injury and difficult to repair fibrocartilaginous entheses contain fibrocartilage in their transitional zone part of which is mineralized mineralassociated proteins within this zone have not been adequately characterized members of the small Int binding ligand nlinked glycoprotein sibling family are acidic phosphoproteins expressed in mineralized tissues here we show that two sibling proteins bone sialoprotein bsp and osteopontin opn are present in the mouse enthesis histological analyses indicate that the calcified zone of the quadriceps tendon enthesis is longer in bsp mice however no difference is apparent in the supraspinatus tendon enthesis in an analysis of mineral content within the calcified zone microct and raman spectroscopy reveal that the mineral content in the calcified fibrocartilage of the quadriceps tendon enthesis are similar between wild type and bsp mice mechanical testing of the PT shows that while the tendons fail under similar loads the bsp patellar tendon is larger in cross sectional area than wild type tendons resulting in a reduction in failure stress however picrosirius red IF shows no difference in collagen organization data collected here indicate that bsp is present in the calcified fibrocartilage of mu entheses and suggest that bsp plays a RII role in this structure influencing the growth of the calcified fibrocartilage in addition to the weakening of the tendon mechanical properties based on the phenotype of the bsp mouse enthesis and the known in vitro PET properties of the protein bsp may be a useful therapeutic molecule in the reattachment of tendons and ligaments to bone | MEDAL |
drug development can be a science of extrapolation if the use of a drug exposureresponse relationship is embraced and implemented through mechanistically oriented pharmacokinetic pkpharmacodynamic pd modeling analysis and clinical trial simulation the traditional requirement of at least adequate and wellcontrolled phase iii studies by the us food and drug administration for drug approval can be waived in certain situations substantially reducing the resources and time in this article the authors introduce a real drug development case where the chance for this exemption was maximized by actively using pkpd modeling followed by CT simulation resulting in faster and more economical introduction of a new dosage regimen to patients | MEDAL |
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