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immunocytochemical application of the antimuscarinic acetylcholine receptor antibody m to pancreas tissue revealed the target Az for the parasympathetic nervous system immunoreactivity in the endocrine pancreas was much higher than that in the exocrine part moreover the endocrine cells at the periphery of the islets of langerhans displayed the highest level of immunoreactivity based on these findings in the mantle of the islets two types of islets have been distinguished typei islets with intensely stained mantle cells and typeii islets with a much lower concentration of these cells on average typei islets were larger microns sem than typeii islets microns sem mimmunoreactivity was present on the majority of d cells which were characterized by their immunoreactivity to somatostatin of d cells were mimmunopositive however only a small proportion of the intensely stained mantle cells belonged to the d cell population therefore it is concluded that the majority of the intensely stained mantle cells represent glucagonsecreting a andor pancreatic polypeptidesecreting f cells the intensity of mimmunoreactivity at the periphery and CE core of the islets paralleled the density of ACh innervation suggesting a positive rho between the intensity of cholinergic transmission and the number of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors at the target structures the present study further revealed some striking parallels for the mACh receptor characteristics between the endocrine pancreas and the central NS | MEDAL |
many marine biology studies depend on field work on ships or remote sampling locations where sophisticated sample preservation techniques eg highpressure freezing are often limited or unavailable our aim was to optimize the ultrastructural preservation of marine invertebrates especially when working in the field to achieve chemicallyfixed material of the highest SQ we compared the resulting ultrastructure of gill tissue of the mussel mytilus edulis when fixed with differently buffered em fixatives fyb upon binding its partner kix by determining the structure of the folding TS for the IB of wildtype and three mutational variants of kix we found a remarkable plasticity of the folding pathway of cmyb to explain this phenomenon we show that the folding of cmyb is templated by the structure of kix this adaptive folding behaviour which occurs by heterogeneous nucleation differs from the robust homogeneous nucleation typically observed for globular proteins we suggest that this templated folding mechanism may enable intrinsically disordered proteins to achieve TPS and reliable IB with multiple partners while avoiding aberrant interactions | MEDAL |
the CL has dual blood supply from the portal vein and HA computed tomographic findings of hepatic neoplasms are greatly influenced by hepatic blood flow and abnormal portal and hepatic arterial blood flow needs to be examined separately by ct arteriography cta and ct during arterial portography ctap both cta and ctap have advantages over conventional ct in that they can provide greater contrast enhancement of hepatic tumors by injecting contrast material directly into the hepatic or superior MES arteries the methods of cta and ctap are described cta and ctap were useful in the detection of small hepatic lesions DUE of changes in hepatic parenchymal blood flow and DUE of portal flow in hepatocellular carcinoma which contribute to the classification of hcc in conclusion cta and ctap were indispensable in selecting a therapeutic RPA | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the LT effect of intravitreal ranibizumab on the RNFL rnfl in exudative agerelated macular degeneration amd patients with treatment naive neovascular amd in one eye were enrolled into the T0 following monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections the patients were evaluated according to disease activity and reinjections were performed according to treat and extend protocol during the followup peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were compared with normal fellow eyes fortyfour eyes of women and men with the mean age of ± years were enrolled into the T0 all patients had completed at least months of followup time patients received an average of i.v. intravitreal injections at baseline no significant difference was observed between two groups for rnfl thickness which was assessed as quadrants p and globally p in each group there was a significant rnfl thinning p and after the third month whereas no significant difference was observed between treated and UT eyes patients were also classified according to the number of i.v. and rnfl thickness showed no difference between eyes treated with less or more than five intravitreal injections p although there was no statistically significant difference in rnfl thickness between study and control eyes during months of followup a significant thinning was recorded in both groups compared with baseline values crosssectional images with higher resolutions and precise segmentation opportunities are needed to investigate the hypothesis vegf NT and inhibition of cell maintenance in detail | MEDAL |
TC and benign thyroid diseases associated with primary hyperparathyroidism phpt may cause difficulties in the diagnosis localization and therapy of phpt in this T0 we analysed coexistent thyroid pathologies in patients who underwent neck exploration with a diagnosis of phpt between five hundred thirteen patients who underwent Tx for nodular thyroid disease without a parathyroid pathology in histopathological examination served as controls in patients with phpt there were cases of coexistent thyroid pathology nine patients had coexistent PTC thyroid cancer nine patients had LT two had benign thyroid adenoma and had nodular PH in one patient there was intrathyroidal metastasis from a parathyroid CA one patient had coexistent lymphocytic thyroiditis and multifocal papillary cancer one of the two cases with thyroid adenomas was hürthle cell type in the control group only patients had thyroid malignancy papillary CA and one follicular cancer in conclusion the coexistent thyroid pathologies are highly prevalent in patients with phpt and pre and intraoperative thyroid examination should be performed to avoid overlooking important thyroid pathologies | MEDAL |
chocolate ice cream is commonly formulated with higher sugar C2 than nonchocolate flavors to compensate for the inherent bitterness of cocoa bitterness however is an integral part of the complex flavor of chocolate in CS of the global obesity epidemic many consumers and health professionals are concerned about the C2 of added sugars in foods once a strategy for balancing undesirable bitterness and health concerns regarding added sugars has been developed the task becomes determining whether that product will be acceptable to the consumer thus the purpose of this research was to manipulate the bitterness of chocolate ice cream to examine how this influences consumer preferences the main goal of this study was to estimate group rejection thresholds for bitterness in chocolate ice cream and to see if solid chocolate preferences dark vs milk generalized to ice cream a foodsafe bitter ingredient SU octaacetate was added to chocolate ice cream to alter bitterness without disturbing other the sensory qualities of the ice cream samples including texture UT chocolate ice cream consumers participated in a largescale sensory test by indicating their preferences for blinded pairs of unspiked and spiked samples where the spiked sample had increasing levels of the added bitterant as anticipated the group containing individuals who prefer milk chocolate had a much lower tolerance for bitterness in their chocolate ice cream compared with the group of individuals who prefer dark chocolate indeed the dark chocolate group tolerated almost twice as much added bitterant in the ice cream before indicating a significant preference for the unspiked control ice cream this work demonstrates the successful application of the rejection threshold method to a complex dairy food estimating AAR thresholds could prove to be an effective tool for determining acceptable formulations or SQ limits when considering attributes that become objectionable at high intensities | MEDAL |
the use of bracing in the treatment of mild idiopathic scoliosis is controversial a T0 of adolescents showed that bracing significantly decreased lung volumes PET residual capacity was reduced by a mean of of children showing a reduction of greater than the mean reduction in total lung capacity was and in forced vital capacity this restriction of lung function by bracing might have a deleterious effect on lung growth or might impose an additional risk factor in the presence of other disorders such as asthma and diaphragmatic weakness the use of bracing in individuals with mild scoliosis should be judiciously reassessed | MEDAL |
a methodological appraisal of the published RCT on the use of dexamethasone as an adjunct treatment in acute bacterial meningitis was carried out to examine whether the available evidence is strong enough to support the routine use of the drug studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in indexed journals after written in english and were randomised controlled trials with dexamethasone as adjunct to antimicrobials in patients with ABM all studies were extracted and their adherence to eight methodological principles was graded as adequate inadequate or unclear a sensitivity analysis was done to examine the robustness of the conclusions seven studies met the eligibility criteria no report adhered to all the principles major threats to validity of the conclusions included potential bias in analysis in all the studies and lack of adjustment for baseline imbalances in four inadequate reporting of adverse effects hindered riskbenefit analysis sensitivity analysis showed that the numbers of patients withdrawn from analysis were enough to invalidate the conclusions it is concluded that the available evidence is not strong enough to support a routine use of dexamethasone in ABM further research is needed to determine the effect of a policy to use dexamethasone early in the management of suspected acute bacterial meningitis future studies should adopt a pragmatic RPA be methodologically rigorous and meticulously measure the risk as well as the benefit of this policy | MEDAL |
an improved method for counting virus and virus like particles by electron microscopy em was developed the procedure involves the determination of the absolute concentration of pure or semipure particles once deposited evenly on em grids using either centrifugation or antibody capture techniques the counting of particles was done with a microfiche unit which enlarged approximately x the image of particles on a developed negative film which had been taken at a relatively low magnification x by em initially latex particles of a known concentration were counted using this approach to prove the accuracy of the technique the latex particles were deposited evenly on an em grid using centrifugation modified beckmen em airfuge technique subsequently recombinant bluetongue virus btv corelike particles clps captured by a monoclonal antibody using a novel sample loading method were counted by the microfiche unit method and by a direct em method comparison of the simplified counting method developed with a conventional method showed good agreement the method is simple accurate rapid and reproducible when used with either pure particles or with particles from crude cell culture extracts | MEDAL |
aging is usually associated with a progressive disruption of the redox balance leading to recurrent damage resulting from oxidative AS oxidative AS resulting from excessive freeradical release is likely implicated in the initiation and progression of motor SMB disorders therefore antioxidant therapies have received considerable attention in motor behavior defects treatment the nuclear factor erythroid related factor nrf binds to antioxidant response element are to induce antioxidant and phase ii detoxification enzymes under conditions of oxidative stress which reduces oxidative stress and accumulation of toxic metabolites testosterone has many physiological and behavioral effects throughout the lifespan and shown to affect motor SMB in adult male rats and gonadectomized rats however whether nrfare pathway is G1 T3 testosterone administration has not been studied in aged rats the tiltingplane test and the horizontalwire test as well as the oxidative stress parameters the expression of nrf heme oxygenase ho and nadph quinone oxidoreductase nqo and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive thir cells in BB were examined in aged rats following chronic subcutaneous i.v. of TP tp our T0 showed that chronic tp supplement significantly ameliorated the decline of balancing reactions and muscular strength associated with aging oxidative AS parameters were ameliorate the expression of nrf ho and nqo at protein or gene levels and the number of thir cells significantly increased in substantia nigra or Cd putamen T3 tp treatment in aged rats our findings demonstrated that chronic tp treatment activated nrfare pathway may influence the maintenance of the balancing reactions and muscular strength and reduce thir cells death in aged rats therefore tp supplement have shown for therapeutic strategies in the treatment and modification of motor SMB disorders | MEDAL |
s aureus vaccine OD has proven particularly difficult the conventional approach to achieve sterile immunity through opsonophagocytic killing has been largely unsuccessful s aureus is highly toxigenic and a great body of evidence suggests that a successful future vaccine for this organism should target extracellular toxins which are responsible for host tissue destruction and immunosuppression L1 staphylococcal toxins are alpha toxin a single subunit hemolysin along with a group of bicomponent poreforming toxins bcpft namely pantonvalentine leukocidin pvl gamma hemolysins hlgcb and ab lukab and luked in our previous report an attenuated mutant of lukspv pvl s subunit named as luksmut elicited high immunogenic response as well as provided a significant protection in a mouse sepsis model recent discovery of pvl receptors shows that mice lack receptors for this toxin thus the reported protection of mice with the pvl vaccine may relate to cross protective responses against other homologous toxins this manuscript addresses this issue by demonstrating that polyclonal antibody generated by luksmut can neutralize other canonical and noncanonical leukotoxin pairs in this report we also demonstrated that several potent toxins can be created by noncanonical pairing of subunits out of pairs of canonical and pairs of noncanonical toxins tested antiluksmut polyclonal antibodies neutralized all except for lukab we also studied the potential hemolytic MICs of canonical and noncanonical pairs among biocomponent toxins and discovered that a novel noncanonical pair consisting of hlga and lukd is a highly toxic combination this pair can lyse rbc from different species including human blood far better than alpha hemolysin moreover to followup our last report we explored the rho between the levels of preexisting antibodies to new sets of leukotoxins subunits and clinical outcomes in AD patients with s aureus bacteremia we found that there is an inversed correlation between the antibody titer to sepsis for leukotoxins luksmut lukfpv hlgc luke and lukab suggesting the risk of sepsis was significantly lower in the patients with higher antibody titer against those toxins | MEDAL |
PL treatment with alum also ho lowers litter phosphorus p solubility and therefore can lower litter p release to runoff T3 land application lower p solubility in litter is generally attributed to aluminumphosphate complex formation however recent studies suggest that alum additions to PL may influence organic p mineralization therefore alumtreated and untreated litters were incubated for d to assess organic p transformations during simulated storage a d soil incubation was also conducted to determine the fate of incorporated litter organic p which included alumtreated litter untreated litter khpo applied at mg p kg of soil and an unamended control liquidstate p nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that phytic acid was the only organic p compound present accounting for and of the total p in UT and alumtreated litters respectively before incubation and declined to and T3 d of storagesimulating incubation sequential fractionation of litters showed that alum addition to litter transformed of the organic p from the mol l hcl to the mol l naoh extractable fraction and that both organic p fractions were more persistent in alumtreated litter compared with untreated litter the soil incubation revealed that mol l naohextractable organic p was more recalcitrant T3 mixing than was the mol l hclextractable organic p thus adding alum to litter inhibits organic p mineralization during storage and promotes the formation of alkaline extractable organic p that sustains lower p solubility in the soil environment | MEDAL |
the objective of our T0 was to compare the influence of moderate exercise on circulatory afterresponse in mildly hypertensive n and normotensive male subjects n to examine the circulatory response to min hyperoxic inactivation of arterial chemoreceptors at rest and during postexercise period in both CG hypertensive men hts with a systolic blood pressure sbp mm hg diastolic blood pressure dbp mm hg and normotensive men nts with a sbp mm hg dbp mm hg were submitted to min of ME on a cycloergometer up to the level of of each subjects resting HR rate reserve finger arterial bp was recorded continuously with finapres impedance reography was used for recording stroke volume cardiac SO and arm blood flow in hts a significant decrease in sbp by mm hg dbp by mm hg total IP resistance tpr by tpr u and in arm vascular resistance avr by pru u was observed over a min postexercise period nts exhibited insignificant changes in sbp dbp avr except a significant decrease in tpr limited only to min postexercise period hyperoxia decreased sbp dbp and tpr in hts this effect was significantly attenuated during the postexercise period longlasting antihypertensive effect of a single DE in hts suggests that ME may be applied as an effective physiological procedure to reduce elevated arterial bp in mild hypertension we suggest also that the attenuation of the sympathoexcitatory arterial chemoreceptor reflex may contribute to a postexercise decrease in arterial bp and in tpr in mildly hypertensive subjects | MEDAL |
this study compared the effects of four types of fiber on satiety and SE intakes at the next meal using a standard doubleblinded preload study design study participants men and women each took part in T0 sessions study preloads were a combination of a solid snack and a liquid beverage SE range mj containing four different types of fiber soluble fiber dextrin g soluble corn fiber g polydextrose g and resistant ST g all four fibers were compared to two control conditions of equal volume an isoenergetic lowfiber preload and a lowerenergy lowfiber preload all preloads were presented twice for a total of mj and g fiber satiety ratings were collected for min intervals for min during the morning testing session a test meal was served at h and SP waste measured the five higherenergy preloads led to higher fullness and lower hunger ratings compared to the lowenergy control but were not significantly different from each other relative to the isoenergetic control only soluble fiber dextrin significantly suppressed energy intakes p supplementing beverages with SF dextrin affects short term SE NI and may have implications for weight control | MEDAL |
the fragile x mental retardation gene fmr which codes for the fragile x mental retardation protein fmrp is located at xp the normal allele of the fmr gene typically has to cgg repeats in the untranslated region abnormal alleles of dynamic mutations include the full mutation cgg repeats premutation cgg repeats and the gray zone mutation cgg repeats premutation carriers are common in the general population with approximately in females and in males whereas the full mutation and fragile x syndrome fxs occur in approximately in to in fmr mutations account for a variety of phenotypes including the most common monogenetic cause of inherited intellectual disability id and autism fxs the most common genetic form of ovarian failure the fragile xassociated primary ovarian insufficiency fxpoi premutation and fragile xassociated tremorataxia syndrome fxtas premutation the premutation can also cause developmental problems including asd and adhd especially in boys and psychopathology including anxiety and depression in children and adults some premutation carriers can have a deficit of fmrp and some unmethylated FM individuals can have elevated fmr mrna that is considered a prmpling distance from the scalp | MEDAL |
to examine the participation of AV a member of cadependent phospholipidbinding proteins in the process of synaptic vesicle exocytosis rat CE nervous tissue was analysed using PSA and morphological techniques by both fluorescence and CLSM immunoreactivity for annexin v was predominantly localized around neuronal somata and dendrites and the CR was mostly colabeled with that for synaptophysin the annexin v immunoreactivity was also detectable but less intensely in neuronal perikarya glial cells and EC cells both immunoblot and immunoelectron microscopic analyses with IN tissues synaptosomes and purified SVs showed that annexin v was expressed in neurons preferentially concentrated in axon terminals and associated with SVs purified SVs were relatively homogeneously distributed in the medium where ca was removed and thus the amount of AV was reduced drastically the LDV tended to be clustered in the fraction where endogenous AV is maintained and the clusters were more conspicuous when purified human AV was added SVs forming the clusters were not directly fused with each other but separated by a nm gap that corresponded well with the size of single annexin v molecules in axon terminals globular structures nm in diameter similar in dimension to annexin v molecules were distinctly found to be attached to the cytoplasmic surface of both vesicle membranes when the two vesicles were close to each other these results suggest that annexin v belongs to the group of synaptic vesicleassociated proteins although its localization and significance in nonneuronal cells were not analysed here at least in the axon terminal AV may participate in the cluster formation of SVs by linking with the cytoplasmic surface of the vesicles in a cadependent manner | MEDAL |
we have examined the effect of diltiazem upon the pulmonary vascular response to the left lower lobe lll hypoxia in dogs without diltiazem the fraction of cardiac SO perfusing the lll qlllqt measured by the US doppler rheometer in the hypoxic phase was of the ratio in the first normoxic phase when diltiazem was given as a mgkg intravenous bolus followed by an intravenous infusion of mgkghr and mgkg intravenous bolus followed by an intravenous infusion of mgkghr qlllqt in the hypoxic phase were of the ratio in the first normoxic phase respectively significant difference was observed at all diltiazem concentrations with respect to pao significant difference was not observed at all diltiazem concentrations in the ratio of the hypoxic phase to the first control phase so we concluded that diltiazem obviously attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction hpv response but did not decrease pao because of keeping myocardial oxygen balance and better ventilationperfusing relationship | MEDAL |
discontinuous activation of muscle compartments is used to postpone the occurrence of fatigue during both normal activation and artificial stimulation periods of force OD are interrupted by passive periods during which the muscle can recover since it is not known how fatigue parameters depend on intermittent stimulation and AMPA ampa IL-1ra daminophosphonopentanoate ap mm and cyanonitroquinoxalinedione cnqx mm respectively fixedintensity stimulation at frequencies of less than hz evoked biphasic ipscs of constant amplitude and waveform in contrast when two shocks paired pulse or longer trains of ten or more stimuli ie tetani were delivered at frequencies of between and hz there was marked depression of both phases of every ipsc by relative to the first or priming ipsc evoked the gammaaminobutyric acid gabab IL-1ra phaclofen mm hydroxysaclofen mm and aminopropyldiethoxymethylphosphinic acid cgp mm reduced or abolished in a concentrationdependent and reversible manner both the late phase of the ipsc ipscb and pairedpulse depression of the early phase of the ipsc ipsca expressed in terms of ic values all three antagonists were times more potent at blocking ipscb than pairedpulse depression PP depression at and hz has been shown to be mediated by gaba acting on presynaptic gabab receptors ie gabab autoreceptors we now show that gabab receptor antagonists reverse pairedpulse depression over the entire range of frequencies hz that it occurs gabab receptor antagonists reversed substantially the depression of ipscs during tetani delivered at or hz however at hz gabab IL-1ra appeared to be less effective at hz they appeared to be ineffective at reversing the depression of ipsca since the antagonists block ipscb the net effect was to reduce the level of outward current at frequencies of hz or more there was also the appearance of a slow inward current which increased in size in proportion to the frequency and number of shocks in the tetanus this current termed here ipsci was more pronounced at HP membrane potentials and was blocked by PT mm or bicuculline mm priming is considered to represent a more physiological pattern of activity than a tetanusabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
we studied a patient with rectal gastric heterotopia and found nine reported cases of this rare disease in the literature PS include proctitis and rectal one heterotopic gastric epithelium may be developmental or acquired depending on the type of mucosal epithelium involved since this type of lesion can occur anywhere in the alimentary tract and even in multiple sites longterm followup is recommended the diagnosis is made by biopsy and pathologic examination the treatment consists of total LE sigmoidoscopy colonoscopy and technetium scanning can be used as adjunctive aids in diagnosing AA CS of gastric heterotopia | MEDAL |
the antiparkinson selective irreversible monoamine oxidase b inhibitor drug rasagiline azilect recently approved by the us food and drug administration has been shown to possess neuroprotectiveneurorescue activities in in vitro and in vivo models recent preliminary studies indicated the potential neuroprotective effect of the major metabolite of rasagiline raminoindan in the current T0 the neuroprotective properties of raminoindan were assessed employing a cytotoxic MM of human neuroblastoma sknsh cells in highdensity cultureinduced neuronal death we show that aminoindan mumoll significantly reduced the apoptosisassociated phosphorylated protein hax ser decreased the cleavage of caspase and ICE while increasing the Bcl-2 proteins bcl and bclxl protein kinase c pkc inhibitor gfx prevented the neuroprotection indicating the involvement of pkc in aminoindaninduced cell survival aminoindan markedly elevated ppkcpan and specifically that of the prosurvival pkc isoform pkcepsilon additionally hydroxyaminoindan a metabolite of a novel bifunctional drug ladostigil npropargylr aminoindanylethyl methyl carbamate combining cholinesterase and MAO-A inhibitor activity exerted similar neuroprotective properties aminoindan and hydroxyaminoindan also protected rat pheochromacytoma pc cells against the neurotoxin hydroxydopamine our findings suggest that both metabolites may contribute to the overall neuroprotective activity of their respective parent compounds further implicating rasagiline and ladostigil as potentially valuable drugs for treatment of a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders of aging | MEDAL |
the present T0 was performed to evaluate the protective effect of Se se against penconazole peninduced oxidative AS in the cardiac tissue of adult rats male wistar rats were divided into four CG of six each the G1 represented the controls for the second group pen no treatment was performed during the first days and then the rats received intraperitoneally mgkg body weight bw of pen every days from day until day the sacrifice day for the third group se pen se was po daily through the diet at a dose of mgkg of diet for days rats of this group received also every days pen mgkg bw from day until day the fourth group se received daily through the diet se mgkg of diet during days our results showed that se reduced significantly the elevated cardiac C2 of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl following pen treatment and attenuated dna fragmentation induced by this fungicide in addition se modulated the alterations of antioxidant status enzymatic superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase and catalase and nonenzymatic glutathione and vitamin c antioxidants in the HR of pentreated rats this trace element was also able to alleviate perturbations of lipid profile the protective effect of Se was further evident through the histopathological changes produced by pen in the heart tissue taken together our results indicated that se might be beneficial against peninduced cardiac oxidative damage in rats | MEDAL |
a novel method for separating porphyrin polycarboxylic acids is described and illustrated by its application to the direct analysis of biological deepsea medusae clinical urine and chemical haematoporphyrin derivative samples | MEDAL |
seven obese and five NW patients were studied before during and after one hour of methoxyfluranenitrous oxide anaesthesia during peripheral surgical operations and compared with eight patients of normal weight anaesthetized with nitrous oxidemeperidine and dtubocurare estimates were made of renal CF including SS and urinary electrolytes osmolarity UA urea and creatinine renal clearances for the latter three substances were also calculated serum and urinary inorganic and organic fluoride concentrations were measured as were renal clearances this low dose methoxyflurane anaesthesia resulted only in a decrease in uric acid clearance among all the measures when compared to the meperidinenitrous oxide controls the clearance of uric acid remained depressed for longer in the obese patients but otherwise they did not differ from the NW patients it is possible but not proven that depressed UA clearance may be related to the organic fluoride metabolite and an early indicator of methoxyflurane renal toxicity the previously documented biotransformation of methoxyflurane was seen in this T0 a double peak in serum inorganic fluoride was shown in all patients but one rather C1 differences in Cmax of serum inorganic fluoride occurred the only significant difference between the obese and normal weight patients as far as fluoride metabolism was concerned was a greater variability in the SS inorganic fluoride C2 in the obese patients it would appear that the obese patient metabolizes methoxyflurane in a quantitatively if not qualitatively different fashion than the NW patient perhaps because of fatty infiltration of the liver caution is advised in the use of methoxyflurane for more than minutes of low concentration administration in view of the unpredictability of the biotransformation | MEDAL |
cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily igcams are key AF in nervous system formation the contactin subgroup of igcams consists of gpianchored glycoproteins implicated in axon outgrowth guidance fasciculation and neuronal differentiation the mechanism by which contactins facilitate neuronal OD is not understood to gain insight into the function of contactins we characterized rig the sole contactin of caenorhabditis elegans we show that the contactin rig is involved in excretory cell ec tubular elongation we also show that rig mediates axon outgrowth and guidance along both the AP and dorsoventral axis during c elegans development we find that optimal rig expression is critical for accurate mechanosensory neuron axon elongation and ventral nerve cord architecture in addition our data suggest that the cytoplasmic uncnav proteins may contribute to relay signaling via contactins | MEDAL |
transmission of viral infection by tumour lines or other biological materials may have confounding effects on research many research organizations require screening for viral agents of all cell lines tumours sera and other biologicals before implantation or inoculation into animal models screening for viral contamination is done by the mouse antibody production map test by CC or alternatively by direct detection of the viral agents by PCR reaction pcr the description of procedures for sanitation of INF cell lines or tumours is sparse the present report describes the procedures used for sanitation of three transplantable murine tumour lines which were Tx in vivo in a mouse hepatitis virus mhvinfected colony of mice at the department of exp clinical oncology deco the tumours were frozen and serially transplanted three times in a quarantine colony of syngenic mice serological examination of the mice transplanted with tumours as well as their cage mates in the quarantine colony did not detect any antibodies against mhv T3 repeated serial transplantation in seronegative animals tumour material was frozen and thawed tumours were later used for transplantation into the newly established virusfree colony of mice at deco pcrbased detection of mhv did not reveal any contamination of the tumour examined by this technique indicating that this murine tumour apparently did not transmit mhv or that mhv was eliminated from the tissue so fast after the infection that it could not be transmitted by the tumour tissue it is concluded that mhv infection of mice with transplantable murine tumours does not necessarily cause the tumours to be contaminated | MEDAL |
we examined integrasedefective LVs idlvs with a mutant dv integrase in terms of their residual integration capability the levels and duration of Tg expression and their therapeutic potential in comparison to wildtype lentiviral vectors wtlvs with a wildtype integrase gene compared with wtlvs the idlvmediated proviral integration into hostcell chromosomes was approximately in hela cells and approximately in mouse cerebellar SN in vivo at months transgene expression by idlvs in the mouse cerebellum was comparable to that by wtlvs but then significantly decreased the mrna levels at and months T3 injection in idlvinfected cerebella were approximately and respectively of the mrna C2 in wtlvinjected cerebella to examine the therapeutic potential idlvs or wtlvs expressing a molecule that enhances the ubiquitinproteasome pathway were injected into the cerebella of spinocerebellar ataxia type MM mice sca mice idlvinjected sca mice showed a significantly improved rotarod performance even at year afterinjection immunohistochemistry at year T3 i.t. showed a drastic reduction of mutant aggregates in purkinje cellsfrom idlvinjected as well as wtlvinjected sca mice our results suggest that because of the substantially reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis idlvs are safer and potentially ERP as GT vectors | MEDAL |
we investigated the effects of gramnegative bacterial lipopolysaccharide lps on luciferase expression in transgenic reporter mice in which luciferase expression is driven by the nuclear factor kappab nfkappabdependent portion of the HIV virus hiv long terminal repeat hiv ltr using these mice we dissected the sources of luciferase activity at the organ level by a assessing luciferase activity in organ homogenates b bioluminescence imaging in vivo and c bioluminescence imaging of individual organs ex vivo luciferin dosage was a critical determinant of the magnitude of photon emission from these reporter mice photon emission increased at doses from mg of luciferin given by intraperitoneal ip injection the differential between basal and lpsinduced bioluminescence was maximal at mg of luciferin CALUX was highly induciblef pulse of light via an allosteric mechanism that is intimately linked to redox modulation | MEDAL |
propionibacterium acnes is thought to be a causative agent of SA patients with sarcoidosis have circulating immune complexes we attempted to detect p acnesderived immune complexes in sarcoid lesions | MEDAL |
the vaginal flora of women who had been referred in labour to harare maternity hospital was investigated by examination of vaginal washings and of C2 and urethral swabs taken before andor T3 delivery four CG of patients were studied women who had a normal vaginal delivery nvd women who were referred because of meconium stained liquor msl women with a history of prolonged rupture of CM prom and women who were delivered by cesarean section cs the first three CG had received no antibiotics during the days preceding specimen collection while specimens were collected from cs patients only T3 at least hr of iv penicillin and chloramphenicol t vaginalis was identified in percent of women but was not associated with any TPS patient group chlamydial antigen was detected in percent of patients but in only one patient percent in the msl group n gonorrhoeae were isolated from percent of women overall and percent of the strains were penicillinaseproducing gonococci were recovered significantly more frequently from the prom patients than from nvd patients as were group b streptococci and pigmentproducing bacteroides species lactobacilli were isolated from only percent of women despite the use of TPS transport and isolation media for these organisms specimens from cs patients were taken T3 these had received parenteral penicillin and chloramphenicol and it was therefore not surprising to find major differences in their vaginal flora with a virtual absence of GP bacteria and a highrate of carriage of multiresistant coliformsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in calcium renal stones calcium Ox and calcium phosphate in various crystal forms and states of hydration can be identified COM com or whewellite and calcium oxalate dihydrate cod or weddellite are the commonest constituents of calcium stones calcium oxalate stones may be pure or mixed usually with calcium phosphate or sometimes with UA or ammonium urate the aim of this study was to compare the clinical and urinary patterns of patients forming calcium stones of different composition according to infrared spectroscopic analysis in order to obtain an insight into their etiology the stones of consecutive calcium renal stone formers were examined by infrared spectroscopy in each patient a blood sample was drawn and analysed for serum biochemistry and a h urine sample was collected and analysed for calcium phosphate oxalate citrate and other electrolytes we classified patients as calcium Ox monohydrate com stone formers as COD cod stone formers and three as AP SF according to the main component of their stones patients with com stones were significantly older than patients with cod stones p mean daily urinary calcium and urinary saturation with respect to calcium oxalate were significantly lower in patients with com than in those with cod stones p patients with calcium Ox stones containing a urate component or presented with higher saturation p with respect to uric acid in their urine and lower with respect to calcium Ox and calcium phosphate respectively p and p in comparison with patients without a urate component in the stone patients with calcium oxalate stones with a calcium phosphate component or showed higher p urinary saturation levels with respect to calcium phosphate and lower with respect to UA p compared with patients forming stones without calcium phosphate or with a low calcium phosphate component patients with calcium stones mixed with urate had a significantly lower urinary ph p and urinary calcium p and patients with calcium phosphate higher urinary ph p and urinary calcium p in conclusion in the DUE of the individual stone patient an accurate analysis of the stone showing its exact composition and the eventual presence of minor components of the stone is mandatory in order to plan the correct prophylactic treatment patients with calcium stones could require various approaches dependent on the form and hydration of the calcium crystals in their stones and on the presence of minor crystalline components that could have acted as epitaxial AF | MEDAL |
the t translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia apl yields a pmlraralpha F0 messenger rna species that can be detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction rtpcr amplification breakpoints within intron of pml produce a short pmlraralpha isoform whereas breakpoints within intron result in a longer form using rtpcr serial evaluations were performed on the bone marrow of patients with apl median followup months who received retinoic acid ra induction followed by postremission treatment with chemotherapy ra and biologic agents sixtyfour patients attained a clinical pCR and had at least rtpcr assays performed after completing therapy forty of patients with newly diagnosed apl who were induced using ra had residual disease detectable by rtpcr before additional therapy T3 cycles of consolidation therapy residual disease was found in only of evaluable patients among newly diagnosed patients who had or more negative rtpcr assays only of had a relapse whereas all patients who had or more positive results had a relapse among newly diagnosed patients those who expressed the short isoform appeared to have shorter diseasefree and overall survival durations than patients who expressed the long isoform these data indicate that or more negative rtpcr assays on bone marrow performed at least month apart after completing therapy are strongly associated with LT remissions conversely a confirmed positive test is highly predictive of relapse | MEDAL |
the presence of complex karotypes with frequent numerical and structural abnormalities has been reported in to of multiple myeloma mm patients this variability is mainly due to the difficulty of conventional cytogenetics to obtain tumor metaphases representative of all possible neoplastic clones in mm to gain insight into the real incidence of numerical chromosome changes in mm we have studied by FISH different human chromosomes x and y in a series of mm patients in all cases the DI assessed by a propidium iodidecd doublestaining technique with FC was simultaneously investigated for rho with fluorescence in situ hybridization results additional aims of this T0 were to analyze whether the abnormalities detected were common to all plasma cells or were present in only a subpopulation of tumor cells to explore changes caused by disease progression and to establish possible associations among the altered chromosomes although the overall incidence of numerical abnormalities was this frequency increased to in the cases in which or more chromosomes were analyzed trisomies were significantly more common than monosomies versus chromosomes and were the most frequently altered and of cases respectively with all of their CA corresponding to trisomies the most frequent losses involved chromosomes and x in females other common numerical changes corresponded to chromosomes and by contrast chromosomes and were rarely altered dna aneuploidy by flow cytometry was detected in of patients and a high degree of rho was observed between the dna index obtained by FC and the chromosome index derived from fluorescence in situ hybridization studies calculated according to two mathematical formulas coefficient of correlation of and when at least or chromosomes were considered respectively the frequency of numeric chromosome aberrations was higher in those patients with progressive disease and interestingly trisomy of chromosome was exclusively detected in this latter group of patients our T0 shows that with the exception of chromosome a possible marker of clonal evolution the numeric chromosome changes are present in nearly all malignant plasma cells r finally frequent associations between chromosomal aberrations were observed ie chromosomes and and and and by excluding them it was found that two triple combinations of chromosomespecific probes chromosomes and together with either chromosome or could be a useful marker for PCD of residual disease as it permits the ID of most mm patients displaying numerical changes | MEDAL |
neuronal and vascular responses due to finger movements were synchronously measured using dcmagnetoencephalography dcmeg and timeresolved nearinfrared spectroscopy trnirs the finger movements were monitored with electromyography emg cortical responses related to the finger movement sequence were extracted by ICA from both the dcmeg and the trnirs data the temporal relations between emg rate dcmeg and trnirs responses were assessed pairwise using the crosscorrelation function ccf which does not require epoch averaging a positive lag on a scale of seconds was found for the maximum of the ccf between dcmeg and trnirs a zero lag is observed for the ccf between dcmeg and emg additionally this ccf exhibits oscillations at the frequency of individual finger movements these findings show that the dcmeg with a bandwidth up to hz records both slow and faster neuronal responses whereas the V1 response is confirmed to change on a scale of seconds | MEDAL |
infants can defend or even dynamically elevate their FRC with additional respiratory muscle work by retarding early expiratory airflow v with postinspiration inspiratory muscle activity andor laryngeal narrowing or by starting inspiration before expiration to the relaxation volume has been completed in order to study the effect of continuous positive airway pressure cpap on both phenomena in infants BW g we elevated the airway pressure stepwise in kpa increments a computerized bedside flowvolume vv analysis was used for evaluation in responders early expiration braking decreased and premature inspiratory interruption was postponed at an AGA cpap level the linear segment relaxation L1 of the vvloop was lengthened until expiratory time reached a maximum elevation of cpap beyond this level again produced a rapid shallow DP often combined with flow acceleration late in expiration recruitment of expiratory muscles in the remaining seven infants nonresponders these latter signs of excessive airway pressure already occurred at the lowest cpap levels applied during the titration trials respiratory rate without cpap was different between NR min and nonresponders min this RPA for determining the appropriate cpap level might reduce the risk of RM fatigue | MEDAL |
toca vocimagene amiretrorepvec an amphotropic retroviral replicating vector rrv can successfully and safely deliver a functional optimized CD cd gene to PT in orthotopic glioma models this agent in conjunction with subsequent oral extendedrelease fluorocytosine fc toca fc is currently under investigation in patients with recurrent highgrade glioma temozolomide tmz with radiation is the most frequently used firstline treatment for patients with glioblastoma the most common and aggressive form of primary BB cancer in adults however subsets of patients with certain genetic alterations do not respond well to tmz treatment and the overall median survival for patients who respond remains modest suggesting that combinatorial approaches may be necessary to significantly improve outcomes we show that in vitro tmz delays but does not prevent rrv spread nor interfere with toca fcmediated cell killing in glioma RT cells and in vivo there is no significant hematologic effect from the combination of fc and the clinically relevant dose of tmz a synergistic LT survival advantage is observed in mice bearing an orthotopic tmzsensitive glioma T3 toca administration followed by coadministration of tmz and fc these results provide support for the investigation of this novel combination treatment strategy in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to determine the effects of oocyteembryo density embryo numbermedium volume ratio on developmental competence and relative transcription of developmentally important genes in in vitroproduced bovine embryos using standard procedures bovine oocytes were matured fertilized and cultured in vitro in groups of or oocytesembryos per microl medium drop embryo numbermedium volume ratios of and respectively a semiquantitative rtpcr assay was used to determine the relative abundance of hsp and glut transcripts in day morulae and in day and day blastocysts and expanded blastocysts cleavage rates and respectively and blastocyst developmental rates and respectively were higher in groups containing and embryos versus embryos per drop but there were no significant differences among CG in hatching rates the relative abundance of hsp transcripts in day blastocysts was higher in embryos produced in the embryo than in the embryo CG there were no differences among embryos from all CG in the amount of glut mrna regardless of embryonic stage however there were differences in the pattern of hsp mRNA between distinct stages of embryo development and embryo density these dissimilarities appeared to be associated with compromised OD at higher embryo densities in conclusion the increase in embryo density during ivm ivf and ivc phases of in vitro embryo production might negatively affect embryo development and the pattern of gene expression of in vitroproduced bovine embryos | MEDAL |
to determine in vivo if the susceptibility calibration factor for gradientecho imaging kg which characterizes the relationship between the tissue t EC50 rate change deltar and tissue contrast agent concentration is independent of tissue type and condition in addition to assess the consequences of such an assumption on the use of relative cerebral blood volume rcbv measurements as a direct index of tumor angiogenesis | MEDAL |
in doses of mugkg or more LSD enhanced the fourth potential dr iv of the dorsal root potential complex in the cat smaller doses of lysergic acid diethylamide did not in themselves alter the dr iv but revealed an enhancement of the potential by substance p which by itself had no effect bromolysergic acid diethylamide had no action on the dorsal root potentials but prevented the actions of lysergic acid diethylamide | MEDAL |
in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension HF in unobstructed lung regions may induce smallvessel damage responsible for PPHN after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in piglets closure of an experimental aortopulmonary shunt reverses the flowinduced V1 lesions and diminishes the elevated levels of messenger rna mrna expression for endothelin and endothelin receptor a eta we wanted to T0 the effect of the eta antagonist tbc on reversal of flowinduced pulmonary vascular lesions | MEDAL |
in escherichia coli k ctype cytochromes are synthesized only during anaerobic growth with trimethylaminenoxide nitrite or low concentrations of nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor a thioredoxinlike protein ccmg is one of proteins required for their assembly in the periplasm its postulated CF is to reduce disulphide bonds formed between correctly paired cysteine residues in the cytochrome c apoproteins prior to haem att by ccmf and ccmh we report that loss of ccmg synthesis by mutation was not compensated by a second mutation in disulphidebondforming proteins dsba or dsbb or by the chemical reductant mercaptoethanesulphonic acid an anticcmg polyclonal antibody was used in westernblot analysis to probe the redox state of ccmg in mutants defective in the synthesis of other proteins essential for cytochrome c assembly the GSSG of ccmg accumulated not only in trxa or dipz mutants defective in the transfer of electrons from the cytoplasm for disulphide isomerization and reduction reactions in the periplasm but also in ccmf and ccmh mutants the requirement of both ccmf and ccmh for the reduction of the disulphide bond in ccmg indicates that ccmg functions later than ccmf and ccmh in cytochrome c assembly rather than in electron transfer from the membraneassociated dipz also known as dsbd to ccmh the data support a MM proposed by others in which ccmg catalyses one of the last reactions specific to cytochrome c assembly | MEDAL |
in an effort to develop more ERP forms of adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors we sought to develop a taxolbased combination chemotherapy regimen for glioma cell lines in vitro here we report that coexposure of ln or tg glioma cells to taxol and either doxorubicin CPT cytarabine or vm resulted in antagonistic effects rather than additive or synergistic cytotoxicity there were no interactions of taxol with the effects of BCNU bcnu or vincristine antagonism was more prominent in cytotoxic cell death assays than in clonogenic cell death assays and was not overcome by gm checkpoint abrogators such as caffeine or pentoxyfilline ectopic expression of mutant and wildtype pval att taxol cytotoxicity in both tg cells which are mutant for p and ln cells which exhibit PET wildtype p activity interestingly wildtype pval abrogated the taxolimposed gm arrest in both cell lines however wildtype pval did not promote glioma cell killing by combinations of taxol and any of the other drugs further an analysis of a panel of human glioma cell lines revealed no relationship between genetic or PET p status and taxol sensitivity in summary combination either with other chemotherapy drugs with abrogators of the gm checkpoint with wildtype p gene transfer was not a promising RPA for a taxolbased combination chemotherapy regimen in malignant glioma | MEDAL |
we describe a patient in whom possible coronary artery spasm occurred during the infusion of TMP a yearold man with a meningioma was scheduled for surgical excision of the tumour he denied any previous PH of CP anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen the blood pressure before commencement of the surgery was mmhg and the PP rate was beats min the blood pressure rose to mmhg the PP rate to beats min during incision of the scalp and intravenous infusion of TMP was initiated the blood pressure gradually decreased to mmhg the pulse rate beats min min after start of this infusion and premature ventricular contractions were evident on the electrocardiogram trimetaphan was withheld and lignocaine was given intravenously the PVCs disappeared but st segments were elevated GTN was then infused intravenously the st segments remained elevated for min were depressed for min and finally became isoelectric there were no wide swings in blood pressure or PP rate during the event postoperative laboratory examination revealed no evidence of myocardial infarction recovery of the patient was uneventful | MEDAL |
pulseradiolysis experiments were performed on solutions containing methyl or benzyl viologen and flavodoxin viologen radicals are formed T3 the pulse the kinetics of the reaction of these radicals with flavodoxin were studied the kinetics observed depend strongly on the concentration of Ox viologen therefore one must conclude that a relatively SD intermediate is formed after the reduction of flavodoxin the midpoint potential of the intermediate state is mv and is hardly dependent on the ph between and due to a conformational change k approximately equal to s the intermediate state decays to the SD SQ form of flavodoxin the delta g of the conformational NC at ph is about kj mol ev this means that the upper limit for the pk of n in the semiquinone form will be the activation energy of the conformational NC is kj mol ev the reaction between methyl viologen radicals and the SQ of flavodoxin can be described by a normal bimolecular reaction the reaction is diffusioncontrolled with a forward rate constant of x m s ph i mm the Tm potential of the semiquinonehydroquinone was found to be mv a consequence of the intermediate state is that flavodoxin fld could be reduced by a twoelectron process the midpoint potential of which should be located between mv less than em fldfldh less than mv the exact value will depend on the delta g of the conformational change between the fully reduced flavodoxin with its structure in the oxidized form and the fully reduced flavodoxin with its structure in the hydroquinone form the conditions rectal anastomosis using circular stapling device it is quite always possible is it desirable the number of local and regional recurrencies after ar for dukes b and c carcinomas of the mid third of the rectum higher than in case of miles operation incite to ask the question the five year survival being the same in the two groups make the answer uneasy regarding handicaps induced by miles operation would the association to ar of preoperative radiotherapy andor immunotherapy be one step to the solution | MEDAL |
hormonal aspects of acne are of particular interest in treating adult women a review of the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of acne guidelines for the workup of a suspected endocrine disorder and an overview of the use of hormonal therapy in women with endocrine problems and in NW is presented | MEDAL |
a disorder of metamemory expressed as unawareness of mnemonic ability is typically associated with the profound amnesia of korsakoffs syndrome ks a similar but less severe type of limited awareness can also occur in nonks ALC and is observed as an impairment in generating feelingofknowing fok predictions about future recognition performance we previously found that fok accuracy was selectively related to volumes of the insula in alcoholics involved in the present study unknown however are the neural substrates of unawareness of memory impairment in ALC a taskactivated fmri paradigm served to identify neural NO and networks implicated in inaccurate selfestimation of mnemonic ability in sober alcoholics while they made prospective fok judgments in an episodic SM paradigm lower activation in the right insula correlated with greater overestimations of future memory abilities in alcoholics weaker connectivity of the right insula with the left dorsal anterior cingulate SC a node of the salience network and stronger connectivity of the right insula with the RA ventromedial prefrontal SC vmpfc a node of the default mode network dmn cooccurred in alcoholics relative to the controls specifically alcoholics who failed to desynchronize insulavmpfc activity had greater overestimation of their SM predictions and poorer recognition performance this T0 provides novel support that deviant functional activation and connectivity involving the RA insula a hub of the salience network appears to participate in disrupting metamemory functioning in alcoholics compromised fok performance might result from disturbance of the switching mechanism between BB networks serving selfreferential processes ie dmn network and networks serving externallydriven MICs like memory monitoring ie frontoparietal network thus compromise in insular network coupling could be a neural mechanism underlying anosognosia for subtle mnemonic impairment in nonamnesic alcoholism | MEDAL |
a method was developed to measure the PE content of freshly isolated papillary collecting duct pcd cells by electron probe microanalysis in a scanning EM T3 isolation the cells were transferred onto a thermanox support by centrifugation and the extracellular medium was removed by brief exposure to buffered ammonium acetate cryofixation freezedrying and coating with carbon followed under visual control in the scanning EM the na cl k and p content of cell clusters about cellscluster was then measured by xray microanalysis cells incubated in control medium showed potassiumsodium ratios identical to those determined previously in cryosections of the same cells in ouabaintreated cells sodium influx and potassium efflux was demonstrated potassium left the cells with a t of min the t of na influx was min for the first min of incubation whereafter further influx was markedly slower ouabaininduced sodium influx was inhibited by amiloride these results indicate that xray microanalysis can be applied to analyze the ion content of isolated cell clusters derived from the PTC collecting duct using ouabain and amiloride as inhibitors the suitability of the method to identify trawere used to evaluate any loss of selfreplicative capacity of bone marrow stem cells in a mouse model with increased and persistent hemopoietic demands congenic marrows from old control and from young and old mice with hereditary spherocytic anemia sphhasphha were serially transplanted at day intervals into normal irradiated recipients old anemic marrow failed or reverted to recipient karyotype at a mean of transplants and young anemic marrow reverted at a mean of transplants whereas controls did so at a mean of transplants in a competitive CA in which a mixture of anemic and control marrow was transplanted the anemic marrow persisted to months following transplantation anemic marrow repopulation was greater if anemic marrow sex matched with the host it is possible that lifelong AS of severe anemia decreases SC reserve in the anemic sphhasphha mouse marrow however marginal differences in serial transplantation number and the maintenance of anemic marrow in a competition CA would suggest that marrow stem cells under prolonged stress are capable of exhibiting good repopulating and selfreplicating abilities | MEDAL |
a total of healthy volunteers aged between and years underwent phasecontrast cine mri to assess cerebrospinal fluid flow characteristics in different regions of the vertebral canal the results revealed that the CSF fluid APV and peak flow rate in the systolic phase were significantly greater than those in the diastolic phase at the same level in the subarachnoid space of the C2 spinal canal the VP APV and PFR were significantly greater than the postlateral peak flow velocity and flow rate while there were no differences between left and RA postlateral subarachnoid peak velocity and flow rate moreover there were no significant differences in APV and peak flow rate between the systolic and diastolic phases VP right postlateral or left postlateral APV and PFR at the same level in the subarachnoid space of the cervical spinal canal among different age groups ⥠years | MEDAL |
CH syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder primarily affecting neutrophils and is often lethal by the third decade of life bone marrow transplantation is the only curative therapy currently available this case describes a child undergoing a bone marrow SPK from a matched sibling donor resulting in hematopoietic chimerism with only a small percentage of donor neutrophils found long term the presence of a small percentage of donor neutrophils has resulted in normal development and no increased incidence of infections hematopoietic chimerism offers a cure with a potential reduction in the sideeffects that result from marrow transplantation and the associated preparative therapies | MEDAL |
the isoenzymes which catalyse the polymorphic hydroxylations of debrisoquinesparteine and smephenytoin are cytochromes p d and p c cypd and cypc respectively cypd is involved in the stereospecific metabolism of several important groups of drugs for example antiarrhythmics antidepressants and neuroleptics about of caucasians but only of orientals are PMs pms of debrisoquine the most common mutated allele cypdb in caucasian pms is almost absent from their oriental counterparts on the other hand the mean activity of cypd in oriental extensive metabolisers ems is lower than that in caucasian ems this is due to the frequent CSD of a partially deficient cypd S2 causing a proser amino acid exchange in as many as of oriental alleles this is the molecular genetic basis for slower metabolism of ADs and neuroleptics observed in oriental compared with caucasian people and consequently for the lower dosages of these drugs used while cypd catalyses the metabolism of lipophilic bases only cypc is involved in the metabolism of acids eg smephenytoin bases eg imipramine and omeprazole and neutral drugs eg diazepam about of caucasians and to of orientals are pms of smephenytoin polymerase chain reactionbased genotyping techniques recently became available for the two cypc mutated alleles m and m which cause no enzyme to be expressed m accounts for about of the mutations responsible for the pm phenotypes in caucasians oriental and black people diazepam is partially demethylated by cypc and the VHF of mutated alleles in orientals is probably the reason why such populations have a slower metabolism and are treated with lower doses of diazepam than caucasians omeprazole is to a L1 extent hydroxylated by cypc and there is an approximately fold difference in oral clearance between ems and pms of smephenytoin the separation of caucasians from orientals is fairly recent in the evolutionary process to years ago the separation of black from caucasianoriental people occurred much earlier about years ago as pronounced differences have been found between caucasians and orientals in the cypd and cypc enzymes it might be expected that black people will show even greater differences in this respect some studies have been performed with black participants but the picture is not clear the mean cypd activity in black ems seems to be lower than that in caucasian ems and similar to that of oriental emsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the amygdala plays a central role in the acquisition and expression of fear memories laboratory animal studies indicate that the amygdala both receives sensory information and produces learned behavioral and autonomic fear responses however prior PET imaging research in humans has largely focused on amygdala activity elicited by fearful stimuli giving less attention to this regions role in the production of fear responses in contrast the present T0 used PET magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the amygdalas influence on the generation of conditional fear responses significant increases in amygdala activity were observed during the production of conditioned learningrelated but not orienting nonspecific and unconditioned nonlearningrelated skin conductance responses further greater amygdala activity was demonstrated during conditioned response production than during conditioned CS- presentation these results suggest the amygdala not only responds to fearful stimuli but also generates learningrelated changes in human autonomic fear expression | MEDAL |
at routine determination of SS MICs of transaminases aspartate aminotransferase asat and alanine aminotransferase alat increased C2 are frequently found an algorithm may be used in the analysis of elevated transaminase C2 after beta of the most frequent causes of SH alcoholic hepatitis CHB and c and some rare conditions autoimmune hepatitis alpha antitrypsin deficiency HFE and wilsons disease the diagnosis will often be nonalcoholic steatohepatitis although nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is considered a SD recent literature shows a progression to cirrhosis in so far no effective therapeutic strategies are available for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | MEDAL |
the massive leakage of intracellular enzymes which occurs during reoxygenation of heart tissue T3 hypoxic or ischemic episodes has been suggested to result from the formation of ROS one purported source of such radicals is the xanthine oxidasemediated metabolism of hypoxanthine and xanthine xanthine oxidase o form has been suggested to be formed in vivo by limited proteolysis of xanthine dehydrogenase d form during the hypoxic period granger et al gastroenterology we measured the activities of xanthine oxidase in both fresh and isolatedperfused langendorff rat HR tissue approximately of the total xanthine oxidase was in the o form in fresh and isolatedperfused rat HR this value was unchanged following min of hypoxia and T2 of reoxygenation the infusion of microm allopurinol throughout the perfusion CR inhibited xanthine oxidase activity but had no effect on the massive release of lactate dehydrogenase ldh into the coronary effluent upon reoxygenation of HR tissue subjected to or min of hypoxia protection from min of hypoxia was also not obtained when rats were pretreated for h with allopurinol at a dose of mgkgday and perfused with allopurinol containing medium superoxide dismutase unitsml catalase unitsml or the antioxidant cyanidanol microm also had no effect on ldh release upon reoxygenation after min of hypoxia xanthine oxidase activity was detected in a preparation enriched in cardiac EC cells while no allopurinolinhibitable activity could be measured in purified isolated cardiomyocytes it is concluded that xanthine dehydrogenase is not converted to xanthine oxidase in hypoxic tissue of the isolated perfused rat HR and that the release of intracellular enzymes upon reoxygenation in this exp model is mediated by AF other than reactive oxygen generated by xanthine oxidase | MEDAL |
a trial of living amniotic membrane is suggested as a suitable dressing for certain indolent ulcers the type of ulcer which is large and chronic both in rate of healing as well as time since onset is well known to everyone after eliminating any A-V defect oedema cellulitis correction of stiff joints anaemia we are left with a local indolent problem what is the ideal dressing comfortable or relieves pain harmless to the tissues and encourages removal of slough encourages vascularity of the GT method of application amnion is applied for five days prior to skin grafting | MEDAL |
plasma and skin blister fluid concentrations of tinidazole following a single oral dose of g drug and T3 multiple doses of g every h were determined skin blisters were produced by direct application of cantharidin ointment to the skin the Cmax in plasma of about mgl was observed after about h whereas in skin blister fluid the peak occurred after about h and was mgl the halflife in plasma was slightly shorter than in BF at and h respectively but the difference was not significant the penetration of tinidazole into cantharidininduced skin blister fluid defined according to wise as the ratio of the aucs in blister fluid and plasma was during routine treatment with tinidazole g every h the Cmax and blister fluid collected before and h T3 the morning dose exceeded the MIC concentrations for susceptible pathogens the results provide a pharmacokinetic basis for the proven efficacy of tinidazole in the treatment of protozoal and anaerobic infections | MEDAL |
some men with gleason sum prostate cancer pc at rp have favorable outcomes biochemical recurrence free bfs and prostate cancerspecific survival css are improved for such men with pt or pta disease compared with ptb or n disease at RP rp we examine biopsy characteristics of men with highgrade pc at rp to better select those who may benefit from surgery | MEDAL |
the significance of perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy specimens for predicting extraprostatic extension is controversial we correlated the presence of PNI in needle biopsy specimens from men with the presence of extraprostatic extension in corresponding radical prostatectomy specimens PNI was present in biopsy specimens the sensitivity of PNI for predicting extraprostatic extension was the specificity and the positive predictive value biopsy specimens with perineural invasion had significantly more core specimens involved with RT and higher biopsydetermined gleason scores than those without invasion biopsy specimens with PNI were significantly more likely to show extraprostatic extension and gleason scores were higher in the resection specimens than those without perineural invasion multivariate LR analysis showed that PNI remained an independent predictor of EPE however in multivariate analysis including preoperative serum prostatespecific antigen psa for of the patients the only independent predictor of extraprostatic extension was psa while perineural invasion in biopsy specimens is a predictor of extraprostatic extension at resection that is independent of other histologic features the positive predictive value is low and it is not an independent predictor when serum psa is included | MEDAL |
this T0 revealed factors associated with RH risk SMB among high school students in the republic of the marshall islands the survey was conducted among high school students from grades through at schools in majuro the capital of the marshall islands the questions asked inquired about knowledge attitude and behavior related to RH experience of sexual acts and pregnancy multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between risk behavior and knowledge attitude and other factors data obtained from students were used in the analysis AF significantly associated with RH risk behavior among both the boys and the girls were a negative attitude toward condom use odds ratio of the risk group to the lowrisk group boys girls not considering receiving public health information and services as a human right and not knowing where to go for consultation about questions and concerns related to sex a factor associated with risk behavior in boys alone was acceptance of sexual acts without love and factors in girls alone were insufficient knowledge concerning routes of infection by sexually transmitted diseases and lack of future life plans neither age nor sex education was a significant predictor in conclusion considering RH not to be a personal right was associated with the risk SMB of high school students in the marshall islands in regard to RH | MEDAL |
the packed cell volumes of blood from healthy chicks of domesticated fowl were required for studies on avian malaria and data were specially generated under standardised conditions the mean packed erythrocyte volume for chicks to d old males of two egg laying breeds was range to the confidence limits for a single reading in a healthy chick were to therefore a value of less than or equal to is regarded as subnormal and a value of greater than or equal to is regarded as supranormal when readings are taken to the nearest | MEDAL |
endothelin et production from EC cells is generally believed to be a process that happens over the course of hours when AlF4- aif was infused in the isolated perfused arterial and venous vessels of the rat mesentery there was an increase in perfusion pressure on both sides treatment of mesentery with the ETA antagonists fr eta receptor selective or pd etaetb receptor nonselective caused inhibition on both the arterial and A-V sides suggesting that response is mediated predominantly by endothelin through eta receptors endothelial denudation att changes in perfusion pressure of mesenteric circulation generated by fluoroaluminate but not those caused by exogenously added pgf alpha our tological sections was and respectively for er the concordance between measurement by ica of cytological and histological samples and by eia of frozen tissue was and respectively these results indicate that multiple molecular markers can be adequately tested on cytological S9 from primary breast tumours these markers can be used to determine prognosis and predict response to pmt | MEDAL |
the effect of dietary NI level on in vivo plasma leucine and plasma palmitate flux rates and on the response to a bolus i.t. of bGH gh was investigated in six young steers animals were fed on a pelleted diet of dried grassbarley ww in quantities sufficient to supply or x maintenance energy requirement offered in hourly portions continuous intravenous infusions of cleucine or cpalmitate were used to determine the flux of amino acid and HFA through the plasma pool before immediately h after and h T3 a subcutaneous i.t. of bovine gh mgkg body weight hourly blood samples were taken for h to monitor the temporal responses of circulating hormones and metabolites following gh administration the animal on the lowest plane of nutrition had elevated plasma gh and reduced insulinlike growth factor concentrations compared with those fed on higher NI C2 plasma leucine flux and leucine concentration increased with intake while palmitate flux and plasma nonesterified fatty acid nefa concentrations were inversely related to intake leucine flux rate decreased in the animals fed on the two highest intake levels in response to gh h C2 but plasma leucine concentrations were reduced in all animals at this time only the animal fed on the lowest NI level showed an immediate response to gh within h of administration with increased palmitate flux and plasma nefa concentrations but a lipolytic response was apparent in other animals h postadministration although the magnitude of the response was markedly reduced at high intakes we conclude that lipid and protein metabolism are differentially responsive to gh and nutritional status | MEDAL |
CF syndrome cfs is a debilitating disease characterized by severe unexplained fatigue and postexertional exacerbation of symptoms we examined basal endocrine function in a group of cfs patients and a carefully matched group of sedentary controls the subjects then completed a graded maximal exercise test on a TM and additional blood samples were drawn min and a day after the end of exercise there were no differences in basal hormone C2 before exercise plasma adrenocorticotropin epinephrine prolactin and thyrotropin responses min T3 exercise were lower in the cfs group but the growth hormone response may have been exaggerated and the plasma norepinephrine response was similar to that in controls the next day there were no differences in hormone levels between the groups which suggests that LT changes in endocrine CF are unlikely to be a cause of the prolonged fatigue that occurs in cfs patients after a bout of exertion | MEDAL |
as in many organisms the first three cleavage planes of xenopus laevis eggs form in a welldescribed mutually orthogonal geometry the factors dictating this simple pattern have not been unambiguously identified here we describe experiments using static MFs as a novel approach to perturb normal cleavage geometry that provide new insight into these AF we show that a magnetic field applied during either or both of the first two cell cycles can induce the third cell cycle MA ma at metaphase and the third cleavage plane to align nearly perpendicular to their nominal orientations without changing cell shape these results indicate that processes occurring during the first two cell cycles primarily dictate the third cleavage plane and mitotic apparatus orientation we discuss how mechanisms that can align the ma T3 it has formed are likely to be of secondary importance in determining cleavage geometry in this system | MEDAL |
this T0 investigated antiepileptic effects of the main constituents of nigella sativa ns seed ie AQ extract ae fixed oil fo volatile oil vo and the main components of its vo ie TQ αpinene and pcymene using PTZ ptz and maximal electroshock mesinduced convulsions the potential of these constituents to induce minimal neurological deficit mnd was also evaluated by using chimney testexcept for the fo all of the ns seed constituents protected mice effectively against ptzinduced convulsions the activity of the vo in this model maybe attributed mainly to its content of TQ and pcymene and to a lesser extent αpinene vo and its component pcymene effectively suppressed convulsions induced by mes the contents of pcymene present in the ERP dose of the vo maybe partially responsible for its antiseizure effectsall of the ns seed constituents induced varying degrees of mnd in the chimney test mnd induced by vo may pertain to its contents of thymoquinone pcymene and αpinene protective indices of pcymene and thymoquinone were closer to one but only in ptz modelexploration on the role of receptors suggests that PT and bicucullinesensitive gaba receptors most probably gabaa receptors mediate an increase in gabaergic response in the part dealing with the interaction of valproate with TQ it can be mentioned that TQ increased the potency of valproate in both ptz and mes models | MEDAL |
in this study bauxsol pellets packed in pvc columns were used to remove nutrients and tracemetals from municipal wastewater during a months field trial bauxsol pellet columns showed a high phosphate Rmax via precipitation of po with ca and mg ions at in the st month at from the second to fifth months and at in the C6 month pellet bound total phosphorus and colwell phosphorus were gkg and gkg and are about times the concentrations found in most fertile soils tracemetals in effluents were bound probably irreversibly under the columns environmental conditions to the bauxsol minerals that have high surface area to volume ratios and high charge to mass ratios experimental results showed a complex nitrogen cycle operating within the bauxsol pellet columns including anoxic nitrification denitrification and anammox processes although a transient ph spike associated with the release of unreacted cao from the cement binder used in the pellets was observed this may be readily QTc through posttreatment ph adjustment hence the geochemistry of bauxsol pellets can effectively remove and bind nutrients and tracemetals during wastewater treatment and further research may show that saturated spent pellets can be used as fertilizer | MEDAL |
multiple techniques have been advocated over the years for the AGA and naturalappearing correction of the prominent ear there is no single technique that can recreate the complex threedimensional nature of the otherwise normal human ear we have to evaluate each individual ear and patient and cordants andor prevention of o generation by uncoupled constitutive nitric oxide synthase cnos and delivery of no treatment with no donors cnos gene therapy here we briefly review the role of no and focus on o and onooh major components of oxidative and nitroxidative AS respectively in the normal and impaired process of wound healing | MEDAL |
ECE of prostate CA occurs in a significant number of men believed to have clinically localized disease we report the ability of the RT-PCR rtpcr assay to predict preoperatively the pathological stage of cases of clinically localized prostate CA | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib iressa zd astrazeneca wilmington de to standard firstline gemcitabine and cisplatin provides clinical benefit over gemcitabine and cisplatin CT in patients with advanced or metastatic nonsmallcell lung cancer nsclc gefitinib has demonstrated encouraging tau in T3 nsclc in phase ii trials in pretreated patients and a phase i trial of gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin showed favorable tolerability | MEDAL |
characteristics of left bundle branch block morphology inferiorly directed FC plane qrs axis and repetitive nonsustained salvos were used to define a discrete subgroup of patients with IVT vt the origin of this ART was thought to be the RA ventricular outflow tract twentysix patients with this definition group were compared with consecutive patients with all other forms of vt group when compared with patients in group group patients were younger average age vs years p less than had less structural heart disease of vs of patients p less than and had a better prognosis no deaths T3 an average followup time of months in comparison with deaths T3 an average followup of months p less than induction of vt was possible using isoproterenol infusion in of group patients but no vt could be induced in group patients p less than exercise stress testing induced vt in of group patients and of group patients p greater than programmed electrical stimulation failed to induce vt in group patients but did induce it in of group patients p less than successful therapy in group patients was achieved by beta blockers alone patients beta blockers plus type a antiarrhythmic drugs patients procainamide CT patients sotalol patients and amiodarone patients three patients were not treatedabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
it has been demonstrated that estrogens are potent antioxidants and protect against homediated SD of intracellular atp in human lens epithelial cells hleb invest ophthalmol vis sci to investigate the mechanism by which betaestradiol betae protects against oxidative AS hleb cells were exposed to insult with ho at physiological microm and moderately supra physiological microm levels over a time course of several hours with and without pretreatment with betae the ability of betae to prevent hoinduced injury to several oxidant susceptible components of the cellular atp generating machinery including abundances of mitochondrial gene transcripts encoding RC subunits and cytochrome c the glycolytic pathway enzyme glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase gapdh and the energyshuttling creatine kinase ck system and mitochondrial membrane potential deltapsim a measure of mitochondrial membrane integrity were determined hr T3 oxidative insult northern blot analysis revealed hoinduced reductions in mitochondrial transcripts for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase nadh subunits and and cytochrome c ho also inactivated gapdh but did not alter ck activity pretreatment and simultaneous addition of betae with ho did not prevent the reductions in mitochondrial transcript C2 and gapdh activity betaestradiol did moderate the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential deltapsim in response to ho as demonstrated by jc IF and fluorescence microscopy although the precise mode of action responsible for protection by estradiols against oxidative stress remains to be determined these results indicate that the hormone stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane thereby preserving the driving force for oxidative atp synthesis | MEDAL |
we present a novel approach for the registration of preoperative magnetic resonance images to intraoperative ultrasound images for the context of imageguided neurosurgery | MEDAL |
electron microscopic observations of chronic uremic lungs were carried out in uremic patients with special REF to histochemical and xray microanalytic studies on the altered alveolocapillary BMs epithelial damage varying from edematous swelling of the epithelial cells to total disruption and desquamation of the epithelium was often present although degenerative changes of capillary endothelium such as swelling and vacuolization of the endothelial cells were not infrequently demonstrated total destruction of the EC was rarely seen the interstitial changes included focal accumulation of edema fluid particularly in the pericapillary spaces patchy fibrosis and increased cellularity particularly interesting were the altered alveolocapillary BMs which showed irregular thickening lamination and fragmentation irregular electron densities with derangement of internal ultrastructures were often observed in the matrices of isolated uremic lung basement CM the anionic IB sites characterized by cationized ferritins appeared to be irregularly and loosely arranged on the surfaces and in the interior of isolated basement membranes in addition abnormal deposition of aluminum was consistently detected in the precipitates of isolated basement CM from the aforementioned results we conclude that the present investigation provides the morphological data at the ultrastructural and molecular level to explain many of pulmonary physiological alterations and clinical manifestations exhibited by patients with chronic uremia | MEDAL |
infusion of adenosine into the CAs of isolated guinea pig NF produced a dosedependent inhibition of dpdtmax caused by bolus i.v. of isoproterenol x moles threshold concentration of adenosine was m and maximal inhibition occurred at m coronary dilation induced by papaverine did not influence the contractile response to catecholamines in addition to its influence on cardiac performance adenosine m effectively inhibited the isoproterenol m induced initial rise in myocardial levels of cyclic amp glucosephosphate and glucosephosphate adenosine also antagonized the effect of isoproterenol on adenylate cyclase activity in a crude membrane preparation from guinea pig ventricles it was without effect on the activity of the membrane phosphodiesterase theophylline inhibited the actions of adenosine both on adenylate cyclase activity and on CF development upon infusion of isoproterenol x m into the CAs of the isolated HR perfusion at constant pressure the adenosine concentration in the effluent perfusate increased within s from m to about m it thus appears conceivable that in ventricular myocardium endogenously formed adenosine may serve functions dilation of the coronary arteries and limitation of the inotropic and metabolic effects of catecholamines | MEDAL |
peyronies disease is a localized and progressive fibrosis of unknown etiology that affects the tunica albuginea of the penis we examined cytogenetically cell cultures derived from PI adjacent tunica dermis and lymphocytes in patients with peyronies disease and compared the results to cell cultures established from the TA of control patients chromosomal abnormalities were detected in plaquederived cell cultures from of peyronies disease patients per cent cells cultured from adjacent tunica dermis and lymphocytes from the same patients were karyotypically normal as were cultures derived from control chordee and penile scar patients chromosomal aberrations consisted of numerical changes and structural rearrangements and included chromosomal additions trisomy and trisomy deletions xy RT and inversions or markers in instances cultures derived from PI tissue contained independent chromosomal CA the apparently random chromosomal changes associated with peyronies disease suggests that karyotypic instability may be a common feature of cells within the plaque it presently is unclear whether this finding represents multiple pathways for the OD of peyronies disease or secondary consequences of peyronies disease | MEDAL |
a group of patients with CDMS were subjected to alternate treatment with prednisone polfa and decaris richter the results were compared with those in a control group of cases treated exclusively with prednisone during exacerbations of the disease the results indicate that the alternate treatment has not any significant effect on the course of multiple sclerosis evaluated by the kurtzke disability scale the alternate treatment with a mild IS encorton and immunomodulationdecaris levamisole leads to significant decrease of relapses in comparison with the period before the treatment as well as in comparison with the control group treated exclusively with encorton in case of exacerbations | MEDAL |
the acoustic emission ae signals of metal materials have been widely used to identify the deformation stage of a pressure vessel in this work q steel samples with different propagation distances and geometrical structures are stretched to get the corresponding acoustic emission signals then the obtained AE signals are denoised by empirical mode decomposition emd and then decomposed into two different frequency ranges ie one mainly corresponding to metal deformation and the other mainly corresponding to friction signals the ratio of signal SE between two frequency ranges is defined as a new acoustic emission characteristic parameter differences can be observed at different deformation stages in both magnitude and data CSD range compared with other acoustic emission parameters the proposed parameter is valid in different setups of the propagation medium and the coupled stiffness | MEDAL |
with the double CS- of mechanical loading and maturation acting on the MTU adolescent athletes might be at increased risk of developing imbalances of muscle strength and tendon mechanical properties this longitudinal T0 aims to provide detailed information on how athletic training affects the time course of muscletendon adaptation during adolescence in adolescent elite athletes a and similaraged controls c knee extensor muscle strength and patellar tendon mechanical properties were measured over yr in mo intervals a linear mixedeffects model was used to analyze timedependent changes and the residuals of the MM to quantify fluctuations over time the cosine similarity cs served as a measure of uniformity of the relative changes of tendon force and stiffness muscle strength and tendon stiffness increased significantly in both CG p however the fluctuations of muscle strength were greater a ± sd n·m c ± n·m p and the uniformity of changes of tendon force and stiffness was lower in athletes cs a ± c ± p further athletes demonstrated greater maximum tendon CS a ± c ± p and CS fluctuations a ± c ± p we conclude that athletic training in adolescence affects the uniformity of muscle and tendon adaptation which increases the demand on the tendon with potential implications for tendon injury | MEDAL |
the present study was undertaken to evaluate juvenile strokeprone spontaneously hypertensive rats shrsp as an rat of attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd juvenile shrsp showed significant increases in horizontal ambulatory activity and vertical rearing activity in the open field as compared with genetic control wistarkyoto rats wky anxietyrelated SMB assessed by elevated plusmaze as an index of impulsivity the entries into open arms and the spent time in the open arms of shrsp were significantly higher than those of wky SAB requiring attention and working SM in the ymaze was significantly impaired in male but not female shrsp when compared with sexmatched wky hippocampal LT potentiation formation a cellular model of learning and memory was not impaired in shrsp methylphenidate a first choice psychostimulant for adhd significantly alleviated the hyperactivity in shrsp however intense impulsivity of shrsp was not improved by methylphenidate methylphenidate dosedependently and significantly ameliorated the impaired spontaneous alteration SMB in male shrsp these results suggest that juvenile male shrsp manifest problematic SMB resembling adhd namely inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity methylphenidate alleviates the behavioral symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention thus juvenile male shrsp might be a useful behavioral rat of adhd from behavioral and pharmacological perspectives | MEDAL |
ICP are at high risk for all kind of infections unfortunately they need central A-V catheters cvcs which are associated with infectious complications in this study we examined the effectiveness of chlorhexidinesilver sulfadiazine impregnated cvcs to prevent catheterrelated infections in patients receiving highdose chemotherapy followed by IP stem cell transplantation this historical cohort T0 evaluated patients of whom patients were provided with nonimpregnated cvcs and patients with impregnated cvcs patients were treated for different diagnoses the median number of days a cvc stayed in situ was in the nonimpregnated group and in the impregnated group the median duration of neutropenia of patients with nonimpregnated cvcs was days compared with days of patients with impregnated cvcs we found less catheter colonization cc in patients with chlorhexidinesilver sulfadiazine cvcs rr ci p catheterrelated blood stream infections crbsi were also diminished but this result was not statistically significant rr ci p the reduction in cc and crbsi did not diminish the incidence of fever we conclude that the use of chlorhexidinesilver sulfadiazine impregnated cvcs provide an important improvement in the attempt to reduce cc and crbsi | MEDAL |
the present T0 investigates the acoustic basis of the hemispheric asymmetry for the processing of speech and music experiments on this question ideally involve stimuli that are perceptually unrelated to speech and music but contain acoustic characteristics of both stimuli in previous studies were derived from speech samples or tonal sequences here we introduce a new class of noiselike sound stimuli with no resemblance of speech or music that permit independent parametric variation of spectral and temporal acoustic complexity using these stimuli in a PET mri experiment we test the hypothesis of a hemispheric asymmetry for the processing of spectral and temporal sound structure by seeking cortical areas in which the blood oxygen level dependent bold signal covaries with the number of simultaneous spectral components spectral complexity or the temporal modulation rate temporal complexity of the stimuli boldresponses from the left and RA HG hg and part of the right superior temporal gyrus covaried with the spectral parameter whereas covariation analysis for the temporal parameter highlighted an area on the left superior temporal gyrus the portion of STG in which asymmetrical responses are apparent corresponds to the anterolateral auditory belt SC which has been implicated with spectral integration in animal studies our results support a similar function of the anterior AEP belt in humans the findings indicate that asymmetrical processing of complex sounds in the cerebral hemispheres does not depend on semantic but rather on acoustic stimulus characteristics | MEDAL |
antibodypositivity to thyroid specific antigens htg microsomal andor lymphocytic infiltration of the glands parenchyma were observed in of patients with gravess disease only in of the cases were the findings in agreement with the criteria of CLL thyroiditis human TSAb antibody htsab was detected in of these patients in cases of GD associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis this proportion was found to be as high as and attained even in cases of hashitoxicosis patients the presence of htsab thus seems to form one of the features of patients with hashitoxicosis infiltrative ophthalmopathy also showed a remarkably high incidence in this porcess the typical prevalence of graves disease in females in the present material attained a femaletomale ratio when the disease was associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis the results of the present T0 suggest that CLL thyroiditis associated with GD promotes the formation of TSAb antibodies | MEDAL |
tuning curves were obtained from brainstem responses bsrs and wholenerve action potential ap responses of gerbils using a forward masking procedure these are compared with singlefiber tuning curves of the gerbil the broadness of the tips tiptotail ratios and the slopes of the VHF sides of the bsr tuning curves are similar to those of the ap curves for probe frequencies ranging from to khz also the bsr and ap curves share a number of characteristics with singlefiber TCs these results suggest that like the ap components of the bsr can be used to measure frequency selectivity in the periphery of an IN AEP system | MEDAL |
a onedimensional chain of interconnected singlemolecule magnets smms is obtained that consists of mnhmp units bridged by chloride ions slow magnetization relaxation is evident in the ac susceptibility data and in magnetization hysteresis measurements for mnhmpclnclon the magnetization hysteresis loops for this complex are similar to those for an smm and show significant coercive field and steps at regular magnetic intervals spincanted antiferromagnetic coupling due to misalignment of easy axes of neighboring mn units is also observed for this complex | MEDAL |
concomitant pelvic organ prolapse and voiding difficulties eg incontinence can both be corrected surgically at the same time voiding dysfunction AA to incontinence surgery is uncommon but does occur even in the most experienced hands surgical reintervention can correct these postsurgical voiding difficulties | MEDAL |
in PCTs manufacturerspecific strategic programming of implantable cardioverterdefibrillators icds including faster PCD rates reduces unnecessary therapy but permits therapy for VVI tachycardiaventricular fibrillation vf present consensus recommends a generic rate threshold between and beats per minute which exceeds the rate tested in PCTs for some manufacturers in a case series we sought to determine the relationship between programmed parameters and failure of modern icds to treat vf | MEDAL |
during a serious medical illness several factors including perceived SQ of life SS PET disability severity of illness and presence of DS influence desire for lifesaving treatments such as CPR cpr mechanical VT feeding and intravenous fluids the authors examined the influence of depression and hopelessness on preferences for life saving treatment in older medically ill male patients in the medical service of a veterans administration medical center subjects with high C2 of hopelessness desired less lifesaving treatment during their current illness they were at least five times more likely to refuse cpr if required during the current hospitalization this effect remained statistically significant T3 removing confounds of race education and religiosity the diagnosis of L1 depression did not significantly influence the desire for lifesaving treatment our findings suggest that psychiatrists should assess patients for severity of hopelessness when evaluating decisionmaking capacity in the context of MI refusal | MEDAL |
the smtbarsr family of prokaryotic metalloregulators are wingedhelix transcriptional repressors that collectively provide resistance to a wide range of both biologically required and toxic heavymetal ions cmtr is a recently described cdiipbii regulator expressed in mycobacterium tuberculosis that is structurally distinct from the wellcharacterized smtbarsr cdiipbii sensor staphylococcus aureus plasmid piencoded cadc from functional analyses and a multiple sequence alignment of cmtr paralogs m tuberculosis cmtr is proposed to bind pbii and cdii via coordination by cys cys and cys cavet et al j biol chem we establish here that both wildtype and cs cmtr are homodimers and bind cdii and pbii via formation of cysteine thiolaterich coordination bonds uvvis optical spectroscopy cd nmr spectroscopy delta ppm and mcd perturbed angular correlation pac spectroscopy suggest two or three thiolate donors in the wildtype protein cys and cys anchor the coordination complex while cys plays only an accessory role in stabilizing the metal chelate in the free protein because cs cmtr binds cdii and znii with only approximately fold lower affinity relative to wildtype cmtr but approximately fold lower for pbii quantitative investigation of cmtrcmt op binding equilibria using fluorescence anisotropy however reveals that cys functions as a key allosteric metal ligand because substitution of cys abrogates disassembly of oligomeric cmtrcmt op oligomeric complexes the implications of these findings on the evolution of distinct metalsensing CS in a family of homologous proteins are discussed | MEDAL |
hidradenitis suppurativa HS is a distressing chronic inflammatory skin disorder which affects predominantly the groins and axillae in analogy to acne oral isotretinoin has been considered in the treatment of hs although there are strong indications that this drug has only a very limited therapeutic effect during the past years scattered case reports have described promising results of treatment with acitretin | MEDAL |
even though alcoholbased hand disinfectants have been used for decades as a routine measure in europe in the usa until recently handwashing was the procedure of choice alcoholbased rub products were recommended only if no handwashing facility or running water was available it was only during the late s and early s that the advantages of alcoholbased products began to elicit interest in larsen published new application guidelines for hand disinfection and in the cdc included alcoholbased hand disinfection in its isolation guideline however these recommendations were rarely implemented in practice in didier pittet first gave me a demonstration of alcoholbased rub products at his geneva hospital and the following year experts at lausanne university provided me with the products available at that time in and i had the opportunity to exchange information and experiences with numerous EU experts including dr molitor who also gave me additional insights into the mechanism of action of such products as a result of myriad scientific demonstrations interest in these rub products now began to be expressed in the usa too in an interdisciplinary working group for hand hygiene was set up comprising representatives from cdcs healthcare infection control practices advisory committee hicpac the society for healthcare epidemiology of america the association for professionals in infection control and the infectious diseases society of america whose intention was to formulate new guidelines for hand hygiene in the healthcare sector the insights that i gained from dr molitor and from other european experts were of enormous value and helped to weigh up the pros and cons of alcoholbased hand disinfection both in respect of the different products available and on comparing them with hand washing the new cdc guideline for hand hygiene was published in and for the first time in the usa it featured the requirement that alcoholbased rub products be used as the method of choice provided that the hands were not visibly soiled or contaminated with proteinbased material unfortunately we have no reliable data but it is estimated that today up to of doctors and nurses in american hospitals preferentially use alcoholbased rub products thus reflecting a situation that has long been common practice in europe | MEDAL |
baboon fibrinogen was adsorbed from diluted plasma solutions to glass PE PS polydimethylsiloxane polyethyleneterephthalate and biomer following adsorption half of the samples were immediately placed in sodium dodecyl sulfate sds solutions to elute the protein while the others were stored in buffer for up to days and then eluted in sds the elution was typically incomplete but depended on the plasma concentration and the residence time the elutability was generally lower for fibrinogen adsorbed from more diluted plasma and substantially lower for samples on which the fibrinogen had resided for days the nonelutable portion of the protein layer formed rapidly on polystyrene while on PE elutability was high initially followed by a gradual decrease | MEDAL |
despite advances in assisted reproduction techniques the poor quality and failures in embryo in vitro development remain as drawbacks resulting in low pregnancy rate MEFs mefs have been widely used to support embryonic stem cells mesenchymal cells mscs have also been shown to release bioactive AF in the present T0 we have evaluated the ability of mscs and mefs to support early OD of mouse embryos the embryos were cultivated alone or in coculture with inacn poor spectral SQ therefore when of these compounds were independently identified by nmr and mass spectrometry and their spectra used to extend the libraries the percentage of samples identified by ir and raman screening alone increased to with only of samples having no identifiable constituents this study which is the largest of its type ever carried out therefore demonstrates that this approach of detecting nonmatching samples and then identifying them using standard analytical methods has considerable potential in nps screening since it allows rapid ID of the constituents of the majority of street SQ samples only one CR FB cycle was carried out in this T0 but there is clearly the potential to carry out continuous identificationupdating when this system is used in operational settings | MEDAL |
amydopyrine is known to cause agranulocytosis by an immunological mechanism however pancytopenia due to amydopyrine is extremely rare and usually mild and transient this report describes a patient with severe pancytopenia presumably due to amydopyrine sensitivity granulocytotoxic and lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in the patients serum using a crrelease test | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of clinical training on atraumatic restorative treatment art among pediatric dentistry residency programs and assess program directors attitudes toward art | MEDAL |
we have previously reported that loss of p tumor suppressor protein results in centrosome hyperamplification which leads to aberrant mitosis and CIN since p is either deleted or mutated in human cancers at a VHF we investigated whether human cancers showed centrosome hyperamplification screening of T3 stage breast ductal carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck scchn revealed that centrosome hyperamplification is frequent in both RT types moreover through the analyses of p in scchn samples by direct sequencing and by lossofheterozygosity test we found that p mutations correlated with occurrence of centrosome hyperamplification however in some cases we observed centrosome hyperamplification in PT that retained wildtype p these tumors contained high levels of mdm since mdm can inactivate p through PCS association we investigated whether mdm overexpression induced centrosome hyperamplification we found that mdm overexpression like loss of p induced centrosome hyperamplification and chromosome instability in cultured cells | MEDAL |
remodeling contributes to restenosis when cells shrink the i.a. wall at CS of injury this may be analogous to wound healing where tissue CR achieves wound contraction hyaluronan ha is prominent in wound matrix and inhibits fetal scarring ha is also produced in the artery wall T3 angioplasty where it may inhibit constrictive CR this hypothesis was tested in vitro using a MM of matrix contraction primate aortic smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts were seeded into NTx gels containing increasing amounts of ha to wtwt both cell types reduced the diameter of collagen alone approximately at hours ha significantly increased gel contraction diameter in mm ha p for cell spreading and telopodia and pericellular accumulation of collagen fibrils these effects were mediated in part by cellular ha IB because an antibody against cd receptors blocked pericellular collagen accumulation and enhanced gel contraction without altering cell shape the role of cd for the detection and quantification of EGR egr as well as evaluation of its clinical validity the study was performed in patients with gastric and DU ulcer after billroth i and BII gastrectomy with gastroesophageal reflux after cholecystectomy with chronic cholecystitis and chronic duodenal disease acquisition was performed with gamma camera during T2 after intravenous application of mbq mtcdietil ida test meal was given in th minute while gastric region was marked at the end of the study on the basis of the radioactivity changes in the regions of the stomach and hepatobiliary system presence of EGR is determined and its index calculated in all the CG of patients values are significantly different from physiological the most frequent occurrence and the largest quantity of reflux is present in patients T3 billroth ii gastrectomy with significantly different values from other CG of patients the obtained results approve clinical value of the chosen and modified scintigraphy of egr as a noninvasive and physiological method which provides data about its presence and quantity | MEDAL |
this guideline reviews the evidence relating to the potential benefits of the vaginal hysterectomy vh and supracervical hysterectomy sch versus total AH tah with respect to postoperative sexual function urinary CF and peri and postoperative complications laparoscopic options are not included in this guideline | MEDAL |
there are three major serologic markers for hepatitis b virus hbv infection hepatitis b surface antigen hbsag SH b surface antibody antihbs and HBcAb antihbc hbv screening programs however often test only hbsag and antihbs missing those individuals who have antihbc as the only detectable marker isolated antihbc can represent chronic infection in which hbsag is not dls was evaluated in standard immunopharmacological tests delayedtype HSR direct agglutination test latex test for studying phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils changes in DLC and weight of immunocompetent organs it was found that changes in the immune response caused by social stress are multidirectional which confirms the theory of stressinduced immune imbalance semax acted as ERP immune corrector restoring cellular and humoral immunogenesis reactions and phagocytic activity of neutrophils this attested to the presence of immunomodulating properties in semax and necessitates further studies in this field | MEDAL |
selective hepatectomy under the guidance of hepatic venous drainage has not yet been developed because hepatic VO CT produces no visible congested area now that this area can be identified by simultaneous occlusion of the hepatic vein and artery venousdrainageguided selective hepatectomy is considered feasible because the congested area becomes dysfunctional or atrophic due to the absence of portal blood supply it can be regarded as a first candidate for preventive resection in livers that may bear latent PT we report here a novel approach to selective hepatectomy segment hepatectomy and ventral hemisectorectomy of segments with MHV resection was undertaken in a patient with HCC carcinoma after hepatic dissection between segments and the root of the middle hepatic vein was isolated test clamping of the MHV and PHA demonstrated a discolored area hepatic dissection was performed along the discolored border towards the hepatic hilum exposing the right anterior portal pedicle with division of the ventral branches the middle HV was finally divided selective hepatectomy was successfully performed without transfusion or complications venousdrainageguided selective hepatectomy is feasible with acceptable perioperative results | MEDAL |
a wellperformed belowknee amputation can result in a high level of patient satisfaction and CF the potential for a successful result and independent ambulation is good after a TTA with approximately to of patients being able to ambulate independently T3 this procedure a properly fitted and appropriately designed prosthesis is integral to the achievement of these goals the approaches and techniques discussed here are essential in optimally preparing the residual limb for prosthetic fitting attention to factors such as the preoperative evaluation and the surgical technique can ensure the best possible outcome for amputation patients | MEDAL |
a new x short tandem repeat str multiplex pcr system has recently been developed though its applicability in forensic studies has not been thoroughly assessed in this T0 unrelated individuals from four chinese ethnic groups han tibet uighur and hui were successfully genotyped using this new multiplex pcr system our results showed significant linkage disequilibrium between markers dxs and dxs in all four ethnic CG markers dxs and dxs dxs and dxs and hprtb and dxs in tibetan populations and markers dxs and dxs in uighur populations the combined powers of discrimination in males and females were calculated according to haplotype frequencies from S2 distributions rather than haplotype counts in the relevant population and were high in four ethnic CG the cumulative powers of discrimination of the tested xstr loci were and in females and males respectively all xstr loci are highly polymorphic the highest reynolds genetic distances were observed for the tibetuighur pairwise comparisons this T0 represents an extensive report on xstr marker variation in minor chinese populations and a comprehensive analysis of the diversity of these x str markers in four chinese ethnic groups | MEDAL |
the presence of CA in emotional decisionmaking and reward processing among BP patients bp has been well rehearsed these disturbances are not limited to acute phases and are common even during remission in recent years the existence of discrete cognitive profiles in this psychiatric population has been replicated however emotional decision making and reward processing domains have barely been studied therefore our aim was to explore the existence of different profiles on the aforementioned cognitive dimensions in bp the sample consisted of euthymic bp main sociodemographic clinical functioning and neurocognitive variables were gathered a hierarchicalclustering technique was used to identify discrete neurocognitive profiles based on the performance in the iowa gambling task afterward the resulting clusters were compared using anova or chisquared test as AGA evidence for the existence of three different profiles was provided cluster was mainly characterized by poor decision ability cluster presented the lowest sensitivity to punishment finally cluster presented the best decisionmaking ability and the highest levels of punishment sensitivity comparison between the three clusters indicated that cluster was the most functionally impaired group the poorest outcomes in attention executive CF domains and social cognition were also observed within the same group in conclusion similarly to that observed in cold cognitive domains our results suggest the existence of three discrete cognitive profiles concerning emotional decision making and reward processing amongst all the indexes explored low punishment sensitivity emerge as a potential correlate of poorer cognitive and PET outcomes in bipolar disorder | MEDAL |
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