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"plaintext": " January 14 Robert Price (judge), British judge and politician (d. 1733)",
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"plaintext": " January 24 Dom Jacques Alexandre, French Benedictine (d. 1734)",
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"plaintext": " February 22 Martín de Ursúa, Spanish conquistador (d. 1715)",
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"plaintext": " February 22 Vidal Marín del Campo, Spanish Grand Inquisitor (d. 1709)",
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"plaintext": " March 1 Pacificus of San Severino, Italian saint (d. 1721)",
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"plaintext": " March 8 Goodwin Wharton, British politician (d. 1704)",
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"plaintext": " March 10 John Kettlewell, English clergyman (d. 1695)",
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"plaintext": " March 10 John Benbow, English Royal Navy Admiral (d. 1702)",
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"plaintext": " March 21 John Hampden (1653–1696), English politician (d. 1696)",
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"plaintext": " March 24 Joseph Sauveur, French mathematician (d. 1716)",
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"plaintext": " April 2 Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1708)",
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"plaintext": " April 2 Egidio Quinto, Serbian Catholic bishop (d. 1722)",
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"plaintext": " April 6 Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (d. 1728)",
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"plaintext": " April 19 William Sewel, Dutch historian (d. 1720)",
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"plaintext": " April 25 Benedetto Pamphili, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (d. 1730)",
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"plaintext": " April 25 Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1691)",
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"plaintext": " May 3 Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar, Scottish peer (d. 1712)",
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"plaintext": " May 8 Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Marshal of France (d. 1734)",
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"plaintext": " May 21 Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1697)",
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"plaintext": " May 21 Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard, English politician and peer (d. 1723)",
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"plaintext": " May 22 Peter Gott, English politician (d. 1712)",
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"plaintext": " May 30 Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1676)",
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"plaintext": " June 1 Georg Muffat, German composer and organist (d. 1704)",
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"plaintext": " June 11 Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve (d. 1697)",
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"plaintext": " June 12 Maria Amalia of Courland, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1711)",
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"plaintext": " June 16 James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon, English nobleman (d. 1699)",
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10,
44
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 Richard Maitland, 4th Earl of Lauderdale, Scottish politician (d. 1695)",
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]
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{
"plaintext": " June 26 Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV of France (d. 1743)",
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[
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{
"plaintext": " June 28 Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (d. 1707)",
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{
"plaintext": " July 4 Sir Walter Clarges, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1706)",
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{
"plaintext": " July 5 Thomas Pitt, British Governor of Madras (d. 1726)",
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{
"plaintext": " July 11 Sarah Good, accused Massachusetts witch (d. 1692)",
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{
"plaintext": " August 9 John Oldham, English poet (d. 1683)",
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"plaintext": " August 10 Louis-Guillaume Pécour, French dancer and choreographer (d. 1729)",
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"plaintext": " August 14 Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (d. 1688)",
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"plaintext": " August 15 Johann Friedrich Gleditsch, German book publisher (d. 1716)",
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"plaintext": " August 18 Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg (d. 1684)",
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"plaintext": " August 28 Jesper Swedberg, Swedish hymnwriter (d. 1735)",
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"plaintext": " September 1 Johann Pachelbel, German organist and composer (d. 1706)",
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"plaintext": " September 3 Roger North, English lawyer and biographer (d. 1734)",
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"plaintext": " September 4 Henry Wise (gardener), English gardener (d. 1738)",
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"plaintext": " September 8 Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1731)",
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"plaintext": " September 8 Fuquan (prince), Chinese Qing Dynasty prince (d. 1703)",
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29
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"plaintext": " September 17 Sir Henry Monson, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1718)",
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44
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73
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"plaintext": " October 1 Sir George Speke, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1683)",
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"plaintext": " October 8 Michel Baron, French actor (d. 1729)",
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"plaintext": " October 10 Anton Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt (d. 1716)",
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"plaintext": " October 18 Abraham van Riebeeck, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1713)",
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"plaintext": " November 11 Carlo Ruzzini, Doge of Venice (d. 1735)",
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"plaintext": " November 14 Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. 1727)",
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"plaintext": " November 19 Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1694)",
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{
"plaintext": " December 3 Giovanni Battista Tolomei, Italian Jesuit priest, theologian and cardinal (d. 1726)",
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{
"plaintext": " December 26 Johann Conrad Peyer, Swiss anatomist (d. 1712)",
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{
"plaintext": " December 28 Mary Howard, of the Holy Cross, English nun of the Poor Clares (d. 1735)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Japanese playwright (d. 1725)",
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{
"plaintext": " Rahman Baba, Afghan Pashto Sufi poet (d. 1711)",
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{
"plaintext": " Johann Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1706)",
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"plaintext": " January 14 George Rudolf of Liegnitz, Polish noble (b. 1595)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 21 John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, English diplomat (b. 1580)",
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{
"plaintext": " February 13 Georg Rudolf Weckherlin, German poet (b. 1584)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Johannes Schultz, German composer (b. 1582)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 20 Luigi Rossi, Italian composer (b. 1597)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 Adriaan Pauw, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. 1585)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble (b. 1599)",
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1,
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14,
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75,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 6 Juan de Dicastillo, Spanish theologian (b. 1584)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Johan van Galen, Dutch naval officer (b. 1604)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 13 Teodósio, Prince of Brazil, Portuguese prince (b. 1634)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Robert Filmer, English writer (b. 1588)",
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"plaintext": " March 10 Count John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar (b. 1590)",
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{
"plaintext": " March 25 Nicholas Martyn, English politician (b. 1593)",
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"plaintext": " March 30 Mikołaj Łęczycki, Polish Jesuit (b. 1574)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Celestyn Myślenta, Polish theologian (b. 1588)",
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{
"plaintext": " April 26 Matthias Faber, German Jesuit priest and writer (b. 1586)",
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"plaintext": " May 11 Petronio Veroni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Boiano (1652–1653) (b. 1600)",
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"plaintext": " May 19 Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn, Duchess suo jure of Cieszyn (b. 1599)",
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"plaintext": " June 5 Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1579)",
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"plaintext": " September 3 Claudius Salmasius, French classical scholar (b. 1588)",
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"plaintext": " September 14 Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg, Duke of Jülich and Berg (b. 1578)",
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"plaintext": " October 25 Gustav, Count of Vasaborg, illegitimate son of King Gustavus Adolphus and his mistress Margareta Slots (b. 1616)",
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"plaintext": " December 7 Ludwig Crocius, German Calvinist minister (b. 1586)",
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"plaintext": "date unknown ",
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"plaintext": " Lucrezia Marinella, Italian poet and author (b. 1571)",
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] | [
"1653"
] | 6,965 | 339 | 138 | 321 | 0 | 0 | 1653 | year | [] |
38,611 | 1,098,204,088 | Æsir | [
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"plaintext": "The Æsir (Old Norse: ) are the gods of the principal pantheon in Norse religion. They include Odin, Frigg, Höðr, Thor, and Baldr. The second Norse pantheon is the Vanir. In Norse mythology, the two pantheons wage war against each other, resulting in a unified pantheon. Unlike the Old English word god (and the Old Norse word ), Æsir was never converted over to Christian use.",
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"plaintext": "Æsir is the plural of áss, ǫ́ss \"god\". In genitival compounds, it takes the form , e.g. in (\"Thor of the Æsir\"), besides found in",
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"plaintext": " ás-brú \"gods' bridge\" (the rainbow),",
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"plaintext": " \"gods' enclosure\",",
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},
{
"plaintext": " \"gods' kin\",",
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},
{
"plaintext": " \"gods' leader\",",
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{
"plaintext": " \"gods' might\" (especially of Thor),",
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},
{
"plaintext": " \"divine wrath\" etc.",
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"section_name": "Etymology",
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},
{
"plaintext": " \"national god\" ()",
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},
{
"plaintext": "is a title of Thor, as is",
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{
"plaintext": " \"almighty god\",",
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"plaintext": "while it is Odin who is \"the\" . There is also Old East Norse dialectal",
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"plaintext": " *ās-ækia (OWN: *áss-ekja), i.e. \"god ride\" (Thor riding in his wagon),",
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"plaintext": "resulting in the modern Swedish word",
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"plaintext": " åska for atmospheric thunder",
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"plaintext": "(the form åsekia attested as late as the 17thc.).",
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"plaintext": "The feminine form is (plural ).",
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"plaintext": "Cognate forms of áss are found in other Germanic languages, such as Old English () (plural ), denoting a deity in Anglo-Saxon paganism, preserved as a prefix in personal names (e.g. Osborne, Oswald) and place-names, and as the genitive plural .",
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"plaintext": "In Old High German, Old Dutch and Old Saxon, the word is only attested in personal and place names, e.g.",
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"plaintext": " Ansebert, Anselm, Ansfrid, Vihans.",
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"plaintext": "The Old High German is reconstructed as *, plural *.",
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"plaintext": "Gothic has as reported by Jordanes, who wrote in the 6thcenturyCE, presumably a Latinized form of actual plural ), as a name for euhemerized semi-divine early Gothic rulers.",
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"plaintext": "The reconstructed Proto-Germanic form is (plural ). The ansuz rune, , was named after the Æsir. *ansuz, itself comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énsus (gen. ) \"life force\" (cf. Avestan aŋhū \"lord; lifetime\", ahura \"godhood\", Sanskrit ásu \"life force\", ásura \"demons\" ( *). It is widely accepted that this word is further related to *- \"to engender\" (cf. Hittite hass- \"to procreate, give birth\", Tocharian B ās- \"to produce\").",
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"plaintext": "The interaction between the Æsir and the Vanir has provoked a considerable amount of scholarly theory and speculation.",
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"plaintext": "While other cultures have had \"elder\" and \"younger\" families of gods, as with the Titans versus the Olympians of ancient Greece, the Æsir and Vanir are portrayed in myth as contemporaries: The two clans of gods fought battles, concluded treaties, exchanged hostages (Freyr and Freyja are mentioned as hostages), and intermarried.",
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"plaintext": "An áss like Ullr is almost unknown in the myths, but his name is seen in a lot of geographical names, especially in Sweden, and may also appear on the 3rdcentury Thorsberg chape, suggesting that his cult was widespread in prehistoric times.",
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"plaintext": "The names of the first three Æsir in Norse mythology, Vili, Vé and Odin all refer to spiritual or mental state, vili to conscious will or desire, vé to the sacred or numinous and óðr to the manic or ecstatic.",
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"plaintext": "The second clan of gods mentioned in Norse mythology is the Vanir: The god Njörðr and his children, Freyr and Freyja, are the most prominent Vanir gods who join the Æsir as hostages after a war between Æsir and Vanir. The Vanir appear to have mainly been connected with cultivation and fertility and the Æsir were connected with power and war.",
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"plaintext": "In the Eddas, however, the word Æsir is used for [male] gods in general, while Asynjur is used for the goddesses in general. For example, in the poem Skírnismál, Freyr was called a \"Prince of the Æsir\". In the Prose Edda, Njörðr was introduced as \"the third among the Æsir\", and among the Asynjur, Freya is always listed second only to Frigg.",
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"plaintext": "In surviving tales, the origins of many of the Æsir are unexplained. In the ostensibly oldest stories, there are only Búri's three sons: Odin and his brothers Vili and Vé. Odin's sons by giantesses are counted as Æsir. Heimdallr and Ullr's connection with the Æsir is not clearly mentioned. Loki is a jötunn (apparently a cousin and foster-brother of Odin) and Njörðr is a Vanir and his two children are hostages, but they are often ranked among the Æsir.",
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"plaintext": "Given the difference between their roles and emphases, some scholars have speculated that the interactions between the Æsir and the Vanir reflect the types of interaction that occurred between clans (or social classes) within Norse society at the time.",
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"plaintext": "According to another theory, the Vanir (and the fertility cults associated with them) may be more archaic than that of the more warlike Æsir, such that the mythical war may mirror a half-remembered religious conflict. This argument was first suggested in 1877 by Wilhelm Mannhardt. On a similar note, Marija Gimbutas argues that the Æsir and the Vanir represent the displacement of an indigenous Indo-European group by a tribe of warlike invaders as part of her Kurgan hypothesis. See her case in The Living Goddess for more details. Another historical theory is that the inter-pantheon interaction may be an apotheosis of the conflict between the Roman Kingdom and the Sabines.",
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"plaintext": "Finally, M. Eliade (1958) speculated that this conflict is actually a later version of an Indo-European myth concerning the conflict between and eventual integration of a pantheon of sky / warrior / ruler gods and a pantheon of earth / economics / fertility gods, with no strict historical antecedents.",
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"plaintext": "The Prose Edda lists both male and female gods of the Æsir, in the 34th and 35th passages of the Gylfaginning. The Gylfaginning does not include Odin or Loki in this portion, perhaps considering them outside the ranking.",
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"plaintext": " (21.) Thor is the foremost of them. He is called Asa-Thor, or Oku-Thor. He is the strongest of all gods and men, and rules over the realm which is called Þrúðvangr.",
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"plaintext": " (22.) Odin's second son is Baldr",
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"plaintext": " (23.) the third asa is he who is called Njörðr.",
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"plaintext": " (24.) Njörðr, in Noatun, afterward begat two children: a son, by name Freyr, and a daughter, by name Freyja. They were fair of face, and mighty. Freyr is arguably the most famous of the asas. He rules over rain and sunshine, and over the fruits of the earth. It is good to call on him for harvests and peace. He also sways the wealth of men. Freyja is the most famous of the goddesses. ...",
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"plaintext": " (25.) There is yet an asa, whose name is Týr. He is very daring and stout-hearted. He sways victory in war, wherefore warriors should call on him.",
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"plaintext": " (26.) Bragi is the name of another of the asas. He is famous for his wisdom, eloquence and flowing speech.",
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"plaintext": " (27.) Heimdallr is the name of one. He is also called the white-asa. He is great and holy; born of nine maidens, all of whom were sisters. He is also called Hallinskide and Gullintanne, for his teeth were of gold.",
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"plaintext": " (28.) Höðr hight one of the asas, who is blind, but exceedingly strong; and the gods would wish that this asa never needed to be named, for the work of his hand will long be kept in memory both by gods and men.",
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"plaintext": " (29.) Víðarr is the name of the silent asa. He has a very thick shoe, and he is the strongest next after Thor. From him the gods have much help in all hard tasks.",
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"plaintext": " (30.) Váli, is the son of Odin and Rindr. He is daring in combat, and a good shot.",
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"plaintext": " (31.) Ullr is the name of one, who is a son of Sif, and a step-son of Thor. He is so good an archer, and so fast on his skis, that no one can contend with him. He is fair of face, and possesses every quality of a warrior. Men should invoke him in single combat.",
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"plaintext": " (32.) Forseti is a son of Baldr and Nanna, Nep's daughter. He has in heaven the hall which hight Glitner. All who come to him with disputes go away perfectly reconciled. Just to listen to People's Future. No better tribunal is to be found among gods and men. ...",
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"plaintext": " (33.) There is yet one who is numbered among the asas, but whom some call the backbiter of the asas. He is the originator of deceit, and the disgrace of all gods and men. His name is Loki, or Lopt. ... His wife hight Sigyn, and their son, Nare, or Narfe.",
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"plaintext": "Corresponding to the fourteen Æsir listed above, section 35 lists fourteen asynjur (goddesses):",
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"plaintext": "\"Ganglere asked: Which are the goddesses? Har answered:\"",
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"plaintext": " Frigg is the first; she possesses the right lordly dwelling which is called Fensaler.",
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"plaintext": " The second is Sága, who dwells in Sokvabek, and this is a large dwelling.",
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"plaintext": " The third is Eir, who is a goddess of medicine and medical care.",
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"plaintext": " The fourth is Gefjon, who is a may, and those who die maids become her hand-maidens.",
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"plaintext": " The fifth is Fulla, who is also a may, she wears her hair flowing and has a golden ribbon about her head; she carries Frigg's chest, takes care of her shoes and knows her secrets.",
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"plaintext": " The sixth is Freyja, who is ranked with Frigg. She is wedded to the man whose name is Oder; their daughter's name is Hnos, and she is so fair that all things fair and precious are called, from her name, Hnos. Oder went far away. Freyja weeps for him, but her tears are red gold. Freyja has many names, and the reason therefor is that she changed her name among the various nations to which she came in search of Oder. She is called Mardol, Horn, Gefn, and Syr. She has the necklace Brising, and she is called Vanadis.",
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"plaintext": " The seventh is Sjöfn, who is fond of turning men's and women's hearts to love, and it is from her name that love is called Sjafne.",
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"plaintext": " The eighth is Lofn, who is kind and good to those who call upon her, and she has permission from Alfather or Frigg to bring together men and women, no matter what difficulties may stand in the way; therefore \"love\" is so called from her name, and also that which is much loved by men.",
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"plaintext": " The ninth is Var. She hears the oaths and troths that men and women plight to each other. Hence such vows are called vars, and she takes vengeance on those who break their promises.",
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"plaintext": " The tenth is Vör, who is so wise and searching that nothing can be concealed from her. It is a saying that a woman becomes vor (ware) of what she becomes wise.",
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"plaintext": " The eleventh is Syn, who guards the door of the hall, and closes it against those who are not to enter. In trials she guards those suits in which anyone tries to make use of falsehood. Hence is the saying that \"syn is set against it,\" when anyone tries to deny ought.",
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"plaintext": " The twelfth is Hlín, who guards those men whom Frigg wants to protect from any danger. Hence is the saying that he hlins who is forewarned.",
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"plaintext": " The thirteenth is Snotra, who is wise and courtly. After her, men and women who are wise are called Snotras.",
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"plaintext": " The fourteenth is Gna, whom Frigg sends on her errands into various worlds. She rides upon a horse called Hofvarpner, that runs through the air and over the sea. Once, when she was riding, some vanir saw her faring through the air. ...",
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"plaintext": "Sól and Bil are numbered among the goddesses, but their nature has already been described.",
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"plaintext": "The a-rune, ansuz, , Younger Futhark ᚬ, was probably named after the Æsir. The name in this sense survives only in the Icelandic Rune Poem as Óss, referring to Óðinn, who is identified with Jupiter:",
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"plaintext": "{|",
"section_idx": 4,
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"plaintext": "|+ Icelandic Rune Poem ",
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"plaintext": "|- style=\"vertical-align:bottom;\"",
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},
{
"plaintext": "! ",
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{
"plaintext": "!",
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{
"plaintext": "! ",
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{
"plaintext": "|-",
"section_idx": 4,
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{
"plaintext": "|",
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{
"plaintext": " Óss er algingautr ",
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{
"plaintext": " ok ásgarðs jöfurr, ",
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{
"plaintext": " ok valhallar vísi. ",
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{
"plaintext": " Jupiter oddviti. ",
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{
"plaintext": "| ",
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"plaintext": "|",
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{
"plaintext": " \"Óss is Aged Gautr ",
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"plaintext": " and prince of Asgard ",
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"plaintext": " and lord of Valhalla ",
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"plaintext": " chieftain Jupiter.\"",
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"plaintext": "The name of a in the Gothic alphabet is ahsa. The common Germanic name of the rune may thus have either been ansuz \"God, one of the Æsir\", or ahsam \"ear (of corn)\"",
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"plaintext": "Paul Herrman (1906) identified as such *ansulaikom the victory songs of the Batavi after defeating Quintus Petillius Cerialis in the Revolt of the Batavi in the year 69 CE according to Tacitus' account, and also the \"nefarious song\" accompanied by \"running in a circle\" around the head of a decapitated goat sacrificed to (he presumes) Wodan (Odin), sung by the Lombards at their victory celebration in 579CE.",
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"plaintext": " Osred, Oslaf, Øsa (with i-mutation from a presumed *ós-i-), and Osgar (Anglo-Saxon form of Ásgeir).",
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"plaintext": "These names were notably popular in the dynasty of Bernicia. Still in wide use are the surnames",
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"plaintext": "As occurs in many Scandinavian given names:",
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"plaintext": " Asbjørn, Asgeir (Asger, Asker), Asmund, Astrid, Asdîs, Asgautr, Aslaug, Åse, etc.",
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"plaintext": "Old High German had Anso, Anselm, Ansgar, Anshilt, Anspald, and Ansnôt, and Lombardic has Answald and Ansprand.",
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"plaintext": "As also occurs in some English names. In 874, King Asketil was one of four Viking nobles who sacked Repton, the capital of Mercia, England. As 'ketil' means 'cauldron' (whence the English word 'kettle' is derived), his name means 'God's cauldron'. The English surname Astle is derived from his name; however, it is not related to the name Astley. Less common alternative spellings of Astle include",
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"plaintext": "Astel, Astell, Astill, Astyll and Astull.",
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"plaintext": "Ásatrú, a kind of Heathenry whose name means \"faith in the Æsir\", is a new religious movement of polytheistic reconstructionism based on Norse paganism. As of 2007, Ásatrú is a religion officially recognized by the governments of Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.",
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"plaintext": "Most adherents do not emphasize worship of the Æsir in particular and refer to their practice as \"Forn sed / sidr / siður\" meaning old customs. The Icelandic Ásatrúarfélagið describes Ásatrú as \"Nordic pantheism\" involving \"belief in the Icelandic / Nordic folklore\" including all the \"spirits and entities\" besides \"gods and other beings\" this entails.",
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"plaintext": " Horses of the Æsir",
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"plaintext": " Common Germanic deities",
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"plaintext": " List of Germanic deities",
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"plaintext": " du Bois, Thomas A. (1999). Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ",
"section_idx": 11,
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Dumézil, G. (1973). Gods of the Ancient Northmen. Editor Einar Haugen; Introduction by C. Scott Littleton & Udo Strutynski. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ",
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"plaintext": " Grimm, J. (1882–1883). Deutsche Mythologie [Germanic Mythology] in 4vols. Trans. James Steven Stallybrass. London, GB: Bell.",
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"plaintext": " Munch, P.A. (1926). Norse Mythology: Legends of Gods and Heroes. Edition by Magnus Olsen; translated by Sigurd Bernhard Hustvedt. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation; London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press.",
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"plaintext": " Orchard, Andy (2002). Cassell's Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. London: Cassell. ",
"section_idx": 11,
"section_name": "Sources",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Turville-Petre, Gabriel (1964). Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ",
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"section_name": "Sources",
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"plaintext": " De Vries, J. [1956–1957] (1970). Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. 2 vols. 2nd ed. Berlin: De Gruyter.",
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3322283,
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"plaintext": " Viktor Rydberg's Teutonic Mythology: Gods and Goddesses of the Northland e-book",
"section_idx": 12,
"section_name": "External links",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " W. Wagner's Asgard and the Home of the Gods e-book",
"section_idx": 12,
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " H. A. Guerber Myths of Northern Lands e-book",
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"plaintext": " Peter Andreas Munch Norse Mythology: Legends of Gods and Heroes e-book",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " American Heritage Dictionary, \"Indo-European roots\": ansu, Bartleby",
"section_idx": 12,
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"target_page_ids": [],
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}
] | [
"Æsir",
"Germanic_paganism",
"Types_of_deities"
] | 170,358 | 24,081 | 500 | 170 | 0 | 0 | Æsir | principal pantheon in Norse mythology | [
"Asier",
"Aesier"
] |
38,613 | 1,101,529,939 | 1656 | [
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"plaintext": " June 16 After a 41-day voyage, the seven-member team dispatched from the Vergulde Draeck reaches Batavia and alerts Dutch East India Company officials that the ship was wrecked on April 28. Two rescue ships, the Goede Hoop and the Witte Valck are sent rescue the men marooned in Western Australia. By the time the Goede Hoop arrives, the crew find no sign of the wreckage of the Vergulde Draeck.",
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"plaintext": " June 21 Poland's capital, Warsaw, is recaptured by Poland's John II Casimir Vasa after 11 months of the capital had fallen on July 25, 1655 to Sweden. ",
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"plaintext": " June 27 The Navy of the Ottoman Empire suffers a major defeat after two days of fighting against the navies of the Republic of Venice and of Malta in the Battle of the Dardanelles, one of the Turkish straits that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Out of 98 Ottoman Turkish ships under the command of Kenan Pasha, 82 are either captured or destroyed. Venice loses only three of its ships, but its commander, Admiral Lorenzo Marcello, is killed by a direct cannon hit to his flagship.",
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"plaintext": " June 29 The Treaty of Marienburg is signed by representatives of the Sweden and of Brandenburg and Prussia to create a military alliance during the Second Northern War. King Karl X Gustav signs for Sweden and the Elector Friedrich Wilhelm signs for Brandenburg and Prussia.",
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"plaintext": " July 18 In an attempt to find survivors of the Vergulde Draeck, a search party is sent ashore by the rescue ship Goede Hoop'''; eleven men from two search parties while in the forests around the wreckage site. No trace of the Verguled Draeck will be found for more than three centuries, until its wreckage is discovered by skin divers on April 13, 1963.",
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"plaintext": " July 27 A Writ of Excommunication is issued against Baruch Spinoza.",
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"plaintext": " July 30 After a battle of three days, Swedish and Brandenburger troops led by King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, near Warsaw and recapture the recently liberated capital.",
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"plaintext": " August 8 In the Ayutthaya Kingdom, comprising most of the territory now occupied by Thailand, King Prasat Thong dies after a reign of more than 25 years. His eldest son, Prince Chao Fa Chai, is crowned as King Sanpet VI but Prasat's brother plots the new king's overthrow.",
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"plaintext": " August 9 King Sanpet's uncle, Prince Si Suthammaracha, stages a coup d'etat and becomes the new King of Ayutthaya, now Thailand. Suthammaracha appoints another nephew, Prince Narai, as his chief minister and former King Sanpet is executed two days later on August 11. Suthammaracha's reign lasts less than three months.",
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"plaintext": " August 14 In one of the first battles of the Russo-Swedish War, Russian troops capture the Swedish-controlled city of Kokenhusen in Swedish Livonia (Latvia). Tsar Alexis, ruler of the Russian Empire and the leader of the Russian troops in battle, renames Kokenhausen \"Tsarevich-Dmitriev\" in honor of his late first-born son. Russia holds the city for more than 30 years before it is ceded back to Sweden. Kokenhusen is now the Latvian town of Koknese.",
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"plaintext": " August 27 The Treaty of Butre is signed in West Africa by representatives of the Dutch West India Company and of the Ahanta Kingdom and allows the Netherlands to have a protectorate over the Dutch Gold Coast. The area is now part of the Republic of Ghana.",
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"plaintext": " September 15 Köprülü Mehmed Pasha becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.",
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"plaintext": " October 26 King Si Suthammaracha Ayutthaya (now Thailand) is overthrown in a coup d'etat by his nephew and former ally, Prince Narai, 11 weeks after having staged a coup to seize the throne. Narai is crowned as King Ramathibodi III. ",
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"plaintext": " November 3 The Truce of Vilna is signed between, Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In addition to agreeing to a temporary ceasefire in their ongoing war, Tsar Alexis of Russia agrees to help defend the commonwealth against Sweden's invasion in return for being Tsar Alexis being named heir to the thrones of Poland and Lithuania by King John II Casimir Vasa. ",
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"plaintext": " November 4 Ali Adil Shah II becomes the new Sultan of Bijapur (located in what is now India's Karnataka state) upon the death of his father, Mohammed Adil Shah.",
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"plaintext": " November 6 At the age of 13, Prince Afonso, Duke of Braganza becomes the new King of Portugal upon the death of his father, King João IV. Because of his age and a mental disability King Afonso VI's authority is exercised instead my his mother, Queen Luisa, as Regent.",
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"plaintext": " November 20 The Treaty of Labiau is signed, between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg.",
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"plaintext": " December 1 A treaty of alliance is signed between the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.",
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"plaintext": " December 6 The Treaty of Radnot is signed between Sweden, the Electorate of Brandenburg, Transylvania (now Romania), and two rebels groups within Poland on how to divide the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the event of a victory in the Second Northern War.",
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"plaintext": " December 16 English Quaker James Nayler is convicted of blasphemy but spared the death penalty.",
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"plaintext": " December 17 King Frederick III of Denmark and Norway decrees that loan repayments and payments of interest to lenders will be made on two specific days, May 29 and June 11, each one nicknamed the Fandens fødselsdag or \"Devil's Birthday\",",
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"plaintext": " December 25 The pendulum clock is invented by Christiaan Huygens, so accurate that it only loses 10 seconds per day. Huygens will mention the date in a letter to Ismail Boulliau a year later. ",
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"plaintext": " The Stockholm Banco, the first bank to issue banknotes, is founded in Stockholm, Sweden.",
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"plaintext": " The only English fifty shilling coin is minted.",
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"plaintext": " Konoike Zen'amon (son of Konoike Shinroku) founds a baking and money-changing business in Osaka, Japan.",
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"plaintext": " Adams' Grammar School at Newport, Shropshire, England is founded by William Adams.",
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"plaintext": " Physician Samuel Stockhausen of the metal mining town of Goslar, Lower Saxony publishes his Libellus de lithargyrii fumo noxio morbifico, ejusque metallico frequentiori morbo vulgò dicto die Hütten Katze oder Hütten Rauch (\"Treatise on the Noxious Fumes of Litharge, Diseases caused by them and Miners' Asthma\"), a pioneering study of occupational disease.</onlyinclude>",
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"plaintext": " January 1 William Fleetwood, Anglican bishop (d. 1723)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 2 Paolo Panelli, Italian painter (d. 1759)",
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"plaintext": " January 14 Duchess Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1686)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 John Ashburnham, 1st Baron Ashburnham, English politician (d. 1710)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 29 Samuel Andrew, American Congregational clergyman, educator (d. 1738)",
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"plaintext": " February 2 Charles Churchill (British Army general) (d. 1714)",
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"plaintext": " February 9 Rose Venerini, Italian saint, educational pioneer (d. 1728)",
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"plaintext": " February 10 Ferdinand de Marsin, Marshal of France (d. 1706)",
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"plaintext": " February 16 Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland, English politician (d. 1694)",
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"plaintext": " March 1 Maria Angela Caterina d'Este, Italian princess (d. 1722)",
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"plaintext": " March 2 Jan Frans van Douven, Dutch painter (d. 1727)",
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"plaintext": " March 11 Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1715)",
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"plaintext": " March 13 Hachisuka Tsunamichi, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d. 1678)",
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"plaintext": " March 26 Nicolaas Hartsoeker, Dutch mathematician and physicist (d. 1725)",
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"plaintext": " March 30 Nicolas de Largillière, French painter (d. 1746)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 31 Giovanni Batista Bussi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1726)",
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"plaintext": " March 31 Juan Andrés de Ustariz, Royal Governor of Cuba (d. 1718)",
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"plaintext": " April 17 William Molyneux, Irish politician, philosopher and writer (d. 1698)",
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"plaintext": " April 9 Francesco Trevisani, Italian painter (d. 1746)",
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"plaintext": " April 10 René Lepage de Sainte-Claire, lord-founder of Rimouski in eastern Quebec, Canada (d. 1718)",
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"plaintext": " April 12 Benoît de Maillet, French diplomat and natural historian (d. 1738)",
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"plaintext": " April 23 Anton Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg, Governor of the Electorate of Saxony (d. 1716)",
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"plaintext": " May 2 Sir Richard Levinge, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1724)",
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"plaintext": " May 4 John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg (d. 1704)",
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{
"plaintext": " May 8 Sir John Mainwaring, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1702)",
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
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{
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
"plaintext": " Date unknown''",
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{
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] | [
"1656",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 6,982 | 458 | 148 | 503 | 0 | 0 | 1656 | year | [] |
38,614 | 1,106,551,595 | 1658 | [
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11,
21
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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10,
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},
{
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10,
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 17 Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese politician (d. 1736)",
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{
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{
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10,
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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1,
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12,
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},
{
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29
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},
{
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{
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1,
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14,
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38,615 | 1,107,919,362 | The_Myth_of_Sisyphus | [
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"plaintext": "The Myth of Sisyphus () is a 1942 philosophical essay by Albert Camus. ",
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"plaintext": "Influenced by philosophers such as Søren Kierkegaard, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Nietzsche, Camus introduces his philosophy of the absurd. The absurd lies in the juxtaposition between the fundamental human need to attribute meaning to life and the \"unreasonable silence\" of the universe in response. Does the realization of the absurd require suicide? Camus answers, \"No. It requires revolt.\" He then outlines several approaches to the absurd life. In the final chapter, Camus compares the absurdity of man's life with the situation of Sisyphus, a figure of Greek mythology who was condemned to repeat forever the same meaningless task of pushing a boulder up a mountain, only to see it roll down again. The essay concludes, \"The struggle itself ... is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy\".",
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"plaintext": "The work can be seen in relation to other absurdist works by Camus: the novel The Stranger (1942), the plays The Misunderstanding (1942) and Caligula (1944), and especially the essay The Rebel (1951).",
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"plaintext": "Camus began the work in 1940, during the fall of France, when millions of refugees fled from advancing German armies. This helped him in understanding the absurd, although the essay rarely refers to this event. The essay was published in French in 1942.",
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"plaintext": "The English translation by Justin O'Brien was first published in 1955. Included in the translated version is a preface written by Camus while in Paris in 1955. Here Camus states that \"even if one does not believe in God, suicide is not legitimate\".",
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"plaintext": "The essay is dedicated to Pascal Pia and is organized in four chapters and one appendix.",
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"plaintext": "Camus undertakes the task of answering what he considers to be the only question of philosophy that matters: Does the realization of the meaninglessness and absurdity of life necessarily require suicide?",
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"plaintext": "He begins by describing the following absurd condition: we build our life on the hope for tomorrow, yet tomorrow brings us closer to death and is the ultimate enemy; people live their lives as if they were not aware of the certainty of death. Once stripped of its common romanticism, the world is a foreign, strange and inhuman place; true knowledge is impossible and rationality and science cannot explain the world: their stories ultimately end in meaningless abstractions, in metaphors. This is the absurd condition and \"from the moment absurdity is recognized, it becomes a passion, the most harrowing of all.\"",
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"plaintext": "It is not the world that is absurd, nor human thought: the absurd arises when the human need to understand meets the unreasonableness of the world, when the \"appetite for the absolute and for unity\" meets \"the impossibility of reducing this world to a rational and reasonable principle.\"",
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"plaintext": "He then characterizes several philosophies that describe and attempt to deal with this feeling of the absurd, by Martin Heidegger, Karl Jaspers, Lev Shestov, Søren Kierkegaard, and Edmund Husserl. All of these, he claims, commit \"philosophical suicide\" by reaching conclusions that contradict the original absurd position, either by abandoning reason and turning to God, as in the case of Kierkegaard and Shestov, or by elevating reason and ultimately arriving at ubiquitous Platonic forms and an abstract god, as in the case of Husserl.",
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"plaintext": "For Camus, who sets out to take the absurd seriously and follow it to its final conclusions, these \"leaps\" cannot convince. Taking the absurd seriously means acknowledging the contradiction between the desire of human reason and the unreasonable world. Suicide, then, also must be rejected: without man, the absurd cannot exist. The contradiction must be lived; reason and its limits must be acknowledged, without false hope. However, the absurd can never be permanently accepted: it requires constant confrontation, constant revolt.",
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"plaintext": "While the question of human freedom in the metaphysical sense loses interest to the absurd man, he gains freedom in a very concrete sense: no longer bound by hope for a better future or eternity, without a need to pursue life's purpose or to create meaning, \"he enjoys a freedom with regard to common rules\".",
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"plaintext": "To embrace the absurd implies embracing all that the unreasonable world has to offer. Without meaning in life, there is no scale of values. \"What counts is not the best living but the most living.\"",
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"plaintext": "Thus, Camus arrives at three consequences from fully acknowledging the absurd: revolt, freedom, and passion.",
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"plaintext": "How should the absurd man live? Clearly, no ethical rules apply, as they are all based on higher powers or on justification. \"...integrity has no need of rules... 'Everything is permitted,'... is not an outburst of relief or of joy, but rather a bitter acknowledgement of a fact.\"",
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"plaintext": "Camus then goes on to present examples of the absurd life. He begins with Don Juan, the serial seducer who lives the passionate life to the fullest. \"There is no noble love but that which recognizes itself to be both short-lived and exceptional.\"",
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"plaintext": "The next example is the actor, who depicts ephemeral lives for ephemeral fame. \"He demonstrates to what degree appearing creates being. In those three hours, he travels the whole course of the dead-end path that the man in the audience takes a lifetime to cover.\"",
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"plaintext": "Camus's third example of the absurd man is the conqueror, the warrior who forgoes all promises of eternity to affect and engage fully in human history. He chooses action over contemplation, aware of the fact that nothing can last and no victory is final.",
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"plaintext": "Here Camus explores the absurd creator or artist. Since explanation is impossible, absurd art is restricted to a description of the myriad experiences in the world. \"If the world were clear, art would not exist.\" Absurd creation, of course, also must refrain from judging and from alluding to even the slightest shadow of hope.",
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"plaintext": "He then analyzes the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky in this light, especially The Diary of a Writer, The Possessed and The Brothers Karamazov. All these works start from the absurd position, and the first two explore the theme of philosophical suicide. However, both The Diary and his last novel, The Brothers Karamazov, ultimately find a path to hope and faith and thus fail as truly absurd creations.",
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"plaintext": "In the last chapter, Camus outlines the legend of Sisyphus who defied the gods and put Death in chains so that no human needed to die. When Death was eventually liberated and it came time for Sisyphus himself to die, he concocted a deceit which let him escape from the underworld. After finally capturing Sisyphus, the gods decided that his punishment would last for all eternity. He would have to push a rock up a mountain; upon reaching the top, the rock would roll down again, leaving Sisyphus to start over. Camus sees Sisyphus as the absurd hero who lives life to the fullest, hates death, and is condemned to a meaningless task.",
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"plaintext": "Camus presents Sisyphus's ceaseless and pointless toil as a metaphor for modern lives spent working at futile jobs in factories and offices. \"The workman of today works every day in his life at the same tasks, and this fate is no less absurd. But it is tragic only at the rare moments when it becomes conscious.\"",
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"plaintext": "Camus is interested in Sisyphus's thoughts when marching down the mountain, to start anew. After the stone falls back down the mountain Camus states that \"It is during that return, that pause, that Sisyphus interests me. A face that toils so close to stones is already stone itself! I see that man going back down with a heavy yet measured step toward the torment of which he will never know the end.\" This is the truly tragic moment when the hero becomes conscious of his wretched condition. He does not have hope, but \"there is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn.\" Acknowledging the truth will conquer it; Sisyphus, just like the absurd man, continues pushing. Camus claims that when Sisyphus acknowledges the futility of his task and the certainty of his fate, he is freed to realize the absurdity of his situation and to reach a state of contented acceptance. With a nod to the similarly cursed Greek hero Oedipus, Camus concludes that \"all is well,\" indeed, that \"one must imagine Sisyphus happy.\"",
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"plaintext": "The essay contains an appendix titled \"Hope and the Absurd in the work of Franz Kafka\". While Camus acknowledges that Kafka's work represents an exquisite description of the absurd condition, he mentions that Kafka fails as an absurd writer because his work retains a glimmer of hope.",
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"plaintext": " Eternal return",
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"plaintext": " The Sickness Unto Death by Søren Kierkegaard",
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"plaintext": " The Plague, The Fall, Exile and the Kingdom, and Selected Essays, Albert Camus, Alfred A. Knopf 2004, ",
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"plaintext": " Complete original text (French)",
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"plaintext": " English text",
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"plaintext": " Chapter 4 of the essay The Myth of Sisyphus, by Albert Camus",
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"plaintext": " SparkNotes on The Myth of Sisyphus",
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"plaintext": " by Richard Barnett",
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{
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1,
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},
{
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74
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{
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, Electress of Saxony (b. 1586)",
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14,
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80
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]
},
{
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29
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},
{
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{
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14,
27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 9 Peter Bulkley, English and later American Puritan (b. 1583)",
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10,
23
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Juan Bautista de Lezana, Spanish theologian (b. 1586)",
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11,
34
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Simon Dach, German poet (b. 1605)",
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 Étienne de Courcelles, French scholar (b. 1586)",
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55
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick (b. 1611)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 3 Morgan Llwyd, Welsh Puritan preacher and writer (b. 1619)",
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " June 23 Hyojong of Joseon, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649-1659) (b. 1619)",
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Gironima Spana, Italian poisoner and central figure of the Spana Prosecution (executed) (b. 1615)",
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"plaintext": " August 7 Jonathan Brewster, American settler (b. 1593)",
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9
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11,
28
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51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 10",
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2315
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Eleonora Ramirez di Montalvo, Italian educator (b. 1602)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1597)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " August 30 ",
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1794
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres, Scottish politician and noble (b. 1618)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Dara Shikoh, Indian prince (b. 1615)",
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"plaintext": " September 8 Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1622–1659) (b. 1594)",
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},
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"plaintext": " September 27 Andreas Tscherning, German poet (b. 1611)",
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15,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " September 30 Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (b. 1589)",
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55
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},
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"plaintext": " October 1 Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Spanish politician, clergyman (b. 1600)",
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1,
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12,
37
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 8",
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22543
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1,
10
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},
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"plaintext": " Jean de Quen, French Jesuit missionary and historian (b. c. 1603)",
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"plaintext": " Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster, English politician (b. 1584)",
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},
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"plaintext": " October 10 Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (b. 1603)",
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34891
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24
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},
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"plaintext": " October 27 Giovanni Francesco Busenello, Italian librettist (b. 1598)",
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"plaintext": " October 31 John Bradshaw, English judge (b. 1602)",
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"plaintext": " November 6 Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (b. 1597)",
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},
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"plaintext": " November 7 Jens Bjelke, Norwegian noble (b. 1580)",
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11
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24
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},
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"plaintext": " November 10 Afzal Khan, Indian commander of the Bijapur Adilshahi forces",
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21760,
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"plaintext": " December 5 Fra Bonaventura Bisi, Italian painter (b. 1601)",
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11
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33
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " János Apáczai Csere, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1625)",
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1,
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54
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},
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"plaintext": " Alain de Solminihac, French bishop and beatified person (b. 1593)",
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61,
65
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown Anne Greene, English domestic servant and execution survivor (b. 1628)",
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] | [
"1659"
] | 6,995 | 364 | 132 | 301 | 0 | 0 | 1659 | year | [] |
38,618 | 1,095,849,241 | 1660 | [
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},
{
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{
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54
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},
{
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10,
25
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 9 Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer, German sculptor (d. 1718)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (d. 1701)",
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1,
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93
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},
{
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1,
9
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[
11,
35
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Filippo Antonio Gualterio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1728)",
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[
1,
9
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11,
36
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68,
72
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Samuel Crellius, Arian philosopher and theologian (d. 1747)",
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1,
9
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11,
26
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65,
69
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},
{
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1,
9
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27
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Johann Kuhnau, German composer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1722)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
23
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78
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 16 Hans Sloane, British physician (d. 1753)",
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
22
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 Sebastián Durón, Spanish composer (d. 1716)",
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
26
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Cornelis Dusart, Dutch painter (d. 1704)",
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1,
9
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11,
26
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46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " By May Anne Killigrew, English poet and painter (d. 1685)",
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3004852,
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[
9,
23
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[
54,
58
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},
{
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[
1,
6
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[
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28
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven, British politician (d. 1728)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
6
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[
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39
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68
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]
},
{
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1,
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[
9,
25
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 3 Johannes Schenck, Dutch musician and composer (d. 1712)",
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15854,
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1,
7
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[
9,
25
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[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, British aristocrat (d. 1744)",
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1,
7
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[
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48
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[
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77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 King George I of Great Britain (d. 1727)",
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[
1,
7
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14,
39
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[
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48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Jan van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1690)",
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1,
8
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10,
24
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 24 Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician (d. 1718)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
8
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[
10,
48
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[
73,
77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Johann Patkul, Livonian nobleman, politician (d. 1707)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
23
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[
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Luis Francisco de la Cerda, Spanish noble, politician (d. 1711)",
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35542
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
37
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[
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73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (d. 1686)",
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1,
10
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[
12,
55
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Sir Richard Bulkeley, 2nd Baronet of England (d. 1710)",
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
45
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 Hubert Gautier, French engineer (d. 1737)",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
26
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[
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52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 ",
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1013
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[
1,
10
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Wroth, British politician (d. 1720)",
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27697764,
34945
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[
1,
13
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[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claude-François Fraguier, French churchman, writer (d. 1728)",
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22753801,
34766
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[
1,
25
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 2 Louis Chéron, French painter (d. 1725)",
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23081537,
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1,
12
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14,
26
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 Willem Verschuring, Dutch painter (d. 1726)",
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1,
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15,
33
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 George William, Duke of Liegnitz (d. 1675)",
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1,
13
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15,
47
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[
52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " September Daniel Defoe, English writer (d. 1731)",
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27529,
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35852
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1,
10
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12,
24
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (d.1723)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
61
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[
84,
88
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (d. 1734)",
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22570,
98917,
35850
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1,
11
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13,
30
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 22 Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (d. 1661)",
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22571,
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1,
11
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[
13,
46
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 ",
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22436
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein, German general (d. 1735)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20960498,
34727
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
39
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1731)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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36884877,
35852
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[
1,
66
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[
71,
75
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 ",
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21805
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1705)",
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38518017,
38638
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[
1,
14
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Samuel Russell, Minister of Branford, Yale co-founder (d. 1731)",
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14110180,
35852
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[
1,
15
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau, Austrian ornithologist (d. 1731)",
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35852
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
45
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74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1711)",
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21447,
7859105,
35542
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
72
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[
104,
108
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (d. 1746)",
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21763,
363787,
35841
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Daniel Ernst Jablonski, Czech bishop (d. 1741)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21575,
806018,
35844
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Franz Karl of Auersperg, Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg (1705-1713) (d. 1713)",
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38632
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
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[
96,
100
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (d. 1690)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21579,
2707889,
34719
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
52
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Marshal of France (d. 1737)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21577,
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35848
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
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[
38,
55
],
[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December Massimo Santoro Tubito, Italian priest and writer (d. unknown)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
11,
33
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 André Campra, French composer (d. 1744)",
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8354,
60583,
35843
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1,
11
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[
13,
25
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German countess (d. 1715)",
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1,
12
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14,
61
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83,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester, English politician (d. 1698)",
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12
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14,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Peter Schenk the Elder, German engraver and cartographer (d. 1711)",
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35542
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
36
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[
75,
79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Veronica Giuliani, Italian Capuchin mystic (d. 1727)",
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35854
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1,
12
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[
14,
31
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[
61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Chen Shu, Chinese painter (d. 1736)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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35849
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1,
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{
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{
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},
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},
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},
{
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]
},
{
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{
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8
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]
},
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},
{
"plaintext": " Michelangelo Cerquozzi, Italian painter (b. 1602)",
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},
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1,
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},
{
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9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Petrus Scriverius, Dutch writer (b. 1576)",
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[
1,
9
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11,
28
],
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (b. 1635)",
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1,
7
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33
],
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 ",
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1,
7
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Frans van Schooten, Dutch mathematician (b. 1615)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare, Irish earl (b. 1612)",
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"plaintext": " June 2 Annet de Clermont-Gessant, French 59th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1587)",
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Anne Holck, Danish noble and war heroine (b. 1602)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 George II Rákóczi, Transylvanian ruler (b. 1621)",
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26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 8 Lorentz Eichstadt, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1596)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Lady Katherine Ferrers, English aristocrat and heiress (b. 1634)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 30 William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Anna of Pomerania, Duchess-Consort of Croy and Havré (b. 1590)",
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7
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26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Agostino Mitelli, Italian painter (b. 1609)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 6 Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (b. 1599)",
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11,
26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 10 Esmé Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond (b. 1649)",
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1,
10
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12,
46
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55
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 14",
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1417
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maria Gonzaga, Duchess of Montferrat, Italian noble (b. 1609)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Lytton, Member of Parliament (b. 1586)",
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},
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"plaintext": " August 31 Johann Freinsheim, German classical scholar, critic (b. 1608)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (b. 1577)",
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25
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69
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 13 Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester, son of Charles I (b. 1640)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1596)",
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1,
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15,
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 Vincent de Paul, French saint (b. 1580)",
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1,
13
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 Francesco Albani, Italian painter (b. 1578)",
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1,
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12,
28
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 6 Paul Scarron, French writer (b. 1610)",
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1,
10
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24
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48
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Thomas Harrison, English soldier (b. 1616)",
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1,
11
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13,
28
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Adrian Scrope, English regicide (b. 1601)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 5",
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21565
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1,
11
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (b. 1599)",
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38588
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[
1,
31
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59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)",
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55
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 John Finch, 1st Baron Finch, English judge (b. 1584)",
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12
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65
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Prince Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1591)",
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1,
12
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21,
54
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59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1592)",
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1,
11
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13,
28
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51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 André Tacquet, Belgian mathematician (b. 1612)",
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14,
27
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 24 Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (b. 1631)",
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8359,
403381,
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1,
12
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14,
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62,
66
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Hervey Bagot, English politician (b. 1591)",
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1,
12
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14,
26
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51,
55
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},
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"plaintext": " approximate William Stone, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1603)",
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14,
27
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29,
58
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[
66,
70
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]
}
] | [
"1660",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 7,001 | 497 | 168 | 326 | 0 | 0 | 1660 | year | [] |
38,620 | 1,106,942,767 | 1663 | [
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},
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Francis Barrell, English politician (d. 1724)",
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"plaintext": " January 27 George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1733)",
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"plaintext": " February 1 Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino religious sister (d. 1748)",
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"plaintext": " February 12 Cotton Mather, American theologian (d. 1728)",
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27
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
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36
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pirro Albergati, Italian composer (d. 1735)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1735)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay, Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. 1741)",
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},
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " October 3 Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen, German philosopher (d. 1727)",
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22549
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Italian critic and poet (d. 1728)",
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},
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"plaintext": " October 17 Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1734)",
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " November 30 Andrea Adami da Bolsena, Italian castrato (d. 1742)",
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"plaintext": " December 8 Nathan Gold, deputy colonial governor of Connecticut (d. 1723)",
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{
"plaintext": " Date unknown ",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " William King, English poet (d. 1712)",
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140515,
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1,
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36
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},
{
"plaintext": " Delarivier Manley, English author (d. 1724)",
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1,
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39,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Antonio Zucchelli, Italian Franciscan capuchin friar, explorer and missionary (d. 1716)",
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35645711,
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 2 Illiam Dhone, Manx politician (b. 1608)",
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15788,
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1,
10
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12,
24
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46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 6 George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier, politician (b. 1585)",
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1,
10
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12,
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[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Giancarlo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1611)",
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15940,
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Robert Sanderson, English theologian and casuist (b. 1587)",
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15814,
1241783,
38592
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1,
11
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13,
29
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[
66,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 31 John Spelman, English politician (b. 1606)",
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Adam Adami, German bishop, diplomat (b. 1603)",
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1152553,
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1,
12
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14,
24
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54,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (b. 1625)",
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1,
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],
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11,
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],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat and landowner (b. 1605)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20223,
2289460,
35085
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
46
],
[
83,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 Biagio Marini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1594)",
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 John Norton, American divine (b. 1606)",
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[
1,
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],
[
10,
21
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 7 Francis Cooke, English Mayflower Pilgrim (b. c. 1583)",
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2735,
399152,
38595
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
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62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 David Questiers, Dutch poet (b. 1623)",
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1974,
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
26
],
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43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Kjeld Stub, Danish priest (b. 1607)",
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
21
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (b. 1635)",
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
45
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 3 Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (b. 1592)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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19350,
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37146,
35529
],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
30
],
[
44,
54
],
[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Johan van Rensselaer, Dutch noble (b. 1625)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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23977795,
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],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
28
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 11 Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, Prince of France (b. 1595)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
48
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 Selius Marselis, Dutch/Norwegian tradesman (b. 1600)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Jean Guyon, French colonist (b. 1592)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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5068365,
35529
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
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19
],
[
41,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1582)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1,
7
],
[
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22
],
[
24,
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],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Béatrix de Cusance, Frenc-Comtois noble woman (b. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
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59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, French noble (b. 1596)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
40
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 John Bramhall, Archbishop of Armagh, Anglican controversialist (b. 1594)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15799,
1674498,
4381936,
34991
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
25,
45
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 26 John Alleyn, Cornish barrister (b. 1621)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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35110
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2 Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (b. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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38588
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Samuel Newman, colonial Massachusetts clergyman (b. 1602)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15861,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
22
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Thomas Baltzar, German violinist (b. c. 1631)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15863,
148667,
35161
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1624)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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1,
8
],
[
10,
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],
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72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1637–1663) (b. 1629)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15947,
14357809,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
47
],
[
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68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 Samuel Stone, Connecticut Puritan minister (b. 1602)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15803,
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],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 10 Edward Convers, American settler (b. 1590)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2315,
11332850,
38590
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
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53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 26 Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1603)",
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
39
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28146,
774450,
34891
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
34
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Thomas Stucley (MP), English politician (b. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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],
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[
1,
13
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15,
34
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 ",
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27934
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christoffer Urne, Governor General of Norway (b. 1593)",
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[
1,
17
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1584)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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38594
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
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],
[
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66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 7 Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1634)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1,
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],
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1610)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1,
11
],
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Raphael Cotoner, Spanish 60th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1601)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
62,
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],
[
86,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Théophile Raynaud, French theologian (b. 1583)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22437,
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1,
11
],
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13,
30
],
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 Louis IV of Legnica, Duke of Oława and Brzeg (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
33
],
[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 Severo Bonini, Italian composer (b. 1582)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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390040,
34868
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
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13,
26
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba (b. c. 1583)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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8850
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Camillo Astalli, Italian cardinal (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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35106
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[
1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (b. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1606)",
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],
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1,
12
],
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14,
33
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician, physicist (b. 1618)",
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Chiara Varotari, Italian Baroque painter (b. 1584)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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"anchor_spans": [
[
15,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Bihari Lal, Indian Poet (b. 1595)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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"anchor_spans": [
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}
] | [
"1663"
] | 7,577 | 456 | 135 | 358 | 0 | 0 | 1663 | year | [] |
38,622 | 1,081,996,056 | 1664 | [
{
"plaintext": " It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664).",
"section_idx": 0,
"section_name": "Introduction",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 The siege of the Croatian fortress at Novi Zrin (located near the village of Donja Dubrava in Croatia near its border with Hungary). After a 32-day defense, the Croatian defenders surrender to troops of the Ottoman Empire.",
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217,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 Kronenbourg Brewery (Brasseries Kronenbourg) is founded in Strasbourg.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 The Second Anglo-Dutch War carries over to North America as soldiers of the English Army invade the Dutch colony of New Netherland, promised by King Charles II of England to his brother, the Duke of York. By October, the Dutch Republic surrenders the colony to the English and New Netherland (and its largest city, New Amsterdam) are renamed in honor of York.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 Battle of Saint Gotthard: The Ottoman Empire is defeated by a Habsburg army, led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, leading to the Peace of Vasvár.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Sir John Lisle, a former member of the English House of Commons who had been designated a regicide for his role in signing the death warrant in the execution in 1649 of Charles I of England, is assassinated in a church courtyard in Lausanne in Switzerland. Lisle had gone into exile after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The shooting of Lisle, done on order of King Charles II, is carried out by a team led by royal agent James Cotter. ",
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"plaintext": " John Evelyn's Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber is published in London, in book form.",
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"plaintext": " March 4 Juan de Esteyneffer, Moravian German lay Jesuit missionary sent to the New World (d. 1716)",
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"plaintext": " March 17 Georg Österreich, German composer and music collector (d. 1735)",
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"plaintext": " March 20 Johann Homann, German cartographer (d. 1724)",
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"plaintext": " April 5 Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine, French noblewoman, Princess of Epinoy by marriage (d. 1748)",
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"plaintext": " April 6 ",
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"plaintext": " Arvid Horn, Swedish politician (d. 1742)",
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"plaintext": " Gustaf Cronhielm, Swedish politician (d. 1737)",
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"plaintext": " April 11 Pierce Lewis, Welsh cleric who helped to \"correct\" the 1690 edition of the Welsh Bible (d. 1699)",
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"plaintext": " May 6 Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr (d. 1705)",
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"plaintext": " May 10 Tørres Christensen, Norwegian merchant (d. 1721)",
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"plaintext": " June 7 ",
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"plaintext": " Edward Harley, English politician (d. 1735)",
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"plaintext": " Henry Dawnay, 2nd Viscount Downe, Irish peer (d. 1741)",
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"plaintext": " June 22 Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1707)",
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"plaintext": " August 2 Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1712)",
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},
{
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},
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"plaintext": " Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1742)",
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},
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27949
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1,
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},
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1,
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52
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
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],
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54
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]
},
{
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},
{
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},
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61
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},
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56
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 9 ",
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Speth, German composer (d. 1719)",
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38631
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[
1,
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[
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39
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)",
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1,
12
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61
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 18 Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1688)",
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]
},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 Countess Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen, German noblewoman (d. 1699)",
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]
},
{
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27
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 Henry Bayntun, English politician (d. 1691)",
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1,
12
],
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],
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56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Johann Melchior Dinglinger, German goldsmith (d. 1731)",
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Johanna Dorothea Lindenaer, Dutch writer and agent (d. 1737)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Catherine Jérémie, French-Canadian botanist (d. 1744)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maria Guyomar de Pinha, Siamese cook (d. 1728)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 10 Antoon Sanders, Dutch priest and historian (b. 1586)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans, French princess (b. 1648)",
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1,
11
],
[
13,
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1649)",
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1,
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],
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13,
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79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 Cornelis de Graeff, Dutch mayor (b. 1599)",
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13,
31
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[
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53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Sir John Trelawny, 1st Baronet, British baronet (b. 1592)",
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1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 20 Corfitz Ulfeldt, Danish statesman (b. 1606)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
29
],
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56
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Emmanuel Stupanus, Swiss physician (b. 1587)",
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],
[
14,
31
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[
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57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Bernhard von Mallinckrodt, German bibliophile (b. 1591)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
35
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 16 Ivan Vyhovsky, Ukrainian Cossack leader ",
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1,
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],
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24
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 Francisco de Araujo, Spanish theologian (b. 1580)",
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11,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Guru Har Krishan, 8th Guru of Sikhism (b. 1656)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby, English defender of Latham House (b. 1599)",
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (b. 1577)",
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10,
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44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Silvius I Nimrod, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (b. 1622)",
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1,
9
],
[
11,
53
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[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 19 Elisabeth de Bourbon-Vendôme, French princess (b. 1614)",
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37
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Elizabeth Poole, Puritan and business woman (b. c. 1599)",
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7
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24
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64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 1 Michiel Sweerts, Flemish painter (b. 1618)",
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7
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24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 2 Henry II, Duke of Guise (b. 1614)",
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32
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41
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 22 Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (b. 1631)",
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1,
8
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10,
27
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " July Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (b. 1588)",
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7,
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},
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"plaintext": " July 4 George III of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (1633–1664) (b. 1611)",
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1,
7
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[
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28
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64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 15 Abraham Ecchellensis, Lebanese Maronite philosopher (b. 1605)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
30
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70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)",
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8
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10,
29
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54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)",
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50
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Egbert van der Poel, Dutch painter (b. 1621)",
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10,
29
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Goschwin Nickel, Jesuit leader (b. 1582)",
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10,
25
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[
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49
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Jacopo Vignali, Italian painter (b. 1592)",
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9
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11,
25
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Johannes Buxtorf II, Swiss theologian (b. 1599)",
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31
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58
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 23 Jean Bagot, French theologian (b. 1591)",
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12,
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (b. 1610)",
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12,
24
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54
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},
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"plaintext": " August 27 Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish painter (b. 1598)",
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12,
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},
{
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12
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14,
34
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68,
72
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Dutch stadtholder (b. 1613)",
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22437,
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13,
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[
78,
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},
{
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21461,
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1,
11
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[
13,
25
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[
64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Nicolas Perrot d'Ablancourt, Translator (b. 1606)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
41
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 18 Miklós Zrínyi, Croatian and Hungarian military leader, statesman (b. 1620)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
27
],
[
83,
87
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Dietrich Reinkingk, German lawyer and politician (b. 1590)",
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8145,
47954760,
38590
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Niccolò Ludovisi, Prince of Piombino (b. 1613)",
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8270,
11401857,
35100
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar by marriage (b. 1602)",
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8360,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
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[
89,
93
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Gu Mei, politically influential Chinese courtesan, poet and painter (b. 1619)",
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51037105,
35108
],
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[
15,
21
],
[
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91
]
]
}
] | [
"1664",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 7,581 | 910 | 131 | 408 | 0 | 0 | 1664 | year | [] |
38,623 | 1,098,566,975 | 1667 | [
{
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1,
9
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11,
25
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
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19648,
57327,
34899
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1,
7
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10,
27
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[
54,
58
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},
{
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10,
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},
{
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1,
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9,
24
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},
{
"plaintext": "July 27 Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748)",
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55
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},
{
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1,
10
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12,
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[
74,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (d. 1733)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
40
],
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 28 Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)",
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27533,
1852612,
38641
],
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1,
13
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15,
29
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 2 James Sobieski, Crown Prince of Poland (d. 1737)",
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1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (d. 1719)",
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],
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
38
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[
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Jonathan Swift, Irish writer (d. 1745)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
28
],
[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 William Whiston, English mathematician (d. 1752)",
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188885,
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal and Munster (d. 1743)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
83
],
[
88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Yaoya Oshichi, Japanese girl burned at the stake for arson (d. 1683)",
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11554157,
38651
],
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[
1,
14
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[
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Colbjørnsdatter, Norwegian heroine (d. 1736)",
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],
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[
1,
21
],
[
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49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Beinta Broberg, notorious Faroese vicar's wife (d. 1752)",
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34869
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[
1,
15
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Susanna Verbruggen, English actress (d. 1703)",
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[
1,
19
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41,
45
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable ",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Antonio Lotti, Italian composer (d. 1740)",
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35845
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Susanna Centlivre, English actress and playwright (d. 1723)",
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883480,
35808
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Maria Klara of Dietrichstein, German noblewoman (b. 1626)",
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
41
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Vincenzo Maculani, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1578)",
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11362,
29138334,
38599
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Reinhold Curicke, jurist and historian from Danzig (Gdańsk) (b. 1610)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1777,
1341771,
35097
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (b. 1595)",
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2564,
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34890
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Bassam Al-Soukaria, Lebanese army commander (b. 1580)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1541,
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38597
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
29
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Roger Hill, English politician (b. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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13940271,
35085
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
21
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Matthew Wren, influential English clergyman (b. 1585)",
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2734,
2922933,
35837
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Spanish saint and missionary to Guatemala (b. 1626)",
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2733,
3703008,
34586
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
41
],
[
89,
93
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 George Wither, English writer (b. 1588)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19349,
573371,
35147
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
8,
21
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 7 Johann Jakob Froberger, German composer (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19582,
1377315,
35106
],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
30
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Marie Louise Gonzaga, Polish queen (b. 1611) ",
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"target_page_ids": [
19629,
3842557,
34992
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
29
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 14 ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19676
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marcos Ramírez de Prado y Ovando, Archbishop of Mexico (b. 1592)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
49076458,
35529
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
33
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Georges de Scudéry, French novelist, dramatist and poet (b. 1601)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
287112,
35080
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johannes Heinrich Ursinus, German Lutheran scholar (b. 1608)",
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"target_page_ids": [
35134724,
34591
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
26
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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19659
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (b. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2225240,
38588
],
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[
1,
15
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English statesman (b. 1607)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1062220,
35087
],
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[
1,
44
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 Pope Alexander VII (b. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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23789,
38588
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
[
32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 25 Gustaf Bonde, Swedish statesman (b. 1620)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19354,
202239,
35109
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Albrecht von Kalckstein, German noble (b. 1592)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19648,
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35529
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
32
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Jacques de Bela, French writer (b. 1586)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
24
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 ",
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15820
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Swiss philologist and theologian (b. 1620)",
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1332542,
35109
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
26
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1607)",
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2412970,
35087
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[
1,
29
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit and mathematician (b. 1584)",
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2680254,
38594
],
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[
1,
26
],
[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau, Electress Consort of Brandenburg (b. 1627)",
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15815,
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
45
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg (b. 1583)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15817,
37015961,
38595
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, British prince (b. 1663)",
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15818,
8257523,
38620
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
41
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15849
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christiaen van Couwenbergh, Dutch painter (b. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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25039290,
35084
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[
1,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1621–1667) (b. 1621)",
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19119143,
35110
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[
1,
33
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Nicolas Sanson, French cartographer (b. 1600)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15863,
3045258,
35017
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
23
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 11 Stefano Durazzo, Italian cardinal (b. 1594)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15873,
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34991
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
25
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[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Barthélemy Vimont, French missionary (b. 1594)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15878,
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1,
8
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[
10,
27
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[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
24
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[
43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (b. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1,
9
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11,
30
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65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 Frances Hyde, Countess of Clarendon, English noble (b. 1617)",
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34892
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1,
9
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[
11,
46
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 13",
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1129
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[
1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jeremy Taylor, Irish clergyman and writer (b. 1613)",
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{
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{
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1,
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14,
25
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47,
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{
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1,
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15,
27
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},
{
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1,
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15,
29
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64
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{
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1,
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15,
26
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55
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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55
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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55,
59
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},
{
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1,
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13,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 Ernst Adalbert von Harrach, Austrian Catholic cardinal (b. 1598)",
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13,
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},
{
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1,
12
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14,
25
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},
{
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14,
27
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56
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, Polish noble (szlachcic) (b. 1616)",
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14,
40
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75
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]
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] | [
"1667"
] | 7,588 | 580 | 139 | 199 | 0 | 0 | 1667 | year | [] |
38,624 | 1,096,312,185 | 1668 | [
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},
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{
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " François Couperin, French composer (d. 1733)",
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},
{
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14,
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Stokkseyrar-Dísa, Icelandic Galdrmistress (d. 1728)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 6 ",
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},
{
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{
"plaintext": " Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony, Crown Princess of Denmark (b. 1617)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Arnauld de Oihenart, Basque historian and poet (b. 1592)",
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1,
11
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13,
32
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 31 Hermann Busenbaum, German Jesuit theologian (b. 1600)",
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1,
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13,
30
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Antonio del Castillo y Saavedra, Spanish artist (b. 1616)",
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1,
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13,
44
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69
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 8 Alessandro Tiarini, Italian painter (b. 1577)",
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1,
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31
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 John Thurloe, English Puritan spy (b. 1616)",
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},
{
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1,
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11,
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},
{
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1,
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11,
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]
},
{
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1,
9
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Frans Luycx, Flemish painter (b. 1604)",
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1,
6
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Catherine of St. Augustine, French nun and nurse of New France (b. 1632)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 9 Otto Christoph von Sparr, German general (b. 1599)",
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57
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},
{
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1,
7
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37
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},
{
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35109
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1,
8
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10,
23
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53,
57
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},
{
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1,
8
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20
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47
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 9 Jakob Balde, German Latinist (b. 1604)",
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106286,
35084
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1,
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11,
22
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31,
39
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44,
48
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},
{
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1,
10
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12,
37
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64
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Tyman Oosdorp, Dutch brewer and magistrate of Haarlem (b. 1613)",
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1,
10
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12,
25
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 ",
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27650
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1,
13
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Paolo Emilio Rondinini, Italian Bishop of Assisi (b. 1617)",
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34892
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1,
23
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54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jan Miense Molenaer, Dutch painter (b. 1610)",
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1,
20
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44
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},
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33
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"plaintext": " October 12 Zacharias Wagenaer, secretary, painter, then merchant and administrator (Dutch East-India Company) (b. 1614)",
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1,
11
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13,
31
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{
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22554
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1,
11
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},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton, English politician (b. 1594)",
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1,
34
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},
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"plaintext": " Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, English military leader (b. 1602)",
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"plaintext": " November 17 Joseph Alleine, English non-conformist preacher (b. 1634)",
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"plaintext": " November 21 Adolf William, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (b. 1632)",
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14,
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59
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},
{
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49
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72
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},
{
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"plaintext": "unknown date Fang Weiyi, Chinese poet, calligrapher, painter and literature historian (b. 1585)",
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38,625 | 1,100,197,495 | 1669 | [
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"plaintext": " September 6 Francesco Morosini, capitano generale of the Venetian forces in the siege of Candia, surrenders to the Ottomans.",
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"plaintext": " Jean Picard begins measurement of 1 degree of Earth's meridian arc in France.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Jean-Baptiste Forqueray, French musician (d. 1722)",
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1,
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55,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 Emerentia von Düben, Swedish royal favorite (d. 1743)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Sébastien Vaillant, French botanist (d. 1722)",
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53
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]
},
{
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1,
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10,
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[
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 Anne Marie d'Orléans, Queen of Sicily and Sardinia (d. 1728)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 John Anstis, English herald (d. 1744)",
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1,
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12,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Count Wirich Philipp von Daun, Austrian military leader (d. 1741)",
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1,
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73,
77
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Arnold Boonen, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1729)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Alessio Erardi, Maltese painter (d. 1727)",
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],
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1,
15
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37,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter (d. 1732)",
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[
1,
13
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35,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elżbieta Sieniawska, politically influential Polish magnate (d. 1729)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1734)",
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980235,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (b. 1584)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
29
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 3 Catharina Questiers, Dutch poet (b. 1631)",
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1,
11
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13,
32
],
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49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 13 Peter Venables, English politician (b. 1604)",
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],
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1,
12
],
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14,
28
],
[
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57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 23 Lieuwe van Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (b. 1600)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
32
],
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 John Denham, English poet (b. 1615)",
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],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
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41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 Cornelis Jan Witsen, Mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1605)",
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1,
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11,
30
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Willem van der Zaan, Dutch admiral (b. 1621)",
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1,
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],
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11,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Philipp Buchner, German composer (b. 1614)",
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],
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1,
9
],
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11,
26
],
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48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet, English baronet (b. 1624)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
45
],
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67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Johann Michael Moscherosch, German statesman, satirist (b. 1601)",
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],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
36
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Nabeshima Naozumi, Japanese daimyō (b. 1616)",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
38,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 Abdias Treu, German mathematician and academic (b. 1597)",
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 22 Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1639–1669) (b. 1603)",
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
55
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Johannes Canuti Lenaeus, archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden (b. 1573)",
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 Richard Treat, American city founder (b. 1584)",
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Isaac Thornton, English politician (b. 1615)",
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],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
22
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 14 Georges de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1601)",
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16 Pietro da Cortona, Italian artist (b. 1596)",
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort, French soldier (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
47
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire, English politician (b. 1587)",
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (b. 1636)",
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
47
],
[
114,
118
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 William Gawdy, English politician (b. 1612)",
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 28 Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1606)",
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
42
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 3 Esteban Manuel de Villegas, Spanish poet (b. 1589)",
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],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
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63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 10 Henrietta Maria of France, queen of Charles I of England (b. 1609)",
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],
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1,
13
],
[
15,
40
],
[
51,
71
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 28 Pierre Le Muet, French architect (b. 1591)",
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38589
],
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1,
13
],
[
15,
29
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Dutch painter (b. 1606)",
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
42
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 Richard Strode, English politician (b. 1584)",
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)",
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 John Trapp, English theologian (b. 1601)",
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22556,
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35080
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
23
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 19",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22568
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Domenico Fiasella, Italian painter (b. 1589)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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38591
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Matthias Sention, Sr., Connecticut settler (b. 1601)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
42458430,
35080
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
0,
21
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 William Prynne, English Puritan leader (b. 1600)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22345,
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35017
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 Charles Drelincourt, French Protestant divine (b. 1595)",
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34890
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 Johannes Cocceius, Dutch theologian (b. 1603)",
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"target_page_ids": [
21805,
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34891
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1622)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21667,
19192308,
34973
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
46
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Elisabeth Pepys, English wife of Samuel Pepys (b. 1640)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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21760,
1844486,
34893
],
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
29
],
[
64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Pope Clement IX (b. 1600)",
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35017
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
33,
37
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, consort of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. 1627)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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35141
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 Thomas Dyke, English politician (b. 1619)",
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35108
],
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Nathaniel Fiennes, English politician (b. c. 1608)",
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8219,
736767,
34591
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (b. 1626)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8334,
34853627,
34586
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
49
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (b. 1591)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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38589
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
70
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Bogusław Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8204,
1316805,
35109
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
62,
66
]
]
}
] | [
"1669"
] | 7,602 | 418 | 104 | 331 | 0 | 0 | 1669 | year | [] |
38,627 | 1,094,276,657 | 1715 | [
{
"plaintext": " January 9 Robert-François Damiens, French domestic servant, executed for the attempted assassination of Louis XV of France (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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34900
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1,
10
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[
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[
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133
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 10",
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16076
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1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christian August Crusius, German philosopher, Protestant theologian (d. 1775)",
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235232,
35816
],
"anchor_spans": [
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1,
25
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johan Sparre af Söfdeborg, Swedish general, nobleman (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
26
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62
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 Jacques Duphly, French composer (d. 1789)",
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[
13,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Jean-Olivier Briand, French-born Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. 1794)",
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15990,
7280974,
34946
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
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[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 24 Ōkubo Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1764)",
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15954,
29126216,
34720
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 25",
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15845
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Hay, British politician (d. 1778)",
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27731150,
35814
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
36,
40
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Walker, distinguished Virginia physician, explorer (d. 1794)",
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1070947,
34946
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (d. 1777)",
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15814,
582934,
35815
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 Jean-Baptiste Lestiboudois, French botanist (d. 1804)",
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15813,
34270069,
35073
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 31",
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15793
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Fagnano, Italian mathematician (d. 1797)",
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42789700,
34747
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Wayles, American lawyer and planter (d. 1773)",
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28159964,
35817
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 John Hamilton, British politician (d. 1796)",
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11359,
3889744,
34764
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Baltazar Adam Krčelić, Croatian historian and theologian (d. 1778)",
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11119,
34750044,
35814
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
34
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 11 Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British duchess (d. 1785)",
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11184,
4480937,
35801
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
52
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 James Grenville, British Member of Parliament (d. 1783)",
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11158,
26065388,
35523
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22",
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11009
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles-Nicolas Cochin, French artist (d. 1790)",
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15707306,
34916
],
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[
1,
23
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Georges Lefranc de Pompignan, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1790)",
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585850,
34916
],
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[
1,
34
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Claude Adrien Helvétius, French philosopher (d. 1771)",
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11141,
196196,
35675
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Mateo Aimerich, Spanish philologist (d. 1799)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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11310,
3978175,
35496
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave of Great Britain (d. 1763)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20315,
4756749,
35822
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
47
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7",
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"section_name": "Births",
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18935042
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet and officer (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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216584,
35826
],
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[
1,
27
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ephraim Williams, English benefactor of Williams College, soldier in the French and Indian War (d. 1755)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1241832,
34961
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Johan Martin Preisler, German artist (d. 1794)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20199,
38507094,
34946
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
32
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 John Bushell, first (Massachusetts-born) Canadian printer (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20273,
7594822,
35823
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 William Strahan, British politician (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20209,
9752337,
35801
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Mary Frances of the Five Wounds, Italian Franciscan saint (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19773,
9657825,
34590
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
42
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Prussian major general and titular Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1744)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19347,
36227951,
35843
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
60
],
[
133,
137
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Johan Samuel Augustin, German-Danish astronomical writer, civil servant (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20587,
36861252,
35801
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
32
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 William Watson, English scientist (d. 1787)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2279,
1921485,
34634
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 9 Giovanni Carlo Boschi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1788)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1787,
25817737,
34627
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
31
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 11",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2395
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Alcock, English composer and organist (d. 1806)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19691121,
34978
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacob Rodrigues Pereira, academic, first teacher of deaf-mutes in France (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2079982,
35803
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 John Martin Mack, American missionary (d. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1541,
25061698,
35802
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
27
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 James Nares, English composer of mostly sacred vocal works (d. 1783)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2196,
1758540,
35523
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2195
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan, English noble and politician (d. 1811)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8642953,
35627
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
38
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Saliha Sultan, daughter of Ottoman Sultan (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
43970153,
35814
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1827
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Friedrich Doles, German composer (d. 1797)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20785693,
34747
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Hicks, Canadian politician (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
31436747,
34916
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Auguste de Keralio, French nobleman (d. 1805)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
38253810,
35074
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Carl Tersmeden, Swedish admiral (d. 1797)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
29965837,
34747
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 28",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1639
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Carl Fredrik Scheffer, Swedish politician (d. 1786)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
42044123,
35800
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Franz Sparry, Austrian composer (d. 1767)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1256875,
35230
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 4",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19351
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Graves, English minister (d. 1804)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
679277,
35073
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1760)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1413684,
35824
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
27
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 7 Charles Roe, English businessman (d. 1781)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19582,
8368485,
35490
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
8,
19
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 11",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19452
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, fourth child of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach to reach adulthood (d. 1739)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
250976,
35846
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
31
],
[
117,
121
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ignazio Fiorillo, Italian composer (d. 1787)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21967021,
34634
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 Otto William Schwartz, Canadian politician (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19497,
20426653,
35801
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
30
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 William Whitfield II, American Army officer (d. 1795)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19677,
39789971,
35799
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
29
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, French cardinal and statesman (d. 1794)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19660,
592192,
34946
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
45
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 Lodewijk Caspar Valckenaer, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15795,
3567386,
35801
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
35
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 12",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15806
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nicolas Thyrel de Boismont, French abbot (d. 1786)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
3076793,
35800
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
27
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles-René Dejordy de Villebon, French-Canadian explorer (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
3683355,
35823
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
33
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Anna Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Dessau, German noblewoman (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15816,
19477468,
35803
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 John Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1763)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15936,
46908520,
35822
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Harry Grey, 4th Earl of Stamford, British earl, politician (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15815,
25918742,
35820
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Joseph Foullon de Doué, French politician and a Controller-General of Finances under Louis XVI (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15799,
2768237,
34697
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
109,
113
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires between 1757 and 1766 (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15842,
15418503,
35814
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
35
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2 Samuel Finley, American clergyman and educator (d. 1766)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15846,
6191019,
35821
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
22
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 4",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15849
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German author (d. 1769)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
220712,
35819
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles François Hutin, French painter (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
31059811,
8380114
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
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]
},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 25 Luis González Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1763)",
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},
{
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],
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14,
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]
},
{
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},
{
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]
]
},
{
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78
]
]
},
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]
},
{
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1,
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],
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],
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]
},
{
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1,
13
],
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63
],
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108
]
]
},
{
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1,
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],
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],
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]
]
},
{
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1,
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],
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12,
24
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
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],
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1,
10
],
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31
],
[
56,
60
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]
},
{
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22536
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Hustler, English Quaker industrialist (d. 1790)",
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[
1,
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],
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52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist of the Physiocratic school (d. 1789)",
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],
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],
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
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],
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],
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76
]
]
},
{
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1,
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],
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13,
31
],
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]
]
},
{
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1,
11
],
[
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],
[
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57
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]
},
{
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21565
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Brown, English divine and author (d. 1766)",
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564577,
35821
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Felix of Nicosia, Cypriot Catholic saint (d. 1787)",
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],
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1,
17
],
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50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Georg Wille, German engraver (d. 1808)",
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1777)",
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1,
11
],
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],
[
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101
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, Crown Princess of Prussia (d. 1797)",
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21759,
1295850,
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],
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1,
11
],
[
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[
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101
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 9 Edward Bligh, 2nd Earl of Darnley, British noble (d. 1747)",
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35840
],
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1,
11
],
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13,
46
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 12 Kajetan Sołtyk, Polish Catholic priest (d. 1788)",
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34627
],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
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61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Dorothea Erxleben, first German female physician (d. 1762)",
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34977
],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
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71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Girolamo Abos, Maltese-Italian composer (d. 1760)",
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35824
],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
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62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Sir Danvers Osborn, 3rd Baronet, British politician and colonial governor (d. 1753)",
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21798,
3522230,
35827
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
92,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 19 Bertrand Philip, Count of Gronsveld, Dutch diplomat (d. 1772)",
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35818
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1,
12
],
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14,
49
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (d. 1799)",
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21575,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
39
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 Anna Nitschmann, German poet (d. 1760)",
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21522,
6027594,
35824
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Jean-Charles Gervaise de Latouche, French writer (d. 1782)",
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21581,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
47
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, German physician (d. 1794)",
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21448,
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34946
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30",
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21577
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Philipp Bethmann, German merchant and banker (d. 1793)",
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19347817,
35416
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[
1,
24
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johan Jacob Bruun, Danish artist (d. 1789)",
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28018935,
34697
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[
1,
18
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 Abraham Drake, New Hampshire politician (d. 1781)",
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8354,
3859036,
35490
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1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Joseph Marie Terray, Controller-General of Finances during the reign of Louis XV of France (d. 1778)",
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8589,
2048477,
35814
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1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
108,
112
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Johann Valentin Tischbein, German painter (d. 1768)",
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35820
],
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
39
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Gennaro Manna, Italian composer (d. 1779)",
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8633,
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35738
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1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Johan Heinrich Becker, German physician and chemist who settled in Norway (d. 1761)",
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8334,
48084773,
35823
],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
92,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 21",
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8850
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tommaso Gherardini, Italian painter (d. 1797)",
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41539227,
34747
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[
1,
19
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben, German noble (d. 1773)",
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9031222,
35817
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[
1,
27
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " François-Vincent Toussaint, French writer most famous for Les Mœurs (The Manners) (d. 1772)",
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933386,
35818
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[
1,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Philippe de Noailles, Marshal of France (d. 1794)",
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1186313,
34946
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1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
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62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 Thomas Watson, 3rd Earl of Rockingham, British politician (d. 1746)",
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35841
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
51
],
[
76,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier, French Catholic theologian (d. 1790)",
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34916
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1,
12
],
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14,
39
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 ",
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15987
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " François Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambrai (b. 1651)",
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[
1,
17
],
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33,
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],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort, British botanist (b. 1630)",
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18124341,
35078
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[
1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Bernard Lamy, French Oratorian mathematician and theologian (b. 1640)",
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15814,
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1,
11
],
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13,
25
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Caspar Neumann, German professor and clergyman (b. 1648)",
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34685
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1,
11
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13,
27
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[
64,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 3 Gottfried Vopelius, German academic (b. 1645)",
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38607
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1,
11
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13,
31
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Martín de Ursúa, Spanish conquistador (b. 1653)",
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11359,
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38610
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1,
11
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13,
28
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Antoine Galland, French archaeologist (b. 1646)",
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11164,
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35060
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1,
12
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14,
29
],
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56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Domenico Egidio Rossi, Italian architect (b. 1659)",
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11006,
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38617
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1,
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14,
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1637)",
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884054,
13504538,
35193
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
50
],
[
52,
81
],
[
86,
90
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Pu Songling, Qing Dynasty Chinese writer (b. 1640)",
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10930,
558048,
34893
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Cardinal de Bouillon, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1643)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19516,
13975884,
35220
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Gilbert Burnet, Scottish Bishop of Salisbury (b. 1643)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20223,
215626,
35220
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
25
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 William Fraser, 12th Lord Saltoun, (b.1654)",
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20273,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig, German prince (b. 1655)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20585,
13638349,
36177
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
48
],
[
68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Perizonius, Dutch linguist (b. 1651)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1008,
189934,
36373
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
20
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 16 Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1679)",
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1334,
884122,
13504538,
38655
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
48
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[
50,
79
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Marie Mancini, Italian courtier, third of the five Mancini sisters (b. 1639)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19353,
9304487,
35195
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
21
],
[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 19 Charles Montagu, English Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1661)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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140546,
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Pierre Magnol, French botanist (b. 1638)",
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19684,
1830969,
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],
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
22
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[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Roeloff Swartwout, American city founder in New York (b. 1634)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19654,
41310399,
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Nicolas Lemery, French chemist (b. 1645)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15817,
2734527,
38607
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (b. 1646)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15799,
8675042,
35060
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor (b. 1659)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15861,
6208,
38617
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Jakub Kresa, Czech mathematician (b. 1648)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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16040,
31057574,
34685
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 30 Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652)",
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15911,
301491,
34918
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
20
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German countess (b. 1660)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1499,
32085981,
38618
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
59
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1",
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27530
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)",
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"target_page_ids": [
261063,
35142
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[
1,
18
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)",
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18553,
35146
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[
6,
25
],
[
30,
34
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Wilhelm Homberg, Dutch alchemist (b. 1652)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28202,
13554827,
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
30
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)",
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22554,
174019,
35146
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1636)",
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2345,
34935
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1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
29,
53
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (b. 1675)",
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22555,
573474,
38657
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. 1655)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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36177
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
48
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Juliane Louise of East Frisia, Princess of East Frisia (b. 1657)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22436,
34207959,
34962
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
42
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Elisha Cooke, Sr., Massachusetts colonial politician and judge (b. 1637)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22437,
25104413,
35193
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November Mirwais Hotak, Pashtun emir, and founder of the Hotaki Dynasty (b. 1673)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21445,
7673492,
2691738,
38659
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
59,
73
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden (b. 1636)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21522,
2002327,
34935
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
49
],
[
97,
101
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Benedetto Gennari II, Italian painter (b. 1633)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8589,
32976505,
35162
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 George Hickes, English minister and scholar (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8145,
585813,
34587
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28",
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"target_page_ids": [
8198
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Carstares, Scottish clergyman (b. 1649)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
598907,
36176
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joanna Koerten, Dutch painter (b. 1650)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
31475427,
34974
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Elizabeth Boutell, British stage actor (b. 1650)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1613436,
34974
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
15,
32
],
[
58,
62
]
]
}
] | [
"1715"
] | 6,884 | 984 | 188 | 447 | 0 | 0 | 1715 | year | [] |
38,629 | 1,096,718,289 | 1717 | [
{
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1,
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134
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, English statesman (d. 1793)",
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35416
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1,
10
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12,
55
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83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 18 Jean-François-Marie de Surville, French trader and navigator (d. 1770)",
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1,
11
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13,
44
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78,
82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Spanish military officer (d. 1779)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
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],
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Benjamin Beddome, English Baptist minister and hymnist (d. 1795)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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1,
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],
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13,
29
],
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76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1773)",
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208626,
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35817
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
24
],
[
26,
40
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, British soldier and conqueror of Quebec (d. 1797)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15814,
59465,
34747
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
47
],
[
93,
97
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11322,
316183,
34916
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
45
],
[
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78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 3 Nicholas Cooke, first Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1782)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11323,
5101436,
34698
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " c. February 11 William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymn-writer, a key leader of the 18th century Methodist revival (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11184,
145307,
34590
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[
4,
15
],
[
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44
],
[
120,
124
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Adam Friedrich Oeser, German etcher (d. 1799)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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11164,
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35496
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 David Garrick, English actor (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11006,
164237,
35738
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Johann David Michaelis, German biblical scholar and teacher (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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177618,
34590
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
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82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Luis de Unzaga, American-Spanish governor (d. 1793)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1008,
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35416
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April Pieter Barbiers, Dutch artist (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1004,
7440982,
35803
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[
1,
6
],
[
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23
],
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42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 9 Georg Matthias Monn, Austrian composer (d. 1750)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
8
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[
10,
29
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Isaac de Pinto, Dutch Jew of Portuguese origin, investor and scholar (d. 1787)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2564,
1980050,
34634
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Charles Guillaume Le Normant d'Étiolles, French official, husband of Madame de Pompadour (d. 1799)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19353,
4203016,
35496
],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
47
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[
101,
105
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 13 Maria Theresa of Austria, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, consort of the Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19675,
48449,
35803
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
33
],
[
130,
134
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Emanuel Mendes da Costa, English botanist (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15820,
1933708,
34590
],
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
32
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 8 John Collins, Continental Congressman, third Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1795)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15864,
990297,
35799
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
83,
87
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Johann Stamitz, Czech-born composer (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15817,
321494,
34900
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 Jacques Saly, French sculptor (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15818,
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],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 27 Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (d. 1799)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15801,
2192687,
35496
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1,
8
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[
10,
35
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[
57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Matthew Stewart, Scottish mathematician (d. 1785)",
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35801
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[
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8
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[
10,
25
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Peter III of Portugal, consort of Queen Maria I of Portugal (d. 1786)",
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254379,
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1,
7
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[
9,
30
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49,
68
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73,
77
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{
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{
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1,
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86
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},
{
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1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis Carrogis Carmontelle, French dramatist (d. 1806)",
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[
1,
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Metcalf, \"Blind Jack of Knaresborough\", English roadbuilder (d. 1810)",
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[
1,
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],
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74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Job Orton, English dissenting minister (d. 1783)",
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1,
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14,
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61
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},
{
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27949
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Agui, Chinese nobleman, general for the Ch'ing dynasty (d. 1797)",
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1,
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64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian Jesuit missionary (d. 1791)",
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2987797,
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1,
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},
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1,
13
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15,
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},
{
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1,
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],
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29
],
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105
]
]
},
{
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27533,
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1,
13
],
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15,
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106
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " October James Paine, English architect (d. 1789)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
21
],
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49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, French mistress of King Louis XV of France (d. 1744)",
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35843
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1,
10
],
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61
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105
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[
110,
114
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 John Armstrong, American civil engineer, major general in the Revolutionary War (d. 1795)",
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1,
11
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27
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101
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Jonathan Hornblower, English pioneer of steam power (d. 1780)",
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1,
11
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13,
32
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73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Prince George William of Great Britain, member of the British Royal Family (d. 1718)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
52
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97
]
]
},
{
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
37
],
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86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich, English peeress (d. 1794)",
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21798,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
56
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[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Antoine Guenée, French priest and Christian apologist (d. 1803)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Alexander Sumarokov, Russian poet and playwright (d. 1777)",
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35815
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
33
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[
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German classical scholar and archaeologist (d. 1768)",
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8589,
200511,
35820
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1,
11
],
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13,
39
],
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92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Elizabeth Carter, English writer (d. 1806)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
30
],
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, British army officer (d. 1790)",
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12
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89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Pope Pius VI, born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Italian pontiff (d. 1799)",
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45400,
35496
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1,
12
],
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14,
26
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi, leading German Kameralist in the 18th century (d. 1771)",
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8198,
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],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
43
],
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99
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (d. 1785)",
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148300,
35801
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
49
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Giambattista Almici, Italian jurist (d. 1793)",
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7081221,
35416
],
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[
1,
20
],
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41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claude Humbert Piarron de Chamousset, French philanthropist (d. 1773)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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35817
],
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[
1,
37
],
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69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gottlieb Sigmund Gruner, Swiss cartographer and geologist (d. 1778)",
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1358648,
35814
],
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[
1,
24
],
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63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elimelech of Lizhensk, Polish Orthodox Jewish rabbi, one of the great founding rebbes of Hasidic Judaism (d. 1787)",
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166683,
14436,
34634
],
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[
1,
22
],
[
80,
85
],
[
90,
105
],
[
110,
114
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Middleton, South Carolina plantation owner, second President of the Continental Congress (d. 1784)",
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14298,
35802
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Lewis Nicola, Irish-born officer in the American army during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1807)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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771,
34745
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[
0,
12
],
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65,
91
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anne Steele (\"Theodosia\"), English Baptist hymn-writer (d. 1778)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1919497,
35814
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
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60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Molla Panah Vagif, Azerbaijani poet (d. 1797)",
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"target_page_ids": [
3656561,
34747
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 6 Lambert Bos, Dutch scholar and critic (b. 1670)",
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15986,
1535747,
35082
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
23
],
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54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Empress Xiaohuizhang, second consort of the Qing dynasty Shunzhi Emperor of China (b. 1641)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15987,
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35202
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
32
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 13 Maria Sibylla Merian, German-born Swiss naturalist and scientific illustrator, who studied plants and insects and made detailed paintings of them (b. 1647)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16191,
3101059,
38608
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
163,
167
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 John Hartstonge, Irish bishop (b. 1654)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15813,
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36224
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Giovanni Maria Morandi, Italian painter (b. 1622)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11363,
11381186,
34973
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 Jan Dobrogost Krasiński, Polish nobleman (szlachcic) (b. 1639)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11010,
1338471,
29050,
35195
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
56,
65
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 23 Magnus Stenbock, Swedish military officer (b. 1664)",
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"target_page_ids": [
11008,
761890,
38622
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 3 Pierre Allix, French Protestant clergyman (b. 1641)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19633,
23816,
35202
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 François de Callières, French diplomat, member of the Académie française (b. 1645)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20314,
6925439,
38607
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
31
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Abraham Darby I, English ironmaster, first of that name of three generations of a Quaker family that was key to the development of the Industrial Revolution (b. 1678)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20053,
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38654
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
171,
175
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, Scottish royalist (b. 1636)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20316,
1618311,
34935
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
61
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Jacques Ozanam, French mathematician (b. 1640)",
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"target_page_ids": [
2279,
1120947,
34893
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Jean Jouvenet, French painter (b. 1647)",
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"target_page_ids": [
2194,
838347,
38608
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 11 Abraham ben Saul Broda, Bohemian Talmudist (b. c. 1640)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2395,
6737366
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
33
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 26",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1261
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Samuel Bellamy (Black Sam), English-born pirate (b. 1689)",
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"target_page_ids": [
345378,
36185
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
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53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (b. 1637)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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35193
],
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[
1,
55
],
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60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John King, pirate (b. c. 1706/9)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
5450415
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 John Hathorne, American magistrate (b. 1641)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19629,
430363,
35202
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
22
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Bon Boullogne, French painter (b. 1649)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19631,
4959173,
36176
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
22
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 John Trevor, Welsh lawyer and politician, Speaker of the House of Commons of England (b. 1637)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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19677,
935775,
35193
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
20
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 3 Fernando de Alencastre, 1st Duke of Linares, Spanish nobleman and military officer (b. c. 1641)",
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15854,
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35202
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
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52
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 Jeanne Guyon, French mystic (b. 1648)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15865,
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34685
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 Louis de Carrières, French priest and Bible commentator (b. 1662)",
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15796,
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34688
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
28
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Fabrizio Spada, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1643)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15936,
26932021,
35220
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1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 John Verney, 1st Viscount Fermanagh, British politician (b. 1640)",
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15831,
9315618,
34893
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
45
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[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 1 Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1647)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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38608
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
40
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[
88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 17 Juan María de Salvatierra, Milanese Jesuit missionary to the Americas (b. 1648)",
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16089,
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34685
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1,
8
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10,
35
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84,
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},
{
"plaintext": " August William Cochrane, Scottish MP in the Parliament of Great Britain",
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1,
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12,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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12,
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},
{
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1,
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October Philippe Pastour de Costebelle, French naval officer and Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1661)",
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1,
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10,
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[
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100
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]
},
{
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1,
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1657)",
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1,
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13,
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75,
94
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[
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103
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Hester Davenport, English stage actress (b. 1642)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 21 Jean-Baptiste Santerre, French painter (b. 1650)",
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1,
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14,
36
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Daniel Purcell, English composer (b. 1664)",
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1,
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14,
28
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51,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 William Hamilton, surgeon in the British East India Company",
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8354,
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1,
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13,
29
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow, English politician (b. 1654)",
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1,
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13,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 Nicholas Noyes, Massachusetts colonial minister, during the time of the Salem witch trials (b. 1647)",
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1,
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14,
28
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers, English peer and courtier (b. 1650)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Diaper, English poet of the Augustan era (b. 1685)",
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1,
15
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58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock, Scottish nobleman",
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1,
37
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Niccolao Manucci, Italian writer and traveller in India (b. 1639)",
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[
1,
17
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Osei Kofi Tutu I, founder of the Ashanti Confederacy (b. c. 1660; killed in action)",
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841034,
38618
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1,
17
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},
{
"plaintext": " Wang Hui, Chinese landscape painter (b. 1632)",
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1,
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45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jane Wiseman, English actress, poet and playwright (b. c. 1682)",
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1,
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}
] | [
"1717"
] | 6,895 | 1,402 | 128 | 306 | 0 | 0 | 1717 | year | [] |
38,630 | 1,106,656,422 | 1718 | [
{
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1,
10
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12,
25
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70
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1794)",
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1,
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13,
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Matthew Tilghman, American delegate to the Continental Congress (d. 1790)",
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30
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain, queen regent of Portugal (d. 1781)",
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1,
9
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11,
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79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Benjamin Kennicott, English churchman and Hebrew scholar (d. 1783)",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
28
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 7 Hugh Blair, Scottish preacher and man of letters (d. 1800)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
20
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[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 David Brainerd, American missionary (d. 1747)",
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Nathaniel Hone, Irish-born painter (d. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 26 Esek Hopkins, American Revolutionary War admiral (d. 1802)",
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
23
],
[
64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 Thomas Lewis, Irish-born Virginia settler (d. 1790)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
23
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16 Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (d. 1799)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
29
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English diplomat and politician (d. 1778)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
7
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[
9,
45
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 23 William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (d. 1783)",
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1,
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23
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52
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician (d. 1793)",
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1,
7
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9,
46
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71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Jacob Christian Schäffer, German inventor, botanist and professor (d. 1790)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
33
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79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Thomas Chippendale, English furniture maker (d. 1779)",
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1,
7
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9,
27
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 George Howard, British field marshal (d. 1796)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
23
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, Viceroy of Ireland (d. 1794)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
57
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[
82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 18 Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (d. 1808)",
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
28
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 John Canton, English physicist (d. 1772)",
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35818
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
21
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-born British colonial governor (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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34590
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
31
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[
74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (d. 1783)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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35523
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1,
13
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[
15,
37
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[
61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)",
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169114,
35073
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1,
11
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13,
48
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 Louisa Catharina Harkort, German ironmaster (d. 1795)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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35799
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
36
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian Jesuit missionary and geographer (d. 1793)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22341,
483636,
35416
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1,
11
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[
13,
34
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[
82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (d. 1792)",
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34914
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1,
11
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[
13,
47
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, Swedish writer (d. 1763)",
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35822
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1,
12
],
[
14,
43
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[
65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " István Hatvani, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1786)",
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6021171,
35800
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[
1,
15
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[
45,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " Salomée Halpir, Lithuanian oculist (year of death unknown)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
15
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 6 ",
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15986
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, Italian writer and jurist (b. 1664)",
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38622
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1,
26
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58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Hoare, English goldsmith and banker (b. 1648)",
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1,
14
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Empress Xiaohuizhang, Qing Dynasty empress and consort of the Shunzhi Emperor of China (b. 1641)",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
32
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[
103,
107
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 Captain Benjamin Church, Plymouth Colony settler and military officer (b. c. 1639)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15920,
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35195
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1,
11
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13,
36
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90,
94
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician (b. 1660)",
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38618
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
51
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[
76,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex, British countess (b. 1636)",
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34935
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
48
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17",
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11164
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England (b. 1664)",
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46688,
38622
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[
1,
37
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[
69,
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[
95,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Prince George William of Great Britain, member of the British Royal Family (b. 1717)",
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1,
39
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Pierre Antoine Motteux, French-born English dramatist (b. 1663)",
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1,
12
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14,
36
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 9 Marko Gerbec, Carniolan physician, scientist (b. 1658)",
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22
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1637)",
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1,
9
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11,
36
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71,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Jacques Ozanam, French mathematician (b. 1640)",
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},
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"plaintext": " December 10 Stede Bonnet, Barbadian \"gentleman pirate\" (b. 1688)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown Marie Grubbe, Danish countess (b. 1643)",
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] | [
"1718"
] | 6,899 | 914 | 151 | 217 | 0 | 0 | 1718 | year | [] |
38,631 | 1,096,694,745 | 1719 | [
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},
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},
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},
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15,
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Bradford, American revolutionary and printer (d. 1791)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 Tikhon Streshnev, Russian boyar (b. 1649)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 16 Petar Kanavelić, Venetian writer (b. 1637)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Ferdinando d'Adda, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1649)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 Richard Ingoldesby, British soldier and colonial governor",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 Isaac Addington, functionary of the colonial government of Massachusetts (b. 1645)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 7 Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, French educational reformer (b. 1651)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV of France (b. 1635)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1640)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Farrukhsiyar, Mughal Emperor (b. 1683)",
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48
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},
{
"plaintext": " May Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer, French journalist (b. 1663)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Laurentius Christophori Hornæus, Swedish witch hunter (b. 1645)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 23 Lucia Wijbrants, Dutch artist (b. 1638)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 ",
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"plaintext": " Joseph de Jouvancy, French historian (b. 1643)",
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"plaintext": " Sir Alexander Seton, 1st Baronet, Scottish judge",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Edmund Dunch (Whig), English politician (b. 1657)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Louis Ellies Dupin, French ecclesiastical historian (b. 1657)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Joseph Addison, English politician and writer (b. 1672)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 Christopher Wandesford, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer and Member of Parliament (b. 1684)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 5",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, Irish general (b. 1641)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Samuel Schotten, German rabbi (b. 1644)",
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{
"plaintext": " July 17 Elinor James, British pamphleteer (b. 1644)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole, Italian painter and engraver (b. 1654)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (b. 1648)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 5 Date Tsunamura, Japanese daimyō at the center of the Date Sōdō (b. 1659)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (b. 1667)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Leonard Goffiné, German Catholic priest and writer (b. 1648)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 John Harris, English writer (b. c.1666)",
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{
"plaintext": " September 8 Carlo Cignani, Italian painter of the Bolognese and the Forlivese school (b. 1628)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Johann Heinrich Acker, German writer (b. 1647)",
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{
"plaintext": " September 27 George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (b. 1662)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Jean Orry, French economist (b. 1652)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Arnold Houbraken, Dutch painter (b. 1660)",
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 François Baert, Belgian hagiographer (b. 1651)",
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27
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)",
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25
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 John Hudson, English classical scholar (b. 1662)",
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},
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"plaintext": " November 30 Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1659)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (b. 1634)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Adriaen Frans Boudewijns, Landscape painter (b. 1644)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Jacob Bobart the Younger, English botanist (b. 1641)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Infante Philip of Spain, Spanish infante (b. 1712)",
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"plaintext": " December 31 John Flamsteed, English astronomer (b. 1646)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Robert Clicquot, French organ builder (b. 1645)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Benjamin Hornigold, English pirate (b. 1680)",
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"plaintext": " André Raison, French composer and organist (b. 1650)",
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"plaintext": " Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (b. 1659)",
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] | [
"1719"
] | 6,902 | 4,597 | 132 | 242 | 0 | 0 | 1719 | year | [] |
38,632 | 1,087,523,964 | 1713 | [
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"plaintext": " November 6 The Dublin election riot breaks out during the fiercely contested Irish General Election. ",
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"plaintext": " November 12 The 1713 British general election concludes with the conservative Tories winning 358 of the 558 available seats in the House of Commons, and the liberal Whigs having 200.",
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"plaintext": " December 10 The rebellion of against the British East India Company by Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu near Cuddalore), comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor Edward Harrison negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.",
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"plaintext": " Ars Conjectandi, a seminal work on probability by Jacob Bernoulli, is published eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli.",
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"plaintext": " Basil Matthew II becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.",
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"plaintext": " January 17 Jean Chrétien Fischer, French general (d. 1762)",
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"plaintext": " January 22 Marc-Antoine Laugier, French Jesuit priest and architectural theorist (d. 1769)",
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"plaintext": " Anthony Benezet, French-born American abolitionist and educator active in Philadelphia (d. 1784)",
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"plaintext": " Adam Drummond, Scottish merchant banker and politician (d. 1786)",
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"plaintext": " February 2 Maria Margarida de Lorena, 2nd Duchess of Abrantes, Portuguese noblewoman and courtier (d. 1780)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " February 13 Domènec Terradellas, Spanish opera composer (d. 1751)",
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},
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"plaintext": " February 20 Anna Maria Elvia, Swedish feminist writer (d. 1784)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 5",
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20314
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1,
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]
]
},
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"plaintext": " Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1776)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Frederick Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1783)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 8 Gian Carlo Passeroni, Italian writer (d. 1803)",
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1,
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10,
30
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},
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"plaintext": " March 12 Johann Adolph Hass, German clavichord maker (d. 1771)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " March 17 Sir Charles Asgill, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1788)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " March 21 Francis Lewis, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1802)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Bowen Southwell, Irish politician (d. 1796)",
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11,
26
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 26 Peter Oliver, Massachusetts loyalist colonial judge (d. 1791)",
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20427,
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34590
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1,
9
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11,
23
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Juan Nentvig, German anthropologist (d. 1768)",
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35820
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1,
9
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11,
23
],
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 John Ponsonby, Irish politician (d. 1787)",
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1,
9
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11,
24
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51
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},
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"plaintext": " April 7 Nicola Sala, Italian opera composer (d. 1801)",
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1,
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10,
21
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 John Whitehurst, English clockmaker (d. 1788)",
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1,
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11,
26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 11 Luise Gottsched, German poet, playwright, essayist and translator (d. 1762)",
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"plaintext": " April 12 Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer, man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment (d. 1796)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " April 13 Pierre Jélyotte, French operatic tenor (d. 1797)",
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},
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"plaintext": " April 17 Samuel Graves, British Royal Navy admiral, known for his role early in the American War of Independence (d. 1787)",
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},
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"plaintext": " April 21",
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2483
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1,
9
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},
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"plaintext": " Anna Maria Hilfeling, Swedish artist (d. 1783)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Louis de Noailles, French peer and Marshal of France (d. 1793)",
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"plaintext": " April 22 Peter Du Cane, Sr., British businessman (d. 1803)",
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},
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"plaintext": " May 6 Charles Batteux, French philosopher, writer on aesthetics (d. 1780)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " May 7 Charles Townley, British Officer of Arms (d. 1774)",
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"plaintext": " May 11 James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth, British noble (d. 1746)",
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1,
7
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"plaintext": " May 13",
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19675
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1,
7
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},
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"plaintext": " Alexis Clairaut, prominent French mathematician (d. 1765)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " Louis François de Monteynard, French soldier, statesman (d. 1791)",
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"plaintext": " May 15",
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19674
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1,
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1,
7
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},
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"plaintext": " Andrzej Mokronowski, Polish general (d. 1784)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " June 10 Princess Caroline of Great Britain, fourth child and third daughter of George II (d. 1757)",
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15796
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1,
7
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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],
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]
},
{
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},
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},
{
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
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[
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]
]
},
{
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},
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],
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},
{
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],
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],
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]
]
},
{
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],
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]
},
{
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],
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},
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1,
12
],
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],
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 10",
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28020
],
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
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[
1,
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],
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41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Needham, British biologist and priest (d. 1781)",
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1,
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],
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]
]
},
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1,
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],
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],
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]
},
{
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],
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],
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]
},
{
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],
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],
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},
{
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],
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60
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]
},
{
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1,
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],
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29
],
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69
]
]
},
{
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1,
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],
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54
]
]
},
{
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1,
10
],
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29
],
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118
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Yechezkel Landau, influential Polish authority on halakha (Jewish law) (d. 1793)",
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1,
10
],
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12,
28
],
[
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (d. 1775)",
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22530,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
44
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13",
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22554
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Allan Ramsay, Scottish portrait painter (d. 1784)",
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225208,
35802
],
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[
1,
13
],
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45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacques de Romas, French physicist (d. 1776)",
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49297790,
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[
1,
17
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20",
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22442
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Benjamin Andrew, American politician (d. 1790)",
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646340,
34916
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury, English noble (d. 1780)",
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35803
],
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[
1,
35
],
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59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joseph Redlhamer, Austrian physicist (d. 1761)",
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[
1,
17
],
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42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 23 Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch academic (d. 1788)",
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],
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1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Marie Fel, French opera singer (d. 1794)",
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
22
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Giuseppe Antonio Landi, Italian painter (d. 1791)",
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22436,
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],
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1,
11
],
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13,
35
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Antonio Genovesi, Italian economist (d. 1769)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
29
],
[
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57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Gorges Lowther, Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1792)",
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34914
],
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1,
11
],
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13,
27
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds, British politician (d. 1789)",
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1,
11
],
[
13,
46
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24",
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21522
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Junípero Serra, Spanish Christian missionary (d. 1784)",
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62237,
35802
],
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[
1,
15
],
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50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Laurence Sterne, Anglo-Irish novelist, Anglican clergyman (d. 1768)",
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17988,
35820
],
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1,
16
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Johann Balthasar Bullinger, Swiss landscape painter (d. 1793)",
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21577,
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35416
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1,
12
],
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14,
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],
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70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 Gasparo Gozzi, Venetian critic and dramatist (d. 1786)",
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
26
],
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66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 Johann Nicolaus Mempel, German composer, musician (d. 1747)",
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1,
12
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14,
36
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 John Baptist Caryll, third Jacobite Baron Caryll of Durford (d. 1788)",
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1,
12
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14,
33
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 Martin Knutzen, German philosopher (d. 1751)",
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14,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip, British politician (d. 1802)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Maruyama Gondazaemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1749)",
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1,
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14,
34
],
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67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Giovanni Battista Borra, Italian architect and engineer (d. 1770)",
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1,
12
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14,
37
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (d. 1762)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
39
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67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Sicilian saint (b. 1649)",
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1,
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],
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12,
33
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 Jean Chardin, French jeweller, traveller (b. 1643)",
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1,
10
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12,
24
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 8 Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer (b. 1653)",
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1,
10
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12,
29
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56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (b. 1637)",
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35193
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1,
11
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13,
26
],
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery, Governor of Jamaica, President of the British Royal Society (b. 1639)",
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1,
11
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13,
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112,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Pavao Ritter Vitezović, Croatian historian (b. 1652)",
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1,
11
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13,
35
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philosopher (b. 1671)",
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1,
11
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13,
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100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 14 Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1663)",
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1,
12
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14,
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 King Frederick I of Prussia (b. 1657)",
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10930,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 William Paget, 6th Baron Paget, English peer and ambassador (b. 1637)",
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35193
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1,
12
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14,
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78,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Wolfgang William Romer, Dutch military engineer (b. 1640)",
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1,
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Juraj Jánošík, the Slovak Robin Hood (executed)",
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20273,
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1,
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11,
24
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Toussaint de Forbin-Janson, French Catholic cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais (b. 1631)",
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20209,
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1,
9
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11,
37
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[
91,
95
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 26",
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1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (b. 1635)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Charles de Sévigné, French baron (b. 1648)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 30 Govert Bidloo, Dutch physician, anatomist, poet and playwright (b. 1649)",
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},
{
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1,
8
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10,
33
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[
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56
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 Thomas Sprat, English minister (b. 1635)",
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1,
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21
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48
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Henry Compton, Bishop of Oxford, privy councillor (b. 1632)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 26 (bur.) Denis Papin, French inventor (b. 1647)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Johann Michael Feuchtmayer the Elder, German artist (b. 1666)",
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22555,
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36223
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1,
11
],
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13,
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],
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73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Tripo Kokolja, Venetian painter (b. 1661)",
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22545,
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34588
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Archibald Pitcairne, Scottish physician (b. 1652)",
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11
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32
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Paolo Lorenzani, Italian composer (b. 1640)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (b. 1663)",
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3558518,
38620
],
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1,
11
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13,
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Franz Karl of Auersperg, Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg (1705-1713) (b. 1660)",
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1,
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95,
99
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Elizabeth Barry, English actress (b. 1658)",
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1,
11
],
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28
],
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Abraham van Riebeeck, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1653)",
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21798,
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38610
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
34
],
[
82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 Thomas Rymer, English historian (b. 1641)",
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8851,
625479,
35202
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1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Carlo Maratta, Italian painter (b. 1625)",
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8145,
3204069,
35140
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Frederick Heinrich of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (b. 1668)",
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1,
12
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14,
61
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66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Edward Proger, Member of Parliament for Brecknockshire (b. 1621)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Basil Lazarus III, Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East",
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1,
18
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[
20,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Ellwood, English religious writer (b. 1639)",
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],
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " San Basilio de Palenque officially became the first free town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.",
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]
}
] | [
"1713"
] | 6,873 | 449 | 176 | 425 | 0 | 0 | 1713 | year | [] |
38,633 | 1,107,143,318 | 1712 | [
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Sir Richard Acton, 5th Baronet, English baronet (d. 1791)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 2 Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (d. 1775)",
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15788,
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 5",
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ludwig van Beethoven, Flemish-born German professional singer and music director, grandfather of the well known composer of the same name (d. 1773)",
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48888223,
35817
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[
1,
21
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147
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hongzhou, Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty (d. 1770)",
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1965703,
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1,
9
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 John Stanley, English composer and organist (d. 1786)",
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1,
11
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25
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65
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 24",
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15954
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1,
11
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " Frederick the Great, King of Prussia (1740–1786) (d. 1786)",
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1,
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Moore, 1st Earl of Charleville, Irish peer (d. 1764)",
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34720
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1,
39
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56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " Georg Friedrich Schmidt, German engraver and designer (d. 1775)",
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28068643,
35816
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1,
24
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59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 James Habersham, merchant and statesman in the British North American colony of Georgia (d. 1775)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15791,
32078395,
35816
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Tokugawa Ieshige, ninth shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15792,
469902,
35823
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
83,
87
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Ralph Bigland, English officer of arms (d. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15814,
8462518,
35802
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Lydia Taft, American suffragist (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11322,
13056061,
35814
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
23
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Felton Hervey, aristocratic English politician (d. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11158,
42947983,
35817
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Arthur Devis, English painter (d. 1787)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11006,
15759028,
34634
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 20 Sir Cordell Firebrace, 3rd Baronet, English landowner and politician (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11025,
60765540,
35826
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Péter Bod, Hungarian theologian and historian (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11009,
57451031,
35820
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
23
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11141
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad, son of Turkic noble Nizam-ul-Mulk (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
4074130,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
21
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nasir Jung, Head of Hyderabad State (d. 1750)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
4074130,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French general (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11311,
190387,
35826
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
38
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[
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Joachim Friedrich Henckel, Prussian surgeon at Charité hospital in Berlin (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20315,
29054058,
35738
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
35
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 John Fothergill, British botanist (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20053,
1826550,
35803
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 12",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20197
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet, Scottish politician and MP for Haddington Burghs on two occasions (d. 1790)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21375336,
34916
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
31
],
[
103,
107
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ioan II Mavrocordat, prince of Moldva (d. 1747)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
62181241,
35840
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
20
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Charles-Antoine Jombert, French bookseller and publisher (d. 1784)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20199,
42656437,
35802
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Lambert Krahe, German history painter and art collector (d. 1790)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19635,
42018627,
34916
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20316
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joseph Frye, American general (d. 1794)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1287268,
34946
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Gervais, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
62200379,
34916
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 22 Edward Moore, English dramatist (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20211,
376580,
34900
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 27",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20585
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claude Bourgelat, French veterinary surgeon (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2715127,
35738
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jane Mecom, American correspondent, youngest sister of Benjamin Franklin and one of his closest confidants (d. 1794)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11506167,
34946
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
112,
116
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Empress Xiaoxianchun, empress consort of Qing dynasty China (d. 1748)",
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19347,
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1,
9
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[
11,
31
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[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Anders Johan von Höpken, Swedish politician (d. 1789)",
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20587,
1647896,
34697
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
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[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Pierre Pouchot, French military engineer officer (d. 1769)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2224,
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35819
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
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76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 13 Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, German-Danish statesman (d. 1772)",
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]
},
{
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},
{
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55
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]
},
{
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1,
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],
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]
},
{
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],
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]
},
{
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},
{
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1,
7
],
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21
],
[
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101
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]
},
{
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1,
7
],
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32
],
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58
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]
},
{
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35818
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
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15797
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
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53383012,
35828
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
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658701,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
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15936,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
23
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
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15819,
279682,
34916
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
49
],
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70,
74
]
]
},
{
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
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],
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1,
8
],
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10,
31
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 26 Johann Andreas Silbermann, German organ-builder (d. 1783)",
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15800,
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35523
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
35
],
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62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Genevan philosopher (d. 1778)",
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15802,
15941,
35814
],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
31
],
[
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61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 George Hadow, British historian (d. 1780)",
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1,
7
],
[
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21
],
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45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 9 Charles-Étienne Pesselier, French playwright and librettist (d. 1763)",
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
34
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12",
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15971
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, British Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (d. 1779)",
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389787,
35738
],
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[
1,
33
],
[
101,
105
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, English politician (d. 1788)",
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16626641,
34627
],
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[
1,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 18 Karl Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, German noble (d. 1743)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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16090,
6235061,
34596
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1,
8
],
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10,
48
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Carl Fredrik Mennander, Swedish bishop (d. 1786)",
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16091,
1801713,
35800
],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 21 Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl, Habsburg politician (d. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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16179,
42409516,
35076
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
41
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 24 Richard Handcock, Irish priest (d. 1791)",
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15888,
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34590
],
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
26
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Vincenzo Miotti, Italian physicist and astronomer (d. 1787)",
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15804,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26",
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15892
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English peer (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2421648,
34916
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
36
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Pery, 1st Baron Glentworth, Anglican bishop (d. 1794)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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36067447,
34946
],
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[
1,
35
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Johann Samuel König, German mathematician (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
18679439,
16372248,
34900
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Prince George of Kartli, Georgian prince (d. 1786)",
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1154,
15733396,
35800
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 12",
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1491
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jonas Hanway, English traveller and philanthropist (d. 1786)",
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1359336,
35800
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Karl Jakob Weber, Italian archaeologist (d. 1764)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
7514978,
34720
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 15 César Gabriel de Choiseul, French officer (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1442,
6489245,
35801
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
37
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Michel-Barthélémy Ollivier, French painter and engraver (d. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1629,
60531371,
35802
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
38
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 26 Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński, Polish noble (d. 1783)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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6048708,
1331868,
35523
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
38
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose, member of the peerage of Scotland, son of James Graham (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1013,
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34916
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
48
],
[
109,
113
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 George Montgomerie, British Member of Parliament (d. 1766)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1794,
14381933,
35821
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
30
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Jan Verbruggen, Dutch master gun-founder in the Netherlands and later at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich (d. 1781)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27765,
53857543,
35490
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
121,
125
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 11 Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti, Italian naturalist (d. 1783)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27935,
31582307,
35523
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
41
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 Pierre Simon Fournier, French punch-cutter (d. 1768)",
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28145,
2788104,
35820
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
36
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 François-Joseph-Gaston de Partz de Pressy, French cleric (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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27889,
45380272,
34697
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
56
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 James Veitch, Lord Elliock, Scottish politician (d. 1793)",
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28203,
36306580,
35416
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
41
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 ",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28178
],
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alexander Hamilton, Scottish-born doctor and writer in colonial Maryland (d. 1756)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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34871696,
34589
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Dominique de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1800)",
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12052431,
34963
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[
1,
30
],
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61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 William Shippen Sr., American physician, anatomist and public figure (d. 1801)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22340,
2129988,
34704
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)",
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22536,
854569,
35416
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Alison Cockburn, Scottish poet (d. 1794)",
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22543,
2166774,
34946
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22525
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1763–1765) (d. 1770)",
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174926,
35076
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Thomas, English churchman (Dean of Westminster, Bishop of Rochester) (d. 1793)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22315714,
35416
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[
1,
12
],
[
79,
83
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Leslie Corry, Irish politician (d. 1741)",
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22555,
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35844
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
25
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17",
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22366
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Landgravine Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg, countess (d. 1759)",
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28571514,
35826
],
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[
1,
40
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Age Wijnalda, Dutch Mennonite minister (d. 1792)",
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35735195,
34914
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[
1,
13
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[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Jeremias van Riemsdijk, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1777)",
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22545,
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35815
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1,
11
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13,
35
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[
65,
69
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},
{
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22568
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},
{
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90,
94
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},
{
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},
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},
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1,
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},
{
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22345
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1,
11
]
]
},
{
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10619596,
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1,
37
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58,
62
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},
{
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69
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},
{
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1,
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13,
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46,
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},
{
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22436
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
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2151096,
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1,
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80
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]
},
{
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50325425,
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1,
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89,
93
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]
},
{
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22437,
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1,
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[
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87,
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},
{
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21805
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles de Fitz-James, Marshal of France (d. 1787)",
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36758410,
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1,
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46,
50
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]
},
{
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50
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},
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1,
11
],
[
13,
37
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60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Hugolín Gavlovič, Slovak Franciscan priest, author of religious, moral and educational writings (d. 1787)",
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1,
12
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14,
30
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114,
118
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]
},
{
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1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
61,
65
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]
},
{
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21522
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ali II ibn Hussein, fourth leader of the Husainid Dynasty, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1782)",
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1,
19
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[
81,
85
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French priest and educator of the deaf (d. 1789)",
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30865713,
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],
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[
1,
25
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Fernando de Sousa e Silva, fourth Patriarch of Lisbon (d. 1786)",
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21448,
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1,
12
],
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14,
39
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[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 George Boscawen, British Army general and politician (d. 1775)",
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1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3",
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8355
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joseph Relph, English poet (d. 1743)",
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[
1,
13
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32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Sawyer, English professional cricketer (d. 1761)",
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1,
15
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52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Alexander Murray of Elibank, Scottish Jacobite intriguer, fourth son of Alexander Murray (d. 1778)",
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8589,
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1,
11
],
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13,
40
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[
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110
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Francesco Algarotti, Venetian philosopher (d. 1764)",
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34720
],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
33
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12",
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8633
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Lorraine-born Austrian general and soldier (d. 1780)",
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200880,
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],
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[
1,
37
],
[
86,
90
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " François-Antoine Devaux, Lorraine-born poet and man of letters (d. 1796)",
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19174494,
34764
],
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[
1,
24
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Turner, Massachusetts politician and delegate from Pembroke (d. 1794)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Pietro Chiari, Italian playwright (d. 1785)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
27
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[
52,
56
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},
{
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8204
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Peter Boehler, German-English Moravian bishop and missionary (d. 1775)",
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9493046,
35816
],
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[
1,
14
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70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (d. 1775)",
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1,
34
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86,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh, Irish politician (b. 1641)",
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1,
10
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 10 John Houblon, first Governor of the Bank of England (1694-1697) (b. 1632)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
25
],
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81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Martin Lister, English naturalist, physician (b. c. 1638)",
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1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
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65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1685)",
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],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
47,
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],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (b. 1682)",
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11363,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Nicolas Catinat, French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV (b. 1637)",
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11009,
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35193
],
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
29
],
[
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103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1643)",
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11310,
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432324,
35220
],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
30,
44
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Lorenzo Magalotti, Italian philosopher (b. 1637)",
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19516,
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35193
],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Azim-ush-Shan, Mughal prince (b. 1664)",
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],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)",
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19773,
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35202
],
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
24
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter (b. 1637)",
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19347,
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35193
],
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1,
9
],
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11,
29
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Johann Friedrich Mayer, German Lutheran theologian (b. 1650)",
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19849,
36583057,
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1,
9
],
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11,
33
],
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66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 9 Giuseppe Archinto, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1651)",
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1787,
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36373
],
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
27
],
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71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 11 Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (b. 1638)",
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2395,
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35146
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
24
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53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 John Crowne, English playwright (b. 1641)",
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35202
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
22
],
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47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Juan Bautista Cabanilles, Spanish composer (b. 1644)",
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1416,
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34860
],
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
35
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian (b. 1633)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
31
],
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (b. 1636)",
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19514,
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1,
6
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[
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23
],
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42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1655–1712) (b. 1644)",
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19677,
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34860
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1,
7
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9,
58
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75,
79
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Christian Franz Paullini, German physician (b. 1643)",
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35220
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1,
8
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10,
34
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, French military commander (b. 1654)",
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1,
8
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10,
39
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (b. 1639)",
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15812,
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1,
8
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10,
28
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},
{
"plaintext": " July Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, Ottoman (Turkish) grand vizier (b. 1662)",
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7,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 1 William King, English poet (b. 1663)",
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38620
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1,
7
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[
9,
21
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[
40,
44
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, Prussian politician (b. 1643)",
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1,
7
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9,
44
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626)",
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15971,
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1,
8
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10,
26
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81,
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Isaac de Porthau, Gascon black musketeer of the Maison du Roi (b. 1617)",
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1,
8
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10,
26
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76,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1657)",
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1,
8
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10,
45
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75,
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (b. 1631)",
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1,
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43
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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55
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},
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},
{
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},
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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},
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1,
11
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13,
27
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49,
53
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},
{
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22436,
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36176
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
25
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
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[
1,
11
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13,
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70,
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]
},
{
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1,
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14,
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},
{
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21763
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
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317198,
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[
1,
37
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57,
61
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},
{
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[
1,
31
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60
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 19 Wolfgang Carl Briegel, German organist and composer (b. 1626)",
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21574,
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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1,
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14,
44
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86
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]
}
] | [
"1712",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 6,871 | 689 | 193 | 499 | 0 | 0 | 1712 | year | [] |
38,634 | 1,091,985,291 | 1708 | [
{
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},
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1,
11
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25
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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15866
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1,
11
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},
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},
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1,
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1,
11
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13,
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108
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 3 Johann Michael Hartung, German organ builder and public figure from Dürkheim (d. 1763)",
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1,
11
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13,
35
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98
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]
},
{
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1,
11
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[
13,
31
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68,
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]
},
{
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1,
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[
14,
25
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{
"plaintext": " February 15",
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11020
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alexander Hume-Campbell, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 1760)",
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26057560,
35824
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[
1,
24
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont, Scottish politician (d. 1794)",
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34946
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[
1,
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1,
12
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14,
29
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 23 Chauncy Townsend, City of London merchant and a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1770)",
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11008,
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35076
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1,
12
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14,
30
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[
122,
126
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Felix Benda, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1768)",
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10930,
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35820
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1,
12
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[
14,
25
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62,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 29",
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10936
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné, French naval commander (d. 1794)",
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53125746,
34946
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1,
36
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65,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Peter Jefferson, father of US President Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) (d. 1757)",
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1,
16
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78
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 5",
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20314
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (d. 1797)",
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34747
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[
1,
17
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},
{
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53204680,
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1,
35
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122,
126
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 John Campbell, Scottish author (d. 1775)",
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1,
8
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10,
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49
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},
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"plaintext": " March 15 John Hulse, British Anglican priest (d. 1790)",
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34916
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1,
9
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11,
21
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51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1760)",
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20223,
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35824
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1,
9
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[
11,
48
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[
82,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 22 Ernst Henrich Berling, German-Danish book printer and publisher (d. 1750)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
32
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79,
83
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 26 Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere (d. 1774)",
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20427,
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34901
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[
1,
9
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11,
49
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Jean Chastel, farmer and inn-keeper from the province of Gévaudan in France (d. 1790)",
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20587,
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34916
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1,
9
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[
11,
23
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[
91,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 3",
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2279
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
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35523
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis, French lawyer (d. 1791)",
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1,
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56
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"plaintext": " April 5 Augustin-Joseph de Mailly, French general (d. 1794)",
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1,
8
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10,
35
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Johann Georg Reutter, Austrian composer (d. 1772)",
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1008,
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1,
8
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10,
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},
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"plaintext": " April 12 Rose Fuller, West Indies plantation owner and politician (d. 1777)",
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1,
9
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11,
22
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},
{
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35816
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1,
9
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11,
29
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103,
107
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (d. 1754)",
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1,
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11,
33
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51,
55
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{
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11,
24
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37,
41
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 28 Johann Rudolf Engau, German jurist (d. 1755)",
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1,
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11,
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50,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Lionel Tollemache, 4th Earl of Dysart (d. 1770)",
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[
1,
6
],
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45
],
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 Johann Adolf Scheibe, German-Danish composer and significant critic and theorist of music (d. 1776)",
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19352,
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1,
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[
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28
],
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106
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra, Italian Catholic Cardinal of the noble Colonna di Sciarra family (d. 1763)",
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19353,
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1,
6
],
[
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35
],
[
106,
110
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 13",
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19675
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and the Bishop of Münster from 1761 to 1784 (d. 1784)",
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11378368,
35802
],
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[
1,
46
],
[
126,
130
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Spencer, British nobleman and politician (d. 1746)",
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7782646,
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[
1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 25 Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford, English nobleman and peer (d. 1732)",
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[
1,
7
],
[
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49
],
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81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 Henry Bilson-Legge, English statesman and three times as Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1764)",
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19355,
1677485,
34720
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[
1,
7
],
[
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27
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Daniel Gralath, physicist and a mayor of Danzig (d. 1767)",
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[
1,
7
],
[
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23
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Roger Townshend, British soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1760)",
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15820,
10423638,
35824
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Annibale degli Abati Olivieri, Italian archaeologist (d. 1789)",
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15798,
51147804,
34697
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
39
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Johann Gottlieb Janitsch, German Baroque composer (d. 1763)",
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15817,
11192176,
35822
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
34
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 François-Élie Vincent, French painter of portrait miniatures (d. 1790)",
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15818,
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34916
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
31
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Sir Henry Harpur, 5th Baronet, English baronet and politician (d. 1748)",
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15812,
43161302,
35839
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
39
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers, French military officer in the King George's War (d. 1750)",
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15799,
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35809
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
47
],
[
102,
106
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Silvester Gardiner, physician (d. 1786)",
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15842,
3369406,
35800
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Thomas Phillips, English Jesuit priest (d. 1774)",
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15861,
52980188,
34901
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 8",
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15874
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, French playwright and writer (d. 1775)",
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523565,
35816
],
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[
1,
34
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Jakob Zeiller, Austrian painter (d. 1783)",
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24797722,
35523
],
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[
1,
21
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 Johannes Enschedé, Dutch printer (d. 1780)",
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15809,
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35803
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
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51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 17 Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1769)",
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35819
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
63
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Philip Francis, Anglo-Irish clergyman and writer (d. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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16091,
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35817
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Nathaniel Ames, Colonial American physician (d. 1764)",
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15996,
13186297,
34720
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 26",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6048708
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre-Joseph Bernard, French military man and salon poet with the reputation of a rake (d. 1775)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
18823253,
35816
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
],
[
93,
97
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Matteo Capranica, Italian composer (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28173743,
8380114
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 Olof von Dalin, Swedish nobleman (d. 1763)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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35822
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 Sir John Rogers, 3rd Baronet (d. 1773)",
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1711,
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35817
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
40
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 2 André le Breton, French publisher (d. 1779)",
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27531,
4241137,
35738
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, officer of the marines, colonial administrator for New France (d. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27765,
33111431,
35815
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
51
],
[
119,
123
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Charles Stanhope, Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby (d. 1736)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27948,
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35849
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Paul Egede, Dano-Norwegian theologian (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28544,
1791119,
34697
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
24
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 10 Mathias Collett, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28020,
36338275,
35826
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
30
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 Catharina Freymann, Norwegian educator and pietist leader (d. 1791)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27650,
38368868,
34590
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
33
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra, Archbishop of Manila (d. 1764)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28202,
19419961,
34720
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
43
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 Thomas Wood, British politician and MP (d. 1799)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28203,
28277251,
35496
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
26
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Ignatius Sichelbart, German-Bohemian Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28178,
38301218,
35803
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
34
],
[
86,
90
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 William Sutherland, 17th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1750)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22527,
38339211,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
55
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 Antonio Francesco Vezzosi, Italian Theatine and biographical writer (d. 1783)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22454,
16974306,
35523
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
37
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Johann Christoph Petzold, German sculptor who mainly worked in Denmark (d. 1762)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22536,
35963063,
34977
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
36
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, French nobleman, bibliophile and military man (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22549,
25178921,
35803
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
44
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 John Wall, English physician (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22530,
27973909,
8380114
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
22
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (d. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22556,
362359,
35815
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Francis Webber, Anglican priest (d. 1771)",
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22442,
56937830,
35675
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 22",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22571
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Antoine-François, marquis de Lambertye, French aristocrat of the Ancien Régime (d. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
45408763,
35815
],
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[
1,
39
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis Günther II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
35254109,
34916
],
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[
1,
51
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Frederic Louis Norden, Danish naval captain and explorer (d. 1742)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2097779,
34722
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27",
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"target_page_ids": [
22434
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hill Boothby, English friend and late love of Samuel Johnson (d. 1756)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
52754301,
34589
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, French architect and structural engineer (d. 1794)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15465344,
34946
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7",
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"target_page_ids": [
21667
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Plumsted, mayor of Philadelphia in 1750 (d. 1765)",
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5419407,
34870
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (d. 1750)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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36145987,
35809
],
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[
1,
29
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21763,
33632,
24150,
35814
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
47
],
[
49,
85
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Gregorio Babbi, Italian operatic tenor (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21726,
28143242,
35820
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Sir John Frederick, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1783)",
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21579,
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35523
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Antoine de Laurès, French poet and playwright from Languedoc (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21577,
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35738
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2",
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8356
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Theodorick Bland of Cawsons, clerk of the court of Prince George County, Virginia (d. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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29997110,
35802
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
28
],
[
87,
91
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marianus Königsperger, German composer, organist and Catholic Monk of the Benedictine Order (d. 1769)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
61898150,
35819
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[
1,
22
],
[
97,
101
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Alessandro Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Cerveteri, 2nd Principe di Cerveteri (d. 1779)",
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8355,
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35738
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1,
11
],
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13,
56
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[
88,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Christopher Dufrost de La Jemeraye, Canadian explorer and cartographer (d. 1736)",
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
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1,
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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34
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},
{
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},
{
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104
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 James Kendall, English soldier, politician (b. 1647)",
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)",
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},
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"plaintext": " October 7 Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (b. 1666)",
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{
"plaintext": " October 9 Olympia Mancini, French courtier (b. 1638)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (b. 1659)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 11 Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Christian Weise, German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (b. 1642)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 22 ",
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22571
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (b. 1626)",
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{
"plaintext": " Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)",
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{
"plaintext": " October 24 Seki Kōwa, Japanese mathematician (b. c. 1640)",
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{
"plaintext": " October 28 Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1653)",
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"plaintext": " October 31 Nathaniel Higginson, English politician (b. 1652)",
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},
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"plaintext": " November 13 Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (b. 1648)",
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},
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},
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8219
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"plaintext": " Nicolas Pasquin, early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (b. 1648)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Date unknown Anna Maria Clodt, Swedish courtier (b. ?)",
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] | [
"1708",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 6,846 | 457 | 122 | 433 | 0 | 0 | 1708 | year | [] |
38,635 | 1,106,655,706 | 1709 | [
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"plaintext": " In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " Trinity School is founded as the charity school of Trinity Church, in New York City.",
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"plaintext": " De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Study Methods of Our Times) is published by Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico.",
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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144
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},
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},
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},
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]
},
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},
{
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2733
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1,
9
]
]
},
{
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1,
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45,
49
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},
{
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1,
13
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},
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]
},
{
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1,
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36
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Joachim Wasserschlebe, German-Danish diplomat (d. 1787)",
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1,
6
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29
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62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 9 Mihály Salbeck, doctor of philosophy, priest of the Society of Jesus, and teacher (d. 1758)",
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1,
6
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 Théodore Tronchin, Genevan physician (d. 1781)",
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1,
7
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26
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54
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]
},
{
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1,
7
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23
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]
},
{
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1,
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22
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},
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15865
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nathaniel Booth, English peer who served as Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1765 (d. 1770)",
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33325208,
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1,
16
],
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104,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francis Towneley, English Catholic and supporter of the exiled House of Stuart or Jacobite (d. 1746)",
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32137696,
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1,
17
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},
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1,
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10,
30
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]
},
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15936,
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1,
8
],
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10,
34
],
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39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Nathan Tupper, farmer (d. 1784)",
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15802,
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1,
8
],
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10,
23
],
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36,
40
]
]
},
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"plaintext": " July 4 Antonio Orgiazzi il Vecchio, Italian painter active mainly in the Valselsia (d. 1788)",
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15849,
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1,
7
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36
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},
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"plaintext": " July 5 Étienne de Silhouette, French Ancien Régime Controller-General of Finances under Louis XV (d. 1767)",
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1,
7
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30
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103,
107
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},
{
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15809,
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35523
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1,
8
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10,
25
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 11 Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)",
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15873,
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1,
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10,
36
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},
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1,
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10,
40
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63,
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},
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16089
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
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35802
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1,
21
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74,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Friedrich Christian Baumeister, German philosopher (d. 1785)",
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25301907,
35801
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1,
31
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56,
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},
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"plaintext": " Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (d. 1774)",
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1,
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45,
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},
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1,
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10,
22
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39,
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},
{
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1333
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1,
9
]
]
},
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13803553,
35738
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1,
22
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53,
57
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},
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"plaintext": " Johann Georg Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1755)",
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1,
20
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]
},
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"plaintext": " Tokugawa Ietsugu, seventh shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty (d. 1716)",
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1,
17
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},
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1,
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},
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1,
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},
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1448
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1,
10
]
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},
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35523
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1,
14
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},
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"plaintext": " John Eardley Wilmot, English judge, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1766–1771) (d. 1792)",
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1,
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},
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1,
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12,
22
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},
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1,
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12,
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},
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1,
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12,
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},
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{
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (d. 1774)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ludovico Stern, Italian painter of the Rococo or late-Baroque period (d. 1777)",
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{
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Baptiste de Belloy, Archbishop of Paris and cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 1808)",
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Johann Daniel Ritter, German historian (d. 1775)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Jean-Gabriel Berbudeau, French-born surgeon who spent time practicing medicine in eastern Canada (d. 1792)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Sewallis Shirley, British Member of Parliament in the reign of George II (d. 1765)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 25",
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1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Georg Gebel, German musician and composer (d. 1753)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jan Wagenaar, Dutch historian (d. 1773)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Ignatius von Weitenauer, German Jesuit writer (d. 1783)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Christopher Marshall, leader in the American Revolution (d. 1797)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Dirk Klinkenberg, mathematician, amateur astronomer, secretary of the Dutch government for 40 years (d. 1799)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 18 Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely (d. 1783)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem, German Lutheran theologian during the Age of Enlightenment (d. 1789)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 Franz Xaver Richter, Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician (d. 1789)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Pierre II Surette, art of the Acadian and Wabanaki Confederacy resistance against the British Empire in Acadia (d. 1789)",
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[
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132
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14",
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8851
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Caspar Friedrich Hachenberg, rector of the Latin school of Wageningen, The Netherlands, and writer of Greek and Latin grammars (d. 1793)",
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[
1,
28
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132,
136
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Lawrence, British military officer who (d. 1760)",
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1327403,
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1,
17
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56
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Elizabeth of Russia, empress regnant of Russia (d. 1762)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
33
],
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 21",
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8850
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Frederick, MP (d. 1785)",
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8266017,
35801
],
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[
1,
18
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27,
31
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Arnaud-François Lefèbvre, Apostolic Vicar of Cochin (d. 1760)",
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1,
25
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27,
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 24 Johann Evangelist Holzer, Austrian-German painter (d. 1740)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
38
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72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 François de la Chaise, French confessor of Louis XIV of France (b. 1624)",
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1,
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],
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13,
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],
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],
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury, English politician (b. 1654)",
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1,
11
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 24 George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)",
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],
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1,
11
],
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13,
25
],
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (b. 1646)",
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15791,
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
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],
[
118,
122
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 8 Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658)",
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11360,
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38614
],
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
29
],
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52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 9 François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (b. 1664)",
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11361,
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1,
11
],
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13,
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],
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65,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 11 Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, German artist (b. 1622)",
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11184,
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1,
12
],
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14,
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Erik Benzelius the Elder, Swedish theologian (b. 1632)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
38
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1646)",
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11006,
325119,
35060
],
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1,
12
],
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14,
33
],
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55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 9 Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat",
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20054,
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 21 Burchard de Volder, Dutch mathematician (b. 1643)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
29
],
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55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 1 Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (b. 1643)",
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1175,
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
38
],
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43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (b. 1639)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1,
8
],
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10,
34
],
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108,
112
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Roger de Piles, French painter (b. 1635)",
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1,
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10,
24
],
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
48
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Johann Ernst von Thun, Tyrolean Catholic bishop (b. 1643)",
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2195,
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35220
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
32
],
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63,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 ",
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2483
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gurgin Khan (George XI of Kartli), Persian Governor of Kandahar (b. 1651)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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36373
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1,
34
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69,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano, Prince of Savoy (b. 1628)",
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35142
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[
1,
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death (b. 1647)",
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1,
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (b. 1644)",
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1,
8
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10,
24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 30 Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)",
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1,
8
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10,
22
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44,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 17 Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (b. 1646)",
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16089,
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1,
8
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10,
24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German princess (b. 1640)",
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1629,
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1,
10
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12,
54
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 Andrea Pozzo, Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (b. 1642)",
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1,
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12,
24
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68,
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Jean-François Regnard, French comic poet (b. 1655)",
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1,
12
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14,
35
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Gunno Dahlstierna, Swedish poet (b. 1661)",
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34588
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"plaintext": " September 14 Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b. 1635)",
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"plaintext": " October 2 Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (b. 1639)",
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"plaintext": " October 5 Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer (b. 1636)",
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"plaintext": " October 9 Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)",
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"plaintext": " October 31 Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (b. 1638)",
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"plaintext": " November 4 Barend Graat, Dutch painter (b. 1628)",
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"plaintext": " November 23 William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (b. 1649)",
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"plaintext": " November 29 Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, English noble (b. 1632)",
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"plaintext": " December 1 Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)",
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"plaintext": " December 7 Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (b. 1638)",
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"plaintext": " December 8 Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (b. 1625)",
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"plaintext": " December 15 Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1637)",
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"plaintext": " December 31",
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"plaintext": " Pierre Cally, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1630)",
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"plaintext": " Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet, English statesman (b. 1647)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown John Coode, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1648)",
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"plaintext": " probable date Eleanor Glanville, English entomologist (b. 1654)",
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] | [
"1709"
] | 6,857 | 862 | 121 | 407 | 0 | 0 | 1709 | year | [] |
38,636 | 1,104,670,016 | 1706 | [
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"plaintext": " January 26 War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians against the occupation of the Electorate of Bavaria by Austrian troops ends after 75 days, and ends the plans of Maximilian, the Elector of Bavaria, to bring Bavaria under the rule of the House of Wittelsbach.",
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"plaintext": " February 13 Great Northern War: Outnumbered more than 4 to 1 in infantry troops, and more than 2 to 1 overall, Swedish troops under the command of General Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld defeat a larger force of 20,000 Russian and Saxon infantry and cavalry at the Battle of Fraustadt.",
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"plaintext": " March 21 Mary Channing, who was pregnant at the time that she was convicted of the murder of her husband, is burned at the stake at Dorset, in front of a crowd of 10,000 onlookers. ",
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"plaintext": " April 10 The Battle of Grodno ends with a Swedish victory over Russian troops.",
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"plaintext": " April 27 War of the Spanish Succession: After a siege of 14 days, a French and Spanish army retakes control of Barcelona, which had been captured by England's army in 1705.",
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"plaintext": " May 23 War of the Spanish Succession Battle of Ramillies: English, Dutch, German, Swiss and Scottish troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat Franco-Bavarian forces in the Low Countries.",
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"plaintext": " June 9 King Frederik IV of Denmark sends the first two Protestant missionaries to India, dispatching Lutherans Heinrich Plütcshau and Bartholomeus Ziegenbalg to Denmark's colony in India, the Dansk Ostindien, based at Tharangambadi (\"Tranquebar\") in what is now the Tamil Nadu state. ",
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"plaintext": " June 28 War of the Spanish Succession: Troops dispatched from Portugal capture Madrid and proclaim the Habsburg dynasty's Archduke Charles of Austria to be the King Carlos III of Spain, after the Bourbon ruler, Philip V, has fled.",
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"plaintext": " August 4 War of the Spanish Succession: The Spanish Bourbon armies of King Philip V retake Madrid from the Portuguese and Habsburg Austria troops that had entered the city in June.",
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"plaintext": " August 18 King Louis XIV of France makes his last visit to Paris, and gets an update on the construction of the veterans' hospital at the Dome des Invalides, which he had commissioned more than 35 years earlier.",
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"plaintext": " September 7 War of the Spanish Succession Battle of Turin: Forces of Austria and Savoy defeat the French near what is now the Italian city of Torino.",
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"plaintext": " October 13 ",
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"plaintext": "Augustus II, known as August der Starke (Augustus the Strong), Elector of Saxony, having ruled as King of Poland since 1706, signs the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), renouncing all claims to the throne to settle his fight with Sweden during the Great Northern War",
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"plaintext": "Iyasu I, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1682, is assassinated on the island of Tana, on orders of his son, Tekle Haymanot I, who has ruled in Iyasu's place. After being crowned as the new Empeor, Tekle Haymanot is stabbed to death in 1708 on orders of Iyasu's brother, Tewoflos",
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"plaintext": " October Twinings founder, Thomas Twining, opens the first known tea room at 216 Strand, London, still open .",
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"plaintext": " November 4 The Parliament of Scotland votes, 116 to 83, to approve the merger of Scotland with England to form the United Kingdom. ",
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"plaintext": " November 6 A British attempt to conquer the Canary Islands fails when a fleet of 12 Royal Navy warships, commanded by Admiral John Jennings is forced to retreat after being met by a heavy artillery attack while sailing into Santa Cruz Bay",
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"plaintext": " November 15 Five months after having been deposed from his position as the Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso disappears while in exile in Qinghai and is presumed to have been murdered.",
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"plaintext": " December 31 François Martin, the first Governor General of French India (now part India's union territory of Puducherry, retires after seven years and is replaced by Pierre Dulivier.",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
"plaintext": " Richard Penn Sr., proprietary and titular governor of Pennsylvania and the counties of New Castle County (d. 1771)",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Johann Joseph Christian, German Baroque sculptor and woodcarver (d. 1777)",
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1,
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},
{
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},
{
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61
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 Philippe-François Bart, French naval officer who was Governor of Saint-Domingue during the Seven Years' War (d. 1784)",
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1,
12
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14,
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130
]
]
},
{
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1,
8
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37
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101
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]
},
{
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1,
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},
{
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14,
27
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Johann Leonhard Dober, one of the two first missionaries of the Moravian Brethren in the West Indies in 1732 (d. 1766)",
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1,
8
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31
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127
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]
},
{
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1,
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11,
22
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48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Johann Christoph Heilbronner, German mathematical historian (d. 1745)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten, German Protestant theologian (d. 1757)",
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1,
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11,
36
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Anna Maria Barbara Abesch, Swiss reverse glass painter and the daughter of Johann Peter Abesch (d. 1773)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
36
],
[
110,
114
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 26 Mather Byles, American clergyman active in British North America (d. 1788)",
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1,
9
],
[
11,
23
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Andrew Oliver, merchant and public official in the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1774)",
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1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
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96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Tommaso Struzzieri, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Todi (1775–1780) (d. 1780)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
29
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[
99,
103
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Johann Joseph Würth, Austrian silversmith of the late baroque period (d. 1767)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
29
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[
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Louis de Cahusac, French playwright and librettist (d. 1759)",
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],
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1,
8
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10,
26
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 18 William Brattle, Attorney General of Province of Massachusetts Bay as well as a physician (d. 1776)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
26
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109
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Giovanni Battista Martini, Italian musician (d. 1784)",
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],
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1,
9
],
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11,
36
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[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (d. 1774)",
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34901
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1,
9
],
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11,
34
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[
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57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (d. 1774)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
31
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59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, French physician and botanist who was a native of Alès (d. 1767)",
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35230
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1,
7
],
[
9,
49
],
[
110,
114
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1826263,
35803
],
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1,
7
],
[
9,
33
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier from Northampton (d. 1777)",
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35815
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
21
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[
74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 Samuel Troilius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (d. 1764)",
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1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
76,
80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)",
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35823
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
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45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Johann Joachim Kändler, German sculptor and important modeller of the Meissen porcelain manufactury (d. 1775)",
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35816
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1,
8
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[
10,
32
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[
114,
118
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 3 Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield, English politician and peer (d. 1776)",
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8380114
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
42
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[
76,
80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 8 John Hart, militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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35815
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
18
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne, French nobleman (d. 1771)",
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15947,
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35675
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
48
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 21 Pierre Lyonnet, artist and engraver who became a naturalist (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16179,
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34697
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 Franz Sebald Unterberger, South Tyrolean painter in the Baroque style (d. 1776)",
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
35
],
[
85,
89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 4 Frederick Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2418,
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35823
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
72
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[
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81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, Regent of Württemberg (d. 1756)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2192,
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
53
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[
81,
85
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 15 Benjamin Dass, Norwegian educator and scholar who served as Rector of Trondheim Cathedral School (d. 1775)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1442,
36198395,
35816
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[
1,
10
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12,
25
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[
113,
117
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Bakht Singh of Marwar, Indian Raja of the Rathore Clan (d. 1752)",
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1448,
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1,
10
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[
12,
33
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 Pierre Nicolas d'Incarville, French Jesuit, amateur botanist and missionary to China (d. 1757)",
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1,
10
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[
12,
39
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[
101,
105
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Sir John Evelyn, 2nd Baronet, British courtier and Whig politician (d. 1767)",
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1,
10
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[
12,
40
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83,
87
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 28 Jan Bouman, Dutch architect (d. 1776)",
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1,
10
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12,
22
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44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 3 Alonso Verdugo, 3rd Count of Torrepalma, Spanish count (d. 1767)",
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27989,
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35230
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1,
12
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[
14,
53
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[
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77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 Antoine de Favray, French painter noted for his portraits of personalities of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1798)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28488,
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1,
12
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[
14,
31
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115,
119
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Jean-Baptiste Barsalou, Canadian fur trader (d. 1776)",
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28544,
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[
1,
12
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14,
36
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[
62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Léon Ménard, French lawyer and historian (d. 1767)",
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1,
13
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15,
26
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60,
64
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, second wife of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1735)",
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27532,
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1,
13
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15,
42
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[
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100
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Barbara Regina Dietzsch, Bavarian painter and engraver (d. 1783)",
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27889,
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1,
13
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15,
38
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74,
78
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 6",
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22542
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[
1,
10
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " Princess Charlotte Amalie of Denmark, Danish princess (d. 1782)",
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34698
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[
1,
37
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59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pieter Steyn, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1772)",
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3501757,
35818
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1,
13
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47,
51
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{
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
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1,
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14,
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},
{
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14,
27
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},
{
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1,
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32
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77
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},
{
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " December 24 Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German noblewoman and member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1751)",
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1,
12
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14,
58
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126
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{
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1,
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14,
41
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120,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Elisabetta Maria Satellico, Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Poor Clares who served as her convent's abbess (d. 1745)",
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1,
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40
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149
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " James Abercrombie, British general (d. 1781)",
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1,
18
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44
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},
{
"plaintext": " Sabina Aufenwerth, German potter (d. 1782)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Barbe de Nettine, politically influential Austrian Netherlands banker (d. 1775)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 10 Luisa Roldán, Spanish artist (b. 1652)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (b. 1649)",
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (b. 1638)",
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1,
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13,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (b. 1636)",
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1,
11
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13,
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66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Balthasar Kindermann, German poet (b. 1636)",
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1,
12
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14,
34
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52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 John Evelyn, English writer, gardener and diarist (b. 1620)",
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1,
12
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14,
25
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)",
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1,
8
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10,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 3 Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)",
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10,
26
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 6 García Felipe de Legazpi y Velasco Altamirano y Albornoz, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tlaxcala (b. 1643)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Sultan Muhammad Akbar, Mughal prince (b. 1657)",
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11,
32
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Caspar Schamberger, German surgeon and merchant (b. 1623)",
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1,
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1666)",
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 Thomas Hinckley, last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1618)",
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11,
26
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1675–1706) (b. 1649)",
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1,
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11,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (b. 1661)",
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1,
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26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Marcantonio Barbarigo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and venerable (b. 1640)",
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[
40,
54
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[
82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2 Beatriz Kimpa Vita, Congolese prophet (b. 1684)",
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1,
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27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 9 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (b. 1661)",
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]
},
{
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11,
33
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 23 Edward Nott, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1654)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 26 Michael Willmann, German painter (b. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Cornelis de Man, Dutch painter (b. 1621)",
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1,
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14,
29
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53
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Ferdinand de Marsin, Marshal of France (b. 1656)",
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1,
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58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 Matthias Petersen, sea captain and whaler from the North Frisian island of Föhr (b. 1632)",
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1,
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32
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103
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Onofrio Gabrieli, Italian painter (b. 1619)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " October 13 Iyasus I of Ethiopia (b. 1682)",
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13,
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},
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"plaintext": " October 17 William Jones, English lawyer, Deputy Governor of Connecticut (b. 1624)",
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11
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, music theorist, and composer (b. 1645)",
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1,
11
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33
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 9 Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop (b. 1619)",
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11
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13,
23
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
46
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest, Dutch admiral (b. 1642)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1658)",
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},
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"plaintext": " December 3 Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (b. 1637)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1645–1692) and Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1692–1706) (b. 1635)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (b. 1647)",
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55
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},
{
"plaintext": " Byerley Turk, thoroughbred stallion (b. c. 1684)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (b. 1660)",
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] | [
"1706"
] | 6,835 | 481 | 110 | 485 | 0 | 0 | 1706 | year | [] |
38,638 | 1,101,094,702 | 1705 | [
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"plaintext": " In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.",
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, German miniature painter (d. 1759)",
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131
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},
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8
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10,
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50
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},
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63
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},
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11,
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},
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},
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33
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Nathaniel Elliot, English Jesuit scholar (d. 1780)",
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1,
6
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},
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"plaintext": " May 5 John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Scottish nobleman and army officer (d. 1782)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " May 8 António José da Silva, Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil (d. 1739)",
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"plaintext": " May 10 Alexander Luttrell (d. 1737)",
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27
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36
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},
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"plaintext": " May 13 Johan Lorentz Castenschiold, Dutch-Danish landowner who was ennobled (d. 1747)",
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1,
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36
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},
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"plaintext": " June 1 Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath (d. 1751)",
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1,
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28
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62,
66
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 9",
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15865
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jan Paweł Biretowski (d. 1781)",
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1,
21
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26,
30
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist (d. 1787)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " June 10 Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1762)",
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},
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"plaintext": " June 21 Samuel Edwards, American silversmith (d. 1762)",
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"plaintext": " July 1 Sir Alexander Grant, 5th Baronet (d. 1772)",
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},
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"plaintext": " July 23 Francis Blomefield, English antiquarian (d. 1752)",
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10,
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},
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"plaintext": " August 8 Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (d. 1750)",
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11,
36
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"plaintext": " August 12 Jonathan Clarke, American silversmith active in Newport (d. 1770)",
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12,
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12,
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{
"plaintext": " August 18",
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1496
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1,
10
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (d. 1775)",
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1,
15
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},
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"plaintext": " Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin (d. 1777)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " August 20",
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " James Balfour, philosopher (d. 1795)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort (d. 1755)",
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},
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"plaintext": " September 2 Abraham Tucker, English country gentleman (d. 1774)",
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1,
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14,
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"plaintext": " September 5 Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, French princess of the blood (d. 1765)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " September 7 Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era (d. 1788)",
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27949,
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1,
12
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{
"plaintext": " September 19",
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28147
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[
1,
13
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},
{
"plaintext": " Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin, French harpsichordist (d. 1778)",
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1,
31
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},
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"plaintext": " William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, English nobleman and Member of Parliament (d. 1769)",
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1,
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1,
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"plaintext": " September 24 Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)",
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13
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[
15,
38
],
[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 28",
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27533
],
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (d. 1774)",
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325832,
34901
],
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[
1,
29
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)",
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11749926,
35818
],
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[
1,
21
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 3 Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French diplomat who engineered the coup d'état that brought Elizaveta Petrovna to the Russian throne in 1741 (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
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],
[
174,
178
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Yakov Shakhovskoy (d. 1777)",
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
29
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 Emmanuel Héré de Corny, court architect to Stanisław Leszczyński (d. 1763)",
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
35
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 23 Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian military officer (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22572,
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34900
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 Johann Friedrich Endersch, German cartographer and mathematician (d. 1769)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22333,
16354,
35819
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Pope Clement XIV (d. 1774)",
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34901
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Antoine Terrasson, French author (d. 1782)",
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21460,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, French soldier (d. 1783)",
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21805,
16885900,
35523
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
52
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5",
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21565
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Baker, English merchant and politician (d. 1770)",
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19794670,
35076
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist (d. 1770)",
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10691383,
35076
],
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[
1,
25
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Sir Halswell Tynte, 3rd Baronet (d. 1730)",
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21763,
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34898
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Andrea Casali (d. 1784)",
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21798,
11340479,
35802
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Thomas Birch, English historian (d. 1766)",
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21806,
189719,
35821
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels (d. 1778)",
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21522,
33818333,
35814
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
60
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Michael Christian Festing, English violinist and composer (d. 1752)",
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"target_page_ids": [
21578,
21187905,
34869
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
39
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Jonathan Parsons, Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period, supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21577,
1677301,
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],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
138,
142
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter (d. 1785)",
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"target_page_ids": [
8352,
31931890,
35801
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785)",
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8589,
32175416,
35801
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8851
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Wiguläus von Kreittmayr, Bavarian jurist and public official (d. 1790)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
58110849,
34916
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Queen Seonui, wife and Queen Consort of King Gyeongjong of Joseon (d. 1730)",
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"target_page_ids": [
33561534,
34898
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20",
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"target_page_ids": [
8849
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Fothergill (d. 1760)",
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"target_page_ids": [
32223946,
35824
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
23,
27
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Antonio Palomba, Italian opera librettist (d. 1769)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28152655,
35819
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Prince Frederick Henry Eugen of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1781)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8452,
19464196,
35490
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
59
],
[
103,
107
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 Georg Wolfgang Knorr, German engraver and naturalist (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8677,
37560174,
35823
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Dick Turpin, English highwayman (d. 1739)",
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"target_page_ids": [
207940,
35846
],
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[
15,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1785)",
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"target_page_ids": [
32175416,
35801
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
15,
34
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Giovanni Battista Spínola, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Genoa (1694–1705) (b. 1625)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15987,
57809198,
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
37
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 10 Johannes van Haensbergen, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16076,
26580844,
34587
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
37
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 Luca Giordano, Italian artist (b. 1634)",
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"target_page_ids": [
16112,
221468,
35191
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Madame d'Aulnoy (b. 1650)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16192,
1422062,
34974
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
33,
37
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 John Ray, English naturalist (b. 1627)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15920,
15596,
35141
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
21
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (b. 1631)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
23751607,
9852313,
35161
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I (b. 1668)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
10846,
1497716,
38624
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
40
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (b. 1635)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11119,
181222,
35192
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
92,
96
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 13 Charles Auger, French colonial administrator (b. 1644)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11170,
58529319,
34860
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 15 Jean-Baptiste de Gennes (b. 1656)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11020,
58475544,
38613
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 William \"Tangier\" Smith, Moroccan mayor (b. 1655)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11363,
14220087,
36177
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 John Temple, Irish politician (b. 1632)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20196,
7180576,
34990
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Curt Christoph von Koppelow (b. 1624)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22693343,
52326621,
34585
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
38
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 22 Christian Heinrich Postel, German jurist (b. 1658)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20211,
38016178,
38614
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
36
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 John Howe, English Puritan theologian (b. 1630)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1777,
634791,
35078
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
19
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (b. 1627)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2194,
6994466,
35141
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
20
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Odoardo Cibo, Roman Catholic prelate and Titular Patriarch of Constantinople (1689–1705) (b. 1619)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1008,
54375033,
35108
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
103,
107
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 Uldericus Nardi, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Bagnoregio (1698–1705) (b. 1637)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1974,
53497241,
35193
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
92,
96
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19352
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Ernst Glück, German theologian, translator (b. 1652)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
6280609,
34918
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1640)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
148788,
34893
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
30
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Michael Wigglesworth, Puritan minister (b. 1631)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15805,
768757,
35161
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Alonso Antonio de San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cuenca (1681–1705) and Bishop of Oviedo (1675–1681) (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15861,
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34587
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
37
],
[
129,
133
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Titus Oates, English priest who fabricated the \"Popish Plot\" (b. 1649)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15878,
298582,
36176
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Elizabeth Wilbraham (b. 1632)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15922,
34051243,
34990
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 30 Nathaniel Felton, landowner in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and served as a juryman (b. 1615)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15911,
63511208,
35105
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
18679439
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lucio Borghesi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chiusi (1682–1705) (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
57996369,
34587
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maria Hueber, Catholic nun (b. 1653)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
60762685,
38610
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 6 Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg, second Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg from 1677 until his death (b. 1655)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1019,
35346001,
36177
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
40
],
[
131,
135
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 13 Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French aristocrat (b. 1646)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1129,
12307846,
35060
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
43
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1654)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1448,
64740,
36224
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
27
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 28",
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1781
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ludvig Stoud, Danish-Norwegian theologian and priest (b. 1649)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
54096044,
36176
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
58,
62
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},
{
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14,
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98
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},
{
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1,
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},
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1,
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[
15,
44
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},
{
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28030
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1,
13
]
]
},
{
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38518017,
38618
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1,
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44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, Field Marshal in the Austrian army (b. 1669)",
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8248887,
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1,
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78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Emeric Thököly, Hungarian nobleman (b. 1657)",
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345939,
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[
1,
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40,
44
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Gregorio Compagni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Larino (1703–1705) and Bishop of Sansepolcro (1696–1705) (b. 1640)",
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[
1,
13
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15,
32
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[
129,
133
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]
},
{
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1,
13
],
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15,
31
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[
61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 30 Anne Camm, early British Quaker preacher (b. 1627)",
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1,
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[
15,
24
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
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22549,
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35162
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[
1,
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12,
38
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[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 11 Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)",
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22440,
555468,
38620
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1,
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31
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79
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]
},
{
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1,
11
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[
13,
30
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[
50,
54
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},
{
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22434,
4973865,
34585
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1,
11
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[
13,
41
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[
113,
117
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]
},
{
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21758,
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1,
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13,
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Justine Siegemund, German midwife (b. 1636)",
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21760,
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34935
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
40,
47
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewoman (b. 1661)",
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21763,
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1,
12
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[
14,
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[
90,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 21 John Deming, early Puritan settler and original patentee of the Connecticut Colony (b. c. 1615)",
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21576,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
104,
108
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Prince William of Denmark, youngest son of Christian V of Denmark and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1687)",
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21806,
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1,
12
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[
14,
39
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[
121,
125
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 William Lowther, English landowner and politician (b. 1639)",
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8144,
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35195
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 John Easton, political leader in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (b. 1624)",
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
25
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105,
109
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Valentin Stansel, Czech Jesuit astronomer who worked in Brazil (b. 1621)",
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15092837,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr (b. 1664)",
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38622
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1,
12
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[
14,
34
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[
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia (b. 1680)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
48
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Fateh Singh, fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh (b. 1697)",
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8360,
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36178
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
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[
76,
80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Catherine of Braganza, widowed queen consort of Charles II of England and regent of Portugal (b. 1638)",
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8204,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
62,
83
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[
111,
115
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Meg Shelton, alleged witch from Lancashire",
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27940440
],
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[
17,
28
]
]
}
] | [
"1705"
] | 6,830 | 437 | 108 | 425 | 0 | 0 | 1705 | year | [] |
38,639 | 1,074,068,565 | 1702 | [
{
"plaintext": " In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 2 Nabeshima Naotsune, Japanese daimyō (d. 1749)",
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15788,
13272296,
35838
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1,
10
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[
52,
56
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},
{
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15986
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Adam von Ickstatt, German educator and director of the University of Ingolstadt (d. 1776)",
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15492199,
8380114
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[
1,
25
],
[
92,
96
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},
{
"plaintext": " José de Nebra, Spanish composer (d. 1768)",
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25580335,
35820
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1,
14
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41
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 10 Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (d. 1762)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 12",
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16112
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacques Aved, French painter and Rococo portraitist (d. 1766)",
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22462713,
35821
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1,
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57,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish Catholic priest (d. 1774)",
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4480348,
34901
],
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[
1,
22
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51,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 13 Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, French general of Irish Jacobite ancestry (d. 1766)",
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35821
],
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[
1,
11
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13,
42
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[
90,
94
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Emperor Nakamikado, of Japan (d. 1737)",
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16192,
219391,
35848
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 18 Sava II Petrović-Njegoš, Metropolitan of Cetinje (d. 1782)",
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16202,
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1,
11
],
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13,
36
],
[
38,
61
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[
66,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 24 Frederica Henriette of Anhalt-Bernburg, member of the House of Ascania by birth and Princess of Anhalt-Köthen by marriage (d. 1723)",
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15954,
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
51
],
[
139,
143
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Johann Caspar Scheuchzer, Swiss naturalist (d. 1729)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15791,
52850714,
35853
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
37
],
[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 31 Alan Brodrick, 2nd Viscount Midleton, English cricketer (d. 1747)",
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15793,
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35840
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
49
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 3",
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11323
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Michael Adelbulner, German mathematician (d. 1779)",
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4557863,
35738
],
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[
1,
19
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, Italian architect (d. 1768)",
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2397816,
35820
],
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[
1,
28
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Giovanni Carmine Pellerano, Italian Catholic prelate, member of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1783)",
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"target_page_ids": [
11021,
42976699,
35523
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 7 Carl August Thielo, Danish composer (d. 1763)",
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11063,
22617683,
35822
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 10",
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10991
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Pierre Guignon, Franco-Italian composer and violinist (d. 1774)",
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57074148,
34901
],
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[
1,
20
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Carlo Marchionni, Italian architect (d. 1786)",
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4360470,
35800
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Robert Hale, Massachusetts physician, soldier (d. 1767)",
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11158,
12743066,
35230
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Rasmus Paludan, Norwegian theologian and priest (d. 1759)",
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11141,
54081267,
35826
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27",
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11310
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (d. 1777)",
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27566776,
35815
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Valentin Görner, German composer (d. 1762)",
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21161531,
34977
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[
1,
23
],
[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2",
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19516
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henrietta Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt, granddaughter of the \"Great Elector\" Frederick William (d. 1782)",
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35707155,
34698
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
39
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Stourton, 15th Baron Stourton, son of Charles Stourton (1669–1739) (d. 1753)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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13711469,
35827
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[
1,
38
],
[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Jack Sheppard, British burglar and escaper (d. 1724)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20315,
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35857
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
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[
57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Anne Bonny, Irish female pirate (d. 1782)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20053,
934180,
34698
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
20
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[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Burkat Shudi, English harpsichord maker of Swiss origin (d. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22693343,
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35817
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
23
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (d. 1775)",
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14563107,
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35816
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
22
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[
73,
77
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 21 Bento de Moura Portugal (d. 1766)",
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20329,
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35821
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
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[
39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 22 Matthias de Visch, Flemish painter of history paintings and portraits (d. 1765)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20211,
14762417,
34870
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
28
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[
85,
89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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19773,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
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2194
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
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[
1,
14
],
[
90,
94
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Solomon Lombard (d. 1781)",
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1,
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25
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},
{
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1,
8
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38,
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},
{
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1,
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11,
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30,
34
]
]
},
{
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1,
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]
},
{
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2195
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
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2140299,
35490
],
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[
1,
49
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[
69,
73
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]
},
{
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2140299,
35490
],
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[
1,
47
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
36
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84,
88
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},
{
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
42
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
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19353,
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35819
],
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1,
6
],
[
8,
21
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71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Abraham Lehn, Danish landowner (d. 1757)",
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19629,
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
44,
48
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]
},
{
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx, French foreign minister (d. 1770)",
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
54
],
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84,
88
]
]
},
{
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19659,
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35808
],
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[
1,
7
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[
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45
],
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50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 John Rous, Royal Navy officer during King George's War and the Seven Years' War (d. 1760)",
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
18
],
[
93,
97
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, fifth Prince (d. 1769)",
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1,
7
],
[
9,
67
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86,
90
]
]
},
{
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5",
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15820
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Frederik Arentz, Lutheran bishop of Bjørgvin from 1762 to 1774 (d. 1779)",
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60446400,
35738
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (d. 1754)",
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3238435,
34899
],
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[
1,
41
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1707 until his death (d. 1761)",
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15795,
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35823
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
46
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 William Townshend, British Member of Parliament (d. 1738)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15865,
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35847
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Michał Kazimierz \"Rybeńko\" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1762)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15816,
1306028,
34977
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Frederick Augustus Rutowsky, German general (d. 1764)",
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15817,
14324698,
34720
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
37
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 26 Philip Doddridge, English religious leader (d. 1751)",
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15800,
250790,
35828
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 30 Elizabeth Timothy, colonial American printer and newspaper publisher in South Carolina who worked for Benjamin Franklin (d. 1757)",
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15843,
35114745,
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],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
134,
138
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 6 Franz Anton Maichelbeck, German organist and composer (d. 1750)",
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15862,
63169846,
35809
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
32
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 18 Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)",
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16090,
160257,
34727
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
35
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Philemon Ewer, English shipbuilder (d. 1750)",
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16091,
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35809
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 Christian Siegmund Georgi, evangelical theologian at Wittenberg, Germany (d. 1771)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15803,
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35675
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
35
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer and virtuoso oboist (d. 1793)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15996,
15654854,
35416
],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
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71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Jean Denis Attiret, French Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1768)",
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18679439,
1917190,
35820
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1769)",
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1154,
19464128,
35819
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
36
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3",
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1259
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Walter Bagot, 5th Baronet (d. 1768)",
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9346900,
35820
],
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[
1,
30
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Rooke, priest (d. 1754)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
58993091,
34899
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
26,
30
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 7 Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (d. 1748)",
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1332,
854210,
35839
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 14 Philip Carteret Webb, English barrister (d. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1417,
17403687,
35076
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
32
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre, military engineer in the Spanish Army, discovered architectural remains at Pompeii and Herculaneum (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1448,
23095122,
35803
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
39
],
[
144,
148
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 26",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6048708
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter, of England (d. 1749)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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25666502,
35838
],
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[
1,
38
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Judith Madan, English poet (d. 1781)",
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16714618,
35490
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 28 Jean Philippe d'Orléans, illegitimate son of future French regent Philippe d'Orleans (d. 1748)",
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1781,
25123311,
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35839
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
35
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[
78,
96
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[
101,
105
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor who worked in England (d. 1762)",
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1711,
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34977
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
36
],
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80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 2 John Evans, Welsh Anglican cleric (d. 1782)",
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27531,
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34698
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1,
12
],
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14,
24
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Legall de Kermeur, French chess player (d. 1792)",
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27765,
1340740,
34914
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1,
12
],
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14,
31
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[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Joseph Bonnier de la Mosson, French aristocrat (d. 1744)",
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27948,
25378193,
35843
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
41
],
[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12",
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"target_page_ids": [
28021
],
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Hazard, Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1751)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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31738464,
35828
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Januarius Maria Sarnelli, Beatified Italian (d. 1746)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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7406180,
35841
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[
1,
25
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 14",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27947
],
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[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ercole Lelli, Italian painter of the late-Baroque (d. 1766)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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13307907,
35821
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Adriana Maas, Dutch stage actress (d. 1746)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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27673579,
35841
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[
1,
13
],
[
39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Francesco Serao, Italian physician (d. 1783)",
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28148,
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35523
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
30
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4",
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22454
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Lindsay, 20th Earl of Crawford, British Army general (d. 1749)",
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10828648,
35838
],
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[
1,
36
],
[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Honoré Armand de Villars, French nobleman, soldier, politician (d. 1770)",
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22688719,
35076
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
25
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, German prince (d. 1787)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22536,
10151059,
34634
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
48
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 22 Frédéric Maurice Casimir de La Tour d'Auvergne, French prince (d. 1723)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22571,
26801697,
35808
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
59
],
[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 Christoph II von Dohna, Prussian general (d. 1762)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22333,
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34977
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1,
11
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13,
35
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[
58,
62
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{
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},
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},
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " November 7 Abhai Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar (Jodhpur) Kingdom (r (d. 1749)",
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},
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1,
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39
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96,
100
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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21575
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Townsend Andrews (d. 1737)",
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60108607,
35848
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[
1,
17
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[
22,
26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Winchcomb Packer (d. 1746)",
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59847825,
35841
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Apollos Rivoire (d. 1754)",
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1,
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},
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12
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},
{
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8322
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1,
12
]
]
},
{
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29958045,
35818
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[
1,
39
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[
78,
82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marguerite de Lubert, French woman of letters (d. 1785)",
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55027542,
35801
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[
1,
21
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
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1,
12
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[
14,
29
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[
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107
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]
},
{
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1,
12
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[
14,
34
],
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55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Margareta Momma, Swedish writer, journalist and editor (d. 1772)",
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21326593,
35818
],
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[
1,
16
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60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giuseppa Barbapiccola, Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator (d. 1740)",
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5343250,
35845
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[
1,
22
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 2 Christian Adolf I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, German nobleman (b. 1641)",
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15788,
63645126,
35202
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
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[
101,
105
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Ernst von Trautson, Austrian Roman Catholic clergyman who was Prince-Bishop of Vienna (b. 1633)",
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15987,
56968111,
35162
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
30
],
[
102,
106
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski, Polish noble (b. 1642)",
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34587
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
44
],
[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 John Milner, English clergyman (b. 1628)",
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23719500,
35142
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Peder Syv, Danish historian (b. 1631)",
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35161
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Münejjim Bashi, Ottoman astrologer, Sufi, and historian",
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11310,
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],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Giuseppe de Lazzara, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Alife (1676–1702) (b. 1626)",
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19516,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
87,
91
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Ignatius Gregory Peter VI Shahbaddin, Patriarch of the Syriac Catholic Church from 1678 to 1702 (b. c. 1641)",
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20315,
32416466,
35202
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
113,
117
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8",
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20053
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " (buried) Jan de Baen, Dutch portrait painter (b. 1633)",
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18774706,
35162
],
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[
10,
21
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1650)",
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47387,
34974
],
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[
6,
28
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Johannes Rothe, Dutch preacher (b. 1628)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20273,
45487308,
35142
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Joseph Oriol, Spanish Catholic priest, saint (b. 1650)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20210,
7636076,
34974
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Sir James Clavering, 1st Baronet, English landowner (b. 1620)",
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20209,
8885670,
35109
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
43
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Iver Leganger, Norwegian priest, non-fiction writer (b. 1629)",
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1777,
36285340,
35143
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3",
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2279
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)",
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34973
],
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[
1,
30
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1634)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1269211,
35191
],
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[
1,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Theophilus Oglethorpe, English soldier, MP (b. 1650)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2564,
34974
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (b. 1637)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1009,
18675566,
35193
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Anna Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury, English countess (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2195,
15688485,
34587
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
46
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 22 François Charpentier, French archaeologist and man of letters (b. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1710,
1355496,
35109
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
31
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Margaret Fell, English Quaker leader (b. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1827,
778071,
35102
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27",
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"target_page_ids": [
2326
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Bart, French naval commander and privateer (b. 1650)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
161102,
34974
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Emich Christian of Leiningen-Dagsburg, count (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
34346238,
34587
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
38
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (b. 1638)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19629,
9756428,
35146
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 14 Marc Hyacinthe de Rosmadec, French naval officer, appointed governor general of the French Antilles but died before taking office (b. 1635)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19676,
58445401,
35192
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
35
],
[
143,
147
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Jan Wyck, Dutch military painter (b. 1645)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19631,
20745874,
38607
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
17
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Zeb-un-Nissa, Mughal princess and poet, imprisoned by her father for the last 20 years of her life (b. 1638)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19648,
4093815,
35146
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
112,
116
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 Dominique Bouhours, French critic (b. 1628)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19624,
1799587,
35142
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 1 François Provost, career soldier from France who served in New France in 1665 (b. 1638)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15856,
18586646,
35146
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 2 John Moore, Member of Parliament for the City of London (b. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15855,
27171007,
35109
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
19
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 Benedetto Giacinto Sangermano, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1680–1702) (b. 1638)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15795,
54167473,
35146
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
38
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15818
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Leyburn, English Roman Catholic bishop, Vicar Apostolic of England (b. 1615)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
4955214,
35105
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ippolito Vicentini, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Rieti (1670–1702) (b. 1638)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
55220316,
35146
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Nanbu Shigenobu, Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15971,
54155509,
35106
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1671)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16091,
4024364,
35833
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
48
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 Vincent van der Vinne, Dutch Mennonite painter (b. 1628)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15892,
24007333,
35142
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
31
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 Sir William Courtenay, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1628)",
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1254,
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35142
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
45
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[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 Callinicus II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1630)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1333,
48613958,
35078
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
42
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[
87,
91
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 14 Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons and Prince of Savoy (b. 1657)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1417,
4387140,
34962
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[
1,
10
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12,
43
],
[
68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 15 Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (b. 1661)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1442,
24192949,
34588
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
39
],
[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 11 Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (b. 1635)",
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27935,
18178979,
35192
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
35
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58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Alfonso Basilio Ghetaldo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Stagno (1694–1702) (b. 1647)",
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28021,
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38608
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1,
13
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15,
39
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[
98,
102
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish architect (b. 1630)",
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27993,
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35078
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15,
28
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{
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{
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (b. 1657)",
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1,
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},
{
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22555
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1,
11
]
]
},
{
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113
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},
{
"plaintext": " Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. 1662)",
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1,
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78
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},
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"plaintext": " October 16 Francesco Casati, Roman Catholic prelate, Titular Archbishop of Trapezus (1670–1702) (b. 1620)",
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{
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22366
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11
]
]
},
{
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55040356,
34893
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1,
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78
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{
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32757749,
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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13,
31
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},
{
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11
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13,
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120
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},
{
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38610
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1,
11
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13,
24
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68
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},
{
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1,
11
],
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13,
47
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52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Dudley Bradstreet, American magistrate, Justice of the Peace of Andover (b. 1648)",
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21761,
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34685
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[
1,
12
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14,
31
],
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90,
94
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Gerrit de Heere, Governor of Dutch Ceylon during its Dutch period (b. 1657)",
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21581,
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34962
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
29
],
[
84,
88
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Nanbu Yukinobu, early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1642)",
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21578,
54156412,
34587
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
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[
75,
79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8",
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8194
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christopher Comstock, early settler of Norwalk (b. 1635)",
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39715288,
35192
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[
1,
21
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine, French nobleman and member of the House of Guise (b. 1643)",
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25267098,
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1,
32
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91
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bartolomeo Riberi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nicotera (1691–1702) (b. 1640)",
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1,
18
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Henry FitzJames, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill (b. 1673)",
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1,
12
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14,
29
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126
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl (b. 1663)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
53
],
[
84,
88
]
]
}
] | [
"1702"
] | 6,819 | 511 | 132 | 486 | 0 | 0 | 1702 | year | [] |
38,640 | 1,083,910,125 | 1704 | [
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},
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"plaintext": " Giancomo Miraldi observes Martian polar ice caps as \"white spots\" at the Martian poles.",
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15787
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " Soame Jenyns, English writer and Member of Parliament (d. 1787)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Newton, English cleric (d. 1782)",
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"plaintext": " January 6 Michael Becher, Bristol-born English slave trader and merchant (d. 1758)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 16 Finnur Jónsson, Icelandic pastor, Bishop of Skálholt from 1754 to 1785 (d. 1789)",
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1,
11
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13,
27
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88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (d. 1711)",
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1,
11
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49
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Francesco Appiani, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period (d. 1792)",
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15814,
10135198,
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1,
11
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[
13,
30
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79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Anna Susanne von der Osten, Danish courtier and philanthropist (d. 1773)",
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11359,
57911842,
35817
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1,
11
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13,
39
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80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont (d. 1722)",
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1,
11
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13,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 John Mercer, colonial American lawyer (d. 1768)",
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11021,
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1,
11
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13,
24
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 12",
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11158
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (d. 1772)",
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287153,
35818
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[
1,
21
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41,
45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jan Schreuder, 30th Governor of Zeylan during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d. 1764)",
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38750437,
34720
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1,
14
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78,
82
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 15",
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"target_page_ids": [
11020
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Aloysius Bellecius, Jesuit ascetic author (d. 1757)",
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6458815,
34900
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[
1,
19
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, French sculptor who worked in both the rococo and neoclassical style (d. 1778)",
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921472,
35814
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1,
22
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97,
101
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 17",
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"target_page_ids": [
11164
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marie-Madeleine Hachard, French letter writer and abbess of the Ursuline order (d. 1760)",
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41891973,
35824
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[
1,
24
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84,
88
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Józef Pułaski (d. 1769)",
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12579488,
35819
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[
1,
14
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19,
23
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German prince (d. 1767)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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6205206,
35230
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1,
43
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63,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, German physician and botanist (d. 1763)",
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11007,
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35822
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1,
12
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14,
39
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75,
79
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 28",
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"target_page_ids": [
11311
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis Godin, French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences (d. 1760)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
497328,
35824
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[
1,
12
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81,
85
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hans Hermann von Katte, Lieutenant of the Prussian Army (d. 1730)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1471054,
9098894,
34898
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[
1,
23
],
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43,
56
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61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 29 Phillips Payson, American Congregationalist minister for the town of Walpole (d. 1778)",
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10936,
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35814
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1,
12
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14,
29
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 6 John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward (d. 1774)",
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19865,
13491815,
34901
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1,
8
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10,
49
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 Josias Lyndon, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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20196,
31354507,
35814
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1,
9
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11,
24
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96,
100
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Lord Charles Cavendish (d. 1783)",
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20223,
4924229,
35523
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1,
9
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11,
33
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38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 21 Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1773)",
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20329,
25405414,
35817
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1,
9
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[
11,
61
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[
66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 1 Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, principal mistress of King George II from the mid-1730s (d. 1765)",
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1175,
19971323,
34870
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1,
8
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10,
52
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114,
118
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Andreas Brünniche, Danish portrait painter (d. 1769)",
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18951826,
38115444,
35819
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1,
8
],
[
10,
27
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 7 Guillaume-François Berthier, Jesuit professor and writer (d. 1782)",
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2735,
6458844,
34698
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1,
8
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[
10,
37
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (d. 1766)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2564,
1651129,
35821
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1,
9
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[
11,
25
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford (d. 1790)",
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1541,
13231602,
34916
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1,
9
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[
11,
46
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[
51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 17",
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1974
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Paolo Girolamo Besozzi, Italian oboe virtuoso and bassoonist (d. 1778)",
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36577283,
35814
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[
1,
23
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66,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Baptiste Chermanne, architect and businessman active in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Liège (d. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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58416073,
35076
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1,
24
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121,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Gabriel Manigault, American merchant (d. 1781)",
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2483,
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1,
9
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11,
28
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52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Arthur Denny, Irish politician (d. 1742)",
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1416,
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1,
9
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11,
23
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},
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"plaintext": " April 30 Jean Adam, Scottish poet from the labouring classes (d. 1765)",
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1011,
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1,
9
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11,
20
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Fath Muhammad, general of Mysore and the father of Hyder Ali (d. 1725)",
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19514,
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1,
6
],
[
8,
21
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
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19582,
385713,
35826
],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
27
],
[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Gaspare Testone, Italian painter and architect (d. 1801)",
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19353,
49348668,
34704
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[
1,
6
],
[
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23
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59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Jacques Dumont le Romain, French history and portrait painter (d. 1781)",
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19629,
26189919,
35490
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
33
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 1 Johann Baptist Straub (d. 1784)",
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15856,
9848060,
35802
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
30
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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19279145,
1215905,
8380114
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
],
[
92,
96
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (d. 1742)",
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15796,
840093,
34722
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 16 Edward Ward, 9th Baron Dudley (d. 1731)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15935,
23888191,
35852
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
39
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 John Kay, inventor of the flying shuttle (d. 1780)",
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15798,
883896,
35803
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
18
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 22 John Taylor, English classical scholar (d. 1766)",
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15857,
189686,
35821
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
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15812
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (d. 1771)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2702403,
35675
],
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[
1,
41
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Ward, English actor and theatre manager (d. 1773)",
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30010267,
35817
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Azad Bilgrami, scholar of Arabic (d. 1786)",
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15842,
25928693,
35800
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Michel de Sallaberry (d. 1768)",
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15849,
7525699,
35820
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
29
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 15 August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German theologian and minister (d. 1792)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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16088,
1824972,
34914
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
37
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (d. 1752)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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499331,
34869
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1259
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Catherine-Nicole Lemaure, French operatic soprano (d. 1786)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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57963788,
35800
],
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[
1,
25
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Benjamin Shoemaker, colonial Pennsylvania Quaker (d. 1767)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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5463213,
35230
],
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[
1,
19
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 5 William Allen, wealthy merchant (d. 1780)",
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1990,
539438,
35803
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Karl August von Bergen (d. 1759)",
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2192,
31040818,
35826
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
34
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 12 Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1774)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1491,
31316674,
34901
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
51
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 13 Alexis Fontaine des Bertins, French mathematician (d. 1771)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1129,
20196268,
35675
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
39
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe (d. 1774)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1499,
14013015,
34901
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
43
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 26",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6048708
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marie-Anne Barbel, French-Canadian Businesswomen who lived in New France (d. 1793)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
12469794,
35416
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Guy Michel de Durfort, French general and nobleman (d. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
38243839,
35817
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre L'Enfant, painter (d. 1787)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15114218,
34634
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
30,
34
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 3 Joseph de Jussieu, French botanist and explorer (d. 1779)",
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"target_page_ids": [
27989,
17556723,
35738
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Maurice Quentin de La Tour, French Rococo portraitist, working primarily with pastels (d. 1788)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27990,
899365,
34627
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
40
],
[
104,
108
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, son of Charles Hope (d. 1781)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27949,
10110114,
35490
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28021,
8703237,
8380114
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
60
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Isaac Basire, engraver, first in a family line of prolific and well-respected engravers (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28148,
32704141,
35820
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
27
],
[
107,
111
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Jacques de Lafontaine de Belcour, French entrepreneur with business ventures in New France (now Quebec) (d. 1765)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27889,
61908301,
34870
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
47
],
[
123,
127
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (d. 1763)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28202,
18863610,
35822
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
57
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 William French, Anglican priest (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28178,
56305646,
35801
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
29
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Johann Friedrich Cartheuser, German physician and naturalist (d. 1777)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28204,
33110360,
35815
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
42
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 29 John Byng, British admiral (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22435,
610025,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
22
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21460
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Erland Broman, Swedish official and noble (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
41996265,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Paul Daniel Longolius, German encyclopedist (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1681438,
35738
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21565
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Benjamin Goldthwait, British army officer in King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
42462132,
35823
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
20
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Samuel Pegge, English antiquary and clergyman (d. 1796)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
13414950,
34764
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch nobleman and politician (d. 1774)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21758,
38229214,
34901
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Charles Gautier de Vinfrais, French officer of the Royal venery (d. 1797)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21667,
51489496,
34747
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
40
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Adriaan van Royen, Dutch botanist (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21447,
18216280,
35738
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Charles Hamilton, MP (d. 1786)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21761,
8251526,
35800
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Giacopo Belgrado (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21726,
6529948,
34697
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 19",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21574
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
837516,
8380114
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Pococke (d. 1765)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2452211,
34870
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
21,
25
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Jacob Mossel (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21579,
20219823,
35823
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
31,
35
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 Anton de Haen, Austrian physician of Dutch ancestry (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8194,
13424986,
8380114
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8633
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Peter Kemble, American politician from the colonial period, President of the New Jersey Provincial Council from 1745 to 1776 (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
47273234,
34697
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
130,
134
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Edward Knatchbull, 7th Baronet (d. 1789)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21231780,
34697
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
35
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Lord George Beauclerk, British Army officer (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8360,
37842560,
35820
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (d. 1779)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8893,
41934384,
35738
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Carl Gotthelf Gerlach, German organist (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8204,
11021798,
35823
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 4 Giambattista Spinola, Italo-Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1615)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15982,
23332912,
35105
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
32
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 8 Lorenzo Bellini, Italian physician, anatomist (b. 1643)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15988,
1369324,
35220
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
27
],
[
62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
23751607
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francisco de la Puebla González, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1694–1704) (b. 1643)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
51745683,
35220
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
32
],
[
115,
119
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Willem Bastiaensz Schepers, Dutch admiral (b. 1619)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
61492208,
35108
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1627)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15791,
2725940,
35141
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
64
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (b. 1661)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11322,
1728613,
34588
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
61
],
[
88,
92
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]
},
{
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, German prince, ancestor of the cadet branch of the royal family of Bavaria (b. 1638)",
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{
"plaintext": " February 23",
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11008
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Steven Blankaart, Dutch entomologist (b. 1650)",
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17
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Marc-Antoine Charpentier, French composer (b. 1643)",
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38
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64
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer (b. 1620)",
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58
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},
{
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58
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]
},
{
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99
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},
{
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],
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (b. 1641)",
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63
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]
},
{
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1,
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31
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78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels, German nobleman (b. 1652)",
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34918
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[
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[
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]
},
{
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2224
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist (b. 1624)",
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1681951,
34585
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[
1,
12
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English politician and army officer (b. 1641)",
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1033824,
35202
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[
1,
33
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75,
79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (b. 1629)",
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],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
39
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)",
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35141
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 14",
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1862
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Fitch, founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1612)",
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39694327,
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],
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[
1,
13
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henderson Walker, Acting Deputy Governor of North Carolina from 1699 to 1704 (b. 1659)",
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36319005,
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],
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1,
17
],
[
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86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician and mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1628)",
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],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (b. 1638)",
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],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
36
],
[
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95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (b. 1629)",
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2195,
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35143
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 3 ",
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19350
],
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[
1,
6
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Austrian composer (b. 1644)",
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34860
],
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[
1,
27
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Estephan El Douaihy, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, historian (b. 1630)",
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14129922,
35078
],
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1,
20
],
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Sir John Cordell, 3rd Baronet, English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701 (b. 1677)",
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19353,
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[
1,
6
],
[
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37
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[
102,
106
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 Charles Thomas, Prince of Vaudémont (b. 1670)",
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 13 Louis Bourdaloue, French Jesuit preacher (b. 1632)",
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19675,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 15 Francis Pigott, English Baroque composer and organist (b. 1665)",
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19674,
47855243,
35095
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 David van der Plas, Dutch Golden Age portrait painter (b. 1647)",
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19389,
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38608
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania, ruler of Anhalt-Köthen (b. 1671)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19654,
19205384,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
51
],
[
119,
123
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Arthur Rose, Scottish minister (b. 1634)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15816,
11002076,
35191
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Tom Brown, English satirist (b. 1662)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15815,
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34688
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
19
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 27 Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg (b. 1679)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15801,
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38655
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
38
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 30 John Quelch, English pirate who had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year (b. 1666)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15843,
11767298,
36223
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
102,
106
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2 John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (b. 1634)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15846,
28621091,
35191
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
66
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 3 Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent (b. 1657)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15848,
761809,
34962
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
36
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. c. 1657)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15863,
842462,
34962
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
32
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia (b. 1657)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16018,
761809,
34962
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
38
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 17 Juan Manuel Mercadillo, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Córdoba (1695–1704) (b. 1643)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16089,
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35220
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 18 Benjamin Keach, English Particular Baptist preacher (b. 1640)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16090,
10501642,
34893
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15803,
920221,
35109
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
88,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Juan de Porras y Atienza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Coria (1684–1704) and Bishop of Ceuta (1681–1684) (b. 1627)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16040,
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35141
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
34
],
[
124,
128
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Francis Barlow, English painter (b. c. 1626)",
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"target_page_ids": [
2192,
1843887,
34586
],
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1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 14 Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)",
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1417,
617949,
38657
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19 Jane Leade, English Christian mystic (b. 1624)",
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1497,
7341565,
34585
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1,
10
],
[
12,
22
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[
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57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Francesco Provenzale, Italian Baroque composer and teacher (b. 1624)",
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27948,
1401715,
34585
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
77,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Maria Antonia Scalera Stellini, 17th-century Italian poet and playwright (b. 1634)",
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27532,
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35191
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1,
13
],
[
15,
45
],
[
92,
96
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 Alessandro Croce, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cremona (1697–1704) (b. 1650)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27651,
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34974
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
31
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[
104,
108
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 Carlo Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal and member of the Barberini family (b. 1630)",
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35078
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1,
10
],
[
12,
27
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28",
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22341
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Locke, English philosopher (b. 1632)",
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16143,
34990
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[
1,
11
],
[
37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Goodwin Wharton, British politician (b. 1653)",
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38610
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[
1,
16
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41,
45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1649)",
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36176
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1,
11
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[
13,
49
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[
97,
101
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1656)",
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21460,
19152207,
38613
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1,
11
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13,
52
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[
96,
100
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (b. 1654)",
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21805,
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36224
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1,
11
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[
13,
30
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Tommaso Guzzoni, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Sora (1681–1702) (b. 1632)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
28
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98,
102
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Chikka Devaraja, fourteenth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1673 to 1704 (b. 1645)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
29
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[
98,
102
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Charles Plumier, French botanist (b. 1646)",
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21575,
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35060
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1,
12
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14,
29
],
[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Countess Palatine Magdalena Claudia of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, daughter of the Count Palatine Christian II (b. 1668)",
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1,
12
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14,
87
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[
137,
141
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 Joan Huydecoper II, Dutch mayor (b. 1625)",
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] | [
"1704",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 6,824 | 832 | 140 | 464 | 0 | 0 | 1704 | year | [] |
38,641 | 1,095,849,269 | 1701 | [
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},
{
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1,
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11,
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},
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1,
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},
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1,
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11,
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},
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11,
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},
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1,
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},
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1,
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{
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},
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},
{
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]
]
},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter, England (d. 1754)",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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72
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},
{
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1,
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],
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15,
31
],
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105,
109
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France; governor of Trois-Rivières (d. 1778)",
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1,
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48
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]
},
{
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1,
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]
},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne (d. 1757)",
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48
],
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57
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]
},
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1,
13
],
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29
],
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 30 Enrico Enríquez, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1756)",
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],
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1,
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15,
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72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 3 Isaac Norris, merchant and statesman in provincial Pennsylvania (d. 1766)",
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],
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]
},
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1,
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13,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " October 18 Charles le Beau, French historical writer (d. 1778)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Jean-Baptiste de La Noue, French actor and playwright (d. 1760)",
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},
{
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1,
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],
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50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander (d. 1755)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
46
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines (d. 1776)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
36
],
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78,
82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Anton Gogeisl, German astronomer (d. 1771)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
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50,
54
]
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},
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32
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80
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},
{
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1,
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31
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59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 or 1702 Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (d. 1785)",
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1,
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15,
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21,
34
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Jean-Baptiste Malter, French dancer and dance master (d. 1746)",
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1,
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13,
33
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74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Johann Joseph Couven, German Baroque architect (d. 1763)",
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1,
12
],
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14,
34
],
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 21 John Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Trerice (d. 1768)",
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21576,
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1,
12
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14,
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63,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (d. 1744)",
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21448,
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1,
12
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14,
28
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 28",
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21579
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " James Burrow, British scholar (d. 1782)",
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[
1,
13
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39
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Daniel Wray, English antiquary and Fellow of the Royal Society (d. 1783)",
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},
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11
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27
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 Ignatius of Laconi (d. 1781)",
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1,
12
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14,
32
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37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Charles Goore, English merchant and politician (d. 1783)",
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35523
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1,
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14,
27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Olof Arenius, Swedish portrait painter (d. 1766)",
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1,
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14,
26
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 Bernard of Bologna, Italian theologian (d. 1770)",
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1,
12
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14,
32
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57,
61
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 21",
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8850
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1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis Daniel Arnault de Nobleville, French physician and naturalist (d. 1778)",
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35814
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Guillaume Taraval, French painter (d. 1750)",
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35809
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1,
18
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39,
43
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},
{
"plaintext": " Taylor White, British judge (d. 1772)",
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35818
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1,
13
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33,
37
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 3",
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15789
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Fernand Palma d'Artois, Vicar Apostolic of Great Mogul and Titular Archbishop of Ancyra (b. 1623)",
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56015090,
34687
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[
1,
23
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (b. 1642)",
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34587
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1,
26
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50,
54
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 4",
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15982
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luís de Sousa, cardinal (b. 1630)",
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44981031,
35078
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1,
14
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29,
33
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1638)",
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1858835,
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 6 Toussaint Rose, French writer (b. 1611)",
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1,
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12,
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46,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (b. 1628)",
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16192,
325139,
35142
],
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1,
11
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13,
31
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 Domenico Belisario de Bellis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Molfetta (1696–1701) (b. 1647)",
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15920,
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1,
11
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13,
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106
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 18 Sir John Fagg, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1627)",
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1,
11
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39
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 James Graham, English born colonial American politician (b. 1650)",
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15866,
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34974
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1,
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 Savo Millini, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1644)",
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14,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 15 François de Clermont-Tonnerre, French aristocrat and cleric (b. 1629)",
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11020,
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1,
12
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14,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (b. 1661)",
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11310,
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1,
12
],
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14,
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56,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (b. 1624)",
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1,
9
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11,
33
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1646)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Thomas van Rhee, Governor of Dutch Ceylon (b. 1634)",
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20587,
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11,
26
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1655)",
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10,
43
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48,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Joseph Haines, English entertainer and author",
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[
10,
23
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{
"plaintext": " April 8 Alexander Sforza, Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea in Ponto and Apostolic Nuncio to Savoy (b. 1658)",
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109
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 18 Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, (1662–1701) (b. 1641)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (b. 1667)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Fernando de Carvajal y Ribera, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Santo Domingo (b. 1632)",
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2734,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 8",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey, English noble (b. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jacob de Heusch, Dutch painter (b. 1656)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 Niwa Mitsushige, Edo period Japanese samurai, 2nd Niwa daimyō of Shirakawa Domain and the 1st Niwa daimyō of Nihonmatsu Domain (b. 1622)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 20",
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1663)",
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32431547,
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1,
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94,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Merseburg (b. 1634)",
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36840312,
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1,
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95,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 23",
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19655
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Captain William Kidd, Scottish privateer (b. 1645)",
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7119,
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[
1,
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46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anne Hilarion de Tourville, French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV (b. 1642)",
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449931,
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Danish-German princess (b. 1633)",
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1,
7
],
[
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89,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon, 17th-century English politician and Jacobite (b. 1650)",
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1,
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9,
52
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103,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 2",
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15855
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1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1607)",
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[
1,
21
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41,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Stanisławska, Polish author and poet known for her sole work (b. 1651)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 Charles Cotterell, English courtier (b. 1615)",
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26
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife (b. 1640)",
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
36
],
[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville (b. 1655)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
44
],
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49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Pier Matteo Petrucci, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1636)",
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[
1,
7
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29
],
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)",
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1,
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[
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26
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Giovanni Battista Nepita, Bishop of Massa Lubrense and Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia (b. 1624)",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 Lorenzo Kreutter de Corvinis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vieste (1697–1701) (b. 1658)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 Justus Danckerts, Dutch artist (b. 1635)",
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1,
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10,
26
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49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 6 William Hedges, the first governor of the East India Company (b. 1632)",
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11,
25
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 20 Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright (b. 1639)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (b. 1628)",
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1,
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 Samuel Chappuzeau, French scholar (b. 1625)",
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (b. 1661)",
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1,
12
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14,
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72,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 Edmé Boursault, French writer (b. 1638)",
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1,
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15,
29
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 James II of England, King of England and Ireland, and of Scotland (as James VII) (b. 1633)",
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1,
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest (b. 1631)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 19 Walter Moyle, English politician (b. 1627)",
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1,
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Bernard Granville, courtier of King Charles II and MP (b. 1631)",
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1,
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 28 Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman (b. 1632)",
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 3 Joseph Williamson, English politician (b. 1633)",
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1,
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[
12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray, Scottish nobleman (b. 1634)",
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1,
11
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician (b. c. 1659)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 9 Hui-bin Jang, Korean royal consort (b. 1659)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
11
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Maurizio Bertone, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Fossano (1678–1701) (b. 1639)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Carlo Labia, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Adria and Archbishop of Corfù (b. 1624)",
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14,
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92,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (b. 1660)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet, Scottish landowner (b. 1659)",
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}
] | [
"1701"
] | 6,814 | 822 | 147 | 446 | 0 | 0 | 1701 | year | [] |
38,642 | 1,099,817,998 | 1700 | [
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"plaintext": " As of March 1 (O.S. February 19), where then Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until February 28 (O.S. February 17), 1800.",
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"plaintext": "In Sweden, the year started in the Julian calendar and remained so until February 28. Then, by skipping the leap day, the Swedish calendar was introduced, letting February 28 be followed by March 1, giving the entire year the same pattern as a common year starting on Monday. This calendar, being ten days behind the Gregorian and one day ahead of the Julian, lasts until 1712.",
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"plaintext": "<onlyinclude>",
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"plaintext": " January 1 – Protestant nations in Western Europe, except England, start using the Gregorian calendar. Catholic nations had been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.",
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{
"plaintext": " January 1 (Julian) (January 11, Gregorian)– The Tsardom of Russia begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ (Anno Domini), instead of since the Creation (Anno Mundi).",
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"plaintext": " January 26 – At approximately 9p.m., the Cascadia earthquake occurs, with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. This megathrust earthquake ruptures about of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and causes a tsunami, that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.",
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"plaintext": " February 3 – The 'Lesser Great Fire' destroys a substantial part of central Edinburgh, Scotland.",
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"plaintext": " February 27 – The island of New Britain is discovered by William Dampier, in the western Pacific.",
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{
"plaintext": " March 1 (Gregorian) – Protestant Germany and Denmark–Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " March 1 (Swedish), March 11 (Gregorian), February 29 (Julian) – The Swedish calendar is adopted.",
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{
"plaintext": " March 3 - Shivaji II accedes to the throne of the Maratha Empire as the 4th Chhatrapati after his father Rajaram I's death. ",
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"plaintext": " Within a few days of John Dryden's death (May 1 O.S.), his last written work (The Secular Masque) is performed as part of Vanbrugh's version of The Pilgrim.",
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"plaintext": " May – In Rhode Island (American colony), Walter Clarke, three term former Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is elected deputy governor for the second time, serving under his brother-in-law Samuel Cranston.",
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"plaintext": " July 24 - Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invading Zealand (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace. ",
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"plaintext": " September 6 – Edmond Halley returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on the ship Paramour and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in General Chart of the Variation of the Compass.",
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"plaintext": " September 27 – Pope Innocent XII dies at the age of 85 after a tenure of more than nine years. Fabrizio Spada, the Cardinal Secretary of State, assumes administration of the Roman Catholic Church in order to oversee the election of a new Pope.",
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"plaintext": " November 15 – Louis XIV accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou, who becomes Philip V of Spain (to 1746), thus triggering the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714).",
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"plaintext": " November 18 – Lithuanian Civil War Battle of Valkininkai: The anti-Sapieha coalition is victorious.",
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"plaintext": " November 23 – Giovanni Francesco Albani, having been ordained as a Roman Catholic priest only two months earlier, is elected by the Papal conclave to succeed Pope Innocent XII, and becomes the 243rd pope, taking the name of Clement XI.",
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"plaintext": " November 30 (November 19 O.S.; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva, Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army.",
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"plaintext": " December 8 – The formal coronation of Pope Clement XI takes place in Rome.",
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"plaintext": " December 28 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester, Lord President of the Council in charge of the Privy Council, is appointed to the additional job of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the highest Crown official in charge of administration of Ireland, .",
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"plaintext": " December 30 (December 19, O.S.) – The 4th Parliament of King William III is dissolved and new elections are ordered by the King.",
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"plaintext": " Mission San Xavier del Bac is founded in New Spain near Tucson, as a Spanish Roman Catholic mission. The mission's location had first been scouted by the Spanish in 1692 according to most historians.",
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"plaintext": " An inventory made for the House of Medici of Florence is the first documentary evidence for a piano, invented by their instrument keeper Bartolomeo Cristofori.",
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"plaintext": " An English translation of the novel Don Quixote, \"translated from the original by many hands and published by Peter Motteux\", begins publication in London. While popular among readers, it will eventually come to be known as one of the worst translations of the novel, totally betraying the spirit of Miguel de Cervantes's masterpiece.",
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"plaintext": " The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy is £3.9million.",
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"plaintext": " Lions become extinct in Libya.",
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"plaintext": " January 8 Augustyn Mirys, Polish painter (d. 1790)",
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"plaintext": " February 28 Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan (d. 1758)",
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"plaintext": " March 3",
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"plaintext": " March 4 Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes, grandson of Louis XIV of France and of his maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1755)",
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"plaintext": " Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (d. 1777)",
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35815
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1,
13
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58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " James Kent, English organist and composer (d. 1776)",
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8380114
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1,
11
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51
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{
"plaintext": " Jób Viczay, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1734)",
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1,
11
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36,
40
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora, Portuguese noblewoman (d. 1759)",
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19635,
33071700,
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[
1,
9
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11,
59
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[
87,
91
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},
{
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35618601,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
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31,
35
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis (d. 1762)",
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20586,
29660514,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
50
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Thomas Pichon (d. 1781)",
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19849,
37792089,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
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[
29,
33
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Christophe Moyreau, French Baroque composer (d. 1774)",
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18951826,
3784166,
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],
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
28
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[
58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 30",
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1011
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (d. 1739)",
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1526613,
35846
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[
1,
44
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Percy Freke (d. 1728)",
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37486937,
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[
1,
12
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[
17,
21
]
]
},
{
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[
1,
6
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[
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47
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Giuseppe Peroni, Italian painter (d. 1776)",
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11375924,
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
23
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 7 Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (d. 1772)",
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19582,
1424660,
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
26
],
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53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773)",
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19497,
884795,
35817
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
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19676,
1638292,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
20
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
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19632,
926311,
35076
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 Michel-François Dandré-Bardon, French history painter and etcher (d. 1785)",
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19660,
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35801
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
38
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, German religious and social reformer (d. 1760)",
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19648,
181171,
35824
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
35
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 Robert Shirley, British Tory politician (d. 1738)",
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19624,
42605177,
35847
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf, Austrian nobleman and courtier (d. 1756)",
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19654,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
43
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Stephen Bayard, 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747 (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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19653,
11815862,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 3 Karen Huitfeldt (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15854,
57911913,
35814
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
29,
33
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 8 Georg Wilhelm von Driesen, lieutenant general in Frederick the Great's Prussian army and a county commission of Osterrode (Ostróda) (d. 1758)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15864,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
34
],
[
145,
149
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Ewald Georg von Kleist, German jurist (d. 1748)",
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15805,
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35839
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 16 Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peer (d. 1775)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15935,
30258542,
35816
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Charles, Count of Charolais, French noble (d. 1760)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15817,
20641943,
35824
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
37
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 Peter Faneuil, wealthy American colonial merchant (d. 1743)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15818,
5694735,
34596
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 William Boys, Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief (d. 1774)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15799,
44932015,
34901
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 26",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15800
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Dana, prominent lawyer and politician in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1772)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
30444688,
35818
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joaquín de Montserrat, 1st Marquess of Cruillas (d. 1771)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
5221155,
35675
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
48
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 11 Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend (d. 1764)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15873,
3203357,
34720
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
51
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Claude-Antoine de Bermen de La Martinière, Quebec-born son of Claude de Bermen de la Martinière (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15971,
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35823
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
51
],
[
110,
114
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, French physician (d. 1782)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15803,
2144935,
34698
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
40
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Peter Joseph Kofler, mayor of Vienna (d. 1764)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15968,
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34720
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 13 Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1129,
586017,
35822
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
37
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Clemens August of Bavaria, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1490,
51113,
35823
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
37
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1496
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Baji Rao I, general of the Maratha Empire in India (d. 1740)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
239318,
35845
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lars Pinnerud, Norwegian farmer and woodcarver (d. 1762)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
39334733,
34977
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 23 Hans Caspar von Krockow, Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1628,
52934519,
35826
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
35
],
[
108,
112
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1013
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
4876694,
35801
],
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[
1,
38
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Carl Hårleman, Swedish architect (d. 1753)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1441175,
35827
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 Christian August von Eyben, German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of Lübeck (d. 1785)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1794,
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35801
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
38
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Claude-Nicolas Le Cat, French surgeon (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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27948,
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35820
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28544,
4155973,
35803
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
60
],
[
101,
105
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 11 James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)",
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27935,
275302,
35839
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
28
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, French ecclesiastic (d. 1784)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28145,
22801408,
35802
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
41
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28148
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Benedict Leonard Calvert, 15th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731 (d. 1732)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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12263945,
35674
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
25
],
[
92,
96
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1765)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19266891,
34870
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
44
],
[
88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 Gaetano Zompini, Italian printmaker and engraver (d. 1778)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28203,
9240989,
35814
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
30
],
[
68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1758)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28204,
31702557,
35408
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
52
],
[
104,
108
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 30 Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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27843,
1909490,
35817
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
33
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 6 Philip Morant (d. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22542,
5829989,
35076
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
25
],
[
30,
34
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 7 Henry Moore, 4th Earl of Drogheda (d. 1727)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22446,
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35854
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[
1,
10
],
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12,
45
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[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 George Hazard (d. 1738)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22549,
31699093,
35847
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
25
],
[
30,
34
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor born in Nancy (d. 1759)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22367,
2368024,
35826
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
35
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 Phanuel Bacon, English playwright (d. 1783)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22554,
4698071,
35523
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d. 1761)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22442,
10010483,
35823
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 23 Samuel Dexter, minister from Dedham (d. 1755)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22572,
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34961
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Marten Schagen, Dutch Mennonite bookseller (d. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22345,
34335213,
35076
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Peter Jacob Horemans, Flemish painter of genre scenes (d. 1776)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22403,
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8380114
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
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[
71,
75
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet (d. 1778)",
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},
{
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1,
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54,
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]
},
{
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21798,
17871198,
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],
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
64
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[
86,
90
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]
},
{
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21574,
1925203,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
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],
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66,
70
]
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},
{
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21576,
29447766,
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1,
12
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[
14,
46
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[
98,
102
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]
},
{
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21522,
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34596
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
46
],
[
51,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28",
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21579
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (d. 1764)",
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379898,
34720
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[
1,
16
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (d. 1770)",
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4078142,
35076
],
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[
1,
41
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philip Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (d. 1749)",
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27957436,
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],
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[
1,
37
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 4 Agnes Wilhelmine von Wuthenau, German noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Louis (d. 1725)",
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1,
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[
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[
103,
107
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 Anthony Malone, Irish lawyer and politician (d. 1776)",
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8353,
40867958,
8380114
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 George Heathcote, English merchant and philanthropist and Tory politician (d. 1768)",
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8144,
32411607,
35820
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (d. 1777)",
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8194,
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35815
],
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
36
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Michael Ranft, Protestant Lutheran pastor (d. 1774)",
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8589,
50558651,
34901
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (d. 1788)",
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8849,
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34627
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
52
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[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (d. 1751)",
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8270,
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35828
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
49
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Polish magnate official (d. 1772)",
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1369943,
35818
],
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[
1,
26
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ivan Ranger, Austrian painter (d. 1753)",
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469697,
35827
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquary (b. 1618)",
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15987,
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34909
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
30
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 Marguerite Bourgeoys, French founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, in the colony of New France (b. 1620)",
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16112,
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159828,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
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33
],
[
35,
41
],
[
57,
95
],
[
114,
124
],
[
129,
133
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, English politician (b. 1629)",
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23751607,
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35143
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
49
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 Clara Elisabeth von Platen, German noblewoman (b. 1648)",
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15813,
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34685
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 John Bramston the Younger, English lawyer and MP (b. 1611)",
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11359,
26463103,
34992
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Louis Maracci, Italian priest (b. 1612)",
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11119,
14328253,
35098
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Aleksei Shein, Russian commander and statesman (b. 1662)",
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"target_page_ids": [
11158,
932038,
34688
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (b. 1646)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
10930,
1217989,
35060
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
52
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Jankibai, Empress consort of the Maratha Empire as the first wife of Rajaram Chhatrapati (b. 1675)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19516,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
18
],
[
20,
35
],
[
43,
57
],
[
79,
98
],
[
103,
107
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 3",
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19633
],
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Chhatrapati Rajaram Raje Bhonsale, 3rd Maratha Emperor (b. 1670)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2667009,
35082
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
13,
34
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Girolamo Casanata, Italian cardinal (b. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15463566,
35109
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Lorenzo Pasinelli, Italian painter (b. 1629)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20315,
8994896,
35143
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 William Dunlop, Covenanter (b. c. 1654)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20053,
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36224
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Henry Killigrew, English clergyman and playwright (b. 1613)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20199,
869177,
35100
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Francesco Scannagatta, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (b. 1632)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20273,
51323405,
34990
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
32
],
[
95,
99
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 26 Heinrich Meibom, German physician and scholar (b. 1638)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20427,
8934458,
35146
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 1",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19348
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French administrator, diplomat and ambassador to Venetian Republic (b. 1623)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20390512,
34687
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
40
],
[
113,
117
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (b. 1634)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16224459,
35191
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 Angelo Italia, Sicilian architect (b. 1628)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19352,
40477911,
35142
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
8,
21
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 John Dryden, English poet and dramatist (b. 1631)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19497,
59378,
35161
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
20
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 15",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19674
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Hale, American witch hunter (b. 1636)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1040666,
34935
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Hale, Puritan pastor of Beverly (b. 1636)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1040666,
34935
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 Teofil Rutka, Polish philosopher (b. 1622)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19389,
26776229,
34973
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 23 Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (b. 1631)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19655,
1658155,
35161
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
18
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Jan Six, important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1618)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19672,
5776433,
34909
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
16
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Agostino Scilla, Italian painter and scientist (b. 1629)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19653,
3231511,
35143
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 Richard Gilpin, English nonconformist minister and physician (b. 1625)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15818,
25806126,
35140
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Olov Svebilius, Swedish priest and professor (b. 1624)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15842,
1759378,
34585
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15846
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lambert Doomer, Dutch Golden Age landscape painter (b. 1624)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28193648,
34585
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1656)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
26880042,
38613
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
34
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hoshina Masakage, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
14062268,
84512,
35106
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
28,
34
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Silvestro Valier, 109th Doge of Venice (b. 1630)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15863,
24263459,
35078
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes and genre scenes (b. 1630)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
25669762,
35078
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
31
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (b. 1655)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
495149,
36177
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
36
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 (found dead) Thomas Creech, English translator of classical works, headmaster of Sherborne School (b. 1659)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16091,
997020,
38617
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
23,
36
],
[
112,
116
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Alderano Cybo, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1613)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15996,
29068076,
35100
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 30 Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, member of the English royal family (b. 1689)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15911,
1560672,
36185
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
44
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuchsamberg Amblimont, French naval officer, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1490,
58435010,
34587
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
57
],
[
125,
129
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican academic (b. 1645)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1012,
5009348,
38607
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
40
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 Sir Richard Cust, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1794,
8617686,
34973
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
41
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[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax (b. 1665)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1711,
4583717,
35095
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
51
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"plaintext": " November 26 Tokugawa Mitsutomo, daimyō of Owari Domain during early Edo period Japan (b. 1625)",
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"plaintext": " December 13 Inoha Seihei, bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom (b. 1648)",
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"plaintext": " December 15 Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lérida (1699–1700) (b. 1643)",
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"plaintext": " December 18 Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1624)",
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"plaintext": " December 20 Mary Bradbury, accused witch in Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1615)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown",
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{
"plaintext": " Caius Gabriel Cibber, Danish sculptor working in England (b. 1630)",
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"plaintext": " Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (b. 1645)",
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"1700"
] | 6,813 | 2,366 | 125 | 672 | 0 | 0 | 1700 | year | [] |
38,643 | 1,063,675,550 | 1698 | [
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"plaintext": " January 1 The Abenaki tribe and the Massachusetts colonists sign a treaty, ending the conflict in New England.",
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"plaintext": " January 23 George Louis (who in 1714 will become King George I of Great Britain) becomes Elector of Hanover upon the death of his father, Ernest Augustus. Because the widow of Ernest Augustus, George's mother Sophia, was heiress presumptive as the cousin of Anne, Queen of Great Britain, and Anne's closest eligible heir, George will become King of Great Britain.",
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"plaintext": " March 8 The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the oldest Anglican mission organization in the world, is founded by English clergyman Thomas Bray and four other people at Lincoln's Inn in London, along with Sir Humphrey Mackworth, Maynard Colchester, Lord Guilford and John Hooke.",
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"plaintext": " March English Bishop Jeremy Collier publishes his pamphlet A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage, accusing several contemporary playwrights of undermining public morality in their popular comedies by using profanity, blasphemy and indecency.",
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"plaintext": " March Samuel Cranston becomes the governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (now the U.S. state of Rhode Island) and goes on to serve for the next 29 years until his death on April 26, 1727.",
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"plaintext": " May 4 At the imperial capital at Inwa, Sanay Min of the Toungoo dynasty becomes the new King of Burma upon the death of his father, Minye Kyawhtin.",
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"plaintext": " July 7 The English House of Commons is dissolved, and new elections are held between July 19 and August 10 for a parliament to be summoned on August 24. ",
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"plaintext": " July 14 Darien scheme: The first Scottish settlers leave for an ill-fated colony in Panama.",
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"plaintext": " July 25 English engineer Thomas Savery obtains a patent for a steam pump.",
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"plaintext": " August 24 King William III opens the newly elected House of Commons at Westminster. ",
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"plaintext": " August 25 Peter the Great arrives back in Moscow; General Patrick Gordon has already crushed the Streltsy Uprising, with 341 rebels sentenced to be decapitated (tradition holds that tsar Peter decapitated some of them himself).",
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"plaintext": " September 5 ",
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"plaintext": "In an effort to move his people away from Asiatic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards: all men except priests and peasants are required to pay a tax of either 100 or 60 rubles a year, depending upon status; peasants are required to pay two half kopecks each time they enter a city.",
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"plaintext": "A charter is granted by King William III of England to the new East India Company of England, called \"the New Company\" or \"the English Company\" to break the monopoly that has existed in India since 1689 with the existing British East India Company, after lobbying by traders who were not members of the B.E.I.C. ",
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"plaintext": " October 11 The Treaty of the Hague is signed between the Dutch Republic, England and France.",
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"plaintext": " October 24 Iberville and Bienville sail from Brest to the Gulf of Mexico, to defend the southern borders of New France; they will eventually found three capitals of Louisiana (New France), as the future American cities of Mobile, Biloxi & New Orleans.* ",
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"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"plaintext": " October An edict by King Louis XIV establishes an office of police magistrate in almost ever village in France, with the title of lieutenant general de police created, providing for nationwide law enforcement. ",
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"plaintext": " December 20 Peter the Great orders the Russian New Year changed, from 1 September to 1 January.",
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Fernando de Meneses, 2nd Count of Ericeira, Portuguese noble (b. 1614)",
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " Lodewijck Huygens, Dutch diplomat (b. 1631)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Tokugawa Tsunanari, Japanese daimyō (b. 1652)",
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},
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},
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10,
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},
{
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1,
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[
36,
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[
66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 6 Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b. 1648)",
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1,
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11,
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45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 13 Marco d'Aviano, Italian Capuchin friar (b. 1631)",
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35161
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1,
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[
12,
26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19 José Saenz d'Aguirre, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1630)",
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1,
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12,
32
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68
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Lucrezia Barberini, Duchess of Modena (b. 1628)",
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1,
10
],
[
12,
30
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58
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 25 Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1646)",
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[
1,
10
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12,
23
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer, German jurist (b. 1635)",
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35192
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
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57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Augustus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg (b. 1635)",
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1,
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15,
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80,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Simon Arnauld de Pomponne, French diplomat and minister (b. 1618)",
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3541527,
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1,
13
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[
15,
40
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[
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79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 George Evelyn, English politician (b. 1617)",
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1,
10
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12,
25
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Mary Beale, British artist (b. 1633)",
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1,
10
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12,
22
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 2 Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2nd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (b. 1652)",
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1,
11
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13,
59
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[
84,
88
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Joseph Beaumont, British academic and poet (b. 1616)",
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1,
12
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14,
29
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[
61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Patrick Gordon, Scottish general (b. 1635)",
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1,
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14,
28
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Sigmund von Erlach, Swiss politician (b. 1614)",
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1,
11
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31
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 John Francis Desideratus, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1652–1699) (b. 1627)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Every, English pirate (b. 1659)",
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37
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]
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] | [
"1699"
] | 7,710 | 1,057 | 124 | 262 | 0 | 0 | 1699 | year | [] |
38,645 | 1,104,929,601 | 1696 | [
{
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55,
62
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71
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 Antoine Court, French Huguenot minister (d. 1760) ",
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59
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Francesca Cuzzoni, Italian operatic soprano (d. 1778)",
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{
"plaintext": " June 11 Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (d. 1758)",
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36
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 27 William Pepperrell, English colonial soldier (d. 1759)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
28
],
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)",
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1,
8
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 24 Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire (d. 1770)",
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10,
27
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Samuel Whittemore, American farmer and oldest known colonial combatant of the American Revolution (d. 1793)",
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1973,
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1,
8
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[
10,
27
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[
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107
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[
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116
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1754)",
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1,
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11,
19
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21,
35
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40,
44
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 12 Maurice Greene, English composer (d. 1755)",
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1,
10
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12,
26
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 Alphonsus Liguori, Italian founder of the Redemptorist Order (d. 1787)",
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1,
13
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15,
32
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80,
84
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Chen Hongmou, Chinese scholar and philosopher (d. 1771)",
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1,
11
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13,
25
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67
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)",
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22554,
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1,
11
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13,
42
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81
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 2 Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Iroquois Confederacy (d. 1760)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
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[
61,
81
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[
86,
90
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia as a colony (d. 1785)",
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1,
12
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[
14,
30
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[
100,
104
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Christine Kirch, German astronomer (d. 1782)",
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1,
16
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40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Carlo Zimech, Maltese priest and painter (d. 1766)",
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1,
13
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 Charles Albanel, French missionary explorer in Canada (b. 1616)",
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1,
11
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13,
28
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[
71,
75
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},
{
"plaintext": " February Ahom King Supaatphaa or Gadadhar Singha ",
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7549182
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1,
9
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[
11,
15
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[
21,
31
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[
35,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, English soldier (b. 1613)",
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1,
11
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13,
46
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 8 Tsar Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666)",
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36223
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1,
11
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18,
34
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[
39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Giovanni Pietro Bellori, Italian art historian (b. 1613)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
37
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Jean Domat, French jurist (b. 1625)",
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
21
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[
41,
45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 16 Louis Laneau, French bishop active in the kingdom of Siam (b. 1637)",
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1,
9
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11,
23
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[
73,
77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, French noble (b. 1646)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
41
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Stadholder of Friesland and Groningen (b. 1657)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
51
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95,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, French writer (b. 1626)",
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1,
9
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 Simon Foucher, French polemicist (b. 1644)",
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1,
9
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11,
24
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[
48,
52
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Robert Plot, British naturalist (b. 1640)",
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[
1,
9
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11,
22
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Jean de La Bruyère, French writer (b. 1645)",
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1,
7
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9,
27
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16 Mariana of Austria, queen consort of Spain (b. 1634)",
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
27
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56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau, Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (1664–1679) (b. 1634)",
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1,
7
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[
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43
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[
104,
108
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, First Lord of the British Admiralty (b. 1638)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
39
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[
81,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Heinrich Schwemmer, German music teacher and composer (b. 1621)",
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9,
27
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67,
71
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38,646 | 1,091,889,752 | 1694 | [
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"plaintext": " January 16 Francesco Morosini, the Doge of Venice since 1688, dies after ruling the Republic for more than five years and a few months after an unsuccessful attempt to capture the island of Negropont from the Ottoman Empire during the Morean War.",
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"plaintext": " Rascians establish the settlement which will become Novi Sad on the Danube.",
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11,
23
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50
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
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602623,
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13
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15,
56
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103
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]
},
{
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1,
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15,
27
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29,
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[
70,
74
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]
},
{
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55,
59
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]
},
{
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21726,
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12
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14,
29
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70,
74
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]
},
{
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1,
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14,
22
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51
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]
},
{
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21579,
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1,
12
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14,
46
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
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178248,
35820
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1,
12
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14,
37
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77
]
]
},
{
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1891978,
36373
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1,
10
],
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12,
47
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76
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]
},
{
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11021,
10463095
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1,
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13,
20
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]
},
{
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[
1,
10
],
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12,
52
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95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 10 Andrew Balfour, Scottish doctor (b. 1630)",
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35078
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1,
11
],
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13,
27
],
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49,
53
]
]
},
{
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35108
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1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
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70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 19 François Marie, Prince of Lillebonne, French nobleman and member of the House of Lorraine (b. 1624)",
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26437099,
34585
],
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
49
],
[
107,
111
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 John Louis of Elderen, Bishop of Liege (b. 1620)",
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35109
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1,
11
],
[
13,
34
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[
36,
51
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Natalya Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (b. 1651)",
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1192486,
36373
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1,
11
],
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13,
31
],
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56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières, French writer (b. 1638)",
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30855906,
35146
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
59
],
[
79,
83
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Charles Scarborough, English physician, mathematician (b. 1615)",
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6181429,
35105
],
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1,
12
],
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14,
33
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Vittoria della Rovere, Italian noble (b. 1622)",
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
31
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 John Conant, English theologian, clergyman, and academic administrator (b. 1608)",
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34591
],
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1,
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11,
22
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90
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Nicolás de Villacis, Spanish painter (b. 1616)",
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1,
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10,
29
],
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 John Swinfen, English politician (b. 1613)",
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11,
23
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52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 16 Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé, French noblewoman (b. 1628)",
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1,
9
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11,
42
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70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 John George IV, Elector of Saxony (b. 1668)",
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1,
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11,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland, English politician (b. 1656)",
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38613
],
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1,
7
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[
9,
47
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[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 2 Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna, Spanish duke (b. 1625)",
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35140
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1,
7
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[
9,
47
],
[
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70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Philip Howard, English Catholic Cardinal (b. 1629)",
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15798,
1904423,
35143
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Juan de Santiago y León Garabito, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Guadalajara and Bishop of Puerto Rico (b. 1641)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15971,
48970694,
35202
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
],
[
122,
126
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 Antoine Arnauld, French philosopher and mathematician (b. 1612)",
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1333,
228442,
35098
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22",
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1012
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maria Sofia De la Gardie, Swedish countess and industrialist (b. 1627)",
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21222903,
35141
],
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[
1,
25
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bernard of Offida, Italian saint (b. 1604)",
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23125450,
35084
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[
1,
18
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[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 10 Thomas Lloyd, Quaker preacher of provincial Pennsylvania (b. 1640)",
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28020,
11737457,
34893
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
27
],
[
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80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)",
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22555,
183563,
34990
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1630)",
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21526,
155792,
2345,
35078
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1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
30,
54
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer (b. 1605)",
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21580,
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35085
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Matsuo Bashō, Japanese poet (b. 1644)",
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21579,
90625,
34860
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician (b. 1628)",
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"target_page_ids": [
21578,
20428,
35142
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Pierre Puget, French artist (b. 1622)",
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8356,
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34973
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1,
11
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13,
25
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 William Beecher, English politician (b. 1628)",
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8353,
36161355,
35142
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Tiberio Fiorilli, Italian-born actor (b. 1608)",
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[
1,
11
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13,
29
],
[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Paolo Segneri, Italian Jesuit (b. 1624)",
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34585
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1,
11
],
[
13,
26
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[
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma from 1646 until his death (b. 1630)",
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8396,
1425682,
35078
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
],
[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 Erasmus Finx, German polymath (b. 1627)",
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8849,
6598134,
35141
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
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[
48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Queen Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1662)",
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34688
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1,
12
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20,
38
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown'' Hafız Post, Turkish musician",
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28012636
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
17,
27
]
]
}
] | [
"1694"
] | 7,694 | 488 | 126 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 1694 | year | [] |
38,647 | 1,094,693,999 | 1693 | [
{
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35845
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1,
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 James Quin, English actor (d. 1766)",
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35821
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1,
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48
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 7 Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 16 Malhar Rao Holkar, Indian nobleman (d. 1766)",
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11,
28
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 John Harrison, English clockmaker (d. 1776)",
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1,
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11,
24
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 George Edwards, English naturalist (d. 1773)",
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35817
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (d. 1775)",
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15798,
180792,
35816
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[
1,
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10,
28
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56
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 21 Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1768)",
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10,
53
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[
55,
91
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[
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100
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 Laurent Belissen, French composer (d. 1762)",
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34977
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1,
9
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11,
27
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 3 Charles Radclyffe, British politician (d. 1746)",
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35841
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1,
12
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1768)",
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157927,
2345,
35820
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1,
13
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15,
28
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[
30,
54
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[
59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, daughter of Louis (d. 1775)",
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21526,
16763858,
35816
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1,
12
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14,
41
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Heyat Mahmud, Bengali poet (d. 1760)",
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35824
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15,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 6 Mehmed IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)",
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Federico Visconti, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1617)",
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{
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},
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and later of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (b. 1623)",
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{
"plaintext": " May 3 Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French courtier (b. 1607)",
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{
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{
"plaintext": " May 8 Jan Verkolje, Dutch painter (b. 1650)",
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{
"plaintext": " May 25 Madame de La Fayette, French writer (b. 1634)",
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{
"plaintext": " June 2 John Wildman, English soldier and politician (b. c. 1621)",
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"plaintext": " June 3 Camille de Neufville de Villeroy, Archbishop of Lyon (b. 1606)",
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{
"plaintext": " June 20 Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege, German noblewoman (b. 1652)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet, English parliamentarian (b. 1618)",
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{
"plaintext": " July 12 ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Ashby, English admiral (b. c. 1640)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Johan Hadorph, Swedish director-general of the Central Board of National Antiquities (b. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Queen of Sweden (b. 1656)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Daniel Major, German professor of theoretical medicine (b. 1634)",
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"plaintext": " August 7 John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1627)",
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{
"plaintext": " August 27 Edward Rawson, American settler (b. 1615)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Lionel Copley, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1648)",
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},
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"plaintext": " September 13 Flavio Chigi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 19 Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, Slovenian nobleman and polymath (b. 1641)",
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{
"plaintext": " October 1 Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)",
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{
"plaintext": " October 9 Unshō, Japanese Buddhist scriptural commentator (b. 1604)",
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"plaintext": " October 17 Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg, English general (b. 1645)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 9 Samuel Hales, Connecticut settler and politician (b. 1615)",
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"plaintext": " November 16 Francis Marsh, Irish bishop (b. 1626)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde, Dutch painter (b. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1617)",
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{
"plaintext": " November 30 Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1612)",
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"plaintext": " December 12 Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1640)",
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},
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"plaintext": " December 14 Giuseppe Felice Tosi, Italian composer (b. 1619)",
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"plaintext": " December 16 Jacques Rousseau, French painter (b. 1630)",
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"plaintext": " December 22 Elisabeth Hevelius, Danzig astronomer (b. 1647)",
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"plaintext": " December 29 Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland, England (b. 1645)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown Lars Nilsson, Sami shaman in Sweden",
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] | [
"1693"
] | 7,689 | 551 | 127 | 189 | 0 | 0 | 1693 | year | [] |
38,648 | 1,100,832,035 | 1692 | [
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"plaintext": " October 21 In Barbados, a slave revolt is crushed.",
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"plaintext": " November 8 William Mountfort's play Henry The Second, King Of England; With The Death Of Rosamond is given its first performance, premiering at the Drury Lane Theatre.",
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"plaintext": " December 5 John Goldsborough arrives in Madras as the new administrator of the British East India Company.",
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"plaintext": " December 14 Maratha Empire General Santaji Ghorpade defeats Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's General Alimardan Khan, captures him and brings him back to fort Jinjee near Madras.",
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"plaintext": " February 25 Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (d. 1775)",
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"plaintext": " February 29 John Byrom, English poet (d. 1763)",
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"plaintext": " April 5 Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (d. 1730)",
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"plaintext": " September 21 Ermes di Colorêt, Italian poet, political figure (b. 1622)",
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"plaintext": " October 23 Alexander von Spaen, German general (b. 1619)",
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"plaintext": " Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck, Dutch general and German field marshal (b. 1620)",
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] | [
"1692",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 7,685 | 828 | 114 | 191 | 0 | 0 | 1692 | year | [] |
38,649 | 1,098,058,289 | 1686 | [
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},
{
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1,
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69
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},
{
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36351250,
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71,
75
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]
},
{
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9654340,
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1,
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28
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53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim, German countess (d. 1753)",
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11362,
26489852,
35827
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1,
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[
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67,
71
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},
{
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20223,
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[
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55
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},
{
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20211,
6527993,
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[
1,
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[
11,
47
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 Johann Jakob Quandt, Lutheran theologian, translated the Bible into Lithuanian (d. 1772)",
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20585,
30247770,
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[
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[
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[
94,
98
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 1 Jan Frans van Bredael, Flemish painter (d. 1750)",
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35809
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57
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]
},
{
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2224,
49330380,
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1,
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10,
34
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83,
87
]
]
},
{
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395632,
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1,
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, French nobleman (d. 1743)",
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1974,
20543242,
34596
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[
1,
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11,
51
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[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman, ethnographer (d. 1750)",
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2196,
1004359,
35809
],
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[
1,
9
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11,
28
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[
66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 28 Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721)",
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1639,
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35859
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1,
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[
11,
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[
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (d. 1742)",
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1416,
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34722
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
62
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
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19632,
26189185,
35827
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
43
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[
68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 Gabriel Fahrenheit, German physicist, inventor of the Fahrenheit temperature scale (d. 1736)",
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19459,
8663,
35849
],
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
27
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[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 25 William Steuart (Scottish politician) (d. 1768)",
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19354,
46461052,
35820
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
46
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[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 30 Antonina Houbraken, Dutch artist (d. 1736)",
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19654,
30367862,
35849
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5",
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15820
],
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, British peer (d. 1777)",
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1923746,
35815
],
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[
1,
35
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[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ignatius of Santhià, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1770)",
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47352292,
35076
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[
1,
20
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[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 John Reading (New Jersey governor), Colonial Governor of New Jersey (d. 1767)",
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15794,
6018589,
35230
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
43
],
[
81,
85
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7",
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"target_page_ids": [
15795
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[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1752)",
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9111220,
34869
],
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[
1,
53
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[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Armand de La Richardie, French missionary (d. 1758)",
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6108550,
35408
],
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[
1,
23
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 Andrei Osterman, Russian statesman (d. 1747)",
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15865,
205249,
35840
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
24
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[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Domenico Montagnana, Italian luthier (d. 1750)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15812,
6569555,
35809
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Pietro Paolo Troisi, Maltese artist (d. 1743)",
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15842,
62469116,
34596
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 3 Edward Watson, Viscount Sondes, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1722)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15848,
30254246,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
39
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Jan Macaré, interim Dutch governor of Ceylon (d. 1742)",
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15861,
38695142,
34722
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
19
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 6 Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (d. 1758)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15862,
450304,
35408
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
27
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 9 Philip Livingston, American politician (d. 1749)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15883,
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35838
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
26
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 William Hardres, British politician (d. 1736)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15804,
29231198,
35849
],
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
25
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[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Mary Butterworth, American colonial counterfeiter (d. 1775)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15922,
2530192,
35816
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714), grandson of Louis XIV of France (d. 1714)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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1,
8
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[
10,
44
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[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 (or August 1) Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer (d. 1739)",
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"target_page_ids": [
18679439,
1254,
103254,
35846
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
13,
21
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[
24,
42
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[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Gervais Baudoin, Canadian physician (d. 1752)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1259,
11231690,
34869
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 10 Georg Christian, Fürst von Lobkowitz, Austrian field marshal (d. 1755)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2315,
18935635,
34961
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
48
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 12",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1491
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Balguy, English divine and philosopher (d. 1748)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
148166,
35839
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bendix Grodtschilling the Youngest, Danish painter (d. 1737)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
43259203,
35848
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
35
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Nicola Porpora, Neapolitan composer of Baroque operas and teacher of singing (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1490,
430717,
35820
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
93,
97
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 Peter von Bemmel, German artist (d. 1754)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1496,
27974215,
34899
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
28
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1497
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Eustace Budgell, English writer and politician (d. 1737)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
937068,
35848
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nicola Porpora, Italian composer (d. 1768)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
430717,
35820
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
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[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 Albert Schultens, Dutch philologist (d. 1750)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1012,
177624,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
28
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 Agostino Cornacchini, Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period (d. 1754)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1013,
9588185,
34899
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
32
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 Aloysius Centurione, Italian Jesuit (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1793,
3700466,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Antoine Touron, French historian (d. 1775)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27990,
11220594,
35816
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Cosmas Damian Asam, German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (d. 1739)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28204,
337359,
35846
],
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
33
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 30 John Alexander (Presbyterian minister) (d. 1743)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27843,
29356019,
34596
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
53
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 Sir John Baird, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1745)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22554,
9955368,
35842
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
40
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Allan Ramsay (poet), Scottish poet (or makar) (d. 1758)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22555,
225210,
35408
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Jacques Hardion, French historian (d. 1766)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22366,
22867019,
35821
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 (bapt.) ? John Machin, English mathematician (d. 1751)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22366,
274756,
35828
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
23,
34
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Peter van der Bosch, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1736)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22568,
10166882,
35849
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau, French politician (d. 1732)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22436,
14142992,
35674
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
43
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Senesino, Italian singer (d. 1758)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22437,
194062,
35408
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
21
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21460
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Colin Campbell (Swedish East India Company), Scottish businessman (d. 1757)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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11489277,
34900
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
44
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[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Axel Löwen, Swedish duke (d. 1773)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
44619903,
35817
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[
1,
11
],
[
30,
34
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga, Tuscan princess (d. 1741)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21761,
24633121,
35844
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Claude Louis d'Espinchal, marquis de Massiac, French politician (d. 1770)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21763,
26055969,
35076
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
58
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Yinxiang (prince), Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1730)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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21726,
590527,
34898
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
71,
75
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]
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{
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 John Dawnay (MP), British politician (d. 1740)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish composer (d. 1746)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Giovanni Battista Somis, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1763)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Law, English cleric (d. 1761)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Netawatwees, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1776)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " approximate date Queen Nanny of the Maroons, Jamaican national heroine (d. 1755)",
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"plaintext": " January 10 Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo, Peruvian nun (b. 1602)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 19 Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby, English politician (b. 1657)",
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},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Duchess Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1656)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 31 Jean Mairet, French dramatist (b. 1604)",
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13,
24
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Dorothy White, English Quaker and writer (b. 1630) ",
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13,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 William Dugdale, English antiquarian (b. 1605)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1603)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels, Regent of Oels (b. 1625)",
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 26 Charlotte, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel, German noble (b. 1627)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Joseph Bridger, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1631)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish writer (b. 1610)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (b. 1660)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 26 Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, Swedish statesman and military man (b. 1622)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Otto von Guericke, German physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg Hemispheres (b. 1602)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 Ove Juul, Governor-General of Norway (b. 1615)",
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1,
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17
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Nicholas Barré, French Minim friar, priest and founder (b. 1621)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 William Coventry, English statesman (b. c.1628)",
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625)",
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1,
8
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 John Pearson, English theologian (b. 1612)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Anna Margaret of Hesse-Homburg, Duchess consort of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1629)",
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41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 13 Louis Maimbourg, French-born historian (b. 1610)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 19 John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (b. 1634)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1623)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 William Duckett, English politician (b. 1624)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (b. 1638)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Nicolas Letourneux, French preacher, ascetical writer (b. 1640)",
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14,
32
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Eleonora Gonzaga, Queen consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Louis, Grand Condé, French general (b. 1621)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Charles de Noyelle, French Jesuit Superior General (b. 1615)",
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},
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"plaintext": " December 24 Philip Packer, British barrister and architect (b. 1618)",
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[
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}
] | [
"1686"
] | 7,664 | 404 | 142 | 327 | 0 | 0 | 1686 | year | [] |
38,650 | 1,097,575,433 | 1684 | [
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]
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},
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"plaintext": " Henry Grove, English nonconformist minister (d. 1738)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Jean-Baptiste van Loo, French subject and portrait painter (d. 1745)",
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"plaintext": " January 23 – Christian Rantzau, Danish noble (d. 1771)",
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},
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"plaintext": " February 16 – Bohuslav Matěj Černohorský, Czech composer (d. 1742)",
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},
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"plaintext": " February 19 – George Duckett, English Member of Parliament (d. 1732)",
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"plaintext": " February 20 – Edward Bayly, Irish politician (d. 1741)",
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},
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"plaintext": " February 21 – Justus van Effen, Dutch author (d. 1735)",
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},
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"plaintext": " February 22 – Charles, Count of Armagnac, French noble (d. 1751)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 – Matthias Braun, Czech sculptor (d. 1738)",
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"plaintext": " March 2 – Christopher Wandesford, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer, Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament (d. 1719)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 – Francesco Durante, Italian composer (d. 1755)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 19 – Jean Astruc, French physician and scholar (d. 1766)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 21 – Oley Douglas, English Member of Parliament (d. 1719)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " Matthias Bel, Hungarian pastor, polymath (d. 1749)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (d. 1764)",
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"target_page_ids": [
242871,
34720
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
35
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 – Samuel von Schmettau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1751)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20209,
32402671,
35828
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
32
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 – Tekle Haymanot I, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1708)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19347,
1786833,
606626,
38634
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
28
],
[
30,
49
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 – Francesco Durante, Neapolitan composer (d. 1755)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20587,
214046,
34961
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
29
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 – Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort, English noble (d. 1714)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1777,
559980,
38550
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
47
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 – Joseph Paris Duverney, French banker (d. 1770)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2564,
6837466,
35076
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
33
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 – Catherine I of Russia, empress consort (d. 1727)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1010,
44239,
35854
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
33
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 – Marco Benefial, Italian painter (d. 1764)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2733,
7631790,
34720
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 – William Henry, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1702–1718) (d. 1718)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19349,
33465112,
38630
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
9,
48
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 – Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, French noble (d. 1739)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19352,
25124423,
35846
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
9,
38
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 23 – Hachisuka Muneteru, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1743)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19655,
14002399,
34596
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
28
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 – Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–1733) (d. 1737)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19459,
1466791,
35848
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
48
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1774)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19624,
9184900,
34901
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
39
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19653
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Timothy Cutler, American Episcopal clergyman, rector of Yale College (d. 1765)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
741214,
34870
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Georg Engelhard Schröder, Swedish artist (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22458028,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
25
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 – Louis Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, German nobleman (d. 1707)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19279145,
37803333,
34709
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
73
],
[
95,
99
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 – Nathaniel Lardner, English theologian (d. 1768)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15794,
188424,
35820
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
27
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 – Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg, German noble (d. 1749)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15936,
14162893,
35838
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
55
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 22 – Francesco Manfredini, Italian Baroque composer (d. 1762)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15857,
1518302,
34977
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
31
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 3 – Jean-Baptiste Baudry, Canadian gunsmith (d. 1755)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15848,
18292452,
34961
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
30
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 – Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (d. 1696)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1012,
7609242,
38645
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
49
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 – Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet, British politician (d. 1746)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1629,
3639332,
35841
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
42
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 – Marguerite de Launay, baronne de Staal, French author (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1794,
607766,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
51
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 – Jaime Álvares Pereira de Melo, 3rd Duke of Cadaval, Portuguese noble and statesman (d. 1749)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27530,
38647834,
35838
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
65
],
[
102,
106
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27993
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Cantrell, Anglican clergyman, writer (d. 1773)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
12267523,
35817
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elizabeth Hanson, American captive of Native Americans and writer (d. 1737)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
41195316,
35848
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist and composer (d. 1748)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28146,
1910627,
35839
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
16,
40
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 – Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de Belle-Isle, French general and statesman (d. 1761)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27889,
2635323,
35823
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
16,
64
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 – Thomas Seaton, English religious writer (d. 1741)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22527,
4928339,
35844
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
26
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 – Karl Aigen, Austrian painter (d. 1762)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22543,
27405328,
34977
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 – Christopher of Baden-Durlach, German prince (d. 1723)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22549,
31024025,
35808
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
41
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (d. 1721)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22367,
242867,
35859
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
34
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 – Peter Walkden, English Presbyterian minister and diarist (d. 1769)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22556,
32833943,
35819
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
27
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 – Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1757)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22403,
761870,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
46
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 – Paul Alphéran de Bussan, French bishop (d. 1757)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22341,
45295082,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
37
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 – Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn, Russian admiral (d. 1764)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21460,
48975151,
34720
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
43
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 – Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, English noble (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21447,
2095815,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
53
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 12 – Edward Vernon, English admiral (d. 1757)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21631,
754254,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 – Paul-Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, duke of Saint-Aignan, French diplomat and soldier (d. 1776)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21763,
22852674,
8380114
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
67
],
[
101,
105
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English noble (d. 1775)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21726,
1323527,
35816
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
48
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 – Ludvig Holberg, Norwegian historian and writer (d. 1754)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8355,
149639,
34899
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
28
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 – Abraham Vater, German anatomist (d. 1751)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8589,
8860373,
35828
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
27
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 – Siwart Haverkamp, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1742)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8851,
16969791,
34722
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
31
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8145
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " James Jurin, British mathematician, doctor (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
13122682,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August Friedrich Müller, German legal scholar, logician (d. 1761)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
33986439,
35823
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 – Samuel Clark of St Albans, English theologian (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8219,
25540195,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
40
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 – Miles Holmwood, \"Norway's undead soldier\" (disappears 1721 after victory of the Great Northern War)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8849,
35859,
48757
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
69,
73
],
[
95,
113
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 – Ippolito Desideri, Italian Tibetologist (d. 1733)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8850,
9545270,
35851
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
32
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 – William Grimston, 1st Viscount Grimston, Irish noble (d. 1756)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8204,
9914254,
34589
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
54
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Celia Grillo Borromeo, Genovese scientist and mathematician (d. 1777)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
29215444,
18902,
35815
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
22
],
[
47,
60
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jaime de la Té y Sagau, Spanish composer (d. 1736)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
35096168,
35849
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 4 – Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, French Bible translator (b. 1613)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15982,
20478718,
35100
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
42
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 – Cornelis Speelman, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1628)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15847,
20631700,
35142
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
31
],
[
79,
83
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 13 – Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, English noble (b. 1628)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16191,
595068,
35142
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
47
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 – Alvise Contarini, Doge of Venice (b. 1601)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15790,
24089153,
35080
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
30
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 – Queen Myeongseong, Korean royal consort (b. 1642)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
23751607,
33631235,
34587
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
31
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 – Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly, French Jansenist nun (b. 1624)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15814,
20976960,
34585
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
55
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 – Dorothy Spencer, Countess of Sunderland, English noblewoman (b. 1617)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11119,
4547885,
34892
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
53
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 – Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ, German Lutheran administrator (b. 1620)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11021,
17610445,
35109
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
37
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 11 – Sir Thomas Peyton, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1613)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11184,
29618951,
35100
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
45
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20209
],
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (b. 1629)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
583814,
35143
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
36,
40
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elizabeth Ridgeway, English poisoner (burned at the stake)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
55680393
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 – Marc Restout, French painter (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2279,
20609823,
35106
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
23
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 ",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2194
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lord William Brouncker, English mathematician (b. 1602)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1426858,
35083
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1611)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
890581,
34992
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
39
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 – Domenico Maria Canuti, Italian Baroque painter (b. 1625)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1008,
7986116,
35140
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
32
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 – Nicola Amati, Cremonese violin-maker (b. 1596)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1009,
30870558,
35058
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
24
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 – Nicolás Antonio, Spanish bibliographer (b. 1617)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1541,
30862801,
34892
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
27
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 – Johann Olearius, German hymnwriter (b. 1611)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2734,
39766047,
34992
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
27
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 4 – John Nevison, English highwayman (hanged) (b. 1639)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19351,
423550,
35195
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
],
[
9,
21
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 – Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford, English noble (b. 1615)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19629,
24872111,
35105
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
40
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 – Edme Mariotte, French physicist and priest (b. c. 1620)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19497,
475133,
35109
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
23
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 – Sir Edward Dering, 2nd Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1625)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15812,
12291578,
35140
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
41
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2 – John Rogers, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15846,
782107,
35078
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
21
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 6 – Peter Gunning, English royalist churchman (b. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15862,
234427,
35102
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
10,
23
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Venetian philosopher of noble descent (b. 1646)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15892,
5189951,
35060
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
11,
33
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 – George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer, English royalist politician, soldier and landowner (b. 1622)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1333,
1507740,
34973
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
12,
43
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 20 – Maria d'Este, Italian noble (b. 1644)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
18933271,
26487161,
34860
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
25
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 – Jakob Thomasius, German philosopher (b. 1622)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28544,
9383806,
34973
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
30
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 – Pierre Corneille, French playwright (b. 1606)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22340,
58193,
35086
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
13,
29
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 11 – James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven, Anglo-Irish noble and soldier (b. c. 1617)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22440,
299225,
34892
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
51
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 – William Croone, English physician, an original Fellow of the Royal Society (b. 1633)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22530,
5178997,
35162
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
28
],
[
93,
97
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 ",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22555
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Géraud de Cordemoy, French historian, philosopher and lawyer (b. 1626)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
9016080,
34586
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg, German noble (b. 1653)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
34368844,
38610
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
48
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 – Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony (b. 1610)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22345,
4138180,
35097
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
14,
47
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October – Dud Dudley, English ironmaster (b. 1600?)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
715985,
35017
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
11,
21
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 – Bartolomé Garcia de Escañuela, Spanish Catholic prelate and bishop (b. 1627)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21575,
48970616,
35141
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
44
],
[
86,
90
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 21 – Cornelius Van Steenwyk, American politician (b. 1626)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21576,
16276178,
34586
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
37
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 – William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire, English noble (b. 1617)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21806,
2349619,
34892
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
56
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 – Sir Thomas Sclater, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1615)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8714,
35697965,
35105
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
46
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 – Francis Hawley, 1st Baron Hawley, English politician (b. 1608)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8728,
42339028,
34591
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
15,
47
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown – Alexandra Mavrokordatou, Greek intellectual, salonist (b. 1605)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
9126251,
35085
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
16,
39
],
[
74,
78
]
]
}
] | [
"1684",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 7,654 | 468 | 137 | 318 | 0 | 0 | 1684 | year | [] |
38,651 | 1,095,003,158 | 1683 | [
{
"plaintext": " January 13 Christoph Graupner, German composer (d. 1760)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16191,
3172981,
35824
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Juan de Galavís, Spanish Catholic Archbishop of Santo Domingo, Bogotá (d. 1739)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15814,
54121267,
35846
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, French explorer of North America (d. 1765)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11359,
6441888,
34870
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
45
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, French scientist (d. 1757)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11311,
162654,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
47
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent, wife of George II of Great Britain (d. 1737)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19346,
50534,
46389,
35848
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
65,
91
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Mark Catesby, English naturalist (d. 1749)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2279,
524066,
35838
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 Étienne Fourmont, French orientalist (d. 1745)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15831,
436826,
35842
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Maria Anna of Austria, Archduchess of Austria and Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1754)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27949,
5423839,
6490870,
7525146,
34899
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
37,
59
],
[
64,
89
],
[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 11 Farrukhsiyar, Mughal Emperor (d. 1719)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27935,
1169220,
24217897,
38631
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
27
],
[
29,
35
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (d. 1764)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28203,
152682,
34720
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
35
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Aixinjueluo Yuntang, born Aixinjueluo Yintang, Qing prince (d. 1726)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22366,
10868920,
35855
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22333,
871932,
34900
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
49
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 King George II of Great Britain (d. 1760)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21760,
46389,
35824
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
19,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal (d. 1744)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21577,
23952439,
35843
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 19 King Philip V of Spain (d. 1746)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8848,
63857,
35841
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
19,
36
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Conyers Middleton, English minister (d. 1750)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8452,
189721,
35809
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Maria Thelott, Swedish artist (d. 1710)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
14659915,
35945
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (d. 1776)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
53380740,
8380114
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
33
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 2 Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1602)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15788,
29643141,
35083
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
43
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Edward Thurland, English politician (b. 1607)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16192,
31193599,
35087
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 Philip Warwick, English writer and politician (b. 1609)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15790,
203098,
35096
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician (b. 1621)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
23751607,
303402,
35110
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
59
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Julian Maunoir, French Jesuit priest (b. 1606)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15792,
15461481,
16083,
35086
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
36,
42
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 Cesare Facchinetti, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1608)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15813,
29065307,
606848,
34591
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
31
],
[
41,
55
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (b. 1620)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11363,
840068,
35109
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
42
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Engel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (b. 1649)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11310,
21310480,
36176
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher, Austrian chancellor (b. 1616)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11311,
37097798,
35106
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 6 Guarino Guarini, Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque (b. 1624)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19865,
1626533,
34585
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 11 Giovanni Bernardo Carboni, Italian painter (b. 1614)",
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11,
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62
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]
},
{
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78
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{
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11,
24
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57,
61
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]
},
{
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11,
27
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 28 Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (b. 1635)",
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1,
9
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11,
39
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[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Yaoya Oshichi, young Japanese girl burned at the stake for arson (b. 1667)",
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11,
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[
32,
40
],
[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 Stjepan Gradić, Croatian philosopher and scientist (b. 1613)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 15 John Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1627)",
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz-Neuburg, German bishop (b. 1659)",
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37546120,
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[
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[
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76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 7 Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of William VI (b. 1661)",
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1,
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],
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73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 François Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (b. 1610)",
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35
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)",
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42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 21 William Russell, Lord Russell, English politician (b. 1639)",
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1336395,
35195
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1,
8
],
[
10,
39
],
[
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 Jean Le Vacher, French Lazarist missionary and French consul (b. 1619)",
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15892,
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35108
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8
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[
10,
24
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[
75,
79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 30 Maria Theresa of Spain, French queen, married to Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)",
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15911,
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18553,
35146
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1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
59,
78
],
[
83,
87
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 4 Turhan Hatice Sultan, Ottoman Valide Sultan, married to Ibrahim and the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV (b. 1627) ",
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31
],
[
67,
74
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[
100,
109
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[
114,
118
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 Charles Hart, English actor (b. 1625)",
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 Sir John Hobart, 3rd Baronet, English landowner and politician (b. 1628)",
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1,
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12,
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[
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83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 John Owen, English non-conformist theologian (b. 1616)",
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196343,
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12,
21
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65
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},
{
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1,
12
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35
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 King Afonso VI of Portugal (b. 1643)",
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1,
13
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20,
41
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[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 John Campanius, Swedish Lutheran minister in New Sweden (b. 1601)",
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Philipp Friedrich Böddecker, German organist and composer (b. 1607)",
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12,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 Francesco Caetani, 8th Duke of Sermoneta, Governor of the Duchy of Milan (b. 1613)",
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22549,
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1,
10
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12,
52
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93
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 William Scroggs, lord chief justice of England (b. c. 1623)",
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34687
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1,
11
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13,
28
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 ",
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21760
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12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Collins, English mathematician (b. 1625)",
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2361164,
35140
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[
1,
13
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[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Morison, Scottish botanist and taxonomist (b. 1620)",
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840680,
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1,
15
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54,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Margareta Huitfeldt, Norwegian-Swedish noble (b. 1608)",
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21726,
24704770,
34591
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1,
12
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[
14,
33
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[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 John Wright, British politician (b. 1615)",
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14350075,
35105
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1,
12
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[
14,
25
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[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7",
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[
1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Oldham, English poet (smallpox) (b. 1653)",
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1592291,
38610
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1,
12
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42,
46
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},
{
"plaintext": " Algernon Sidney, English politician (b. 1623)",
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252942,
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Abbesses of Quedlinburg (b. 1638)",
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8852,
23492338,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
51
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[
81,
85
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Izaak Walton, English writer (b. 1593)",
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8145,
164895,
35051
],
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
26
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 John Knight, Member of the Parliament of England (b. 1613)",
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35100
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1,
12
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14,
25
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 25 Samuel Clarke, English writer and priest (b. 1599)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
27
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Maria Francisca of Savoy, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1646)",
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8452,
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35060
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1,
12
],
[
14,
38
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[
40,
65
],
[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Birgitta Durell, Swedish industrialist (b. 1616)",
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[
1,
16
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45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Roger Williams, English theologian and colonist (b. 1603)",
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39731,
34891
],
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[
1,
15
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[
53,
57
]
]
}
] | [
"1683"
] | 7,651 | 753 | 147 | 206 | 0 | 0 | 1683 | year | [] |
38,652 | 1,100,769,934 | 1682 | [
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist (d. 1771)",
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10930,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 16 John Hadley, English inventor (d. 1744)",
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},
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"plaintext": " May 17 Bartholomew Roberts, a.k.a. Black Bart, Welsh pirate (d. 1722)",
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},
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"plaintext": " June 17 King Charles XII of Sweden (d. 1718)",
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},
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"plaintext": " July 10 Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716)",
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},
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"plaintext": " August 16 Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (d. 1712)",
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1,
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12,
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74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 29 Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, French historian (d. 1761)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Margareta Capsia, Finnish artist (d. 1759)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Jacob Kettler, German noble (b. 1610)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 3 Olaus Verelius, scholar of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies (b. 1618)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Jean Le Pautre, French designer and engraver (b. 1618)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 Sir William Hickman, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (b. 1629)",
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31324015,
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1,
12
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14,
46
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[
94,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 15 ",
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11020
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1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claude de la Colombière, French Jesuit priest and saint (b. 1641)",
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35202
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[
1,
24
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gu Yanwu, Chinese philologist and geographer (b. 1613)",
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15112619,
35100
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[
1,
9
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[
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Pierre Dupuis, French painter (b. 1610)",
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14,
27
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52
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1616)",
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35106
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14,
42
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{
"plaintext": " February 25 ",
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10930
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1,
12
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},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Packer, English politician (b. 1614)",
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35102
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[
1,
14
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39,
43
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},
{
"plaintext": " Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (b. 1639)",
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[
1,
21
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44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Dorothea Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, German duchess (b. 1602)",
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1,
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11,
57
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78,
82
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael, Dutch painter (b. c. 1628)",
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20199,
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35142
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9
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11,
40
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, German duke (b. 1615)",
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"plaintext": " August 26 William Wirich, Count of Daun-Falkenstein, German nobleman (b. 1613)",
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"plaintext": " September 8 Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer (b. 1606)",
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"plaintext": " November 2 Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu in the Peerage of England (b. 1610)",
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"plaintext": " November 4 Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop, Dutch astronomer and cartographer (b. 1610)",
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"plaintext": " November 14 Rijcklof van Goens, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1619)",
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"plaintext": " November 23 Claude Lorrain, Lorraine-born landscape painter (b. c. 1600)",
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"plaintext": " November 28 Valentine Greatrakes, Irish faith healer (b. 1628)",
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"plaintext": " November 29 Prince Rupert of the Rhine, German soldier, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (b. 1619)",
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"plaintext": " Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, English politician (b. 1621)",
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"plaintext": " Guðríður Símonardóttir, Icelandic woman victim of the Turkish abductions (b. 1598)",
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"plaintext": "date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Phillip Calvert, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1626)",
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"plaintext": " Mariam Dadiani, Queen Dowager of Kartli (b. 1599/1609)",
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"plaintext": " The Great 5th Dalai Lama of Tibet (b. 1617)",
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] | [
"1682"
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38,653 | 1,100,778,120 | 1681 | [
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"plaintext": " January 3 The Treaty of Bakhchisarai is signed, between the Ottoman vassal Crimean Khanate and the Russian Empire. ",
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"plaintext": " January 18 The \"Exclusion Bill Parliament\", summoned by King Charles II of England in October, is dissolved after three months, with directions that new elections be held, and that a new parliament be convened in March in Oxford.",
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"plaintext": " February 2 In India, the Mughal Empire city of Burhanpur (now in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh) is sacked and looted by troops of the Maratha Empire on orders of the Maratha emperor, the Chhatrapati Sambhaji. General Hambirrao Mohite began the pillaging three days earlier. ",
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"plaintext": " March 4 King Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn, for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ",
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"plaintext": " March 21 The \"Oxford Parliament\" is summoned in England by King Charles II and meets in Oxford rather than in Westminster, but is dissolved seven days later. No further sessions of parliament are held until after the death of Charles in 1685.",
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"plaintext": " April 11 Following the death of its last count, the Palatinate-Landsberg passes to the King of Sweden.",
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"plaintext": " May 15 The Canal du Midi in France is opened officially, as the Canal Royal de Languedoc.",
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"plaintext": " June 23 The Church of the East, an Eastern Orthodox rite in Mesopotamia (now Iraq), already split between two partriarchs in the Eliya line and the Shimun line, is split along a third line by the Roman Catholic Church when Mar Yousip of the Archdiocese of Amid (now Diyarbakır in Turkey) is proclaimed by Pope Innocent XI as Joseph I, \"Patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its patriarch\", creating the \"Josephite line\" of the Chaldean Catholic Church.",
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"plaintext": " July 1 Oliver Plunkett, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, falsely convicted in June of treason, is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, London, the last Catholic martyr to die in England; he is canonised in 1975.",
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"plaintext": " August English sea captain Robert Knox of the East India Company escapes prison in Ceylon, and details his adventures across Kandy, and life in the kingdoms of the Tamil country Vanni, in his book An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon.",
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"plaintext": " August 31 English perjurer Titus Oates is told to leave his state apartments in Whitehall; his fame begins to wane, and he is soon arrested and imprisoned for sedition.",
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"plaintext": " September 30 France annexes the city of Strasbourg (German: Strassburg), previously a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.",
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"plaintext": " October 27 Sir John Child of England becomes the new Governor of Bombay province and, unofficially, Governor-General of all of the settlements of the East India Company in India. With the exception of a rebellion by Captain Richard Keigwin during the year 1684, Child expands British control until involving the British in a war with the Mughal Empire.",
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"plaintext": " November 20 Don Melchor de Navarra, Duke of Palata arrives in Lima after a voyage of almost 10 months from Spain and becomes the new Viceroy of Peru, succeeding the Archbishop of Lima, Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, who had administered the area since 1678.",
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"plaintext": " November 25 Cornelis Speelman of the Netherlands becomes the new Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and concludes an alliance with the Sultan Amangkurat II of the Mataram Sultanate on the island of Java, then uses the Dutch Army to suppress the rebellion started by the Sultan's half-brother, Prince Puger. Puger surrenders on November 28 to the ranking Dutch officer, Jacob Couper.",
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"plaintext": " November 29 A storm strikes the Isthmus of Panama and overwhelms the Spanish Navy's Flota de Tierra Firma, sinking the ship Nuestra Señora de Encarnación in the Chagres River. The Encarnación wreckage is not found until almost 340 years later, in 2011, mostly intact and still loaded with most of its cargo.",
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"plaintext": " December 3 Another ship in the Flota de Terra Firma, Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, sinks in the Chagres River with the loss of its 280 crew.",
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"plaintext": " December 7 Wu Shifan, grandson of Chinese general Wu Sangui, commits suicide at Kunming in Yunnan province, ending the 8-year Revolt of the Three Feudatories against the Kangxi Emperor and the Qing dynasty in China. ",
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"plaintext": " December 5 Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German noblewoman (b. 1632)",
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8353,
35889015,
34990
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1,
11
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13,
50
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74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 Gerard ter Borch, Dutch painter (b. 1617)",
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8194,
861715,
34892
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1,
11
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13,
29
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Hermann Conring, German philosopher (b. 1606)",
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8633,
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35086
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1,
12
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14,
29
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton, English politician (b. 1622)",
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8145,
10453219,
34973
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1,
12
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14,
52
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[
77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 François Vavasseur, French writer (b. 1605)",
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8219,
10462167,
35085
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Olimpia Aldobrandini, Italian Aldobrandini family member, heiress (b. 1623)",
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8334,
15721212,
34687
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Lacuzon, Franche-Comté military leader (b. 1607)",
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8850,
3038604,
38476,
35087
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
21
],
[
23,
36
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 Richard Alleine, English Puritan clergyman (b. 1611)",
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8728,
1568403,
34992
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[
1,
12
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14,
29
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[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " c. December John Pordage, Anglican vicar (b. 1607)",
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2627564,
35087
],
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[
14,
26
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Fatima Soltan, sovereign queen of the Qasim Khanate",
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9005292,
1054782
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[
15,
28
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[
53,
66
]
]
}
] | [
"1681"
] | 7,645 | 470 | 114 | 307 | 0 | 0 | 1681 | year | [] |
38,654 | 1,107,394,517 | 1678 | [
{
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20315,
1425,
35844
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1,
8
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10,
25
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48,
52
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Filippo Juvara, Italian architect (d. 1736)",
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18935042,
797666,
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1,
8
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10,
24
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[
48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 14 Abraham Darby I, one of the English fathers of the Industrial Revolution (d. 1717)",
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
26
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[
88,
92
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 3 Amaro Pargo, Spanish corsair (d. 1747)",
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19350,
37393989,
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[
1,
6
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[
8,
19
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[
41,
45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16 Andreas Silbermann, German organ builder (d. 1734)",
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19659,
32681222,
35850
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[
1,
7
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[
10,
28
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1711)",
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15892,
148318,
35542
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[
1,
8
],
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10,
38
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (d. 1751)",
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27650,
206020,
35828
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
54
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[
94,
98
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles, French soldier (d. 1766)",
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28204,
887549,
35821
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
50
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish soldier (d. 1743)",
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22367,
407450,
34596
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
46
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Anna Waser, Swiss painter (d. 1714) ",
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21904797,
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1,
11
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[
13,
23
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[
43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist (d. 1771)",
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1,
12
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14,
45
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71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton, English diplomat (d. 1757)",
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
60
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[
83,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 Yongzheng Emperor of China (d. 1735)",
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8852,
265950,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
31
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 Daniel Neal, English historian (d. 1743)",
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8851,
1095303,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
25
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 William Croft, English composer (d. 1727)",
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8677,
1377875,
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1,
12
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[
14,
27
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[
50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " George Farquhar, Irish dramatist (d. 1707)",
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[
1,
16
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38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maria Faxell, Swedish vicar's wife and war heroine (d. 1738)",
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"target_page_ids": [
28948366,
35847
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joachim Ludwig Schultheiss von Unfriedt, German architect (d. 1753)",
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37961894,
35827
],
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[
1,
40
],
[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre Fauchard, French physician and author, considered The father of modern dentistry (d. 1761)",
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3020440,
35823
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[
1,
16
],
[
93,
97
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Senex, British geographer (d. 1740)",
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27954240
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 Ferrante III Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla, Italian noble (b. 1618)",
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15847,
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34909
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
52
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 Robert Ellison, English politician (b. 1614)",
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"target_page_ids": [
16112,
31405116,
35102
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Sir William Curtius FRS, German magistrate and English baronet b. (1599)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15990,
32578395,
38588
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
18,
33
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[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 24 Joan Maetsuycker, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1606)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15954,
1713715,
35086
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Maria Overlander van Purmerland, Dutch noble (b. 1603)",
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15866,
31181640,
34891
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
44
],
[
62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Jeronimo Lobo, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15814,
857779,
35051
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 7 Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1607)",
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"target_page_ids": [
11063,
29786678,
35087
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
45
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Daniel Clasen, German academic (b. 1622)",
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"target_page_ids": [
21575,
31187045,
34973
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 3 Philip Bell, British colonial governor (b. 1590)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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19633,
36950952,
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 Jean de Launoy, French historian (b. 1603)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20196,
7953200,
34891
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 Juan de Leyva de la Cerda, conde de Baños, Spanish noble (b. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20585,
4892804,
35084
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
52
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[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, 7th daughter of Richard Boyle (b. 1625)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1009,
32845161,
35140
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
41
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Walter Aston, 2nd Lord Aston of Forfar, second and eldest surviving son of Walter Aston (b. 1609)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1827,
2284153,
35096
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
49
],
[
103,
107
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1661–1678) (b. 1630)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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2734,
5646568,
35078
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
49
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 Nicolas Roland, French priest and founder (b. 1642)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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2326,
25210478,
34587
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 2 Willem Nieupoort, Dutch politician, and diplomat (b. 1607)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19349,
39004921,
35087
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
24
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 3 Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena, German noble (b. 1638)",
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19350,
7343917,
35146
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
38
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 4 or May 14 Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch poet and scholar (b. 1607)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19351,
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3314471,
35087
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[
1,
6
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[
10,
16
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[
18,
41
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[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 16 Tamura Muneyoshi, Japanese daimyō of the Iwanuma Domain (b. 1637)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19659,
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35193
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
25
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[
69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 Miyamoto Iori, Japanese samurai (b. 1612)",
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19389,
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
22
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 2 Pieter de Groot, Dutch diplomat (b. 1615)",
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15855,
18272173,
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
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[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Giacomo Torelli, Italian stage designer, engineer, and architect (b. 1608)",
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15798,
14315589,
34591
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
25
],
[
79,
83
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Benedict Arnold, Rhode Island colonial governor (b. 1615)",
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15817,
6245301,
35105
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
25
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[
62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 5 Juan García de Zéspedes, Mexican musician and composer (b. 1619)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1990,
410708,
35108
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
34
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[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Andrew Marvell, English writer (b. 1621)",
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48319,
35110
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
26
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Guillaume Herincx, Flemish theologian, Bishop of Ypres (b. 1621)",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
29
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 28 John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, English soldier (b. 1602)",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
57
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 31 Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1658)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
51
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1601)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
38
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[
60,
64
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 Pietro della Vecchia, Italian painter (b. 1603)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
34
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 19 Christoph Bernhard von Galen, Westphalian Catholic prince-bishop of Münster and military leader (b. 1606)",
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28147,
3102022,
35086
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
43
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[
115,
119
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 28 Maurizio Cazzati, Italian composer (b. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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35106
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
31
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54,
58
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{
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1,
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12,
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]
},
{
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22440,
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1,
11
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13,
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69,
73
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},
{
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22530
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1,
11
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]
},
{
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12560936,
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1,
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},
{
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1013785,
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},
{
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1,
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72,
76
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},
{
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1,
11
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[
13,
42
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[
113,
117
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]
},
{
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22545,
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1,
11
],
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13,
27
],
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49,
53
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]
},
{
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22568,
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1,
11
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42
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69
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]
},
{
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1,
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13,
31
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},
{
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1,
11
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13,
26
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
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35106
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1,
11
],
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13,
33
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70,
74
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]
},
{
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21760,
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1,
12
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14,
28
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Andries de Graeff, Dutch politician (b. 1611)",
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1,
12
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14,
31
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Edward Colman, English Catholic courtier under Charles II (b. 1636)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
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[
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79
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]
},
{
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63
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},
{
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12
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[
14,
30
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[
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57
]
]
}
] | [
"1678"
] | 7,634 | 507 | 130 | 198 | 0 | 0 | 1678 | year | [] |
38,655 | 1,105,160,546 | 1679 | [
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57
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Matthew Decker, English merchant and writer (d. 1749)",
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},
{
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},
{
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7
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[
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},
{
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},
{
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35
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61
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Jan Dismas Zelenka, Bohemian composer (d. 1745)",
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1,
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31
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Ann Putnam, Jr., American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1716)",
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11
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28
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Firmin Abauzit, French scientist (d. 1767)",
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28
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " James Erskine, Lord Grange, Scottish judge (d. 1754)",
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[
1,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " George Psalmanazar, French-born imposter and essayist (d. 1763)",
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19
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},
{
"plaintext": " Francesco Zerafa, Maltese architect (d. 1758)",
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1,
17
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Jan Steen, Dutch painter",
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1,
10
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21
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 8 Raymond Breton, French missionary (b. 1609)",
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1,
10
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26
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14 Jacques de Billy, French Jesuit mathematician (b. 1602)",
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1,
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13,
29
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 Pierre Lambert de la Motte, French bishop (b. 1624)",
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39
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63
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},
{
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1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ulderico Carpegna, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1595)",
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[
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Maurice Henry, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar (1653–1679) (b. 1626)",
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Carlo Ceresa, Italian painter (b. 1609)",
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15814,
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1,
11
],
[
13,
25
],
[
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 5 Joost van den Vondel, Dutch dramatist and poet (b. 1587)",
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
33
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[
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Margherita de' Medici, Italian duchess regent of Parma (b. 1612)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
34
],
[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Lady Anne Finch Conway, English philosopher (b. 1631)",
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],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
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[
62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Henricus Regius, Dutch philosopher (b. 1598)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Thomas Hales, Connecticut settler (b. 1610)",
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35097
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
26
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[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Henrik Rysensteen, Dutch military engineer (b. 1624)",
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
31
],
[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 11 ",
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19530
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[
1,
9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir John Covert, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1620)",
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[
1,
29
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luise Marie of the Palatinate, German princess (b. 1647)",
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38608
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[
1,
30
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[
52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 16 ",
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19818
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Leverett, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1616)",
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547713,
35106
],
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[
1,
14
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johan Frederik von Marschalck, German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (b. 1618)",
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38572182,
34909
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
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80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (b. 1621)",
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35110
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 Abraham Mignon, Dutch golden age painter (b. 1640)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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34893
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1,
9
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11,
25
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[
56,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April Thomas Notley, Colonial governor of Maryland",
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13504538
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1,
6
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23,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, French princess and political activist (b. 1619)",
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285611,
35108
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1,
8
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[
10,
35
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[
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84
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]
},
{
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1,
6
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[
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19
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 Magnus Celsius, Swedish astronomer and mathematician (b. 1621)",
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6
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[
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22
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[
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Peregrine Hoby, English politician (b. 1602)",
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6
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8,
22
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[
47,
51
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 10 Dorothy, Lady Pakington, English religious writer (b. 1623)",
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1,
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[
9,
32
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[
63,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 14 August of Legnica, Silesian nobleman (b. 1627)",
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26
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54
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},
{
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34935
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7
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[
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44
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[
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53
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]
},
{
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26
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (b. 1638)",
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1,
7
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70
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},
{
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1,
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10,
28
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 27 Pablo Bruna, blind Spanish composer and organist (b. 1611)",
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21
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Antoine Garaby de La Luzerne, French poet (b. 1617)",
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{
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1,
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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1,
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12,
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 John of Austria the Younger, Spanish general (b. 1629)",
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35143
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1,
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15,
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},
{
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1,
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15,
42
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},
{
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107
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},
{
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34
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{
"plaintext": " October 2 Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1612)",
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 3 Hugh Bethell, English Member of Parliament and High Sheriff (b. 1615)",
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1,
10
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12,
24
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman, and dramatist (b. 1621)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Rosina Schnorr, German businessperson (b. 1618)",
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12
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28
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Archibald Primrose, Lord Carrington, Scottish judge (b. 1616)",
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 Francesco Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1597)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1604)",
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]
},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne, Spanish general and prince (b. 1618)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 28",
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8198
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Peder Winstrup, Bishop of Lund (b. 1605)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Andrzej Trzebicki, nobleman and priest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (b. 1607)",
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] | [
"1679"
] | 7,638 | 441 | 115 | 223 | 0 | 0 | 1679 | year | [] |
38,656 | 1,107,492,155 | 1676 | [
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 27 Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian rebel against the Habsburgs (d. 1735)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Maria Clara Eimmart, German astronomer, engraver and designer (d. 1707)",
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},
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"plaintext": " May 28 Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (d. 1754)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 Louise de Maisonblanche, illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France (d. 1718)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, poet (d. 1763)",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " October 8 Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Spanish scholar (d. 1764)",
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},
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"plaintext": " October 19 Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes, Portuguese diplomat (d. 1733)",
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"plaintext": " November 8 Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, duchess of Maine, daughter in law of Louis XIV (d.1753)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor (d. 1721)",
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1,
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12,
26
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54,
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},
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"plaintext": " January 13 Isaac Commelin, Dutch historian (b. 1598)",
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1,
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13,
27
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53
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},
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},
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53
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},
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1,
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},
{
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},
{
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14,
27
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},
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},
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11,
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},
{
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28
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[
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112
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},
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"plaintext": " November 12 Shang Kexi, Chinese general (b. 1604)",
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},
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] | [
"1676",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 7,628 | 589 | 156 | 227 | 0 | 0 | 1676 | year | [] |
38,657 | 1,100,724,108 | 1675 | [
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Jones, Welsh mathematician (d. 1749)",
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{
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},
{
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1,
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{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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13,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 Gervase Holles, English Member of Parliament (b. 1607)",
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},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)",
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20273,
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35086
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1,
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11,
50
],
[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Veit Erbermann, German theologian (b. 1597)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg by births and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach (b. 1601)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 12 Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)",
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26
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Jonathan Rashleigh, English politician (b. 1591)",
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23993006,
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26
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Danish-German prince and member of the House of Oldenburg (b. 1612)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 ",
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[
1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish Socinian theologian (b. 1623)",
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1363589,
34687
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Father Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer (b. 1636)",
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266221,
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[
8,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 Gaspard Dughet, French painter (b. 1613)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt, English politician (b. 1626)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 ",
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1632)",
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[
1,
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz (b. 1641)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 12 Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1634)",
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],
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 Daniel Hallé, French painter (b. 1614)",
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1,
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22
],
[
43,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 Giles Strangways, English politician (b. 1615)",
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Johan Stiernhöök, Swedish lawyer (b. 1596)",
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26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (b. 1611)",
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1,
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[
10,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 5 Brynjólfur Sveinsson, Icelandic bishop and scholar (b. 1605)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva, Portuguese general and noble (b. 1596)",
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1,
10
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 Joachim Irgens von Westervick, DanoNorwegian nobleman (b. 1611)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 ",
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, Princess consort to Frederick Henry (b. 1602)",
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1,
26
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Frederick, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, ruling Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1640)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)",
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 Valentin Conrart, French founder of the Académie française (b. 1603)",
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1,
13
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[
15,
31
],
[
55,
73
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Tommaso Tamburini, Italian theologian (b. 1591)",
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1,
11
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13,
30
],
[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 William Wadsworth, American colonial pioneer (b. 1594)",
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1,
11
],
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13,
30
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62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 William Sprague, English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. 1609)",
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13,
28
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)",
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1,
11
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31
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November Feodosia Morozova, Russian religious dissident martyr (b. 1632)",
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28
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (b. 1621)",
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11
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13,
30
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[
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 Remigius van Leemput, painter from the Southern Netherlands (b. 1607)",
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21805,
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35087
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1,
11
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13,
33
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Leopoldo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1617)",
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21760,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
33
],
[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Thomas Willis, English doctor who played an important part in the history of anatomy (b. 1621)",
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21447,
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35110
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27
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107
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Preben von Ahnen, German-born civil servant and landowner in Norway (b. 1606)",
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12
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14,
30
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 21 George William, Duke of Liegnitz (b. 1660)",
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14,
46
],
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, English Civil War soldier",
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21579,
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1,
12
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14,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Leonard Hoar, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)",
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21579,
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{
"plaintext": " November 30 ",
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21577
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (b. 1605)",
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178907,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther, English politician (b. 1605)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 John Lightfoot, English churchman, scholar (b. 1602)",
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35083
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27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 (bur.) Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (b. 1632)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (b. 1580)",
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12
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Caesar, duc de Choiseul, French marshal and diplomat (b. 1602)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Margareta Beijer, director of the Swedish Royal Post Office (b. 1625)",
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] | [
"1675"
] | 7,624 | 451 | 155 | 202 | 0 | 0 | 1675 | year | [] |
38,658 | 1,097,862,525 | 1674 | [
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"plaintext": " January 7 In the Chinese Empire, General Wu Sangui leads troops into the Giuzhou province, and soon takes control of the entire territory without a loss.",
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"plaintext": " January 19 The tragic opera Alceste, by Jean-Baptiste Lully, is performed for the first time, presented by the Paris Opera company at the Theatre du Palais-Royal in Paris.",
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"plaintext": " February 19 England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. Its provisions come into effect gradually (see November 10).",
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"plaintext": " March 14 Third Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of Ronas Voe The English Royal Navy captures the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam in Shetland.",
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"plaintext": " April 10 In the Ahom kingdom in what is now the northeastern Indian state of Assam, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar is installed by the Chief Minister, the Borbarua Debera, as the figurehead King of Ahom. He takes the regnal name Suhung and makes plans to have Debera killed. On April 30, Debera, having learned of the King's intentions, succeeds in having the royal physician poison Suhung's medicine, and installs another ruler.",
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"plaintext": " April 24 In India, Shivaji Bhonsale, the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, captures the Kenjalgad Fort in what is now the Maharashtra state.",
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{
"plaintext": " April 26 In the Netherlands, the jurisdiction of Willem, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland (on the west coast, including Amsterdam and Rotterdam) and Zeeland (southwest coast, including Middelburg, Zeeland), increases in the Dutch Republic as his followers in the inland States of Utrecht (Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel) designate him as the hereditary stadtholder. In 1689, he becomes the King of England in addition to his role as the Stadtholder of the Netherlands. ",
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"plaintext": " May 21 John III Sobieski is elected by the nobility, as King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (to 1696).",
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"plaintext": " June 6 Shivaji is crowned as Chatrapati Shivaji of the Maratha Empire at Raigad Fort in India.",
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"plaintext": " June 12 The British East India Company arranges a commercial treaty with the Maratha Empire after Henry Oxenden, the company's deputy governor, meets Emperor Shivaji for his recent coronation.",
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"plaintext": " July 7 The Messina revolt against Spanish rule begins on the island of Sicily as the Italian residents besiege the palace of the Spanish Captain-General and drive out the Spanish garrison.",
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"plaintext": " July 16 In a major battle in the Third Anglo-Dutch War, a large fleet of 18 warships from the Dutch Republic, along with 15 troop transports, nine storeships and 3,400 soldiers, arrives at the island of Martinique in the Caribbean Sea for the purpose of invasion and capture of Martinique from the French colonists. Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, commander of the Dutch forces, waits for four days before coming ashore. The French defenders, under the direction of the Governor, Antoine André de Sainte-Marthe, take advantage of the situation to block the entrances to the harbor and to reinforce troops. The Dutch invasion force is forced to retreat after sustaining heavy losses.",
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"plaintext": " July 17 Two skeletons of children are discovered by workmen repairing a staircase at the White Tower (Tower of London), and believed at this time to be the remains of the Princes in the Tower. The urns containing the bones are interred in 1678 in Westminster Abbey, with an inscription in Latin that states \"Here lie interred the remains of Edward V, King of England, and Richard, Duke of York, whose long desired and much sought after bones, after over a hundred and ninety years, were found interred deep beneath the rubble of the stairs that led up to the Chapel of the White Tower, on the 17 of July in the Year of Our Lord 1674.\" ",
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"plaintext": " August 11 The French army under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé defeats the Dutch–Spanish–Austrian army under William III of Orange in the Battle of Seneffe.",
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{
"plaintext": " September 17 Sukjong of the Joseon Dynasty, age 13, becomes the new Emperor of Korea upon the death of his father, the Emperor Hyeonjong. Sukjong reigns for more than 45 years until his death on July 12, 1720.",
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"plaintext": " September 27 French Navy Commander Jean-Baptiste de Valbelle arrives at Sicily during the Messina revolt to help the Messinese expel the last Spanish defenders, taking the fort at Faro at the harbor entrance.",
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"plaintext": " October 4 ",
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"plaintext": "The Battle of Entzheim takes place in France with 35,000 Holy Roman Empire troops and 22,000 French defenders during the Franco-Dutch War, with the forces fighting near Entzheim south of Strasbourg. While the battle is inconclusive, the outnumbered French win a strategic victory by keeping the Germans from entering French territory. Most of the former battlefield now lies beneath the Strasbourg International Airport.",
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"plaintext": "A second coronation is held by the Maratha Empire for the Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhonsle, after the Vedic priest Nischal Puri Goswami decides that the June 18 coronation was \"held under inauspicious stars\".",
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"plaintext": " October 15 The Torsåker witch trials begin in the Torsåker Parish in Sweden, with over 100 men and women accused of witchcraft and the abduction of children. On June 1, 1675, the mass beheading of the 71 persons convicted takes place at Häxberget, 65 of whom are women. The others are two men and four boys. ",
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"plaintext": " November 10 As provided in the Treaty of Westminster of February 19, the Dutch Republic cedes its colony of New Netherland to England. This includes the colonial capital, New Orange, which is returned to its English name of New York. The colonies of Surinam, Essequibo and Berbice remain in Dutch hands.",
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{
"plaintext": " December 4 Father Jacques Marquette, along with Pierre Poteret and Jacque Poteret, sails southward along the shore of Lake Michigan, accompanied by nine canoes of Indians from the Potawatomi tribe, and comes ashore at what is now Chicago. The three missionaries, the first Europeans to explore the area, camp there for the winter. Marquette notes in his journal \"The land bordering it is of now value, except on the prairies,\" and adds \"There are eight to ten quite fine rivers.\" A historical marker is now erected on the site of the landing. Father Marquette founds a mission (which will in time grow into the city of Chicago) on the shores of Lake Michigan, in order to create a Christian ministry to convent native Americans in the Illinois Confederation.",
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"plaintext": " The first Dutch West India Company is dissolved.",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 12 Alexis Simon Belle, French portrait painter (d. 1734)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 15 Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French writer (d. 1762)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 24 Thomas Tanner, English bishop and antiquarian (d. 1735)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March Jethro Tull, English agriculturist (d. 1741)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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},
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"plaintext": " June 3 Matthias Buchinger, German artist (d. 1740)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1765)",
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},
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"plaintext": " July 17 Isaac Watts, English hymnist (d. 1748)",
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]
},
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"plaintext": " August 2 Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, regent of France (d. 1723)",
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},
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"plaintext": " August 9 František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (d. 1766)",
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},
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"plaintext": " August 16 Catharine Trotter Cockburn, English novelist, dramatist and philosopher (d. 1749) ",
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"plaintext": " December 25 Thomas Halyburton, Scottish theologian (d. 1712)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
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"plaintext": " Jeremiah Clarke, English baroque composer (suicide 1707)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1743)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 3 Claude Maltret, French Jesuit (b. 1621)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 Ebba Brahe, Swedish countess, landowner, and courtier (b. 1596)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 10 Jacob de Witt, Mayor of Dordrecht (b. 1589)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 12 Giacomo Carissimi Italian composer (b. 1605)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 ",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Cornelis Bisschop, Dutch painter (b. 1630)",
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"anchor_spans": [
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henri de La Trémoille, French general and noble (b. 1598)",
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"anchor_spans": [
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},
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"plaintext": " February 13 Jean de Labadie, 17th-century French pietist (b. 1610)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 14 Carlo de Tocco, Italian nobleman (b. 1592)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 22",
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1,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Chapelain, French writer (b. 1595)",
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},
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"plaintext": " John Wilson, English composer (b. 1595)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Matthias Weckmann, German composer (b. 1616)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Jean Pecquet, French anatomist (b. 1622)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Salomon Sweers, Dutch businessman (b. 1611)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Charles Sorel, sieur de Souvigny, French writer (b. 1597)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Edward Digges, English barrister and colonist, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1620)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 Queen Inseon, Korean royal consort (b. 1619)",
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11,
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{
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1,
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11,
21
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]
},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
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{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mauritia Eleonora of Portugal, Princess of Portugal and countess consort of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1609)",
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37158965,
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{
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1,
7
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[
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47,
51
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Eva Krotoa, Khoi translator and interpreter (b. 1643)",
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20
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{
"plaintext": " July 30",
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15911
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hans Conrad Werdmüller, Swiss military commander (b. 1606)",
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[
1,
23
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},
{
"plaintext": " Francisco Ignacio Alcina, Jesuit missionary and historian (b. 1610)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 Maeda Toshitsugu, Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period (b. 1617)",
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1,
9
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11,
27
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[
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77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 12 Philippe de Champaigne, French painter (b. 1602)",
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10
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34
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59
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Hyeonjong of Joseon, 18th monarch of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (b. 1641)",
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34
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Herman Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg, High Chamberlain of the Elector of Bavaria (b. 1627)",
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49
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102
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, French writer (b. 1589)",
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39
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (b. 1621)",
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15,
40
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[
60,
64
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen, officer in the Dutch Army (b. 1606)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 Jeremias van Rensselaer, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1632)",
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1,
11
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13,
36
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[
66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Robert Herrick, English poet (b. 1591)",
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38589
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1,
11
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13,
27
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet (b. 1614)",
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1,
11
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13,
33
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[
54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 John Milton, English Puritan poet (b. 1608)",
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11
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24
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34,
41
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[
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Isbrand van Diemerbroeck, Dutch physician (b. 1609)",
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1,
12
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14,
38
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[
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64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 18 Charles Lallemant, French Jesuit (b. 1587)",
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12
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14,
31
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55
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English statesman and historian (b. 1609)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
47
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[
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89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 John Vaughan, English judge (b. 1603)",
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[
1,
12
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14,
26
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 John Oxenbridge, English Nonconformist divine (b. 1608)",
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1,
12
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14,
29
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[
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hu Zhengyan, Chinese artist, printmaker, calligrapher and publisher (b. c. 1584)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Traherne, English poet (b. c. 1637)",
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[
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16
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42
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}
] | [
"1674"
] | 7,620 | 393 | 131 | 299 | 0 | 0 | 1674 | year | [] |
38,659 | 1,100,375,233 | 1673 | [
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13,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 Claude Gillot, French artist (d. 1722)",
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9
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24
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44,
48
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]
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{
"plaintext": " July 20 John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish soldier and diplomat (d. 1747)",
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43
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 John Ker, Scottish informer (d. 1726)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 10 Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist (d. 1734)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Richard Mead, English physician (d. 1754)",
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52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 Louise Élisabeth de Joybert, politically active Canadian governors' wife (d. 1740)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian linguist and scholar (d. 1723)",
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1,
11
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13,
30
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[
67,
71
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1736)",
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1,
12
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14,
23
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25,
39
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[
44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 Bartholomew Mastrius, Italian theologian (b. 1602)",
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1,
11
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13,
33
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Mary Carleton, Englishwoman who used false identities (b. 1642)",
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13,
26
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 26 Jérôme Lalemant, French Jesuit priest and missionary to Canada (b. 1593)",
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1,
11
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13,
28
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80,
84
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Kaspar Förster, German singer and composer (b. 1616)",
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1,
11
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13,
27
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64
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 12, Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1647 (b. 1605)",
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1,
12
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15,
43
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87
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Molière, French writer and actor (b. 1622)",
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14,
21
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51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Anna Magdalene of Hanau, German countess (b. 1600)",
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1,
12
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14,
37
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[
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 6 Isaack Luttichuys, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1616)",
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1,
8
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10,
27
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58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 Margaret Theresa of Spain (b. 1651)",
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[
1,
9
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11,
36
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[
41,
45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)",
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19635,
746889,
35105
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1,
9
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11,
24
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 ",
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[
1,
9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Margareta von Haugwitz, Swedish countess (b. 1622)",
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[
1,
28
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (b. 1603)",
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[
1,
18
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41
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Ignace-Gaston Pardies, French physicist (b. 1636)",
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9
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11,
32
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55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 14 Sir Gerrard Napier, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1606)",
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1,
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40
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Werner Rolfinck, German physician, chemist, botanist, philosopher (b. 1599)",
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6
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23
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78,
82
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 9 Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, French poet (b. 1599)",
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38588
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1,
6
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8,
42
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60,
64
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 Henry Hungerford, English politician (b. 1611)",
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19624,
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1,
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9,
25
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50,
54
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},
{
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1,
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[
9,
38
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[
63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons, Italian noble (b. 1635)",
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35192
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
42
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Jeanne Mance, French Canadian settler (b. 1606)",
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15815,
214888,
35086
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Johan Schatter, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1594)",
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34991
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1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
46,
64
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, French soldier (b. 1611)",
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15799,
299489,
34992
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
47
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Robert Moray, English Freemason (b. 1608 or 1609)",
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15849,
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34591,
35096
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
21
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[
45,
49
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 15 Helena Fourment, Dutch model, second wife of Peter Paul Rubens (b. 1614)",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
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81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1641)",
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35202
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
28
],
[
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 ",
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1499
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford, English soldier (b. c. 1599)",
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38588
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[
1,
33
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58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Daniel Pawłowski, Polish writer (b. 1627)",
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35141
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[
1,
17
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37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Isaac Sweers, Dutch admiral (b. 1622)",
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26090876,
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[
1,
13
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37
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 25 Bartram de Fouchier, Dutch painter (b. 1609)",
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35096
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Flemish engraver and painter (b. 1617)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Lorenzo Imperiali, Italian cardinal (b. 1612)",
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
32
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 5 Francesco Grue, Italian artist (b. 1618)",
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22536,
36375565,
34909
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 13 Christoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)",
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22554,
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34892
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman (b. 1630)",
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22366,
469662,
35078
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
61
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Robert Harley, English politician (b. 1626)",
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34586
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1,
11
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[
13,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland (b. 1640)",
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21760,
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34893
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
41
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Thomas Wendy, English politician (b. 1614)",
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21798,
31421755,
35102
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche, French nobleman (b. 1637)",
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12089798,
35193
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
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[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Margaret Cavendish, English writer (b. 1623)",
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127312,
34687
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Joan Blaeu, Dutch cartographer (b. 1596)",
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8850,
5418315,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
24
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[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Manuel da Câmara III, Portuguese noble (b. 1630)",
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8893,
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35078
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
34
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Oliver St John, English statesman and judge (b. c. 1598)",
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8204,
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34928
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
65,
69
]
]
}
] | [
"1673"
] | 7,617 | 443 | 111 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 1673 | year | [] |
38,660 | 1,101,684,907 | 1672 | [
{
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1,
10
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12,
24
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 18 Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (d. 1731)",
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1,
11
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13,
39
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59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 13 Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (d. 1731)",
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1,
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14,
39
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60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (d. 1757)",
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1,
12
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14,
38
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Joseph Addison, English politician and writer (d. 1719)",
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1,
6
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[
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22
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[
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62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 Emperor Peter I of Russia (d. 1725)",
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1,
7
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17,
34
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[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Italian priest and composer (d. 1749)",
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8
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10,
36
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74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 13 Nicolás Salzillo, Spanish artist (d. 1727)",
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15878,
47516976,
35854
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1,
8
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[
10,
26
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (d. 1733)",
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1,
9
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11,
34
],
[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (d. 1703)",
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1,
12
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14,
31
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66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 11 Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossack starshina, diplomat (d. 1742)",
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1,
11
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13,
24
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56,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Italian historian, scholar (d. 1750)",
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22570,
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35809
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1,
11
],
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13,
38
],
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71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Maria Gustava Gyllenstierna, Swedish writer (d. 1737)",
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35848
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1,
11
],
[
13,
40
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ann Baynard, English natural philosopher (d. 1697)",
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[
1,
12
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[
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50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " José Antonio Nebra Mezquita, Spanish organist and harpist (d. 1748)",
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35839
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1,
28
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67
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},
{
"plaintext": " January Denis Gaultier, French lutenist and composer (b. 1603)",
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1,
8
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10,
24
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[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 15 John Cosin, English clergyman (b. 1594)",
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1,
11
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13,
23
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch painter (b. 1636)",
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1,
11
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13,
33
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Pierre Séguier, Chancellor of France (b. 1588)",
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35147
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[
1,
11
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13,
27
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Madeleine Béjart, French actress and theatre director (b. 1618)",
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34909
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1,
12
],
[
14,
30
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 19 Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (b. 1592)",
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35529
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1,
12
],
[
14,
29
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[
77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 ",
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11311
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christian, Duke of Brieg, Duke of Legnica (1663–1672) and Brieg (1664–1672) (b. 1618)",
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6012095,
34909
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[
1,
25
],
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81,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ralph Hare, English politician (b. 1623)",
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31315312,
34687
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[
1,
11
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36,
40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March Archibald Armstrong, court jester to James I of England and Charles I of England",
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[
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63
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[
68,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Luis Guillermo de Moncada, 7th Duke of Montalto, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1614)",
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35102
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1,
8
],
[
10,
57
],
[
89,
93
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Thomas Tyrrell, English judge and politician (b. 1594)",
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34991
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
24
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[
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Agneta Horn, Swedish writer (b. 1629)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
22
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[
43,
47
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 ",
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1777
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pedro Calungsod, Filipino saint (b. 1654)",
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2537509,
36224
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[
1,
16
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41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Diego Luis de San Vitores, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Guam (b. 1627)",
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35141
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1,
26
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg (b. 1593)",
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1,
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10,
41
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Marguerite of Lorraine, princess of Lorraine, duchess of Orléans (b. 1615)",
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
33
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[
80,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 14 ",
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1862
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Friedrich Wilhelm III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1657)",
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1,
46
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51,
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},
{
"plaintext": " King Pye Min of Burma (b. 1619)",
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6,
13
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27,
31
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 17 Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska, Polish noble (b. 1623)",
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34687
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1,
9
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11,
39
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Antoine Godeau, French bishop and poet (b. 1605)",
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2483,
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35085
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1,
9
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11,
25
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 26 Lionel Lockyer, English alchemist, quack doctor (b. 1600)",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
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18933271
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cornelis de Witt, Dutch politician (b. 1623)",
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},
{
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},
{
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15,
32
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},
{
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13,
22
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50
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},
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Esaias Boursse, Dutch painter (b. 1631)",
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1,
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14,
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},
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21574
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1,
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},
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2725472,
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Wilkins, English Bishop of Chester (b. 1614)",
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156996,
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1,
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},
{
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8352
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " King John II Casimir of Poland (b. 1609)",
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6,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro, 10th Count of Lemos, Viceroy of Peru (b. 1632)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " December 7 Richard Bellingham, Massachusetts colonial magistrate (b. 1592)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 Johann Christian von Boyneburg, German politician (b. 1622)",
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},
{
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},
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},
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15,
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55,
59
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},
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14,
32
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52,
56
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}
] | [
"1672",
"Leap_years_in_the_Gregorian_calendar"
] | 7,614 | 581 | 134 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 1672 | year | [] |
38,661 | 1,100,092,308 | 1563 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1563 (MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " January Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (d. 1607)",
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15986
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"plaintext": " Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, German bishop (d. 1637)",
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"plaintext": " Martin Becanus, Belgian Jesuit priest (d. 1624)",
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"plaintext": " January 29 William Slingsby, English army officer (d. 1634)",
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"plaintext": " January 30 Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)",
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},
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15856,
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35098
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1,
7
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne (d. 1624)",
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"plaintext": " September 4 Wanli Emperor of China (d. 1620)",
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},
{
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15,
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1,
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15,
37
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 30 Enno III, Count of East Frisia, Count of Ostfriesland from 1599 to 1625 from the Cirksena family (d. 1625)",
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15,
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},
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22454,
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1,
10
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12,
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74
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},
{
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22554,
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1,
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13,
31
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61,
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},
{
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1,
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{
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1,
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13,
31
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63,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Duchess of Hunters Village (d. 1639)",
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1,
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13,
41
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132,
136
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Countess Anna of Nassau (d. 1588)",
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21565,
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1,
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13,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Henry II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1624)",
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{
"plaintext": " November 19 Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Sophie of Württemberg, German noble (d. 1590)",
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21575,
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1,
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Hosokawa Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1646)",
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1,
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14,
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56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Mutio Vitelleschi, Italian Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1645)",
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8356,
3504514,
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1,
11
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13,
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85,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 19 Lord William Howard, English nobleman (d. 1640)",
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1,
12
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14,
33
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 Juan Fernandez Pacheco, 5th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble and diplomat (d. 1615)",
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8849,
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1,
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devonshire (d. 1606)",
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297266,
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[
1,
39
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44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (d. 1636)",
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31487216,
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[
1,
26
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53,
57
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Dowland, English composer (d. 1626)",
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16316,
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[
1,
13
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36,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Michael Drayton, English poet (d. 1631)",
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[
1,
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35,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Scipione Gentili, Italian legal scholar (d. 1616)",
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1391528,
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[
1,
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45,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Guarini, Italian virtuoso singer (d. 1598)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hosokawa Gracia, Japanese noblewoman (d. 1600)",
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[
1,
16
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42,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Heo Nanseolheon, Korean poet (d. 1589)",
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[
1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Marcin Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1636)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Zygmunt Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1634)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Naunton, English politician and writer (d. 1635)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Portuguese seaman and explorer (d. 1614)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Joshua Sylvester, English poet (d. 1618)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Titelouze, French organist and composer (d.1633)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar (d. 1628)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 4 Elisabeth of Hesse, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken, later Countess Palatine of Simmern (b. 1503)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 Emperor Menas of Ethiopia (fever) (b. 1559)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Wilhelm von Brandenburg, Archbishop of Riga (b. 1498)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician (shot) (b. 1519)",
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[
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14,
36
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Ercole Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1505)",
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10,
24
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60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Girolamo Seripando, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1493)",
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1,
9
],
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11,
29
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65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 Arthur Brooke, English poet",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1514)",
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9
],
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11,
28
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 28 Heinrich Glarean, Swiss music theorist (b. 1488)",
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11,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe (b. 1527)",
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11,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, English baron (b. 1501)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 21 Martynas Mažvydas, author of the first printed book in Lithuanian (b. 1510)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " June 9 William Paget, 1st Baron Paget, English statesman (b. 1506)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Prince Yuri of Uglich (b. 1532)",
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1,
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40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Bartolomé de Escobedo, Spanish composer (b. 1500)",
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12,
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60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (b. 1530)",
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1,
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12,
32
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 30 Wolfgang Musculus, German theologian (b. 1497)",
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1,
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, English soldier (b. 1526)",
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1,
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15,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Anthony Kitchin, British bishop (b. 1471)",
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1,
11
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13,
28
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " November",
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1,
9
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},
{
"plaintext": "John Bale, English churchman (b. 1495)",
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144952,
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[
0,
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},
{
"plaintext": "Ioan Iacob Heraclid, ruler of Moldavia (b. 1511)",
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2161075,
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0,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 Yi Gwang-sik, Korean politician and general (b. 1493)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 ",
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8893
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[
1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sebastian Castellio, French theologian (b. 1515)",
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1561537,
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1,
20
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44,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Naogeorgus, German playwright (b. 1508)",
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[
1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Odet de Selve, French diplomat (b. c. 1504)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " Elizabeth Seymour, Marchioness of Winchester, English noblewoman (b. 1513)",
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1,
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],
[
70,
74
]
]
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] | [
"1563"
] | 6,629 | 326 | 103 | 199 | 0 | 0 | 1563 | year | [] |
38,662 | 1,100,083,513 | 1562 | [
{
"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Year 1562 (MDLXII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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25,
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118
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " The Pünte at Wiltshausen, a small, hand-operated ferry, now a historic monument, is first recorded.",
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"plaintext": " The Portuguese army is defeated at the Battle of Mulleriyawa, Sri Lanka, at the hand of the Sitawaka army commanded by Prince Tikiri Bandara (King Rajasinghe), leaving 1600 dead. This is considered the worst defeat the Portuguese had at that time.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " An arsenal in Paris exploded. As written by Ambrose Parey in \"The Workes of Ambrose Parey\": \"In the yeare of our Lord 1562, a quantity of this pouder [gunpowder] which was not very great, taking fire by accident in the Arcenall of Paris, caused such a tempest that the whole city shook, but it quite overturned many of the neighboring houses, and shook off the tiles and broke the windows of those which were further away; and to conclude, like a storm of lightning, it laid many here and there for dead, some lost their sight, others their hearing, and others their limbs were torn apart as if they had been rent with wild horses\" pg.415",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January Edward Blount, English publisher (d. 1632)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 12 Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1630)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 13 Mark Alexander Boyd, Scottish poet and soldier of fortune (d. 1601)",
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{
"plaintext": " January 20",
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"plaintext": " Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (d. 1605)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Ottavio Rinuccini, Italian composer (d. 1621)",
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{
"plaintext": " February 15",
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"plaintext": " Rascas de Bagarris, French scholar (d. 1620)",
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1,
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11,
24
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51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " April or May Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch composer (d. 1621)",
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{
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1,
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11,
29
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57
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},
{
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126
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{
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11,
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74
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},
{
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51,
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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10,
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69,
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},
{
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10,
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46,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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14,
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},
{
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1,
13
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15,
47
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},
{
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1,
13
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15,
37
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
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22454,
491567,
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1,
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12,
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68,
72
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)",
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1,
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13,
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27,
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and dramatist (d. 1635)",
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1,
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[
14,
26
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[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 10 Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes, French noble (d. 1646)",
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1,
12
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14,
43
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62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 Sir Lionel Tollemache, 1st Baronet, English baronet (d. 1621)",
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1,
12
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14,
48
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70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Philipp Dulichius, German composer (d. 1631)",
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1,
12
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14,
31
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Isabella Andreini, Italian actress (d. 1604)",
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1,
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40,
44
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Bull, English composer (d. 1628)",
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[
1,
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33,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Constable, English poet (d. 1613)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Samuel Daniel, English poet and historian (d. 1619)",
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[
1,
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{
"plaintext": " Francis Godwin, English writer and bishop (d. 1633)",
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish noble (d. 1636)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Natsuka Masaie, Japanese daimyō (noble) (d. 1600)",
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1,
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45,
49
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},
{
"plaintext": " Paulo Miki, Japanese Catholic saint and martyr (d. 1597)",
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Spelman, English antiquary (d. 1641)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cornelis van Haarlem, Dutch painter (d. 1638)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January Prince Ilie II Rareş of Moldavia (b. 1531)",
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17,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 25 Charles Wriothesley, English officer of arms (b. 1508)",
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13,
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62,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 3 Georg Giese, German merchant (b. 1497)",
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13,
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46,
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]
},
{
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19351,
162302,
38687
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1,
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8,
21
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57,
61
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},
{
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15844,
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1,
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9,
32
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82,
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Johann Hommel, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1518)",
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15849,
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1,
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9,
22
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64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 23 Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and mercenary (b. 1480)",
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36298
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1,
8
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10,
31
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65,
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]
},
{
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1,
12
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14,
28
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61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " October George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly (b. 1514)",
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10,
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},
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12,
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54,
58
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},
{
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13,
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},
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13,
27
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51,
55
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},
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13,
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36,
42
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[
47,
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},
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"plaintext": " November 12 Pietro Martire Vermigli, Italian theologian (b. 1500)",
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1,
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14,
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62,
66
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},
{
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44,
62
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67,
71
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},
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"plaintext": " November 20 Giovanni de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1544)",
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1,
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14,
33
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65,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 ",
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8352
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Garzia de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1547)",
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13,
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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1,
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14,
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122,
126
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin, Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan and Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan",
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},
{
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},
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"plaintext": " Nicholas Grimald, English poet and theologian (b. 1519)",
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] | [
"1562"
] | 6,621 | 390 | 94 | 186 | 0 | 0 | 1562 | year | [] |
38,664 | 1,103,638,735 | 1558 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1558 (MDLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " Queen Elizabeth I of England grants rest and refreshment to pilgrims and travellers who pass by the Holy Well Spring at Malvern in England.",
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},
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"plaintext": " 1557 influenza pandemic.",
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{
"plaintext": " January or February Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter (d. 1617)",
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15642,
10845,
840184,
34892
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[
1,
8
],
[
12,
20
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[
22,
38
],
[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 16 Jakobea of Baden, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by marriage (d. 1597)",
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16022,
33581400,
34718
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
107,
111
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 29 Paul Hentzner, German lawyer (d. 1623)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15814,
10403447,
34687
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
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[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Johann VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1576–1592) (d. 1592)",
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18935042,
9682312,
35529
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
41
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Mikołaj Oleśnicki the younger, Polish noble (d. 1629)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1011,
37132961,
35143
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
40
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Margrave Andrew of Burgau, German nobleman, Cardinal, Bishop of Constance and Brixen (d. 1600)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15936,
37401094,
35017
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
35
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 9 David Origanus, German astronomer (d. 1628)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15883,
23329522,
35142
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 11 Robert Greene, English dramatist (d. 1592)",
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15873,
12784578,
35529
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Herman van den Bergh, Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War (d. 1611)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1154,
22049673,
589019,
34992
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
31
],
[
54,
71
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 8 George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, English noble (d. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1333,
2937358,
35085
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
50
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19 François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (d. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1497,
293240,
35102
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
48
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[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, French soldier (d. 1602)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28544,
2480392,
35083
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
48
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure, English politician (d. 1617)",
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"target_page_ids": [
28202,
36304513,
34892
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
41
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (d. 1618)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22530,
1228671,
34909
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
48
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Szymon Szymonowic, Polish writer (d. 1629)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22345,
2971455,
35143
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (d. 1652)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22436,
1200341,
34918
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
55
],
[
79,
83
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Mingyi Swa, Crown Prince of Burma (d. 1593)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21448,
43000066,
35051
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
24
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Gregorio Pagani, Italian painter (d. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8355,
10630585,
35085
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 8 François de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1645)",
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"target_page_ids": [
8194,
2856356,
38607
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
41
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 André du Laurens, French physician (d. 1609)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8589,
25934749,
35096
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Meir Lublin, Polish rabbi (d. 1616)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1262401,
35106
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
31,
35
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Kōriki Masanaga, Japanese military commander (d. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1752632,
38588
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bessho Nagaharu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1580)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1190523,
38597
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Olivier van Noort, first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world (d. 1627)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
761110,
35141
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Chidiock Tichborne, English conspirator and poet (d. 1586)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
850303,
38593
],
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[
1,
19
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia (15931601) (d. 1601)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2468688,
35051,
35080,
35080
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
41,
45
],
[
45,
49
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Kyd, English playwright (d. 1594)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
44710,
34991
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
36,
40
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Françoise de Cezelli, French war hero (d. 1615)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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12695151,
35105
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
21
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable - Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, French merchant (d. 1628)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
576391,
35142
],
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[
12,
39
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Jacob Micyllus, German humanist (b. 1503)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15792,
10537865,
34971
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 25 Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Portugal and France (b. 1498)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
10930,
960407,
35500
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 27",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11310
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johann Faber of Heilbronn, controversial Catholic preacher (b. 1504)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
3413351,
38702
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
26
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Kunigunde of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, German noblewoman (b. 1524)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
33084347,
38688
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
34
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 6 Luca Gaurico, Italian astrologer (b. 1475)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19865,
2592474,
39497
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Anna van Egmont, Countess of Egmond and Buren (b. c. 1533)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20209,
12616900,
38681
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Marcos de Niza, French Franciscan explorer (b. c. 1495)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19773,
2390638,
36173
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Wolfgang of the Palatinate, Count Palatine of Neumarkt (b. 1494)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1777,
34577426,
39487
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
36
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Hurrem Sultan, Ruthenian-born wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (b. c. 1500)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1010,
350641,
26992,
35019
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
49,
73
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 20 Johannes Bugenhagen, German reformer (b. 1485)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2195,
949933,
39493
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
30
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 26 Jean Fernel, French physician (b. 1497)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1261,
233594,
39485
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Francisco de Sá de Miranda, Portuguese poet (b. 1485)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19631,
384899,
39493
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
35
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 19 Juan Téllez-Girón, 4th Count of Ureña, Spanish count (b. 1494)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19632,
23290588,
39487
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
46
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 25 Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (1525–1540) (b. 1510)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19354,
33558879,
38697
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
75
],
[
92,
96
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Philip Hoby, English politician (b. 1505)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19653,
422788,
38701
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
20
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche, English courtier (b. 1506)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15802,
30759912,
35499
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
49
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 17 George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (b. 1498)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16089,
33942084,
35500
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Justus Menius, German Lutheran pastor (b. 1499)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2192,
2309595,
39484
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
25
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27532,
70716,
35019
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
24
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October Mellin de Saint-Gelais, French poet (b. c. 1491)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22332,
165251,
39488
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
32
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Maria of Austria, queen of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (b. 1505)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22545,
879852,
46209,
38701
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
40,
71
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 J. C. Scaliger, Italian scholar (b. 1484)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22570,
165537,
39494
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21460
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anne Brooke, Baroness Cobham, English noble (b. 1501)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
25120619,
38706
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
29
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Erhard Schnepf, German theologian (b. 1495)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
26571180,
36173
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, Scottish politician and judge (b. 1515)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21763,
7195801,
38693
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
51
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21798
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " (bur.) Hugh Aston, English composer (b. 1485)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1195432,
39493
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
8,
18
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Queen Mary I of England (b. 1516)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20713,
38692
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
7,
24
],
[
29,
33
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1500)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
72241,
2345,
35019
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
25,
49
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Johann Forster, German theologian (b. 1496)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8144,
7828399,
39486
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Thomas Cheney, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. c. 1485)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8219,
997513,
39493
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 19 Cornelius Grapheus, Flemish writer (b. 1482)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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8848,
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39495
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
32
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Hermann Finck, German composer (b. 1527)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8198,
1647505,
38685
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
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{
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"plaintext": " Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll, Scottish nobleman and politician (b. 1507)",
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] | [
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38,665 | 1,100,083,445 | 1559 | [
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"plaintext": " End of Reformation according to many historians.",
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"plaintext": " Margaret of Parma becomes Governor of the Netherlands, in place of her brother, King Philip II of Spain.",
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"plaintext": " Pope Paul IV promulgates the Pauline Index, an early version of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.",
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"plaintext": " February 18 Isaac Casaubon, French-born classical scholar (d. 1614)",
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"plaintext": " February 21 Nurhaci, Chinese emperor (d. 1626)",
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"plaintext": " March 12 Christoph Brouwer, Dutch historian (d. 1617)",
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"plaintext": " March 26 Wolf Dietrich Raitenau, Prince-Bishop of Salzburg (d. 1617)",
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"plaintext": "Stanisław Radziwiłł, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (d. 1599)",
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"plaintext": "Johann Georg Gödelmann, German demonologist (d. 1611)",
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"plaintext": " July 27 Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburg and Countess consort of Oettingen-Oettingen (d. 1618)",
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"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
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"plaintext": " John Spenser, president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford (d. 1614)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January Christina Gyllenstierna, leading opponent of King Christian II of Denmark and Norway (b. 1494)",
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[
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103
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Thomas Tresham, English Catholic politician",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 13 Johann Gropper, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1503)",
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 King Henry II of France (jousting accident) (b. 1519)",
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},
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33
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Robert Estienne, French printer (b. 1503)",
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27949,
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1,
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14,
29
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 Isabella Jagiellon, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1519)",
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1,
13
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15,
33
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 Jacquet of Mantua, French composer (b. 1483)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 3 Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian noble (b. 1508)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1504)",
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1,
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12,
48
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53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 6 William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (b. 1487)",
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1,
10
],
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12,
49
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Kanō Motonobu, Japanese painter (b. 1476)",
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1,
11
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26
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53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Jacob Milich, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1501)",
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],
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1,
12
],
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14,
26
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 18 Cuthbert Tunstall, English church leader (b. 1474)",
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1,
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14,
31
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English noblewoman and claimant to the throne of England (b. 1517)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
46
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109,
113
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Adolph of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Count of Nassau (b. 1526)",
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1,
12
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14,
42
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 Irene di Spilimbergo, Italian Renaissance poet and painter (b. 1538)",
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
34
],
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77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Owen Oglethorpe, deposed English bishop",
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[
1,
12
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14,
29
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Realdo Colombo, Italian surgeon and anatomist (b. 1516)",
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318255,
38692
],
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[
1,
15
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elizabeth Wilford, English merchant and company founder",
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59055846
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1,
18
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Father Francis of Aberdeen, Catholic Trinitarian friar",
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[
1,
27
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Leonard Digges, English mathematician and surveyor (b. c. 1515)",
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],
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Conn O'Neill, 1st Earl of Tyrone, Irish rebel (b. 1480)",
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],
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Wen Zhengming, Chinese painter (b. 1470)",
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[
1,
14
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[
36,
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]
]
}
] | [
"1559"
] | 6,609 | 526 | 105 | 265 | 0 | 0 | 1559 | year | [] |
38,666 | 1,100,083,452 | 1556 | [
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"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Year 1556 (MDLVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 8 Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1623)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 24 Christian Barnekow, Danish noble, explorer and diplomat (d. 1612)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 4 Dorothea of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (d. 1638)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 7 Countess Maria of Nassau (d. 1616)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Tōdō Takatora, Japanese daimyō (d. 1630)",
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],
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 Sethus Calvisius, German calendar reformer (d. 1615)",
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],
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1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Guillaume du Vair, French statesman and philosopher (d. 1621)",
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Dirck van Os, Dutch merchant (d. 1615)",
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],
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1,
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],
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11,
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 David Hoeschel, German librarian (d. 1617)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 9 Andreas von Auersperg, Carniolan noble and military commander in the battle of Sisak (d. 1593)",
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30497609,
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1,
8
],
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10,
31
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103
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 27 François Béroalde de Verville, French writer (d. 1626)",
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1,
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11,
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64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 31 Jerzy Radziwiłł, Polish Catholic cardinal (d. 1600)",
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35017
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[
1,
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[
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59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English politician and diplomat (d. 1625)",
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15794,
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],
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
44
],
[
82,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer (d. 1608)",
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1192664,
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],
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1,
8
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[
10,
24
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24",
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15812
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[
1,
8
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Victoria of Valois, French princess (d. 1556)",
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44154
],
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[
1,
19
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Joan of Valois, French princess (d. 1556)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
44154
],
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[
1,
15
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 9 Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea, English countess (d. 1634)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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7680764,
35191
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
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79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (d. 1604)",
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1,
8
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10,
48
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 James Melville, Scottish divine and reformer (d. 1614)",
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15892,
1098609,
35102
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1,
8
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10,
24
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59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 10 Philipp Nicolai, German Lutheran pastor (d. 1608)",
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3542524,
34591
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[
1,
10
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12,
27
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[
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60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Bartolomeo Cesi, Italian painter (d. 1629)",
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35143
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1,
10
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[
12,
27
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Alexander Briant, English Jesuit martyr (d. 1581)",
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38596
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1,
10
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12,
28
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[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 William Harris, English knight (d. 1616)",
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35106
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1,
13
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[
15,
29
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[
50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18",
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22545
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf, French duke and nobleman (d. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22859314,
35085
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"anchor_spans": [
[
0,
25
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "John Dormer, English Member of Parliament (d. 1626)",
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0,
11
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46,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Giovanni Battista Caccini, Italian artist (d. 1613)",
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1,
11
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13,
38
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59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Ahmad Baba al Massufi, Malian academic (d. 1627)",
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1,
11
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13,
34
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Jacques Davy Duperron, French cardinal (d. 1618)",
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21763,
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1,
12
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14,
35
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[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Francesco Contarini, Doge of Venice (d. 1624)",
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1,
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14,
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54,
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},
{
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1,
11
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13,
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66,
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 17 Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, Indian composer (d. 1627)",
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1,
12
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14,
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60,
64
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Jeanne de Lestonnac, French saint (d. 1640)",
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1,
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Margaret Clitherow, English Catholic martyr (d. 1586)",
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1,
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},
{
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654525,
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1,
22
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69
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]
},
{
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1,
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12,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Humayun, 2nd Mughal Emperor (b. 1508)",
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1,
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13,
20
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26,
40
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Giovanni Poggio, Italian cardinal and diplomat (b. 1493)",
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1,
12
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14,
29
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Frederick II, Elector Palatine (1544–1556) (b. 1482)",
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1,
12
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14,
44
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61,
65
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},
{
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1,
9
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11,
25
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27,
51
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[
78,
82
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 18 ",
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1826
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[
1,
9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet and statesman (b. 1495)",
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[
1,
15
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Gage, English courtier of the Tudor period (b. 1479)",
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1,
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 26 Valentin Friedland, German scholar and educationist of the Reformation (b. 1490)",
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[
1,
9
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11,
29
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86,
90
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 4 Luca Ghini, Italian physician and botanist (b. 1490)",
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1,
6
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[
8,
18
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Saitō Dōsan, Japanese warlord (b. 1494)",
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1,
7
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9,
20
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[
43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)",
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19739,
39492
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1,
8
],
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10,
25
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Joan of Valois, French princess (b. 1556)",
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15812,
44154
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1,
8
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10,
24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 31 Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish founder of the Jesuit order and saint (b. 1491)",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
28
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[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 Girolamo da Carpi, Italian painter (b. 1501)",
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1,
9
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11,
28
],
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 John Bell, Bishop of Worcester",
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1,
10
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12,
21
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Victoria of Valois, French princess (b. 1556)",
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1,
10
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13,
31
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish traitor (b. 1512)",
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34887
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1,
10
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12,
49
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72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 7 Frederick of Denmark, Prince-bishop (b. 1532)",
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1,
10
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12,
32
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Pietro Aretino, Italian author (b. 1492)",
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1,
11
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13,
27
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Richard Chancellor, English Arctic explorer (drowned at sea) (b. c. 1521)",
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21760,
2452192,
35225
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1,
12
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14,
32
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 14 Giovanni della Casa, Italian poet (b. 1503)",
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34971
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1,
12
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[
14,
33
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[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Tullia d'Aragona, Italian poet, author and philosopher (b. 1510)",
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5457582,
38697
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[
1,
17
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60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Fuzûlî, Turkish poet (b. 1494)",
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1,
7
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26,
30
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "probable ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Brian mac Cathaoir O Conchobhair Failghe, last of the Kings of Ui Failghe",
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55,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacob Clemens non Papa, Flemish composer (b. 1510)",
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1,
23
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[
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50
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]
}
] | [
"1556"
] | 6,590 | 388 | 104 | 167 | 0 | 0 | 1556 | year | [] |
38,667 | 1,104,501,367 | 1553 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1553 (MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Bernardino de Cárdenas y Portugal, Duque de Maqueda, Spanish noble (d. 1601)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Mōri Terumoto, Japanese warrior (d. 1625)",
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1,
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13,
26
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Cherubino Alberti, Italian engraver and painter (d. 1615)",
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14,
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66,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo, Italian noble (d. 1576)",
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38601
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1,
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36
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Vitsentzos Kornaros, Greek writer (d. 1613)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
30
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 John Maxwell, 8th Lord Maxwell, Scottish noble (d. 1593)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
41
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66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 29 Mirza Muhammad Hakim, son of Mughal emperor Humayun and brother of emperor Akbar (d. 1585)",
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11,
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[
55,
62
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[
86,
91
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[
96,
100
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Louise of Lorraine, French queen consort (d. 1601)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 7 Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia (d. 1618)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 14 Margaret of Valois, Queen of France (d. 1615)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
27
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Bernardino Baldi, Italian mathematician and writer (d. 1617)",
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15820,
143999,
34892
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1,
7
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25
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68
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},
{
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34890
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1,
8
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10,
36
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[
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89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 1 Peter Street, English carpenter (d. 1609)",
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15844,
34481804,
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1,
7
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[
9,
21
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Nicolò Contarini, Doge of Venice (d. 1631)",
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23439772,
35161
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
31
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 8 Jacques Auguste de Thou, French historian (d. 1617)",
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22543,
313515,
34892
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1,
10
],
[
12,
35
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (d. 1599)",
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22545,
748810,
38588
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
26
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 2 Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Countess Palatine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (d. 1633)",
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35162
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
44
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[
89,
93
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 4 Roger Wilbraham, Solicitor-General for Ireland (d. 1616)",
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21805,
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35106
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
28
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[
64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 Prospero Alpini, Italian physician and botanist (d. 1617)",
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21806,
23819,
34892
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
29
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 George More, English politician (d. 1632)",
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21579,
31914851,
34990
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1,
12
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[
14,
25
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[
50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 King Henry IV of France (d. 1610)",
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57876,
35097
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1,
12
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[
19,
37
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[
42,
46
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Patriarch Filaret of Moscow and All Rus' (d. 1633)",
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1386528,
35162
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[
1,
41
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[
46,
50
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},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Florio, English writer and translator (d. 1625)",
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35140
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[
1,
16
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52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Hakluyt, English travel writer (d. 1616)",
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35106
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[
1,
16
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44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Hues, English mathematician and geographer (d. 1632)",
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[
1,
12
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " Amago Katsuhisa, Japanese nobleman (d. 1578)",
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38599
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1,
16
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44
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre de Rostegny, French jurist (d. 1631)",
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35161
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1,
19
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39,
43
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh, English military leader (d. 1613)",
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1,
49
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79,
83
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},
{
"plaintext": " Moses Székely, Hungarian noble (d. 1603)",
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34891
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1,
14
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36,
40
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},
{
"plaintext": " Beatrice Michiel, Venetian spy (d. 1613)",
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35100
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"plaintext": " George Joye, English Protestant Bible translator (b. c. 1495)",
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] | [
"1553"
] | 6,568 | 492 | 106 | 186 | 0 | 0 | 1553 | year | [
"MDLIII"
] |
38,668 | 1,100,750,263 | 1552 | [
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"plaintext": " February 12 Pedro de Valdivia founds the Chilean city of Valdivia, as Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia.",
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"plaintext": " March The Act of Uniformity imposes the Protestant Book of Common Prayer on England.",
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"plaintext": " The Ottoman's capture the city of Temesvar.",
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75
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{
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},
{
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1,
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],
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14,
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66,
70
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},
{
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1,
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14,
30
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52,
56
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{
"plaintext": " February 25 Magdalene of Lippe, Countess of Lippe by birth, and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1587)",
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1,
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],
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},
{
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1,
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[
14,
25
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66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 Anna of Cleves, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by birth and by marriage Countess Palatine of Neuburg (d. 1632)",
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33115663,
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1,
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],
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},
{
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]
},
{
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]
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{
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},
{
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[
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6
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19
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[
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45
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},
{
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31201493,
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[
1,
7
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[
47,
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},
{
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1,
7
],
[
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23
],
[
44,
48
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]
},
{
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15864,
2160480,
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[
1,
7
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[
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28
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Elizabeth Spencer, Baroness Hunsdon, English baroness (d. 1618)",
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34909
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1,
8
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10,
45
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[
68,
72
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]
},
{
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
39
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
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15996
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anthony Browne, Sheriff of Surrey and Kent (d. 1592)",
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37868096,
35529
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[
1,
15
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[
48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mary Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton, Lady of English peer and others (d. 1607)",
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14550396,
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[
1,
42
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[
80,
84
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},
{
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
23
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44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 Muhammad Qadiri, Founder of the Naushahia branch of the Qadri order (d. 1654)",
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27
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]
},
{
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1,
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12,
27
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53
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},
{
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1,
13
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[
15,
29
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[
84,
90
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[
102,
106
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, German botanist (d. 1599)",
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1,
13
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[
15,
40
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[
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66
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]
},
{
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1,
13
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15,
29
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (d. 1612)",
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1223138,
35098
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1,
13
],
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20,
39
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[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 Flaminio Scala, Italian playwright and stage actor (d. 1624)",
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34585
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
29
],
[
70,
74
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 6 Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit missionary to China (d. 1610)",
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35097
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
24
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 11 Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1553)",
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22440,
34318239,
38667
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
49
],
[
78,
82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 ",
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22545
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Elisabeth of Saxony, Countess Palatine of Simmern (d. 1590)",
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38590
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[
0,
19
],
[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Francis Cherry, English diplomat (d. 1605)",
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26574272,
35085
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[
0,
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[
37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 23 Odet de Turnèbe, French dramatist (d. 1581)",
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Simón de Rojas, Spanish saint (d. 1624)",
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34585
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
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[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi, Moroccan writer, judge and mathematician (d. 1616)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
31
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82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, English politician and Earl (d. 1616)",
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
52
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[
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90
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Seonjo of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1608)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
30
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[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire, English politician and Earl (d. 1626)",
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8452,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
55
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[
89,
93
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 29 Henri I de Bourbon, prince de Condé (d. 1588)",
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8893,
691955,
35147
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
49
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Simon Forman, English occultist and astrologer (d. 1611)",
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8204,
2058523,
34992
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
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[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Date unknown:",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Hans von Aachen, German mannerist painter (d. 1615)",
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255868,
35105
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[
1,
16
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Aufield, English Catholic martyr (d. 1585)",
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868275,
35837
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[
1,
15
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49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Bertaut, French poet (d. 1611)",
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287089,
34992
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[
1,
13
],
[
31,
35
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philemon Holland, English translator (d. 1637)",
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1079497,
35193
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[
1,
17
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[
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46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Prince Masahito, Japanese prince (d. 1586)",
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14569591,
38593
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[
1,
16
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[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lady Saigō, Japanese concubine (d. 1589)",
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30268493,
38591
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[
1,
11
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36,
40
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},
{
"plaintext": " Dom Justo Takayama, Japanese daimyo (d. 1615)",
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1066264,
35105
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[
1,
19
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41,
45
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},
{
"plaintext": " Anthony Tyrrell, Roman Catholic renegade priest and spy (d. circa 1610)",
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35097
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1,
16
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul, French diplomat (d. 1636)",
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649206,
34935
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[
1,
40
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cvijeta Zuzorić, Croatian poet (d. 1648)",
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34685
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[
1,
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Miguel de Benavides, Spanish clergyman and sinologist (d. 1605)",
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25534430,
35085
],
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[
1,
20
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " Francisco Goméz de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma, Spanish politician (d. 1625)",
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424345,
35140
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[
1,
51
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 3 Henry of the Palatinate, bishop of Utrecht (b. 1487)",
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1,
10
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[
12,
35
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 10 Johann Cochlaeus, German humanist and controversialist (b. 1479)",
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16076,
334737,
39496
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
29
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, English politician (b. 1509)",
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15940,
72188,
38700
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[
1,
11
],
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13,
49
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1479)",
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11021,
31445911,
39496
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
41
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 20 Anne Parr, Countess of Pembroke, English countess (b. 1515)",
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11025,
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38693
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
45
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[
68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Heinrich Faber, German composer (b. 1500)",
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11141,
359222,
35019
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Guru Angad, Indian religious leader (b. 1504)",
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20586,
518621,
38702
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[
1,
9
],
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11,
21
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 Olaus Petri, Swedish clergyman (b. 1493)",
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368650,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
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[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 18 John Leland, English historian (b. 1502)",
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149522,
38705
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1,
9
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11,
22
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[
46,
50
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Petrus Apianus, German astronomer (b. 1495)",
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36173
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1,
9
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11,
25
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 26 Sebastian Münster, German cartographer and cosmographer (b. 1488)",
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38378,
39490
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[
1,
7
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9,
26
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[
69,
73
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Alexander Barclay, British poet (b. 1476)",
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15805,
151737,
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] | [
"1552"
] | 6,565 | 364 | 121 | 294 | 0 | 0 | 1552 | year | [
"MDLII"
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38,670 | 1,100,083,438 | 1551 | [
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
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"plaintext": " George Tuchet, 1st Earl of Castlehaven (d. 1617)",
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{
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},
{
"plaintext": " Patrick Galloway, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (d. c.1626)",
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] | [
"1551"
] | 6,560 | 417 | 84 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 1551 | year | [
"MDLI"
] |
38,671 | 1,100,083,525 | 1547 | [
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{
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jörg Breu the Younger, German painter (b. 1510)",
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1,
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"plaintext": " Meera (Mirabai), Rajput princess (b. 1498)",
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"plaintext": " Photisarath, King of Laos (b. 1501)",
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] | [
"1547"
] | 6,547 | 491 | 108 | 237 | 0 | 0 | 1547 | year | [] |
38,672 | 1,100,083,481 | 1548 | [
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"plaintext": " May Carel van Mander, Dutch painter and poet (d. 1606)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 26 Bernardino Poccetti, Italian painter (d. 1612)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 2 Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (d. 1616)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Filippo Boncompagni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 William V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1626)",
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},
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"plaintext": " October 4 Matsumae Yoshihiro, Japanese daimyō of Ezochi (Hokkaidō) (d. 1616)",
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1,
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12,
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73,
77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 27 Jacopo Mazzoni, Italian philosopher (d. 1598)",
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28
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[
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58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal, Grandee of Spain (d. 1601)",
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1,
12
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 David Pareus, German theologian (d. 1622)",
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
26
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[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " approx. date Ma Shouzhen, Chinese courtesan, painter, composer, and poet (d. 1604)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (d. 1600)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Oda Nagamasu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1622)",
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[
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]
},
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"plaintext": "Luis Barahona de Soto, Spanish poet (d. 1595)",
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},
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"plaintext": "William Stanley, English soldier (d. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Saitō Tatsuoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1573)",
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0,
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},
{
"plaintext": "Sidonia von Borcke, German noble and alleged witch (d. 1620)",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish composer (d. 1611)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 2,
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},
{
"plaintext": "Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (d. 1624)",
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[
0,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Francesco Soriano, Italian composer (d. 1621)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Mariangiola Criscuolo, Italian painter (d. 1630)",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Simon Stevin, Flemish mathematician and engineer (d. 1620)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 9 Matthäus Zell, German Lutheran pastor (b. 1477)",
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12,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer (b. 1490)",
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28
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (b. 1514)",
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1,
12
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14,
34
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[
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72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Itagaki Nobukata, Japanese retainer",
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1,
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11,
27
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},
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"plaintext": " March 24 Gissur Einarsson, first Lutheran bishop in Iceland",
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27
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},
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34
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},
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"plaintext": " June 3 Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico (b. 1468)",
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7
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26
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},
{
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23
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53
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20
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49
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},
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"plaintext": " July 4 Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg, German duke (b. 1503)",
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1,
7
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43
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65
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]
},
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"plaintext": " July 29 Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo, Italian abbot, Marquess of Saluzzo (b. 1501)",
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10,
36
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},
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11,
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69,
73
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12
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14,
28
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54,
75
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[
83,
87
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 8 John III of Pernstein, Bohemian land-owner, Governor of Moravia and Count of Kladsko (b. 1487)",
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"plaintext": " October 27 Johannes Dantiscus, Polish poet and Bishop of Warmia (b. 1485)",
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74
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{
"plaintext": " November 16 Caspar Creuziger, German humanist (b. 1504)",
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"plaintext": " December 27 Francesco Spiera, Italian Protestant jurist (b. 1502)",
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30
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66
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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38,674 | 1,100,083,434 | 1549 | [
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"plaintext": " Although trade existed between the two beforehand, in this year the Portuguese begin to send regular seasonal maritime trade missions to Ming Dynasty China, at Sao João Island (also known as Shangchuan Island) near Macau.",
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"plaintext": " Siege of Kajiki: firearms are used for the first time in a siege in Japanese history. (The previous year's Battle of Uedahara was the first battle in which they were used.)",
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"plaintext": " Excerpta antiqua is published by Hervagius at Basel, Switzerland.",
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"plaintext": " January 26 Francesco Bassano the Younger, Italian painter (d. 1592)",
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1,
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51,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Christine of Saxony, German noble (b. 1505)",
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1010,
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38701
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1,
9
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11,
30
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49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, English earl (b. 1498)",
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2734,
18697021,
35500
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1,
9
],
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11,
49
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68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 11 María de Toledo, Vicereine and regent of the Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo (b. 1490)",
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 26 Luis Cáncer, Spanish Dominican priest, missionary, martyr and servant of God (b. 1500)",
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15800,
2896681,
8973,
35019
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
21
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[
31,
40
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 19 Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield, English baron (b. 1521)",
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16091,
15832233,
35225
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1,
8
],
[
10,
47
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67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg, Prince of Lüneburg and Baron of Harburg (b. 1495)",
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26918254,
36173
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
45
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[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 10 Anthony Denny, confidant of Henry VIII of England (b. 1501)",
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28020,
675134,
14187,
38706
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
28
],
[
43,
64
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Benedetto Accolti the Younger, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1497)",
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27532,
14781181,
39485
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
44
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[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel, French nobility (b. 1491)",
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22434,
21619734,
39488
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
47
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 Pope Paul III (b. 1468)",
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21760,
47437,
39501
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
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[
32,
36
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester (b. 1496)",
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21581,
557621,
39486
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
51
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Robert Kett, English rebel (executed)",
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8144,
264784
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
24
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Marguerite de Navarre, queen of Henry II of Navarre (b. 1492)",
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8850,
2764030,
149460,
34599
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
46,
65
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Daniel Bomberg, Brabantian printer",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1392272
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
]
]
}
] | [
"1549"
] | 6,554 | 402 | 84 | 216 | 0 | 0 | 1549 | year | [
"MDXLIX"
] |
38,675 | 1,100,083,406 | 1545 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1545 (MDXLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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11,
16
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102,
117
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Magnus Heinason, Faroese naval hero (d. 1589)",
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1,
10
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12,
27
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52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 11 Guidobaldo del Monte, Italian mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (d. 1607)",
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1987589,
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],
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1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
89,
93
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March Gaspare Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon and anatomist (d. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1278609,
38588
],
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[
8,
27
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 2 Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and scholar, founder of the Bodleian Library, Oxford (d. 1613)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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19516,
304308,
35100
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
23
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[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, German bishop (d. 1617)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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7275736,
34892
],
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
40
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg (d. 1622)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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2256735,
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
57
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[
101,
105
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 1 Peder Claussøn Friis, Norwegian clergyman and author (d. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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15370249,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Elisabeth of Valois, queen of Philip II of Spain (d. 1568)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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956135,
54386,
34960
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
40,
58
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Duke of Oels (1565–1617), Duke of Bernstadt (1604–1617) (d. 1617)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1010,
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34892
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
44
],
[
106,
110
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton, English earl (d. 1581)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
2734,
6717394,
38596
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
53
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 28 Yi Sun-sin, Korean naval commander (d. 1598)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1639,
224416,
34928
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
21
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Franciscus Junius, French theologian (d. 1602)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19348,
3128711,
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],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
25
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg (d. 1569)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19660,
33044641,
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],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Jerome Gratian, Spanish Carmelite and writer (d. 1614)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15794,
8575039,
35102
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Naitō Nobunari, Japanese samurai and daimyō of Omi Province (d. 1612)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15816,
15901231,
35098
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Princess Anna Maria of Sweden, Swedish royal (d. 1610)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15817,
11280726,
35097
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
39
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 8 Don Carlos of Spain, son of Philip II of Spain (d. 1568)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15874,
280993,
54386,
34960
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
28
],
[
37,
55
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 Andrew Melville, Scottish theologian and religious reformer (d. 1622)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1254,
334684,
34973
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1592)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1013,
175056,
35529
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 7 Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern, First Count of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1605)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27949,
34276226,
35085
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
55
],
[
99,
103
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Yamanaka Yukimori, Japanese samurai (d. 1578)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28148,
14987379,
38599
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
32
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst, Abbess of Gernrode and Frose, later Countess of Barby-Mühlingen (d. 1574)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22555,
34176301,
34759
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
109,
113
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 John Juvenal Ancina, Italian oratorian and bishop (d. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22568,
7797981,
35084
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1592)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21575,
23738757,
35529
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Ana de Jesús, Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun and spiritual writer (d. 1621)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21580,
32876134,
35110
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
85,
89
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Janus Dousa, Dutch historian and noble (d. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8352,
3031514,
35084
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
24
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1567)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8144,
70208,
20603,
38606
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
52,
72
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " George Bannatyne, collector of Scottish poems (d. 1608)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
149957,
34591
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Field, British Puritan clergyman and controversialist (d. 1588)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1658418,
35147
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Gerard, English botanist (d. 1612)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
482347,
35098
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ismihan Sultan, Ottoman princess, daughter of Selim II and wife of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (d. 1585)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
44174717,
35837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
93,
97
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Morgan, Welsh Bible translator (d. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
219015,
35084
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Azai Nagamasa, Japanese nobleman (d. 1573)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
366832,
34757
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mashita Nagamori, Japanese warlord (d. 1615)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1654271,
35105
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable Nicholas Breton, English poet and novelist (d. 1626)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
229187,
34586
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[
11,
26
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 16 George Spalatin, German reformer (b. 1484)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1857945,
39494
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 or April 2 Stanisław Odrowąż, Polish noble (b. 1509)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11158,
1777,
1515393,
38700
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[
1,
12
],
[
16,
23
],
[
25,
42
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Antonio de Guevara, Spanish chronicler and moralist (b. 1481)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2279,
298351,
34886
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Costanzo Festa, Italian composer (b. 1495)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2564,
631259,
36173
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 22 Louis X, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1496)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1710,
3577781,
39486
],
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[
1,
9
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[
11,
35
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 Jobst II, Count of Hoya (b. 1493)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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2733,
34936436,
36887
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, English noblewoman (b. c. 1477)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8895607,
36172
],
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[
6,
38
],
[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 Sher Shah Suri, Indian ruler (b. 1486)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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797298,
39492
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 John Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1472–1545) (b. 1472)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19279145,
34800931,
39499
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
48
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 12 Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1517)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15806,
655728,
38691
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
37
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (b. 1526)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15936,
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{
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"plaintext": " July 12 Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal (b. 1527)",
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},
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11,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician and husband of Mary Tudor (b. c. 1484)",
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1,
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84,
94
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102,
106
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 Piotr Gamrat, Polish Catholic archbishop (b. 1487)",
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1,
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12,
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},
{
"plaintext": " September",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hans Baldung, German artist (b. 1480)",
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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{
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1,
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Latimer, English churchman and scholar (b. c. 1467)",
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[
1,
16
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},
{
"plaintext": " Fernão Lopez, Portuguese renegade",
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1,
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]
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},
{
"plaintext": " Vicente Masip, Spanish painter (b. 1506)",
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[
1,
14
],
[
36,
40
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]
}
] | [
"1545"
] | 6,531 | 426 | 107 | 173 | 0 | 0 | 1545 | year | [] |
38,676 | 1,085,769,804 | 1544 | [
{
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{
"plaintext": " January 19 King Francis II of France (d. 1560)",
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},
{
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{
"plaintext": " February 3 César de Bus, French Catholic priest (d. 1607)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 11 Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1595)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April Thomas Fleming, English judge (d. 1613)",
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"plaintext": " April 20 Renata of Lorraine, duchess consort of Bavaria (d. 1602)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 24 William Gilbert, English scientist and astronomer (d. 1603)",
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},
{
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"plaintext": " September 1 John Gordon, Scottish bishop (d. 1619)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 Giovanni de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1562)",
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},
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"plaintext": " November 1 Hasan Kafi Pruščak, Bosnian scholar and judge (d. 1615)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Dorothea Susanne of Simmern, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1592)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Anna of Saxony, only child and heiress of Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d. 1577)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1610)",
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1,
17
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19,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Hobson, English carrier and origin of the phrase Hobson's choice (d. 1631)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Maddalena Casulana, Italian composer, lutenist and singer (d. 1590)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " George Whetstone, English writer (d. 1587)",
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314354,
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[
1,
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},
{
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11,
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},
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"plaintext": " March 22 Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (b. 1488)",
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1529389,
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1,
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Thomas Audley, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1488)",
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9
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11,
24
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 14 Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1489)",
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10,
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44
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 15 René of Châlon, Prince of the House of Orange (b. 1519)",
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1,
8
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10,
24
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60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 Eleonore of Fürstenberg, wife of Philip IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1523)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
33
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[
85,
89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19 Hans Buser, Swiss noble (b. 1513)",
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1,
10
],
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12,
22
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[
40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Clément Marot, French poet (b. 1496)",
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163771,
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1,
13
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15,
28
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46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 Valerius Cordus, German physician and scientist (b. 1515)",
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1,
13
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[
15,
30
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67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy, English courtier and patron of learning (b. 1516)",
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
47
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[
93,
97
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 Antonio Pucci, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1485)",
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1,
11
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13,
26
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58,
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Ursula van Beckum, Dutch Anapabtist (b. 1520)",
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1,
12
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14,
31
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Lucy Brocadelli, Dominican tertiary and stigmatic (b. 1476)",
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21763,
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[
1,
12
],
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14,
29
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Jungjong of Joseon (b. 1488)",
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1,
12
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14,
32
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37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 9 Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (b. 1491)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
28
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[
47,
51
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ulick na gCeann Burke, 1st Earl of Clanricarde",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Chen Chun, Chinese painter (b. 1483)",
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1,
10
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32,
36
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},
{
"plaintext": " Margaret Roper, English writer (b. 1505)",
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38701
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[
1,
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36,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Nilakantha Somayaji, Indian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1444)",
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1156676,
39928
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[
1,
20
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},
{
"plaintext": " Manco Inca Yupanqui, Inca ruler (b. 1516)",
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1,
20
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},
{
"plaintext": " Bonaventure des Périers, French author (b. 1500)",
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[
1,
24
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[
44,
48
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]
}
] | [
"1544"
] | 6,525 | 349 | 70 | 108 | 0 | 0 | 1544 | year | [
"MDXLIV"
] |
38,677 | 1,103,664,881 | 1541 | [
{
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{
"plaintext": "Year 1541 (MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 8 Michele Mercati, Italian physician and gardener (d. 1593)",
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"plaintext": " April 12 Ipatii Potii, Metropolitan of Kiev (d. 1613)",
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"plaintext": " El Greco, or Domênikos Theotokópoulos (Greek: Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος), Cretian painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1614)",
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38,678 | 1,107,628,199 | 2002_Winter_Olympics | [
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"plaintext": "The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 (; Gosiute Shoshoni: Tit'-so-pi 2002; ; Shoshoni: Soónkahni 2002), was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from February 8 to 24, 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.",
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"plaintext": "The torch relay ceremonially began on November 19, 2001, with the traditional kindling of an Olympic flame in Athens, Greece. On December 3, Greek skier Thanassis Tsailas lit the first torch from the cauldron, and transferred its flame to a ceremonial lantern for transport to Atlanta, where it arrived on December 4 to officially launch the U.S. leg of the relay. The route of the relay covered , passed through 300 communities and 46 U.S. states, and was carried by 12,012 torchbearers.",
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"plaintext": "In February 1999, in response to the bid scandal and a financial shortfall for the Games, Mitt Romney, then CEO of the private equity firm Bain Capital (and future U.S. presidential candidate, U.S. Senator, and Governor of Massachusetts), was hired as the new president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee. Romney, Kem C. Gardner, a Utah commercial real estate developer, and Don Stirling, the Olympics' local marketing chief, raised \"millions of dollars from Mormon families with pioneer roots: the Eccles family, whose forebears were important industrialists and bankers\" to help rescue the Games, according to a later report. An additional US$410million was received from the federal government. U.S. federal subsidies amounted to $1.3billion (for infrastructure improvements only), compared to $45billion of federal funding received by the organizing committee of the 2014 Winter Olympics from the Russian government. The Games were financially successful, raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, which left SLOC with a surplus of $40million. The surplus was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation, which maintains and operates many of the remaining Olympic venues.",
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"plaintext": "The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympics at US$2.5billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 24% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee to stage the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost and cost overrun for Salt Lake City 2002 compares with costs of US$2.5billion and a cost overrun of 13% for Vancouver 2010, and costs of US$51billion and a cost overrun of 289% for Sochi 2014, the latter being the most costly Olympics to date. The average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is US$3.1billion, average cost overrun is 142%.",
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"plaintext": "New facilities built for the Games included the Utah Olympic Oval in Kearns, Utah Olympic Park in Summit County, The Ice Sheet at Ogden, and Soldier Hollow at the Wasatch Mountain State Park—the furthest competition venue from Salt Lake City. The E Center in West Valley City and the Peaks Ice Arena in Provo were also built with support from the SLOC, and co-hosted hockey.",
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"plaintext": "The opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at Rice–Eccles Stadium at the University of Utah on February 8, 2002. The facility was renovated and expanded for the Games. The Games were officially opened by President George W. Bush, while the Olympic cauldron was lit by members of the gold medal-winning U.S. ice hockey team from the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York (as made famous by the \"Miracle on ice\").",
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"plaintext": "In an acknowledgment of the September 11 attacks, the ceremony opened with the entrance of a damaged American flag recovered from the wreckage of the World Trade Center, carried by an honor guard of athletes nominated by fellow members of the U.S. team (as with the main flagbearer), and police officers from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the New York City Police Department, and firefighters from the New York City Fire Department. The flag was presented during the playing of the U.S. national anthem \"The Star-Spangled Banner\", as performed by the Tabernacle Choir.",
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"plaintext": "The Olympic cauldron was designed to look like an icicle and was made of glass, allowing the fire to be seen burning within, reflecting the Games' slogan \"Light the Fire Within\" and an overarching \"fire and ice\" theme. The actual glass cauldron stands atop a twisting glass and steel support, is high, and the flame within burns at . Together with its support, the cauldron stands tall and was made of 738 individual pieces of glass. Small jets send water down the glass sides of the cauldron to keep the glass and metal cooled (so they would not crack or melt) and give the effect of melting ice. The cauldron was designed by WET Design of Los Angeles, its frame built by roller coaster manufacturer Arrow Dynamics of Clearfield, Utah, and its glass pieces created by Western Glass of Ogden, Utah. The cauldron's cost was $2million, and it was unveiled to the public when originally installed at Rice–Eccles Stadium on January 8, 2002.",
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"plaintext": "The 2002 Winter Olympics featured 78 medal events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports, an increase of 10 events over the 1998 Winter Olympics. Skeleton made its return to the Winter Olympic program for the first time since 1948, while a women's event was contested for the first time in bobsleigh.",
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"plaintext": " Curling",
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"plaintext": " Ice hockey",
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"plaintext": " Luge",
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"plaintext": " Skating",
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"plaintext": " Skiing",
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"plaintext": "Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.",
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"plaintext": "A total of 78 teams qualified at least one athlete to compete in the Games. Five NOCs made their Winter Olympic debut in Salt Lake, including Cameroon, Hong Kong, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand.",
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"plaintext": "In the following calendar for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport are held. The number in each box represents the number of finals that were contested on that day.",
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"plaintext": "All dates are in Mountain Standard Time (UTC−7)",
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"plaintext": "Several medal records were set and/or tied, including:",
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"plaintext": " Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, with 13.",
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"plaintext": " Germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36.",
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"plaintext": " The United States set a record for most gold medals at a home Winter Olympics, with 10, tying Norway at the 1994 Winter Olympics.",
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"plaintext": "All of the above records were broken at the Vancouver Olympics in 2010.",
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"plaintext": "The closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics was held on February 24, 2002, at the Rice–Eccles Stadium University of Utah closing ceremonies set designed by Seven Nielsen. It was narrated by Utah natives Donny and Marie Osmond (who voiced animatronic dinosaur skeletons designed by Michael Curry), it featured performances by a number of musicians and bands, including Bon JovI, Christina Aguilera, Creed, Dianne Reeves, Donny and Marie Osmond, Earth, Wind & Fire, Gloria Estefan, Harry Connick Jr., Kiss, Moby and Angie Stone, NSYNC, R. Kelly, Sting, Willie Nelson, and Yo Yo Ma. It also featured appearances by figure skaters such as Kurt Browning, Dorothy Hamill, and Ilia Kulick, as well as dancer Savion Glover.",
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"plaintext": "Departing from Juan Antonio Samaranch's tradition of declaring each Olympics the \"best ever\", IOC president Jacques Rogge began a tradition of assigning each Games their own identity in his comments, describing the 2002 Winter Olympics as having been \"flawless\".",
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"plaintext": "Italian singers Irene Grandi and Elisa performed during the cultural presentation by Turin, host city of the 2006 Winter Olympics, while Josh Groban and Charlotte Church performed a duet of \"The Prayer\" as the Olympic flame was extinguished.",
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"plaintext": " Competition highlights included biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen of Norway, winning gold in all four men's events (10km, 12.5km, 20km, 4 x 7.5km relay), Nordic combined athlete Samppa Lajunen of Finland winning three gold medals, Simon Ammann of Switzerland taking the double in ski jumping. In alpine skiing, Janica Kostelić won three golds and a silver (the first Winter Olympic medals ever for an athlete from Croatia), while Kjetil André Aamodt of Norway earned his second and third career golds, setting up both athletes to beat the sport's record with their fourth golds earned at the next Winter Olympics near Turin (Aamodt also set the overall medal record in the sport with eight).",
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"plaintext": " Team GB's victory in Women's Curling saw them win their first gold medal in any Winter Olympic sport since Torvill and Dean in 1984. ",
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"plaintext": " A feature of these Games was the emergence of extreme sports, such as snowboarding, moguls, and aerials, which appeared in previous Olympic Winter Games but subsequently captured greater public attention.",
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"plaintext": " The United States completed a sweep of the podium in halfpipe snowboarding, with Americans Ross Powers, Danny Kass, and Jarret Thomas all winning medals.",
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"plaintext": " American Sarah Hughes won the gold medal in ladies' singles figure skating. Her team-mate Michelle Kwan fell during her long program and received the bronze medal.",
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"plaintext": " China won its first and second Winter Olympic gold medals, both by women's short-track speed skater Yang Yang (A).",
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"plaintext": " In the men's 1000m competition in short-track speed skating, Australian Steven Bradbury (who had won a bronze in 1994 as part of a relay team) became both the first-ever Australian, and the first-ever athlete from a country in the Southern Hemisphere, to win a gold medal at the Winter Olympics. Despite being off their pace, Bradbury benefitted from crashes involving his opponents in both the semi-finals and finals, with the latter occurring coming out of the final turn. A few days later in women's aerials, Australian skier Alisa Camplin won Australia's second gold medal. After the Games, the phrase \"doing a Bradbury\" would become a local idiom for an unexpected victory in a sporting event at the expense of one's opponents, and was added to the second edition of The Australian National Dictionary in 2016.",
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"plaintext": "Belarus's Vladimir Kopat scored a game winning goal from center ice against Sweden in the men's ice hockey quarterfinals, getting Belarus to their best place in international hockey so far.",
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"plaintext": "The overall branding of the 2002 Winter Olympics was based on a concept entitled \"Land of Contrast — Fire and Ice\", which featured a palette of warm and cool colors to contrast the warmer, rugged, red-rock areas of Southern Utah from the colder, mountainous regions of Northern Utah.",
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"plaintext": "The designs of the mascots of the 2002 Winter Olympics were unveiled on May 19, 1999, during an event marking 1,000 days until the opening ceremony. The mascots represent three animals native to the western United States — a snowshoe hare, coyote, and American black bear respectively, with each mascot symbolizing a character from the legends of local Native Americans, and wearing a charm around their neck with an original Anasazi or Fremont-style petroglyph. For the first time in Olympic history, the names of the mascots were determined by a public vote, using name suggestions submitted by local students; on September 25, the names of the mascots were officially announced as Powder, Copper, and Coal respectively.",
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"plaintext": "The 2002 Winter Olympics brought a huge amount of success to the Utah skiing industry. Since hosting the Winter Games, Utah has seen a 42% increase in skier and snowboarder visits –11. This increase resulted in direct expenditures from skiers and snowboarders growing 67% from $704million in 2002–2003 to $1.2billion in 2010–2011.",
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"plaintext": "Fourteen venues were constructed or expanded in preparation for the Winter Games. One of the venues constructed for the Games was the Utah Olympic Park, which has proven to be one of the most successful venues to date because it has been maintained in top competition form. Owing to the routine maintenance of the park, Utah has been able to host a large number of winter competitions since 2002, including more than 60 World Cup events (e.g. the FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup), as well as seven world championships, and various other sporting events. Hosting these high-profile competitions has resulted in approximately $1billion being injected into the local economy. During 2013–2014, Utah held 16 various winter sport events, bringing $27.3million to the economy of Utah. After holding the Olympics, Utah became home to two National Governing Bodies of Sport. The U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association is headquartered in Park City, Utah and the U.S. Olympic speed skating team is based out of the Utah Olympic Oval.",
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"plaintext": "The University of Utah was one of the hosts of the 2002 Winter Olympics; the planning committee approached the University of Utah and asked them to build several student dormitories which would serve as athletes' accommodation during the Games. It was agreed that the university would pay approximately $98million out of the total required amount of $110million to complete the construction. As a result, students of the university have benefited as almost 3,500 of them would be housed here after the Games. This was a great economic benefit to the university since the amount of money used to complete such dormitories could take long to be afforded. The university was also asked to expand Rice Eccles Stadium to accommodate 50,000 people up from 32,000. The university would then be refunded almost $59million and be given an extra $40million for its maintenance. ",
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"plaintext": "The 2002 Olympic Games also benefited the university economically since the Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park was elevated by the renovations that took place. Ice rinks were very scarce in Utah, but they became plentiful and offered several entertainment and training opportunities for hockey players and figure skaters due to the Olympic Games. The Cauldron Park located at the University of Utah which was built with $6.5million in profits and had the following features: a visitors' center which had a theater that showed a thrilling movie about the Olympic Games of 2002 and a \"park\" which had a dazzling pool and a V-shaped stone wall with the names of all the medalists of the 2002 Olympic Games. Besides, the park had 17 plates that hung on the stadium's fence celebrating the highlights of each day of the Olympics. All these features acted as tourist attraction that boosted the economic development of the university. In addition, it is indicated that the approximate value of media exposure through print during the Games was equated to $22.9million. Mainly, this was a huge economic benefit to the university as more and more people got to know about the educational establishment, and this also boosted enrollment and future development.",
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"plaintext": "Holger Preuss in his book The Economics of Staging the Olympics: A Comparison of the Games 1972–2008 argues that \"The export of the 'Olympic Games' service results in an inflow of funds to the host city, causing additional production which, in its turn, leads to employment and income effects.\" According to the study \"2002 Olympic Winter Games, Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Impacts\", the estimated creation of new job years of employment was 35,424, and additional earnings of $1,544,203,000. It was noted that the increase of Olympic related job started in 1996 and continued until 2003. These effects can be estimated on the ground of historical relationship between job and corresponding population growth. A lot of people migrated into the future place of the Olympic Games for expanding and favorable employment opportunities that the Olympics ensured. Although residents occupied many of the higher paying jobs created by the Games, many of the vacated jobs were filled by immigrants who relocated for the better employment opportunities.",
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"plaintext": "Basically, the immigration rate was even larger because the employees immigrated with their families. The additional people paid diverse taxes and fees from their income, creating additional revenue on the state and local levels.",
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"plaintext": "Olympic related jobs in Utah started in 1996 with slight job opportunities of less than 100. However, from the job measurement conducted from 1996 to 2002, steady attainment of job opportunities established and a maximum level was noted in 2001 where there were 12,500 job opportunities attained yearly, and approximately 25,070 jobs created in 2002. Therefore, from 1996 to 2002 the sum of employment equated to 35,000 jobs which lasted a year. February 2002 is when the highest employment opportunities were created compared to other years. There were around 25,070 job opportunities created compared to 35,000 created from 1996 to 2001.",
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"plaintext": "It is difficult to quantify the impact of the 2002 Olympics on the unemployment rates in Utah, due mostly to the effect of the early 2000s recession. In 1996, the unemployment rate in Utah was approximately 3.4%, while the U.S. national average was 5.4% and by the end of 2001, the unemployment rate in Utah was around 4.8%, while the national average had risen to 5.7%. There was a high percentage of visitors to the Games, which raised the number of tourists whose consumption and demand prompted the establishment of job opportunities to meet the demands.",
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"plaintext": "In 2017, an exploratory committee was formed to consider a Salt Lake City bid for a future Winter Olympics. In December 2018, the United States Olympic Committee (USOC, now the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee [USOPC]) named Salt Lake City as its preferred candidate to bid for a future Winter Olympics, citing that its experience and existing venues could be leveraged. In February 2022, amid the 2022 Winter Olympics and the 20th anniversary of the Games in Salt Lake City, the USOPC stated that it was \"already in dialogue with the IOC, not yet for a specific year but as part of their evolving process\", and acknowledged that there was \"very high excitement and support from the local population.\"",
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"plaintext": "The 2002 Winter Olympics were the first Winter Olympics held after the formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency, resulting in the first instances of athletes being disqualified for failing drug testing. Athletes in cross-country skiing were disqualified for various reasons, including doping by two Russians and one Spaniard, leading Russia to file protests and threaten to withdraw from the competition.",
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"plaintext": "A major scandal emerged during the pairs figure skating competition; the Canadian pair of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier narrowly lost to the Russian pair of Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze, despite the Canadians being deemed the favorites to win after their free skate program. The French judge Marie-Reine Le Gougne alleged that the head of the French Federation of Ice Sports, Didier Gailhaguet, had pressured her to judge the competition in favor of Russia regardless of performance. Amid criticisms of the incident by both Canadian and American media outlets, and suspicions that this was part of a vote swapping scheme with Russia to benefit the French ice dance team, the International Skating Union (ISU) voted to suspend Le Gougne for failing to immediately inform officials of Gailhaguet's actions. They also recommended to the IOC that the gold medal be jointly awarded to both pairs. An IOC panel voted in favor of the motion, resulting in both Salé and Pelletier, as well as Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze, being jointly awarded gold medals.",
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"plaintext": "In the final race A, with one lap remaining and currently in second place, Apolo Ohno of the United States attempted to make a pass on the leader Kim Dong-Sung of South Korea, who then drifted to the inside and as a result, Ohno raised his arms to imply he was blocked. Kim finished first ahead of Ohno, but the Australian referee James Hewish disqualified Kim for what appeared to be impeding, awarding the gold medal to Ohno.",
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"plaintext": "The South Korean team immediately protested the decision of the chief official of the race, but their protests were denied by the International Skating Union (ISU). The South Korean team then appealed to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The IOC refused to see the case, stating, \"This is a matter for the ISU to decide on. At this time, the IOC has received no proposal and taken no action\".",
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"plaintext": "The disqualification of Kim upset South Korean supporters, many of whom directed their anger at Ohno and the IOC. A large number of e-mails protesting the race results crashed the IOC's email server, and thousands of accusatory letters, many of which contained death threats, were sent to Ohno and the IOC. South Korean media accused Ohno of simulating foul, using the Konglish word \"Hollywood action\". The controversy continued at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, held jointly in South Korea and Japan several months after the Olympics. When the South Korean soccer team scored a goal during the group stage match against the U.S. team, South Korean players Ahn Jung-Hwan and Lee Chun-Soo made an exaggerated move imitating the move Ohno had made during the speed skating event to imply the other athlete had drifted into his lane.",
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"plaintext": " 2007 Winter Deaflympics",
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"plaintext": " Competitors at the 2002 Winter Olympics",
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"plaintext": " Official Salt Lake 2002 Legacy website and archive of website on the Wayback Machine",
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"plaintext": " Olympic Legacy image archives – Utah State Historical Society",
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"plaintext": " 2002 Olympic Winter Games Museum in Park City, Utah",
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] | 9,668 | 12,172 | 2,890 | 233 | 0 | 0 | 2002 Winter Olympics | 19th edition of Winter Olympics, held in Salt Lake City (United States) in 2002 | [
"Salt Lake City 2002",
"Salt Lake 2002",
"SLC 2002"
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38,679 | 1,051,852,551 | 1538 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1538 (MDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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{
"plaintext": " Diane de France, illegitimate daughter of Henry II of France (d. 1619)",
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1,
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70
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Welsh-born statesman (d. 1601)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (d. 1568)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (d. 1607)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 8 Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1504)",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Albrecht Altdorfer, German painter (b. c. 1480)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège (b. 1472)",
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11,
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]
},
{
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 4 Elena Glinskaya, Regent of Russia (b. c. 1510)",
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1,
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 8 Edward Foxe, English churchman (b. 1496)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 15 Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1482)",
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1,
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53,
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 John Forest, English Franciscan friar (martyred) (b. 1471)",
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1,
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66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 22 Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1511–1538) (b. 1467)",
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1,
8
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10,
50
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67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 30 Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)",
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1,
8
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10,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 8 Diego de Almagro, Spanish conquistador (b. 1475)",
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1,
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25
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56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 14 Henry III of Nassau-Breda, Baron of Breda (b. 1483)",
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1059463,
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[
1,
13
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15,
40
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61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 28 Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme (b. 1515)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
30
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[
44,
68
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 20 Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, condottiero (b. 1490)",
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
59
],
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77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 John Lambert, English Protestant martyr (burned at stake)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (b. 1455)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre Gringoire, French poet and playwright (b. 1475)",
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[
1,
17
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54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Isabella Hoppringle, Scottish abbess and spy (b. 1460)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Paganino Paganini, Italian publisher (b. c. 1450)",
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] | [
"1538"
] | 6,470 | 362 | 97 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 1538 | year | [
"MDXXXVIII"
] |
38,680 | 1,070,197,084 | 1539 | [
{
"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Year 1539 (MDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 28 Nicolò Donato, Doge of Venice (d. 1618)",
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"plaintext": " February 13 Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine by marriage (1576-1582) (d. 1582)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 23 ",
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11008
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1,
12
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henry XI of Legnica, thrice Duke of Legnica (d. 1588)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire as a wife of Emperor Akbar (d. 1613)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 27 Franciscus Raphelengius, Dutch printer (d. 1597)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Christoph Pezel, German theologian (d. 1604)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Maria of Nassau, Countess of Nassau (d. 1599)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1603)",
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8
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 6 Amalia of Neuenahr, German noble (d. 1602)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 7 ",
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2735
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[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tobias Stimmer, Swiss artist (d. 1584)",
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38594
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[
1,
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38
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},
{
"plaintext": " Strange Jørgenssøn, Norwegian businessman (d. 1610)",
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51
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Archduchess Barbara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1572)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 22 Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (d. 1621)",
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1,
7
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45
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 29 Thomas Pounde, English Jesuit lay brother (d. 1613)",
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35100
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[
1,
7
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[
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22
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59
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia (1599-1610) (d. 1610)",
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1,
7
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[
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23
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Jost Amman, Swiss printmaker (d. 1591)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
20
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[
43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 William Darrell of Littlecote, English politician (d. 1589)",
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8
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10,
39
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68
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Louis VI, Elector Palatine (d. 1583)",
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[
1,
7
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[
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35
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[
40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (d. 1595)",
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1,
13
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[
15,
44
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[
88,
92
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 Peter Vok, Czech noble (d. 1611)",
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1,
10
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12,
21
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[
39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
26
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian (d. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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8353,
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35084
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 Paulus Melissus, German composer (d. 1602)",
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8849,
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
29
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[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 John Radcliffe, English politician (d. 1568)",
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8204,
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34960
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
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[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " José Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, Portuguese explorer (d. 1590)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
10466967,
38590
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
33
],
[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hasegawa Tōhaku, Japanese painter (d. 1610)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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201964,
35097
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Laurence Tomson, English Calvinist (d. 1608)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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[
1,
16
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[
40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Humphrey Gilbert, English adventurer, explorer, member of Parliament and soldier (d. 1583)",
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239157,
38595
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[
1,
17
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[
86,
90
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 24 Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist writer (b. 1509)",
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38700
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1,
11
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[
13,
33
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[
63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " February Narapati of Prome, king of Prome in Burma.",
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28875600,
28881609
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[
11,
28
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[
38,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 John III, Duke of Cleves (b. 1491)",
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723331,
39488
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
37
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[
42,
46
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 13 Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (b. 1474)",
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15401,
39498
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1,
12
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[
14,
29
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[
54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India (b. 1487)",
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36137
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1,
8
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10,
23
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58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English diplomat and politician (b.1477)",
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72165,
36172
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1,
9
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11,
47
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[
84,
88
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 Lord Edmund Howard, English nobleman (b. c. 1478))",
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36213
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1,
9
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11,
29
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[
55,
59
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},
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},
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},
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},
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " James Beaton, Scottish church leader (b. 1473)",
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},
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"plaintext": " Cura Ocllo, Inca queen",
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] | [
"1539"
] | 6,479 | 365 | 99 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 1539 | year | [
"MDXXXIX"
] |
38,681 | 1,104,399,264 | 1533 | [
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"plaintext": " January 28 Paul Luther, German scientist (d. 1593)",
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{
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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54
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
12
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91
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15,
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},
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"plaintext": " September 27 Stefan Batory, King of Poland (d. 1586)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 Henry V, Burgrave of Plauen (d. 1568)",
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1,
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese ruler (d. 1573)",
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1,
11
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13,
30
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Anna of Mecklenburg, duchess consort of Courland (1566-1587) (d. 1602)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
32
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82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian noble (d. 1597)",
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1,
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14,
48
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72
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 King Eric XIV of Sweden (d. 1577)",
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1,
12
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19,
37
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42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Eknath, Indian Marathi saint (d. 1599)",
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38588
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15,
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Amina, Queen of Zazzua (d. 1610)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cornelis Cort, Dutch engraver (d. 1578)",
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[
1,
14
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39
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},
{
"plaintext": " David Rizzio, Italian secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots (k. 1566)",
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1,
13
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36,
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61,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 19 John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, English soldier and statesman (b. 1467)",
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1,
9
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11,
44
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80,
84
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 King Frederick I of Denmark (b. 1471)",
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174710,
35498
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[
1,
9
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[
16,
38
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[
43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 28 Nicholas West, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461)",
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36303
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1,
9
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11,
24
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 John George, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian noble (b. 1488)",
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1,
9
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11,
46
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66,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June Bayin Htwe, king of Prome in Burma",
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17
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27,
32
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},
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39486
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1,
8
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[
10,
20
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[
31,
50
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[
55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 John Frith, English Protestant priest and martyr (b. 1503)",
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909472,
34971
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7
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9,
19
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62,
66
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},
{
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17901,
39498
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7
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25
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44,
48
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},
{
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11,
27
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]
},
{
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38705
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1,
8
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[
10,
19
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62,
66
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},
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12
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14,
29
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91,
95
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 17 Philip I, Margrave of Baden (b. 1479)",
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39496
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1,
13
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15,
42
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47,
51
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},
{
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39931
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1,
13
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15,
25
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50,
54
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 10 Severinus of Saxony, Prince of Saxony; died young (b. 1522)",
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1,
11
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13,
32
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67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October Túpac Huallpa, puppet ruler of Peru",
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22332,
1627672
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[
1,
8
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10,
23
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy (b. 1479)",
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1,
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13,
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52,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Alauddin Firuz Shah II, sultan of Bengal ",
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[
1,
23
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Duarte Pacheco Pereira, Portuguese explorer (b. c. 1460)",
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2036655
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Anne Rud, Danish noble and defender",
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38267974
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1,
9
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Fortún Ximénez, Spanish sailor and mutineer",
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507971
],
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[
1,
15
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable Girolamo del Pacchia, Italian painter (b. 1477)",
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871344,
36172
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11,
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53,
57
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]
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] | [
"1533"
] | 6,443 | 422 | 88 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 1533 | year | [] |
38,682 | 1,022,941,987 | 1532 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1532 (MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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},
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58,
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},
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"plaintext": " February 14 Richard Lowther, English soldier and official (d. 1607)",
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1,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " February 19 Jean-Antoine de Baïf, French poet and member of the Pléiade (d. 1589)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 Juan de Ribera, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1611)",
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14008705,
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],
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1,
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11,
25
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[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Pietro Pontio, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1596)",
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3056797,
35058
],
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1,
9
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[
11,
24
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Frederick of Denmark, Prince-bishop (d. 1556)",
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1,
9
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11,
31
],
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51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Martin Schalling the Younger, German theologian (d. 1608)",
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38015852,
34591
],
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1,
9
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[
11,
39
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63,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (d. 1568)",
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32380237,
34960
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
43
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[
68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Thomas Lucy, English politician (d. 1600)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1710745,
35017
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Giulio Antonio Santorio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15794,
26645394,
35083
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
32
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 7 Amy Robsart, wife of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1560)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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1115425,
51039,
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
20
],
[
30,
66
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern, countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (d. 1579)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15816,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
45
],
[
100,
104
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 16 Francis Coster, Brabantian Jesuit theologian, author (d. 1619)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15935,
6271961,
35108
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 ",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15812
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (probable; d. 1588)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
51039,
35147
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
37
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, German Protestant leader (d. 1592)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1825849,
35529
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
38
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 1 Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (d. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15844,
22973670,
35085
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
23
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (d. 1565)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15971,
21806995,
35229
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Alphonsus Rodriguez, Spanish Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15804,
5821597,
34892
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 14 Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, Member of the House of Habsburg (d. 1590)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1417,
35209295,
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
44
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1596)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22454,
2185082,
35058
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Yuri of Uglich, Prince of Uglich (d. 1563)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22436,
19087000,
38661
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 16 Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Abbess of Gandersheim, later Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1595)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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34317165,
34890
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
113,
117
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21526,
26447895,
35837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
50
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Bartholomäus Ringwaldt, German poet and theologian (d. 1599)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
21579,
33011543,
38588
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 7 Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein (d. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8144,
35953400,
35085
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
48
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 20 ",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8849
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1586)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
34246545,
38593
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
51
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Orazio Samacchini, Italian painter (d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
9130148,
38600
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Guilielmus Xylander, German classical scholar (d. 1576)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8360,
310253,
38601
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
33
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Abercromby, Scottish Jesuit missionary (d. 1613)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
49430,
35100
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Allen, English cardinal (d. 1594)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
297740,
34991
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hernando Franco, Spanish composer (d. 1585)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1449346,
35837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luís Fróis, Portuguese missionary (d. 1597)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
313300,
34718
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer (d. 1592)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
767287,
35529
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
26
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Hawkins, English navigator (d. 1595)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
382797,
34890
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Étienne Jodelle, French dramatist and poet (d. 1573)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
163712,
34757
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ralph Lane, English explorer (d. 1603)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
715937,
34891
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1585)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1430851,
35837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
40
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Norton, English lawyer (d. 1584)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
761943,
38594
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Tulsidas, medieval Hindi poet and philosopher (d. 1623)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
519079,
34687
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Flavio Orsini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1581)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6824748,
38596
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian portrait painter (d. 1625)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
28761,
35140
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
21
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll, Scottish politician (d. 1575)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
326692,
38603
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
39
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (d. 1594)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
185691,
34991
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May Elizabeth Stafford, Countess of Sussex",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19345,
7853658
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
4
],
[
6,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June Bernardino Luini, Italian painter (b. 1482)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15785,
1290221,
39495
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
5
],
[
7,
23
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Pompeo Colonna, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1479)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15802,
7562345,
606848,
39496
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
],
[
34,
48
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 John of Denmark, Danish prince (b. 1518)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2192,
34804069,
38690
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
27
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1448,
30870620,
39501
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
35
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 19 Caritas Pirckheimer, German nun (b. 1467)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1497,
21895686,
39502
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1012,
153644,
2345,
39510
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
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[
28,
52
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September Vlad VI Înecatul, Prince of Wallachia",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
27529,
3196894
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
28
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 Jan Mabuse, Flemish painter",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22340,
854380
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
22
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Louis Gonzaga (Rodomonte), Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. 1500)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8356,
38472821,
35019
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
38
],
[
82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532 (b. 1502)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8355,
3931490,
38705
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
52
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[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 11 Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8396,
1525535,
39508
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
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[
60,
64
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{
"plaintext": " December 13 Solomon Molcho, Portuguese mystic (b. 1500)",
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1,
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14,
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52,
56
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{
"plaintext": " December 30 Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Polish noble (b. 1467)",
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1,
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55,
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Andrea Riccio, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1470)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jeanne de la Font, French poet and culture patron (b. 1500)",
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[
1,
18
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55,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Huáscar, 12th Inca Emperor",
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446029
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[
1,
8
]
]
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] | [
"1532"
] | 6,436 | 478 | 83 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 1532 | year | [] |
38,683 | 1,089,094,625 | 1530 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1530 (MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1530th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 530th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 16th century, and the 1st year of the 1530s decade.",
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1,
11
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14,
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46,
52
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57,
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1,
12
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15,
45
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 – Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1578)",
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11363,
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1,
12
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15,
29
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64,
68
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},
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"plaintext": " February 26 – David Chytraeus, German historian and theologian (d. 1600)",
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1,
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1,
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12,
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52,
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"plaintext": " May 7 – Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French Protestant general (d. 1569)",
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1,
6
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9,
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76,
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{
"plaintext": " June 17 – François de Montmorency, French nobleman (d. 1579)",
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38598
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[
1,
8
],
[
11,
34
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[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 20 – Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg, German physician (d. 1598)",
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15818,
14249409,
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],
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[
1,
8
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[
11,
42
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 3 – Claude Fauchet, French historian (d. 1602)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 1 – Daniel, Count of Waldeck (d. 1577)",
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1,
9
],
[
12,
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41,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 11 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (d. 1565)",
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1,
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13,
29
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51,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 14 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1590)",
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1,
10
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[
13,
35
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77,
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 25 – Ivan IV of Russia (d. 1584)",
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[
1,
10
],
[
13,
30
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[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 30 – Geronimo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606)",
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35086
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[
1,
13
],
[
16,
35
],
[
75,
79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 – Walter Aston, English politician (d. 1589)",
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22340,
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[
1,
10
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13,
25
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 – Jacques Jonghelinck, Flemish sculptor (d. 1606)",
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],
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1,
11
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[
14,
33
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 – Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1587)",
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1,
11
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14,
47
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77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (d. 1563)",
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1,
11
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14,
34
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 – Josias Simler, Swiss scholar (d. 1576)",
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1,
11
],
[
14,
27
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[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 – Bernardino Realino, Italian Jesuit (d. 1616)",
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8357,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
32
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 – Nikolaus Selnecker, German musician (d. 1592)",
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8353,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
14,
32
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Julius Caesar Aranzi, Italian anatomist (d. 1589)",
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233790,
38591
],
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[
1,
21
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (d. 1569) ",
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[
1,
16
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39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christopher Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1581)",
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6666,
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[
1,
20
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Bodin, French jurist (d. 1596)",
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272095,
35058
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[
1,
11
],
[
31,
35
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pey de Garros, Provençal poet (d. 1585)",
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1062895,
35837
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[
1,
14
],
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35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki, Polish bishop, political thinker and philosopher (d. 1607)",
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358098,
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[
1,
29
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84,
88
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (d. 1566)",
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1079475,
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[
1,
12
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Kōriki Kiyonaga, Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods (d. 1608)",
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1751878,
34591
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[
1,
16
],
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77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (d. 1584)",
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474459,
38594
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[
1,
16
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36,
40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar (d. 1606)",
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[
1,
11
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45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Tarlton, English actor (d. 1588)",
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1458799,
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[
1,
16
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36,
40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mordecai Yoffe, Bohemian author of Levush Malkhut (d. 1612)",
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1053474,
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],
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[
1,
15
],
[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anastasia Romanovna, Russian Tsaritsa (d. 1560)",
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35145
],
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[
1,
20
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[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 2,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Moses Isserles, Polish rabbi and Talmudist (d. 1572)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1226858,
34686
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claude Le Jeune, French composer (d. 1600)",
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1634292,
35017
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[
1,
16
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38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gráinne O'Malley, Irish ruler (d. 1603)",
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[
1,
17
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35,
39
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Teodora Ginés, Dominican musician and composer (d. 1598)",
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39743475,
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1,
14
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52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Shane O'Neill, Irish chieftain and rebel (d. 1567)",
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297661,
38606
],
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[
1,
14
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chieftain of Tyrone (d. 1595)",
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297654,
34890
],
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1,
26
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58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (d. 1568)",
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34960
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[
1,
14
],
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39,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nicholas Sanders, English Catholic propagandist (d. 1581)",
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1,
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],
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53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ruy López de Segura, Spanish priest (d. 1580)",
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1,
20
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41,
45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 7 – Enrique de Cardona y Enríquez, Spanish Catholic cardinal and bishop (b. 1485)",
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1,
11
],
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14,
43
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86,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " February 24 – Properzia de' Rossi, Italian Renaissance sculptor (b. c. 1490)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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39489
],
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1,
12
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[
15,
34
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[
72,
76
]
]
},
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"plaintext": " April 12 – Joanna la Beltraneja, princess of Castile (b. 1462)",
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36221
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[
1,
9
],
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12,
32
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58,
62
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"plaintext": " May 3 – Stephen VII Báthory, Hungarian nobleman and military commander",
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[
1,
6
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9,
28
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]
},
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[
1,
7
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[
10,
27
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 – Mercurino di Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (b. 1465)",
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1,
7
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[
10,
32
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 – Boniface IV, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian nobleman (b. 1512)",
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1,
7
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10,
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72
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]
},
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"plaintext": " June 28 – Margaret of Münsterberg, Duchess consort and regent of Anhalt (b. 1473)",
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[
1,
8
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[
11,
34
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[
77,
81
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]
},
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"plaintext": " August 2 – Kanō Masanobu, chief painter of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1434)",
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[
1,
9
],
[
12,
25
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[
48,
66
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 ",
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1259
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[
1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francesco Ferruccio, Florentine captain (b. 1489)",
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[
1,
20
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[
45,
49
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]
},
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"plaintext": " December 1 – Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (b. 1480)",
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"plaintext": " December 22 – Willibald Pirckheimer, German humanist (b. 1470)",
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"plaintext": " December 26 – Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire (b. 1483)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Quentin Matsys, Flemish painter (b. 1466)",
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{
"plaintext": "Estienne de La Roche, French mathematician (b. 1470)",
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"plaintext": "Søren Norby, Danish naval commander",
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{
"plaintext": "Tuskaloosa, Mississippian Paramount Chief",
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"plaintext": "Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (b. 1487)",
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] | [
"1530"
] | 6,429 | 541 | 108 | 201 | 0 | 0 | 1530 | year | [] |
38,684 | 1,105,945,613 | 1529 | [
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{
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"plaintext": " Titu Cusi, Inca ruler of Vilcabamba (d. 1571)",
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"plaintext": " Michał Wiśniowiecki, Ruthenian prince at Wiśniowiec (d. 1584)",
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"plaintext": " January 7 Peter Vischer the Elder, German sculptor (b. 1455)",
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"plaintext": " January 9 Wang Yangming, Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar (b. 1472)",
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"plaintext": " February 2 Baldassare Castiglione, Italian writer and diplomat (b. 1478)",
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"plaintext": " February 4 Ludwig Haetzer, German Protestant reformer (executed) (b. 1500)",
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"plaintext": " March 28 Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (b. 1501)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " April 20 Silvio Passerini, Italian cardinal and lord of Florence (b. 1469)",
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"plaintext": " May 12 Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington (b. c. 1460)",
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14,
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"plaintext": " September 27 George of the Palatinate, German nobleman; Bishop of Speyer (1513–1529) (b. 1486)",
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"plaintext": " November 20 Karl von Miltitz, German papal nuncio (b. c. 1490)",
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Krishnadevaraya, Vijaynagar emperor",
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"plaintext": " Richard Pynson, Norman-born English printer (b. 1448)",
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"plaintext": " Andrea Sansovino, Italian sculptor (b. 1467)",
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"plaintext": " Petrus Särkilahti, Finnish Lutheran and scientist",
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"plaintext": " Paulus Aemilius Veronensis, Italian historian (b. 1455)",
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"1529"
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38,685 | 1,065,280,994 | 1527 | [
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[
42,
46
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{
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},
{
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1647505,
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1,
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11,
24
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65,
69
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]
},
{
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11,
27
],
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 31 Edward Fitton, the elder, Irish politician (d. 1579)",
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62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 14 Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and geographer (d. 1598)",
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1,
9
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11,
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73
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Johannes Stadius, German astronomer, astrologer, mathematician (d. 1579)",
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30858971,
38598
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2,
7
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[
9,
25
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76,
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},
{
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18
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42
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},
{
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32062339,
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1,
7
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23
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75,
79
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 11 Anna Sophia of Prussia, Duchess of Prussia and Duchess of Mecklenburg (d. 1591)",
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15796,
37369607,
38589
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[
1,
8
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10,
32
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84,
88
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]
},
{
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15812,
27918739,
35529
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1,
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10,
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]
},
{
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15874,
13510507,
35101
],
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1,
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[
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25
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47,
51
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]
},
{
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15878,
8457942,
34591
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1,
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10,
18
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74,
78
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},
{
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39380,
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[
1,
8
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10,
43
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48,
52
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]
},
{
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21443695,
34890
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
52
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74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 29 John Lesley, Scottish bishop (d. 1596)",
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28204,
2666920,
35058
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 2 William Drury, English politician (d. 1579)",
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22527,
2982832,
38598
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
25
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[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 15 Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal (d. 1545)",
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22555,
2521252,
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
48
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[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Louis I, Cardinal of Guise, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1578)",
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22570,
2462467,
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
39
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 ",
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21460
],
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[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pedro de Ribadeneira, Spanish hagiologist (d. 1611)",
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[
1,
21
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, English noble and politician (d. 1597)",
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1001574,
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],
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[
1,
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[
69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 3 Tilemann Heshusius, Gnesio-Lutheran theologian (d. 1588)",
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
31
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 18 Luca Cambiasi, Italian painter (d. 1585)",
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],
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
27
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe (d. 1563)",
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1,
11
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13,
42
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[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Hugues Doneau, French lawyer (d. 1591)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
27
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47,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian artist (d. 1593)",
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],
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[
1,
20
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[
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luis de León, Spanish lyric poet and mystic (d. 1591)",
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931770,
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[
1,
13
],
[
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53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sakuma Nobumori, Japanese retainer and samurai (d. 1581)",
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[
1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Annibale Padovano, Italian composer and organist (d. 1575)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick, English nobleman (d. 1554)",
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[
1,
33
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60
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},
{
"plaintext": " Lawrence Humphrey, English clergyman and educator (d. 1590)",
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[
1,
18
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59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 Felix Manz, leader of the Swiss Anabaptists (executed) (b. 1498)",
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1,
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],
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12,
22
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71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 21 Juan de Grijalva, Spanish conqueror (b. 1489)",
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39491
],
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1,
11
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13,
29
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 14 Shwenankyawshin, Burmese king of Ava (b. 1476)",
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1,
9
],
[
11,
26
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[
44,
47
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[
52,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Rana Sanga, Indian ruler (b. 1484)",
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],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
21
],
[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 19 ",
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],
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1,
9
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1453)",
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[
1,
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42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (b. 1477)",
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1,
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[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April/May Sir Thomas Docwra, English Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1458)",
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36131
],
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16,
29
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[
82,
86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne (b. 1490)",
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19514,
703438,
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],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
36
],
[
87,
91
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 21 Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian writer and statesman (b. 1469)",
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15819,
21444,
34993
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1,
8
],
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10,
29
],
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64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Bernardo de' Rossi, Italian bishop (b. 1468)",
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15802,
31733120,
39501
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 28 Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conqueror and explorer (b. c. 1460)",
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16040,
1478512,
39506
],
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
29
],
[
69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Margrave of Bayreuth (b. 1481)",
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27532,
3922492,
34886
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
56
],
[
83,
87
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Johann Froben, Swiss printer and publisher (b. c. 1460)",
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22434,
1924545,
39506
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Catherine of York, English princess (b. 1479)",
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21763,
5116618,
39496
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1,
12
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14,
31
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Jerome Emser, German theologian (b. 1477)",
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36172
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[
1,
11
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13,
25
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49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Luisa de Medrano, Spanish scholar (b. 1484)",
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51443601,
39494
],
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[
15,
31
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Francesco Colonna, Italian Dominican priest (b. 1433)",
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39917
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[
0,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Div Sultan Rumlu, Persian military leader",
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1,
17
]
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},
{
"plaintext": " Petrus Thaborita, Frisian historian and monk (b. c. 1450)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cristoforo Solari, Italian sculptor and architect (b. c. 1460)",
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39506
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jan \"Ciężki\" Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1479)",
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39496
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},
{
"plaintext": " Huayna Capac, Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire (b. 1493)",
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1,
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24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi, Italian calligrapher and type designer (b. 1475)",
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39497
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},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Swenonis, Swedish manuscript illuminator",
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable Jane Shore, mistress of King Edward IV of England",
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11,
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}
] | [
"1527"
] | 6,412 | 764 | 89 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 1527 | year | [] |
38,686 | 1,076,103,561 | 1526 | [
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},
{
"plaintext": " Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro and his brothers first reach Inca territory in South America.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin America, patron saint of Colombia (d. 1581)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Rafael Bombelli, Italian mathematician (d. 1572)",
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},
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"plaintext": " January 25 Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1586)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 Niiro Tadamoto, Japanese samurai (d. 1611)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Polish noble (d. 1608)",
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},
{
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1,
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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10,
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48,
52
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},
{
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1,
8
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10,
37
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42,
46
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]
},
{
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1,
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12,
34
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60,
64
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]
},
{
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1,
10
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12,
40
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62,
66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland (d. 1563)",
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[
1,
13
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15,
49
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[
54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1569)",
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
54
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[
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 1 Dorothy Stafford, English noble (d. 1604)",
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
28
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52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Hubert Goltzius, Dutch Renaissance painter-engraver (d. 1583)",
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1,
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28
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 1 Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (d. 1583)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
32
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[
43,
61
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[
66,
70
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]
},
{
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12
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27
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, Spanish admiral (d. 1588)",
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1,
12
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14,
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78,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 26 Rose Lok, English businesswoman and Protestant exile during the Tudor period (d. 1613)",
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12
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22
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German princess (d. 1589)",
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1,
12
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47
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73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer, Dutch war heroine (d. 1588)",
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],
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30
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[
54,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods (d. 1603)",
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1,
16
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (d. 1573)",
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[
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Ottoman Muslim scientist (d. 1585)",
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[
1,
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63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire (d. 1563)",
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1096206,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 16 Catherine of the Palatinate, Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar (b. 1499)",
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1,
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},
{
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1,
11
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[
13,
33
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[
44,
67
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 23 Diego Colón, Spanish Viceroy of the Indies (b. c. 1479)",
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11008,
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1,
12
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[
14,
25
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68
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester (b. 1460)",
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[
1,
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11,
50
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 24 Adolph II, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (b. 1458)",
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36131
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1,
9
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11,
45
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 30 Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471)",
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1,
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11,
24
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46,
50
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Ibrahim Lodi, last Sultan of Delhi (in battle)",
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2483,
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1,
9
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11,
23
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},
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"plaintext": " May 19 Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (b. 1464)",
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1,
7
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31
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45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque, Spanish duke (b. 1467)",
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1,
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89
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},
{
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10,
43
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63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 García Jofre de Loaísa, Spanish explorer (b. 1490)",
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1,
8
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10,
32
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[
55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 4 Juan Sebastián Elcano, Spanish explorer (b. 1476)",
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189733,
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1,
9
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11,
32
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (in battle) (b. 1506)",
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35499
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1,
10
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17,
48
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 5 Alonso de Salazar, Spanish explorer",
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1,
12
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14,
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Spanish explorer (b. 1480)",
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1,
11
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13,
36
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[
59,
63
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Scipione del Ferro, Italian mathematician (b. 1465)",
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13,
31
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63
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Italian condottiero (b. 1498)",
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1,
12
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14,
39
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69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 12 Le Chieu Tong, Emperor of Đại Việt, was killed by Mạc Đăng Dung (b. 1506)",
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12
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14,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, sultan of Adal (assassinated) ",
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1,
22
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34,
38
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},
{
"plaintext": " Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, founder of the Spanish colony of Nicaragua (b. c. 1475)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thado Minsaw of Prome, Burmese king of Prome",
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1,
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45
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},
{
"plaintext": " Binnya Ran II, Burmese king of Hanthawaddy (b. 1469)",
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1,
14
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32,
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48,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Conrad Grebel, co-founder of the Anabaptist movement (b. 1498)",
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] | [
"1526"
] | 6,325 | 457 | 85 | 170 | 0 | 0 | 1526 | year | [] |
38,687 | 1,089,093,296 | 1525 | [
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{
"plaintext": "Year 1525 (MDXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " March 19 Caspar Cruciger the Younger, German theologian (d. 1597)",
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"plaintext": " June 1 Caspar Peucer, German reformer (d. 1602)",
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{
"plaintext": " June 29 Peter Agricola, German Renaissance humanist, educator, classical scholar, theologian, diplomat and statesman (d. 1585)",
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},
{
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1,
12
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14,
37
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[
61,
65
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 11 John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1598)",
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27935,
16292,
34928
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1,
13
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[
15,
50
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[
55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 25 Steven Borough, English explorer (d. 1584)",
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1,
13
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15,
29
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 7 Georg Cracow, German lawyer and politician (d. 1575)",
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1,
11
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[
13,
25
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 1 Tadeáš Hájek, Czech astronomer (d. 1600)",
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8357,
934779,
35017
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[
1,
11
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[
13,
25
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[
48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1576)",
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14750344,
34599528,
38601
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
48
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Maharal of Prague, Talmudic scholar, Jewish mystic and philosopher (d. 1609)",
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176031,
35096
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[
1,
18
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Melchor Cano, Spanish theologian (d. 1560)",
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273770,
35145
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[
1,
13
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[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley (d. 1586)",
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705558,
38593
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1,
32
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37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter (d. 1569)",
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64384,
38605
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[
1,
25
],
[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Baldassare Donato, Italian composer and singer (d. 1603)",
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1335284,
34891
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[
1,
18
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian composer (d. 1594)",
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12776,
34991
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[
1,
33
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hans Staden, German soldier and sailor (d. 1579)",
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1697326,
38598
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[
1,
12
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 24 Franciabigio, Florentine painter (b. 1482)",
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871350,
39495
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
25
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 (in action at the Battle of Pavia)",
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11007,
301580
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[
1,
12
],
[
31,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, French soldier (b. c. 1488)",
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308077,
39490
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[
1,
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65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Jacques de La Palice, French nobleman and military officer (b. 1470)",
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557719,
39500
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1,
21
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard de la Pole, last Yorkist claimant to the English throne (b. 1480)",
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2275783,
36298
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1,
19
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69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Louis II de la Trémoille, French military leader (b. 1460)",
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2678190,
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[
1,
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],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bartolomeo Fanfulla, Italian mercenary (b. 1477)",
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39454539,
36172
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[
1,
20
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44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " René de Brosse, French noble",
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30003712
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[
1,
15
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 Cuauhtémoc, last Tlatoani of the Aztec Empire (b. c. 1495)",
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1,
12
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14,
24
],
[
31,
39
],
[
47,
59
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 3 Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai, Italian Renaissance man of letters (b. 1475)",
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
39
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[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 5 Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1463)",
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19352,
256460,
39505
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1,
6
],
[
8,
40
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[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 12 Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburgian royal (b. 1485)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
37
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 18 Pietro Pomponazzi, Italian philosopher (b. 1462)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
26
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 27 Thomas Müntzer, German pastor and rebel leader (b. 1489) (executed)",
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1,
7
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9,
23
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60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 5 Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Viceroy of Valencia, German noble (b. 1493)",
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28432641,
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1,
7
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[
9,
59
],
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78,
82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 22 Richard Wingfield, English diplomat (b. c. 1456)",
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1325659,
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1,
8
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10,
27
],
[
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 4 Andrea della Robbia, Italian artist (b. 1435)",
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1,
9
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11,
30
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 24 Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre, Knight of Henry VIII of England (b. 1467)",
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8838890,
39502
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1,
11
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[
13,
42
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80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 17 Eleanor of Viseu, queen of João II of Portugal (b. 1458)",
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21798,
481366,
147145,
36131
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
41,
60
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 30 Jakob Fugger, German banker (b. 1459)",
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2299549,
36190
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Nicholas Storch, German weaver and reformer",
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1036809
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[
1,
16
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 3,
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Lemaire de Belges, Walloon poet and historian (b. 1473)",
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1703595,
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Bielke, Swedish noble and commander (b. 1490)",
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39489
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[
1,
12
],
[
46,
50
]
]
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] | [
"1525"
] | 6,314 | 349 | 78 | 116 | 0 | 0 | 1525 | year | [] |
38,688 | 1,070,205,939 | 1524 | [
{
"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Year 1524 (MDXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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114
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " The first Dalecarlian rebellions break out in Sweden.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 Albrecht Giese, German politician and diplomat (d. 1580)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, French cardinal (d. 1574)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Selim II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1574)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 12 Achilles Statius, Portuguese humanist (d. 1581)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 24 Johann Stössel, German theologian (d. 1576)",
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24
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 23 François Hotman, French Protestant lawyer and writer (d. 1590)",
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10
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27
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73
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},
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"plaintext": " September 7 Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (d. 1583)",
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27949,
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14,
28
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},
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"plaintext": " September 11 Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585)",
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165243,
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13
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32
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54
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " October 5 Rani Durgavati, Queen of Gond (d. 1564)",
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7112667,
34660
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[
1,
10
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12,
26
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[
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50
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 9 Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1586)",
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22549,
175065,
38593
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1,
10
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12,
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51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Danish princess (d. 1586)",
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22525,
4610878,
38593
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11
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[
13,
57
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 16 Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur, French Catholic bishop (d. 1577)",
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22556,
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11
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13,
37
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[
66,
70
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 12 Diego de Landa, Bishop of the Yucatán (d. 1579)",
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21631,
800801,
38598
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
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[
56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": "Jan Borukowski, royal secretary of Poland (d. 1584)",
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16495,
38594
],
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[
0,
14
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[
46,
50
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron, French soldier (d. 1592)",
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35529
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[
1,
34
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55,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Pithou, French lawyer and author (d. 1602); and his twin brother, Nicolas Pithou, French lawyer and author (d. 1598)",
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34928
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72,
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[
117,
121
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},
{
"plaintext": " Joseph Nasi, Portuguese Sephardi diplomat and administrator (d. 1579)",
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1,
12
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Tusser, English poet and farmer (d. 1580)",
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262283,
38597
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[
1,
14
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet (d. 1580)",
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38597
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[
1,
15
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37,
41
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},
{
"plaintext": " Plautilla Nelli, Italian painter (d. 1588)",
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35147
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[
1,
16
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42
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},
{
"plaintext": "Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn (d. 1579)",
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15295970,
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0,
36
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41,
45
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},
{
"plaintext": "Catherine Carey, cousin of Elizabeth I of England (d. 1569)",
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10128,
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0,
15
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27,
49
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Guyonne de Laval, French Huguenot magnate (d. 1567)",
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38606
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0,
16
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},
{
"plaintext": " possible",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Catherine Howard, fifth queen of Henry VIII of England, (b. between 1518 and 1524; d. 1542)",
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1,
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34,
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"plaintext": "When the method is called in the program, its implementation is chosen based on both the dynamic type of the element and the static type of the visitor. When the associated method is called, its implementation is chosen based on both the dynamic type of the visitor and the static type of the element, as known from within the implementation of the method, which is the same as the dynamic type of the element. (As a bonus, if the visitor can't handle an argument of the given element's type, then the compiler will catch the error.)",
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"plaintext": "Thus, the implementation of the method is chosen based on both the dynamic type of the element and the dynamic type of the visitor. This effectively implements double dispatch. For languages whose object systems support multiple dispatch, not only single dispatch, such as Common Lisp or C# via the Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), implementation of the visitor pattern is greatly simplified (a.k.a. Dynamic Visitor) by allowing use of simple function overloading to cover all the cases being visited. A dynamic visitor, provided it operates on public data only, conforms to the open/closed principle (since it does not modify extant structures) and to the single responsibility principle (since it implements the Visitor pattern in a separate component).",
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"plaintext": "In this way, one algorithm can be written to traverse a graph of elements, and many different kinds of operations can be performed during that traversal by supplying different kinds of visitors to interact with the elements based on the dynamic types of both the elements and the visitors.",
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"plaintext": "This example declares a separate class that takes care of the printing.",
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"plaintext": "The following example is in the language Java, and shows how the contents of a tree of nodes (in this case describing the components of a car) can be printed. Instead of creating methods for each node subclass (, , , and ), one visitor class () performs the required printing action. Because different node subclasses require slightly different actions to print properly, dispatches actions based on the class of the argument passed to its method. , which is analogous to a save operation for a different file format, does likewise.",
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"plaintext": "The parameter is superfluous in . The reason is that it is possible to use an anonymous function that calls the desired target method with a lexically captured object:",
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"plaintext": "Now, the multiple dispatch occurs in the call issued from the body of the anonymous function, and so is just a mapping function that distributes a function application over the elements of an object. Thus all traces of the Visitor Pattern disappear, except for the mapping function, in which there is no evidence of two objects being involved. All knowledge of there being two objects and a dispatch on their types is in the lambda function.",
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"plaintext": "Python does not support method overloading in the classical sense (polymorphic behavior according to type of passed parameters), so the \"visit\" methods for the different model types need to have different names.",
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"plaintext": "Using Python 3 or above allows to make a general implementation of the accept method:",
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"plaintext": "One could extend this to iterate over the class's method resolution order if they would like to fall back on already-implemented classes. They could also use the subclass hook feature to define the lookup in advance.",
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"plaintext": " Iterator pattern – defines a traversal principle like the visitor pattern, without making a type differentiation within the traversed objects",
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"plaintext": " Church encoding – a related concept from functional programming, in which tagged union/sum types may be modeled using the behaviors of \"visitors\" on such types, and which enables the visitor pattern to emulate variants and patterns.",
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"plaintext": " Algebraic data type",
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"plaintext": " Double dispatch",
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"plaintext": " Function object",
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"plaintext": " A rough chapter from The Principles, Patterns, and Practices of Agile Software Development, Robert C. Martin, Prentice Hall",
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"plaintext": " Visitor pattern in UML and in LePUS3 (a Design Description Language)",
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"plaintext": " Article \"Componentization: the Visitor Example by Bertrand Meyer and Karine Arnout, Computer (IEEE), vol. 39, no. 7, July 2006, pages 23-30.",
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"plaintext": " Article A Type-theoretic Reconstruction of the Visitor Pattern",
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"plaintext": " Article \"The Essence of the Visitor Pattern\" by Jens Palsberg and C. Barry Jay. 1997 IEEE-CS COMPSAC paper showing that accept() methods are unnecessary when reflection is available; introduces term 'Walkabout' for the technique.",
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"plaintext": " Article \"A Time for Reflection\" by Bruce Wallace – subtitled \"Java 1.2's reflection capabilities eliminate burdensome accept() methods from your Visitor pattern\"",
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"plaintext": " Visitor Pattern using reflection(java).",
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"plaintext": " PerfectJPattern Open Source Project, Provides a context-free and type-safe implementation of the Visitor Pattern in Java based on Delegates.",
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"plaintext": "Year 1518 (MDXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"plaintext": "In France, the year 1518 lasted from 4 April 1518 to 23 April 1519. Since Constantine (around year 325) and until the year 1565, the year was reckoned as beginning at Easter. For instance, the will of Leonardo da Vinci, drafted in Amboise on 23 April 1519, shows the legend \"Given on the 23rd of April of 1518, before Easter\".",
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"plaintext": " See Wikisource \"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Easter\"",
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"plaintext": " April 18 The widowed Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, marries Milanese noblewoman Bona Sforza in Wawel Cathedral and she is crowned as Queen consort of Poland.",
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"plaintext": " July Dancing plague of 1518: A case of dancing mania breaks out in Strasbourg, in which many people die from constant dancing.",
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"plaintext": " September/October Tintoretto, Italian painter (d. 1594)",
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[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
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15809,
34945067,
39493
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
26
],
[
70,
74
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 16 Loyset Compère, French composer (b. c. 1445)",
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1448,
935582,
39929
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 27 Joan of Naples, queen consort of Naples (b. 1478)",
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9518069,
36213
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
26
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 20 ",
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21575
],
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marmaduke Constable, English soldier (b. c. 1455)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2517157,
39508
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
20
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre de La Rue, Flemish composer (b. c. 1452)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
929982,
39509
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 24 Vannozza dei Cattanei, mistress of Pope Alexander VI (b. 1442)",
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21522,
1345903,
23791,
39926
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
49,
66
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, Italian military commander (b. c. 1440)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8353,
2074064,
39923
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
35
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 27 Mahmood Shah Bahmani II, sultan of the Bahmani Sultanate (b. c. 1470)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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8452,
50223360,
914020,
39500
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
38
],
[
54,
71
],
[
79,
83
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 4,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Moxammat Amin of Kazan, khan of Kazan (b. c. 1469)",
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1385956,
34993
],
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[
1,
23
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Kabir, Indian mystic (b. 1440)",
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77032,
39923
],
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[
1,
6
],
[
26,
30
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Aruj, Ottoman corsair, brother of Hayreddin Barbarossa",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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3158332,
5412763
],
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[
1,
5
],
[
35,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Guido Mazzoni, sculptor (b. c. 1445)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11271019
],
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[
1,
14
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din, sultan of Adal (assassinated) (b. c. 1473)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2820893,
770033,
35077
],
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[
1,
26
],
[
38,
42
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Basil Solomon, Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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46877633,
219283,
1762911
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
16,
31
],
[
32,
52
]
]
}
] | [
"1518"
] | 6,268 | 378 | 45 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 1518 | year | [] |
38,691 | 1,072,402,420 | 1517 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1517 (MDXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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25657,
321344,
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[
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118
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17",
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15920
],
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English duke (d. 1554)",
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716973,
34972
],
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1,
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],
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Antonio Scandello, Italian composer (d. 1580)",
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922813,
38597
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[
1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 30 Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis, German theologian (d. 1568)",
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2896178,
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1,
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]
},
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"plaintext": " February 2 Gotthard Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (d. 1587)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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2143052,
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],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 12 Luigi Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11158,
36858274,
38594
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
27
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 22 Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian composer (d. 1590)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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442636,
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],
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1,
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],
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11,
27
],
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54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Carlo Carafa, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1561)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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12293581,
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],
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1,
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],
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11,
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 1 Svante Stensson Sture, Swedish count (d. 1567)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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],
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[
1,
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],
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Emperor Ōgimachi, Japanese emperor (d. 1593)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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229347,
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],
"anchor_spans": [
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],
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],
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Rembert Dodoens, Flemish botanist (d. 1585)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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],
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1,
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],
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10,
25
],
[
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15809,
8119372,
35079
],
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1,
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10,
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[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 16 Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English duchess (d. 1559)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1886587,
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
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],
[
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (d. 1604)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
89,
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]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 20 Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, statesman, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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],
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1,
10
],
[
12,
41
],
[
83,
87
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 23 Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1545)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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655728,
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],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
39
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 Francisco de Holanda, Portuguese artist (d. 1585)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27948,
17927777,
35837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
34
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 17 Amalia of Cleves, German princess and writer (d. 1586)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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28193810,
38593
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Manuel da Nóbrega, Spanish Catholic priest (d. 1570)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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1262777,
38604
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Giacomo Gaggini, Italian artist (d. 1598)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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26283447,
34928
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " approx. date Isabella Parasole, Italian artist (d. ca. 1620)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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35109
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
15,
32
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[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": "Jacques Pelletier du Mans, French mathematician (d. 1582)",
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"target_page_ids": [
681640,
34868
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
0,
25
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Hayashi Narinaga, Japanese samurai (d. 1605)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
17024756,
35085
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
0,
16
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English aristocrat (d. 1547)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
78445,
38671
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
0,
28
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 Francesco Raibolini, Italian painter (b. c. 1450)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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1238319,
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],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
31
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 9 Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples (b. 1454)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16075,
4775307,
36192
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
12,
45
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 22 Hadım Sinan Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier (b. 1459)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15940,
27896478,
36190
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (b. 1482)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
18935042,
5510605,
39495
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
44
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 26 Heinrich Isaac, Flemish composer (b. c. 1450)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20427,
99478,
39510
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Tuman bay II, last Mamluk sultan of Egypt (b. c. 1476)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1010,
19368433,
34779
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 19 Luca Pacioli, Mathematician, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci and 'father of accounting' (b. c. 1447)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15817,
18473,
18079,
39931
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
57,
74
],
[
109,
113
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 21 Dyveke Sigbritsdatter, mistress of Christian II of Denmark (b. 1490)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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496985,
150846,
39489
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
36
],
[
50,
73
],
[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (b. 1455)",
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28202,
24353659,
39508
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
36
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Fra Bartolomeo, Italian artist (b. 1472)",
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"target_page_ids": [
22437,
11458,
39499
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 6 Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll, Bishop of Passau (1500–1517) (b. 1445)",
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"target_page_ids": [
21758,
37677334,
39929
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
40
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1436)",
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21759,
317760,
34778
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
42
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Badi' al-Zaman, Timurid ruler of Herat",
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37733711
],
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[
1,
15
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, Spanish conquistador",
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1220329
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
31
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Marcus Musurus, Greek scholar and philosopher (b. 1470)",
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2109415,
39500
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[
1,
15
],
[
51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 3,
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"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Gaspar van Weerbeke, Dutch composer (b. 1445)",
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1182133,
39929
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
20
],
[
41,
45
]
]
}
] | [
"1517"
] | 6,263 | 612 | 57 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 1517 | year | [] |
38,692 | 1,100,083,444 | 1516 | [
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"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": "Year 1516 (MDXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " January 14 Herluf Trolle, Danish admiral (d. 1565)",
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16192,
2919680,
35229
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13,
26
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51
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 16 Bayinnaung, King of Burma (d. 1581)",
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16022,
4599344,
38596
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},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Girolamo Zanchi, Italian theologian (d. 1590)",
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11322,
2187045,
38590
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1,
11
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[
13,
28
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Prospero Spani, Italian sculptor (d. 1584)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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{
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1,
12
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20,
37
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56,
77
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[
88,
107
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[
112,
116
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]
},
{
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11,
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47
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},
{
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1,
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11,
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},
{
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11,
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47
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},
{
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1,
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 28 Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy, English courtier and patron of learning (d. 1544)",
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1,
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10,
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]
},
{
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},
{
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1,
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10,
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71
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},
{
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1,
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12,
27
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 2 Francis I, Duke of Nevers (d. 1561)",
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1,
12
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},
{
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1,
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},
{
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1,
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12,
34
],
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 23 Charlotte of Valois, French princess (d. 1524)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Ruy Gómez de Silva, Portuguese noble (d. 1573)",
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1,
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13,
31
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54,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Martin Helwig, German cartographer of Silesia (d. 1574)",
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1,
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67
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Giuseppe Leggiadri Gallani, Italian poet and dramatist (d. 1590)",
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1,
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[
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40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Antonio Bernieri, Italian painter during the Renaissance period (d. 1565)",
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17
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Foxe, biographer (d. 1587)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Manco Inca Yupanqui, ruler of the Inca (d. 1544)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Canghali of Kazan, khan of Qasim and Kazan (d. 1535)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Margaretha Coppier, Dutch heroine (d. 1597)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Shri Gusainji, son of Shri Vallabhacharyaji.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault (d. 1572)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Juan Díaz de Solís, Spanish navigator and explorer (b. 1470)",
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{
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},
{
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1,
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13,
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40,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 13 Vladislaus II, king of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia (b. 1456)",
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1,
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11,
24
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67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 17 Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, ruler of Florence (b. 1449)",
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1,
9
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11,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 John Yonge, English diplomat (b. 1467)",
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11,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 14 King John III of Navarre (b. 1469)",
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1,
8
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15,
34
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43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 Alice FitzHugh, English heir (b. 1448)",
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10,
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47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 30 John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (b. 1455)",
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1,
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10,
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 9 (bur.) Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter (b. 1450)",
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58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 21 John III of Egmont, Dutch count (b. 1438)",
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12,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, Mamluk sultan (b. c. 1441)",
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1,
10
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12,
37
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Giovanni Bellini, Venetian painter (b. 1430)",
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1,
12
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14,
30
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 Johannes Trithemius, German scholar and cryptographer (b. 1462)",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown Giuliano da Sangallo, Florentine sculptor and architect (b. 1443)",
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15,
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] | [
"1516"
] | 6,212 | 607 | 66 | 128 | 0 | 0 | 1516 | year | [] |
38,693 | 1,091,384,371 | 1515 | [
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"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
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{
"plaintext": "Year 1515 (MDXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " February 14 Frederick III, Elector Palatine, ruler from the house of Wittelsbach (d. 1576)",
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"plaintext": " February 18 Valerius Cordus, German physician, botanist and author (d. 1544)",
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"plaintext": " March 12 Caspar Othmayr, German Protestant priest, theologian and composer (d. 1553)",
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"plaintext": " March 28 Teresa of Ávila, Spanish Carmelite nun, poet and saint (d. 1582)",
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},
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{
"plaintext": " May 12",
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},
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"plaintext": " Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, Scottish politician and judge (d. 1558)",
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},
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"plaintext": " July 4 Eleonora d'Este, Ferranese noblewoman (d. 1575)",
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},
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},
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"plaintext": " July 14 Philip I, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (d. 1560)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 21 Philip Neri, Italian Roman Catholic saint (d. 1595)",
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8
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21
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},
{
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},
{
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28
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68
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{
"plaintext": " October 29",
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1,
11
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Vincenzo Borghini, Italian monk (d. 1580)",
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[
1,
18
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37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme (d. 1538)",
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1,
16
],
[
30,
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59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 22 Mary of Guise, queen of James V of Scotland and regent of Scotland (d. 1560)",
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71280,
50552,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
27
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[
38,
57
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[
85,
89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 15 Maria of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1583)",
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8145,
32195752,
38595
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1,
12
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14,
51
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[
56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, Scottish peer (d. 1558)",
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1,
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58,
62
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},
{
"plaintext": " Sebastian Castellio, rector of the College of Geneva (d. 1563)",
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[
1,
20
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62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Sehzade Mustafa, First born son of Suleiman the Magnificent by Mahidevran Sultan (d. 1553)",
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200801,
38667
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[
1,
16
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[
86,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cristóbal Acosta, Portuguese doctor and natural historian (d. 1580)",
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[
1,
17
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[
63,
67
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},
{
"plaintext": " Injong of Joseon, 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (d. 1545)",
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38675
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[
1,
17
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[
64,
68
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},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre de la Ramée, French humanist scholar (d. 1572)",
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[
1,
19
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[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Seckford, Master of Requests for Elizabeth I of England (d. 1587)",
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[
1,
16
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Watson, English Catholic bishop (d. 1584)",
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[
1,
14
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48
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Leonard Digges, English mathematician and surveyor (d. c. 1559)",
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[
1,
15
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jean Maillard, French composer ",
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1240511
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[
1,
14
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},
{
"plaintext": " Laurence Nowell, English antiquarian (d. 1571)",
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2907349,
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[
1,
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42,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (d. 1565)",
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327674,
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[
1,
17
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52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " Nicholas Throckmorton, English churchman, last abbot of Westminster (d. 1571)",
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[
1,
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77
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Willock, Scottish reformer (d. 1585)",
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1,
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37,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 King Louis XII of France (b. 1462)",
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17,
36
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[
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45
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 6 Aldus Manutius, Venetian printer (b. c. 1449)",
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27
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57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 16 Queen Janggyeong, Korean royal consort (b. 1491)",
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1,
9
],
[
11,
27
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54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Mikołaj Kamieniecki, Polish nobleman (szlachcic) and first Great Hetman of the Crown (b. 1460)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
30
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[
100,
104
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Alaüddevle Bozkurt, Bey of Anatolian Dulkadir",
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1,
8
],
[
10,
28
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[
47,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 4 Barbara of Brandenburg, Bohemian queen (b. 1464)",
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1,
12
],
[
14,
36
],
[
57,
61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 Joseph Volotsky, caesaropapist ideologist of the Russian Orthodox Church",
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28544,
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1,
12
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14,
29
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October Bartolomeo d'Alviano, Venetian general (b. 1455)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
30
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 5 Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (b. 1474)",
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1,
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13,
34
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56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general and statesman (b. 1453)",
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1,
11
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13,
41
],
[
77,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 16 Afonso de Albuquerque, Portuguese naval general (b. 1453)",
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8219,
1576,
35148
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
35
],
[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 18 Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross, Scottish prince (b. 1514)",
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8334,
13671598,
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1,
12
],
[
14,
45
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanni Giocondo, Italian friar, architect and classical scholar (b. c. 1433 in Verona)",
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[
1,
18
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[
74,
78
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Eoghan Mac Cathmhaoil, Irish Bishop of Clogher since 1505",
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1,
22
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Meñli I Giray, khan of the Crimean Khanate (b. 1445)",
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1,
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],
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pietro Lombardo, Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect (b. 1435 in Carona (Ticino))",
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39920
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1,
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65,
69
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},
{
"plaintext": " Nezahualpilli, Aztec philosopher (b. 1464)",
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39504
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[
1,
14
],
[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alonso de Ojeda, Spanish conquistador (b. 1466)",
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[
1,
16
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43,
47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable Vincenzo Foppa, Italian Renaissance painter (b. 1430)",
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[
11,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Quilago, queen regnant of the Cochasquí in Ecuador (b. 1490)",
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1,
8
],
[
31,
40
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[
56,
60
]
]
}
] | [
"1515"
] | 6,208 | 405 | 75 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 1515 | year | [] |
38,694 | 1,100,083,404 | 1514 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1514 (MDXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, Scottish noble (d. 1562)",
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1,
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12,
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66,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 23 Hai Rui, Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty (d. 1587)",
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1,
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13,
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63,
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 Bernardino Maffei, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1553)",
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1,
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13,
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66
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 8 Daniele Barbaro, Venetian churchman, diplomat and scholar (d. 1570)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
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13,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 10 Domenico Bollani, Bishop of Milan (d. 1579)",
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"target_page_ids": [
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1,
12
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[
14,
30
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 16 Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian cartographer and scientific instrument maker (d. 1574)",
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[
1,
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14,
36
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100
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Tahmasp I, Shah of Iran (d. 1576)",
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],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
23
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[
42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 22 Johannes Gigas, German theologian (d. 1581)",
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11009,
37117546,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 26 Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1573)",
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10139849,
34757
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[
1,
12
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[
14,
41
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[
72,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 8 Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1561)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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35101
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1,
8
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[
10,
24
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59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 23 Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (d. 1548)",
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38672
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1,
9
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[
11,
31
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[
65,
69
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Italian condottiero (d. 1574)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1777,
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
52
],
[
78,
82
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 5 Joachim Mörlin, German bishop (d. 1571)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28952743,
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
24
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross, Scottish prince (d. 1515)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1011,
13671598,
38693
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
42
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[
64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Shimazu Takahisa, daimyō and fifteenth head of the Shimazu clan (d. 1571)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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19672,
1192723,
35079
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[
1,
7
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[
9,
25
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[
77,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 16 John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (d. 1557)",
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15935,
264783,
34959
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
20
],
[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 29 García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca, Spanish noble and admiral (d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1,
10
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[
12,
64
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[
96,
100
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 12 Philip, Duke of Mecklenburg, (d. 1557)",
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1,
13
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15,
42
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[
48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 20 Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1590)",
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
53
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Prospero Santacroce, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1589)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28202,
37209800,
38591
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[
1,
13
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[
15,
34
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 7 Queen Inseong, Korean royal consort (d. 1578)",
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1,
10
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[
12,
25
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[
52,
56
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 31 Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (d. 1565)",
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22437,
10252607,
35229
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1,
11
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13,
28
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[
53,
57
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 29 Andreas Musculus, German theologian (d. 1581)",
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21578,
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38596
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1,
12
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[
14,
30
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[
54,
58
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 30 Andreas Masius, German Catholic priest (d. 1573)",
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21577,
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1,
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[
14,
28
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (d. 1564)",
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32491,
34660
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[
1,
12
],
[
15,
31
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (d. 1563)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1840565,
38661
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, Scottish nobleman (d. 1562)",
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1678542,
38662
],
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[
1,
34
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Charles de Mornay, Swedish (originally French) court official, diplomat and royal favorite (d. 1574) ",
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"section_name": "Births",
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56154770,
34759
],
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[
1,
18
],
[
96,
100
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Knox, Scottish clergyman, theologian and writer (d. 1572)",
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37252,
34686
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Barbara Uthmann, German businessperson (d. 1575)",
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14225192,
38603
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 2 William Smyth, English bishop and statesman (b. 1460)",
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15788,
1890525,
39506
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
25
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 9 Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France and Louis XII of France (b. 1477)",
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16075,
642214,
77606,
77655,
36172
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
28
],
[
39,
61
],
[
66,
85
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 11 Donato Bramante, Italian architect (b. 1444)",
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19530,
219366,
39928
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
26
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 21 Ichijō Fuyuyoshi, Japanese court noble (b. 1465)",
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2483,
13168744,
34957
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
27
],
[
54,
58
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 3 Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess consort of Schleswig and Holstein (b. 1487)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19350,
4161641,
36137
],
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[
1,
6
],
[
8,
27
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 23 Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1463)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15831,
8140233,
39505
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
46
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Zuster Bertken Dutch anchorite (b. 1426)",
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15799,
53404920
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
24
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 20 György Dózsa, Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (b. 1470)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15803,
1076695,
39500
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
22
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 21 Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Count of Veldenz (1489–1514) (b. 1462)",
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22570,
3919094,
36221
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
53
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 25 William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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22333,
335178,
36127
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
32
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 28 Hartmann Schedel, German cartographer (b. 1440)",
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"target_page_ids": [
21579,
14159,
39923
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December Henry, Duke of Cornwall, third son of Henry VIII of England (stillborn)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8143,
1650406,
14187
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
34
],
[
49,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "date unknown",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Agnes Fingerin, German philanthropist and businessperson",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
61850015
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
]
]
}
] | [
"1514"
] | 6,204 | 442 | 62 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 1514 | year | [] |
38,695 | 1,095,129,511 | 1513 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1513 (MDXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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[
11,
17
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25,
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103,
118
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 14 Domenico Ferrabosco, Italian composer (d. 1573)",
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1,
12
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[
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33
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 15 Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1573)",
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],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
53
],
[
58,
62
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 22 Tachibana Dōsetsu, Japanese Daimyō (d. 1585)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15540009,
35837
],
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1,
9
],
[
11,
28
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 10 Louis, Duke of Montpensier (1561–1582) (d. 1582)",
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14716148,
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],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
36
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin (d. 1571)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1259,
31862251,
35079
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
48
],
[
53,
57
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 23 Hans Buser, Swiss noble (d. 1544)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27651,
44685628,
38676
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
25
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1535)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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28202,
1009133,
49109,
34958
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
42
],
[
53,
71
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 30 Jacques Amyot, French writer (d. 1593)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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22436,
353907,
35051
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
26
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 3 Lorenzo Strozzi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1571)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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8355,
7862581,
35079
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
28
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 23 Thomas Smith, English scholar and diplomat (d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
14750344,
264775,
38600
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
26
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Abe Motozane, Japanese general (d. 1587)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
18368940,
38592
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
36,
40
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anna Hogenskild, Swedish lady-in-waiting (d. 1590) ",
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"section_name": "Births",
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38590
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Michael Baius, Belgian theologian (d. 1589)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
143289,
38591
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Cassander, Flemish theologian (d. 1566)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
886092,
34889
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare (d. 1537)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1616459,
35528
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
40
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elisabeth Plainacher, Austrian alleged witch (d. 1583) ",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
18466649,
38595
],
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[
1,
21
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable Elizabeth Seymour, English noble, sister-in-law of Henry VIII of England (d. 1563)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
856724,
14187,
38661
],
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[
11,
28
],
[
62,
83
],
[
88,
92
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January Hans Folz, German author (b. c. 1437)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15642,
3164084,
36129
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
19
],
[
42,
46
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Helena of Moscow, Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania and queen consort of Poland (b. 1476)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
16025,
14925312,
34779
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
29
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 20 King John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (b. 1455)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11025,
176317,
39508
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
54
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 Pope Julius II (b. 1443)",
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"target_page_ids": [
11010,
24755,
39927
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
28
],
[
33,
37
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, English general (b. 1443)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20196,
251377,
39927
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
44
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 24 Şehzade Ahmet, oldest son of Sultan Bayezid II (executed) (b. 1465)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
2734,
30608692,
64647,
4242,
34957
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
40,
46
],
[
47,
57
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 30 Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, Duke of Suffolk (b. 1471)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1011,
105834,
35498
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
49
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Ernst II of Saxony, Archbishop of Magdeburg (1476–1513) and Administrator of Halberstadt (b. 1464)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1259,
35847455,
39504
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
29
],
[
104,
108
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 9 (killed at the Battle of Flodden)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28544,
239457
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
28,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " James IV of Scotland (b. 1473)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
50556,
35077
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
21
],
[
26,
30
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Douglas, Master of Angus (b. 1469)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
10062634,
34993
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
32
],
[
37,
41
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Douglas of Glenbervie (b. 1473)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11732802,
35077
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
30
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose, Scottish politician (b. 1464)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
26941527,
39504
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
37
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " George Hepburn, Scottish bishop",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1520962
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish politician, Lord High Admiral of Scotland",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1520903,
2020928
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
35
],
[
58,
87
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Adam Hepburn of Craggis",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1520938
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis, Scottish soldier (b. 1478)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
7196253,
36213
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
36
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Scottish politician ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
9769960
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
26
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Alexander Stewart, Scottish archbishop (b. 1493)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
3978493,
36887
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, Scottish politician (b. 1488)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
13413155,
39490
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
36
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros, English nobleman",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
22434,
1096132,
9316
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
46
],
[
48,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Robert Fabyan, English chronicler",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1002160
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claudine de Brosse, duchess Consort of Savoy (b. 1450)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
30695338,
39510
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
19
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hua Sui, Chinese inventor and printer (b. 1439)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
11004908,
39922
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
43,
47
]
]
}
] | [
"1513"
] | 6,200 | 446 | 57 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 1513 | year | [] |
38,696 | 1,066,583,169 | 1511 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1511 (MDXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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25657,
319725,
15651
],
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[
11,
15
],
[
23,
56
],
[
102,
117
]
]
},
{
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15787,
1650406,
14187
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
35
],
[
51,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1550)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1777,
52743,
35099
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
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[
50,
54
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{
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66,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 4 Honorat II of Savoy, French Navy admiral (d. 1580)",
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1,
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54,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Jakob Schegk, German physician (d. 1587)",
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1,
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21
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44,
48
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},
{
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1,
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10,
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},
{
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1,
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35
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[
67,
71
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[
109,
113
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},
{
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1,
8
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10,
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60,
64
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]
},
{
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1,
10
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12,
23
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46,
50
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},
{
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1,
13
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15,
34
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56,
60
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},
{
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191400,
38667
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1,
13
],
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15,
31
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56,
60
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]
},
{
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22571,
10105,
38667
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1,
11
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13,
29
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71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 8 Paul Eber, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1569)",
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2960248,
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1,
11
],
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13,
22
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55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 15 Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536)",
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1,
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14,
31
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52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 5 Maldev Rathore, ruler of Marwar (d. 1562)",
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1,
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13,
27
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Amato Lusitano, Portuguese Jewish physician (d. 1568)",
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[
1,
15
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " Birgitte Gøye, Danish county administrator, lady in waiting, landholder and educator (d. 1574)",
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[
1,
14
],
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91,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Kimotsuki Kanetsugu, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1566)",
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1,
20
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55,
59
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luís de Velasco, Spanish viceroy of New Spain (d. 1564)",
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[
1,
16
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51,
55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nicola Vicentino, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1576)",
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1,
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63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Nicholas Bobadilla, one of the first Spanish Jesuits (d. 1590)",
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[
1,
19
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58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pierre Viret, Swiss reformed theologian (d. 1571)",
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1,
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49
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},
{
"plaintext": " Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta, Spanish cardinal (d. 1575)",
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1,
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49,
53
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 9 Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek classical scholar (b. 1424)",
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},
{
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1,
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64
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},
{
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37
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},
{
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28
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe, German nobleman (b. 1428)",
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1,
8
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62
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},
{
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1,
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86
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 13 Hedwig, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1445)",
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1,
8
],
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10,
39
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76,
80
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 2 Şahkulu, leader of the Şahkulu Rebellion",
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1,
7
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[
9,
16
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32,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 6 Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (b. 1443)",
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34589838,
39927
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1,
7
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9,
46
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66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 12 Albert I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Count of Kladsko (b. 1468)",
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15971,
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1,
8
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10,
44
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 Andrew Barton, Scottish naval leader (b. c. 1466)",
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1,
9
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[
11,
24
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55,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 6 ",
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27948
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ashikaga Yoshizumi, Japanese shogun (b. 1481)",
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1,
19
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41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg, Count of Ravensberg (b. 1455)",
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29899831,
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 18 Philippe de Commines, French-speaking Fleming in the courts of Burgundy and France (b. 1447)",
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1,
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13,
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[
100,
104
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 23 ",
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21806
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mahmud Begada, Sultan of Gujarat (b. 1458)",
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36131
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[
1,
14
],
[
38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anne of York, daughter of King Edward IV of England (b. 1475)",
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39497
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Diego de Nicuesa, Spanish conquistador and explorer",
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1,
17
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johannes Tinctoris, Flemish composer and music theorist (b. c. 1435)",
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39920
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Estefania Carròs i de Mur, Spanish educator (b. 1455)",
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1,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Matthias Ringmann, German cartographer and humanist poet (b. 1482)",
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1,
18
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Yusuf Adil Shah, founding leader of the Adil Shahi Dynasty",
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable Antoine de Févin, French composer (b. c. 1470)",
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52,
56
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]
}
] | [
"1511"
] | 6,188 | 387 | 64 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 1511 | year | [] |
38,697 | 1,086,181,809 | 1510 | [
{
"plaintext": "Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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},
{
"plaintext": " The Mary Rose ship is laid out. The next year the ship is built and complete in 1512. By the time the battle sank the ship in England.",
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[
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127,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 24 Costanzo II Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1512)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Guillaume Postel, French linguist (d. 1581)",
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},
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"plaintext": " March 30 Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)",
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},
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"plaintext": " June 6 Giovanni Battista Cicala, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1570)",
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},
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"plaintext": " June 22 Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537)",
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58
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},
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"plaintext": " August 11 Margaret Paleologa, Sovereign Marchioness of Montferrat (1531–1540) (d. 1566)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 24 Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (1525–1540) (d. 1558)",
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{
"plaintext": " October 6 ",
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10
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},
{
"plaintext": " Rowland Taylor, English Protestant martyr (d. 1555)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Caius, English physician (d. 1573)",
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1,
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},
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"plaintext": " October 25 Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)",
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34759
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1,
11
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13,
28
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54
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 28 Francis Borgia, Spanish General of the Jesuits (d. 1572)",
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11
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13,
27
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 28 Nicholas Bacon, English politician (d. 1579)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"plaintext": "Jan Matsys, Flemish painter (d. 1575)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jörg Breu the Younger, German painter (d. 1547)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ferenc Dávid, Hungarian founder of the Unitarian Church (d. 1579)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Solomon Luria, Polish-born Kabbalist (d. 1574)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (d. 1551)",
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1,
13
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[
36,
40
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bernard Palissy, French potter and writer",
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816238
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[
1,
16
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Elizabeth Lucar, English calligrapher (d. 1537)",
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22874170,
35528
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1,
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43,
47
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},
{
"plaintext": "Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (d. 1590)",
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617550,
38590
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[
0,
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[
34,
38
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (d. 1571)",
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387316,
35079
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[
0,
30
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[
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61
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer (d. 1564)",
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721515,
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[
0,
21
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[
44,
48
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Gracia Mendes Nasi, Ottoman businessperson and philanthropist (d. 1569)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
3043974,
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[
0,
18
],
[
66,
70
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Beatriz de la Cueva, Governor of Guatemala (d. 1541)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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39228985,
38677
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[
0,
19
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[
47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador (d. 1554)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
71979,
34972
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[
0,
29
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[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Tullia d'Aragona, Italian poet, author and philosopher (d. 1556)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
5457582,
38666
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
60,
64
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Aloysius Lilius, Italian inventor of the Gregorian calendar (d. 1576)",
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39124,
38601
],
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[
1,
16
],
[
65,
69
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luis de Morales, Spanish religious painter (d. 1586)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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837821,
38593
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[
1,
16
],
[
48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author (d. 1565)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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1221866,
35229
],
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[
1,
14
],
[
49,
53
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Lawrence Sheriff, Elizabethan gentleman and grocer (d. 1567)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
339601,
38606
],
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[
1,
17
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Claudio Veggio, Italian composer",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1320837
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
15
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " John Knox, Scottish reformer (d. 1572 )",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
37252,
34686
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[
1,
10
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 Sidonie of Poděbrady, Bohemian princess, duchess consort of Saxony (b. 1449)",
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10846,
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39934
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
33
],
[
84,
88
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 28 Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer and explorer (b. c. 1460)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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11311,
959813,
39506
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
29
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 1 Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. c. 1450)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
19346,
1068429,
39510
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
71,
75
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 10 Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, German preacher (b. 1445)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
20196,
735608,
39929
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
40
],
[
62,
66
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 Mihnea cel Rău, Prince of Wallachia (b. c.1460)",
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"target_page_ids": [
20197,
1597324
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
25
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (b. 1445)",
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"target_page_ids": [
19631,
73515,
39929
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
26
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "May 25 Cardinal Georges d'Ambroise, aka Monseigneur le Ledat. Adviser to King Louis XII of France. (b. 1460)",
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[
0,
6
],
[
17,
35
],
[
79,
98
],
[
104,
108
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (b. 1454)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15809,
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36192
],
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1,
8
],
[
10,
27
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 14 Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the Scottish throne (b. 1509)",
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"target_page_ids": [
16018,
50556,
38700
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
42
],
[
76,
80
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Giovanni Sforza, Italian condottiere (b. 1466)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
15922,
5309097,
39503
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
25
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 ",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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1490
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Edmund Dudley, English statesman (b. c. 1462)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1533434,
36221
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
14
],
[
41,
45
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Richard Empson, English statesman",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
1533505
],
"anchor_spans": [
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1,
15
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 Saint Catherine of Genoa (b. 1447)",
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28145,
6113705,
39931
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[
1,
13
],
[
21,
39
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1488)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
28146,
4161797,
39490
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
36
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 11 Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, Bohemian writer (b. 1461)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
21447,
1057349,
36303
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
46
],
[
68,
72
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Muhammad Shaybani, Khan of Bukhara (b. 1451)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8356,
1366436,
185015,
86807,
34885
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
32,
36
],
[
40,
47
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 14 Friedrich of Saxony (b. 1473)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8851,
2464224,
35077
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
33
],
[
38,
42
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31 Bianca Maria Sforza, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1472)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
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1384003,
39499
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
33
],
[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown ",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Agüeybaná, Taino chief",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
771284
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giovanna d'Aragona, Duchess of Amalfi, Italian regent (b. 1478)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
46901247,
36213
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
38
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Ambrogio Calepino, Italian lexicographer (b. 1450)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
583928,
39510
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
18
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giorgione, Italian painter (b. c. 1477)",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
140709,
36172
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
],
[
35,
39
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Mandukhai Khatun, Mongolian queen",
"section_idx": 3,
"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [
8849487
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
]
]
}
] | [
"1510"
] | 6,182 | 466 | 91 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 1510 | year | [] |
38,698 | 1,107,534,879 | 1507 | [
{
"plaintext": "__NOTOC__",
"section_idx": 0,
"section_name": "Introduction",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": "Year 1507 (MDVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"section_name": "Introduction",
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115
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 1 Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (d. 1567)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15787,
34248270,
38606
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1,
10
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[
12,
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68,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 14",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16192
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal (d. 1578)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1785319,
38599
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
40
],
[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Luca Longhi, Italian painter (d. 1580)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6593052,
38597
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 25 Johannes Oporinus, Swiss printer (d. 1568)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15845,
1427517,
34960
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 11 Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow, Russian Orthodox monk (d. 1569)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11184,
2305433,
38605
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
47
],
[
75,
79
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 21 James, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish prince (d. 1508)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11010,
50556,
38699
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
59,
63
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 7 Magdalena of Saxony (d. 1534)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
18935042,
21060,
36116
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
34,
38
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 25 Thomas White, English politician (d. 1566)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19773,
37123569,
34889
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
23
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (d. 1548)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20586,
32040994,
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
45
],
[
69,
73
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 13 Konrad Hubert, German theologian and hymnwriter (d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1541,
36852497,
38600
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 9 Tijmen Groenewegen, Dutch politician",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
19524
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
6
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 5 Ferdinand of Portugal, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1534)",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15820,
2463327,
36116
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
9,
59
],
[
85,
89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 Annibale Caro, Italian poet and Knight of Malta (d. 1566)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15794,
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34889
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
22
],
[
61,
65
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 25 Marie of Baden-Sponheim, duchess consort of Bavaria (d. 1580)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15799,
21806935,
38597
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
10,
33
],
[
66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 25 Chamaraja Wodeyar IV, King of Mysore (d. 1576)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15804,
41988645,
38601
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
30
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 2 William Waldegrave, English Member of Parliament (d. 1554)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1154,
41902418,
34972
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
9
],
[
11,
29
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 15 George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince (d. 1553)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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38667
],
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
47
],
[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 16 Jiajing Emperor of China (d. 1567)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27650,
390591,
38606
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
13
],
[
15,
30
],
[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 27 Guillaume Rondelet, French physician (d. 1566)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27934,
1598282,
34889
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
33
],
[
56,
60
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 1",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22340
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Johannes Sturm, German educator (d. 1589)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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805944,
38591
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[
1,
15
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[
37,
41
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
866273,
34757
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[
1,
27
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[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 4 Francis Bigod, British noble (d. 1537)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22454,
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35528
],
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[
1,
10
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[
12,
25
],
[
45,
49
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 19 Viglius, Dutch politician (d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22568,
2841261,
38600
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
20
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 26 Alvise I Mocenigo, Doge of Venice (d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
22403,
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32616,
38600
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
13,
30
],
[
40,
46
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"plaintext": " Bálint Bakfark, Hungarian composer (d. 1576)",
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"plaintext": " July 8 Anna Notaras, Byzantine noblewoman (b. 1436)",
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},
{
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{
"plaintext": " August 23 Jean Molinet, French writer (b. 1435)",
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"plaintext": " August 24 Cecily of York, English princess (b. 1469)",
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},
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{
"plaintext": " Date unknown:",
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"plaintext": " Agnes Jónsdóttir, Icelandic abbess (b. year unknown)",
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] | [
"1507"
] | 6,161 | 297 | 66 | 130 | 0 | 0 | 1507 | year | [] |
38,699 | 1,100,083,531 | 1508 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1508 (MDVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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"plaintext": " February Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, attacks the Republic of Venice.",
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"plaintext": " March 22 Ferdinand II of Aragon appoints Florentine merchant Amerigo Vespucci to the post of Chief Navigator of Spain.",
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"plaintext": " November 23 Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, youngest son of Henry the Middle (d. 1549)",
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{
"plaintext": " Livio Agresti, Italian painter (d. 1580)",
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"plaintext": " Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese daimyo (d. 1577)",
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"plaintext": " Marin Držić, Croatian playwright (d. 1567)",
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{
"plaintext": "Isabel de Josa, Catalan writer (d. 1575)",
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"plaintext": " February Robert Lauder of the Bass, governor of Berwick-on-Tweed (b. c. 1440)",
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},
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"plaintext": " February 4 Conrad Celtes, German humanist (b. 1459)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " November 25 Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Münsterberg-Oels and Countess of Glatz (b. 1450)",
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},
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"plaintext": " December 16 Henry the Younger of Stolberg, Stadtholder of Friesland (1506–1508) (b. 1467)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " December 22 Eric II, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1483)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Isaac Abravanel, Portuguese statesman, philosopher and theologian (b. 1437)",
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1,
16
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},
{
"plaintext": " Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan), Khan of Tashkent",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Micheletto Corella, Valencian condottieri",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Damkhat Reachea, emperor of Cambodia",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ahmad al-Wansharisi, North African Islamic jurist and theologian",
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] | [
"1508"
] | 6,170 | 331 | 73 | 168 | 0 | 0 | 1508 | year | [] |
38,700 | 1,092,942,369 | 1509 | [
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{
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"plaintext": " January 25 Giovanni Morone, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1580)",
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"plaintext": " February 10 Vidus Vidius, Italian surgeon and anatomist (d. 1569)",
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"plaintext": " March 25 Girolamo Dandini, Italian Cardinal",
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"plaintext": " March 27 Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, German nobleman (d. 1578)",
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},
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"plaintext": " April 23 Afonso of Portugal, Portuguese Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1540)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 4 Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Lutheran bishop of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin (d. 1550)",
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},
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 3 Étienne Dolet, French scholar and printer (d. 1546)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 7 Joachim I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince (d. 1561)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 25 Ippolito II d'Este, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1572)",
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},
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"plaintext": " October 20 Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish prince (d. 1510)",
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1,
11
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13,
43
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist (d. 1539)",
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1,
21
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},
{
"plaintext": " Bernardino Telesio, Italian philosopher and natural scientist (d. 1588)",
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19
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},
{
"plaintext": " Élie Vinet, French humanist (d. 1587)",
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " François de Scépeaux, French governor (d. 1571)",
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{
"plaintext": " François Douaren, French jurist (d. 1559)",
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{
"plaintext": " Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, Spanish conquistador (d. 1579)",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Guillaume Le Testu, French privateer (d. 1573)",
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1,
19
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42,
46
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},
{
"plaintext": " John Erskine of Dun, Scottish religious reformer (d. 1591)",
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1,
20
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58
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},
{
"plaintext": " Naoe Kagetsuna, Japanese Clan Officer (d. 1577)",
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1,
15
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},
{
"plaintext": " Stanisław Odrowąż, Polish nobleman (d. 1545)",
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1,
18
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40,
44
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},
{
"plaintext": " January Adam Kraft, German sculptor and architect (b. circa 1460)",
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10,
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66
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},
{
"plaintext": " January 27 John I, Count Palatine of Simmern, German nobleman (b. 1459)",
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1,
11
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13,
46
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68,
72
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{
"plaintext": " March 14 Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio, Italian cardinal (b. unknown)",
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1,
9
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11,
38
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},
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"plaintext": " April 21 Henry VII of England, King of England and Lord of Ireland (b. 1457)",
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9
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11,
31
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73,
77
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},
{
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9
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11,
34
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Caterina Sforza, Italian countess of Forlì (b. 1463)",
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1,
7
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9,
24
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56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 29 Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII of England (b. 1443)",
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14186,
39927
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1,
8
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10,
59
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71,
91
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[
96,
100
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 11 William II, Landgrave of Hesse, German nobleman (b. 1469)",
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8
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10,
40
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62,
66
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},
{
"plaintext": " July 16:",
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15947
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Joao da Nova, Portuguese explorer (b. 1460)",
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39506
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[
1,
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39,
43
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},
{
"plaintext": " Mikalojus Radvila the Old, Lithuanian nobleman (b. circa 1450)",
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39510
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26
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62
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10,
34
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"plaintext": " December 1 Lê Uy Mục, 8th king of the later Lê Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1488)",
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1,
11
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13,
22
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72,
76
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},
{
"plaintext": " Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1483)",
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36162
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66
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] | [
"1509"
] | 6,177 | 421 | 64 | 114 | 0 | 0 | 1509 | year | [] |
38,701 | 1,086,181,805 | 1505 | [
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},
{
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14,
28
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64
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},
{
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},
{
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1,
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14,
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},
{
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1,
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14,
33
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52,
56
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Births",
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Cavendish, English courtier (d. 1557)",
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[
1,
18
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Philip Hoby, English politician (d. 1558)",
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[
1,
12
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},
{
"plaintext": " Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (d. 1564)",
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[
1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Margaret Roper, English writer (d. 1544)",
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1,
15
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},
{
"plaintext": " Shahghali, Khan of Qasim",
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1,
10
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable ",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Christopher Tye, English composer and organist (d. 1572)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, English noblewoman (executed 1542)",
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},
{
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1,
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13,
29
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62
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[
81,
85
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]
},
{
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1,
12
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14,
30
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54,
58
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},
{
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1,
12
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14,
26
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55
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 5 Philip of Cleves, Bishop of Nevers, Amiens, Autun (b. 1467)",
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1,
8
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[
10,
26
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64,
68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 29 Sidonie of Bavaria, eldest daughter of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich (b. 1488)",
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1,
9
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11,
29
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89,
93
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Muhammad Jaunpuri, Indian-born religious leader (b. 1443)",
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1,
9
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11,
28
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63,
67
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 28 Ascanio Sforza, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)",
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1,
7
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9,
23
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[
33,
47
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[
61,
65
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 8 Hongzhi Emperor of China (b. 1470)",
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1,
7
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9,
24
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38,
42
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 18 Osanna of Mantua, Italian Dominican tertiary and blessed (b. 1449)",
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39934
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1,
8
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10,
26
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[
36,
45
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 15 Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian politician (b. 1431)",
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1,
8
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10,
42
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71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July Jacob Obrecht, Flemish composer (plague) (b. 1457)",
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689759,
36130
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7,
20
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 27 Emperor Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440)",
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1,
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21,
39
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44,
48
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Adam of Fulda, German music writer (b. c. 1445)",
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39929
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1,
14
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47
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Heinrich Kramer, German churchman and inquisitor (b. 1430)",
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39914
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1,
16
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54,
58
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] | [
"1505"
] | 6,153 | 341 | 61 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1505 | year | [] |
38,702 | 1,092,207,001 | 1504 | [
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},
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},
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},
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11,
31
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
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10,
28
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52,
56
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10,
28
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63
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11,
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34759
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1,
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11,
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35,
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64,
68
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{
"plaintext": " September 4 John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Prince of Anahlt-Dessau (1516–1544) and Anhalt-Zerbst (1544–1551) (d. 1551)",
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1,
12
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14,
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},
{
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28148,
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38665
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1,
13
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15,
51
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56,
60
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},
{
"plaintext": " October 29 Shin Saimdang, Korean calligraphist and noted poet (d. 1551)",
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22435,
342407,
38670
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1,
11
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13,
26
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68,
72
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},
{
"plaintext": " November Giovanni Battista Giraldi, Italian novelist and poet (d. 1573)",
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314348,
34757
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11,
36
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68,
72
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},
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"plaintext": " November 13 Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1567)",
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12
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14,
42
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47,
51
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},
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"plaintext": " December Nicholas Udall, English playwright and schoolmaster (d. 1556)",
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{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"plaintext": " Patrick Hamilton, Scottish churchman and Reformer (burned at the stake 1528)",
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72,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Dirk Philips, early Dutch Anabaptist writer and theologian (d. 1568)",
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1262378,
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1,
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},
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1,
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12,
24
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46,
50
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},
{
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1,
11
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13,
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50,
54
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 17 Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1447)",
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1,
12
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14,
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51,
55
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},
{
"plaintext": " April 15 Filippino Lippi, Italian painter (b. 1457)",
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1,
9
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11,
26
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48,
52
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},
{
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1,
7
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31
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[
36,
40
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]
},
{
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15785,
36950048
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1,
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7,
19
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]
},
{
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15817,
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1,
8
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26
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63,
67
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},
{
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264208,
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1,
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9,
26
],
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50,
54
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 29 Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (b. 1435)",
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15968,
78374,
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1,
8
],
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10,
43
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
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71204,
36192
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1,
7
],
[
9,
41
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66,
70
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 20 Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Bishop of Freising) (b. 1481)",
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24488541,
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1,
10
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12,
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64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 22 Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1489–1503) (b. 1462)",
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34013225,
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
50
],
[
67,
71
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": "August 28 – John Paston, English gentleman known from the Paston Letters (b. 1444)",
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1781,
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39928
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0,
9
],
[
12,
23
],
[
58,
72
],
[
77,
81
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 10 Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1480)",
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28020,
69516,
36298
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
42
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[
47,
51
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 15 Elisabeth of Bavaria (b. 1478)",
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28145,
32358006,
36213
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
35
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[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 22 Jan II the Mad, Duke of Żagań (1439–1449 and 1461–1468 and again in 1472) (b. 1435)",
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27889,
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1,
13
],
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15,
29
],
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93,
97
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Bartolomeo della Rocca (\"Cocles\"), Italian astrologer (b. 1467)",
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28202,
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
37
],
[
73,
77
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 12 John Corvinus, Hungarian noble (b. 1473)",
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3103491,
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1,
11
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13,
26
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48,
52
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 9 King Frederick IV of Naples (b. 1452)",
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1521277,
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1,
11
],
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18,
40
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[
45,
49
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 26 Queen Isabella I of Castile (b. 1451)",
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21581,
23909513,
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],
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[
1,
12
],
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20,
41
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December Lê Túc Tông, Emperor of the Lê Dynasty",
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40086929
],
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11,
22
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 21 Berthold von Henneberg, German archbishop and elector (b. 1442)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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8850,
2818647,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
36
],
[
72,
76
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Abdal-Karim Khan Astrakhani, Khan of Astrakhan",
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34770453
],
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1,
28
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Abu Abdallah IV, Sultan of Tlemcen",
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"target_page_ids": [
50923775
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
16
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya, first Wattasid Sultan of Morocco and King of Fez",
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52789057
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Éamonn Mág Samhradháin, Lord of Tullyhaw",
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50985555
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[
1,
23
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, Indian-born founder of the Berar Sultanate",
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"target_page_ids": [
50174294
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
23
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, Spanish author",
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803117
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[
1,
28
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Qasim Barid I, founder of the Bidar Sultanate",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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14440865
],
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[
1,
14
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Vira Ravi Ravi Varma, Raja of Venad",
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"target_page_ids": [
52782152
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
21
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Choe Bu, Korean official and venturer to China (b. 1454)",
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"target_page_ids": [
16293091,
36192
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
8
],
[
52,
56
]
]
}
] | [
"1504"
] | 6,148 | 331 | 79 | 144 | 0 | 0 | 1504 | year | [] |
38,705 | 1,093,889,047 | 1502 | [
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"plaintext": "Year 1502 (MDII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.",
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11,
15
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]
},
{
"plaintext": "January 3 Yi Hwang, Korean Neo-Confucian scholar (d.1571)",
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15789,
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35079
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0,
9
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11,
19
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53,
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 7 Pope Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni, Bolognese-born pontiff (d. 1585)",
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15987,
24244,
35837
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
29
],
[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 20 Sebastian de Aparicio, Spanish colonial industrialist and saint in Mexico (d. 1600)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
16025,
38640003,
35017
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
34
],
[
91,
95
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 2 Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1574)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
11322,
341246,
34759
],
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1,
11
],
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13,
27
],
[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Elisabeth of Hesse, Hereditary Princess of Saxony (d. 1557)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
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],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
59
],
[
64,
68
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 18 Philibert of Chalon, French nobleman (d. 1530)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
20273,
4301186,
38683
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
30
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 20 Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (d. 1575)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
14563107,
1122664,
38603
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
24
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 2 Susanna of Bavaria, German noble of the House of Wittelsbach (d. 1543)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1777,
3922602,
34943
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
75,
79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 10 Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1505–1559) and Elector Palatine (1556–1559) (d. 1559)",
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
21
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 25 Georg Major, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1574)",
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"target_page_ids": [
2733,
45138,
34759
],
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[
1,
9
],
[
11,
22
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 2 Guillaume Bigot, French writer (d. 1550)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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15855,
32433310,
35099
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
7
],
[
9,
24
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[
44,
48
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 6 King John III of Portugal (d. 1557)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15794,
147123,
34959
],
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[
1,
7
],
[
14,
34
],
[
39,
43
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 26 Christian Egenolff, German printer (d. 1555)",
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"target_page_ids": [
15892,
18499827,
36175
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
28
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 27 Francesco Corteccia, Italian composer (d. 1571)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
15922,
11184408,
35079
],
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[
1,
8
],
[
10,
29
],
[
52,
56
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 14 Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (d. 1550)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1417,
3026523,
35099
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[
1,
10
],
[
12,
35
],
[
57,
61
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 14 Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532 (d. 1532)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
27947,
3931490,
38682
],
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[
1,
13
],
[
15,
54
],
[
98,
102
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 6 Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess consort of Pomerania (d. 1568)",
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"target_page_ids": [
8352,
34798527,
34960
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
39
],
[
74,
78
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 13 George III, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg (d. 1555)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
8852,
34230063,
36175
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
51
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[
56,
60
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
"anchor_spans": []
},
{
"plaintext": " Takeno Jōō, Japanese Sengoku period master of the tea ceremony and merchant (d. 1555)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6297493,
36175
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
11
],
[
81,
85
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Miguel López de Legazpi, Spanish conquistador (d. 1572)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
160275,
34686
],
"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
24
],
[
51,
55
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Pedro Nunes, Portuguese mathematician (d. 1578)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
227039,
38599
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
43,
47
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Francesco Spiera, Italian Protestant jurist (d. 1543)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
1315722,
34943
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"anchor_spans": [
[
1,
17
],
[
49,
53
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anthony Maria Zaccaria, Cremonese founder of the Barnabite Order and saint (d. 1539)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
799841,
38680
],
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[
1,
23
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[
80,
84
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Elizabeth Blount, English courtier, mistress of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1540)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
588539,
14187,
35144
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[
1,
17
],
[
54,
75
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[
80,
84
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Cuauhtémoc, last Aztec ruler (Tlatoani) of Tenochtitlán and the last \"Aztec Emperor\" (d. 1525)",
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"section_name": "Births",
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7478,
38687
],
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[
1,
11
],
[
90,
94
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Montluc, marshal of France (approximate date; d. 1577)",
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"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [
6474588,
38600
],
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[
1,
51
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93,
97
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hurrem Sultan, Ruthenian-born Haseki sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1558)",
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350641,
28761771,
38664
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[
1,
14
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[
31,
44
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[
71,
75
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, English courtier (d. 1537)",
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429144,
35528
],
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[
1,
40
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[
63,
67
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 18 Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria (b. 1457)",
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11363,
3766412,
36130
],
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
50
],
[
55,
59
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " March Francesco Laurana, Dalmatian-born sculptor (b. c. 1430)",
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"target_page_ids": [
3772048,
39914
],
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[
8,
25
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[
58,
62
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{
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1,
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10,
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65,
69
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},
{
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177655,
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1,
8
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10,
33
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90,
94
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]
},
{
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1,
9
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11,
34
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69,
73
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]
},
{
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34111721,
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1,
9
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11,
34
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52,
56
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},
{
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1,
6
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32
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94,
98
]
]
},
{
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19514,
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1,
6
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8,
21
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102,
106
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " June 9 Astorre III Manfredi, Italian noble (b. 1485)",
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15865,
10991095,
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1,
7
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9,
29
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49,
53
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]
},
{
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16088,
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1,
8
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10,
26
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48,
52
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},
{
"plaintext": " August 18 Knut Alvsson, Norwegian nobleman and politician (b. 1455)",
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1,
10
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[
12,
24
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64,
68
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]
},
{
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1711,
19610705
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1,
10
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[
12,
23
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 1 Sōgi, Japanese Buddhist priest and poet (b. 1421)",
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27530,
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1,
12
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[
14,
18
],
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58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " October 14 Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Quiñones, Spanish noble (b. 1444)",
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22525,
35307197,
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[
1,
11
],
[
13,
48
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68,
72
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 10 George I of Münsterberg, Imperial Prince, Duke of Münsterberg and Oels, Graf von Glatz (b. 1470)",
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21760,
31980822,
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
37
],
[
105,
109
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 13 Annio da Viterbo, Italian Dominican friar and scholar (b. 1432)",
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21761,
4111449,
8973,
39916
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[
1,
12
],
[
14,
30
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[
40,
55
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[
72,
76
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 31",
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8204
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[
1,
12
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Oliverotto Euffreducci, Italian politician (b. 1475)",
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20208046,
39497
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[
1,
23
],
[
48,
52
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Vitellozzo Vitelli, Italian condottiero (b. c. 1458)",
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2619284,
36131
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[
1,
19
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[
48,
52
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},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Ahuitzotl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan",
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2908
],
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[
1,
10
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Giustina Rocca, Italian Renaissance lawyer, judge and diplomat",
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68036856
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[
1,
15
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Octavien de Saint-Gelais, French churchman, poet and translator (b. 1468)",
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2842397,
39501
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[
1,
25
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69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Gwerful Mechain, Welsh erotic poet (b. c. 1460?)",
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866303,
39506
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[
1,
16
],
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43,
47
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}
] | [
"1502"
] | 6,137 | 463 | 64 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 1502 | year | [] |
38,706 | 1,093,909,036 | 1501 | [
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},
{
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13,
26
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62
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[
67,
71
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 17 Leonhart Fuchs, German physician and botanist (d. 1566)",
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},
{
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71
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]
},
{
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46,
50
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},
{
"plaintext": " March 21 Anne Brooke, Baroness Cobham, English noble (d. 1558)",
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38664
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1,
9
],
[
11,
39
],
[
59,
63
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 12 Pietro Andrea Mattioli, Italian scientist (d. 1577)",
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1,
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11,
33
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61
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 6 Pope Marcellus II (d. 1555)",
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1,
6
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8,
25
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30,
34
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 17 Stanisław of Masovia, Polish duke (d. 1524)",
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1,
7
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[
9,
29
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47,
51
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 10 Cho Shik, Korean Confucian scholar and politician (d. 1572)",
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15809,
34891569,
34686
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1,
8
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10,
18
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " July 18 Isabella of Burgundy, queen of Christian II of Denmark (d. 1526)",
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16090,
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150846,
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1,
8
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10,
30
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[
41,
64
],
[
69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " August 17 Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1529)",
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34433009,
38684
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1,
10
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12,
49
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54,
58
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 18 Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, English baron (d. 1563)",
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28146,
2188863,
38661
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1,
13
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[
15,
49
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69,
73
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 24 Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler (d. 1576)",
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28202,
13145,
38601
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1,
13
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[
15,
31
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94,
98
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " September 26 Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo, Italian abbot, Marquess of Saluzzo (d. 1548)",
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28178,
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38672
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1,
13
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15,
41
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82,
86
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " November 14 Anna of Oldenburg, Regent of East Frisia from 1540 to 1561 (d. 1575)",
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21762,
25626637,
38603
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1,
12
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[
14,
31
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77,
81
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " December 2 Queen Munjeong, Korean queen (d. 1565)",
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8356,
9874282,
35229
],
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1,
11
],
[
13,
27
],
[
46,
50
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " date unknown",
"section_idx": 2,
"section_name": "Births",
"target_page_ids": [],
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},
{
"plaintext": " Girolamo da Carpi, Italian painter (d. 1556)",
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1438494,
38666
],
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[
1,
18
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[
40,
44
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Dawit II of Ethiopia (d. 1540)",
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1783481,
35144
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[
1,
21
],
[
26,
30
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Bauck Poppema, Dutch noble and heroine",
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29426889
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[
1,
14
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Anne Boleyn, second queen of Henry VIII of England (b. this year or 1507; d. 1536)",
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39356,
14187,
38698,
36117
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1,
12
],
[
30,
51
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[
69,
73
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[
78,
82
]
]
},
{
"plaintext": " Murakami Yoshikiyo, Japanese nobleman (d. 1573)",
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355628,
15573,
34757
],
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1,
19
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21,
26
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43,
47
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},
{
"plaintext": " probable",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Nicholas Heath, archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor (d. 1578)",
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226197,
38599
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1,
15
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17,
35
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[
40,
55
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[
60,
64
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Garcia de Orta, Portuguese physician (d. 1568)",
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"target_page_ids": [
1795511,
34960
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[
1,
15
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42,
46
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " Hilaire Penet, French composer",
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1269872,
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[
1,
14
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16,
22
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 3 Ali-Shir Nava'i, Central Asian poet, politician and writer (b. 1441)",
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15789,
1633378,
39925
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1,
10
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[
12,
27
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79
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 5 John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham, English baron and Lord High Treasurer (b. 1433)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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19279054,
27750763,
39917
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1,
10
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12,
41
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85,
89
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " January 25 Margaret of Bavaria, Electress Palatine, Princess of Bavaria-Landshut (b. 1456)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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15845,
31315713,
39507
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1,
11
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13,
52
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[
87,
91
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " February 1 Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria, German noble (b. 1439)",
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"section_name": "Deaths",
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10846,
38717,
39922
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1,
11
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13,
39
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[
58,
62
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " March 4 Thihathura II of Ava (b. 1474)",
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1,
8
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10,
30
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[
35,
39
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April John Doget, English diplomat",
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[
8,
18
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 7 Minkhaung II, king of Ava (b. 1446)",
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27092507,
39930
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[
1,
8
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[
10,
22
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[
40,
44
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " April 23 Domenico della Rovere, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1442)",
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11863557,
39926
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1,
9
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11,
32
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68
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]
},
{
"plaintext": " May 3 John Devereux, 9th Baron Ferrers of Chartley, English baron (b. 1463)",
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13754784,
39505
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1,
6
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[
8,
52
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[
72,
76
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},
{
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19582,
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[
1,
6
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[
8,
30
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},
{
"plaintext": " May 20 Columba of Rieti, Italian Dominican tertiary Religious Sister and blessed (b. 1467)",
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19677,
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8973,
39502
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1,
7
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9,
25
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[
35,
44
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[
87,
91
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 8 George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly, Earl of Huntly and Lord Chancellor of Scotland (b. 1440)",
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15864,
10071146,
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1,
7
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[
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42
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[
95,
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},
{
"plaintext": " June 17 John I Albert of Poland (b. 1459)",
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449864,
36190
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1,
8
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10,
33
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[
38,
42
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},
{
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143600,
12108,
12569
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1,
10
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12,
32
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[
34,
39
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[
52,
59
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},
{
"plaintext": " September 20",
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28148
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[
1,
13
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},
{
"plaintext": " Agostino Barbarigo, Doge of Venice",
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1,
19
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},
{
"plaintext": " Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, stepson of Edward IV of England (b. 1457)",
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46390,
36130
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36
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"plaintext": "In 2016 Perpignan had a population of 121,875 (Perpignanais(e) in French, Perpinyanés(a) in Catalan) in the commune proper, and the metropolitan area had a total population of 268,577, making it the last major French city before the Spanish border. Perpignan is also sometimes seen as the \"Entrance\" of the Iberian Peninsula.",
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"plaintext": "Perpignan is crossed by the largest river in Roussillon, the Têt, and by one of its tributaries, the Basse. Floods have occurred, as in 1892 when the rising of the Têt in Perpignan destroyed 39 houses, leaving more than 60 families homeless.",
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"plaintext": "Perpignan has a typical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) similar to much of the Mediterranean coastline of France. One might expect rain to be rare in the city, but in fact the annual precipitation levels are similar to the national average. However, the city is known for its patchy rains, with weeks or even months of rain falling in a matter of hours, followed by weeks and weeks without a drop of water. Perpignan experiences very hot summers and fairly mild winters. For decades, there has been no snow most of the time and temperatures can reach 40°C (104°F). Most of the precipitation occurs in the cold season, with extremely dry summers. A fresh north-westerly wind often blows, the Tramontana (French: Tramontane, pronounced [tʁamɔ̃tan), keeping the sky clear much of the time, resulting in high annual sunshine. But the presence of this wind makes winters colder than they should be from the geographical position of the city.",
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"plaintext": "Perpignan is served by the Gare de Perpignan railway station, which offers connections to Paris, Barcelona, Toulouse, and several regional destinations. Salvador Dalí proclaimed the station to be the \"Cosmic Centre of the Universe\" after experiencing a vision of cosmogonic ecstasy there in 1963.",
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"plaintext": "Though settlement in the area goes back to Roman times, the medieval town of Perpignan seems to have been founded around the beginning of the 10th century. Shortly afterwards, Perpignan became the capital of the counts of Roussillon. Historically, it was part of the region known as Septimania. In 1172 Count Girard II bequeathed his lands to the Counts of Barcelona. Perpignan acquired the institutions of a partly self-governing commune in 1197. French feudal rights over Roussillon were given up by Louis IX in the Treaty of Corbeil.",
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"plaintext": "When James I the Conqueror, king of Aragon and count of Barcelona, founded the Kingdom of Majorca in 1276, Perpignan became the capital of the mainland territories of the new state. The succeeding decades are considered the golden age in the history of the city. It prospered as a centre of cloth manufacture, leather work, goldsmiths' work, and other luxury crafts. King Philippe III of France died there in 1285, as he was returning from his unsuccessful crusade against the Aragonese Crown.",
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"plaintext": "Again besieged and captured by the French during the Thirty Years' War in September 1642, Perpignan was formally ceded by Spain 17 years later in the Treaty of the Pyrenees, and thereafter remained a French possession.",
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"plaintext": "In June 2020, it was reported that the National Rally's Louis Aliot won the mayor election in Perpignan. it would be the first time that the Marine Le Pen's party has won a city of more than 100,000 people.",
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"plaintext": "Each September, Perpignan hosts the internationally renowned Visa pour l'Image festival of photojournalism. Free exhibitions are mounted in the Couvent des Minimes, Chapelle des Dominicaines and other buildings in the old town.",
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"plaintext": "In 2008, Perpignan became Capital of Catalan Culture. In Perpignan many street name signs are in both French and Catalan.",
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"plaintext": "Like the rest of the south of France, Perpignan is a rugby stronghold: their rugby union side, USAP Perpignan, is a regular competitor in the global elite Heineken Cup and seven times champion of the French Top 14 (most recently in 2009). They play at the Stade Aimé Giral.",
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"plaintext": "The local association football team is Canet Roussillon FC, there is also an Australian rules football club Perpignan Tigers and American football club Grizzlys Catalans.",
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"plaintext": "Traditional commerce was in wine, olive oil, corks (the cork oak Quercus suber grows in Perpignan's mild climate), wool, leather, and iron. In May 1907 it was a seat of agitation by southern producers for government enforcement of wine quality following a collapse in prices. JOB rolling papers are currently manufactured in Perpignan.",
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"plaintext": "The 13th century Palace of the Kings of Majorca sits on the high citadel, surrounded by ramparts, reinforced for Louis XI and Charles V, which were updated in the 17th century by Louis XIV's military engineer Vauban.",
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"plaintext": " Paul Alday (c.1763–1835), violinist, composer, and music publisher",
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"plaintext": " Eugène Collache (1847–1883), French Navy officer who fought in Japan",
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"plaintext": " Mary Elmes (1908–2002), Irish aid worker",
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"plaintext": "Following a visit in 1963, the Catalan surrealist artist Salvador Dalí declared the city's railway station the centre of the Universe, saying that he always got his best ideas sitting in its waiting room. Dalí's painting La Gare de Perpignan commemorates his vision of \"cosmogonic ecstasy\" there on 19 September 1963. He followed that up some years later by declaring that the Iberian Peninsula rotated precisely at Perpignan station 132 million years ago – an event the artist invoked in his 1983 painting Topological Abduction of Europe – Homage to René Thom. Above the station is a monument in Dali's honour, and across the surface of one of the main platforms is painted, in big letters, «» (French for \"\").",
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38,708 | 1,104,952,480 | 1250 | [
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{
"plaintext": " Matteo I Visconti, Italian imperial vicar (d. 1322)",
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11071897,
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{
"plaintext": " Mordechai ben Hillel, German scholar (d. 1298)",
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2116072
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Nijō Tameyo, Japanese official and poet (d. 1338)",
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55700547,
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"plaintext": " Niklot I, German nobleman and knight (d. 1323)",
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34122006,
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"plaintext": " Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman (d. 1292)",
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"plaintext": " Robert II, French nobleman and knight (d. 1302)",
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2644549
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1,
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"plaintext": " Sancho of Aragon, Spanish archbishop (d. 1275)",
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{
"plaintext": " Theodoric of Freiberg, German physicist (d. 1311)",
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " Zavis of Falkenstein, German nobleman (d. 1290)",
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34785411,
39983
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " February 2 Eric XI (Eriksson), king of Sweden (b. 1216)",
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{
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{
"plaintext": " February 8",
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11360
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Andrew III, French nobleman and knight (b. 1200)",
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55531818,
36394
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1,
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68748662
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1,
13
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{
"plaintext": " Robert I (the Good), French nobleman (b. 1216)",
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1224592
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " William Longespée (the Younger), English knight",
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1457980
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1,
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{
"plaintext": " February 11 Jean de Ronay, French Grand Master",
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11184,
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{
"plaintext": " March 29 Ludolph of Ratzeburg, German bishop",
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20586,
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{
"plaintext": " April 6 ",
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1008
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1,
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"plaintext": " Guillaume de Sonnac, French Grand Master",
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1921330
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Hugh XI of Lusignan, French nobleman (b. 1221)",
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13553364,
36189
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19349,
13055153,
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"plaintext": " May 21 Humbert V, French nobleman and knight (b. 1198)",
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"plaintext": " May 26 Peter I (Mauclerc), French nobleman (b. 1187)",
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{
"plaintext": " May 27 Raniero Capocci, Italian priest and cardinal ",
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{
"plaintext": " Alice of Schaerbeek, Flemish Cistercian lay sister (b. 1220)",
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1,
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},
{
"plaintext": " Gilbertus Anglicus, English physician and writer (b. 1180)",
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{
"plaintext": " Julian of Speyer, German Franciscan composer and poet",
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"plaintext": " Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathematician and writer (b. 1170)",
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{
"plaintext": " Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, Persian biographer",
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"plaintext": " Walter of Serviliano, Italian Benedictine hermit and abbot",
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},
{
"plaintext": " Yang Miaozhen, Chinese female military leader (b. 1193)",
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"1250"
] | 5,487 | 692 | 47 | 218 | 0 | 0 | 1250 | year | [] |
38,709 | 1,097,031,790 | 1251 | [
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"plaintext": " date unknown ",
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"plaintext": "Eljigidei, Mongol commander of Persia",
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38,710 | 1,030,491,389 | Stockholm,_Wisconsin | [
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"plaintext": "There were 48 households, out of which 16.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.53.",
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"plaintext": "The median income for a household in the village was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $26,667 for females. The per-capita income for the village was $55,006, and 8.6% of the population is below the poverty line.",
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38,711 | 1,092,503,248 | Texas_Revolution | [
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"plaintext": "The revolution began in October 1835, after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas. The Mexican government had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed, particularly regarding immigration from the United States. Mexico had officially abolished slavery in Texas in 1830, and the desire of Anglo Texans to maintain the institution of chattel slavery in Texas was also a major cause of secession. Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. While delegates at the Consultation (provisional government) debated the war's motives, Texians and a flood of volunteers from the United States defeated the small garrisons of Mexican soldiers by mid-December 1835. The Consultation declined to declare independence and installed an interim government, whose infighting led to political paralysis and a dearth of effective governance in Texas. An ill-conceived proposal to invade Matamoros siphoned much-needed volunteers and provisions from the fledgling Texian Army. In March 1836, a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas.",
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"plaintext": "Determined to avenge Mexico's honor, Santa Anna vowed to personally retake Texas. His Army of Operations entered Texas in mid-February 1836 and found the Texians completely unprepared. Mexican General José de Urrea led a contingent of troops on the Goliad Campaign up the Texas coast, defeating all Texian troops in his path and executing most of those who surrendered. Santa Anna led a larger force to San Antonio de Béxar (or Béxar), where his troops defeated the Texian garrison in the Battle of the Alamo, killing almost all of the defenders.",
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"plaintext": "A newly created Texian army under the command of Sam Houston was constantly on the move, while terrified civilians fled with the army, in a melee known as the Runaway Scrape. On March 31, Houston paused his men at Groce's Landing on the Brazos River, and for the next two weeks, the Texians received rigorous military training. Becoming complacent and underestimating the strength of his foes, Santa Anna further subdivided his troops. On April 21, Houston's army staged a surprise assault on Santa Anna and his vanguard force at the Battle of San Jacinto. The Mexican troops were quickly routed, and vengeful Texians executed many who tried to surrender. Santa Anna was taken hostage; in exchange for his life, he ordered the Mexican army to retreat south of the Rio Grande. Mexico refused to recognize the Republic of Texas, and intermittent conflicts between the two countries continued into the 1840s. The annexation of Texas as the 28th state of the United States, in 1845, led directly to the Mexican–American War.",
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"plaintext": "After a failed attempt by France to colonize Texas in the late 17th century, Spain developed a plan to settle the region. On its southern edge, along the Medina and Nueces Rivers, Spanish Texas was bordered by the province of Coahuila. On the east, Texas bordered Louisiana. Following the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States also claimed the land west of the Sabine River, all the way to the Rio Grande. From 1812 to 1813 anti-Spanish republicans and U.S. filibusters rebelled against the Spanish Empire in what is known today as the Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition during the Mexican War of Independence. They won battles in the beginning and captured many Texas cities from the Spanish that led to a declaration of independence of the state of Texas as part of the Mexican Republic on April 17, 1813. The new Texas government and army met their doom in the Battle of Medina in August 1813, 20 miles south of San Antonio, where 1,300 of the 1,400 rebel army were killed in battle or executed shortly afterwards by royalist soldiers. It was the deadliest single battle in Texas history. 300 republican government officials in San Antonio were captured and executed by the Spanish royalists shortly after the battle. Antonio López de Santa Anna, future President of Mexico, fought in this battle as a royalist and followed his superiors' orders to take no prisoners. Another interesting note is two founding fathers of the Republic of Texas and future signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence in 1836, José Antonio Navarro and José Francisco Ruiz, took part in the Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition. Although the United States officially renounced that claim as part of the Transcontinental Treaty with Spain in 1819, many Americans continued to believe that Texas should belong to their nation, and over the next decade the United States made several offers to purchase the region.",
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"plaintext": "Following the Mexican War of Independence, Texas became part of Mexico. Under the Constitution of 1824, which defined the country as a federal republic, the provinces of Texas and Coahuila were combined to become the state Coahuila y Tejas. Texas was granted only a single seat in the state legislature, which met in Saltillo, hundreds of miles away. After months of grumbling by Tejanos (Mexican-born residents of Texas) outraged at the loss of their political autonomy, state officials agreed to make Texas a department of the new state, with a de facto capital in San Antonio de Béxar.",
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"plaintext": "Texas was very sparsely populated, with fewer than 3,500 residents, and only about 200 soldiers, which made it extremely vulnerable to attacks by native tribes and American filibusters. In the hopes that an influx of settlers could control the Indian raids, the bankrupt Mexican government liberalized immigration policies for the region. Finally able to settle legally in Texas, Anglos from the United States soon vastly outnumbered the Tejanos. Most of the immigrants came from the southern United States. Many were slave owners, and most brought with them significant prejudices against other races, attitudes often applied to the Tejanos. Mexico's official religion was Roman Catholicism, yet the majority of the immigrants were Protestants who distrusted Catholics.",
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"plaintext": "Mexican authorities became increasingly concerned about the stability of the region. The colonies teetered at the brink of revolt in 1829, after Mexico abolished slavery. In response, President Anastasio Bustamante implemented the Laws of April 6, 1830, which, among other things, prohibited further immigration to Texas from the United States, increased taxes, and reiterated the ban on slavery. Settlers simply circumvented or ignored the laws. By 1834, an estimated 30,000 Anglos lived in Coahuila y Tejas, compared to only 7,800Mexican-born residents. By the end of 1835, almost 5,000 enslaved Africans and African Americans lived in Texas, making up 13 percent of the non-Indian population.",
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"plaintext": "In 1832, Antonio López de Santa Anna led a revolt to overthrow Bustamante. Texians, or English-speaking settlers, used the rebellion as an excuse to take up arms. By mid-August, all Mexican troops had been expelled from east Texas. Buoyed by their success, Texians held two political conventions to persuade Mexican authorities to weaken the Laws of April 6, 1830. Bustamante was replaced by the liberal federalist Valentin Gomez Farias, who would attempt to reach a compromise with the Texans. In November 1833, the Mexican government attempted to address some of their concerns, repealing some sections of the law and granting the colonists further concessions, including increased representation in the state legislature. Stephen F. Austin, who had brought the first American settlers to Texas, wrote to a friend that \"Every evil complained of has been remedied.\" Mexican authorities were quietly watchful, concerned that the colonists were maneuvering towards secession.",
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"plaintext": "Santa Anna overthrew Gomez Farias in April 1834, and soon revealed himself to be a centralist, inaugurating the Centralist Republic of Mexico. In 1835, the 1824 Constitution was overturned; state legislatures were dismissed, militias disbanded. Federalists throughout Mexico were appalled. Citizens in the states of Oaxaca and Zacatecas took up arms. After Santa Anna's troops subdued the rebellion in Zacatecas in May, he gave his troops two days to pillage the city; over 2,000 noncombatants were killed. The governor of Coahuila y Tejas, Agustín Viesca, refused to dissolve the legislature, instead ordering that the session reconvene in Béxar, further from the influence of the Mexican army. Although prominent Tejano Juan Seguín raised a militia company to assist the governor, the Béxar ayuntamiento (city council) ordered him not to interfere, and Viesca was arrested before he reached Texas.",
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"plaintext": "Public opinion in Texas was divided. Editorials in the United States began advocating complete independence for Texas. After several men staged a minor revolt against customs duties in Anahuac in June, local leaders began calling for a public meeting to determine whether a majority of settlers favored independence, a return to federalism, or the status quo. Although some leaders worried that Mexican officials would see this type of gathering as a step towards revolution, by the end of August most communities had agreed to send delegates to the Consultation, scheduled for October 15.",
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"plaintext": "As early as April 1835, military commanders in Texas began requesting reinforcements, fearing the citizens would revolt. Mexico was ill-prepared for a large civil war, but continued unrest in Texas posed a significant danger to the power of Santa Anna and of Mexico. If the people of Coahuila also took up arms, Mexico faced losing a large portion of its territory. Without the northeastern province to act as a buffer, it was likely that United States influence would spread, and the Mexican territories of Nuevo Mexico and Alta California would be at risk of future American encroachment. Santa Anna had no wish to tangle with the United States, and he knew that the unrest needed to be subdued before the United States could be convinced to become involved. In early September, Santa Anna ordered his brother-in-law, General Martín Perfecto de Cos, to lead 500 soldiers to Texas to quell any potential rebellion. Cos and his men landed at the port of Copano on September 20. Austin called on all municipalities to raise militias to defend themselves.",
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"plaintext": "In the early 1830s, the army loaned the citizens of Gonzales a small cannon for protection against Indian raids. After a Mexican soldier bludgeoned a Gonzales resident on September 10, 1835, tensions rose even further, and Mexican authorities felt it unwise to leave the settlers with a weapon. Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea, commander of all Mexican military forces in Texas, sent a small detachment of troops to retrieve the cannon. After settlers escorted the group from town without the cannon, Ugartechea sent 100 dragoons with Lieutenant Francisco de Castañeda to demand compliance, with orders to avoid force if possible.",
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"plaintext": "Many of the settlers believed Mexican authorities were manufacturing an excuse to attack the town and eliminate the militia. Texians stalled Castañeda's attempts to negotiate the cannon's return for several days as they waited for reinforcements from other colonies. In the early hours of October 2, approximately 140 Texian volunteers attacked Castañeda's force. After a brief skirmish, Castañeda requested a meeting with Texian leader John Henry Moore. Castañeda revealed that he shared their federalist leanings, but that he was honor-bound to follow orders. As Moore returned to camp, the Texians raised a homemade white banner with an image of the cannon painted in black in the center, over the words \"Come and Take It\". Realizing that he was outnumbered and outgunned, Castañeda led his troops back to Béxar. In this first battle of the revolution, two Mexican soldiers were killed, and one Texian was injured when he fell off his horse. Although the event was, as characterized by historian William C. Davis, \"an inconsequential skirmish in which one side did not try to fight\", Texians soon declared it a victory over Mexican troops. News of the skirmish spread throughout the United States, encouraging many adventurers to come to Texas to join the fight.",
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"plaintext": "Volunteers continued to arrive in Gonzales. On October 11, the troops unanimously elected Austin, who had no official military experience, the leader of the group he had dubbed the Army of the People. From the beginning, the volunteer army proved to have little discipline. Austin's first official order was to remind his men that they were expected to obey their commanding officers. Buoyed by their victory, the Texians were determined to drive the Mexican army out of Texas, and they began preparing to march to Béxar.",
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"plaintext": "After learning that Texian troops had attacked Castañeda at Gonzales, Cos made haste for Béxar. Unaware of his departure, on October 6, Texians in Matagorda marched on Presidio La Bahía in Goliad to kidnap him and steal the $50,000 that was rumored to accompany him. On October 10, approximately 125 volunteers, including 30 Tejanos, stormed the presidio. The Mexican garrison surrendered after a thirty-minute battle. One or two Texians were wounded and three Mexican soldiers were killed with seven more wounded.",
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"plaintext": "The Texians established themselves in the presidio, under the command of Captain Philip Dimmitt, who immediately sent all the local Tejano volunteers to join Austin on the march to Béxar. At the end of the month, Dimmitt sent a group of men under Ira Westover to engage the Mexican garrison at Fort Lipantitlán, near San Patricio. Late on November 3, the Texians took the undermanned fort without firing a shot. After dismantling the fort, they prepared to return to Goliad. The remainder of the Mexican garrison, which had been out on patrol, approached. The Mexican troops were accompanied by 15–20 loyal centralists from San Patricio, including all members of the ayuntamiento. After a thirty-minute skirmish, the Mexican soldiers and Texian centralists retreated. With their departure, the Texian army controlled the Gulf Coast, forcing Mexican commanders to send all communication with the Mexican interior overland. The slower land journey left Cos unable to quickly request or receive reinforcements or supplies.",
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"plaintext": "On their return to Goliad, Westover's group encountered Governor Viesca. After being freed by sympathetic soldiers, Viesca had immediately traveled to Texas to recreate the state government. Dimmitt welcomed Viesca but refused to recognize his authority as governor. This caused an uproar in the garrison, as many supported the governor. Dimmitt declared martial law and soon alienated most of the local residents. Over the next few months, the area between Goliad and Refugio descended into civil war. Goliad native Carlos de la Garza led a guerrilla warfare campaign against the Texian troops. According to historian Paul Lack, the Texian \"antiguerilla tactics did too little to crush out opposition but quite enough to sway the uncommitted toward the centralists.\"",
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"plaintext": "While Dimmitt supervised the Texian forces along the Gulf Coast, Austin led his men towards Béxar to engage Cos and his troops. Confident that they would quickly rout the Mexican troops, many Consultation delegates chose to join the military. Unable to reach a quorum, the Consultation was postponed until November 1. On October 16, the Texians paused from Béxar. Austin sent a messenger to Cos giving the requirements the Texians would need to lay down their arms and \"avoid the sad consequences of the Civil War which unfortunately threatens Texas\". Cos replied that Mexico would not \"yield to the dictates of foreigners\".",
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"plaintext": "The approximately 650 Mexican troops quickly built barricades throughout the town. Within days the Texian army, about 450 strong, initiated a siege of Béxar, and gradually moved their camp nearer Béxar. On October 27, an advance party led by James Bowie and James Fannin chose Mission Concepción as the next campsite and sent for the rest of the Texian army. On learning that the Texians were temporarily divided, Ugartechea led troops to engage Bowie and Fannin's men. The Mexican cavalry was unable to fight effectively in the wooded, riverbottom terrain, and the weapons of the Mexican infantry had a much shorter range than those of the Texians. After three Mexican infantry attacks were repulsed, Ugartechea called for a retreat. One Texian soldier had died, and between 14 and 76 Mexican soldiers were killed. Although Texas Tech University professor emeritus Alwyn Barr noted that the battle of Concepción \"should have taught... lessons on Mexican courage and the value of a good defensive position\", Texas history expert Stephen Hardin believes that \"the relative ease of the victory at Concepción instilled in the Texians a reliance on their long rifles and a contempt for their enemies\".",
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"plaintext": "As the weather turned colder and rations grew smaller, groups of Texians began to leave, most without permission. Morale was boosted on November 18, when the first group of volunteers from the United States, the New Orleans Greys, joined the Texian army. Unlike the majority of the Texian volunteers, the Greys looked like soldiers, with uniforms, well-maintained rifles, adequate ammunition, and some semblance of discipline.",
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"plaintext": "After Austin resigned his command to become a commissioner to the United States, soldiers elected Edward Burleson as their new commander. On November 26, Burleson received word that a Mexican pack train of mules and horses, accompanied by 50–100Mexican soldiers, was within of Béxar. After a near mutiny, Burleson sent Bowie and William H. Jack with cavalry and infantry to intercept the supplies. In the subsequent skirmish, the Mexican forces were forced to retreat to Béxar, leaving their cargo behind. To the disappointment of the Texians, the saddlebags contained only fodder for the horses; for this reason the battle was later known as the Grass Fight. Although the victory briefly uplifted the Texian troops, morale continued to fall as the weather turned colder and the men grew bored. After several proposals to take Béxar by force were voted down by the Texian troops, on December 4 Burleson proposed that the army lift the siege and retreat to Goliad until spring. In a last effort to avoid a retreat, Colonel Ben Milam personally recruited units to participate in an attack. The following morning, Milam and Colonel Frank W. Johnson led several hundred Texians into the city. Over the next four days, Texians fought their way from house to house towards the fortified plazas near the center of town.",
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"plaintext": "Cos received 650 reinforcements on December 8, but to his dismay most of them were raw recruits, including many convicts still in chains. Instead of being helpful, the reinforcements were mainly a drain on the dwindling food supplies. Seeing few other options, on December 9, Cos and the bulk of his men withdrew into the Alamo Mission on the outskirts of Béxar. Cos presented a plan for a counterattack; cavalry officers believed that they would be surrounded by Texians and refused their orders. Possibly 175 soldiers from four of the cavalry companies left the mission and rode south; Mexican officers later claimed the men misunderstood their orders and were not deserting. The following morning, Cos surrendered. Under the terms of the surrender, Cos and his men would leave Texas and no longer fight against supporters of the Constitution of 1824. With his departure, there was no longer an organized garrison of Mexican troops in Texas, and many of the Texians believed that the war was over. Burleson resigned his leadership of the army on December 15 and returned to his home. Many of the men did likewise, and Johnson assumed command of the 400 soldiers who remained.",
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"plaintext": "According to Barr, the large number of American volunteers in Béxar \"contributed to the Mexican view that Texian opposition stemmed from outside influences\". In reality, of the 1,300 men who volunteered to fight for the Texian army in October and November 1835, only 150–200 arrived from the United States after October 2. The rest were residents of Texas with an average immigration date of 1830. Volunteers came from every municipality, including those that were partially occupied by Mexican forces. However, as residents returned to their homes following Cos's surrender, the Texian army composition changed dramatically. Of the volunteers serving from January through March 1836, 78 percent had arrived from the United States after October 2, 1835.",
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"plaintext": "The Consultation finally convened on November 3 in San Felipe with 58 of the 98 elected delegates. After days of bitter debate, the delegates voted to create a provisional government based on the principles of the Constitution of 1824. Although they did not declare independence, the delegates insisted they would not rejoin Mexico until federalism had been reinstated. The new government would consist of a governor and a General Council, with one representative from each municipality. Under the assumption that these two branches would cooperate, there was no system of checks and balances.",
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"plaintext": "On November 13, delegates voted to create a regular army and named Sam Houston its commander-in-chief. In an effort to attract volunteers from the United States, soldiers would be granted land bounties. This provision was significant, as all public land was owned by the state or the federal government, indicating that the delegates expected Texas to eventually declare independence. Houston was given no authority over the volunteer army led by Austin, which predated the Consultation. Houston was also appointed to the Select Committee on Indian Affairs. Three men, including Austin, were asked to go to the United States to gather money, volunteers, and supplies. The delegates elected Henry Smith as governor. On November 14, the Consultation adjourned, leaving Smith and the Council in charge.",
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"plaintext": "The new Texas government had no funds, so the military was granted the authority to impress supplies. This policy soon resulted in an almost universal hatred of the council, as food and supplies became scarce, especially in the areas around Goliad and Béxar, where Texian troops were stationed. Few of the volunteers agreed to join Houston's regular army. The Telegraph and Texas Register noted that \"some are not willing, under the present government, to do any duty ... That our government is bad, all acknowledge, and no one will deny.\"",
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"plaintext": "Leaders in Texas continued to debate whether the army was fighting for independence or a return to federalism. On December 22, Texian soldiers stationed at La Bahía issued the Goliad Declaration of Independence. Unwilling to decide the matter themselves, the Council called for another election, for delegates to the Convention of 1836. The Council specifically noted that all free white males could vote, as well as Mexicans who did not support centralism. Smith tried to veto the latter requirement, as he believed even Tejanos with federalist leanings should be denied suffrage.",
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"plaintext": "Leading federalists in Mexico, including former governor Viesca, Lorenzo de Zavala, and José Antonio Mexía, were advocating a plan to attack centralist troops in Matamoros. Council members were taken with the idea of a Matamoros Expedition. They hoped it would inspire other federalist states to revolt and keep the bored Texian troops from deserting the army. Most importantly, it would move the war zone outside Texas. The Council officially approved the plan on December 25, and on December 30 Johnson and his aide Dr. James Grant took the bulk of the army and almost all of the supplies to Goliad to prepare for the expedition. Historian Stuart Reid posits that Grant was secretly in the employ of the British government, and that his plan to capture Matamoros, and thus tie Texas more tightly to Mexico, may have been an unofficial plan of his to advance the interests of his employers in the region.",
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"plaintext": "Petty bickering between Smith and the Council members increased dramatically, and on January 9, 1836, Smith threatened to dismiss the Council unless they agreed to revoke their approval of the Matamoros Expedition. Two days later the Council voted to impeach Smith and named James W. Robinson the Acting Governor. It was unclear whether either side actually had the authority to dismiss the other. By this point, Texas was essentially in anarchy.",
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"plaintext": "Under orders from Smith, Houston successfully dissuaded all but 70 men from continuing to follow Johnson. With his own authority in question following Smith's impeachment, Houston washed his hands of the army and journeyed to Nacogdoches to negotiate a treaty with Cherokee leaders. Houston vowed that Texas would recognize Cherokee claims to land in East Texas as long as the Indians refrained from attacking settlements or assisting the Mexican army. In his absence, Fannin, as the highest-ranking officer active in the regular army, led the men who did not want to go to Matamoros to Goliad.",
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"plaintext": "The council had neglected to provide specific instructions on how to structure the February vote for convention delegates, leaving it up to each municipality to determine how to balance the desires of the established residents against those of the volunteers newly arrived from the United States. Chaos ensued; in Nacogdoches, the election judge turned back a company of 40 volunteers from Kentucky who had arrived that week. The soldiers drew their weapons; Colonel Sidney Sherman announced that he \"had come to Texas to fight for it and had as soon commence in the town of Nacogdoches as elsewhere\". Eventually, the troops were allowed to vote. With rumors that Santa Anna was preparing a large army to advance into Texas, rhetoric degenerated into framing the conflict as a race war between Anglos defending their property against, in the words of David G. Burnet, a \"mongrel race of degenerate Spaniards and Indians more depraved than they\".",
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"plaintext": "News of the armed uprising at Gonzales reached Santa Anna on October 23. Aside from the ruling elite and members of the army, few in Mexico knew or cared about the revolt. Those with knowledge of the events blamed the Anglos for their unwillingness to conform to the laws and culture of their new country. Anglo immigrants had forced a war on Mexico, and Mexican honor insisted that the usurpers be defeated. Santa Anna transferred his presidential duties to Miguel Barragán in order to personally lead troops to put an end to the Texian revolt. Santa Anna and his soldiers believed that the Texians would be quickly cowed. The Mexican Secretary of War, José María Tornel, wrote: \"The superiority of the Mexican soldier over the mountaineers of Kentucky and the hunters of Missouri is well known. Veterans seasoned by 20years of wars can't be intimidated by the presence of an army ignorant of the art of war, incapable of discipline, and renowned for insubordination.\"",
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"plaintext": "At this time, there were only 2,500 soldiers in the Mexican interior. This was not enough to crush a rebellion and provide security—from attacks by both Indians and federalists—throughout the rest of the country. According to author Will Fowler, Santa Anna financed the Texas expedition with three loans; one from the city of San Luis Potosí, and the other two loans from individuals Cayetano Rubio and Juan N. Errazo. Santa Anna had guaranteed at least a portion of the repayments with his own financial holdings. He began to assemble a new army, which he dubbed the Army of Operations in Texas. A majority of the troops had been conscripted or were convicts who chose service in the military over jail. The Mexican officers knew that the Brown Bess muskets they carried lacked the range of the Texian weapons, but Santa Anna was convinced that his superior planning would nonetheless result in an easy victory. Corruption was rampant, and supplies were not plentiful. Almost from the beginning, rations were short, and there were no medical supplies or doctors. Few troops were issued heavy coats or blankets for the winter.",
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"plaintext": "In late December, at Santa Anna's behest, the Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops \"will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag.\" In the early nineteenth century, captured pirates were executed immediately. The resolution thus gave the Mexican army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the Texians. This information was not widely distributed, and it is unlikely that most of the American recruits serving in the Texian army were aware that there would be no prisoners-of-war.",
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"plaintext": "By December 1835, 6,019soldiers had begun their march towards Texas. Progress was slow. There were not enough mules to transport all of the supplies, and many of the teamsters, all civilians, quit when their pay was delayed. The large number of soldaderas—women and children who followed the army—reduced the already scarce supplies. In Saltillo, Cos and his men from Béxar joined Santa Anna's forces. Santa Anna regarded Cos's promise not to take up arms in Texas as meaningless because it had been given to rebels.",
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"plaintext": "From Saltillo, the army had three choices: advance along the coast on the Atascocita Road from Matamoros to Goliad, or march on Béxar from the south, along the Laredo road, or from the west, along the Camino Real. Santa Anna ordered General José de Urrea to lead 550 troops to Goliad. Although several of Santa Anna's officers argued that the entire army should advance along the coast, where supplies could be gained via sea, Santa Anna instead focused on Béxar, the political center of Texas and the site of Cos's defeat. His brother-in-law's surrender was seen as a blow to the honor of his family and to Mexico; Santa Anna was determined to restore both. Santa Anna may also have thought Béxar would be easier to defeat, as his spies had informed him that most of the Texian army was along the coast, preparing for the Matamoros Expedition. Santa Anna led the bulk of his men up the Camino Real to approach Béxar from the west, confounding the Texians, who had expected any advancing troops to approach from the south. On February 17, they crossed the Nueces River, officially entering Texas.",
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"plaintext": "Temperatures reached record lows, and by February 13 an estimated of snow had fallen. A large number of the new recruits were from the tropical climate of the Yucatán and had been unable to acclimate to the harsh winter conditions. Some of them died of hypothermia, and others contracted dysentery. Soldiers who fell behind were sometimes killed by Comanche raiding parties. Nevertheless, the army continued to march towards Béxar. As they progressed, settlers in their path in South Texas evacuated northward. The Mexican army ransacked and occasionally burned the vacant homes. Santa Anna and his commanders received timely intelligence on Texian troop locations, strengths, and plans, from a network of Tejano spies organized by de la Garza.",
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"plaintext": "Fewer than 100 Texian soldiers remained at the Alamo Mission in Béxar, under the command of Colonel James C. Neill. Unable to spare the number of men necessary to mount a successful defense of the sprawling facility, in January Houston sent Bowie with 30 men to remove the artillery and destroy the complex. In a letter to Governor Smith, Bowie argued that \"the salvation of Texas depends in great measure on keeping Béxar out of the hands of the enemy. It serves as the frontier picquet guard, and if it were in the possession of Santa Anna, there is no stronghold from which to repel him in his march towards the Sabine.\" The letter to Smith ended, \"Colonel Neill and myself have come to the solemn resolution that we will rather die in these ditches than give it up to the enemy.\" Few reinforcements were authorized; cavalry officer William B. Travis arrived in Béxar with 30men on February 3 and five days later, a small group of volunteers arrived, including the famous frontiersman Davy Crockett. On February 11, Neill left to recruit additional reinforcements and gather supplies. In his absence, Travis and Bowie shared command.",
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"plaintext": "When scouts brought word on February 23 that the Mexican advance guard was in sight, the unprepared Texians gathered what food they could find in town and fell back to the Alamo. By late afternoon, Béxar was occupied by about 1,500 Mexican troops, who quickly raised a blood-red flag signifying no quarter. For the next 13 days, the Mexican army besieged the Alamo. Several small skirmishes gave the defenders much-needed optimism, but had little real impact. Bowie fell ill on February 24, leaving Travis in sole command of the Texian forces. The same day, Travis sent messengers with a letter To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World, begging for reinforcements and vowing \"victory or death\"; this letter was reprinted throughout the United States and much of Europe. Texian and American volunteers began to gather in Gonzales, waiting for Fannin to arrive and lead them to reinforce the Alamo. After days of indecision, on February 26 Fannin prepared to march his 300 troops to the Alamo; they turned back the next day. Fewer than 100 Texian reinforcements reached the fort.",
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"plaintext": "Approximately 1,000 Mexican reinforcements arrived on March 3. The following day, a local woman, likely Bowie's relative Juana Navarro Alsbury, was rebuffed by Santa Anna when she attempted to negotiate a surrender for the Alamo defenders. This visit increased Santa Anna's impatience, and he scheduled an assault for early on March 6. Many of his officers were against the plan; they preferred to wait until the artillery had further damaged the Alamo's walls and the defenders were forced to surrender. Santa Anna was convinced that a decisive victory would improve morale and sound a strong message to those still agitating in the interior and elsewhere in Texas.",
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"plaintext": "In the early hours of March 6, the Mexican army attacked the fort. Troops from Béxar were excused from the front lines, so that they would not be forced to fight their families and friends. In the initial moments of the assault the Mexican troops were at a disadvantage. Although their column formation allowed only the front rows of soldiers to fire safely, inexperienced recruits in the back also discharged their weapons; many Mexican soldiers were unintentionally killed by their own comrades. As Mexican soldiers swarmed over the walls, at least 80 Texians fled the Alamo and were cut down by Mexican cavalry. Within an hour, almost all of the Texian defenders, estimated at 182–257 men, were killed. Between four and seven Texians, possibly including Crockett, surrendered. Although General Manuel Fernández Castrillón attempted to intercede on their behalf, Santa Anna insisted that the prisoners be executed immediately.",
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"plaintext": "Most Alamo historians agree that 400–600Mexicans were killed or wounded. This would represent about one-third of the Mexican soldiers involved in the final assault, which historian Timothy Todish remarks is \"a tremendous casualty rate by any standards\". The battle was militarily insignificant, but had an enormous political impact. Travis had succeeded in buying time for the Convention of 1836, scheduled for March 1, to meet. If Santa Anna had not paused in Béxar for two weeks, he would have reached San Felipe by March 2 and very likely would have captured the delegates or caused them to flee.",
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"plaintext": "The survivors, primarily women and children, were questioned by Santa Anna and then released. Susanna Dickinson was sent with Travis's slave Joe to Gonzales, where she lived, to spread the news of the Texian defeat. Santa Anna assumed that knowledge of the disparity in troop numbers and the fate of the Texian soldiers at the Alamo would quell the resistance, and that Texian soldiers would quickly leave the territory.",
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"plaintext": "Urrea reached Matamoros on January 31. A committed federalist himself, he soon convinced other federalists in the area that the Texians' ultimate goal was secession and their attempt to spark a federalist revolt in Matamoros was just a method of diverting attention from themselves. Mexican double agents continued to assure Johnson and Grant that they would be able to take Matamoros easily. While Johnson waited in San Patricio with a small group of men, Grant and between 26 and 53 others roamed the area between the Nueces River and Matamoros. Although they were ostensibly searching for more horses, it is likely Grant was also attempting to contact his sources in Matamoros to further coordinate an attack.",
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"plaintext": "Just after midnight on February 27, Urrea's men surprised Johnson's forces. Six Texians, including Johnson, escaped; the remainder were captured or killed. After learning of Grant's whereabouts from local spies, Mexican dragoons ambushed the Texians at Agua Dulce Creek on March 2. Twelve Texians were killed, including Grant, four were captured, and six escaped. Although Urrea's orders were to execute those captured, he instead sent them to Matamoros as prisoners.",
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"plaintext": "On March 11, Fannin sent Captain Amon B. King to help evacuate settlers from the mission in Refugio. King and his men instead spent a day searching local ranches for centralist sympathizers. They returned to the mission on March 12 and were soon besieged by Urrea's advance guard and de la Garza's Victoriana Guardes. That same day, Fannin received orders from Houston to destroy Presidio La Bahía (by then renamed Fort Defiance) and march to Victoria. Unwilling to leave any of his men behind, Fannin sent William Ward with 120 men to help King's company. Ward's men drove off the troops besieging the church, but rather than return to Goliad, they delayed a day to conduct further raids on local ranches.",
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"plaintext": "Urrea arrived with almost 1,000 troops on March 14. At the battle of Refugio, an engagement markedly similar to the battle of Concepción, the Texians repulsed several attacks and inflicted heavy casualties, relying on the greater accuracy and range of their rifles. By the end of the day, the Texians were hungry, thirsty, tired, and almost out of ammunition. Ward ordered a retreat, and under cover of darkness and rain the Texian soldiers slipped through Mexican lines, leaving several severely wounded men behind. Over the next several days, Urrea's men, with the help of local centralist supporters, rounded up many of the Texians who had escaped. Most were executed, although Urrea pardoned a few after their wives begged for their lives, and Mexican Colonel Juan José Holzinger insisted that all of the non-Americans be spared.",
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"plaintext": "By the end of the day on March 16, the bulk of Urrea's forces began marching to Goliad to corner Fannin. Still waiting for word from King and Ward, Fannin continued to delay his evacuation from Goliad. As they prepared to leave on March 18, Urrea's advance guard arrived. For the rest of the day, the two cavalries skirmished aimlessly, succeeding only in exhausting the Texian oxen, which had remained hitched to their wagons with no food or water throughout the day.",
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"plaintext": "The Texians began their retreat on March 19. The pace was unhurried, and after travelling only , the group stopped for an hour to rest and allow the oxen to graze. Urrea's troops caught up to the Texians later that afternoon, while Fannin and his force of about 300 men were crossing a prairie. Having learned from the fighting at Refugio, Urrea was determined that the Texians would not reach the cover of timber approximately ahead, along Coleto Creek. As Mexican forces surrounded them, the Texians formed a tight hollow square for defense. They repulsed three charges during this battle of Coleto, resulting in about nine Texians killed and 51 wounded, including Fannin. Urrea lost 50 men, with another 140 wounded. Texians had little food, no water, and declining supplies of ammunition, but voted to not try to break for the timber, as they would have had to leave the wounded behind.",
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"plaintext": "The following morning, March 20, Urrea paraded his men and his newly arrived artillery. Seeing the hopelessness of their situation, the Texians with Fannin surrendered. Mexican records show that the Texians surrendered at discretion; Texian accounts claim that Urrea promised the Texians would be treated as prisoners-of-war and granted passage to the United States. Two days later, a group of Urrea's men surrounded Ward and the last of his group less than from Victoria. Over Ward's vehement objections, his men voted to surrender, later recalling they were told they would be sent back to the United States.",
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"plaintext": "On Palm Sunday, March 27, Fannin, Ward, Westover, and their men were marched out of the presidio and shot. Mexican cavalry were stationed nearby to chase down any who tried to escape. Approximately 342 Texians died, and 27 either escaped or were spared by Mexican troops. Several weeks after the Goliad massacre, the Mexican Congress granted an official reprieve to any Texas prisoners who had incurred capital punishment.",
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"plaintext": "The Convention of 1836 in Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 1 attracted 45 delegates, representing 21 municipalities. Within an hour of the convention's opening, George C. Childress submitted a proposed Texas Declaration of Independence, which passed overwhelmingly on March 2. On March 6, hours after the Alamo had fallen, Travis's final dispatch arrived. His distress was evident; delegate Robert Potter immediately moved that the convention be adjourned and all delegates join the army. Houston convinced the delegates to remain, and then left to take charge of the army. With the backing of the convention, Houston was now commander-in-chief of all regular, volunteer, and militia forces in Texas.",
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"plaintext": "Over the next ten days, delegates prepared a constitution for the Republic of Texas. Parts of the document were copied verbatim from the United States Constitution; other articles were paraphrased. The new nation's government was structured similarly to that of the United States, with a bicameral legislature, a chief executive, and a supreme court. In a sharp departure from its model, the new constitution expressly permitted impressment of goods and forced housing for soldiers. It also explicitly legalized slavery and recognized the people's right to revolt against government authority. After adopting the constitution on March 17, delegates elected interim officers to govern the country and then adjourned. David G. Burnet, who had not been a delegate, was elected president. The following day, Burnet announced the government was leaving for Harrisburg.",
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"plaintext": "On March 11, Santa Anna sent one column of troops to join Urrea, with instructions to move to Brazoria once Fannin's men had been neutralized. A second set of 700 troops under General Antonio Gaona would advance along the Camino Real to Mina, and then on to Nacogdoches. General Joaquín Ramírez y Sesma would take an additional 700 men to San Felipe. The Mexican columns were thus moving northeast on roughly parallel paths, separated by .",
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"plaintext": "The same day that Mexican troops departed Béxar, Houston arrived in Gonzales and informed the 374 volunteers (some without weapons) gathered there that Texas was now an independent republic. Just after on March 13, Susanna Dickinson and Joe brought news that the Alamo garrison had been defeated and the Mexican army was marching towards Texian settlements. A hastily convened council of war voted to evacuate the area and retreat. The evacuation commenced at midnight and happened so quickly that many Texian scouts were unaware the army had moved on. Everything that could not be carried was burned, and the army's only two cannon were thrown into the Guadalupe River. When Ramírez y Sesma reached Gonzales the morning of March 14, he found the buildings still smoldering.",
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"plaintext": "Most citizens fled on foot, many carrying their small children. A cavalry company led by Seguín and Salvador Flores were assigned as rear guard to evacuate the more isolated ranches and protect the civilians from attacks by Mexican troops or Indians. The further the army retreated, the more civilians joined the flight. For both armies and the civilians, the pace was slow; torrential rains had flooded the rivers and turned the roads into mud pits.",
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"plaintext": "As news of the Alamo's fall spread, volunteer ranks swelled, reaching about 1,400 men on March 19. Houston learned of Fannin's defeat on March 20 and realized his army was the last hope for an independent Texas. Concerned that his ill-trained and ill-disciplined force would only be good for one battle and aware that his men could easily be outflanked by Urrea's forces, Houston continued to avoid engagement, to the immense displeasure of his troops. By March 28, the Texian army had retreated across the Navidad and Colorado Rivers. Many troops deserted; those who remained grumbled that their commander was a coward.",
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"plaintext": "On March 31, Houston paused his men at Groce's Landing, roughly north of San Felipe. Two companies that refused to retreat further than San Felipe were assigned to guard the crossings on the Brazos River. For the next two weeks, the Texians rested, recovered from illness, and, for the first time, began practicing military drills. While there, two cannons, known as the Twin Sisters, arrived from Cincinnati, Ohio. Interim Secretary of War Thomas Rusk joined the camp, with orders from Burnet to replace Houston if he refused to fight. Houston quickly persuaded Rusk that his plans were sound. Secretary of State Samuel P. Carson advised Houston to continue retreating all the way to the Sabine River, where more volunteers would likely flock from the United States and allow the army to counterattack. Unhappy with everyone involved, Burnet wrote to Houston: \"The enemy are laughing you to scorn. You must fight them. You must retreat no further. The country expects you to fight. The salvation of the country depends on your doing so.\" Complaints within the camp became so strong that Houston posted notices that anyone attempting to usurp his position would be court-martialed and shot.",
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"plaintext": "Santa Anna and a smaller force had remained in Béxar. After receiving word that the acting president, Miguel Barragán, had died, Santa Anna seriously considered returning to Mexico City to solidify his position. Fear that Urrea's victories would position him as a political rival convinced Santa Anna to remain in Texas to personally oversee the final phase of the campaign. He left on March 29 to join Ramírez y Sesma, leaving only a small force to hold Béxar. At dawn on April 7, their combined force marched into San Felipe and captured a Texian soldier, who informed Santa Anna that the Texians planned to retreat further if the Mexican army crossed the Brazos River. Unable to cross the Brazos due to the small company of Texians barricaded at the river crossing, on April 14 a frustrated Santa Anna led a force of about 700 troops to capture the interim Texas government. Government officials fled mere hours before Mexican troops arrived in Harrisburg, and Santa Anna sent Colonel Juan Almonte with 50 cavalry to intercept them in New Washington. Almonte arrived just as Burnet shoved off in a rowboat, bound for Galveston Island. Although the boat was still within range of their weapons, Almonte ordered his men to hold their fire so as not to endanger Burnet's family.",
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"plaintext": "At this point, Santa Anna believed the rebellion was in its final death throes. The Texian government had been forced off the mainland, with no way to communicate with its army, which had shown no interest in fighting. He determined to block the Texian army's retreat and put a decisive end to the war. Almonte's scouts incorrectly reported that Houston's army was going to Lynchburg Crossing, on Buffalo Bayou, in preparation for joining the government in Galveston, so Santa Anna ordered Harrisburg burned and pressed on towards Lynchburg.",
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"plaintext": "The Texian army had resumed their march eastward. On April 16, they came to a crossroads; one road led north towards Nacogdoches, the other went to Harrisburg. Without orders from Houston and with no discussion amongst themselves, the troops in the lead took the road to Harrisburg. They arrived on April 18, not long after the Mexican army's departure. That same day, Deaf Smith and Henry Karnes captured a Mexican courier carrying intelligence on the locations and future plans of all of the Mexican troops in Texas. Realizing that Santa Anna had only a small force and was not far away, Houston gave a rousing speech to his men, exhorting them to \"Remember the Alamo\" and \"Remember Goliad\". His army then raced towards Lynchburg. Out of concern that his men might not differentiate between Mexican soldiers and the Tejanos in Seguín's company, Houston originally ordered Seguín and his men to remain in Harrisburg to guard those who were too ill to travel quickly. After loud protests from Seguín and Antonio Menchaca, the order was rescinded, provided the Tejanos wear a piece of cardboard in their hats to identify them as Texian soldiers.",
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"plaintext": "The area along Buffalo Bayou had many thick oak groves, separated by marshes. This type of terrain was familiar to the Texians and quite alien to the Mexican soldiers. Houston's army, comprising 900 men, reached Lynch's Ferry mid-morning on April 20; Santa Anna's 700-man force arrived a few hours later. The Texians made camp in a wooded area along the bank of Buffalo Bayou; while the location provided good cover and helped hide their full strength, it also left the Texians no room for retreat. Over the protests of several of his officers, Santa Anna chose to make camp in a vulnerable location, a plain near the San Jacinto River, bordered by woods on one side, marsh and lake on another. The two camps were approximately apart, separated by a grassy area with a slight rise in the middle. Colonel Pedro Delgado later wrote that \"the camping ground of His Excellency's selection was in all respects, against military rules. Any youngster would have done better.\"",
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"plaintext": "Over the next several hours, two brief skirmishes occurred. Texians won the first, forcing a small group of dragoons and the Mexican artillery to withdraw. Mexican dragoons then forced the Texian cavalry to withdraw. In the melee, Rusk, on foot to reload his rifle, was almost captured by Mexican soldiers, but was rescued by newly arrived Texian volunteer Mirabeau B. Lamar. Over Houston's objections, many infantrymen rushed onto the field. As the Texian cavalry fell back, Lamar remained behind to rescue another Texian who had been thrown from his horse; Mexican officers \"reportedly applauded\" his bravery. Houston was irate that the infantry had disobeyed his orders and given Santa Anna a better estimate of their strength; the men were equally upset that Houston hadn't allowed a full battle.",
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"plaintext": "Throughout the night, Mexican troops worked to fortify their camp, creating breastworks out of everything they could find, including saddles and brush. At on April 21, Cos arrived with 540 reinforcements, bringing the Mexican force to 1,200 men, which outnumbered the Texians. Cos's men were raw recruits rather than experienced soldiers, and they had marched steadily for more than 24 hours, with no rest and no food. As the morning wore on with no Texian attack, Mexican officers lowered their guard. By afternoon, Santa Anna had given permission for Cos's men to sleep; his own tired troops also took advantage of the time to rest, eat, and bathe.",
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"plaintext": "Not long after the Mexican reinforcements arrived, Houston ordered Smith to destroy Vince's Bridge, away, to slow down any further Mexican reinforcements. At the Texians began creeping quietly through the tall grass, pulling the cannon behind them. The Texian cannon fired at 4:30, beginning the battle of San Jacinto. After a single volley, Texians broke ranks and swarmed over the Mexican breastworks to engage in hand-to-hand combat. Mexican soldiers were taken completely by surprise. Santa Anna, Castrillón, and Almonte yelled often conflicting orders, attempting to organize their men into some form of defense. Within 18 minutes, Mexican soldiers abandoned their campsite and fled for their lives. The killing lasted for hours.",
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"plaintext": "Many Mexican soldiers retreated through the marsh to Peggy Lake. Texian riflemen stationed themselves on the banks and shot at anything that moved. Many Texian officers, including Houston and Rusk, attempted to stop the slaughter, but they were unable to gain control of the men. Texians continued to chant \"Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!\" while frightened Mexican infantry yelled \"Me no Alamo!\" and begged for mercy to no avail. In what historian Davis called \"one of the most one-sided victories in history\", 650 Mexican soldiers were killed and 300 captured. Eleven Texians died, with 30 others, including Houston, wounded.",
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"plaintext": "Although Santa Anna's troops had been thoroughly vanquished, they did not represent the bulk of the Mexican army in Texas. An additional 4,000 troops remained under the commands of Urrea and General Vicente Filisola. Texians had won the battle due to mistakes made by Santa Anna, and Houston was well aware that his troops would have little hope of repeating their victory against Urrea or Filisola. As darkness fell, a large group of prisoners were led into camp. Houston initially mistook the group for Mexican reinforcements and shouted out that all was lost.",
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"plaintext": "Santa Anna had successfully escaped towards Vince's Bridge. Finding the bridge destroyed, he hid in the marsh and was captured the following day. He was brought before Houston, who had been shot in the ankle and badly wounded. Texian soldiers gathered around, calling for the Mexican general's immediate execution. Bargaining for his life, Santa Anna suggested that he order the remaining Mexican troops to stay away. In a letter to Filisola, who was now the senior Mexican official in Texas, Santa Anna wrote that \"yesterday evening [we] had an unfortunate encounter\" and ordered his troops to retreat to Béxar and await further instructions.",
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"plaintext": "Urrea urged Filisola to continue the campaign. He was confident that he could successfully challenge the Texian troops. According to Hardin, \"Santa Anna had presented Mexico with one military disaster; Filisola did not wish to risk another.\" Spring rains ruined the ammunition and rendered the roads almost impassable, with troops sinking to their knees in mud. Mexican troops were soon out of food, and began to fall ill from dysentery and other diseases. Their supply lines had completely broken down, leaving no hope of further reinforcements. Filisola later wrote that \"Had the enemy met us under these cruel circumstances, on the only road that was left, no alternative remained but to die or surrender at discretion\".",
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"plaintext": "For several weeks after San Jacinto, Santa Anna continued to negotiate with Houston, Rusk, and then Burnet. Santa Anna suggested two treaties, a public version of promises made between the two countries, and a private version that included Santa Anna's personal agreements. The Treaties of Velasco required that all Mexican troops retreat south of the Rio Grande and that all private property—code for slaves—be respected and restored. Prisoners-of-war would be released unharmed, and Santa Anna would be given passage to Veracruz immediately. He secretly promised to persuade the Mexican Congress to acknowledge the Republic of Texas and to recognize the Rio Grande as the border between the two countries.",
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"plaintext": "When Urrea began marching south in mid-May, many families from San Patricio who had supported the Mexican army went with him. When Texian troops arrived in early June, they found only 20 families remaining. The area around San Patricio and Refugio suffered a \"noticeable depopulation\" in the Republic of Texas years. Although the treaty had specified that Urrea and Filisola would return any slaves their armies had sheltered, Urrea refused to comply. Many former slaves followed the army to Mexico, where they could be free. By late May the Mexican troops had crossed the Nueces. Filisola fully expected that the defeat was temporary and that a second campaign would be launched to retake Texas.",
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"plaintext": "When Mexican authorities received word of Santa Anna's defeat at San Jacinto, flags across the country were lowered to half staff and draped in mourning. Denouncing any agreements signed by Santa Anna, a prisoner of war, the Mexican authorities refused to recognize the Republic of Texas. Filisola was derided for leading the retreat and quickly replaced by Urrea. Within months, Urrea gathered 6,000 troops in Matamoros, poised to reconquer Texas. However, the renewed Mexican invasion of Texas never materialized as Urrea's army was redirected to address continued federalist rebellions in other state regions in Mexico.",
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"plaintext": "Most in Texas assumed the Mexican army would return quickly. So many American volunteers flocked to the Texian army in the months after the victory at San Jacinto that the Texian government was unable to maintain an accurate list of enlistments. Out of caution, Béxar remained under martial law throughout 1836. Rusk ordered that all Tejanos in the area between the Guadalupe and Nueces Rivers migrate either to east Texas or to Mexico. Some residents who refused to comply were forcibly removed. New Anglo settlers moved in and used threats and legal maneuvering to take over the land once owned by Tejanos. Over the next several years, hundreds of Tejano families resettled in Mexico.",
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"plaintext": "For years, Mexican authorities used the reconquering of Texas as an excuse for implementing new taxes and making the army the budgetary priority of the impoverished nation. Only sporadic skirmishes resulted. Larger expeditions were postponed as military funding was consistently diverted to other rebellions, out of fear that those regions would ally with Texas and further fragment the country. The northern Mexican states, the focus of the Matamoros Expedition, briefly launched an independent Republic of the Rio Grande in 1839. The same year, the Mexican Congress considered a law to declare it treasonous to speak positively of Texas. In June 1843, leaders of the two nations declared an armistice.",
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"plaintext": "On June 1, 1836, Santa Anna boarded a ship to travel back to Mexico. For the next two days, crowds of Texian soldiers, many of whom had arrived that week from the United States, gathered to demand his execution. Lamar, by now promoted to Secretary of War, gave a speech insisting that \"Mobs must not intimidate the government. We want no French Revolution in Texas!\", but on June 4 soldiers seized Santa Anna and put him under military arrest. According to Lack, \"the shock of having its foreign policy overturned by popular rebellion had weakened the interim government irrevocably\". A group of soldiers staged an unsuccessful coup in mid-July. In response, Burnet called for elections to ratify the constitution and elect a Congress, the sixth set of leaders for Texas in a 12-month period. Voters overwhelmingly chose Houston the first president, ratified the constitution drawn up by the Convention of 1836, and approved a resolution to request annexation to the United States. Houston issued an executive order sending Santa Anna to Washington, D.C., and from there he was soon sent home.",
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"plaintext": "During his absence, Santa Anna had been deposed. Upon his arrival, the Mexican press wasted no time in attacking him for his cruelty towards those prisoners executed at Goliad. In May 1837, Santa Anna requested an inquiry into the event. The judge determined the inquiry was only for fact-finding and took no action; press attacks in both Mexico and the United States continued. Santa Anna was disgraced until the following year, when he became a hero of the Pastry War.",
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"plaintext": "The first Texas Legislature declined to ratify the treaty Houston had signed with the Cherokee, declaring he had no authority to make any promises. Although the Texian interim governments had vowed to eventually compensate citizens for goods that were impressed during the war efforts, for the most part livestock and horses were not returned. Veterans were guaranteed land bounties; in 1879, surviving Texian veterans who served more than three months from October 1, 1835, through January 1, 1837 were guaranteed an additional in public lands. Over 1.3million acres (559 thousand ha) of land were granted; some of this was in Greer County, which was later determined to be part of Oklahoma.",
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"plaintext": "Republic of Texas policies changed the status of many living in the region. The constitution forbade free blacks from living in Texas permanently. Individual slaves could only be freed by congressional order, and the newly emancipated person would then be forced to leave Texas. Women also lost significant legal rights under the new constitution, which substituted English common law practices for the traditional Spanish law system. Under common law, the idea of community property was eliminated, and women no longer had the ability to act for themselves legally – to sign contracts, own property, or sue. Some of these rights were restored in 1845, when Texas added them to the new state constitution. During the Republic of Texas years, Tejanos likewise faced much discrimination.",
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"plaintext": "Mexican authorities blamed the loss of Texas on United States intervention. Although the United States remained officially neutral, 40 percent of the men who enlisted in the Texian army from October 1 through April 21 arrived from the United States after hostilities began. More than 200 of the volunteers were members of the United States Army; none were punished when they returned to their posts. American individuals also provided supplies and money to the cause of Texian independence. For the next decade, Mexican politicians frequently denounced the United States for the involvement of its citizens.",
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"plaintext": "The United States agreed to recognize the Republic of Texas in March 1837 but declined to annex the territory. The fledgling republic now attempted to persuade European nations to agree to recognition. In late 1839 France recognized the Republic of Texas after being convinced it would make a fine trading partner.",
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"plaintext": "For several decades, official British policy was to maintain strong ties with Mexico in the hopes that the country could stop the United States from expanding further. When the Texas Revolution erupted, Great Britain had declined to become involved, officially expressing confidence that Mexico could handle its own affairs. In 1840, after years in which the Republic of Texas was neither annexed by the United States nor reabsorbed into Mexico, Britain signed a treaty to recognize the nation and act as a mediator to help Texas gain recognition from Mexico.",
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"plaintext": "The United States voted to annex Texas as the 28th state in March 1845. Two months later, Mexico agreed to recognize the Republic of Texas as long as there was no annexation to the United States. On July 4, 1845, Texians voted for annexation. This prompted the Mexican–American War, in which Mexico lost almost 55 percent of its territory to the United States and formally relinquished its claim on Texas.",
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"plaintext": "Although no new fighting techniques were introduced during the Texas Revolution, casualty figures were quite unusual for the time. Generally in 19th-century warfare, the number of wounded outnumbered those killed by a factor of two or three. From October 1835 through April 1836, approximately 1,000 Mexican and 700 Texian soldiers died, while the wounded numbered 500 Mexican and 100 Texian. The deviation from the norm was due to Santa Anna's decision to label Texian rebels as traitors and to the Texian desire for revenge.",
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"plaintext": "During the revolution, Texian soldiers gained a reputation for courage and militance. Lack points out that fewer than five percent of the Texian population enrolled in the army during the war, a fairly low rate of participation. Texian soldiers recognized that the Mexican cavalry was far superior to their own. Over the next decade, the Texas Rangers borrowed Mexican cavalry tactics and adopted the Spanish saddle and spurs, the riata, and the bandana.",
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"plaintext": "The Texas Veterans Association, composed solely of revolutionary veterans living in Texas, was active from 1873 through 1901 and played a key role in convincing the legislature to create a monument to honor the San Jacinto veterans. In the late 19th century, the Texas Legislature purchased the San Jacinto battlesite, which is now home to the San Jacinto Monument, the tallest stone column monument in the world. In the early 20th century, the Texas Legislature purchased the Alamo Mission, now an official state shrine. In front of the church, in the center of Alamo Plaza, stands a cenotaph designed by Pompeo Coppini which commemorates the defenders who died during the battle. More than 2.5million people visit the Alamo every year.",
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"plaintext": "The Texas Revolution has been the subject of poetry and of many books, plays and films. Most English-language treatments reflect the perspectives of the Anglos and are centered primarily on the battle of the Alamo. From the first novel depicting events of the revolution, 1838's Mexico versus Texas, through the mid-20th century, most works contained themes of anticlericalism and racism, depicting the battle as a fight for freedom between good (Anglo Texian) and evil (Mexican). In both English- and Spanish-language literature, the Alamo is often compared to the battle of Thermopylae. The 1950s Disney miniseries Davy Crockett, which was largely based on myth, created a worldwide craze for everything Alamo-related. Within several years, John Wayne directed and starred in one of the best-known and perhaps least historically accurate film versions, The Alamo (1960). Notably, this version made the first attempt to leave behind racial stereotypes; it was still banned in Mexico. In the late 1970s, works about the Alamo began to explore Tejano perspectives, which had been all but extinguished even from textbooks about the revolution, and to explore the revolution's links to slavery.",
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"plaintext": " List of Texas Revolution battles",
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"plaintext": " Timeline of the Texas Revolution",
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"plaintext": " originally published 2004 by New York: Free Press",
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"plaintext": " Hitsman, J. Mackay. \"The Texas War Of 1835-1836.\" History Today (Feb 1960) 10#2 pp 116–123.",
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"plaintext": " Omniatlas.com: Map of North America showing the Texas Revolution",
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] | [
"Texas_Revolution",
"Mexican_Texas",
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"Conflicts_in_1835",
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"1835_in_Mexico",
"1835_in_Texas",
"1836_in_Mexico",
"1836_in_the_Republic_of_Texas",
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] | 638,530 | 24,063 | 889 | 223 | 0 | 1 | Texas Revolution | war between Texans and Mexico, 1835-1836, resulting in the independent Republic of Texas | [
"War of Texas Independence"
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"plaintext": "The English word world comes from the Old English . The Old English is a reflex of the Common Germanic *, a compound of 'man' and 'age', thus literally meaning roughly 'age of man'; this word also led to Old Frisian , Old Saxon , Old Dutch , Old High German , and Old Norse .",
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"plaintext": "The corresponding word in Latin is , literally 'clean, elegant', itself a loan translation of Greek cosmos 'orderly arrangement'. While the Germanic word thus reflects a mythological notion of a \"domain of Man\" (compare Midgard), presumably as opposed to the divine sphere on the one hand and the chthonic sphere of the underworld on the other, the Greco-Latin term expresses a notion of creation as an act of establishing order out of chaos.",
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"plaintext": "Different fields often work with quite different conceptions of the essential features associated with the term \"world\". Some conceptions see the world as unique: there can be no more than one world. Others talk of a \"plurality of worlds\". Some see worlds as complex things composed of many substances as their parts while others hold that worlds are simple in the sense that there is only one substance: the world as a whole. Some characterize worlds in terms of objective spacetime while others define them relative to the horizon present in each experience. These different characterizations are not always exclusive: it may be possible to combine some without leading to a contradiction. Most of them agree that worlds are unified totalities.",
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"plaintext": "Monism is a thesis about oneness: that only one thing exists in a certain sense. The denial of monism is pluralism, the thesis that, in a certain sense, more than one thing exists. There are many forms of monism and pluralism, but in relation to the world as a whole, two are of special interest: existence monism/pluralism and priority monism/pluralism. Existence monism states that the world is the only concrete object there is. This means that all the concrete \"objects\" we encounter in our daily lives, including apples, cars and ourselves, are not truly objects in a strict sense. Instead, they are just dependent aspects of the world-object. Such a world-object is simple in the sense that it does not have any genuine parts. For this reason, it has also been referred to as \"blobject\" since it lacks an internal structure just like a blob. Priority monism allows that there are other concrete objects besides the world. But it holds that these objects do not have the most fundamental form of existence, that they somehow depend on the existence of the world. The corresponding forms of pluralism, on the other hand, state that the world is complex in the sense that it is made up of concrete, independent objects.",
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"plaintext": "Scientific cosmology can be defined as the science of the universe as a whole. In it, the terms \"universe\" and \"cosmos\" are usually used as synonyms for the term \"world\". One common definition of the world/universe found in this field is as \"[t]he totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be\". Some definitions emphasize that there are two other aspects to the universe besides spacetime: forms of energy or matter, like stars and particles, and laws of nature. Different world-conceptions in this field differ both concerning their notion of spacetime and of the contents of spacetime. The theory of relativity plays a central role in modern cosmology and its conception of space and time. An important difference from its predecessors is that it conceives space and time not as distinct dimensions but as a single four-dimensional manifold called spacetime. This can be seen in special relativity in relation to the Minkowski metric, which includes both spatial and temporal components in its definition of distance. General relativity goes one step further by integrating the concept of mass into the concept of spacetime as its curvature. Quantum cosmology, on the other hand, uses a classical notion of spacetime and conceives the whole world as one big wave function expressing the probability of finding particles in a given location.",
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"plaintext": "The world-concept plays an important role in many modern theories of modality, usually in the form of possible worlds. A possible world is a complete and consistent way how things could have been. The actual world is a possible world since the way things are is a way things could have been. But there are many other ways things could have been besides how they actually are. For example, Hillary Clinton did not win the 2016 US election, but she could have won them. So there is a possible world in which she did. There is a vast number of possible worlds, one corresponding to each such difference, no matter how small or big, as long as no outright contradictions are introduced this way.",
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"plaintext": "Possible worlds are often conceived as abstract objects, for example, in terms of non-obtaining states of affairs or as maximally consistent sets of propositions. On such a view, they can even be seen as belonging to the actual world. Another way to conceive possible worlds, made famous by David Lewis, is as concrete entities. On this conception, there is no important difference between the actual world and possible worlds: both are conceived as concrete, inclusive and spatiotemporally connected. The only difference is that the actual world is the world we live in, while other possible worlds are not inhabited by us but by our counterparts. Everything within a world is spatiotemporally connected to everything else but the different worlds do not share a common spacetime: They are spatiotemporally isolated from each other. This is what makes them separate worlds.",
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"plaintext": "It has been suggested that, besides possible worlds, there are also impossible worlds. Possible worlds are ways things could have been, so impossible worlds are ways things could not have been. Such worlds involve a contradiction, like a world in which Hillary Clinton both won and lost the 2016 US election. Both possible and impossible worlds have in common the idea that they are totalities of their constituents.",
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"plaintext": "Within phenomenology, worlds are defined in terms of horizons of experiences. When we perceive an object, like a house, we do not just experience this object at the center of our attention but also various other objects surrounding it, given in the periphery. The term \"horizon\" refers to these co-given objects, which are usually experienced only in a vague, indeterminate manner. The perception of a house involves various horizons, corresponding to the neighborhood, the city, the country, the Earth, etc. In this context, the world is the biggest horizon or the \"horizon of all horizons\". It's common among phenomenologists to understand the world not just as a spatiotemporal collection of objects but as additionally incorporating various other relations between these objects. These relations include, for example, indication-relations that help us anticipate one object given the appearances of another object and means-end-relations or functional involvements relevant for practical concerns.",
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"plaintext": "In philosophy of mind, the term \"world\" is commonly used in contrast to the term \"mind\" as that which is represented by the mind. This is sometimes expressed by stating that there is a gap between mind and world and that this gap needs to be overcome for representation to be successful. One of the central problems in philosophy of mind is to explain how the mind is able to bridge this gap and to enter into genuine mind-world-relations, for example, in the form of perception, knowledge or action. This is necessary for the world to be able to rationally constrain the activity of the mind. According to a realist position, the world is something distinct and independent from the mind. Idealists, on the other hand, conceive of the world as partially or fully determined by the mind. Immanuel Kant's transcendental idealism, for example, posits that the spatiotemporal structure of the world is imposed by the mind on reality but lacks independent existence otherwise. A more radical idealist conception of the world can be found in Berkeley's subjective idealism, which holds that the world as a whole, including all everyday objects like tables, cats, trees and ourselves, \"consists of nothing but minds and ideas\".",
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"plaintext": "Different theological positions hold different conceptions of the world based on its relation to God. Classical theism states that God is wholly distinct from the world. But the world depends for its existence on God, both because God created the world and because He maintains or conserves it. This is sometimes understood in analogy to how humans create and conserve ideas in their imagination, with the difference being that the divine mind is vastly more powerful. On such a view, God has absolute, ultimate reality in contrast to the lower ontological status ascribed to the world. God's involvement in the world is often understood along the lines of a personal, benevolent God who looks after and guides His creation. Deists agree with theists that God created the world but deny any subsequent, personal involvement in it. Pantheists, on the other hand, reject the separation between God and world. Instead, they claim that the two are identical. This means that there is nothing to the world that does not belong to God and that there is nothing to God beyond what is found in the world. Panentheism constitutes a middle ground between theism and pantheism. Against theism, It holds that God and the world are interrelated and depend on each other. Against pantheism, it holds that there is no outright identity between the two. Atheists, on the other hand, deny the existence of God and thereby of conceptions of the world based on its relation to God.",
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"plaintext": "In philosophy, the term world has several possible meanings. In some contexts, it refers to everything that makes up reality or the physical universe. In others, it can mean have a specific ontological sense (see world disclosure). While clarifying the concept of world has arguably always been among the basic tasks of Western philosophy, this theme appears to have been raised explicitly only at the start of the twentieth century and has been the subject of continuous debate. The question of what the world is has by no means been settled.",
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"plaintext": "The traditional interpretation of Parmenides' work is that he argued that the everyday perception of reality of the physical world (as described in doxa) is mistaken, and that the reality of the world is 'One Being' (as described in aletheia): an unchanging, ungenerated, indestructible whole.",
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"plaintext": "Plato is well known for his theory of forms, which posits the existence of two different worlds: the sensible world and the intelligible world. The sensible world is the world we live in, filled with changing physical things we can see, touch and interact with. The intelligible world, on the other hand, is the world of invisible, eternal, changeless forms like goodness, beauty, unity and sameness. Plato ascribes a lower ontological status to the sensible world, which only imitates the world of forms. This is due to the fact that physical things exist only to the extent that they participate in the forms that characterize them, while the forms themselves have an independent manner of existence. In this sense, the sensible world is a mere replication of the perfect exemplars found in the world of forms: it never lives up to the original. In the allegory of the cave, Plato compares the physical things we are familiar with to mere shadows of the real things. But not knowing the difference, the prisoners in the cave mistake the shadows for the real things.",
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"plaintext": "In Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's philosophy of history, the expression Weltgeschichte ist Weltgericht (World History is a tribunal that judges the World) is used to assert the view that History is what judges men, their actions and their opinions. Science is born from the desire to transform the World in relation to Man; its final end is technical application.",
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"plaintext": "The World as Will and Representation is the central work of Arthur Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer saw the human will as our one window to the world behind the representation; the Kantian thing-in-itself. He believed, therefore, that we could gain knowledge about the thing-in-itself, something Kant said was impossible, since the rest of the relationship between representation and thing-in-itself could be understood by analogy to the relationship between human will and human body.",
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"plaintext": "Two definitions that were both put forward in the 1920s, however, suggest the range of available opinion. \"The world is everything that is the case,\" wrote Ludwig Wittgenstein in his influential Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, first published in 1921. This definition would serve as the basis of logical positivism, with its assumption that there is exactly one world, consisting of the totality of facts, regardless of the interpretations that individual people may make of them.",
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"plaintext": "Martin Heidegger, meanwhile, argued that \"the surrounding world is different for each of us, and notwithstanding that we move about in a common world\". The world, for Heidegger, was that into which we are always already \"thrown\" and with which we, as beings-in-the-world, must come to terms. His conception of \"world disclosure\" was most notably elaborated in his 1927 work Being and Time.",
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"plaintext": "\"World\" is one of the key terms in Eugen Fink's philosophy. He thinks that there is a misguided tendency in western philosophy to understand the world as one enormously big thing containing all the small everyday things we are familiar with. He sees this view as a form of forgetfulness of the world and tries to oppose it by what he calls the \"cosmological difference\": the difference between the world and the inner-worldly things it contains. On his view, the world is the totality of the inner-worldly things that transcends them. It is itself groundless but it provides a ground for things. It therefore cannot be identified with a mere container. Instead, the world gives appearance to inner-worldly things, it provides them with a place, a beginning and an end. One difficulty in investigating the world is that we never encounter it since it is not just one more thing that appears to us. This is why Fink uses the notion of play or playing to elucidate the nature of the world. He sees play as a symbol of the world that is both part of it and that represents it. Play usually comes with a form of imaginary play-world involving various things relevant to the play. But just like the play is more than the imaginary realities appearing in it so the world is more than the actual things appearing in it.",
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"plaintext": "The concept of worlds plays a central role in Nelson Goodman's late philosophy. He argues that we need to posit different worlds in order to account for the fact that there are different incompatible truths found in reality. Two truths are incompatible if they ascribe incompatible properties to the same thing. This happens, for example, when we assert both that the earth moves and that the earth is at rest. These incompatible truths correspond to two different ways of describing the world: heliocentrism and geocentrism. Goodman terms such descriptions \"world versions\". He holds a correspondence theory of truth: a world version is true if it corresponds to a world. Incompatible true world versions correspond to different worlds. It is common for theories of modality to posit the existence of a plurality of possible worlds. But Goodman's theory is different since it posits a plurality not of possible but of actual worlds. Such a position is in danger of involving a contradiction: there cannot be a plurality of actual worlds if worlds are defined as maximally inclusive wholes. This danger may be avoided by interpreting Goodman's world-concept not as maximally inclusive wholes in the absolute sense but in relation to its corresponding world-version: a world contains all and only the entities that its world-version describes.",
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"plaintext": "Mythological cosmologies often depict the world as centered on an axis mundi and delimited by a boundary such as a world ocean, a world serpent or similar. In some religions, worldliness (also called carnality) is that which relates to this world as opposed to other worlds or realms.",
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"plaintext": "In Buddhism, the world means society, as distinct from the monastery. It refers to the material world, and to worldly gain such as wealth, reputation, jobs, and war. The spiritual world would be the path to enlightenment, and changes would be sought in what we could call the psychological realm.",
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"plaintext": "In Christianity, the term often connotes the concept of the fallen and corrupt world order of human society, in contrast to the World to Come. The world is frequently cited alongside the flesh and the Devil as a source of temptation that Christians should flee. Monks speak of striving to be \"in this world, but not of this world\" — as Jesus said — and the term \"worldhood\" has been distinguished from \"monkhood\", the former being the status of merchants, princes, and others who deal with \"worldly\" things.",
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"plaintext": "This view is clearly expressed by king Alfred the Great of England (d. 899) in his famous Preface to the Cura Pastoralis:",
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"plaintext": "Although Hebrew and Greek words meaning \"world\" are used in Scripture with the normal variety of senses, many examples of its use in this particular sense can be found in the teachings of Jesus according to the Gospel of John, e.g. 7:7, 8:23, 12:25, 14:17, 15:18-19, 17:6-25, 18:36. In contrast, a relatively newer concept is Catholic imagination.",
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"plaintext": "Contemptus mundi is the name given to the belief that the world, in all its vanity, is nothing more than a futile attempt to hide from God by stifling our desire for the good and the holy. This view has been criticised as a \"pastoral of fear\" by modern historian Jean Delumeau.",
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"plaintext": "During the Second Vatican Council, there was a novel attempt to develop a positive theological view of the World, which is illustrated by the pastoral optimism of the constitutions Gaudium et spes, Lumen gentium, Unitatis redintegratio and Dignitatis humanae.",
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"plaintext": "In Eastern Christian monasticism or asceticism, the world of mankind is driven by passions. Therefore, the passions of the World are simply called \"the world\". Each of these passions are a link to the world of mankind or order of human society. Each of these passions must be overcome in order for a person to receive salvation (Theosis). The process of Theosis is a personal relationship with God. This understanding is taught within the works of ascetics like Evagrius Ponticus, and the most seminal ascetic works read most widely by Eastern Christians, the Philokalia and The Ladder of Divine Ascent (the works of Evagrius and John Climacus are also contained within the Philokalia). At the highest level of world transcendence is hesychasm which culminates into the Vision of God.",
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"plaintext": "Orbis Catholicus is a Latin phrase meaning Catholic world, per the expression Urbi et Orbi, and refers to that area of Christendom under papal supremacy. It is somewhat similar to the phrases secular world, Jewish world and Islamic world.",
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"plaintext": "In Islam, the term \"dunya\" is used for the world. Its meaning is derived from the root word \"dana\", a term for \"near\". It is mainly associated with the temporal, sensory world and earthly concerns, i.e. with this world in contrast to the spiritual world. Some religious teachings warn of our tendency to seek happiness in this world and advise a more ascetic lifestyle concerned with the afterlife. But other strands in Islam recommend a balanced approach.",
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"plaintext": "In Mandaean cosmology, the world or earthly realm is known as Tibil. It is separated from the World of Light (alma d-nhūra) above and the World of Darkness (alma d-hšuka) below by ayar (aether).",
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"plaintext": "Hinduism constitutes a wide family of religious-philosophical views. These views present different perspectives on the nature and role of the world. Samkhya philosophy, for example, is a metaphysical dualism that understands reality as comprising two parts: purusha and prakriti. The term \"purusha\" stands for the individual conscious self that each of us possesses. Prakriti, on the other hand, is the one world inhabited by all these selves. Samkhya understands this world as a world of matter governed by the law of cause and effect. The term \"matter\" is understood in a very wide sense in this tradition including both physical and mental aspects. This is reflected in the doctrine of tattvas, according to which prakriti is made up of 23 different principles or elements of reality. These principles include both physical elements, like water or earth, and mental aspects, like intelligence or sense-impressions. The relation between purusha and prakriti is usually conceived as one of mere observation: purusha is the conscious self aware of the world of prakriti but does not causally interact with it.",
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"plaintext": "A very different conception of the world is present in Advaita Vedanta, the monist school among the Vedanta schools. Unlike the realist position defended in Samkhya philosophy, Advaita Vedanta sees the world of multiplicity as an illusion, referred to as Maya. This illusion also includes our impression of existing as separate experiencing selfs called Jivas. Instead, Advaita Vedanta teaches that on the most fundamental level of reality, referred to as Brahman, there exists no plurality or difference. All there is is one all-encompassing self: Atman. Ignorance is seen as the source of this illusion, which results in bondage to the world of mere appearances. But liberation is possible in the course of overcoming this illusion by acquiring the knowledge of Brahman, according to Advaita Vedanta.",
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"plaintext": "A worldview is a comprehensive representation of the world and our place in it. As a representation, it is a subjective perspective of the world and thereby different from the world it represents. All higher animals need to represent their environment in some way in order to navigate it. But it has been argued that only humans possess a representation encompassing enough to merit the term \"worldview\". Philosophers of worldviews commonly hold that the understanding of any object depends on a worldview constituting the background on which this understanding can take place. This may affect not just our intellectual understanding of the object in question but the experience of it in general. It is therefore impossible to assess one's worldview from a neutral perspective since this assessment already presupposes the worldview as its background. Some hold that each worldview is based on a single hypothesis that promises to solve all the problems of our existence we may encounter. On this interpretation, the term is closely associated to the worldviews given by different religions. Worldviews offer orientation not just in theoretical matters but also in practical matters. For this reason, they usually include answers to the question of the meaning of life and other evaluative components about what matters and how we should act. A worldview can be unique to one individual but worldviews are usually shared by many people within a certain culture or religion.",
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"plaintext": "The idea that there exist many different worlds is found in various fields. For example, Theories of modality talk about a plurality of possible worlds and the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics carries this reference even in its name. Talk of different worlds is also common in everyday language, for example, with reference to the world of music, the world of business, the world of football, the world of experience or the Asian world. But at the same time, worlds are usually defined as all-inclusive totalities. This seems to contradict the very idea of a plurality of worlds since if a world is total and all-inclusive then it cannot have anything outside itself. Understood this way, a world can neither have other worlds besides itself or be part of something bigger. One way to resolve this paradox while holding onto the notion of a plurality of worlds is to restrict the sense in which worlds are totalities. On this view, worlds are not totalities in an absolute sense. This might be even understood in the sense that, strictly speaking, there are no worlds at all. Another approach understands worlds in a schematic sense: as context-dependent expressions that stand for the current domain of discourse. So in the expression \"Around the World in Eighty Days\", the term \"world\" refers to the earth while in the colonial expression \"the New World\" it refers to the landmass of North and South America.",
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"plaintext": "Cosmogony is the field that studies the origin or creation of the world. This includes both scientific cosmogony and creation myths found in various religions. The dominant theory in scientific cosmogony is the Big Bang theory, according to which both space, time and matter have their origin in one initial singularity occurring about 13.8 billion years ago. This singularity was followed by an expansion that allowed the universe to sufficiently cool down for the formation of subatomic particles and later atoms. These initial elements formed giant clouds, which would then coalesce into stars and galaxies. Non-scientific creation myths are found in many cultures and are often enacted in rituals expressing their symbolic meaning. They can be categorized concerning their contents. Types often found include creation from nothing, from chaos or from a cosmic egg.",
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"plaintext": "Eschatology refers to the science or doctrine of the last things or of the end of the world. It is traditionally associated with religion, specifically with the Abrahamic religions.",
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"plaintext": "In this form, it may include teachings both of the end of each individual human life and of the end of the world as a whole. But it has been applied to other fields as well, for example, in the form of physical Eschatology, which includes scientifically based speculations about the far future of the universe. According to some models, there will be a Big Crunch in which the whole universe collapses back into a singularity, possibly resulting in a second Big Bang afterward. But current astronomical evidence seems to suggest that our universe will continue to expand indefinitely.",
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"plaintext": "World history studies the world from a historical perspective. Unlike other approaches to history, it employs a global viewpoint. It deals less with individual nations and civilizations, which it usually approaches at a high level of abstraction. Instead, it concentrates on wider regions and zones of interaction, often interested in how people, goods and ideas move from one region to another. It includes comparisons of different societies and civilizations as well as considering wide-ranging developments with a long-term global impact like the process of industrialization. Contemporary world history is dominated by three main research paradigms determining the periodization into different epochs. One is based on productive relations between humans and nature. The two most important changes in history in this respect were the introduction of agriculture and husbandry concerning the production of food, which started around 10,000 to 8,000BCE and is sometimes termed the Neolithic revolution, and the industrial revolution, which started around 1760 CE and involved the transition from manual to industrial manufacturing. Another paradigm, focusing on culture and religion instead, is based on Karl Jaspers' theories about the axial age, a time in which various new forms of religious and philosophical thoughts appeared in several separate parts of the world around the time between 800 and 200BCE. A third periodization is based on the relations between civilizations and societies. According to this paradigm, history can be divided into three periods in relation to the dominant region in the world: Middle Eastern dominance before 500BCE, Eurasian cultural balance until 1500CE and Western dominance since 1500CE. Big history employs an even wider framework than world history by putting human history into the context of the history of the universe as a whole. It starts with the Big Bang and traces the formation of galaxies, the solar system, the earth, its geological eras, the evolution of life and humans until the present day.",
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"plaintext": "World politics, also referred to as global politics or international relations, is the discipline of political science studying issues of interest to the world that transcend nations and continents. It aims to explain complex patterns found in the social world that are often related to the pursuit of power, order and justice, usually in the context of globalization. It focuses not just on the relations between nation-states but also considers other transnational actors, like multinational corporations, terrorist groups, or non-governmental organizations. For example, it tries to explain events like 9/11, the 2003 war in Iraq or the financial crisis of 2007–2008.",
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"plaintext": "Various theories have been proposed in order to deal with the complexity involved in formulating such explanations. These theories are sometimes divided into realism, liberalism and constructivism. Realists see nation-states as the main actors in world politics. They constitute an anarchical international system without any overarching power to control their behavior. They are seen as sovereign agents that, determined by human nature, act according to their national self-interest. Military force may play an important role in the ensuing struggle for power between states, but diplomacy and cooperation are also key mechanisms for nations to achieve their goals. Liberalists acknowledge the importance of states but they also emphasize the role of transnational actors, like the United Nations or the World Trade Organization. They see humans as perfectible and stress the role of democracy in this process. The emergent order in world politics, on this perspective, is more complex than a mere balance of power since more different agents and interests are involved in its production. Constructivism ascribes more importance to the agency of individual humans than realism and liberalism. It understands the social world as a construction of the people living in it. This leads to an emphasis on the possibility of change. If the international system is an anarchy of nation-states, as the realists hold, then this is only so because we made it this way and may well change since this is not prefigured by human nature, according to the constructivists.",
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"plaintext": "Sigismund (26 October 1427 4 March 1496), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1439 (elevated to Archduke in 1477) until his death. As a scion of the Habsburg Leopoldian line, he ruled over Further Austria and the County of Tyrol from 1446 until his resignation in 1490.",
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"plaintext": "Sigismund (or Siegmund, sometimes also spelled Sigmund) was born at the Tyrolean court in Innsbruck; his parents were the Further Austrian duke Frederick IV of Austria and his second wife , a daughter of the Welf duke Frederick I of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A minor upon his father's death in 1439, the Inner Austrian duke Frederick V, Sigismund's first cousin, acted as regent until 1446. Frederick, elected King of the Romans (as Frederick IV) in February 1440, exploited all opportunities to extend his influence over the Further Austrian lands. He also interfered in the Old Zürich War in order to regain the former Habsburg territories lost to the Swiss Confederacy, while the Tyrolean nobles urged him to cede the rule to Sigismund.",
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"plaintext": "The mines of Tyrol remained an important source of revenue for Frederick and not until 1446, upon the end of his regency, Sigismund could accede to rulership over the Further Austrian (Vorderösterreich) possessions, which also included the Swabian territories of the Sundgau in southern Alsace, the Breisgau, and numerous smaller estates. His cousin had planned to marry him off to the French princess Radegonde, a daughter of King Charles VII the Victorious, however, she died in 1444 and Sigismund married Princess Eleanor of Scotland, the daughter of the Stuart king James I, in 1449.",
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"plaintext": "Sigismund was able to acquire large parts of the former County of Bregenz (in present-day Vorarlberg) in 1451 and further estates in the Großwalsertal and Kleinwalsertal. Nevertheless, he had to cope with claims raised by Frederick's brother, Archduke Albert VI of Austria, and temporarily had to cede the rule over several Further Austrian territories to him. For much of his reign, he was engaged in disputes with Nicholas of Cusa, then Prince-bishop of Brixen and raised to Cardinal in 1449, for the control of the Tyrolean Eisack, Puster and Inn valleys. Sigismund sided with Nicholas' opponent Gregory of Heimburg and in 1460, when he marched against the bishop's residence at Bruneck Castle, he was excommunicated by Pope Pius II. Nicholas fled to Todi in the Papal States, but fell ill and died in 1464, before the archduke surrendered in order to receive the papal pardon.",
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"plaintext": "In 1469, Sigismund sold several of his Swabian lands on the Rhine river, including the Alsace landgraviate, the County of Pfirt (Ferrette), the Breisgau and further cities, to the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold. Sources are unclear, whether he sold them due to his debts he had accumulated owing to his luxurious lifestyle, or just \"rented\" them because he wanted to have them protected better against the expansion of the Swiss Confederacy. In turn, he extended his Vorarlberg possessions, purchasing the County of Sonnenberg in 1474 and, together with the Swiss (with whom he had concluded a peace treaty in Konstanz) and the Alsatian cities, he sided against Duke Charles of Burgundy in the Battle of Héricourt.",
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"plaintext": "In 1477, his cousin Frederick, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1452, elevated him to Archduke. Three years later, Princess Eleanor died, and in 1484, Sigismund married the 16-year-old Catherine of Saxony, daughter of the Wettin duke Albert III of Saxony. He had no offspring from either marriage.",
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"plaintext": "In the later years of the 1470s and early 1480s Sigismund issued a decree that instituted a radical coinage reformation that eventually led up to the creation of the world's first really large and heavy silver coin in nearly a millennium, the guldengroschen, which the Habsburgs in Bohemia developed later into the thaler. This coin was the ancestor of many of the major European coin denominations to come later and also of the US dollar. Using new mining methods and technology, the largely quiescent silver mines in Tirol were brought back into production and soon numerous surrounding states were re-opening old mines and minting similar coins. This production of large coinage exploded as silver from Spain's colonies in the Americas flooded the European economy. It is from these reforms in part that Sigismund acquired the nickname of der Münzreiche, or \"rich in coin\".",
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"plaintext": "Sigismund was easily swayed by the bad advice of his council and in March 1487 entered into a pointless war with the Republic of Venice, sometimes called the War of Rovereto. Tyrolean forces quickly seized silver mines in the Valsugana valley owned by Venice, and in April 1487 Sigismund outraged Venice further when he imprisoned 130 Venetian merchants traveling to the fair at Bozen (modern Bolzano) and confiscated their goods. Tyrol stormed the Pass of Calliano and later besieged the castle at Rovereto using a massive bombard, one of the earliest times such a large piece had been used in warfare. The war continued through summer but ended with no decisive victory for either side. One notable casualty of the conflict was the condottiero Roberto Sanseverino d'Aragona.",
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"plaintext": "By 1490 the opposition of Tyrolean nobles compelled Sigismund to hand over the rulership to Frederick's son Archduke Maximilian I, who later succeeded his father as Holy Roman Emperor. Whether Sigismund voluntarily handed over power to Maximilian or was strongly coerced by the latter is not clear. With Sigismund's death in 1496, the Tyrolean branch of the Habsburg Leopoldian line became extinct, leaving Archduke Maximilian as sole heir to all the dynasty's possessions.",
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"plaintext": "Burgundy Wars",
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38,717 | 1,095,506,299 | Sigismund,_Duke_of_Bavaria | [
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"plaintext": "Sigismund of Bavaria (26 July 1439 – 1 February 1501) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty. He ruled as Duke of Bavaria-Munich from 1460 to 1467, and then as Duke of Bavaria-Dachau until his death.",
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"plaintext": "In 1468, the foundation stone of the Frauenkirche in Munich was laid by Sigismund. He also ordered to enlarge Blutenburg Castle, to construct its chapel, and to build the church St. Wolfgang in Pipping nearby in 1488. The redesign of the ducal court Alter Hof was initiated by Sigismund as well who lived there for a time towards the end of the 15th Century and was generally a patron of the revival of Gothic arts in Bavaria. ",
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38,721 | 1,104,452,943 | Bofors | [
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"plaintext": "AB Bofors ( , , ) is a former Swedish arms manufacturer which today is part of the British arms concern BAE Systems. The name has been associated with the iron industry and artillery manufacturing for more than 350 years.",
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"plaintext": "Located in Karlskoga, Sweden, the company originates from the hammer mill \"Boofors\", which was founded as a royal state-owned company in 1646. The modern corporate structure was created in 1873 with the foundation of Aktiebolaget (AB) Bofors-Gullspång.",
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"plaintext": "A leading Swedish steel producer by the early 1870s, when steel began to be used for gun manufacture in Sweden, Bofors initially sold cast and forged steel produced by the Siemens-Martin process to Finspång gun works, but soon started to expand into weapons manufacture. The company's first cannon workshop was opened in 1884. Bofors' most famous owner was Alfred Nobel, who owned the company from 1894 until his death in December 1896. Nobel played a key role in reshaping the former iron and steel producer to a modern cannon manufacturer and chemical industry participant. The powder manufacturer AB Bofors Nobelkrut, later an explosives and general organic-chemical producer, was created in 1898 as a wholly owned subsidiary. By 1911, AB Bofors-Gullspång had outcompeted, bought and closed down its Finspång Swedish competitor in cannon manufacture. The company's name was shortened to AB Bofors in 1919.",
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"plaintext": "In 1999, Saab AB purchased the Celsius Group, then the parent company of Bofors. In September 2000, United Defense Industries (UDI) of the United States acquired Bofors Weapons Systems (the heavy weapons division), while Saab retained the missile interests.",
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"plaintext": " Bofors 375 mm multi-barrel ASW rocket launcher",
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"plaintext": " Bofors HPM Blackout high-powered microwave weapon system",
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"plaintext": "In 1986, the Government of India and Bofors signed a US$285 million contract for the supply of 410 155 mm field howitzers. In 1987, Swedish Radio alleged that Bofors paid illegal commissions of to top Indian politicians, members of senior Congress party and key defence officials to seal the deal. The scandal contributed to the defeat of Rajiv Gandhi's government in the elections three years later.",
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38,722 | 1,101,395,516 | Psychiatric_hospital | [
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"plaintext": "There are a number of different types of modern psychiatric hospitals, but all of them house people with mental illnesses of widely variable severity. In the United Kingdom, both crisis admissions and medium-term care are usually provided on acute admissions wards. Juvenile or youth wards in psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards are set aside for children or youth with mental illness. Long-term care facilities have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation within a short time-frame (two or three years). Another institution for the mentally ill is a community-based halfway house.",
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"plaintext": "Crisis Stabilization Units (CSU) are small facilities with minimal beds used for people in crisis whose needs cannot be met safely in residential service settings.",
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"plaintext": "Open psychiatric units are not as secure as crisis stabilization units. They are not used for acutely suicidal persons; instead, the focus in these units is to make life as normal as possible for patients while continuing treatment to the point where they can be discharged. However, patients are usually still not allowed to hold their own medications in their rooms because of the risk of an impulsive overdose. While some open units are physically unlocked, other open units still use locked entrances and exits, depending on the type of patients admitted.",
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"plaintext": "Another type of psychiatric hospital is medium term, which provides care lasting several weeks. Most drugs used for psychiatric purposes take several weeks to take effect, and the main purpose of these hospitals is to monitor the patient for the first few weeks of therapy to ensure the treatment is effective.",
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"plaintext": "Juvenile wards are sections of psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards set aside for children with mental illness. However, there are a number of institutions specializing only in the treatment of juveniles, particularly when dealing with drug abuse, self-harm, eating disorders, anxiety, depression or other mental illness.",
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"plaintext": "In the UK, long-term care facilities are now being replaced with smaller secure units (some within the hospitals listed above). Modern buildings, modern security, and being locally situated to help with reintegration into society once medication has stabilized the condition are often features of such units. Examples of this include the Three Bridges Unit, in the grounds of St Bernard's Hospital in West London and the John Munroe Hospital in Staffordshire. However, these modern units have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation to allow for transition back into society within a short time-frame (two or three years). However, not all patients' treatment can meet this criterion, so the large hospitals mentioned above often retain this role.",
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"plaintext": "These hospitals provide stabilization and rehabilitation for those who are actively experiencing uncontrolled symptoms of mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and so on.",
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"plaintext": "One type of institution for the mentally ill is a community-based halfway house. These facilities provide assisted living for an extended period of time for patients with mental illnesses, and they often aid in the transition to self-sufficiency. These institutions are considered to be one of the most important parts of a mental health system by many psychiatrists, although some localities lack sufficient funding.",
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"plaintext": "In some countries, the mental institution may be used for the incarceration of political prisoners as a form of punishment. A notable historical example was the use of punitive psychiatry in the Soviet Union and China.",
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"plaintext": "In the UK, criminal courts or the Home Secretary can, under various sections of the Mental Health Act, order the detention of offenders in a psychiatric hospital, but the term \"criminally insane\" is no longer legally or medically recognized. Secure psychiatric units exist in all regions of the UK for this purpose; in addition, there are a few specialist hospitals which offer treatment with high levels of security. These facilities are divided into three main categories: High, Medium and Low Secure. Although the phrase \"Maximum Secure\" is often used in the media, there is no such classification. \"Local Secure\" is a common misnomer for Low Secure units, as patients are often detained there by local criminal courts for psychiatric assessment before sentencing.",
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"plaintext": "Run by the National Health Service, these facilities which provide psychiatric assessments can also provide treatment and accommodation in a safe hospital environment which prevents absconding. Thus there is far less risk of patients harming themselves or others. The Central Mental Hospital in Dublin performs a similar function.",
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"plaintext": "Community hospitals across the United States regularly see mental health discharges. A study of community hospital discharge data from 2003 to 2011 showed that mental health hospitalizations were increasing for both children (patients aged 0–17 years) and adults (patients aged 18–64). Compared to other hospital utilization, mental health discharges for children were the lowest while the most rapidly increasing hospitalizations were for adults under 64. Some units have been opened to provide \"Therapeutically Enhanced Treatment\" and so form a subcategory to the three main unit types.",
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"plaintext": "The general public in the UK are familiar with the names of the High Secure Hospitals due to the frequency that they are mentioned in the news reports about the people who are sent there. Those in the UK include Ashworth Hospital in Merseyside, Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, Rampton Secure Hospital in Retford, Nottinghamshire, and Scotland's The State Hospital in Carstairs. Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man have their own Medium and Low Secure units but use the mainland facilities for High Secure, to which smaller Channel Islands also transfer their patients as Out of Area (Off-Island Placements) Referrals under the Mental Health Act 1983. Of the three unit types, Medium Secure is most prevalent throughout the UK. As of 2009, there were 27 women-only units in England alone. Irish units include those at prisons in Portlaise, Castelrea and Cork.",
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"plaintext": "Hungarian-born psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argued that psychiatric hospitals are like prisons unlike other kinds of hospitals, and that psychiatrists who coerce people (into treatment or involuntary commitment) function as judges and jailers, not physicians. Historian Michel Foucault is widely known for his comprehensive critique of the use and abuse of the mental hospital system in Madness and Civilization. He argued that Tuke and Pinel's asylum was a symbolic recreation of the condition of a child under a bourgeois family. It was a microcosm symbolizing the massive structures of bourgeois society and its values: relations of Family–Children (paternal authority), Fault–Punishment (immediate justice), Madness–Disorder (social and moral order).",
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"plaintext": "Erving Goffman coined the term \"Total Institution\" for mental hospitals and similar places which took over and confined a person's whole life. Goffman placed psychiatric hospitals in the same category as concentration camps, prisons, military organizations, orphanages, and monasteries. In his book Asylums Goffman describes how the institutionalisation process socialises people into the role of a good patient, someone \"dull, harmless and inconspicuous\"; in turn, it reinforces notions of chronicity in severe mental illness. The Rosenhan experiment of 1973 demonstrated the difficulty of distinguishing sane patients from insane patients.",
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"plaintext": "Franco Basaglia, a leading psychiatrist who inspired and planned the psychiatric reform in Italy, also defined the mental hospital as an oppressive, locked and total institution in which prison-like, punitive rules are applied, in order to gradually eliminate its own contents. Patients, doctors and nurses are all subjected (at different levels) to the same process of institutionalism. American psychiatrist Loren Mosher noticed that the psychiatric institution itself gave him master classes in the art of the \"total institution\": labeling, unnecessary dependency, the induction and perpetuation of powerlessness, the degradation ceremony, authoritarianism, and the primacy of institutional needs over the patients, whom it was ostensibly there to serve.",
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"plaintext": "The anti-psychiatry movement coming to the fore in the 1960s has opposed many of the practices, conditions, or existence of mental hospitals; due to the extreme conditions in them. The psychiatric consumer/survivor movement has often objected to or campaigned against conditions in mental hospitals or their use, voluntarily or involuntarily. The mental patient liberation movement emphatically opposes involuntary treatment but it generally does not object to any psychiatric treatments that are consensual, provided that both parties can withdraw consent at any time.",
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"plaintext": "Alongside the 1973 academic investigation by Rosenhan and other similar experiments, several journalists have been willingly admitted to hospitals in order to conduct undercover journalism. These include:",
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"plaintext": " Julius Chambers, who visited Bloomingdale Insane Asylum in 1872, leading to the 1876 book A Mad World and Its People.",
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"plaintext": " Nelly Bly, who admitted herself to a mental institution in 1887, leading to the work Ten Days in a Mad-House",
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"plaintext": " Frank Smith in 1935 admitted himself into a Kankakee hospital, leading to the articles Seven days in the Madhouse in the Chicago Daily Times.",
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"plaintext": " Michael Mok who investigated similarly in New York 1961, winning the Lasker prize.",
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"plaintext": " Frank Sutherland who received coaching from a psychiatrist in order to accurately feign symptoms, and spent 31 days in late 1973 to early 1974, leading to a series of articles in the Nashville Tennessean.",
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"plaintext": " Betty Wells who investigated in 1974, with the articles titled A Trip Into Darkness for the Wichita Eagle.",
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"plaintext": " Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union",
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"plaintext": " Salutogenesis, a best-practice methodology for the design of psychiatric facilities",
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"plaintext": " Treatment Advocacy Center, involuntary treatment proponent group",
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"plaintext": "For lists of establishments, see the categorical index \"Psychiatric hospitals\" at the bottom of the page.",
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"plaintext": " Camarillo State Mental Hospital History",
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"plaintext": " Kirkbride Buildings History and photographs of early psychiatric hospitals",
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"plaintext": "The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. In the address, Bryan supported bimetallism or \"free silver\", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity. He decried the gold standard, concluding the speech, \"you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold\". Bryan's address helped catapult him to the Democratic Party's presidential nomination and is considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history.",
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"plaintext": "For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. The gold standard, which the United States had effectively been on since 1873, limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations, such as the United Kingdom, whose currency was also based on gold. Many Americans, however, believed that bimetallism (making both gold and silver legal tender) was necessary for the nation's economic health. The financial Panic of 1893 intensified the debates, and when Democratic President Grover Cleveland continued to support the gold standard against the will of much of his party, activists became determined to take over the Democratic Party organization and nominate a silver-supporting candidate in 1896. ",
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"plaintext": "Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. His speech, delivered at the close of the debate on the party platform, electrified the convention and is generally credited with earning him the nomination for president. However, he lost the general election to William McKinley, and the United States formally adopted the gold standard in 1900.",
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"plaintext": "In January 1791, at the request of Congress, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the currency. At the time, there was no mint in the United States; foreign coins were used. Hamilton proposed a monetary system based on bimetallism, in which the new currency would be equal to a given amount of gold, or a larger amount of silver; at the time a given weight of gold was worth about 15 times as much as the same amount of silver. Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value were defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise, unusable as a store of value. He also proposed the establishment of a mint, at which citizens could present gold or silver, and receive it back, struck into money. On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. This legislation defined a unit of value for the new nation, to be known as a dollar. The new unit of currency was defined to be equal to of gold, or alternatively, of silver, establishing a ratio of value between gold and silver of 15:1. The legislation also established the Mint of the United States.",
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"plaintext": "In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. Governmental response to this shortage was hampered by the fact that officials did not clearly understand what had happened. In 1830, Treasury Secretary Samuel D. Ingham proposed adjusting the ratio between gold and silver in US currency to 15.8:1, which had for some time been the ratio in Europe. It was not until 1834 that Congress acted, changing the gold/silver ratio to 16.002:1. This was close enough to the market value to make it uneconomic to export either US gold or silver coins. When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. Despite vocal opposition led by Tennessee Representative (and future president) Andrew Johnson, the precious metal content of smaller silver coins was reduced in 1853. Silver was now undervalued at the Mint; accordingly little was presented for striking into money.",
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"plaintext": "The Coinage Act of 1873 eliminated the standard silver dollar. It also repealed the statutory provisions allowing silver bullion to be presented to the Mint and returned in the form of circulating money. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. During the economic chaos of the Panic of 1873, the price of silver dropped significantly, but the Mint would accept none for striking into legal tender. Silver producers complained, and many Americans came to believe that only through bimetallism could the nation achieve and maintain prosperity. They called for the return to pre-1873 laws, which would require the Mint to take all the silver offered it and return it, struck into silver dollars. This would inflate the money supply, and, adherents argued, increase the nation's prosperity. Critics contended that the inflation which would follow the introduction of such a policy would harm workers, whose wages would not rise as fast as prices would, and the operation of Gresham's law would drive gold from circulation, effectively placing the United States on a silver standard.",
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"plaintext": "To advocates of what became known as free silver, the 1873 act became known as the \"Crime of '73\". Pro-silver forces, with congressional leaders such as Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland, sought the passage of bills to allow depositors of silver bullion to receive it back in the form of coin. Such bills, sponsored by Bland, passed the House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877, but both times failed in the Senate. A third attempt in early 1878 again passed the House, and eventually both houses after being amended in the Senate. The bill, as modified by amendments sponsored by Iowa Senator William B. Allison, did not reverse the 1873 provisions, but required the Treasury to purchase a minimum of $2 million of silver bullion per month; the profit, or seignorage from monetizing the silver was to be used to purchase more silver bullion. The silver would be struck into dollar coins to be circulated, or else stored and used as backing for silver certificates. The Bland–Allison Act was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28, 1878.",
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"plaintext": "Implementation of the Bland–Allison Act did not end calls for free silver. The 1880s saw a steep decline in the prices of grain and other agricultural commodities. Silver advocates argued that this dropoff, which caused the price of grain to fall below its cost of production, was caused by the failure of the government to adequately increase the money supply, which had remained steady on a per capita basis. Advocates of the gold standard attributed the decline to advances in production and transportation. The late 19th century saw divergent views in economics as the laissez-faire orthodoxy was questioned by younger economists, and both sides found ample support for their views from theorists.",
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"plaintext": "In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act greatly increased government purchases of silver. The government pledged to stand behind the silver dollars and treasury notes issued under the act by redeeming them in gold. Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. Although the economic Panic of 1893 had a number of causes, President Grover Cleveland believed the inflation caused by Sherman's act to be a major factor, and called a special session of Congress to repeal it. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. Cleveland tried to replenish the Treasury through issuance of bonds which could only be purchased with gold, with little effect but to increase the public debt, as the gold continued to be withdrawn in redemption for paper and silver currency. Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currency—the gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency.",
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"plaintext": "The effects of the depression which began in 1893, and which continued through 1896, ruined many Americans. Contemporary estimates were an unemployment rate as high as 25%. The task of relieving the jobless fell to churches and other charities, as well as to labor unions. Farmers went bankrupt; their farms were sold to pay their debts. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.",
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"plaintext": "Among those who spoke against the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act was Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan. Known as an orator even then, Bryan had not always favored free silver out of conviction, stating in 1892 that he was for it because the people of Nebraska were for it. By 1893, his views on silver had evolved, and on the floor of the House of Representatives, he delivered a riveting three-hour address against repeal of the Silver Purchase Act. In his conclusion, Bryan reached back in history:",
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"plaintext": "Despite the repeal of the act, economic conditions failed to improve. The year 1894 saw considerable labor unrest. President Cleveland sent federal troops to Illinois to end the Pullman strike—workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company, which made railroad cars, had struck after wages were cut. Railway employees had refused to handle Pullman cars in sympathy with the strikers; this action threatened to paralyze the nation's rail lines. The President's move was opposed by the Democratic Governor of Illinois, John Altgeld. Angered by Cleveland's actions in the labor dispute, and by his uncompromising stand against silver, Altgeld began to organize Democrats against Cleveland's renomination in 1896. Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. Among those defeated for Senate was Bryan in Nebraska.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan had long planned to run for president. Although he would only be 36 years old in 1896—one year above the constitutional minimum—he believed the silver question could carry him not only to the nomination, but to the presidency. He traveled widely, speaking to audiences across the nation. His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. Bryan's speeches evolved over time; in December 1894, in a speech in Congress, he first used a phrase from which would come the conclusion to his most famous address: as originally stated, it was \"I will not help to crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.\"",
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"plaintext": "A myth has arisen that Bryan was an unknown prior to 1896. This was not the case; Bryan was well known as an orator on the tariff and silver questions. Albert Shaw, editor of The Review of Reviews, stated that after Bryan's nomination, many easterners professed not to have heard of him but: \"If, indeed, they had not heard of Mr. Bryan before, they had failed to follow closely the course of American politics in the past eight years. As a Democratic member of the Ways and Means Committee through two Congresses, Mr. Bryan was by all odds the ablest and strongest orator on the Democratic side of the House. His subsequent canvass [campaign] for the United States senatorship in Nebraska was noteworthy and conspicuous on many accounts.\"",
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"plaintext": "In the aftermath of the 1894 election, the silver forces, led by Altgeld and others, began an attempt to take over the machinery of the Democratic Party. Historian Stanley Jones, in his study of the 1896 election, suggests that western Democrats would have opposed Cleveland even if the party had held its congressional majority in 1894; with the disastrous defeat, they believed the party would be wiped out in the West if it did not support silver. Bryan biographer Paulo E. Coletta wrote, \"during this year [July 1894 – June 1895] of calamities, disintegration and revolution, each crisis aided Bryan because it caused division within his party and permitted him to contest for its mastery as it slipped from Cleveland's fingers.\"",
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"plaintext": "In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. Some people, for the most part Democrats, joined the far-left Populist Party. Many Republicans in the western states, dismayed by the strong allegiance of eastern Republicans to the gold standard, considered forming their own party. When the Republicans in June 1896 nominated former Ohio Governor William McKinley for president and passed at his request a platform strongly supporting \"sound money\" (the gold standard unless modified by international agreement), a number of \"Silver Republicans\" walked out of the convention. The leader of those who left was Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller; he was immediately spoken of as a possible candidate for the Democratic nomination.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan believed that he could, if nominated, unite the disaffected behind a strong silver campaign. However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. He sent letters to national convention delegates, urging them to support silver, and enclosing copies of his photograph, writings, and speeches. Jones points out that though Bryan's speaking engagements were not deemed political by the standards of 1896, by modern measurements he was far more active in campaigning for the nomination than most of the better-known candidates.",
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"plaintext": "Historian James A. Barnes, in his historical journal article pointing out myths that have arisen about Bryan's candidacy and campaign, stated that Bryan's efforts bore fruit even before the convention:",
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"plaintext": "The 1896 Democratic National Convention followed events unique in post-Civil War American history. One after another, state conventions to elect delegates to the national convention in Chicago repudiated an incumbent elected president of their party, who had not declared whether he would be a candidate for renomination. According to Barnes:",
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"plaintext": "Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. Gold Democrats were successful in a few states in the Northeast, but had little luck elsewhere. Speakers in some states cursed Cleveland; the South Carolina convention denounced him. Cleveland issued a statement urging Democratic voters to support gold—the next convention to be held, in Illinois, unanimously supported silver; the keynote speaker prayed for divine forgiveness for Cleveland's 1892 nomination. Gold and silver factions in some states, such as Bryan's Nebraska, sent rival delegations to the convention.",
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"plaintext": "The 1896 Democratic convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896. Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. Silver forces were supported by the Democratic National Bimetallic Committee, the umbrella group formed in 1895 to support silver Democrats in their insurgency against Cleveland. Gold Democrats looked to the President for leadership, but Cleveland, trusting few in his party, did not involve himself further in the gold efforts, but spent the week of the convention fishing off the New Jersey coast.",
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"plaintext": "The Bimetallic Committee carefully planned to take control of every aspect of the convention, eliminating any threat that the minority gold faction could take power. It made no secret of these preparations. This takeover was considered far more important than was the choice of presidential candidate, and the committee decided to take no position on who should win the race for the nomination, reasoning that the victor, no matter who he was, would be a silver man. Well aware of the overwhelming forces against them, many gold delegates were inclined to concede the platform battle.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan arrived quietly and took rooms at a modest hotel; the Nebraskan later calculated that he spent less than $100 while in Chicago. He arrived convinced that he would win the nomination. He had already begun work on a speech. On the evening of July 5, Bryan was visited by a delegation of Coloradans, seeking his support for Senator Teller. They went away apologetically, not having known Bryan sought the nomination.",
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"plaintext": "Despite the desire of silver delegates to nominate a candidate who shared their beliefs, and although several states instructed their delegates to vote for a specific candidate, there was no overwhelming favorite for the nomination going into the convention. With a two-thirds vote of the delegates needed to nominate, almost every silver delegate would have to vote for the same candidate to assure success, though any organized support from gold delegates would greatly damage a silver candidate's chances.",
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"plaintext": "The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary John G. Carlisle, but he withdrew in April, stating that he was more concerned about the platform of the party than who would lead it. However, as late as June, the gold forces, which still controlled the Democratic National Committee (DNC), continued to believe that the nominee could be pro-gold. Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize \"common sense\" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical.",
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"plaintext": "One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. Going into the convention, the two leading candidates for the nomination were former Congressman Bland, who had originated the Bland-Allison Act, and former Iowa Governor Horace Boies, with Bland considered the frontrunner. These were the only two candidates to put together organizations to try to secure delegate votes, though both efforts were cash-starved. Both men had electoral problems: Bland at age 61 was seen by some as a man whose time had passed; Boies was a former Republican who had once decried bimetallism. There were a large number of potential candidates seen as having less support; these included Vice President Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Senator Joseph C. Blackburn of Kentucky, Senator Teller, and Bryan.",
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"plaintext": "Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nomination—to give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegates—he faced obstacles along the way. For one thing, he began the 1896 convention without any official status—the Democratic National Committee, which made the initial determination of which delegations would be seated, had chosen the pro-gold Nebraskans to represent their state. Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 27–23 vote; contemporary accounts state he was \"somewhat surprised\" at the result. The DNC's action could be reversed, but not until the convention's credentials committee reported. However, Barnes deemed the actions by the committee immaterial to the outcome due to the silver strength in the convention:",
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"plaintext": "Good luck favored Bryan—he was considered for various convention roles by the silverites, but each time was not selected. The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. However, Bryan, lacking a seat at the start of the convention, could not be elected temporary chairman. Bryan considered this no loss at all; the focus of the convention was on the party platform and the debate which would precede its adoption. The platform would symbolize the repudiation of Cleveland and his policies after the insurgents' long struggle, and Bryan was determined to close the debate on the platform. Bryan, once seated, was Nebraska's representative to the Committee on Resolutions (generally called the \"platform committee\"), which allocated 80minutes to each side in the debate and selected Bryan as one of the speakers. South Carolina Senator Benjamin Tillman was to be the other pro-silver speaker, and originally wished to close the debate. However, the senator wanted 50 minutes to speak, too long for a closing address, and at Bryan's request agreed to open the debate instead. Accordingly, Bryan became the final speaker on the platform.",
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"plaintext": "Delegates, as they waited for the committees to complete their work, spent much of the first two days listening to various orators. Of these, only Senator Blackburn, a silver supporter, sparked much reaction, and that only momentary. Delegates called for better-known speakers, such as Altgeld or Bryan, but were granted neither then; the Illinois governor declined, and the Nebraskan, once seated, spent much of his time away from the convention floor at the platform committee meeting at the Palmer House.",
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"plaintext": "The debate on the platform opened at the start of the third day of the convention, July 9, 1896. The session was supposed to begin at 10:00a.m., but as delegates, slowed by the long commute from the hotels to the Coliseum and fatigue from the first two days, did not arrive on time, proceedings did not begin until 10:45. Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. Once the convention came to order, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones, chair of the Committee on Resolutions, read the proposed platform to cheers by many delegates; the reading of the pro-gold minority report attracted less applause.",
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"plaintext": "\"Pitchfork Ben\" Tillman lived up to his nickname with an incendiary address which began with a reference to his home state's role in beginning the Civil War. Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. Tillman's speech, scheduled to be the only one in support of silver except Bryan's, was so badly received that Senator Jones, who had not planned to speak, gave a brief address asserting that silver was a national issue.",
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"plaintext": "Senator David B. Hill of New York, a gold supporter, was next. As Hill moved to the podium, a reporter friend passed Bryan a note urging him to make a patriotic speech without hint of sectionalism; Bryan responded, \"You will not be disappointed.\" Hill gave a calm speech defending the gold position, and swayed few delegates. He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. Bryan consented, on condition that his own time was extended by the same amount; this was agreed to. \"And I needed it for the speech I was to make.\" Bryan later wrote, \"This was another unexpected bit of good fortune. I had never had such an opportunity before in my life and never expect to have again.\"",
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"plaintext": "Vilas quickly lost his audience, which did not want to hear Cleveland defended. Russell's address was inaudible to most of the Coliseum; he was ill and died just over a week later. As the gold men spoke, Bryan ate a sandwich to settle his stomach; he was often nervous before major speeches. Another reporter approached him and asked him who he thought would win the nomination. \"Strictly confidential, not to be quoted for publication: I will be.\"",
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"plaintext": "As Russell concluded, to strong applause from gold delegates, there was a buzz of anticipation as Bryan ascended to the podium. There was loud cheering as Bryan stood there, waiting for his audience to calm. Bryan's lecture tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver. As yet, no one at the convention had effectively spoken for that cause, which was paramount to the delegates. According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, \"Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell them—and the gold men—why they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform.\" Bensel noted, \"The pump was more than primed, it was ready to explode.\" Bryan would say little that he had not said before—the text is similar to that of a speech he had given the previous week at Crete, Nebraska—but he would give the convention its voice.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan began softly,",
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"plaintext": "Bryan's opening claimed no personal prestige for himself—but nevertheless placed him as the spokesman for silver. According to Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates. As Bryan was not deemed a major contender for the nomination, even delegates committed to a candidate could cheer him without seeming to betray their allegiance. Bryan then recounted the history of the silver movement; the audience, which had loudly demonstrated its approval of his opening statements, quieted. Throughout the speech, Bryan had the delegates in the palm of his hand; they cheered on cue. The Nebraskan later described the audience as like a trained choir. As he concluded his historical recitation, he reminded the silver delegates that they had come to crown their victory, \"not to discuss, not to debate, but to enter up the judgment already rendered by the plain people of this country\".",
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"plaintext": "Bryan continued with language evoking the Civil War, telling his audience that \"in this contest brother has been arrayed against brother, father against son.\" By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the hall. He denied, however that the contest was personal; he bore no ill-will towards those who supported the gold standard. However, he stated, facing towards the gold delegates, \"when you come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your course.\" The gold men, during the address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for Bryan's oratory. Bryan then defended the right of silver supporters to make their argument against opposition from gold men, who were associated with financial interests, especially in the East. Although his statements nominally responded to a point made by Russell, Bryan had thought of the argument the previous evening, and had not used it in earlier speeches. He always regarded it as the best point he made during the speech, and only the ending caused more reaction from his listeners:",
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"plaintext": "Through this passage, Bryan maintained the contrast between the common man and the city-dwelling elite. It was clear to listeners as he worked his way through the comparisons that he would refer to the farmer, and when he did, the hall exploded with sound. His sympathetic comparison contrasted the hardworking farmer with the city businessman, whom Bryan cast as a gambler. The galleries were filled with white as spectators waved handkerchiefs, and it was several minutes before he could continue. The police in the convention hall, not sharing the enthusiasm for silver, were described by the press (some of whose members were caught up in the frenzy) as standing as if they thought the audience was about to turn on them. When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. One farmer in the gallery had been about to leave rather than listen to Bryan, whom he deemed a Populist; he had been persuaded to stay. At Bryan's words, he threw his hat into the air, slapped the empty seat in front of him with his coat, and shouted, \"My God! My God! My God!\"",
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"plaintext": "Bryan, having established the right of silver supporters to petition, explained why that petition was not to be denied:",
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"plaintext": "With this call to action, Bryan abandoned any hint at compromise, and adopted the techniques of the radical, polarizing orator, finding no common ground between silver and gold forces. He then defended the remainder of the platform, though only speaking in general terms. He mocked McKinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. But Bryan first wished to tie the silver question to a greater cause:",
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"plaintext": "He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations:",
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"plaintext": "This statement attracted great cheering, and Bryan turned to rhetorically demolish the compromise position on bimetallism—that it should only be accomplished through international agreement:",
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"plaintext": "Now, Bryan was ready to conclude the speech, and according to his biographer, Michael Kazin, step \"into the headlines of American history\".",
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"plaintext": "As Bryan spoke his final sentence, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus, he placed his hands to his temples, fingers extended; with the final words, he extended his arms to his sides straight out to his body and held that pose for about five seconds as if offering himself as sacrifice for the cause, as the audience watched in dead silence. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan later described the silence as \"really painful\" and momentarily thought he had failed. As he moved towards his seat, the Coliseum burst into pandemonium. Delegates threw hats, coats, and handkerchiefs into the air. Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. Two alert police officers had joined Bryan as he left the podium, anticipating the crush. The policemen were swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to their shoulders and carried him around the floor. The Washington Post newspaper recorded, \"bedlam broke loose, delirium reigned supreme.\"",
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"plaintext": "The balloting began the following morning, July 10, with a two-thirds vote necessary to nominate. Bryan, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to make no deals on his behalf. He stood second out of fourteen candidates in the first ballot, behind Bland. On the second ballot, Bryan still stood second, but had gained as other candidates had fallen away. The third ballot saw Bland still in the lead, but Bryan took the lead on the fourth ballot. According to Jones, it was clear that Bland could not win, and that Bryan could not be stopped. On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. Other delegations, seeing that Bryan would be nominated, also switched, securing the victory. Nevertheless, he won the nomination without the votes of the gold delegates, most of whom either left the convention or refused to vote.",
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"plaintext": "Most contemporary press accounts attributed Bryan's nomination to his eloquence, though in the case of Republican and other gold-favoring newspapers, they considered it his demagoguery. The pro-silver Cleveland Plain Dealer called Bryan's speech \"an eloquent, stirring, and manly appeal\". The Chicago Tribune reported that Bryan had lit the spark \"which touched off the trail of gun-powder\". The St. Louis Post-Dispatch opined that with the speech, Bryan \"just about immortalized himself\".",
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"plaintext": "According to the New York World, \"Lunacy having dictated the platform, it was perhaps natural that hysteria should evolve the candidate.\" The New York Times disparaged Bryan as \"the gifted blatherskite from Nebraska\". The only paper to predict, after Bryan gave his speech, that he would not be nominated was The Wall Street Journal, which stated, \"Bryan has had his day\". The Akron Journal and Republican, no friend to Bryan, opined that \"never probably has a national convention been swayed or influenced by a single speech as was the national Democratic convention\".",
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"plaintext": "The Pullman Company offered Bryan a private car for his trip home; he declined, not wishing to accept corporate favors. As he traveled by rail to Lincoln, he saw farmers and others standing by the tracks, hoping for a glimpse of the new Democratic nominee. He received many letters from supporters, expressing their faith in him in stark terms. One Indiana voter wrote, \"God has sent you amongst our people to save the poor from starvation, and we no you will save us.\" A farmer in Iowa, in a letter to Bryan, stated, \"You are the first big man that i ever wrote to.\"",
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"plaintext": "When McKinley heard that Bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report \"rot\" and hung up the phone. The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. When McKinley and his advisers, such as industrialist and future senator Mark Hanna, realized that the views were more than transitory, they began intensive fundraising from corporations and the wealthy. The money went for speakers, pamphlets, and other means of conveying their \"sound money\" campaign to the voter. With far less money than McKinley, Bryan embarked on a nationwide campaign tour by train on a then-unprecedented scale. McKinley on the other hand, opted for a front porch campaign. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan's nomination divided the party. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. However, Bryan did gain the support of the Populists, as well as a convention of Silver Republicans. Bryan spoke on silver throughout the campaign; he rarely addressed other issues. Bryan won the South and most of the West, but McKinley's victories in the more populous Northeast and Midwest carried him to the presidency. The Democratic candidate failed to gain a majority of the labor vote; McKinley won in working-class areas as well as wealthy precincts. Although McKinley outpolled him by 600,000votes, Bryan received more votes than any previous presidential candidate.",
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"plaintext": "After McKinley's inauguration, increases in gold availability from new discoveries and improved refining methods led to a considerable increase in the money supply. Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard. Although Bryan ran again on a silver platform in the 1900 presidential election, the issue failed to produce the same resonance with the voters. McKinley won more easily than in 1896, making inroads in the silver West.",
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"plaintext": "Bryan's speech is considered one of the most powerful political addresses in American history. Stanley Jones, however, suggested that even if Bryan had never delivered it, he would still have been nominated. Jones deemed the Democrats likely to nominate a candidate who would appeal to the Populist Party, and Bryan had been elected to Congress with Populist support. According to rhetorical historian William Harpine in his study of the rhetoric of the 1896 campaign, \"Bryan's speech cast a net for the true believers, but only for the true believers.\" Harpine suggested that, \"by appealing in such an uncompromising way to the agrarian elements and to the West, Bryan neglected the national audience who would vote in the November election\". Bryan's emphasis on agrarian issues, both in his speech and in his candidacy, may have helped cement voting patterns which kept the Democrats largely out of power until the 1930s.",
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"plaintext": "Writer Edgar Lee Masters called the speech, \"the beginning of a changed America.\" Bryan's words gave rise to later economic and political philosophies, including Huey Long's 1930s Share Our Wealth program, with its trigger phrase, \"Every Man a King\" inspired by Bryan's speech. Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term \"trickle-down economics\" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to \"leak through\" on those below. Historian R. Hal Williams suggested that the opposite philosophy, of legislation for the masses leading to prosperity for all, advocated by Bryan in his speech, informed the domestic policies of later Democratic presidents, including Franklin Roosevelt with his New Deal.",
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38,728 | 1,100,083,537 | 1029 | [
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38,729 | 1,100,083,601 | 1024 | [
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