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gabrielaltay

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[ { "plaintext": "Malta has a long history and was first inhabited in around 5900BC. The first inhabitants were farmers, and their agricultural methods degraded the soil until the islands became uninhabitable. The islands were repopulated around 3850BC by a civilization which at its peak built the Megalithic Temples, which today are among the oldest surviving buildings in the world. Their civilization collapsed in around 2350BC, but the islands were repopulated by Bronze Age warriors soon afterwards.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 19137, 10772350, 5959512, 4620 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 5 ], [ 17, 24 ], [ 281, 299 ], [ 451, 461 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta's prehistory ends in around 700BC, when the islands were colonized by the Phoenicians. They ruled the islands until they fell in 218 BC to the Roman Republic. The island was acquired by the Eastern Romans or Byzantines in the 6thcenturyAD, who were expelled by Aghlabids following a siege in 870 AD. Malta may have been sparsely populated for a few centuries until being repopulated by Arabs in the 11th century. The islands were invaded by the Norman County of Sicily in 1091, and a gradual Christianization of the islands followed. At this point, the islands became part of the Kingdom of Sicily and were dominated by successive feudal rulers, including the Swabians, the Aragonese, and eventually the Spanish.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 34076091, 61649209, 25816, 16972981, 643691, 51327857, 2185, 58087847, 16654624, 641373, 3685763, 824490, 303062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 80, 89 ], [ 127, 141 ], [ 149, 163 ], [ 214, 224 ], [ 267, 276 ], [ 289, 304 ], [ 392, 397 ], [ 436, 443 ], [ 458, 474 ], [ 586, 603 ], [ 666, 674 ], [ 680, 689 ], [ 710, 717 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The islands were given to the Order of St. John in 1530, who ruled them as a vassal state of Sicily. In 1565, the Ottoman Empire attempted to take the islands in the Great Siege of Malta, but the invasion was repelled. The Order continued to rule Malta for over two centuries, and this period was characterized by a flourishing of the arts and architecture and an overall improvement in society. The Order was expelled after the French First Republic invaded the islands in 1798, marking the beginning of the French occupation of Malta.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 8055956, 39236678, 22278, 1636416, 62243, 49182289, 39094590 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 47 ], [ 61, 71 ], [ 114, 128 ], [ 166, 186 ], [ 429, 450 ], [ 451, 470 ], [ 509, 535 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After a few months of French rule, the Maltese rebelled and the French were expelled in 1800 with British, Neapolitan and Portuguese assistance. Malta subsequently became a British protectorate, becoming a de facto colony in 1813. This was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris a year later. The islands became an important naval base for the British, serving as the headquarters of the Mediterranean Fleet. Due to this, Malta was attacked by the Axis powers during World War II, and in 1942 the island was awarded the George Cross, which today appears on Malta's flag and coat of arms. The Crown Colony of Malta was self-governing from 1921–1933, 1947–1958 and 1962–1964.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25161934, 38762592, 38761976, 191927, 1071155, 776074, 32927, 11356474, 242918 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 55 ], [ 173, 193 ], [ 215, 221 ], [ 257, 272 ], [ 382, 401 ], [ 426, 453 ], [ 461, 473 ], [ 487, 509 ], [ 514, 526 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta became an independent Commonwealth realm known as the State of Malta in 1964, and it became a republic in 1974. Since 2004, the country has been a member state of the European Union.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 15997531, 9317 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 74 ], [ 173, 187 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta stands on an underwater ridge that extends from North Africa to Sicily. At some time in the distant past, Malta was submerged, as shown by marine fossils embedded in rock in the highest points of Malta. As the ridge was pushed up and the Strait of Gibraltar closed through tectonic activity, the sea level was lower, and Malta was on a bridge of dry land that extended between the two continents, surrounded by large lakes. Some caverns in Malta have revealed bones of elephants, hippopotamuses, and other large animals now found in Africa, while others have revealed animals native to Europe.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Geology", "target_page_ids": [ 19137, 27619, 10958, 28181, 1870896, 19630739, 9279, 37764, 5334607, 9239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 5 ], [ 70, 76 ], [ 152, 159 ], [ 244, 263 ], [ 264, 296 ], [ 391, 401 ], [ 475, 484 ], [ 486, 500 ], [ 539, 545 ], [ 592, 598 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While until recently, it was believed that Malta's first inhabitants arrived in the islands in 5700BC, it has now been established that this occurred around 5900BC, as is evidenced by studies of ancient soils. These first Neolithic people have generally been assumed to have arrived from Sicily (about north), but DNA analysis shows that they originated from different parts of the Mediterranean, including both Europe and Africa. ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Neolithic (5900 BC - 3850 BC)", "target_page_ids": [ 21189 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 222, 231 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "They were mainly farming and fishing communities, with some evidence of hunting activities. They apparently lived in caves and open dwellings. During the centuries that followed there is evidence of further contacts with other cultures, which left their influence on the local communities, evidenced by their pottery designs and colours. The farming methods degraded the soil; at the same time prolonged drought set in, and the islands became too dry to sustain agricultural practices. This occurred partly due to climate change and drought, and the islands were uninhabited for about a millennium.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Neolithic (5900 BC - 3850 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Research carried out as part of the FRAGSUS project, comprising analysis of soil cores from valleys, which contained ancient pollen and animal evidence from past environments, revealed that “climate change fluctuations made Malta uninhabitable in some periods of prehistory. There was a substantial break of around 1,000years between the first settlers and the next group who settled permanently on the Maltese islands and eventually built the megalithic temples.”", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Neolithic (5900 BC - 3850 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A second wave of colonization arrived from Sicily in around 3850BC. Prof.Caroline Malone has said: “Given the restricted land space of Malta, it is remarkable that the second colonisation survived for 1,500years. This sort of settlement stability is unheard of in Europe and is impressive in terms of how they were able to live on an ever-degrading land for such a period of time.”", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Temple period (3850 BC - 2350 BC)", "target_page_ids": [ 2341763 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "One of the most notable periods of Malta's history is the temple period, starting around 3600BC. The Ġgantija Temple in Gozo is one of the oldest free-standing buildings in the world. The name of the complex stems from the Maltese word ġgant, which reflects the magnitude of the temple's size. Many of the temples are in the form of five semicircular rooms connected at the centre. It has been suggested that these might have represented the head, arms, and legs of a deity, since one of the commonest kinds of statue found in these temples comprises obese human figures, popularly termed \"fat ladies\" despite their ambiguity of gender, and often considered to represent fertility. ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Temple period (3850 BC - 2350 BC)", "target_page_ids": [ 867448, 617831 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 109 ], [ 338, 350 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The civilization which built the temples lasted for about 1,500years until about 2350BC, at which point the culture seems to have disappeared. There is speculation about what might have happened and whether they were completely wiped out or assimilated, but it is thought that the collapse occurred due to climate conditions and drought.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Temple period (3850 BC - 2350 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Prof. Malone has stated: \"We can learn a lot from the mistakes made by the first Maltese. The lack of water, coupled with the destruction of soil that takes centuries to form, can cause the failure of a civilisation. The second group of inhabitants to Malta in 3850–2350BC managed their resources adequately and harnessed soil and food for over 1,500years. It was only when climate conditions and drought became so extreme that they failed.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Temple period (3850 BC - 2350 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Between 2600 and 2400 BC. e. on the island of Malta there was a huge infant mortality - about 50%.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Temple period (3850 BC - 2350 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "After the Temple period came the Bronze Age. From this period there are remains of a number of settlements and villages, as well as dolmens — altar-like structures made out of very large slabs of stone. They are claimed to belong to a population certainly different from that which built the previous megalithic temples. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Bronze Age (2350 BC - 700 BC)", "target_page_ids": [ 4620, 8608 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 43 ], [ 132, 138 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "It is presumed the population arrived from Sicily because of the similarity to the constructions found in the largest island of the Mediterranean sea.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Bronze Age (2350 BC - 700 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "One surviving menhir, which was used to build temples, still stands at Kirkop; it is one of the few still in good condition.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Bronze Age (2350 BC - 700 BC)", "target_page_ids": [ 276909, 1857854 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 20 ], [ 71, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Among the most interesting and mysterious remnants of this era are the so-called cart ruts as they can be seen at a place on Malta called Misraħ Għar il-Kbir (informally known as 'Clapham Junction'). These are pairs of parallel channels cut into the surface of the rock, and extending for considerable distances, often in an exactly straight line. Their exact use is unknown. One suggestion is that beasts of burden used to pull carts along, and these channels would guide the carts and prevent the animals from straying. The society that built these structures eventually died out or at any rate disappeared.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Bronze Age (2350 BC - 700 BC)", "target_page_ids": [ 4331170, 4409609 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 138, 157 ], [ 180, 196 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Between 1400 BC and 1200 BC there was a Mycaenaean influence on the Malta, which is evidenced by presence of Mycaenaean artefacts.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Bronze Age (2350 BC - 700 BC)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Phoenicians possibly from Tyre began to colonize the islands in approximately the early 8th century BC as an outpost from which they expanded sea explorations and trade in the Mediterranean. Phoenician tombs have been found in Rabat, Malta and the town of the same name on Gozo, which suggest that the main urban centres at the time were present-day Mdina on Malta and the Cittadella on Gozo. The former settlement was known as Maleth meaning safe haven, and the whole island began to be referred to by that name.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 34076091, 30796, 978829, 892970, 1630504, 9795234, 50155754 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 26, 30 ], [ 227, 239 ], [ 244, 269 ], [ 350, 355 ], [ 373, 383 ], [ 428, 434 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Maltese Islands fell under the hegemony of Carthage around the middle of 6th century BC, along with most other Phoenician colonies in the western Mediterranean. By the late 4th century BC, Malta had become a trading post linking southern Italy and Sicily to Tripolitania. This resulted in the introduction of Hellenistic features in architecture and pottery, discerning Malta was Hellenized; it is not known if Malta was settled like a traditional Greek \"apoikia\", so, some support that Malta was never a Greek colony. Hellenistic architectural features can be seen in the Punic temple at Tas-Silġ and a tower in Żurrieq. The Greek language also began to be used in Malta, as evidenced by the bilingual Phoenician and Greek inscriptions found on the Cippi of Melqart. In the 18th century, French scholar Jean-Jacques Barthélemy deciphered the extinct Phoenician alphabet using the inscriptions on these cippi.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 20663625, 27619, 664792, 6382400, 668147, 26575474, 67222398, 1329145, 30898834, 2400782, 69874 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 47, 55 ], [ 252, 258 ], [ 262, 274 ], [ 313, 324 ], [ 384, 394 ], [ 593, 601 ], [ 606, 613 ], [ 617, 624 ], [ 754, 770 ], [ 808, 831 ], [ 855, 874 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 255 BC, the Romans raided Malta during the First Punic War, devastating much of the island.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 25816, 11427 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 21 ], [ 46, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "According to Latin historian Livy, the Maltese Islands passed into the hands of the Romans at the start of the Second Punic War in the year 218 BC. As written by Livy, the commander of the Punic garrison on the Island surrendered without resistance to Tiberius Sempronius Longus, one of the two consuls for that year who was on his way to North Africa. The archipelago became part of the province of Sicily, but by the 1st century AD it had its own senate and people's assembly. By this time, both Malta and Gozo minted distinctive coins based on Roman weight measurements.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 18049, 28563, 61649209, 4101218, 3204031, 1400, 2347026 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 33 ], [ 111, 127 ], [ 218, 248 ], [ 252, 278 ], [ 388, 406 ], [ 431, 433 ], [ 547, 572 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the Roman period, the Punic city of Maleth became known as Melite, and it became the administrative hub of the Island. Its size grew to its maximum extent, occupying the entire area of present-day Mdina and large parts of Rabat, extending to what is now the church of St Paul. Remains show that the city was surrounded by thick defensive walls and was also protected by a protective ditch that ran along the same line of St Rita Street, which was built directly above it. Remains hint that a religious centre with a number of temples was built on the highest part of the promontory. The remains of one impressive residence known as the Domvs Romana have been excavated, revealing well-preserved Pompeian style mosaics. This domus seems to have been the residence of a rich Roman aristocrat, and it is believed to have been built in the 1st century BC and abandoned in the 2nd century AD.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 50155754, 1630504, 978829, 47769521, 26563776, 5585828 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 68 ], [ 200, 205 ], [ 225, 230 ], [ 261, 278 ], [ 639, 651 ], [ 698, 712 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The islands prospered under Roman rule, and were eventually distinguished as a Municipium and a Foederata Civitas. Many Roman antiquities still exist, testifying to the close link between the Maltese inhabitants and Sicily. Throughout the period of Roman rule, Latin became Malta's official language, and Roman religion was introduced in the islands. Despite this, the local Punic-Hellenistic culture and language is thought to have survived until at least the 1st century AD.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 1190968, 2390998, 17730, 214954 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 79, 89 ], [ 106, 113 ], [ 261, 266 ], [ 305, 319 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In AD 60, the Acts of the Apostles records that Saint Paul was shipwrecked on an island named Melite, which many Bible scholars and Maltese conflate with Malta; there is a tradition that the shipwreck took place on the shores of the aptly named \"St. Paul's Bay\".", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 2084, 24140, 1345000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 34 ], [ 48, 58 ], [ 246, 260 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta remained part of the Roman Empire until the early 6th century AD. The Vandals and later the Ostrogoths might have briefly occupied the islands in the 5th century, but there is no archaeological evidence to support this.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Antiquity", "target_page_ids": [ 46516, 22428 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 83 ], [ 98, 108 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 533, Byzantine general Belisarius may have landed at Malta while on his way from Sicily to North Africa, and by 535, the islands were integrated into the Byzantine province of Sicily. During the Byzantine period, the main settlements remained the city of Melite on mainland Malta and the Citadel on Gozo, while Marsaxlokk, Marsaskala, Marsa and Xlendi are believed to have served as harbours. The relatively high quantity of Byzantine ceramics found in Malta suggests that the island might have had an important strategic role within the empire from the 6th to 8th centuries.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 16972981, 23476714, 27619, 27619, 9795234, 275714, 8347625, 1857861, 4959788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 17 ], [ 26, 36 ], [ 84, 90 ], [ 179, 185 ], [ 291, 298 ], [ 314, 324 ], [ 326, 336 ], [ 338, 343 ], [ 348, 354 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From the late 7th century onward, the Mediterranean was being threatened by Muslim expansion. At this point, the Byzantines probably improved the defences of Malta, as can be seen by defensive walls built around the basilica at Tas-Silġ around the 8th century. The Byzantines might have also built the retrenchment which reduced Melite to one-third of its original size.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 2867231, 26575474, 31444580 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 92 ], [ 228, 236 ], [ 302, 314 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 870 AD, Malta was occupied by Muslims from North Africa. According to Al-Himyarī, Aghlabids led by Halaf al-Hādim besieged the Byzantine city of Melite, which was ruled by governor Amros (probably Ambrosios). Al-Hādim was killed in the fighting, and Sawāda Ibn Muḥammad was sent from Sicily to continue the siege following his death. The duration of the siege is unknown, but it probably lasted for some weeks or months. After Melite fell to the invaders, the inhabitants were massacred, the city was destroyed and its churches were looted. Marble from Melite's churches was used to build the castle of Sousse.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 21714, 19019944, 643691, 51327857, 27619, 1008941 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 58 ], [ 73, 83 ], [ 85, 94 ], [ 117, 154 ], [ 287, 293 ], [ 606, 612 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "According to Al-Himyarī, Malta remained almost uninhabited until it was resettled in around 1048 or 1049 by a Muslim community and their slaves, who rebuilt the city of Melite as Medina, making it \"a finer place than it was before.\" However, archaeological evidence suggests that Melite/Medina was already a thriving Muslim settlement by the beginning of the 11th century, so Al-Himyarī's account might be unreliable.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1053–54, the Byzantines besieged Medina but they were repelled by its defenders.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 51331200 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although their rule was relatively short, the Arabs left a significant impact on Malta. In addition to their language, Siculo-Arabic, cotton, oranges and lemons and many new techniques in irrigation were introduced. Some of these, like the noria (waterwheel), are still used, unchanged, today. Many place names in Malta date to this period.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 7559048, 36806, 4984440, 21299730 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 119, 132 ], [ 134, 140 ], [ 142, 149 ], [ 154, 159 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A long historiographic controversy loomed over Medieval Muslim Malta. According to the \"Christian continuity thesis\", spearheaded by Giovanni Francesco Abela and still most present in popular narratives, the Maltese population continuously inhabited the islands from the early Christian Era up to today, and a Christian community persisted even during Muslim times. This was contested in the 1970s by the medieval historian Godfrey Wettinger, who claimed that nothing indicated the continuity of Christianity from the late 9th to the 11th century on the Maltese Islands – the Maltese must have integrated into the new Arab Islamic society. The Christian continuity thesis had a revival in 2010 following the publication of Tristia ex Melitogaudo by Stanley Fiorini, Horatio Vella and Joseph Brincat, who challenged Wettinger's interpretation based on a line of a Byzantine poem (which later appeared to have been mistranslated). Wettinger subsequently reaffirmed his thesis, based on sources from the Arab historians and geographers Al Baqri, Al-Himyarī, Ibn Hauqal, Qazwini, who all seemed to be in agreement that “the island of Malta remained after that a ruin without inhabitants” – thus ruling out any continuity whatsoever between the Maltese prior to 870 and after. This is also consistent with Joseph Brincat’s finding of no further substrata beyond Arabic in the Maltese language, a very rare occurrence which may only be explained by a drastic lapse between one period and the following. To the contrary, the few Byzantine words in Maltese language can be traced to the 400 Rhodians coming with the knights in 1530, as well as to the influx of Greek rite Christians from Sicily.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 287386, 62924875, 19019944, 19031, 26773183 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 133, 157 ], [ 424, 441 ], [ 1043, 1053 ], [ 1371, 1387 ], [ 1583, 1591 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta returned to Christian rule with the Norman conquest. It was, with Noto on the southern tip of Sicily, the last Arab stronghold in the region to be retaken by the resurgent Christians. In 1091, Count Roger I of Sicily, invaded Malta and turned the island's Muslim rulers into his vassals. In 1127, his son Roger II of Sicily fully established Norman rule in Malta, paving the way for the islands' Christianization.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 11065190, 157906, 157904, 58087847, 79075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 57 ], [ 72, 76 ], [ 205, 222 ], [ 224, 231 ], [ 311, 329 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta was part of the Kingdom of Sicily for nearly 440 years. During this period, Malta was sold and resold to various feudal lords and barons and was dominated successively by the rulers of Swabia, Anjou, the Crown of Aragon, the Crown of Castile and Spain. Eventually, the Crown of Aragon, which then ruled Malta, joined with Castile in 1479, and Malta became part of the Spanish Empire.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 641373, 3685763, 10518745, 824490, 4711133, 303062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 39 ], [ 191, 197 ], [ 199, 204 ], [ 210, 225 ], [ 231, 247 ], [ 374, 388 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Meanwhile, Malta's administration fell in the hands of local nobility who formed a governing body called the Università.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The islands remained largely Muslim-inhabited long after the end of Arab rule. The Arab administration was also kept in place and Muslims were allowed to practise their religion freely until the 13th century. The Normans allowed an emir to remain in power with the understanding that he would pay an annual tribute to them in mules, horses, and munitions. As a result of this favourable environment, Muslims continued to demographically and economically dominate Malta for at least another 150years after the Christian conquest.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1122, Malta experienced a Muslim uprising and in 1127 Roger II of Sicily reconquered the islands.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 79075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Even in 1175, Burchard, bishop of Strasbourg, an envoy of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had the impression, based upon his brief visit to Malta, that it was exclusively or mainly inhabited by Muslims.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 39699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1192, Tancred of Sicily appointed Margaritus of Brindisi the first Count of Malta, perhaps for his unexpected success in capturing Empress Constance contender to the throne. Between 1194 and 1530, the Kingdom of Sicily ruled the Maltese islands and a process of full latinisation started in Malta. The conquest of the Normans would lead to the gradual Romanization and Latinization and subsequent firm establishment of Roman Catholicism in Malta, after previous respective Eastern Orthodox and Islamic domination. Until 1224, however, there remained a strong Muslim segment of society.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 157907, 4932821, 10233748, 204331, 641373, 3676364, 3676364, 3676364, 606848, 1834723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 26 ], [ 37, 59 ], [ 70, 84 ], [ 134, 151 ], [ 204, 221 ], [ 270, 282 ], [ 355, 367 ], [ 372, 384 ], [ 422, 439 ], [ 476, 492 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1224, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, sent an expedition against Malta to establish royal control and prevent its Muslim population from helping a Muslim rebellion in the Kingdom of Sicily.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 68974, 641373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 41 ], [ 176, 193 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the Norman conquest, the population of the Maltese islands kept growing mainly through immigration from the north (Sicily and Italy), with the exile to Malta of the entire male population of the town of Celano (Italy) in 1223, the stationing of a Norman and Sicilian garrison on Malta in 1240 and the settlement in Malta of noble families from Sicily between 1372 and 1450. As a consequence of this, Capelli et al. found in 2005 that \"the contemporary males of Malta most likely originated from Southern Italy, including Sicily and up to Calabria.\"", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 11065190, 4025722 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 25 ], [ 209, 215 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "According to a report in 1240 or 1241 by Gililberto Abbate, who was the royal governor of Frederick II of Sicily during the Genoese Period of the County of Malta, in that year the islands of Malta and Gozo had 836Muslim families, 250Christian families and 33Jewish families.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 10233748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 125, 139 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Around 1249, some Maltese Muslims were sent to the Italian colony of Lucera, established for Sicilian Muslims. For some historians, including Godfrey Wettinger, who follow on this Ibn Khaldun, this event marked the end of Islam in Malta. According to Wettinger, \"there is no doubt that by the beginning of Angevin times [i.e. shortly after 1249] no professed Muslim Maltese remained either as free persons or even as serfs on the island.\" The Maltese language nevertheless survived – an indication that either a large number of Christians already spoke Maltese, or that many Muslims converted and remained behind.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 2994697, 199169, 10518745, 19031 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 69, 75 ], [ 180, 191 ], [ 306, 313 ], [ 443, 459 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1266, Malta was turned over in fiefdom to Charles of Anjou, brother of France's King LouisIX, who retained it in ownership until 1283. Eventually, during Charles's rule religious coexistence became precarious in Malta, since he had a genuine intolerance of religions other than Roman Catholicism. However, Malta's links with Africa would still remain strong until the beginning of Aragonese and Spanish rule in 1283, following the War of the Sicilian Vespers. ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 145893, 39833, 824490, 5248219 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 41 ], [ 45, 61 ], [ 384, 410 ], [ 434, 461 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In September1429, Hafsid Saracens attempted to capture Malta but were repelled by the Maltese. The invaders pillaged the countryside and took about 3,000inhabitants as slaves.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [ 1289726, 45456225 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 24 ], [ 34, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By the end of the 15thcentury, all Maltese Muslims would be forced to convert to Christianity and had to find ways to disguise their previous identities by Latinizing or adopting new surnames.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Middle Ages", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1530 to 1798.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 8055956, 641373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 42 ], [ 68, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the early 16thcentury, the Ottoman Empire started spreading over the region, reaching South East Europe. The Spanish king Charles V feared that if Rome fell to the Turks, it would be the end of Christian Europe. In 1522, Suleiman I drove the Knights Hospitaller of St.John out of Rhodes. They dispersed to their commanderies in Europe. Wanting to protect Rome from invasion from the south, in 1530, Charles V handed over the island to these knights.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 22278, 70716, 26992, 8055956, 26773183, 70716 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 44 ], [ 125, 134 ], [ 224, 234 ], [ 245, 264 ], [ 283, 289 ], [ 402, 411 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the next 275years, these famous \"Knights of Malta\" made the island their domain and made the Italian language official. They built towns, palaces, churches, gardens, and fortifications, they embellished the island with numerous works of art, and enhanced cultural heritage.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 14708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The order of the Knights of St.John was originally established to set up outposts along the route to the Holy Land, to assist pilgrims going in either direction. Owing to the many confrontations that took place, one of their main tasks was to provide medical assistance, and even today the eight-pointed cross is still in wide use in ambulances and first aid organisations. In return for the many lives they saved, the Order received many newly conquered territories that had to be defended. Together with the need to defend the pilgrims in their care, this gave rise to the strong military wing of the knights. Over time, the Order became strong and rich. From hospitallers first and military second, these priorities reversed. Since much of the territory they covered was around the Mediterranean region, they became notable seamen.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "From Malta the knights resumed their seaborne attacks of Ottoman shipping, and before long the Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent ordered a final attack on the Order. By this time the Knights had occupied the city of Birgu, which had excellent harbours to house their fleet. Birgu was one of the two major urban places at that time, the other most urban place being Mdina the old capital city of Malta. The defences around Birgu were enhanced and new fortifications built on the other point where now there is Senglea. A small fort was built at the tip of the peninsula where the city of Valletta now stands and was named Fort Saint Elmo.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 26992, 430948, 1630504, 937168, 57664, 2441225 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 95, 126 ], [ 214, 219 ], [ 363, 368 ], [ 507, 514 ], [ 585, 593 ], [ 619, 634 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 18May 1565, Suleiman the Magnificent laid siege to Malta. By the time the Ottoman fleet arrived the Knights were as ready as they could be. First, the Ottomans attacked the newly built fort of St.Elmo and after a whole month of fighting the fort was in rubble and the soldiers kept fighting until the Turks ended their lives. After this they started attacking Birgu and the fortifications at Senglea but to no gain.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 26992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After a protracted siege ended on 8September of the same year, which became known in history as the Great Siege, the Ottoman Empire conceded defeat as the approaching winter storms threatened to prevent them from leaving. The Ottoman Empire had expected an easy victory within weeks. They had 40,000men arrayed against the Knights' 9,000, most of them Maltese soldiers and simple citizens bearing arms. Their loss of thousands of men was very demoralising. The Ottomans made no further attempts to conquer Malta and the Sultan died in the next year.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 1636416, 22278 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 96, 111 ], [ 117, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The year after, the Order started work on a new city with fortifications like no other, on the Sciberras Peninsula which the Ottomans had used as a base during the siege. It was named Valletta after Jean Parisot de Valette, the Grand Master who had seen the Order through its victory. Since the Ottoman Empire never attacked again, the fortifications were never put to the test, and today remain one of the best-preserved fortifications of this period.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 57664, 39844035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 184, 192 ], [ 199, 222 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Unlike other rulers of the island, the Order of St.John did not have a \"home country\" outside the island. The island became their home, so they invested in it more heavily than any other power. Besides, its members came from noble families, and the Order had amassed considerable fortunes due to its services to those en route to the Holy Land. The architectural and artistic remains of this period remain among the greatest of Malta's history, especially in their \"prize jewel\" — the city of Valletta.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "However, as their main raison d'être had ceased to exist, the Order's glory days were over. In the last three decades of the eighteenth century, the Order experienced a steady decline. This was a result of a number of factors, including the bankruptcy that was a result of some lavish rule of the last Grand Masters, which drained the finances of the Order. Due to this, the Order also became unpopular with the Maltese.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Indeed, in 1775, a revolt known as the Rising of the Priests occurred. Rebels managed to capture Fort St Elmo and Saint James Cavalier, but the revolt was suppressed and some of the leaders were executed while others were imprisoned or exiled.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Hospitaller rule (1530–1798)", "target_page_ids": [ 46951963, 7032455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 60 ], [ 114, 134 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Over the years, the power of the knights declined; their reign ended in 1798 when Napoleon Bonaparte's expeditionary fleet stopped off there en route to his Egyptian expedition. Napoleon asked for safe harbour to resupply his ships, and when they refused to supply him with water, Napoleon Bonaparte sent a division to scale the hills of Valletta. Grand Master Hompesch capitulated on 11June. The following day a treaty was signed by which the order handed over sovereignty of the island of Malta to the French Republic. In return the French Republic agreed to \"employ all its credit at the congress of Rastatt to procure a principality for the Grand Master, equivalent to the one he gives up\".", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "French occupation (1798–1800)", "target_page_ids": [ 69880, 5913449, 69880, 2677145, 62243, 779754 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 100 ], [ 157, 176 ], [ 281, 299 ], [ 361, 369 ], [ 504, 519 ], [ 591, 610 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During his very short stay (six days), Napoleon accomplished quite a number of reforms, notably the creation of a new administration with a Government Commission, the creation of twelve municipalities, the setting up of a public finance administration, the abolition of all feudal rights and privileges, the abolition of slavery and the granting of freedom to all Turkish slaves (2000 in all). On the judicial level, a family code was framed and twelve judges were nominated. Public education was organised along principles laid down by Bonaparte himself, providing for primary and secondary education. Fifteen primary schools were founded and the university was replaced by an ’Ecole centrale’ in which there were eight chairs, all very scientific in outlook: notably, arithmetic and stereometry, algebra and stereotomy, geometry and astronomy, mechanics and physics, navigation, chemistry, etc.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "French occupation (1798–1800)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "He then sailed for Egypt leaving a substantial garrison in Malta. Since the Order had also been growing unpopular with the local Maltese, the latter initially viewed the French with optimism. This illusion did not last long. Within months the French were closing convents and seizing church treasures, most notably the sword of Jean de Valette which has since been returned to Malta in 2017, after a century in Paris, and for many years exhibited at the Louvre, in Paris. The Maltese people rebelled, and the French garrison of General Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois retreated into Valletta. After several failed attempts by the locals to retake Valletta, the British were asked for their assistance. Rear Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson decided on a total blockade in 1799. The French garrison surrendered in 1800.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "French occupation (1798–1800)", "target_page_ids": [ 17546, 22989, 1246258, 24874360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 454, 460 ], [ 465, 470 ], [ 536, 568 ], [ 721, 735 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1800, Malta voluntarily became part of the British Empire as a protectorate. Under the terms of the 1802 Treaty of Amiens with France, Britain was supposed to evacuate the island, but failed to keep this obligation – one of several mutual cases of non-adherence to the treaty, which eventually led to its collapse and the resumption of war between the two countries.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 4721, 38762592, 91169, 45420 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 46, 60 ], [ 66, 78 ], [ 108, 124 ], [ 325, 342 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although initially the island was not given much importance, its excellent harbours became a prized asset for the British, especially after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. The island became a military and naval fortress, the headquarters of the British Mediterranean fleet.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 29323 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 159, 169 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Home rule was refused to the Maltese until 1921 although a partly elected legislative council was created as early as 1849 (the first Council of Government under British rule had been held in 1835), and the locals sometimes suffered considerable poverty. This was due to the island being overpopulated and largely dependent on British military expenditure which varied with the demands of war. Throughout the 19thcentury, the British administration instituted several liberal constitutional reforms which were generally resisted by the Church and the Maltese elite who preferred to cling to their feudal privileges. Political organisations, like the Nationalist Party, were created or had as one of their aims, the protection of the Italian language in Malta.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 174102, 297734, 14708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 650, 667 ], [ 733, 749 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1813 Malta was granted the Bathurst Constitution; in 1814 it was declared free of the plague, while the 1815 Congress of Vienna reaffirmed the British rule under the 1814 Treaty of Paris. In 1819, the local Italian-speaking Università was dissolved.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 4746, 44628, 191927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 89, 95 ], [ 112, 130 ], [ 174, 189 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The year 1828 saw the revocation of the right of sanctuary, following the Vatican Church-State proclamation. Three years later, the See of Malta was made independent of the See of Palermo. In 1839, press censorship was abolished, and the construction of St.Paul's Anglican Cathedral began.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 38881 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 180, 187 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following the 1846 Carnival riots, in 1849 a Council of Government with elected members under British rule was set up. In 1870 a referendum was held on ecclesiastics serving on Council of Government, and in 1881 an Executive Council under British rule was created; in 1887, the Council of Government was entrusted with \"dual control\" under British rule. A backlash came in 1903, with the return to the 1849 form of Council of Government under British rule.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 51582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 129, 139 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The last quarter of the century saw technical and financial progress in line with the Belle Époque: The following years saw the foundation of the Anglo-Egyptian Bank (1882) and the beginning of operation of the Malta Railway (1883); the first definitive postage stamps were issued in 1885, and in 1904 tram service began.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 230322, 15333619, 27001818 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 98 ], [ 146, 165 ], [ 211, 224 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1886 Surgeon Major David Bruce discovered the microbe causing the Malta Fever, and in 1905 Themistocles Zammit discovered the fever's sources.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 2257142, 425881, 10722965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 33 ], [ 69, 80 ], [ 94, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Finally, in 1912, Dun Karm Psaila wrote his first poem in Maltese.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 765273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Between 1915 and 1918, during World War I, Malta became known as the Nurse of the Mediterranean due to the large number of wounded soldiers who were accommodated in Malta.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 4764461 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1919, the Sette Giugno (7June) riots over the excessive price of bread led to greater autonomy for the locals during the 1920s. After Filippo Sciberras had convened a National Assembly, in 1921 self-government was granted under British rule. Malta obtained a bicameral parliament with a Senate (later abolished in 1949) and an elected Legislative Assembly. Joseph Howard was named Prime Minister. In 1923 the Innu Malti was played for the first time in public, and the same year Francisco Buhagiar became Prime Minister, followed in 1924 by SirUgo Pasquale Mifsud and in 1927 by SirGerald Strickland.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 5456318, 204299, 37044813, 6664677, 176175, 8346718, 1066388 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 25 ], [ 262, 271 ], [ 272, 282 ], [ 360, 373 ], [ 412, 422 ], [ 547, 566 ], [ 585, 602 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1930s saw a period of instability in the relations between the Maltese political elite, the Maltese Catholic church, and the British authorities; the 1921 Constitution was suspended twice. First in 1930–1932, when British authorities assumed that a free and fair election would not be possible following a clash between the governing Constitutional Party and the Church and the latter's subsequent imposition of mortal sin on voters of the party and its allies, thus making a free and fair election impossible. Again, in 1933 the Constitution was withdrawn over the Government's budgetary vote for the teaching of Italian in elementary schools, after just 13months of a Nationalist administration. Malta thus reverted to the Crown Colony status it held in 1813.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 19277592 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 338, 358 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Before the arrival of the British, the official language since 1530 (and the one of the handful of educated elite) had been Italian, but this was downgraded by the increased use of English. In 1934 Maltese was declared an official language, which brought the number up to three. Two years later, the Letters Patent of the 1936 constitution declared that Maltese and English were the only official languages, thereby legally settling the long-standing 'Language Question' that had dominated Maltese politics for over half a century.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 19031, 65516947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 198, 205 ], [ 452, 469 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1934, only about 15% of the population could speak Italian fluently. This meant that out of 58,000males qualified by age to be jurors, only 767 could qualify by language, as only Italian had until then been used in the courts.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1936 the Constitution was revised to provide for the nomination of members to Executive Council under British rule (similar to the 1835 constitution) and in 1939 to provide again for a partly elected Council of Government under British rule.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Before World WarII, Valletta was the location of the Royal Navy's Mediterranean Fleet's headquarters. However, despite Winston Churchill's objections, the command was moved to Alexandria, Egypt, in April 1937 fearing it was too susceptible to air attacks from Europe. At the time of the Italian declaration of war (10June 1940), Malta had a garrison of less than four thousand soldiers and about five weeks of food supplies for the population of about three hundred thousand. In addition, Malta's air defences consisted of about forty-two anti-aircraft guns (thirty-four \"heavy\" and eight \"light\") and four Gloster Gladiators, for which three pilots were available.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 26061, 1071155, 33265, 3080, 8087628, 146640, 204953 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 63 ], [ 66, 85 ], [ 119, 136 ], [ 176, 186 ], [ 188, 193 ], [ 539, 552 ], [ 607, 624 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Being a British colony, situated close to Sicily and the Axis shipping lanes, Malta was bombarded by the Italian and German air forces. Malta was used by the British to launch attacks on the Italian navy and had a submarine base. It was also used as a listening post, reading German radio messages including Enigma traffic.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 43507, 9256 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 61 ], [ 308, 314 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first air raids against Malta occurred on 11June 1940; there were six attacks that day. The island's biplanes were unable to defend due to the Luqa Airfield being unfinished; however, the airfield was ready by the seventh attack. Initially, the Italians would fly at about 5,500m, then they dropped down to three thousand metres (in order to improve the accuracy of their bomb-aiming). Journalist Mabel Strickland spoke of the Italian bombing efforts as such: \"The Italians decided they didn't like [the Gladiators and AA guns], so they dropped their bombs twenty miles off Malta and went back.\". Despite these words, the accuracy of Italian bombers improved after repeated attempts, causing a great deal of devastation to both military and civilian infrastructure in Malta. However, these raids proved ineffective to the Axis siege efforts, as any damage incurred was eventually repaired before a new wave of bombers could launch bombing runs over the islands.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 49201, 2864142, 15928, 205431, 204953, 146640 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 105, 112 ], [ 147, 160 ], [ 390, 400 ], [ 401, 417 ], [ 508, 518 ], [ 523, 525 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By the end of August, the Gladiators were reinforced by twelve Hawker Hurricanes which had arrived via HMS Argus. During the first five months of combat, the island's aircraft destroyed or damaged about thirty-seven Italian aircraft, while suffering even greater losses than the Italians. Italian fighter pilot Francisco Cavalera observed, \"Malta was really a big problem for us—very well-defended.\". Nevertheless, the Italian bombing campaign was causing serious damage to the island's infrastructure and the ability of the Royal Navy to operate effectively in the Mediterranean.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 57970, 684997, 10929, 776074, 26061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 79 ], [ 103, 112 ], [ 297, 304 ], [ 311, 329 ], [ 525, 535 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On Malta, 330people had been killed and 297 were seriously wounded from the war's inception until December1941. In January1941, the German X. Fliegerkorps arrived in Sicily as the Afrika Korps arrived in Libya. Over the next four months 820people were killed and 915 seriously wounded.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 23383759, 158208, 17633 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 154 ], [ 180, 192 ], [ 204, 209 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 15April 1942, King George VI awarded the George Cross (the highest civilian award for gallantry) \"to the island fortress of Malta — its people and defenders.\" Franklin D. Roosevelt arrived on 8December 1943, and presented a United States Presidential Citation to the people of Malta on behalf of the people of United States. He presented the scroll on 8December but dated it 7December for symbolic reasons. In part it read: \"Under repeated fire from the skies, Malta stood alone and unafraid in the centre of the sea, one tiny bright flame in the darkness – a beacon of hope for the clearer days which have come.\" (The complete citation now stands on a plaque on the wall of the Grand Master's Palace on Republic Street, in the town square of Valletta.)", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 46755, 11356474, 10979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 31 ], [ 44, 56 ], [ 162, 183 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1942, a convoy code-named Operation Pedestal was sent to relieve Malta. Five ships, including the tanker SS Ohio, managed to arrive in the Grand Harbour, with enough supplies for Malta to survive. In the following year Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill visited Malta. George VI also arrived in Grand Harbour for a visit.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 573822, 1493585, 10979, 33265, 46755 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 47 ], [ 108, 115 ], [ 222, 243 ], [ 248, 265 ], [ 281, 290 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the Second World War, Ugo Mifsud and George Borg Olivier were the only remaining Nationalist members of parliament of Malta. Ugo Mifsud fainted after delivering a very passionate defense against the deportation to concentration camps in Uganda of Enrico Mizzi and 49other Italian Maltese accused of pro-Italian political activities. He died a few days later.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 8346718, 891890, 413449, 2873703, 25118699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 39 ], [ 44, 63 ], [ 244, 250 ], [ 254, 266 ], [ 279, 294 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1943, the Allies launched the invasion of Sicily from Malta. The invasion was coordinated from the Lascaris War Rooms in Valletta. Following the Armistice of Cassibile later in 1943, a large part of the Italian Navy surrendered to the British in Malta.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 2198844, 253934, 43132230, 2998260, 1126949 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 19 ], [ 33, 51 ], [ 102, 120 ], [ 148, 170 ], [ 206, 218 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Malta Conference was held in 1945, in which Churchill and Roosevelt met prior to the Yalta Conference with Joseph Stalin.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 8470757, 92972, 15641 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 20 ], [ 89, 105 ], [ 111, 124 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1946 National Assembly resulted in a new constitution in 1947. This restored Malta's self-government, with Paul Boffa as Prime Minister. On 5September 1947, universal suffrage for women in Malta was granted. That year, Agatha Barbara was the first woman elected as a Maltese Member of Parliament.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 2448078, 40955958, 638541, 8465494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 111, 121 ], [ 184, 198 ], [ 223, 237 ], [ 246, 265 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the Second World War, the islands achieved self-rule, with the Malta Labour Party (MLP) of Dom Mintoff seeking either full integration with the UK or else \"self-determination\" (independence) and the Partit Nazzjonalista (PN) of George Borg Olivier favouring independence, with the same \"dominion status\" that Canada, Australia and New Zealand enjoyed.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 404834, 382416, 297734, 891890 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 69, 87 ], [ 97, 108 ], [ 205, 225 ], [ 234, 253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1953 Coronation incident (where, initially, no invitation was sent for a Maltese delegation to attend the Coronation of Queen ElizabethII), temporarily united Maltese politicians. After the MLP's electoral victory in 1955, in December Round Table Talks were held in London, on the future of Malta, namely the Integration proposal put forward by Mintoff. It was attended by the new Prime Minister Dom Mintoff, Borg Olivier, and other Maltese politicians, along with the British Colonial Secretary, Alan Lennox-Boyd. The British government agreed to offer the islands their own representation in British Parliament, with three seats in the House of Commons, with the Home Office taking over responsibility for Maltese affairs from the Colonial Office.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 224423, 2256403, 13964, 13828, 225695 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 481, 499 ], [ 501, 517 ], [ 598, 616 ], [ 642, 658 ], [ 669, 680 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Under the proposals, the Maltese Parliament would retain authority over all affairs except defence, foreign policy, and taxation. The Maltese were also to have social and economic parity with the UK, to be guaranteed by the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) the islands' main source of employment.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A UK integration referendum was held on 11 and 12February 1956, in which 77.02% of voters were in favour of the proposal, but owing to a boycott by the Nationalist Party and the Church, only 59.1% of the electorate voted, thereby rendering the result inconclusive.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 34485084 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 2, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There were also concerns expressed by British MPs that the representation of Malta at Westminster would set a precedent for other colonies, and influence the outcome of general elections.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In addition, the decreasing strategic importance of Malta to the Royal Navy meant that the British government was increasingly reluctant to maintain the naval dockyards. Following a decision by the Admiralty to dismiss 40workers at the dockyard, Mintoff declared that \"representatives of the Maltese people in Parliament declare that they are no longer bound by agreements and obligations toward the British government...\" (the 1958 Caravaggio incident) In response, the Colonial Secretary sent a cable to Mintoff, stating that he had \"recklessly hazarded\" the whole integration plan.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Under protest, Dom Mintoff resigned as Prime Minister along with all the MLP deputies on 21 April 1958. Georgio Borg Olivier was offered to form an alternative government by Governor Laycock but refused. This led to the Governor declaring a state of emergency thus suspending the constitution and Malta was placed under direct colonial administration from London. The MLP had now fully abandoned support for integration (when Mintoff's demands for financial guarantees were not accepted) and now advocated full independence from Britain. In 1959, an Interim Constitution provided for an Executive Council under British rule.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "While France had implemented a similar policy in its colonies, some of which became overseas departments, the status offered to Malta from Britain constituted a unique exception. Malta was the only British colony where integration with the UK was seriously considered, and subsequent British governments have ruled out integration for remaining overseas territories, such as Gibraltar.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 338831, 207114, 7607314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 84, 104 ], [ 198, 212 ], [ 375, 384 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 1959 Malta's British governor started to pursue a plan of economic development based on promoting tourism and tax competition, offering very low tax rates on pensions, royalties and dividends to attract British (referred to as ‘sixpenny settlers’) and former colonial pensioners. Malta saw a large influx of Britons from Rhodesia after 1967. ", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 29789, 909143, 26219 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 103, 110 ], [ 115, 130 ], [ 326, 334 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1961, the Blood Commission provided for a new constitution allowing for a measure of self-government and recognising the \"State\" of Malta. Giorgio Borg Olivier became Prime Minister the following year, when the Stolper report was delivered.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Malta in the British Empire (1800–1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 891890 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 142, 162 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following the passage of the Malta Independence Act 1964 by the British Parliament and the approval of a new Maltese constitution by 54.5% of voters in a referendum, the State of Malta () was formed on 21September 1964 as an independent constitutional monarchy, with Elizabeth II as Queen of Malta and head of state. The date continues to be celebrated annually as Independence Day (), a national holiday in Malta. On 1December 1964, Malta was admitted to the United Nations.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13964, 11415055, 34485185, 15997531, 5649, 12153654, 3247105, 13456, 31769 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 82 ], [ 109, 129 ], [ 154, 164 ], [ 170, 184 ], [ 237, 260 ], [ 267, 279 ], [ 283, 297 ], [ 302, 315 ], [ 460, 474 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the first two post-independence electoral rounds, in 1962 and 1966 the Nationalist Party emerged as the largest party, gaining a majority of the Parliamentary seats. In these years, relations with Italy were of the utmost importance to secure independence and establish linkages with continental Europe. Malta signed four cooperation agreements with Italy in 1967, during a visit of Aldo Moro to the island.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 16818624, 13483913, 297734, 19743650, 52544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 60 ], [ 65, 69 ], [ 74, 91 ], [ 185, 205 ], [ 386, 395 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1965 Malta joined the Council of Europe, and in 1970, Malta signed an Association Treaty with the European Economic Community.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 5865, 9578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 42 ], [ 101, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The elections of 1971 saw the Labour Party (MLP) under Dom Mintoff win by just over 4,000votes.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13483582, 404834, 382416 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 21 ], [ 30, 42 ], [ 55, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Labour government immediately set out to re-negotiate the post-Independence military and financial agreements with the United Kingdom. The government also undertook nationalization programmes and the expansion of the public sector and the welfare state. Employment laws were updated with gender equality being introduced in salary pay. Concerning civil law, civil marriage was introduced and homosexuality and adultery were decriminalised (1973); capital punishment for murder was abolished in 1971. The following year, Malta entered into a Military Base Agreement with the United Kingdom and other NATO countries, after mediation by Italy's Aldo Moro.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 92357, 31717, 1062429, 334803, 222839, 18657, 1271927, 201974, 5488304, 58809, 5902, 20171, 31717, 21133, 52544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 80, 88 ], [ 123, 137 ], [ 169, 184 ], [ 221, 234 ], [ 243, 256 ], [ 258, 272 ], [ 292, 307 ], [ 362, 376 ], [ 396, 409 ], [ 414, 422 ], [ 451, 469 ], [ 474, 480 ], [ 578, 592 ], [ 603, 607 ], [ 646, 655 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Through a package of constitutional reforms, Malta became a republic on 13December 1974, with the last Governor-General, Sir Anthony Mamo, as its first President. The Ġieħ ir-Repubblika Act, promulgated the following year, abolished all titles of nobility in Malta and mandated that they cease to be recognised.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 25536, 1900979, 348075, 37071008, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 68 ], [ 125, 137 ], [ 152, 161 ], [ 167, 189 ], [ 247, 255 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Party was confirmed in office in the 1976 elections. Between 1976 and 1981 Malta went through difficult times and the Labour government demanded that the Maltese tighten their belts in order to overcome the difficulties Malta was facing. There were shortages of essential items; water and electricity supplies were systematically suspended for two or three days a week. Political tensions increased, notably on Black Monday, when following an attempted assassination of the Prime Minister, the premises of the Times of Malta were burned and the house of the Leader of Opposition was attacked.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13483444, 1675884, 5693947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 55 ], [ 415, 427 ], [ 514, 528 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 1April 1979 the last British forces left the island after the end of the economic pact to stabilise the Maltese economy. This is celebrated as Freedom Day (Jum Il-Ħelsien) on 31 March. Celebrations start with a ceremony in Floriana near the War Memorial. A popular event on this memorable day is the traditional regatta. The regatta is held at the Grand Harbour and the teams taking part in it give it their best shot to win the much coveted aggregate Regatta Shield.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 2620342, 361727, 49316354 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 146, 157 ], [ 226, 234 ], [ 244, 256 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Under Mintoff's premiership, Malta began establishing close cultural and economic ties with Muammar Gaddafi's Libya, as well as diplomatic and military ties with North Korea.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 53029, 5171141, 21255 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 107 ], [ 110, 115 ], [ 162, 173 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the Mintoff years, Libya had loaned several million dollars to Malta to make up for the loss of rental income which followed the closure of British military bases in Malta. These closer ties with Libya meant a dramatic new (but short-lived) development in Maltese foreign policy: Western media reported that Malta appeared to be turning its back on NATO, the UK, and Europe generally.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 382416, 21133, 31717, 9239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 356, 360 ], [ 366, 368 ], [ 374, 380 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "History books were published that began to spread the idea of a disconnection between the Italian and Catholic populations, and instead tried to promote the theory of closer cultural and ethnic ties with North Africa. This new development was noted by Boissevain in 1991: \"The Labour government broke off relations with NATO and sought links with the Arab world. After 900years of being linked to Europe, Malta began to look southward. Muslims, still remembered in folklore for savage pirate attacks, were redefined as blood brothers\".", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Malta and Libya had entered into a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty, in response to repeated overtures by Gaddafi for a closer, more formal union between the two countries; and, for a brief period, Arabic had become a compulsory subject in Maltese secondary schools. In 1984 the Mariam Al-Batool Mosque was officially opened by Muammar Gaddafi in Malta, two years after its completion.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 53029, 48541271 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 114 ], [ 280, 303 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1980 an oil rig of the Italian company Saipem commissioned by Texaco to drill on behalf of the Maltese government 68nautical miles south-east of Malta had to stop operations after being threatened by a Libyan gunboat. Both Malta and Libya claimed economic rights to the area and this incident raised tensions. The matter was referred to the International Court of Justice in 1982 but the court's ruling in 1985 dealt only with the delineation of a small part of the contested territory.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13506679, 59224, 14918 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 48 ], [ 65, 71 ], [ 344, 374 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1980, Malta signed a neutrality agreement with Italy, under which Malta agreed not to enter into any alliance and Italy agreed to guarantee Malta's neutrality. Malta's relations with Italy have been described as \"generally excellent\".", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 284003, 14532 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 34 ], [ 50, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 1981 general elections saw the Nationalist Party (NP) gaining an absolute majority of votes, yet the Labour winning the majority of Parliamentary seats under the Single Transferable Vote and Mintoff remained Prime Minister, leading to a political crisis. The Nationalists, now led by Eddie Fenech Adami, refused to accept the electoral result and also refused to take their seats in parliament for the first years of the legislature, mounting a campaign demanding that Parliament should reflect the democratic will of the people. Despite this, the Labour government remained in power for the full five-year term. Mintoff resigned as Prime Minister and Party leader and appointed Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici as his successor in 1984.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13382003, 297734, 29589, 395009, 36799943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 26 ], [ 35, 52 ], [ 166, 190 ], [ 288, 306 ], [ 683, 705 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Mifsud Bonnici years were characterised by political tensions and violence. After a five-year debate, Fenech Adami, through the intervention of Dom Mintoff, reached an agreement with Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici to improve the constitution. Constitutional amendments were made voted and made effective in January 1987 which guaranteed that the party with an absolute majority of votes would be given a majority of parliamentary seats in order to govern. This paved the way for the return of the Nationalist Party to government later that year.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 36799943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 187, 209 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The general elections that followed in 1987 saw the Nationalist Party achieve such a majority of votes. The new Nationalist administration of Edward Fenech Adami sought to improve Malta's ties with Western Europe and the United States.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13381915, 33800, 3434750 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 43 ], [ 198, 212 ], [ 221, 234 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Nationalist Party advocated Malta's membership in the European Union presenting an application on 16 July 1990. This became a divisive issue, with Labour opposing membership.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 297734, 404834 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 21 ], [ 151, 157 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A wide-ranging programme of liberalisation and public investments meant the confirmation in office of the Nationalists with a larger majority in the 1992 elections. In 1993, local councils were re-established in Malta.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13381824 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 163 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "General elections were held in Malta on 26 October 1996; although Labour received the most votes, the Nationalists won the most seats. The 1987 constitutional amendments had to be used for the second time, and the Labour Party was awarded an additional four seats to ensure they had a majority in Parliament.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13379498, 404834 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 55 ], [ 66, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta's EU application was subsequently frozen.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A split in the Labour Party in 1998, between the PM Sant and the former PM Mintoff (died in 2012) resulted in the government losing the majority. Notwithstanding the President of the Republic's preference for a negotiated solution, all attempts proved futile, and he had no other option but to accept Sant and his government's resignation and a call for early elections.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On being returned to office in the 1998 elections with a wide 13,000vote margin, the Nationalist Party reactivated the EU membership application. Malta was formally accepted as a candidate country at the Helsinki European Council of December1999.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 13379261, 297734 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 49 ], [ 85, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2000, capital punishment was abolished also from the military code of Malta.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 5902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "EU accession negotiations were concluded late in 2002 and a referendum on membership in 2003 saw 90.86% casting a valid vote of which 53.65% were \"yes\" votes. Labour stated that it would not be bound by this result were it returned to power in the following general election that year. In the circumstances, elections were called and the Nationalist Party, led by Prime minister Fenech Adami, won another mandate, In April 2004, Eddie Fenech Adami was sworn in as President of Malta. Lawrence Gonzi succeeded him as Prime Minister and the leader of the Nationalist Party. The accession treaty was signed and ratified and Malta joined the EU on 1May 2004. A consensus on membership was subsequently achieved with Labour saying it would respect this result. Joe Borg was appointed as first Maltese European commissioner in the first Barroso Commission.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 15972978, 404834, 297734, 8806423, 348075, 573330, 404834, 787933, 656283, 1130631 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 92 ], [ 159, 165 ], [ 338, 355 ], [ 393, 412 ], [ 464, 482 ], [ 484, 498 ], [ 712, 718 ], [ 756, 764 ], [ 796, 817 ], [ 831, 849 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Malta's accession to the European Union in 2004 had important implications for the state's foreign policy. Notably, Malta was required to withdraw from the Non-Aligned Movement of which the state had been an active member since 1971.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 68702564 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 156, 176 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the context of EU membership, Malta joined the Eurozone on 1January 2008; the 2008 election confirmed Gonzi in the premiership, while in 2009 George Abela became President of Malta.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 184391, 14510422, 17793453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 58 ], [ 81, 94 ], [ 145, 157 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 28 May 2011, the Maltese voted 'yes' in the consultative divorce referendum. At that time, Malta was one of only three countries in the world, along with the Philippines and the Vatican City, in which divorce was not permitted. As a consequence of the referendum outcome, a law allowing divorce under certain conditions was enacted in the same year.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 31348849, 23440, 32408 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 60, 78 ], [ 161, 172 ], [ 181, 193 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following a corruption scandal John Dalli had to resign and was replaced by Tonio Borg as Maltese commissioner in 2012. A snap election was called for March 2013 after the Gonzi government lost the Parliamentary majority. The Nationalist Party lost the election after having governed Malta more than 15 years since 1987 (except for a period from 1996 to 1998). Labour Party leader Joseph Muscat was elected as Prime Minister. ", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 787936, 7852297, 18801491, 1472253 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 41 ], [ 76, 86 ], [ 122, 161 ], [ 381, 394 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In April 2019, the parliament elected George Vella as the 10th President of the Republic of Malta to succeed Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 23315498, 348075, 16973920 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 50 ], [ 63, 97 ], [ 109, 135 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 16 October 2017, Maltese journalist and anti-corruption activist Daphne Caruana Galizia was assassinated in a car bomb near her residence in Bidnija. Her murder caused an uproar of criticism for the Labour government and the judicial system on the islands. Following evidence of implication between Joseph Muscat's close circle and the arrest of Yorgen Fenech, a long series of protests on the islands and international criticism precipitated the 2019–2020 political crisis. This resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Joseph Muscat, Minister Konrad Mizzi, and Prime Minister's Chief of Staff Keith Schembri. An internal election on 11January 2020 within the Maltese Labour party elected Robert Abela, son of former president George Abela, as party leader, and Prime Minister of Malta. ", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 50100, 53850446, 3722164, 62477350, 62523476, 1472253, 39120555, 50078902, 404834, 62535882 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 38 ], [ 68, 90 ], [ 144, 151 ], [ 349, 362 ], [ 450, 476 ], [ 529, 542 ], [ 553, 565 ], [ 603, 617 ], [ 669, 689 ], [ 698, 710 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 2022, the ruling Labour party, led by Prime Minister Robert Abela, won its third successive election. It gained even bigger victory than in 2013 and in 2017.", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "Independent Malta (since 1964)", "target_page_ids": [ 53931373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 109 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Culture of Malta", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 362979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " History of the Jews in Malta", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 8603042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of heads of state of Malta", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 33562492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Malta Summit", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 8660226 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 16209697 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Operation Pedestal", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 573822 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Timeline of Maltese history", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 11345754 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] } ]

[ "History_of_Malta" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the Significant Negro leagues that are sometimes termed \"Negro Major Leagues\". ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3850, 2154, 1333612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 58 ], [ 87, 103 ], [ 130, 145 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the late 19th century the baseball color line developed in professional baseball, excluding African Americans from league play. In 1885, the Cuban Giants formed the first black professional baseball team. The first league, the National Colored Base Ball League, was organized strictly as a minor league but failed in 1887 after only two weeks owing to low attendance. After several decades of mostly independent play by a variety of teams, in 1920 the first Negro National League was formed and ultimately seven major leagues existed at various times over the next thirty years. After integration, the quality of the Negro leagues slowly deteriorated and the Negro American League of 1951 is generally considered the last major league season. The last professional club, the Indianapolis Clowns, operated as a humorous sideshow rather than competitively from the mid-1960s to the 1980s.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 757798, 2154, 4424711, 7265446, 4538399, 647415, 757798, 647397, 3040457, 11384132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 48 ], [ 95, 112 ], [ 144, 156 ], [ 230, 263 ], [ 320, 324 ], [ 461, 482 ], [ 588, 599 ], [ 662, 683 ], [ 687, 691 ], [ 778, 797 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In December 2020, Major League Baseball announced that based on recent decades of historical research, it was adding to the six historical \"major league\" designations it made in 1969. It classified the seven \"major Negro leagues\" as additional major leagues, thus recognizing statistics and approximately 3,400 players who played from 1920 to 1948.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 38776 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During the formative years of black baseball, the term \"colored\" was the accepted usage when referring to African-Americans. References to black baseball prior to the 1930s are usually to \"colored\" leagues or teams, such as the Southern League of Colored Base Ballists (1886), the National Colored Base Ball League (1887) and the Eastern Colored League (1923), among others. By the 20s or 30s, the term \"Negro\" came into use which led to references to \"Negro\" leagues or teams. The black World Series was referred to as the Colored World Series from 1924 to 1927, and the Negro World Series from 1942 to 1948.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Etymology", "target_page_ids": [ 526585, 36522564, 7265446, 647405, 18855505, 647454, 647454 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 63 ], [ 228, 268 ], [ 281, 314 ], [ 330, 352 ], [ 405, 410 ], [ 525, 545 ], [ 573, 591 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People petitioned the public to recognize a capital \"N\" in negro as a matter of respect for black people. By 1930, essentially every major US outlet had adopted \"Negro\" as the accepted term for black people. By about 1970, the term \"Negro\" had fallen into disfavor, but by then the Negro leagues were mere historic artifacts.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Etymology", "target_page_ids": [ 25624937 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Because black people were not being accepted into the major and minor baseball leagues due to racism which established the color line, they formed their own teams and had made professional teams by the 1880s. The first known baseball game between two black teams was held on November 15, 1859, in New York City. The Henson Base Ball Club of Jamaica, Queens, defeated the Unknowns of Weeksville, Brooklyn, 54 to 43.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 2162835, 757798, 306906, 5827786 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 100 ], [ 123, 133 ], [ 341, 356 ], [ 383, 403 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Immediately after the end of the American Civil War in 1865 and during the Reconstruction period that followed, a black baseball scene formed in the East and Mid-Atlantic states. Comprising mainly ex-soldiers and promoted by some well-known black officers, teams such as the Jamaica Monitor Club, Albany Bachelors, Philadelphia Excelsiors and Chicago Uniques started playing each other and any other team that would play against them.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 863, 55040, 14152380 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 51 ], [ 75, 89 ], [ 297, 313 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By the end of the 1860s, the black baseball mecca was Philadelphia, which had an African-American population of 22,000. Two former cricket players, James H. Francis and Francis Wood, formed the Pythian Base Ball Club. They played in Camden, New Jersey, at the landing of the Federal Street Ferry, because it was difficult to get permits for black baseball games in the city. Octavius Catto, the promoter of the Pythians, decided to apply for membership in the National Association of Base Ball Players, normally a matter of sending delegates to the annual convention; beyond that, a formality. At the end of the 1867 season, \"the National Association of Baseball Players voted to exclude any club with a black player.\" In some ways Blackball thrived under segregation, with the few black teams of the day playing not only each other but white teams as well. \"Black teams earned the bulk of their income playing white independent 'semipro' clubs.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 50585, 25675557, 32117208, 102775, 7607649, 2686639, 5441736 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 54, 66 ], [ 131, 138 ], [ 194, 216 ], [ 233, 251 ], [ 375, 389 ], [ 460, 501 ], [ 756, 767 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Baseball featuring African American players became professionalized by the 1870s. The first known professional black baseball player was Bud Fowler, who appeared in a handful of games with a Chelsea, Massachusetts club in April 1878 and then pitched for the Lynn, Massachusetts team in the International Association.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 6262993, 116918, 116749, 5148647 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 137, 147 ], [ 191, 213 ], [ 258, 277 ], [ 290, 315 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Moses Fleetwood Walker and his brother, Welday Wilberforce Walker, were the first two black players in the major leagues. They both played for the 1884 Toledo Blue Stockings in the American Association, which was considered a major league at the time. Then in 1886 second baseman Frank Grant joined the Buffalo Bisons of the International League, the strongest minor league, and hit .340, third highest in the league. Several other black American players joined the International League the following season, including pitchers George Stovey and Robert Higgins, but 1888 was the last season blacks were permitted in that or any other high minor league.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 1461503, 11232508, 2154331, 574595, 3669999, 473061, 4680413, 7288793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 22 ], [ 40, 65 ], [ 152, 173 ], [ 181, 201 ], [ 280, 291 ], [ 303, 317 ], [ 325, 345 ], [ 528, 541 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first nationally known black professional baseball team was founded in 1885 when three clubs, the Keystone Athletics of Philadelphia, the Orions of Philadelphia, and the Manhattans of Washington, D.C., merged to form the Cuban Giants.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 4549134, 4424711 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 79 ], [ 225, 237 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The success of the Cubans led to the creation of the first recognized \"Negro league\" in 1887—the National Colored Base Ball League. It was organized strictly as a minor league and founded with six teams: Baltimore Lord Baltimores, Boston Resolutes, Louisville Fall City, New York Gorhams, Philadelphia Pythians, and Pittsburgh Keystones. Two more joined before the season but never played a game, the Cincinnati Browns and Washington Capital. The league, led by Walter S. Brown of Pittsburgh, applied for and was granted official minor league status and thus \"protection\" under the major league-led National Agreement. This move prevented any team in organized baseball from signing any of the NCBBL players, which also locked the players to their particular teams within the league. The reserve clause would have tied the players to their clubs from season to season but the NCBBL failed. One month into the season, the Resolutes folded. A week later, only three teams were left.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 7265446, 66941195, 30043720, 33864766, 42856651, 32117208, 7731102, 24391543, 64470878, 25101, 48704155 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 130 ], [ 204, 229 ], [ 231, 247 ], [ 249, 269 ], [ 271, 287 ], [ 289, 310 ], [ 316, 336 ], [ 401, 418 ], [ 423, 441 ], [ 481, 491 ], [ 599, 617 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Because the original Cuban Giants were a popular and business success, many similarly named teams came into existence—including the Cuban X-Giants, a splinter and a powerhouse around 1900; the Genuine Cuban Giants, the renamed Cuban Giants, the Columbia Giants, the Brooklyn Royal Giants, and so on. The early \"Cuban\" teams were all composed of African Americans rather than Cubans; the purpose was to increase their acceptance with white patrons as Cuba was on very friendly terms with the US during those years. Beginning in 1899 several Cuban baseball teams played in North America, including the All Cubans, the Cuban Stars (West), the Cuban Stars (East), and the New York Cubans. Some of them included white Cuban players and some were Negro leagues members.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 7264250, 1943978, 1940063, 5042481, 5802344, 11620592, 11690362, 11690437, 5190846 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 132, 146 ], [ 245, 260 ], [ 266, 287 ], [ 450, 454 ], [ 540, 560 ], [ 600, 610 ], [ 616, 634 ], [ 640, 658 ], [ 668, 683 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The few players on the white minor league teams were constantly dodging verbal and physical abuse from both competitors and fans. Then the Compromise of 1877 removed the remaining obstacles from the South's enacting the Jim Crow laws. To make matters worse, on July 14, 1887, Cap Anson's Chicago White Stockings were scheduled to play the Newark Giants of the International League, which had Fleet Walker and George Stovey on its roster. After Anson marched his team onto the field, military style as was his custom, he demanded that the blacks not play. Newark capitulated, and later that same day, league owners voted to refuse future contracts to blacks, citing the \"hazards\" imposed by such athletes.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 463052, 19481110, 213900, 11084983, 7288793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 139, 157 ], [ 220, 233 ], [ 276, 285 ], [ 288, 311 ], [ 409, 422 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1888, the Middle States League was formed and it admitted two all-black teams to its otherwise all-white league, the Cuban Giants and their arch-rivals, the New York Gorhams. Despite the animosity between the two clubs, they managed to form a traveling team, the Colored All Americans. This enabled them to make money barnstorming while fulfilling their league obligations. In 1890, the Giants returned to their independent, barnstorming identity, and by 1892, they were the only black team in the East still in operation on a full-time basis.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 44881383, 42856651, 13603370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 33 ], [ 160, 176 ], [ 321, 333 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Also in 1888, Frank Leland got some of Chicago's black businessmen to sponsor the black amateur Union Base Ball Club. Through Chicago's city government, Leland obtained a permit and lease to play at the South Side Park, a 5,000 seat facility. Eventually his team went pro and became the Chicago Unions.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 8289956, 770788, 1944277 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 26 ], [ 203, 218 ], [ 287, 301 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After his stint with the Gorhams, Bud Fowler caught on with a team out of Findlay, Ohio. While his team was playing in Adrian, Michigan, Fowler was persuaded by two white local businessmen, L. W. Hoch and Rolla Taylor to help them start a team financed by the Page Woven Wire Fence Company, the Page Fence Giants. The Page Fence Giants went on to become a powerhouse team that had no home field. Barnstorming through the Midwest, they would play all comers. Their success became the prototype for black baseball for years to come.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 129392, 117932, 7264542 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 74, 87 ], [ 119, 135 ], [ 295, 312 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the 1898 season, the Page Fence Giants were forced to fold because of finances. Alvin H. Garrett, a black businessman in Chicago, and John W. Patterson, the left fielder for the Page Fence Giants, reformed the team under the name of the Columbia Giants. In 1901 the Giants folded because of a lack of a place to play. Leland bought the Giants in 1905 and merged it with his Unions (despite the fact that not a single Giant player ended up on the roster), and named them the Leland Giants.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 24913996, 583341, 1943978, 8289598 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 140, 157 ], [ 163, 175 ], [ 243, 258 ], [ 480, 493 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Philadelphia Giants, owned by Walter Schlichter, a white businessman, rose to prominence in 1903 when they lost to the Cuban X-Giants in their version of the \"Colored Championship\". Leading the way for the Cubans was a young pitcher by the name of Andrew \"Rube\" Foster. The following season, Schlichter, in the finest blackball tradition, hired Foster away from the Cubans and beat them in their 1904 rematch. Philadelphia remained on top of the blackball world until Foster left the team in 1907 to play and manage the Leland Giants (Frank Leland renamed his Chicago Union Giants the Leland Giants in 1905).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 7694926, 36097594, 26415, 8289598 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 23 ], [ 34, 51 ], [ 252, 272 ], [ 524, 537 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Around the same time, Nat Strong, a white businessman, started using his ownership of baseball fields in the New York City area to become the leading promoter of blackball on the East coast. Just about any game played in New York, Strong would get a cut. Strong eventually used his leverage to almost put the Brooklyn Royal Giants out of business, and then he bought the club and turned it into a barnstorming team.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 35810335, 1940063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 32 ], [ 309, 330 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Foster joined the Leland Giants, he demanded that he be put in charge of not only the on-field activities but the bookings as well. Foster immediately turned the Giants into the team to beat. He indoctrinated them to take the extra base, to play hit and run on nearly every pitch, and to rattle the opposing pitcher by taking them deep into the count. He studied the mechanics of his pitchers and could spot the smallest flaw, turning his average pitchers into learned craftsmen. Foster also was able to turn around the business end of the team as well, by demanding and getting 40 percent of the gate instead of the 10 percent that Frank Leland was getting.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "By the end of the 1909, Foster demanded that Leland step back from all baseball operations or he (Foster) would leave. When Leland would not give up complete control, Foster quit, and in a heated court battle, got to keep the rights to the Leland Giants' name. Leland took the players and started a new team named the Chicago Giants, while Foster took the Leland Giants and started to encroach on Nat Strong's territory.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "As early as 1910, Foster started talking about reviving the concept of an all-black league. The one thing he was insistent upon was that black teams should be owned by black men. This put him in direct competition with Strong. After 1910, Foster renamed his team the Chicago American Giants to appeal to a larger fan base. During the same year, J. L. Wilkinson started the All Nations traveling team. The All Nations team would eventually become one of the best-known and popular teams of the Negro leagues, the Kansas City Monarchs.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 1897866, 2623639, 9745516, 648088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 267, 290 ], [ 345, 360 ], [ 373, 384 ], [ 512, 532 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On April 6, 1917, the United States entered World War I. Manpower needed by the defense plants and industry accelerated the migration of blacks from the South to the North. This meant a larger and more affluent fan base with more money to spend. By the end of the war in 1919, Foster was again ready to start a Negro baseball league.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On February 13 and 14, 1920, talks were held in Kansas City, Missouri that established the Negro National League and its governing body the National Association of Colored Professional Base Ball Clubs. The league was initially composed of eight teams: Chicago American Giants, Chicago Giants, Cuban Stars, Dayton Marcos, Detroit Stars, Indianapolis ABC's, Kansas City Monarchs and St. Louis Giants. Foster was named league president and controlled every aspect of the league, including which players played on which teams, when and where teams played, and what equipment was used (all of which had to be purchased from Foster). Foster, as booking agent of the league, took a five percent cut of all gate receipts.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 17454, 647415, 1897866, 1940368, 3670313, 1039904, 5201995, 648088, 5042250 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 69 ], [ 91, 112 ], [ 252, 275 ], [ 277, 291 ], [ 306, 319 ], [ 321, 334 ], [ 336, 354 ], [ 356, 376 ], [ 381, 397 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On May 2, 1920, the Indianapolis ABCs beat Charles \"Joe\" Green's Chicago Giants (4–2) in the first game played in the inaugural season of the Negro National League, played at Washington Park in Indianapolis. But, because of the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, the National Guard still occupied the Giants' home field, Schorling's Park (formerly South Side Park). This forced Foster to cancel all the Giants' home games for almost a month and threatened to become a huge embarrassment for the league. On March 2, 1920, the Negro Southern League was founded in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1921, the Negro Southern League joined Foster's National Association of Colored Professional Base Ball Clubs. As a dues-paying member of the association, it received the same protection from raiding parties as any team in the Negro National League.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 8665012, 770788, 24365869 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 229, 254 ], [ 314, 330 ], [ 586, 607 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Foster then admitted John Connors' Atlantic City Bacharach Giants as an associate member to move further into Nat Strong's territory. Connors, wanting to return the favor of helping him against Strong, raided Ed Bolden's Hilldale Daisies team. Bolden saw little choice but to team up with Foster's nemesis, Nat Strong. Within days of calling a truce with Strong, Bolden made an about-face and signed up as an associate member of Foster's Negro National League.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 1933697, 35810335, 24922804, 4978626 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 65 ], [ 110, 120 ], [ 209, 218 ], [ 221, 237 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On December 16, 1922, Bolden once again shifted sides and, with Strong, formed the Eastern Colored League as an alternative to Foster's Negro National League, which started with six teams: Atlantic City Bacharach Giants, Baltimore Black Sox, Brooklyn Royal Giants, New York Cuban Stars, Hilldale, and New York Lincoln Giants. The National League was having trouble maintaining continuity among its franchises: three teams folded and had to be replaced after the 1921 season, two others after the 1922 season, and two more after the 1923 season. Foster replaced the defunct teams, sometimes promoting whole teams from the Negro Southern League into the NNL. Finally Foster and Bolden met and agreed to an annual World Series beginning in 1924.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 1930287, 5014773, 647454, 12092675 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 221, 240 ], [ 301, 324 ], [ 711, 723 ], [ 737, 741 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1925 saw the St. Louis Stars come of age in the Negro National League. They finished in second place during the second half of the year due in large part to their pitcher turned center fielder, Cool Papa Bell, and their shortstop, Willie Wells. A gas leak in his home nearly asphyxiated Rube Foster in 1926, and his increasingly erratic behavior led to him being committed to an asylum a year later. While Foster was out of the picture, the owners of the National League elected William C. Hueston as new league president. In 1927, Ed Bolden suffered a similar fate as Foster, by committing himself to a hospital because the pressure was too great. The Eastern League folded shortly after that, marking the end of the World Series between the NNL and the ECL.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 5042250, 284756, 697457 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 28 ], [ 194, 208 ], [ 231, 243 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the Eastern League folded following the 1927 season, a new eastern league, the American Negro League, was formed to replace it. The makeup of the new ANL was nearly the same as the Eastern League, the exception being that the Homestead Grays joined in place of the now-defunct Brooklyn Royal Giants. The ANL lasted just one season. In the face of harder economic times, the Negro National League folded after the 1931 season. Some of its teams joined the only Negro league then left, the Negro Southern League.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 648070, 648069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 85, 106 ], [ 232, 247 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On March 26, 1932, the Chicago Defender announced the end of Negro National League.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 47778629 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Just as Negro league baseball seemed to be at its lowest point and was about to fade into history, along came Cumberland Posey and his Homestead Grays. Posey, Charlie Walker, John Roesnik, George Rossiter, John Drew, Lloyd Thompson, and L.R. Williams got together in January 1932 and founded the East-West League. Eight cities were included in the new league: \"Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Detroit, Baltimore, Cleveland, Newark, New York, and Washington, D.C.\". By May 1932, the Detroit Wolves were about to collapse, and instead of letting the team go, Posey kept pumping money into it. By June the Wolves had disintegrated and all the rest of the teams, except for the Grays, were beyond help, so Posey had to terminate the league.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 2631352, 23295227 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 110, 126 ], [ 296, 312 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Across town from Posey, Gus Greenlee, a reputed gangster and numbers runner, had just purchased the Pittsburgh Crawfords. Greenlee's main interest in baseball was to use it as a way to launder money from his numbers games. But, after learning about Posey's money-making machine in Homestead, he became obsessed with the sport and his Crawfords. On August 6, 1931, Satchel Paige made his first appearance as a Crawford. With Paige on his team, Greenlee took a huge risk by investing $100,000 in a new ballpark to be called Greenlee Field. On opening day, April 30, 1932, the pitcher-catcher battery was made up of the two most marketable icons in all of black baseball: Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 2895117, 1624904, 517866, 19390, 131123, 28630, 2895195, 465558 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 36 ], [ 61, 75 ], [ 100, 120 ], [ 185, 198 ], [ 281, 290 ], [ 364, 377 ], [ 522, 536 ], [ 687, 698 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1933, Greenlee, riding the popularity of his Crawfords, became the next man to start a Negro league. In February 1933, Greenlee and delegates from six other teams met at Greenlee's Crawford Grill to ratify the constitution of the National Organization of Professional Baseball Clubs. The name of the new league was the same as the old league Negro National League which had disbanded a year earlier in 1932. The members of the new league were the Pittsburgh Crawfords, Columbus Blue Birds, Indianapolis ABCs, Baltimore Black Sox, Brooklyn Royal Giants, Cole's American Giants (formerly the Chicago American Giants) and Nashville Elite Giants. Greenlee also came up with the idea to duplicate the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, except, unlike the big league method in which the sportswriters chose the players, the fans voted for the participants. The first game, known as the East-West All-Star Game, was held September 10, 1933, at Comiskey Park in Chicago before a crowd of 20,000.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 647431, 2299505, 1897866, 270784, 2299376, 548086 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 345, 366 ], [ 472, 491 ], [ 593, 616 ], [ 699, 734 ], [ 885, 908 ], [ 942, 955 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States was thrust into World War II. Remembering World War I, black America vowed it would not be shut out of the beneficial effects of a major war effort: economic boom and social unification.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 60098 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Just like the major leagues, the Negro leagues saw many stars miss one or more seasons while fighting overseas. While many players were over 30 and considered \"too old\" for service, Monte Irvin, Larry Doby and Leon Day of Newark; Ford Smith, Hank Thompson, Joe Greene, Willard Brown and Buck O'Neil of Kansas City; Lyman Bostock of Birmingham; and Lick Carlisle and Howard Easterling of Homestead all served. But the white majors were barely recognizable, while the Negro leagues reached their highest plateau. Millions of black Americans were working in war industries and, making good money, they packed league games in every city. Business was so good that promoter Abe Saperstein (famous for the Harlem Globetrotters) started a new circuit, the Negro Midwest League, a minor league similar to the Negro Southern League. The Negro World Series was revived in 1942, this time pitting the winners of the eastern Negro National League and midwestern Negro American League. It continued through 1948 with the NNL winning four championships and the NAL three.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 627080, 249329, 339229, 648101, 65383791, 633249, 36156117, 699554, 1732412, 648088, 23097104, 1929232, 54072629, 36103731, 648069, 395172, 255589, 647454, 647431, 647397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 182, 193 ], [ 195, 205 ], [ 210, 218 ], [ 222, 228 ], [ 230, 240 ], [ 242, 255 ], [ 257, 267 ], [ 269, 282 ], [ 287, 298 ], [ 302, 313 ], [ 315, 328 ], [ 332, 342 ], [ 348, 361 ], [ 366, 383 ], [ 387, 396 ], [ 669, 683 ], [ 700, 720 ], [ 828, 846 ], [ 913, 934 ], [ 950, 971 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1946, Saperstein partnered with Jesse Owens to form another Negro league, the West Coast Baseball Association (WCBA); Saperstein was league president and Owens was vice-president and the owner of the league's Portland (Oregon) Rosebuds franchise. The WCBA disbanded after only two months.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 46827, 35509678, 36597122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 35, 46 ], [ 81, 112 ], [ 212, 238 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Judge Kenesaw M. Landis, the first Commissioner of Major League Baseball, was an intractable opponent of integrating the white majors. During his quarter-century tenure, he blocked all attempts at integrating the game. A popular story has it that in , Bill Veeck planned to buy the moribund Philadelphia Phillies and stock them with Negro league stars. However, when Landis got wind of his plans, he and National League president Ford Frick scuttled it in favor of another bid by William D. Cox.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 16812, 304101, 666087, 23741, 303804, 17609764 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 23 ], [ 35, 72 ], [ 252, 262 ], [ 291, 312 ], [ 430, 440 ], [ 480, 494 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After Landis's death in 1944, Happy Chandler was named his successor. Chandler was open to integrating the game, even at the risk of losing his job as Commissioner. He later said in his biography that he could not, in good conscience, tell black players they couldn't play baseball with whites when they'd fought for their country.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 304107 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 1945, the white majors created the Major League Committee on Baseball Integration. Its members included Joseph P. Rainey, Larry MacPhail and Branch Rickey. Because MacPhail, who was an outspoken critic of integration, kept stalling, the committee never met. Under the guise of starting an all-black league, Rickey sent scouts all around the United States, Mexico and Puerto Rico, looking for the perfect candidate to break the color line. His list was eventually narrowed down to three: Roy Campanella, Don Newcombe and Jackie Robinson.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 1477520, 426353, 23041, 77393, 629570, 16193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 131, 145 ], [ 150, 163 ], [ 376, 387 ], [ 496, 510 ], [ 512, 524 ], [ 529, 544 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On August 28, 1945, Jackie Robinson met with Rickey in Brooklyn, where Rickey gave Robinson a \"test\" by berating him and shouting racial epithets that Robinson would hear from day one in the white game. Having passed the test, Robinson signed the contract which stipulated that from then on, Robinson had no \"written or moral obligations\" to any other club. By the inclusion of this clause, precedent was set that would raze the Negro leagues as a functional commercial enterprise.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "To throw off the press and keep his intentions hidden, Rickey got heavily involved in Gus Greenlee's newest foray into black baseball, the United States League. Greenlee started the league in 1945 as a way to get back at the owners of the Negro National League teams for throwing him out. Rickey saw the opportunity as a way to convince people that he was interested in cleaning up blackball, not integrating it. In midsummer 1945, Rickey, almost ready with his Robinson plan, pulled out of the league. The league folded after the end of the 1946 season.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 2895117, 62369302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 98 ], [ 139, 159 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Pressured by civil rights groups, the Fair Employment Practices Act was passed by the New York State Legislature in 1945. This followed the passing of the Quinn-Ives Act banning discrimination in hiring. At the same time, NYC Mayor La Guardia formed the Mayor's Commission on Baseball to study integration of the major leagues. All this led to Rickey announcing the signing of Robinson much earlier than he would have liked. On October 23, 1945, Montreal Royals president Hector Racine announced that, \"We are signing this boy.\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 426458, 206327, 11418, 1031262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 86, 112 ], [ 222, 231 ], [ 232, 242 ], [ 446, 461 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Early in 1946, Rickey signed four more black players, Campanella, Newcombe, John Wright and Roy Partlow, this time with much less fanfare. After the integration of the major leagues in 1947, marked by the appearance of Jackie Robinson with the Brooklyn Dodgers that April, interest in Negro league baseball waned. Black players who were regarded as prospects were signed by major league teams, often without regard for any contracts that might have been signed with Negro league clubs. Negro league owners who complained about this practice were in a no-win situation: They could not protect their own interests without seeming to interfere with the advancement of players to the majors. By 1948, the Dodgers, along with Veeck's Cleveland Indians, had integrated.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 22621403, 36101550, 16193, 25036634, 1119090, 6652 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 87 ], [ 92, 103 ], [ 219, 234 ], [ 244, 260 ], [ 551, 567 ], [ 729, 746 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Negro leagues also \"integrated\" around the same time, as Eddie Klep pitched for the Cleveland Buckeyes during the 1946 season, becoming the first white American to play in the Negro leagues.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 5093590, 1943720 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 71 ], [ 88, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "These moves came despite strong opposition from the owners; Rickey was the only one of the 16 owners to support integrating the sport in January 1947. Chandler's decision to overrule them may have been a factor in his ouster in 1951 in favor of Ford Frick.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 303804 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 245, 255 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Some proposals were floated to bring the Negro leagues into \"organized baseball\" as developmental leagues for black players, but that was recognized as contrary to the goal of full integration. So the Negro leagues, once among the largest and most prosperous black-owned business ventures, were allowed to fade into oblivion.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "First a trickle and then a flood of players signed with Major League Baseball teams. Most signed minor league contracts and many languished, shuttled from one bush league team to another despite their success at that level.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Negro National League folded after the 1948 season when the Grays withdrew to resume barnstorming, the Newark Eagles moved from New Jersey to Houston, Texas, and the New York Black Yankees folded. The Grays folded one year later after losing $30,000 in the barnstorming effort. So the Negro American League was the only \"major\" Negro league operating in 1949. Within two years it had been reduced to minor league caliber and it played its last game in 1958.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 648101, 21648, 13774, 2299834 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 107, 120 ], [ 132, 142 ], [ 146, 160 ], [ 170, 192 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The last All-Star game was held in 1962, and by 1966 the Indianapolis Clowns were the last Negro league team still playing. The Clowns continued to play exhibition games into the 1980s, but as a humorous sideshow rather than a competitive sport.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "History of the Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 11384132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While organized leagues were common in black baseball, there were only seven leagues that are considered to be of the top quality of play at the time of their existence. None materialized prior to 1920 and by 1950, due to integration, they were in decline. Even though teams were league members, most still continued to barnstorm and play non-league games against local or semi-pro teams. Those games, sometimes approaching 100 per season, did not count in the official standings or statistics. However, some teams were considered \"associate\" teams and games played against them did count, but an associate team held no place in the league standings.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro National League (I), 1920–1931.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 647415 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eastern Colored League, 1923–1928.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 647405 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " American Negro League, 1929; was created from some of the ECL teams but lasted just one season.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 648070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " East–West League, 1932; ceased operations midway through the season.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 23295227 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Southern League, 1932; incorporated some teams from the NNL(I) and functioned for one year as a major league, was otherwise a minor league that played from 1920 into the 1940s.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 24365869 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro National League (II), 1933–1948.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 647431 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro American League, 1937–1960 or so; after 1950, the league and its teams operated after a fashion, mostly as barnstorming units, but historians have a hard time deciding when the league actually came to an end.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 647397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The NNL(I) and ECL champions met in a World Series, usually referred to as the \"Colored World Series\", from 1924 to 1927 (1924, 1925, 1926, 1927).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 12092675, 38183595, 38183972, 38183991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 122, 126 ], [ 128, 132 ], [ 134, 138 ], [ 140, 144 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The NNL(II) and NAL also met in a World Series, usually referred to as the \"Negro World Series\" from 1942 to 1948 (1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 6466963, 38183626, 38183699, 38183716, 38183828, 38183840, 38183884 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 115, 119 ], [ 121, 125 ], [ 127, 131 ], [ 133, 137 ], [ 139, 143 ], [ 145, 149 ], [ 151, 155 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Five of those years with a World Series at the end also saw a \"Championship Series\" played to determine the pennant winner that went to the Series. In years without a World Series, leagues would either award a championship to the team that had the best record/percentage at the end of the year or had a \"Championship Series\" to determine the winner between first half and second half champions. Eleven seasons exist with a postseason series held to determine a pennant winner, although one (1936) was not completed.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Early professional leagues cannot be called major or minor. Until the twentieth century, not one completed even half of its planned season. Two leagues can be considered the prototypes for Negro league baseball:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Southern League of Colored Base Ballists, 1886", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 36522564 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "National Colored Baseball League, 1887", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 7265446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Eventually, some teams were able to survive and even profit by barnstorming small towns and playing local semi-pro teams as well as league games. Two important leagues of this era are:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 13603370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 63, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "International League of Independent Professional Base Ball Clubs, 1906.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 42733256 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs of the United States and Cuba, 1907–1909.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 42722120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Early Negro leagues were unable to attract and retain top talent due to financial, logistical and contractual difficulties. Some early dominant teams did not join a league since they could pull in larger profits independently. The early leagues were specifically structured as minor leagues. With the integration of Organized Baseball, beginning 1946, all leagues simply lost elite players to white leagues, and historians do not consider any Negro league \"major\" after 1950.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 757798 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 301, 334 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A number of leagues from the major-league era (post-1900) are recognized as Negro minor leagues. A rule of thumb was leagues in the north were major while leagues in the south were minor, due mainly to population and economic disparities. Below are some of the better-documented leagues:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 38776, 509638, 179553 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 41 ], [ 132, 137 ], [ 170, 175 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Texas Colored League/Texas–Oklahoma–Louisiana League/Texas–Louisiana Negro League, 1919–1931", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 46529993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Southern League (I), 1920–1936 – considered a de facto major league in 1932 because it was the only league to play a full season schedule due to the Great Depression", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 24365869, 19283335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 156, 172 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Southeastern League, 1921", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Interstate League, 1926 and 1940 (mixed-race league)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 5518413 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tri State League, 1935", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro American Association, 1939 and 1948–1949", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 59975606 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Major League, 1942", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 64563040 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By default, leagues established after integration are considered minor league, as is the one of two 1940s majors that continued after 1950. Also at this time, leagues began to appear in the west, just as in other sports, due to the post-War boom and improved transportation modes. Below are some of the better-documented leagues:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 179578, 24854552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 190, 194 ], [ 232, 245 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Southern League (II), 1945–1951", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 53600948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " United States League, 1945–1946", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 62369302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " West Coast Negro Baseball Association, 1946", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 35509678 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " East Texas Negro League, 1946", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 46387793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Texas League, 1949", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 46530980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro American League, 1951–1960 – considered a major league from 1937 until integration diminished the quality of play around 1950/51", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 647397 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arkansas–Louisiana–Texas League, 1951", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [ 46386832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eastern Negro League, 1954", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro National Baseball Association, 1954", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Major Negro leagues", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In his Baseball Hall of Fame induction speech in 1966, Ted Williams made a strong plea for inclusion of Negro league stars in the Hall. After the publication of Robert Peterson's landmark book Only the Ball was White in 1970, the Hall of Fame found itself under renewed pressure to find a way to honor Negro league players who would have been in the Hall had they not been barred from the major leagues due to the color of their skin.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 4078, 31496, 17762073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 28 ], [ 55, 67 ], [ 161, 176 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At first, the Hall of Fame planned a \"separate but equal\" display, which would be similar to the Ford C. Frick Award for baseball commentators, in that this plan meant that the Negro league honorees would not be considered members of the Hall of Fame. This plan was criticized by the press, the fans and the players it was intended to honor, and Satchel Paige himself insisted that he would not accept anything less than full-fledged induction into the Hall of Fame. The Hall relented and agreed to admit Negro league players on an equal basis with their Major League counterparts in 1971. A special Negro league committee selected Satchel Paige in 1971, followed by (in alphabetical order) Cool Papa Bell, Oscar Charleston, Martín Dihigo, Josh Gibson, Monte Irvin, Judy Johnson, Buck Leonard and John Henry Lloyd. Of the nine players selected, only Irvin and Paige spent any time in the integrated major leagues. The Veterans Committee later selected Ray Dandridge, as well as choosing Rube Foster on the basis of meritorious service.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 521153, 28630, 284756, 300808, 696656, 465558, 627080, 696764, 696886, 695562, 697281, 26415 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 116 ], [ 632, 645 ], [ 691, 705 ], [ 707, 723 ], [ 725, 738 ], [ 740, 751 ], [ 753, 764 ], [ 766, 778 ], [ 780, 792 ], [ 797, 813 ], [ 952, 965 ], [ 987, 998 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Other members of the Hall who played in both the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball are Hank Aaron, Ernie Banks, Roy Campanella, Larry Doby, Willie Mays, and Jackie Robinson. Except for Doby, their play in the Negro leagues was a minor factor in their selection: Aaron, Banks, and Mays played in Negro leagues only briefly and after the leagues had declined with the migration of many black players to the integrated minor leagues; Campanella (1969) and Robinson (1962) were selected before the Hall began considering performance in the Negro leagues.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 14321, 355517, 77393, 249329, 62512, 16193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 93, 103 ], [ 105, 116 ], [ 118, 132 ], [ 134, 144 ], [ 146, 157 ], [ 163, 178 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 1995 to 2001, the Hall made a renewed effort to honor luminaries from the Negro leagues, one each year. There were seven selections: Leon Day, Bill Foster, Bullet Rogan, Hilton Smith, Turkey Stearnes, Willie Wells, and Smokey Joe Williams.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 339229, 586219, 697684, 697859, 695717, 697457, 498190 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 138, 146 ], [ 148, 159 ], [ 161, 173 ], [ 175, 187 ], [ 189, 204 ], [ 206, 218 ], [ 224, 243 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In February 2006, a committee of twelve baseball historians elected 17 more people from black baseball to the National Baseball Hall of Fame, twelve players and five executives.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro league players (7) Ray Brown; Willard Brown; Andy Cooper; Biz Mackey; Mule Suttles; Cristóbal Torriente; Jud Wilson", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 3669706, 699554, 3959071, 3424474, 3666332, 2623774, 1328914 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 26, 35 ], [ 37, 50 ], [ 52, 63 ], [ 65, 75 ], [ 77, 89 ], [ 91, 110 ], [ 112, 122 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pre-Negro league players (5) Frank Grant; Pete Hill; José Méndez; Louis Santop; Ben Taylor", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 3669999, 2644369, 3835503, 3646167, 2631240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 42 ], [ 44, 53 ], [ 55, 66 ], [ 68, 80 ], [ 82, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro league executives (4) Effa Manley; Alex Pompez; Cum Posey; J. L. Wilkinson", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 4030583, 4109002, 2631352, 2623639 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 41 ], [ 43, 54 ], [ 56, 65 ], [ 67, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pre-Negro league executive, manager, player, and historian (1) Sol White", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 7576487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Effa Manley, co-owner (with her husband Abe Manley) and business manager of the Newark Eagles club in the Negro National League, is the first woman elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 4030583, 23830916, 647431 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 40, 50 ], [ 106, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The committee reviewed the careers of 29 Negro league and 10 Pre-Negro league candidates. The list of 39 had been pared from a roster of 94 candidates by a five-member screening committee in November, 2005. The voting committee was chaired by Fay Vincent, Major League Baseball's eighth Commissioner and an Honorary Director of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "The Negro leagues and the Hall of Fame", "target_page_ids": [ 303091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 243, 254 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hank Aaron was the last Negro league player to hold a regular position in Major League Baseball.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Last Negro leaguers", "target_page_ids": [ 14321 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Minnie Miñoso was the last Negro league player to play in a Major League game when he appeared in two games for the Chicago White Sox in 1980.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Last Negro leaguers", "target_page_ids": [ 568237 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Buck O'Neil was the most recent former Negro league player to appear in a professional game when he made two appearances (one for each team) in the Northern League All-Star Game in 2006.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Last Negro leaguers", "target_page_ids": [ 1732412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On June 5, 2008, Major League Baseball held a special draft of the surviving Negro league players to acknowledge and rectify their exclusion from the major leagues on the basis of race. The idea of the special draft was conceived by Hall of Famer Dave Winfield. Each major league team drafted one player from the Negro leagues. Bobo Henderson, Joe B. Scott, Mule Miles, Lefty Bell, James \"Red\" Moore, Mack \"The Knife\" Pride and his brother Charley Pride (who went on to a legendary career in country music), were among the players selected. Also drafted, by the New York Yankees, was Emilio Navarro, who, at 102 years of age at the time of the draft, was believed to be the oldest living professional ballplayer.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "2008 Major League draft", "target_page_ids": [ 38776, 102799, 59783401, 14245602, 23122496, 59942746, 19844348, 60139571, 493830, 5247, 4848143, 933866 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 38 ], [ 247, 260 ], [ 328, 342 ], [ 344, 356 ], [ 358, 368 ], [ 370, 380 ], [ 382, 399 ], [ 401, 423 ], [ 440, 453 ], [ 492, 505 ], [ 562, 578 ], [ 584, 598 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum is located in the 18th and Vine District in Kansas City, Missouri.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Museum", "target_page_ids": [ 2301433, 23921095, 17454 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 33 ], [ 52, 74 ], [ 78, 99 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On July 17, 2010, the U.S. Postal Service issued a se-tenant pair of 44-cent U.S. commemorative postage stamps, to honor the all-black professional baseball leagues that operated from 1920 to about 1960. The stamps were formally issued at the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, during the celebration of the museum's twentieth anniversary. One of the stamps depicts Rube Foster.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Museum", "target_page_ids": [ 50591, 55317, 29807895, 318418, 25126, 2301433, 26415 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 41 ], [ 42, 48 ], [ 51, 60 ], [ 82, 95 ], [ 96, 109 ], [ 243, 272 ], [ 362, 373 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " East–West All-Star Game", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2299376 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of first black Major League Baseball players", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1073579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Negro league baseball players", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 753002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of Negro league baseball teams", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 69388412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Negro World Series", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 647454 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Leagues Baseball Museum", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2301433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame (including \"The Negro Leagues\" wing)", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 499316 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Soul of Baseball, 2007 book by Joe Posnanski", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 39310803 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Toni Stone, Mamie Johnson, Connie Morgan (the only women to play in the leagues)", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 5360408, 5360491, 5360466 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ], [ 28, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Histories and encyclopedias", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " 1992 winner of CASEY Award for best baseball book.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 18618538 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 2008 winner of CASEY Award for best baseball book.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 18618538 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Biographies and autobiographies", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Josh Gibson: The Power and the Darkness. Mark Ribowsky. Biography.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Josh and Satch by John Holway. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Don't Look Back: Satchel Paige in the Shadows of the Game. Mark Ribowsky. Biography.", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Maybe I'll Pitch Forever by Satchel Paige. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "I Was Right On Time by Buck O'Neil. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [ 1732412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Blackball Stars, as told to John Holway; a collection of first-person accounts of the Negro leagues by the men who played in them. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Some Are Called Clowns by Bill Heward & Dimitri Gat (1974). The first white player with the Indianapolis Clowns tells of his 1973 season of barnstorming. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Ruling Over Monarchs, Giants & Stars: Umpiring in the Negro Leagues & Beyond, by Bob Motley. First-hand account of umpiring in the dying days of Negro league ball. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "20 Years Too Soon, by Quincy Trouppe. Memoir of a longtime Negro League player and manager, who played briefly as a 39-year-old rookie for the Cleveland Indians in 1952. Privately published, 1977; reprinted 1995. .", "section_idx": 11, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Black Baseball's Negro Baseball Leagues", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro League Baseball Players Association", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro Leagues Baseball Museum web site", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Center for Negro League Baseball Research", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Negro League Baseball Project (3 interviews) via Western Historical Manuscript Collection – University of Missouri-St. Louis", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " St. Louis Negro League Ballplayers", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " For Negro Leagues Players, A Final Recognition, The New York Times, 30 June 2010", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Black Diamonds: An Oral History of the Negro Leagues (six audio programs)", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Negro_league_baseball", "History_of_baseball_in_the_United_States", "Defunct_baseball_leagues", "African-American_cultural_history", "African-American_sports_history" ]

[ "Negro Leagues", "Negro American League", "Negro National League" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Charles XV also Carl (Carl Ludvig Eugen); Swedish: Karl XV and Norwegian: Karl IV (3 May 1826 – 18 September 1872) was King of Sweden (Charles XV) and Norway, there often referred to accurately as Charles IV, from 1859 until his death in 1872. Though known as King Charles XV in Sweden (and also on contemporary Norwegian coins), he was actually the ninth Swedish king by that name, as his predecessor Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted a numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden. Charles XV was the third Swedish monarch from the House of Bernadotte and the first one to be born in Sweden.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 26689, 21704, 170174, 66051, 70026, 156365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 42, 49 ], [ 63, 72 ], [ 119, 133 ], [ 151, 157 ], [ 402, 412 ], [ 550, 569 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He was born in Stockholm Palace, Stockholm, in 1826 and dubbed Duke of Scania at birth. Born the eldest son of Crown Prince Oscar of Sweden and his wife Crown Princess Josephine, he would be second in line to the throne of his grandfather, the ruling King Charles XIV John of Sweden. During his childhood he was placed in the care of the royal governess countess Christina Ulrika Taube. When he was just 15, he was given his first officer's commission in 1841 by his grandfather the king.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 322922, 26741, 16749103, 38746, 1086295, 38585 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 31 ], [ 33, 42 ], [ 63, 77 ], [ 111, 139 ], [ 153, 177 ], [ 256, 282 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The aging King Charles XIV John would suffer a stroke on his 81st birthday in 1844, dying little more than a month later. His successor would be his son, Charles's father Oscar, who ascended the throne as King Oscar I of Sweden. Upon his father's accession to the throne in 1844, the youth Charles was made a chancellor of the universities of Uppsala and Lund, and in 1853 chancellor of Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. On 11 February 1846 he was made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 31801, 17843, 210881, 210815 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 343, 350 ], [ 355, 359 ], [ 387, 416 ], [ 476, 509 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Crown Prince was Viceroy of Norway briefly in 1856 and 1857. He became Regent on 25 September 1857, and king on the death of his father on 8 July 1859. As grandson of Augusta of Bavaria, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden, whose Vasa blood returned to the throne after being lost in 1818 when Charles XIII of Sweden died.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 160261, 13520373, 49109, 70026, 104784 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 38 ], [ 171, 189 ], [ 214, 232 ], [ 237, 257 ], [ 329, 351 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On 19 June 1850 he married in Stockholm Louise of the Netherlands, niece of William II of the Netherlands through her father and niece of William I of Prussia, German Emperor, through her mother. The couple were personally quite dissimilar; Louise was a cultured and refined woman, however, she was considered to be quite plain and Charles was disappointed with her appearance. Louise was in love with her husband, whereas he preferred other women, saddening her deeply. His well-known mistresses included the actress Laura Bergnéhr, the countess Josephine Sparre, Wilhelmine Schröder and the actresses Hanna Styrell and Elise Hwasser, and the Crown Prince neglected his shy wife. On the other hand, his relationship to his only daughter, Louise, was warm and close.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1006129, 23491043, 7819909, 151112, 12674, 13550482, 57799943, 23135566, 28346530, 16863360, 12498235, 1678987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 65 ], [ 76, 105 ], [ 114, 124 ], [ 138, 158 ], [ 160, 174 ], [ 184, 194 ], [ 525, 539 ], [ 554, 570 ], [ 572, 591 ], [ 610, 623 ], [ 628, 641 ], [ 746, 752 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As Crown Prince, Charles's brusque manner led many to regard his future accession with some apprehension, yet he proved to be one of the most popular of Scandinavian kings and a constitutional ruler in the best sense of the word. His reign was remarkable for its manifold and far-reaching reforms. Sweden's existing municipal law (1862), ecclesiastical law (1863) and criminal law (1864) were enacted appropriately enough under the direction of a king whose motto was: Land skall med lag byggas – \"With law shall the land be built\". Charles also helped Louis De Geer to carry through his reform of the Parliament of Sweden in 1866. He also declared the freedom of women by passing the law of legal majority for unmarried women in 1858 – his sister Princess Eugenie became the first woman who was declared mature.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 202536, 158651, 862311, 17055839 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 553, 566 ], [ 602, 622 ], [ 692, 706 ], [ 748, 764 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Charles, like his father Oscar I, was an advocate of Scandinavianism and the political solidarity of the three northern kingdoms, and his friendship with Frederick VII of Denmark, it is said, led him to give half promises of help to Denmark on the eve of the war of 1864, which, in the circumstances, were perhaps misleading and unjustifiable. In view, however, of the unpreparedness of the Swedish army and the difficulties of the situation, Charles was forced to observe a strict neutrality. He died in Malmö on 18 September 1872.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 1230529, 171789, 554236, 19021 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 68 ], [ 154, 178 ], [ 259, 270 ], [ 505, 510 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Charles XV attained some eminence as a painter and as a poet. He was followed on the thrones of both Norway and Sweden by his brother Oscar II.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1872, Charles XV had controversial plans to enter a non-morganatic marriage with the Polish countess Marya Krasińska through the assistance of Ohan Demirgian, plans that aroused opposition both in the royal house and government and which were interrupted only by his death.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Biography", "target_page_ids": [ 44704741, 44699248 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 104, 119 ], [ 146, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By his wife, Louise of the Netherlands, Charles had two children, a son who died in infancy and a daughter who married the King of Denmark. The early death of his only legitimate son meant that he was succeeded on the throne of Sweden by his younger brother Oscar II.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Issue", "target_page_ids": [ 1006129 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Charles also sired an illegitimate son, Carl Johan Bolander, (4 February 1854 – 28 July 1903), the father of Bishop Nils Bolander, and daughter, Ellen Svensson Hammar (28 October 1865 – 1931), and it has been widely rumored that he had many more extramarital children.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Issue", "target_page_ids": [ 35685539 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 116, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "No subsequent king of Sweden to this day is Charles's descendant. However, his descendants are or have been on the thrones of Denmark, Luxembourg, Greece, Belgium and Norway. A few weeks before Charles's death, his daughter Louise (then the Crown Princess of Denmark) gave birth to her second son. The young Prince of Denmark became christened as grandfather Charles's namesake. In 1905 this grandson, Prince Carl of Denmark, ascended the throne of Norway, becoming thus his maternal grandfather's successor in that country, and assumed the reign name Haakon VII. The present king, Harald V of Norway, is Charles's great-great-grandson, through his father and mother.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Issue", "target_page_ids": [ 64956, 64956, 66069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 409, 424 ], [ 552, 562 ], [ 582, 600 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "National decorations", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Knight and Commander of the Seraphim, with Collar, 3 May 1826", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 2355796 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Knight of the Order of Charles XIII, 3 May 1826", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 1380062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Commander Grand Cross of the Sword, 3 May 1826", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 1853423 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Commander Grand Cross of the Polar Star, 3 May 1826", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 3531131 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Grand Cross of St. Olav, with Collar, 3 May 1826", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [ 1932025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Foreign decorations", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Honours", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - Norwegian and Swedish Monarchs Grand Masters of the Order", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Family tree of the Royal Norwegian House", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Kings of Norway (in Norwegian)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Much material on early kings (in Norwegian)", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1826_births", "1872_deaths", "19th-century_Swedish_monarchs", "19th-century_Norwegian_monarchs", "People_from_Stockholm", "Norwegian_monarchs", "House_of_Bernadotte", "Swedish_people_of_French_descent", "Regents_of_Sweden", "Regents_of_Norway", "Dukes_of_Skåne", "Swedish_Lutherans", "Uppsala_University_alumni", "Members_of_the_Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences", "Swedish_monarchs_of_German_descent", "Burials_at_Riddarholmen_Church", "Swedish_Freemasons", "Grand_Masters_of_the_Order_of_Charles_XIII", "Knights_of_the_Order_of_Charles_XIII", "Commanders_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Sword", "Commanders_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Polar_Star", "Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary", "Grand_Commanders_of_the_Order_of_the_Dannebrog", "Recipients_of_the_Cross_of_Honour_of_the_Order_of_the_Dannebrog", "Grand_Croix_of_the_Légion_d'honneur", "Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion", "Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)", "Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Aviz", "Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword", "Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Russia)", "Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Anna,_1st_class", "Knights_of_the_Golden_Fleece_of_Spain", "Sons_of_kings" ]

[ "konge av Sverige og Norge Karl XV", "Charles XV", "Karl XV", "kung av Sverige och Norge Karl XV", "Ludvig Eugene Karl XV", "King of Sweden and Norway Charles XV", "Ludvig Eugene Carl", "König Karl XV. Schweden", "Carl Ludvig Eugen", "koning van Noorwegen en Zweden Karl XV", "Carl XV" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1301 (MCCCI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 23 Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16181, 1159679, 39975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 5 Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician (d. 1330)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1990, 986366, 39971 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 48 ], [ 73, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 24 Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier (d. 1372)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28202, 910997, 39536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 54 ], [ 76, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 7 Grand Prince Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22446, 4399246, 39975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Prince Morikuni, Japanese shōgun (d. 1333)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 355609, 10736899, 36357 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ], [ 26, 32 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ingeborg of Norway, princess consort and regent of Sweden (d. 1361)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5564361, 39526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English nobleman (d. 1344)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 460835, 39514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ni Zan, Chinese painter (d. 1374)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2812308, 36367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 29, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese head of the Nitta clan (d. 1338)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1879814, 36366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, French cardinal and diplomat of the Hundred Years' War (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10121592, 19038039, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ], [ 67, 85 ], [ 90, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 14 King Andrew III of Hungary (b. c. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16192, 4998606, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 39 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 3 Alberto I della Scala, Lord of Verona", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27989, 7589922 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Asukai Gayū, Japanese poet (b. 1241)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5837184, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dietrich I of Isenberg, count of Limburg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5652657 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gertrud Morneweg, German Hanseatic business person and banker ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 45361037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " False Margaret, Norwegian pretender to the Scottish throne (b. c. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5311087, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zahed Gilani, Iranian Grandmaster of the Zahediyeh Sufi Order (b. 1216)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 939804, 939944, 166587, 39991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 42, 51 ], [ 52, 62 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " King Leo I of Galicia (b. c. 1228)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4802280, 36263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 22 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amaury de Montfort (priest) (b. 1243)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2010615, 42483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Violant of Aragon, queen consort of Castile (b. 1236)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10343401, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Jean I de Grailly, seneschal of Gascony", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12978598 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 28 ] ] } ]

[ "1301" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1302 (MCCCII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 7 Azzone Visconti, Lord of Milan (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8144, 7951327, 39975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Islamic scholar (d. 1367)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 939787, 39532 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andrew Corsini, Italian bishop (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5218059, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Domhnall II, Earl of Mar (d. 1332)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 412409, 39972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 19 Al-Hakim I, Caliph of Cairo", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16011, 6342912 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 9 or March 9 1301 Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel (b. 1267)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20054, 39948, 421032, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 20, 24 ], [ 26, 63 ], [ 68, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 20 Ralph Walpole, Bishop of Norwich", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14563107, 13036588 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 2 Blanche of Artois, dowager, former queen consort and regent of Navarre (b. c. 1248)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19349, 1224604, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 25 ], [ 86, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 11 (Battle of the Spurs):", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15873 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pierre Flotte, French politician and lawyer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3144441 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2644549, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 18 Eudokia Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond (b. c. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28146, 3422782, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 17 or November 17 1301 St. Gertrude the Great, German saint", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21798, 39948, 1846030 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 28, 32 ], [ 34, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 26 Valdemar, King of Sweden, 12501275 (b. c. 1238/1239)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8360, 250089, 38708, 39985, 36070, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 38 ], [ 40, 44 ], [ 44, 48 ], [ 56, 60 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 31 Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1238)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8204, 655710, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Godfrey Giffard, English bishop and politician (b. c. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 674645, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hu Sanxing, Song dynasty Chinese historian (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3384429, 56978, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Cimabue, Florentine painter who discovered Giotto", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6991, 11525, 18622193, 27729289 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ], [ 21, 28 ], [ 44, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Infanta Sancha of Portugal (b. 1264)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2533095, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 27 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] } ]

[ "1302" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1303 (MCCCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 24 Battle of Roslin: The Scots defeat the English.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 11007, 4516357, 23248387, 407950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 36, 41 ], [ 53, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 4 Battle of Arques: The Flemings defeat the French.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 18951826, 33281805, 10878, 5843419 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 52, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 20 Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 2195, 24060, 1222318 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 41, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 29 The Treaty of Paris restores Gascony to the English.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 19355, 6351136, 76446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 38, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 8 1303 Crete earthquake: An earthquake destroys the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the seven wonders of the world.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1333, 28185528, 17724, 19342741 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 32 ], [ 61, 85 ], [ 107, 133 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 7 Guillaume de Nogaret imprisons Pope Boniface VIII on behalf of Philip IV of France; Gregory Bicskei, archbishop of Esztergom, is killed in the incident.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 27949, 1141622, 77169, 43650862 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 77, 96 ], [ 98, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 25 1303 Hongdong earthquake.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 28203, 48669793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 22 Pope Benedict XI succeeds Pope Boniface VIII, as the 194th pope.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 22571, 24017, 24060, 23056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 39, 57 ], [ 72, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wars of Scottish Independence: Edward I of England resumes his campaign against William Wallace and others in Scotland, holding court in Dunfermline Abbey.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 43473, 46373, 33832, 26994, 57110 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ], [ 32, 51 ], [ 81, 96 ], [ 111, 119 ], [ 138, 155 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Battle of Dimbos: The Ottoman Turks under Osman I defeat the Byzantines.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 32688668, 22278, 16972981 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 23, 36 ], [ 62, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Khalji Dynasty under Alauddin Khalji conquers Chittorgarh in northern India, after taking the massive Chittor Fort.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1921242, 37821646, 4671959, 14533, 4671959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 19 ], [ 26, 41 ], [ 51, 62 ], [ 75, 80 ], [ 107, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Avoirdupois system of weights and measures is introduced to England and Wales.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 259962, 69894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 16 ], [ 77, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Siege of Amsterdam: Kennemers and Waterlanders lay siege against Amsterdam for a year.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 5088264, 120188, 844 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 29 ], [ 35, 46 ], [ 66, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 89340, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 35, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of China (d. 1323)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1087259, 36118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 4 Daniel of Russia, first prince of Moscow", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20315, 23738502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 19 Saint Ivan of martingale, French canon lawyer (b. 1253)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19632, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 7 Gregory Bicker, archbishop of Ergosterol", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27949 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 11 Pope Boniface VIII", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22440, 24060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 27 Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of King Alfonso III of Portugal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22434, 9272101, 1659 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 56, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 29 Emperor Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2096862 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 46 ] ] } ]

[ "1303" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1304 (MCCCIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321387, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 25 Ibn Battuta, Moroccan jurist and explorer", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10930, 15229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 20 Petrarch, Italian poet (d. 1374)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15803, 23734, 36367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 18 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Clinton, 1st Earl of Huntingdon", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2056850 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marie of Luxembourg, Queen of France (d. 1324)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8435300, 39965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Louis I of Flanders (d. 1346)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1253750, 36119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 25, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jayaatu Khan, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (d. 1332)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1086681, 19606306, 39972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 30, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Günther von Schwarzburg, German king (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1449744, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 7 or 8 Bartolomeo I della Scala, lord of Verona", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18935042, 20053, 11929888, 263991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 12, 13 ], [ 15, 39 ], [ 49, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 11 Mahmud Ghazan, Mongol ruler (b. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19452, 1982914, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 22 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 23 Jehan de Lescurel, French poet and composer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19655, 345785 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 7 Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15863, 24017, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 17 Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Wigmore", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16089, 1597402 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 17 Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (b. 1243)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1490, 45591, 42483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 31 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 22 John II, Count of Hainaut (b. 1247)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1012, 690965, 42487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, English soldier", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 621133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 23 Matilda of Habsburg, duchess regent of Bavaria (b. 1253)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14750344, 21032761, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] } ]

[ "1304" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1305 (MCCCV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 18 Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese Shōgun (d. 1358)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1496, 297001, 28943, 39525 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Isabella of Aragon, queen consort of Germany (d. 1330)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10367925, 9513507, 39971 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 2 Joan I of Navarre, queen regnant of Navarre, and queen consort of Philip IV of France (b. 1273)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1777, 383193, 77169, 39987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 76, 95 ], [ 100, 104 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 30 Roger de Flor, commander-in-chief of the Almogàvers (murdered)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1011, 26267717 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 21 King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15819, 251548, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 15, 39 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 23 William Wallace, Scottish patriot (executed)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1628, 33832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Emperor Kameyama of Japan (b. 1249)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 229369, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 18 John II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1239)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21452, 637178, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 6 Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8352, 1249466 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Moses de León, Spanish rabbi (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1289281, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 34, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Qian Xuan, Chinese painter (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2903925, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] } ]

[ "1305" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1306 (MCCCVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 8 Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1353)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1333, 3506104, 39520 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isabella, Countess of Brienne, vassal ruler and claimant (d. 1360)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1944206, 36171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ashikaga Tadayoshi, general of the Northern and Southern Courts (d. 1352)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1497599, 356763, 39519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 36, 64 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sasaki Takauji, Japanese poet, warrior, and bureaucrat (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5572662, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 10 John \"the Red\" Comyn, Scottish nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10991, 510008 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March Araniko, Nepali artist (b. 1245)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1340629, 10886000, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 15 ], [ 17, 23 ], [ 35, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 21 Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1248)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20329, 628887, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 5 Constantine Palaiologos, Byzantine prince and general (b. 1261)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19352, 39682479, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 31 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 4 King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (b. 1289)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2418, 285723, 42514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 6 Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8352, 261078, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1052041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Khutulun, Mongol princess and warrior (b. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3324138, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] } ]

[ "1306" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1309 (MCCCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Konrad of Megenberg (d. 1374)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6071961, 36367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 25, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aldona of Lithuania, queen consort of Poland (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2810, 39975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Leo IV, King of Armenia (d. 1341)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 403563, 36364 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 29, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 10 Elisabeth von Rapperswil, Swiss sovereign countess of Rapperswil (b. 1261)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2564, 44301398, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 35 ], [ 80, 84 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 5 Charles II of Naples", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19352, 161745 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " James of St. George, Savoyard military architect (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 194149, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raden Wijaya, Founder and First King of Majapahit Empire ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6429045, 162773 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 41, 57 ] ] } ]

[ "1309" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1312 (MCCCXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321364, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mansa Musa starts to rule the Mali Empire (approximate date).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 159784, 182049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 31, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Öljaitü of the Ilkhanate briefly raids into Syria. He withdrew in the same year, ending the Mongol invasions of the Levant", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 9166322, 542300, 4616563 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 16, 25 ], [ 93, 123 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 13 King Edward III of England (d. 1377)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21761, 46377, 39540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (d. 1333)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1463635, 36357 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes, Countess of Dunbar, defender of Dunbar (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1397118, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William II, Duke of Athens (d. 1338)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7072543, 36366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 13 Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1263)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19675, 655711, 42498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 19 Piers Gaveston, favourite of Edward II of England", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15817, 125137, 44848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 39, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 27 Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1262)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1013, 637192, 42497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 7 King Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27949, 149115, 42511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 27", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 75926, 39985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gentile Portino da Montefiore, Italian cardinal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 61307502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 6 Christina von Stommeln, Roman Catholic mystic and stigmatic (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21758, 7382488, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 35 ], [ 77, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 9 Otto III, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1261)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21446, 4153813, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 7 Michael II, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8144, 17124679, 219283 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 25, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Eschiva of Ibelin, sovereign Lady of Beirut (b. 1253)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15253602, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tokhta, khan of the Blue Horde", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4204479, 185015, 25763160 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 13 ], [ 21, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zayn al-Din al-Amidi, blind Arab scholar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9727989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] } ]

[ "1312" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1311 (MCCCXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 28 or 1312 Joan II of Navarre, queen regnant of Navarre (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15792, 39955, 840205, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 15, 19 ], [ 21, 39 ], [ 70, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 or 1314 Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III of England (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 39958, 47754, 46377, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 12, 16 ], [ 18, 38 ], [ 49, 70 ], [ 75, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 13 King Alfonso XI of Castile (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1129, 70642, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 17, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 1 Liu Bowen, Chinese military strategist, officer, statesman and poet (d. 1375)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15844, 4578219, 39538 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 81, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1356)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 703394, 39523 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (d. 1356)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 358964, 39523 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 27 Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15866, 1088731 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 3 Antony Bek, bishop of Durham", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19633, 1120314 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 15 at the Battle of Halmyros:", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19635, 3187970 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 18, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter V, Count of Brienne, Duke of Athens", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 890035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas III d'Autremencourt, Lord of Salona, Marshal of Achaea", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 37293456 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Albert Pallavicini, Margrave of Bodonitza", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8327322 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George I Ghisi, Triarch of Euboea, Baron of Chalandritsa, Lord of Tinos, Mykonos, Serifos and Keos", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 37293632 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 29 James II of Majorca (b. 1243)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19355, 1589225, 42483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 13 Pietro Gradenigo, Doge of Venice", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1129, 14501753 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 5 Amadeus Aba, Hungarian oligarch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27990, 17380440 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 14 Margaret of Brabant, German queen consort (b. 1276)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8851, 3548446, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David VIII of Georgia (b. 1273)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1794696, 39987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 27, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arnold of Villanova, Spanish alchemist and physician (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2513642, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mangrai, founding king of Lan Na (b. 1238)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 557995, 201443, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers (b. 1232)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 585310, 36068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 26 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] } ]

[ "1311" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1310 (MCCCX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January Forces of the Kingdom of Castile retreat from the Siege of Algeciras, after enduring severe losses, and secure a peace treaty.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15642, 750274, 36341983 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 25, 43 ], [ 61, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March Muhammed III, former Sultan of the Emirate of Granada, is blinded and found dead in a pool, after an attempted coup to retake his throne from his brother Nasr.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 19344, 12533934, 19253132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 20 ], [ 43, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 11 In France, 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 19452, 16869, 20611083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 38, 53 ], [ 82, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu al-Fida becomes governor of Hama.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 23135827, 516941 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The first purpose-built accommodation for students (the Mob Quad) is completed in Merton College, Oxford, England.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1431711, 128351, 407950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 65 ], [ 83, 105 ], [ 107, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Basarab I, after the battle against the Tatars, is named \"big prince\" of Wallachia by the feudal lords of the region. The country remains under Hungarian domination until the Battle of Posada on 12 October, 1330.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 52750, 56877, 46026, 1977198, 22530, 39971 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 74, 83 ], [ 176, 192 ], [ 196, 206 ], [ 208, 212 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 30 King Casimir III of Poland (d. 1368)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1011, 7362, 39533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 5 Preczlaw of Pogarell, Cardinal and Bishop of Wrocław (d. 1376)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19352, 39432192, 6221, 15116447, 39539 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 28 ], [ 30, 38 ], [ 43, 60 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, English baron (d. 1361)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 9115584, 39526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 48 ], [ 68, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 30 Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21577, 3108686, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy (d. 1382)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5210673, 36370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gil Alvarez De Albornoz, Spanish cardinal", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12480 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guillaume Tirel, French chef (d. 1395)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2447634, 39552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 34, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pope Urban V (d. 1370)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24297, 39535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 18, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March Muhammed III, Sultan of Granada (b. 1256)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19344, 12533934, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 22 Saint Humility, Italian founder of the Vallumbrosan Nuns (b. c. 1226)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19660, 5882428, 36066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 23 ], [ 73, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 1 Marguerite Porete, French mystic (burned at the stake)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15856, 4627130 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 5 Amalric, Prince of Tyre (b. c. 1272)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15820, 2622349, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 32 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 1 Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22340, 703391, 42492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 28 Ecumenical Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22341, 3196173, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 64 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 10 Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8714, 8302212, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Shams al-Din ibn Ashraf Al-Samarqandi, Samarkandi astronomer (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3335321, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 38 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Pachymeres, Byzantine historian (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 142762, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] } ]

[ "1310" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": " March 18 Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 20273, 189644, 16869, 22989, 2687967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 67, 82 ], [ 110, 115 ], [ 117, 123 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 4 Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 18951826, 128331, 1988266 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 32 ], [ 58, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Battle of Bannockburn: Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat Edward II of England, regaining Scotland's independence.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 50993, 26994, 26582, 44848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 31 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 56, 72 ], [ 80, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 31 King Haakon V of Norway moves his capital from Bergen to Oslo, where he builds Akershus Fortress, from which Norway is ruled for the next 500 years.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1711, 353620, 56494, 22309, 171179, 21241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 17, 35 ], [ 59, 65 ], [ 69, 73 ], [ 91, 99 ], [ 121, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 19 Frederick the Fair of the House of Habsburg is elected King of the Romans at Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main), by four of the electors, being crowned on November 25 at Bonn Minster.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 22568, 1147252, 13824, 302609, 30873291, 21580, 7463722 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 39, 56 ], [ 68, 86 ], [ 90, 123 ], [ 167, 178 ], [ 182, 194 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 20 Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach is elected King of the Romans at Sachsenhausen by five of the electors, being crowned on November 25 at Aachen.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 22442, 38802, 38848, 21580, 1520 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 29, 49 ], [ 139, 150 ], [ 154, 160 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Philip IV of France dies, possibly very much affected by the Tour de Nesle Affair, and is succeeded by Louis X.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 77169, 26552365, 78345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ], [ 75, 95 ], [ 117, 124 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Undated Amda Seyon starts to rule as Emperor of Ethiopia. He defeats the Muslims at Ifat.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1813703, 606626, 19541, 2530763 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 20 ], [ 39, 58 ], [ 75, 81 ], [ 86, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 10 King Ramathibodi I of Ayutthaya (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20196, 204337, 47777252, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 29 ], [ 33, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Philippa of Hainault, Queen consort of Edward III of England (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 47754, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 30 ], [ 75, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown Valdemar III of Denmark (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 751087, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 30 Nicholas III of Saint Omer, co-lord of Thebes, Marshal of Achaea", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15813, 7801320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 8 Helen of Anjou, queen of Serbia (b. 1236)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11360, 11850755, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 4 Jakub Świnka, Polish Catholic priest", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20315, 1359290 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 18", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 189644 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffroy de Charney, Preceptor of Normandy for the Knights Templar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1192395 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 20 Pope Clement V (b. 1264)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2195, 24102, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 23 Henry de Bohun, English knight personally killed by Robert the Bruce", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15831, 24760186, 26582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 62, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 21 Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22570, 38900379 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 20 Albert the Degenerate, Landgrave of Thuringia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21575, 3125757 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 King Philip IV of France (b. 1268)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 77169, 42503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown Giovanni Pisano, Italian sculptor (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 237501, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 30 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] } ]

[ "1314" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1315 (MCCCXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 5 – James III of Majorca (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2194, 1589242, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 20 – Bonne of Luxembourg, Queen of John II of France (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19677, 767157, 77502, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 40, 57 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February or March – Margaret of Villehardouin, Lady of Akova (b. 1266)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10845, 19344, 42643112, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 13, 18 ], [ 21, 46 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 10 – Agnes Blannbekin, Austrian Beguine mystic", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20196, 20092369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 9 – Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1282)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19524, 628897, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 9, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 29 – Ramon Llull, Spanish philosopher (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15842, 69677, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 12 – Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1491, 434178 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 13, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 15 or April 30 – Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France (b. 1290), during imprisonment", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1442, 1011, 842942, 39983 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 25, 62 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 29", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1793 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Charles of Taranto (b. 1296)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 42698593, 39977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 24, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter Tempesta, Count of Eboli (b. 1291)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7089223, 2920299, 39982 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 17, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] } ]

[ "1315" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1316 (MCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321380, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 2 King Robert II of Scotland (d. 1390)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19516, 147958, 39551 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 15, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April or May Magnus IV, king of Sweden 13191364 (d. 1374)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1004, 19345, 203043, 39963, 36122, 36367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 10, 13 ], [ 15, 24 ], [ 41, 45 ], [ 45, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 14 Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia (d. November 29 1378)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19676, 38895, 223907, 21578, 39541 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 39 ], [ 44, 59 ], [ 64, 75 ], [ 76, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 7 Simeon of Russia (d. 1353)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21667, 148182, 39520 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 34, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 15 King John I of France (d. November 20)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21763, 77144, 21575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 35 ], [ 40, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown Fa Ngum, King of Lan Xang (d. 1393)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 203890, 203665, 36369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 22 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 2 Marjorie Bruce, Scottish princess, daughter of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1296)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19516, 1238913, 26582, 39977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 57, 77 ], [ 82, 86 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 12 King Stefan Dragutin of Serbia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20197, 238536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 5 King Louis X of France (b. 1289)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15820, 78345, 42514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 14, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 5 Infante Ferdinand of Majorca (b. 1278)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15861, 1777946, 42505 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 17, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 2 Louis of Burgundy, Prince of Achaea (b. 1297)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1154, 5806752, 1286012 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 28 ], [ 30, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 10 Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (in battle)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2315, 1629221 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 20 King John I of France (b. November 15)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21575, 77144, 21763 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 35 ], [ 40, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 26 Robert Wishart, Scottish bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21581, 5754139 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Guillaume Guiart, French chronicler and poet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1350563 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guo Shoujing, Chinese astronomer and mathematician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1559807 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vytenis, Grand Prince of Lithuania", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 38317495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alauddin Khalji, sultan of Delhi, India", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 37821646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sang Sapurba, progenitor of the Malay kings of Malacca and Majapahit (b. 1245)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 37792481, 279720, 33588423, 162773, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 33, 38 ], [ 48, 55 ], [ 60, 69 ], [ 74, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Öljaitü, Khan of the Ilkhanate", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9166322, 542300 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 22, 31 ] ] } ]

[ "1316" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1317 (MCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 59 ], [ 105, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Michael 2nd Baron Poynings, English knight (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4868702, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Euphemia of Sweden, princess (d. 1370)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1858767, 39535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 34, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 7 Robert, Count of Clermont, French founder of the House of Bourbon (b. 1256)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11063, 703386, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 38 ], [ 83, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " c. June 23 Thawun Gyi, ruler of Toungoo, assassinated (b. c. 1258)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15831, 48614959, 37255883, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 25, 41 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 8 Emperor Fushimi of Japan (b. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22543, 195028, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 27 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 28 Yishan Yining, Zen monk and writer from China who taught in Japan (b. 1247)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21579, 23811845, 42487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 27 ], [ 84, 88 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ramkhamhaeng the Great, King of Sukhothai (b. 1239)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 369227, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Madhvacharya, Indian saint (b. 1238)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1082730, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes of Montepulciano, Italian saint (b. 1268)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2614015, 42503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boniface of Verona", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12142253 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John I Orsini, Count of Cephalonia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 39911052 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] } ]

[ "1317" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1318 (MCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 28, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 18 Eleanor of Woodstock, countess regent of Guelders, eldest daughter of King Edward II of England (d. 1355)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15815, 5061842, 44848, 39522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 30 ], [ 85, 105 ], [ 110, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 11 Eleanor of Lancaster (d. 1372)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27935, 433473, 39536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1007951, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 34 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1859294 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pope Urban VI (d. 1389)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24302, 34881 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 19, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 14 Marguerite of France, queen of Edward I of England (b. 1282)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10882, 2471890, 46373, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 45, 64 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland (b. 1275)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 189908, 39985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 22 Mikhail Yaroslavich, Russian prince (b. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21526, 871337, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Llywelyn Bren, Welsh rebel", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1648612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Heinrich Frauenlob, Bohemian musician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1802945 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Persian writer and historian (b. 1247)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 564579, 42487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Erik Magnusson, Swedish Duke, brother of King Birger (starved in a dungeon at Nyköpingshus)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2703135, 5079615 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 79, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Valdemar Magnusson, Swedish Duke, brother of King Birger (starved in a dungeon at Nyköpingshus)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2707027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] } ]

[ "1318" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1319 (MCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Unknown date a strong earthquake devastates the city of Ani in medieval Armenia, reducing many of its churches to rubble and causing the mass migration of citizens away from the partly-ruined city.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 8925043, 10918072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 61 ], [ 74, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 20 Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14563107, 13377332, 36120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 26 King John II of France (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1261, 77502, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 5 King Peter IV of Aragon (d. 1387)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27990, 127830, 39548 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " James I, Count of La Marche (d. 1362)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2669901, 39527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Märta Ulfsdotter, Swedish lady-in-waiting (d. 1371)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 39729692, 36368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Charles, Duke of Brittany (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 640414, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Bridlington, English saint (d. 1379)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3428775, 39542 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kikuchi Takemitsu, Japanese general (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14160515, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1375)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3129714, 39538 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernabò Visconti, Italian soldier and statesman (d. 1385)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1734284, 39546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " possible Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1389)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19986, 20427700, 34881 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 20, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 8 King Haakon V of Norway (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19353, 353620, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 19 Louis, Count of Évreux, son of King Philip III of France (b. 1276)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19632, 2382575, 78438, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ], [ 45, 65 ], [ 70, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 12 Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1274)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1491, 3141918, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 14 Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (b. c. 1280)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1417, 3536960, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 53 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 1 Uguccione della Faggiuola, Italian condottieri (b. c. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21460, 2172211, 313007, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 38 ], [ 48, 59 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 2 John Sandale, Bishop of Winchester", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21461, 13118343 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 13 King Eric VI of Denmark (b. 1274)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21761, 504032, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 19, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Guan Daosheng, Chinese painter and poet (b. 1262)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11656622, 42497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ingeborg Magnusdotter of Sweden, queen consort of Denmark (b. 1277)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17369002, 35497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, Persian scientist (b. 1267)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1741520, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jordan Óge de Exeter, Anglo-Irish knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13375355 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Remigio dei Girolami, Italian theologian (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11173556, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] } ]

[ "1319" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1321 (MCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "c. MayJune Leper scare: Rumours that lepers (acting on the orders of Jews bribed by Moors) are attempting to poison the Christian population spread throughout southern France.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 19345, 15785, 42875676, 2687967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 6 ], [ 6, 10 ], [ 12, 23 ], [ 169, 175 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 14 King Edward II of England reluctantly agrees to demands from his barons to send Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester, and his son Hugh Despenser the Younger into exile. ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1417, 44848, 1325195, 1325197 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 17, 37 ], [ 92, 133 ], [ 147, 173 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 29 King Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia dies. His son Stephen Constantine claims the throne, but Constantine's younger half-brother Stephen Uroš III Dečanski succeeds.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 22435, 2119457, 29560234, 2043693 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 51 ], [ 66, 85 ], [ 144, 169 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Byzantine civil war of 1321–28 begins, when Andronikos III Palaiologos initiates an uprising against Andronikos II Palaiologos.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 23310211, 1760, 1761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 35 ], [ 49, 75 ], [ 106, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A bad harvest brings famine in Europe.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 772405, 51329, 9239 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 14 ], [ 22, 28 ], [ 32, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Anatolian beylik of Teke is established.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 5001352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gračanica monastery in Kosovo is rebuilt by the Serbian king Stefan Milutin.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 3357666, 2119457 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 62, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Spitakavor Monastery is completed in Armenia.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 39613715 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The University of Florence is established.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 453748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Kebra Negast is translated from Arabic to Ge'ez, according to its colophon.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1378283 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 5 John II, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1372)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11119, 8446740, 39536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 5 Joan of The Tower, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1362)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15861, 2255364, 39527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 29 John of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (d. 1387)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1793, 2647017, 39548 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 39 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " James I, Count of Urgell", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16651989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Khwaja Bande Nawaz, Sufi saint (d. 1422)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3919014, 39905 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Emperor John III of Trebizond (d. 1362)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3444324, 39527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 12 or 1322 Maria of Brabant, queen consort of Philip III of France (b. 1256)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16112, 36360, 1147030, 78438, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 15, 19 ], [ 21, 37 ], [ 56, 76 ], [ 81, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 13 Bonacossa Borri, Lady of Milan (b. 1254)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16191, 29897120, 25623890, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 30, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 25 Beatrice d'Avesnes, consort of Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10930, 33798649 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 18 Matthew III Csák, Hungarian oligarch (b. c.1260/5)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20273, 886311 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 8 Thomas of Tolentino, Italian Franciscan missionary, martyred (b. c. 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2224, 52230797 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 17 Infanta Blanche of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile (b. 1259)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1974, 2533021, 1659, 535434, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 38 ], [ 57, 79 ], [ 84, 101 ], [ 106, 110 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 27 Nicolò Albertini, Italian cardinal statesman (b. c. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2326, 4379257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 31 Birger, King of Sweden (b. 1280)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19653, 918421, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 1 María de Molina, queen consort of Castile (b. c. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15844, 7794513, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 24 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 14 Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27947, 8169, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 30 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 29 Stefan Milutin, King of Serbia (b. c. 1253)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22435, 2119457, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 9 Walter Langton, bishop of Lichfield and treasurer of England (b. 1243)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21446, 1471814, 42483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 78, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Marianus III of Arborea, Giudice", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10457888 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mubarak Khan, Khilji regent, murdered", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2213698 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Reginald of Burgundy, Count of Montbéliard", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18980779 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Witte van Haemstede, Dutch prince (b. 1280/2)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1002547 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi, Arab mathematician (b. 1256)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5624984, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 38 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of state leaders in 1321", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 52162319 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 1321 in Scotland", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 49083050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] } ]

[ "1321" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1324 (MCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311406, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 23 March – Pope John XXII excommunicates German king Louis IV, as Louis had not sought papal approval during his conflict with Frederick the Fair. Louis in turn declares the pope a heretic, because of John's opposition against the view of Christ's absolute poverty held by some Franciscans.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 20210, 37670, 38802, 1147252, 57448242 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 54, 62 ], [ 128, 146 ], [ 242, 267 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marsilius of Padua writes his defence of the secular state, Defensor pacis.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 33786652, 33786608 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 61, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Emperor Musa I of Mali arrives in Cairo on his hajj to Mecca, accompanied by an entourage numbering in the thousands, and with hundreds of pounds of gold. This display of wealth garners the Mali Empire a place on European maps in 1395. On his return journey, he peacefully annexes Timbuktu. He is said to have told the Arabic historian Al-Umari that \"his predecessors had launched two expeditions from West Africa to discover the limits of the Atlantic Ocean.\"</onlyinclude>", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 159784, 6293, 23487999, 21021, 182049, 39552, 254061, 8517708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 23 ], [ 35, 40 ], [ 48, 52 ], [ 56, 61 ], [ 191, 202 ], [ 231, 235 ], [ 282, 290 ], [ 337, 345 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 5 King David II of Scotland (d. 1371)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20314, 147969, 36368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 15, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Prince Dmitry of Suzdal (d. 1383)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2201133, 39544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 24 ], [ 29, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Louis of Durazzo, Count of Gravina and Morrone (d. 1362) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2077801, 39527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Constance of Sicily, princess regent of Sicily (d. 1355)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34311892, 39522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Giovanni Manfredi, lord of Faenza (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10990827, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Prince Tsunenaga, Japanese imperial prince (d. 1338)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2302787, 36366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Manuel II, Emperor of Trebizond (d. 1333)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3112195, 36357 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 8 or January 9 Marco Polo, Italian explorer (b. 1254)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15988, 16075, 19334, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 25, 35 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 11 Karl von Trier, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11184, 5512028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 26 Marie de Luxembourg, Queen of France (b. 1304) (carriage accident)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20427, 8435300, 39951 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 23 Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (b. c.1275)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15831, 500006 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 16 Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15947, 45595, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 16 or August 17 Irene of Brunswick, Empress of Constantinople (b. c. 1293)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1448, 1490, 14702856, 39980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 25, 43 ], [ 78, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 31 Henry II of Jerusalem (b. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1711, 789624, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 1 John de Halton, Bishop of Carlisle", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21460, 914851 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 3 Petronilla de Meath, Irish servant and suspected witch (burned at stake)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21764, 4636195, 775859 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 34, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Dino Compagni, Italian historian (b. c. 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8143335, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hedwig of Holstein, queen consort of Sweden (b. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14688726, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " King Sancho of Majorca (b. 1274)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2669561, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 23 ], [ 28, 32 ] ] } ]

[ "1324" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1325 (MCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Recognized year of the founding of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan on a small island in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica. It becomes Mexico City in 1521.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 2514174, 29988, 615505, 11953556, 18987, 35225 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 45 ], [ 54, 66 ], [ 88, 100 ], [ 108, 114 ], [ 127, 138 ], [ 142, 146 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 12 Rupert II, Elector Palatine (d. 1398)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19497, 3840652, 36362 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " John Wycliffe, English \"Morning star of the Reformation\" (d. 1384)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16483, 39545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hafiz al-Iraqi, Islamic scholar (d. 1403)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4435279, 34883 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Inês de Castro, lover of King Pedro I of Portugal (d. 1355)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 353066, 252902, 39522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 31, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret the Barefooted, Italian saint (d. 1395)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18745093, 39552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matthew Kantakouzenos, Emperor of Byzantium", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2787877 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pandolfo II Malatesta, Italian condottiero (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7393912, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Francesco Landini, Florentine organist and composer (d. 1397)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 468185, 39554 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 28 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 7 King Dinis of Portugal (b. 1261)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15987, 253958, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 17, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 3 Nizamuddin Auliya, Sufi saint (b. 1238)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2279, 517436, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 6 or July 6 Ismail I, Sultan of Granada (b. 1279) (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15794, 15862, 12535236, 42506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 11, 17 ], [ 19, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 21 Yury of Moscow, Prince of Moscow and Vladimir", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21576, 148176 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 16 Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III of France (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8219, 806323, 78438, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 38 ], [ 47, 67 ], [ 72, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Amir Khusrow, Persian language poet (b. 1253)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 517348, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Francis of Mayrone, French philosopher (b. c. 1280)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2444495, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Saint Nikodim I, Serbian archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5953180 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Princess Joguk, Korean princess (b. 1308)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53336085, 36361 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas de Dundee, Bishop of Ross", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13719903 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] } ]

[ "1325" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1327 (MCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 28, 60 ], [ 106, 121 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " English abbot Richard of Wallingford describes the construction of an astronomical clock in his Tractatus Horologii Astronomici.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1143, 3932412, 804218 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 14 ], [ 15, 37 ], [ 71, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Grand Canal (China), which ran from Hangzhou to Beijing over a distance of 1800km, was completed.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 49824 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June Malatesta Ungaro, Italian condottiero (d. 1372)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11712027, 39536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 23 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 30 Andrew, Duke of Calabria (d. 1345)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22436, 3038383, 14944095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Charles de La Cerda, Franco-Spanish soldier (d. 1354)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3764233, 39521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elizabeth le Despenser, Baroness Berkeley, English noble (d. 1389)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23914446, 34881 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 42 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Demetrius I Starshy, Prince of Trubczewsk (d. 1399)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1733753, 39555 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Birger Gregersson, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1383)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1759190, 39544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist (d. 1400)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 144418, 36302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, Scottish nobleman (d. 1384)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4904603, 39545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 47 ], [ 71, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 16 Nikephoros Choumnos, Byzantine scholar and statesman (b. 1250 or 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16022, 22722424, 38708, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 70, 74 ], [ 78, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 29 Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine (b. 1300)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15814, 3850857, 35241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 15 Albert of Schwarzburg, German grand preceptor of the Knights Hospitaller", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19635, 40370527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 9 Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (b. 1293)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1787, 2003594 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 28 Robert Baldock, Lord Privy Seal and Lord Chancellor of England", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19672, 10095031, 225431, 226197 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 23 ], [ 25, 40 ], [ 45, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 29 Jens Grand, Danish archbishop (b. c. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19355, 2898197, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 4 Stefano Visconti, Milanese nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15849, 9005714 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 25 Demasq Kaja, Ilkhanate member of the Chobanid Family", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1519, 2088848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 1 Foulques de Villaret, French Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27530, 8421309 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 21 King Edward II of England (murdered; b. 1284)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27532, 44848, 35327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 20, 40 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 26 Cecco d'Ascoli, Italian encyclopaedist, physician and poet (b. 1257)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28178, 3126365, 42492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 29 ], [ 78, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 20 Teresa d'Entença, Countess of Urgell (b. 1300)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22442, 28181152, 35241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 27 Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert the Bruce", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22434, 412696, 26582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 42, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November Chupan, Chobanid prince of the Ilkhanate", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1880493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 2 or November 5 King James II of Aragon (b. 1267)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21461, 21565, 305014, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 15, 25 ], [ 32, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 19 Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8848, 5522513 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas Cobham, Bishop of Worcester", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9463484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Constantine I of Imereti", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1785432 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David of Hrodna, Lithuanian military leader", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7485703 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vital du Four, French theologian (b. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10121154, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter Reynolds, Archbishop of Canterbury", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 153696, 2345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 18, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sir Richard de Exeter, Anglo-Irish knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13394116 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable Bartholomew of Lucca, Italian historian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5351692 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The action of Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose (Il Nome della Rosa, 1980) takes place during this year.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In literature", "target_page_ids": [ 32003, 186397, 34640 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 26 ], [ 35, 55 ], [ 77, 81 ] ] } ]

[ "1327" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1328 (MCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321374, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 21 ], [ 29, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 1 Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (d. 1393)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1175, 19942421, 36369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 7 Louis VI the Roman, Duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1365)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19582, 38800, 36123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 26 ], [ 75, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 25 William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (d. 1397)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15799, 43215897, 39554 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 51 ], [ 81, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 29 Joan of Kent, princess of Wales, spouse of Edward the Black Prince (d. 1385)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28204, 78783, 58917, 39546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 27 ], [ 58, 81 ], [ 86, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 2063844, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 17, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 21 Hongwu Emperor of China (d. 1398)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22570, 163029, 36362 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 11 Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, English military leader (d. 1360)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21447, 472108, 36171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 47 ], [ 77, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 25 Antipope Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna (d. 1423)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21580, 1778562, 39906 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 36 ], [ 70, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas (\"Archibald the Grim\", \"Black Archibald\"), Scottish magnate and warrior (d. 1400)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4894089, 36302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ], [ 116, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Emperor Go-Murakami of Japan (d. 1368)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 195023, 39533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 34, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 1 King Charles IV of France (b. 1294)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10846, 78500, 39979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 15 Yesün Temür, emperor of the Yuan dynasty (b. 1293)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1442, 1087011, 19606306, 39980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 23 ], [ 40, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 23 Nicolaas Zannekin, Flemish peasant leader (in the battle of Cassel)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1628, 10159582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 26 Ibn Taymiyyah, Islamic scholar and philosopher of Harran (b. 1263)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28178, 272074, 42498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 28 ], [ 76, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 12 (or 13) Clementia of Hungary, Queen consort of France and Navarre (b. 1293)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22530, 22554, 8439251, 39980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 16, 18 ], [ 21, 41 ], [ 83, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 16 Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shōgun (b. 1276)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21726, 380770, 28943, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Meister Eckhart, German theologian (b. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20595185, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andronikos Angelos Palaiologos, Byzantine nobleman and governor (b. ca. 1282)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 30511502, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ], [ 73, 77 ] ] } ]

[ "1328" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1329 (MCCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 1 King John of Bohemia (of the Teutonic Order) captures Medvėgalis, an important fortress of the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and baptizes 6,000 of its defenders.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 10846, 38197, 30776, 45275386, 380252 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 33 ], [ 42, 56 ], [ 67, 77 ], [ 114, 138 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces (possibly in 1332).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 1813703, 606626, 19541, 39972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 28, 47 ], [ 86, 92 ], [ 116, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 27 Pope John XXII condemns some teachings of Meister Eckhart as heretical.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 20585, 37670, 20595185 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ], [ 53, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1004, 44995, 10338, 37670 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 27 ], [ 31, 45 ], [ 49, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 6 Edward III of England pays homage to Philip VI of France for Aquitaine.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15794, 46377, 77498, 46378 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 30 ], [ 46, 65 ], [ 70, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 7 David II becomes King of Scots age 5; he will rule Scotland for nearly 42 years.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15795, 147969, 1049565 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 17 ], [ 26, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 10 Braganstown massacre, County Louth, Ireland: Over 160 are killed.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15805, 275932, 170034 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 32, 44 ], [ 46, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 11 Battle of Maltepe (Pelekanon): Ottoman Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15796, 8986732, 22629, 16972981 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 39 ], [ 41, 54 ], [ 66, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 69292, 69842 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 25, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Construction begins on the Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Andrew in Frombork, Poland.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 35939795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 124 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amberg, Germany, passes to the House of Wittelsbach.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 191726, 38848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 32, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Michael of Cesena is deposed as General of the Franciscans.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 252503, 64176 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 48, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia defeats Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 236637, 462319 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ], [ 40, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wiesbaden is granted the right of coinage by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 42607, 38802 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 46, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 26 Anne of Bavaria, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1353)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28178, 9671393, 39520 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 30 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 22 Elisabeth of Meissen, Burgravine consort of Nuremberg (d. 1375)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21526, 9598574, 39538 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 72, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 John I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 6230332, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Fairuzabadi, Persian Arab lexicographer (d. 1414)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2709973, 39898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Prince Lazar of Serbia (d. 1389)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 326125, 34881 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 23 ], [ 28, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip II, Prince of Taranto (d. 1374)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1205234, 36367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ], [ 34, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hosokawa Yoriyuki, Japanese samurai (d. 1392)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8925188, 39549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 17 Saint Roseline, Carthusian nun (b. 1263)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15920, 5718174, 42498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 21 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1282)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2483, 655713, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 9 John Drokensford, Bishop of Bath and Wells", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19524, 12931373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 31 Albertino Mussato, Italian statesman and writer (b. 1261)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19653, 9919358, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 7 Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (b. 1274)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15795, 26582, 47063, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 27, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 30 Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, emperor of the Yuan dynasty and the Mongol Empire (b. 1300)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1794, 1086606, 19606306, 240146, 35241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 52 ], [ 69, 81 ], [ 90, 103 ], [ 108, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 27 Mahaut, Countess of Artois (b. 1268)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22434, 2651285, 42503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Walter Herok, Bishop of Aberdeen", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9682872 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Michael of Imereti", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1785506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Oshin of Korikos, regent of Armenia (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 403548 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Edward, Count of Savoy (b. 1284)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 69288, 35327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 28, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maol Íosa IV, Earl of Strathearn", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3382615 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] } ]

[ "1329" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1330 (MCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 15 Edward, the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England (d. 1376)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15936, 58917, 46377, 39539 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 34 ], [ 43, 64 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 4 Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shōgun (d. 1367)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15849, 234810, 10736899, 39532 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 25 Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22333, 2587114, 39545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Frans Ackerman, Flemish statesman (d. 1387)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 849823, 39548 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Euphemia of Sicily, princess regent of Sicily (d. 1359)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34324442, 34880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Altichiero, Italian painter (d. 1390)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 718319, 39551 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nicolas Flamel, French scribe and manuscript-seller, reputed alchemist (d. 1417)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 204975, 39900 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 76, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Gower, English poet (d. 1410)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 175991, 35204 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 13 Duke Frederick I of Austria (b. 1286)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16191, 1147252, 42320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 21 Joan II, Countess of Burgundy, queen dowager of France (b. 1291)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23751607, 8435895, 39982 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 42 ], [ 72, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 19 Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, son of Edward I and brother of Edward II (executed by Roger Mortimer) (b. 1301)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20316, 986366, 39948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 48 ], [ 124, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 3 Alexios II Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1282)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19350, 3101398, 652643, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 33 ], [ 35, 55 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " c. July 31 Tsar Michael Shishman of Bulgaria (b. 1280s?)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18679439, 2096979, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 11 ], [ 18, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 25 Sir James Douglas, Scottish guerilla leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence (b. 1286)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1519, 682110, 42320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 29 ], [ 101, 105 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 28 Elizabeth of Bohemia, queen consort of Bohemia (b. 1292)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27533, 1988573, 39981 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, de facto ruler of England (b. 1287)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 441235, 42512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 47 ], [ 79, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Pietro Cavallini, Italian artist (b. 1259)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 329516, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guillaume Durand, French clergyman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 364732 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Immanuel the Roman, Italian scholar and poet (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 60811, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 235133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, Marinid prince and shaykh al-ghuzat of the Emirate of Granada", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 61762611, 61762771 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 43, 59 ] ] } ]

[ "1330" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1332 (MCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321387, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 28, 59 ], [ 105, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces (possibly in 1329).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 1813703, 606626, 39970 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 28, 47 ], [ 116, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 1011 Battle of Dupplin Moor: Edward Balliol rebels, and the English defeat the loyalists of David II in Scotland.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 2315, 2192, 358124, 23777994, 407950, 147969, 23248387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 10, 12 ], [ 14, 36 ], [ 38, 52 ], [ 69, 76 ], [ 101, 109 ], [ 113, 121 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September Edward Balliol crowns himself King of Scotland.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 27529 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 7 Lucerne joins the Swiss Confederation with Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 21667, 184017, 230971, 292846, 174612 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 56, 59 ], [ 61, 67 ], [ 73, 84 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 16 Battle of Annan: The loyalists of David II defeat Edward Balliol in Scotland.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 8219, 11803234, 147969, 23777994, 26994 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 48, 56 ], [ 64, 78 ], [ 82, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The city of Marosvásárhely (in Transylvania, today Târgu Mureș in Romania) is first documented in the papal registry, under the name Novum Forum Siculorum.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 370049, 370049, 25445 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 27 ], [ 52, 63 ], [ 67, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 27 Ibn Khaldun, North African Arab historian (d. 1406)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19624, 199169, 39558 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 20 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 8 Cangrande II della Scala, Lord of Verona (d. 1359)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15864, 10842107, 34880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 33 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 16 Isabella de Coucy, English princess, daughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1379 or 1382)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15935, 9385350, 46377, 39542, 36370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 64, 85 ], [ 90, 94 ], [ 98, 102 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 18 John V Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1391)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15815, 74224, 4016, 39550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ], [ 30, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 10 King Charles II of Navarre (d. 1387)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22367, 77357, 39548 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Pero López de Ayala, Spanish soldier (d. 1407)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3710206, 39559 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster (d. 1363)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1700152, 39528 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andrea Vanni, Italian painter (d. c. 1414)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14345892, 39898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hanna van Recklinghausen, Dutch banker", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 30758281 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xu Da, Chinese military leader (d. 1385)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6302676, 39546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Approximate", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " William Langland, English poet (d. c.1400)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 305342, 36302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Catherine of Vadstena, Swedish saint (d. 1381)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 353296, 39543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 21 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 8 Andronikos III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15988, 3433811, 652643 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 41 ], [ 43, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February Henry Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey (b. c. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10845, 2878027, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 41 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 13 Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1259)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11170, 1761, 4016, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 39 ], [ 41, 58 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 13 Theodore Metochita, Byzantine Empire statesman, author, man of learning, and patron of the arts (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22693343, 142422, 16972981, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 31, 47 ], [ 111, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 16 Adam de Brome, founder of Oriel College, Oxford", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15935, 1187044, 128362, 22308 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 23 ], [ 36, 49 ], [ 51, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 20 Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15803, 1372516, 26994 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 44 ], [ 56, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 2 King Christopher II of Denmark (b. 1276)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1154, 504037, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 11 at the Battle of Dupplin Moor ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2192, 358124 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 19, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Domhnall II, Earl of Mar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 412409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert II Keith, Marischal of Scotland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11213021 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas Randolph, 2nd Earl of Moray", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1372546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Murdoch III, Earl of Menteith", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11213677 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert Bruce, Lord of Liddesdale", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11213156 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (b. 1304)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1086681, 19606306, 39951 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 38 ], [ 55, 67 ], [ 72, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (b. 1326)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1086520, 19606306, 34879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 42 ], [ 59, 71 ], [ 76, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " approximate date Mary of Woodstock, English princess (b. 1279)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24600374, 42506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 36 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] } ]

[ "1332" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1335 (MCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 24 Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19459, 20277747, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 27 Yi Seong-gye, Korean founder of the Joseon Dynasty", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22434, 411354, 324222 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 49, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gülçiçek Hatun, first wife of Ottoman Sultan Murad I", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22393885, 19986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 46, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marko Mrnjavčević, de jure Serbian king", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 231555, 9160, 2843257 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 20, 27 ], [ 28, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Milica, wife of Prince Lazar of Serbia (d. 1405)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5518059, 326125, 36212 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 24, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Tiphaine Raguenel, Breton astrologer (d. 1373)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 68557116, 39537 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 17 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 2 Duke Henry of Carinthia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1777, 875094 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 15, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 12 Prince Moriyoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1308)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1491, 355612, 10736899, 36361 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 23 Heilwige Bloemardinne, Dutch Christian mystic (b. c. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1628, 22495389, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 33 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 31 Marie of Évreux, French noblewoman (b. 1303)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22437, 22575095, 39950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 1 Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1305)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8357, 35016469, 542300, 39952 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 35 ], [ 57, 66 ], [ 71, 75 ] ] } ]

[ "1335" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1337 (MCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 21 ], [ 29, 62 ], [ 108, 123 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 25 Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg, Czech Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1383)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10930, 5563404, 39544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 46 ], [ 77, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1410)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 703407, 35204 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jean Froissart, historian and courtier from Hainaut (d. 1405)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 143281, 690885, 36212 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 45, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bianca of Savoy, lady consort of Milan (d. 1387)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28138010, 39548 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jeong Mong-ju, Goryeo diplomat and poet (d. 1392)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 430403, 188435, 39549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 16, 22 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert III of Scotland, second monarch from the House of Stewart to rule Scotland (d. 1406)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 147959, 39558 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 87, 91 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 8 Giotto di Bondone, Italian painter (b. 1267)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15988, 27729289, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 29 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 7 William I, Count of Hainaut (b. 1286)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15795, 690971, 42320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 15 Angelo da Clareno, Italian Franciscan and leader of a group of Fraticelli (b. 1247)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15936, 204240, 204235, 42487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 73, 83 ], [ 88, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 25 Frederick III of Sicily (b. 1272)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15799, 150904, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 30 Eleanor de Clare, politically active English noble (b. 1290)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15843, 1328938, 39983 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " William Frangipani, Latin Archbishop of Patras", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 39748977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Musa I of Mali, ruler of the Malian Empire (b. c.1280)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 159784 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Prince Narinaga, Japanese Shōgun (b. 1326, d. either 1337 or 1344, the sources are contradictory)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 355697, 10736899, 34879, 39514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] } ]

[ "1337" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1339 (MCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 28, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 23 Louis I, Duke of Anjou (d. 1384)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16181, 598361, 39545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 32 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 1 Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1365)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21460, 743182, 36123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Pope Alexander V, Antipope (d. 1410)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23535646, 35204 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 32, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Erik Magnusson, king of parts of Sweden 13561359 (d. 1359)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1155180, 39523, 34880, 34880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 41, 45 ], [ 45, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (d. 1393)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3460552, 36369 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pope Innocent VII (d. 1406)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24642, 39558 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 23, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John IV, Duke of Brittany (d. 1399)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 640415, 39555 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Juana Manuel of Castile, queen consort of Castile (d. 1381)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4157762, 39543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ali ibn Mohammed al-Jurjani, Persian Arab encyclopaedist (d. 1414)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20884188, 39898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 17 Otto, Duke of Austria (b. 1301)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11164, 1159679, 39948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 26 Aldona Ona, Queen of Poland (b. c. 1309)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19648, 2810, 39954 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 16 Azzone Visconti, founder of the state of Milan (b. 1302)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1448, 7951327, 39949 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 27 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 25 Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (b. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1519, 981577, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 1 Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1305)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27530, 8304017, 39952 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 19 Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan (b. 1288)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28147, 45766, 42513 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 31 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 29 Grand Prince Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver (b. 1301)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22435, 4399246, 39948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] } ]

[ "1339" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1298 (MCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 28, 61 ], [ 107, 122 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 12 Albert II, Duke of Austria (d. 1358)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8633, 1151624, 39525 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Charles, Duke of Calabria, a grandson of Sicilian King Charles II of Naples (d. 1328)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5735007, 161745, 39968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 56, 76 ], [ 81, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elisabeth of Carinthia, queen consort of Sicily (d. after 1347)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8962043, 39512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu'l-Qasim Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi, Andalusian Islamic scholar (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 512038, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sir Andrew Murray, Scottish soldier (d. 1338)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27770450, 36366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 2 Lodomer, Hungarian archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15788, 43603306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 17 Árni Þorláksson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1237)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1974, 11881125, 40068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 26 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 11 Yolanda of Poland, Hungarian princess (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15796, 11791950, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 2 King Adolf of Germany (b. c. 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15846, 151043, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 13 or July 16 Jacobus de Voragine, Italian chronicler and archbishop of Genoa", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15878, 15947, 142916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 12, 19 ], [ 21, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 22 Sir John de Graham, Scottish soldier at the Battle of Falkirk", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15996, 5547332 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 14, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 23 King Thoros III, King of Armenia (b. c. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16181, 405219, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 15, 42 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 1 Mordechai ben Hillel, German rabbi, in Rintfleisch massacres (b. c. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1254, 2116072, 5181939, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 50, 71 ], [ 79, 83 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 28 William Houghton, English-born Archbishop of Dublin", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1781, 9538495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 29 Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar (b. 1269)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1793, 13732955, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 11 Philip of Artois, French soldier (b. 1269)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27935, 2649177, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 31 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 29 Guido I da Montefeltro, Italian military strategist and Franciscan (b. 1223)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28204, 5508315, 36064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 37 ], [ 86, 90 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 19 Mechtilde, Saxon saint (b. c. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21574, 2918019, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 9 Archibald, Scottish prelate", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8589, 11022775 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 31 Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1249) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8204, 951616, 37338, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 53 ], [ 63, 70 ], [ 75, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Gerard of Lunel, French saint", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14163354 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Procida, Italian physician and diplomat (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5830792, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ram Khamhaeng, Thai king of Sukhothai (b. c. 1237)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 369227, 40068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Smilets of Bulgaria, Emperor (tsar)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2096959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nino Visconti, ruler of Gallula", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9297255 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, Scottish warlord", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7379084 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas the Rhymer, Scottish minstrel", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 65102 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] } ]

[ "1298" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1296 (MCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311406, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "<onlyinclude>", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " March 30 Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most of the residents, including those who flee to the churches.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 19849, 22789996, 46373, 89797, 23248387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 36, 55 ], [ 76, 94 ], [ 127, 135 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 12 King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang establishes a new capital by founding Chiangmai, and founds the Mangrai Dynasty, that will rule the Lanna Kingdom of Chiangmai from 1296 to 1578 (the 700th Anniversary Stadium will be built in remembrance of this foundation).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1009, 557995, 232026, 201443, 4205676 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 16, 23 ], [ 85, 94 ], [ 147, 152 ], [ 197, 222 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 27 Battle of Dunbar: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 2326, 59995, 50961, 621133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 29, 41 ], [ 102, 137 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 20 Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji dies, and his nephew and son-in-law Ala-Ud-Din-Khalji comes to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in Hindustan, becoming the most powerful ruler of his dynasty.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15803, 2213684, 37821646, 295402, 489492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 35 ], [ 72, 89 ], [ 117, 132 ], [ 136, 145 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boniface of Verona expels the Byzantines from their last remaining strongholds on Euboea.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 12142253, 16972981, 79682 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 31, 41 ], [ 83, 89 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan spends a year at the court of Khmer King Indravarman III at Angkor, and pens a journal setting forth his observations.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 3998132, 1429661, 12076574, 89811 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 29 ], [ 60, 65 ], [ 71, 86 ], [ 90, 96 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " approximate date Tarabya, self-proclaimed king of Pegu, is defeated in single combat on war elephants by Wareru.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 54500244, 54557640, 25411774 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 26 ], [ 44, 56 ], [ 107, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 10 \"Blind\" King John I of Bohemia (d. 1346)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2315, 38197, 36119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 25, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December Marjorie Bruce, Scottish princess, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland (d. 1316)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8143, 1238913, 39960 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ], [ 88, 92 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Charles of Taranto (d. 1315)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 42698593, 39959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ], [ 23, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Thessalonica (d. 1359)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 125307, 34880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roland of Sicily, Italian nobleman (d. 1361)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7088773, 39526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " probable", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Algirdas, ruler of Lithuania (d. 1377)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1175523, 39540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Blanche of Burgundy, queen consort of France (d. 1326)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7767342, 34879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shi Naian, Chinese author (d. 1370)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 393459, 39535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tamagusuku, ruler of Chuzan", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11374112 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 8 King Przemysł II of Poland (b. 1257)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11360, 371053, 42492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 11 John le Romeyn, Archbishop of York", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19530, 3367937 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 24 Odon de Pins, French Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20209, 14202410, 7193755 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 23 ], [ 32, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19345, 559378 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 4 ], [ 6, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 19 Pope Celestine V (b. 1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19632, 24156, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 5 Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England (b. 1245)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15820, 433508, 46591, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ], [ 58, 78 ], [ 83, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 27 Floris V, Count of Holland (b. 1254)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15801, 303070, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 7 Heinrich II von Rotteneck, prince-bishop of Regensburg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1332, 41538377 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 9 Hugh, Count of Brienne, French crusader", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1027, 1944302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 Louis III, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1269)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 13047255, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 1 Guillaume Durand, French canonist and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21460, 276007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Isabella of Mar, Scottish countess, spouse of Robert I of Scotland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 413361, 26582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ], [ 46, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adam de Darlington, Bishop of Caithness (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13668458 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Philippe de Rémi, French lawyer and royal official (b. c. 1247)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 313751, 42487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Campanus of Novara, Italian astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3926883, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (b. 1275)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 378112, 39985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji, founder of the Khalji dynasty in India", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2213684, 1921242 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 43, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tarabya of Pegu, self-proclaimed ruler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 54500244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford (b. c.1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14335734 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] } ]

[ "1296" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1295 (MCCXCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 16 Elizabeth de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1360)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27650, 184453, 36171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 33 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "date unknown", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47621, 39525 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "John IV, Duke of Brittany (d. 1345)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 640415, 14944095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 628906, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ], [ 29, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jean Buridan, French philosopher (d. 1363)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 172466, 39528 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "probable", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (d. 1361)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 977858, 39526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joanna of Flanders, military leader in the War of the Breton Succession (approximate date; d. 1374)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1367878, 640282, 36367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ], [ 43, 71 ], [ 94, 98 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Nicephorus Gregoras, Byzantine historian (approximate date; d. 1360)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 142391, 36171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 2 Agnes of Baden, German noblewoman (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15788, 44469669, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 11 Bayan of the Baarin, Mongol general (b. 1236)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15847, 13983827, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 21 Gaykhatu, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1259)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20329, 1983390, 542300, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 19 ], [ 41, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 31 Robert V de Brus, Scottish nobleman (b. 1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20587, 2604517, 28978421, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 38, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 10 Baldwin of Avesnes, French nobleman (b. 1219)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2564, 34255457, 39994 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 25 Sancho IV (the Brave), king of Castile (b. 1258)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2733, 179058, 750274, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 42, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 28 Barnim II, Polish nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1277)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19672, 15810648, 35497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 1 Pietro Peregrosso, Italian scholar and cardinal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1254, 49266232 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 12 Charles Martel, titular king of Hungary (b. 1271)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1491, 673254, 41235373, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 44, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Baydu, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 1983439, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 17 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 7 Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (b. 1243)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8144, 373696, 42483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 16 Roger de Meyland, English sheriff and bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8219, 12995418 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 20 Margaret of Provence, queen of France (b. 1221)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8849, 511471, 376974, 36189 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 45, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice of Navarre, French noblewoman and regent (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21924095, 35348624, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 44, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fenenna of Kuyavia (or Kujawska), queen of Hungary (b. 1276)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23541677, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nicholas of Gorran, French preacher and theologian (b. 1232)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6242988, 36068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Padishah Khatun, Mongol female ruler and writer (b. 1256)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36227983, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] } ]

[ "1295" ]

[ "1295 AD", "1295 CE" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "<onlyinclude>", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 20754760, 952728, 147911, 542300, 19606306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ], [ 107, 123 ], [ 145, 157 ], [ 173, 182 ], [ 202, 214 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 5 Following the Papal election, 1292–94, Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15861, 16902811, 24156, 46068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 23, 46 ], [ 48, 64 ], [ 74, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Autumn In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 2723631 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 89, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 24 Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 8359, 24060, 24156, 8852 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ], [ 42, 58 ], [ 127, 138 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 50961, 46373, 19360300, 21241, 43473, 39977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 56, 75 ], [ 171, 184 ], [ 201, 207 ], [ 278, 307 ], [ 324, 328 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 132799, 46373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 88, 107 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, better known simply as Il Duomo); he also begins work on the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 313104, 220884, 704079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 28 ], [ 37, 55 ], [ 167, 188 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 407950, 9352542, 294809 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 60, 85 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 46373, 77169, 24060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 25, 40 ], [ 135, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 18 or June 19 Charles IV of France (d. 1328)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15815, 15817, 78500, 39968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 12, 19 ], [ 21, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John, Duke of Durazzo (d. 1336)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5763270, 36359 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 27, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "date unknown Kusunoki Masashige, Japanese samurai (d. 1336)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1406669, 36359 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 32 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2804184, 39516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 20754760, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 3 John I, Duke of Brabant", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19350, 75945 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 12 John I of Brienne, Count of Eu", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15806, 2399657 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 25 Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8270, 530797 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "date unknown ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Emperor Yagbe'u Seyon of Ethiopia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1817559 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 8, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Brunetto Latini, Florentine philosopher (b. c. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 847388, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Dmitri of Pereslavl, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2232810 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] } ]

[ "1294" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1293 (MCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 59 ], [ 105, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Ruysbroeck, Flemish mystic (approximate date; d. 1381)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 852632, 39543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 212096, 39516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fedlim Ó Conchobair, King of Connacht (d. 1316)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1629221, 74200, 39960 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip V of France (d. 1322)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 78498, 36360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 24, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip VI of France (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 77498, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 25, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2003594, 34879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 2 Meir of Rothenburg, German rabbi (b. c.1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19349, 1663295, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 26 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 29 Henry of Ghent, philosopher (b. c.1217)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15842, 834596, 39992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 10 Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon (b. 1237)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21760, 16260614, 40068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 14 Al-Ashraf Khalil, Mamluk sultan of Egypt (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8851, 1314242 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "date unknown", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "David VI Narin, King of Georgia (b. 1225)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1784107, 48768, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ], [ 24, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "William of Rubruck, Flemish Franciscan missionary (approximate date; b. c.1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 998540, 64176, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ], [ 28, 38 ], [ 74, 78 ] ] } ]

[ "1293" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1292 (MCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319727, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Castilian forces led by King Sancho IV (the Brave) begin the siege of Tarifa, eleven newly built engines bombard the city constantly by land and sea. Meanwhile, Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, provides the army of Sancho with men, arms and also aid the blockade in the Strait of Gibraltar. Muhammad attacks Marinid outposts, and his forces seize Estepona on the coast to the west of Málaga. Sancho conquers Tarifa after a siege of four months, on October 13.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 179058, 309362, 11224617, 19253132, 28181, 877940, 184763, 22554 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 39, 48 ], [ 80, 86 ], [ 171, 182 ], [ 200, 207 ], [ 285, 304 ], [ 362, 370 ], [ 399, 405 ], [ 463, 473 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December Muhammad II sends ambassadors to the Castilian court to ask Sancho IV (the Brave) to surrender Tarifa. Sancho refuses to yield the city to Granada and Muhammad, feeling betrayed, switches sides to form an alliance with the Marinids.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " November 17 John Balliol is selected by King Edward I (Longshanks) as ruler of Scotland at Berwick, from among 13 competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in 1296. John is crowned at Scone, on November 30, on St. Andrew's Day. Scotland's castles are returned to the powerful magnates.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 21798, 50961, 46373, 23248387, 89797, 1130058, 66004, 43473, 39977, 18699529, 21577, 1067315 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 47, 55 ], [ 81, 89 ], [ 93, 100 ], [ 116, 153 ], [ 184, 196 ], [ 243, 272 ], [ 288, 292 ], [ 313, 318 ], [ 323, 334 ], [ 339, 355 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December John Balliol is summoned by Edward I (Longshanks) to Westminster to answer an appeal by Macduff of Fife against a judgment imposed on him by the Scottish Parliament. John refuses to answer MacDuff's appeal, 'without consulting the people of his realm'. Edward asks for compensation for the violation of English law and demands to hand him over three Scottish castles as repayment for the crime committed.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 37432, 36466286 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 75 ], [ 99, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mamluk forces under Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil accompanied by his vizier Ibn al-Sal'us arrive in Damascus. Khalil travels via Aleppo to besiege the castle of Qal'at ar-Rum (\"Castle of the Romans\"), which is the official seat of Stephen IV, patriarch of Armenia. The Mamluks besiege the castle with more than 30 catapults and capture it after 30 days.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1314242, 49707343, 8914, 159244, 660976, 24289616, 10918072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 28, 44 ], [ 71, 84 ], [ 95, 103 ], [ 124, 130 ], [ 156, 169 ], [ 226, 236 ], [ 251, 258 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Ashraf Khalil returns to Damascus and assembles an army to attack Sis, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. An Armenian embassy arrives in Damascus, and reaches a settlement with Khalil. The cities of Til Hemdun, Marash and Behesni are given to the Mamluks in order to maintain peace.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 147637, 1118477, 4544224, 2731392, 4444328 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 73 ], [ 94, 121 ], [ 217, 227 ], [ 229, 235 ], [ 240, 247 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November Michael II becomes Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (until 1312).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 17124679, 219283, 36900, 39955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 21 ], [ 30, 45 ], [ 59, 66 ], [ 74, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kublai Khan sends a Mongol expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) to Java. He collects from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in southern China an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year. The fleet travels past Champa (modern Vietnam) and the Karimata Islands. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of Kediri, but it proves impossible to hold.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 20754760, 69336, 88585, 173817, 1109672, 5405, 153039, 202354, 1403752, 7188517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 69, 73 ], [ 92, 98 ], [ 100, 107 ], [ 112, 119 ], [ 132, 137 ], [ 239, 245 ], [ 254, 261 ], [ 271, 287 ], [ 337, 343 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " King Mangrai (the Great) of Ngoenyang conquers and annexes the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai, creating a political union in the form of the Lanna Kingdom.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 557995, 22450856, 158967, 417423, 201443 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 13 ], [ 29, 38 ], [ 64, 67 ], [ 79, 91 ], [ 139, 152 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Vaghela Dynasty in Gujarat (located along the western coast of India) is subjugated by the Deccan Yadava Dynasty of Daulatabad.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 1401482, 53707, 2978812, 14533, 459370, 6119559, 913398 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 20 ], [ 24, 31 ], [ 51, 64 ], [ 68, 73 ], [ 96, 102 ], [ 103, 117 ], [ 121, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Spring The Taxatio Ecclesiastica, compiled in 1291–1292, is completed under the order of Pope Nicholas IV. The Taxatio is a detailed database valuation for ecclesiastical taxation of English, Welsh and Irish churches.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 35982264, 46068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 13, 34 ], [ 96, 107 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 4 Nicholas IV dies after a 4-year pontificate in Rome. The cardinals assemble at Perugia to elect a new pope (1292–1294 papal election). ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 18951826, 25458, 51594, 16902811 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 57, 61 ], [ 89, 96 ], [ 118, 142 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "</onlyinclude>", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " January 20 Elizabeth of Bohemia, queen of Bohemia (d. 1330)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16025, 1988573, 1625048, 39971 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ], [ 44, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 29 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Syrian polymath (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15814, 1810438, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 35 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 28 Philip of Castile, Spanish nobleman and prince (d. 1327)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19672, 36612176, 28978421, 39967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ], [ 36, 44 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Otto the Mild, German nobleman and knight (d. 1344)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 12551605, 39514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 23 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 3 Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1337)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22347, 1328938, 39974 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chu Văn An, Vietnamese physician and mandarin (d. 1370)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28672697, 1524821, 39535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 38, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, Tibetan religious leader (d. 1361)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3173918, 39526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elisenda of Montcada, queen and regent of Aragon (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 29215936, 35348624, 586776, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 33, 39 ], [ 43, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Evrard d'Orleans, French Gothic sculptor and painter (d. 1357)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 31778901, 894938, 39524 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 26, 32 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerhard III (the Great), German nobleman and prince (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2890355, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry IV (the Faithful), Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21612818, 39516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry Burghersh, English bishop and statesman (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 995963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John VI (Kantakouzenos), Byzantine emperor (d. 1383)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 74226, 39544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Grandisson, English chaplain and bishop (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 13041658, 183232, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 34 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Marmion, Norman nobleman and knight (d. 1335)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 48169109, 39973 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard of Wallingford, English mathematician (d. 1336)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3932412, 36359 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert de Stratford, English bishop and chancellor (d. 1362)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12456355, 39527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Saionji Neishi (or Yasuko), Japanese court lady (d. 1337)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 71274649 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Siemowit of Bytom, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22816236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 6 William VII, Italian nobleman and knight (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11021, 8835342, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 24 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 10 Maurice VI de Craon, French nobleman (b. 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10991, 38950626, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 28 Hugh de Courtenay, English nobleman (b. 1251) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11311, 26099561, 38709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 31 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 4 Nicholas IV, Italian pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1227)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18951826, 46068, 606848, 36262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 43, 58 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 16 Thibaud Gaudin, French nobleman and Grand Master", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1334, 9354515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 2 Conrad II, German nobleman (House of Teck) (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19349, 6198173, 75018, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 17 ], [ 36, 49 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 8 Amato Ronconi, Italian monk, hermit and saint (b. 1226)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19353, 44583524, 271054, 36066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 21 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 2 Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman and prince (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15855, 27786055, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 24 Kinga of Poland, Hungarian princess and abbess (b. 1224)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15888, 9740461, 1301, 36065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 50, 56 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 25 Alice of Saluzzo, Savoyan noblewoman and co-ruler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28203, 21459412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 30 William I, German nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27843, 12545519, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 24 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 3 Benvenuta Bojani, Italian nun, mystic and saint (b. 1254)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22347, 51249860, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 John of Flanders, Flemish nobleman and prince-bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 42679730 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 20 Saionji Kisshi (or Ōmiya-in), empress of Japan (b. 1225)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22442, 33832729, 15573, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 54, 59 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 25 Robert Burnell, English bishop and chancellor (b. 1239)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22333, 153669, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Euphrosyne of Opole, Polish noblewoman and regent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 24134620 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 8 John Peckham, English archbishop and writer (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8194, 142601, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abraham Abulafia, Spanish scholar, philosopher and writer (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 530812 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " As-Suwaydi, Syrian physician, pharmacologist and writer (b. 1204)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 46843022, 34986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice of Savoy, Savoyan noblewoman (House of Savoy) (b. 1250) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12797636, 69842 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 40, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernard of Trilia, French monk, theologian and philosopher (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18125859 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Darmabala (Protector of the Law), Mongolian nobleman (b. 1264)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 66580420, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gertrude of Hackeborn, German noblewoman and abbess (b. 1232)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3812251, 36068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guiraut Riquier de Narbona, French troubadour and writer (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 986793, 63788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 36, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ingeborg of Sweden, Swedish princess (House of Bjelbo) (b. 1263)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 34832266, 2224570, 42498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 39, 54 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marjorie (or Margaret), Scottish noblewoman (suo jure) (b. 1256)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1596828, 7564133, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 46, 54 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger Bacon, English monk, philosopher and scientist (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 25879, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] } ]

[ "1292" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1291 (MCCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 8 Afonso IV (the Brave), king of Portugal (d. 1357)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11360, 1660, 9352542, 39524 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 44, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 9 Cangrande I della Scala, Italian nobleman (d. 1329)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20054, 3084385, 28978421, 39970 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 33 ], [ 43, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 10 Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman and knight (d. 1314)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19629, 5264437, 39958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 12 Ichijō Uchitsune, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) (d. 1325)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1491, 12956979, 11208206, 39966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 49, 54 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 23 Bolesław III, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1352)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27651, 20910919, 39519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 27 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 31 Philippe de Vitry, French musician and poet (d. 1361)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22437, 690297, 39526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 15 Aymon (the Peaceful), Savoyan nobleman (d. 1343)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8145, 69292, 39515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 19 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 20 Margareta Ebner, German nun and mystic (d. 1351)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8849, 3433506, 36365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh de Audley, English nobleman, knight and diplomat (d. 1347)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10729893, 39512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Luis de la Cerda, French nobleman, prince and admiral (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 31451560, 36120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Luitgard of Wittichen, German nun, abbess and mystic (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 53665871, 1301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 36, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marie of Artois, French noblewoman (House of Artois) (d. 1365)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49279449, 12986932, 36123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 37, 52 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shah Kamal Quhafah, Arab philanthropist and mystic (d. 1385)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 42451628, 39546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tōin Kinkata, Japanese official, historian and writer (d. 1360)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 64388555, 36171 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 5 Sa'ad al-Dawla, Persian physician and vizier (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20314, 5290740, 242409, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 48, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 10 Arghun Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1258)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20196, 1528104, 542300, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 44, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 16 Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari, Indian Sufi preacher (b. 1196)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19818, 8036430, 28246, 36136 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 34 ], [ 43, 47 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 11 Thomas Ingoldsthorpe, English archdeacon and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19452, 13101527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 18 Matthew of Clermont, French nobleman and Marshal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19389, 70116350 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 25 Benedict, Swedish nobleman, prince and knight (b. 1254)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19354, 5735737, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 17 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 5 John I, German nobleman (House of Ascania) (b. 1260)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15820, 18896548, 2441, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 15 ], [ 34, 50 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 18 Alfonso III (or II) (the Liberal), king of Aragon (b. 1265)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15815, 1683, 586776, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 53, 59 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 25 Eleanor of Provence, queen consort of England (b. 1223)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15799, 228551, 407950, 36064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 48, 55 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 27 Tanhum of Jerusalem, Outremer lexicographer (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15801, 67256067, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 12 Herman VII (the Rouser), German nobleman (b. 1266)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15971, 34966153, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 15 Rudolf I, king of Germany (House of Habsburg) (b. 1218)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16088, 45321, 3190225, 13824, 39993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 18 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 37, 54 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 16 Frederick Tuta, German nobleman and regent (b. 1269)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1448, 34790486, 35348624, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 48, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 8 Henry I, German nobleman, prince and knight (b. 1245)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22543, 14109082, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 19 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 11 Francesco Lippi, Italian monk and hermit (b. 1211)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8396, 51243034, 271054, 39997 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 48, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alfonso of Castile, Spanish nobleman and prince (infante) (b. 1286)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36995679, 1305133, 42320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 50, 57 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Badr al-Din Solamish, Mamluk ruler of Egypt and Syria (b. 1272)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14623398, 377373, 7515849, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 39, 44 ], [ 49, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guy de Montfort, English nobleman and Vicar-General (b. 1244)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1585898, 1661406, 42484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 39, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hong Dagu (or Jun-gi), Korean ruler and military leader (b. 1244) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 251333 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj, Qutlughkhanid prince and co-ruler (b. 1247)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 61972955, 42487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Niall Culanach O'Neill (or Culanagh), king of Tír Eoghain (b. 1231)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 64573695, 8664137, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 47, 58 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nuño González II, Spanish nobleman and knight (House of Lara) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49356467, 23274605 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 48, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip Marmion, Norman King's Champion, High Sheriff and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 46663718, 2397494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 24, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Braose, Norman nobleman (House of Braose) (b. 1224) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29596919, 30486622, 36065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 37, 52 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Beaujeu, French nobleman and Grand Master (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9465748, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] } ]

[ "1291" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1290 (MCCXC) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 3 Constance of Portugal, queen consort of Castile (d. 1313)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15789, 2406348, 750274, 36356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 33 ], [ 52, 59 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 6 Otto Bodrugan, English landowner and politician (d. 1331)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15986, 55097995, 36358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 25 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 23 Jakushitsu Genkō, Japanese Rinzai master and poet (d. 1367)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15831, 15358411, 1161669, 39532 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 4 Leopold I (the Glorious), German nobleman (d. 1326)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2418, 1220065, 28978421, 34879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 44, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 15 Anne of Bohemia, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1313)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22555, 19540685, 1625048 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 47, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 24 Khwaju Kermani, Persian poet and mystic (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8359, 3177811, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes Haakonsdatter, Norwegian noblewoman and princess (d. 1319)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 36195650, 39963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andrea Pisano (or Pontedera), Italian sculptor and architect (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 221657, 36120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Barlaam of Seminara, Italian cleric, scholar and theologian (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 374857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice of Silesia, queen of Germany (House of Piast) (d. 1322) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22030358, 3190225, 60738, 36360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 31, 38 ], [ 40, 54 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Buton Rinchen Drub, Tibetan Buddhist religious leader (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5859074, 3267529, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 37 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Daichi Sokei, Japanese Buddhist monk, disciple and poet (d. 1366)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 65735484, 39530 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Giovanni Visconti, Italian cardinal, archbishop and co-ruler (d. 1354)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7616037, 39521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guido Gonzaga, Italian nobleman and knight (condottiero) (d. 1369)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32754012, 313007, 39534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 45, 56 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugues Quiéret, French nobleman, admiral and advisor (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 26803603, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jacob van Artevelde, Flemish merchant and statesman (d. 1345)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 301091, 14944095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio, Italian doctor and polymath (d. 1359)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34613559, 34880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Johannes de Muris, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1344)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2553745, 39514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Maltravers, English nobleman, knight and governor (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 39970643 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Parricida, German nobleman (House of Habsburg) (d. 1312)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1213233, 13824, 39955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 34, 51 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jyotirishwar Thakur, Indian playwright, poet and writer (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 17427338, 39262, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 29, 39 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ke Jiusi, Chinese landscape painter and calligrapher (d. 1343)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18395323, 1359329, 39515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 36 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kitabatake Tomoyuki, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1332)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 68770515, 39972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kujō Fusazane, Japanese nobleman, official and regent (d. 1327)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12942360, 35348624, 39967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 48, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter of Castile, Spanish nobleman and prince (infante) (d. 1319)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 36469288, 1305133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 48, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pierre Bercheure, French translator and encyclopaedist (d. 1362)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3206135, 39527 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rabbenu Yerucham, French rabbi and scholar (posek) (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7512338, 51273, 23727586 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 26, 31 ], [ 45, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard de Willoughby, English landowner and politician (d. 1362)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6311955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rudolf Hesso, German nobleman (House of Zähringen) (d. 1335)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34068193, 75018, 39973 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 32, 50 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sesson Yūbai, Japanese Buddhist monk, priest and poet (d. 1347)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15360058, 39512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theodore I (Palaiologos), Byzantine nobleman and writer (d. 1338)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1713317, 36366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Willem van Duvenvoorde, Dutch nobleman and knight (d. 1353)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 62166989, 39520 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 28 Dervorguilla of Galloway, Scottish noblewoman (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15792, 2616584, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 14, 38 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 3 Henry XIII, German nobleman, co-ruler and knight (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11323, 4153477, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 24 John dal Bastone, Italian monk, priest and preacher (b. 1200)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20209, 32352654, 36394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 67, 71 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 26 John Kirkby, English bishop, vice-chancellor and statesman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20427, 3026365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 26 Gaston VII (Froissard), French nobleman and knight (b. 1225)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1261, 16874766, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 21 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 10 Rudolf II, German nobleman (House of Habsburg) (b. 1270)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19629, 1213203, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 8 Beatrice Portinari, Italian muse of Dante Alighieri (b. 1266)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15864, 597109, 71180, 8169, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 27 ], [ 37, 41 ], [ 45, 60 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 13 Shamsuddin II, Mamluk ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (b. 1285)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15816, 4099483, 295402, 42511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 23 ], [ 45, 60 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 23 Henryk IV (the Righteous), High Duke of Poland (b. 1258)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15831, 39017, 22936, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 50, 56 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 10 Ladislaus IV (the Cuman), king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1262)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15809, 161738, 41235373, 755314, 42497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 44, 51 ], [ 56, 63 ], [ 68, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 26 Margaret (Maid of Norway), queen of Scotland (b. 1283)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28178, 39843, 23248387, 42510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 23 ], [ 51, 59 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 10 Qalawun (the Victorious), Mamluk ruler of Egypt (b. 1222)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21760, 851013, 377373, 36260 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 56, 61 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 28 Eleanor of Castile, queen consort of England (b. 1241)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21579, 1304320, 407950, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ], [ 51, 58 ], [ 63, 67 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 18 ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8334 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Herman I, German nobleman (House of Henneberg) (b. 1224)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 33956131, 9318750, 36065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 28, 46 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Magnus III (or I) (Birgersson), king of Sweden (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 54885, 5058739, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 21 Gerhard I, German nobleman, knight and regent (b. 1232)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8850, 34776252, 36068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adelaide of Auxerre, French noblewoman and ruler (suo jure) (b. 1251)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18948068, 7564133, 38709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 51, 59 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alice de Lusignan, French noblewoman (House of Lusignan) (b. 1236)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17727609, 1287737, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 39, 56 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cecilia Cesarini (or Caecilia), Italian noblewoman and nun (b. 1203) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 64299093, 40002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eison, Japanese Buddhist scholar-monk, disciple and priest (b. 1201)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 54059296, 462109, 40003 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 17, 38 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elizabeth the Cuman, queen of Hungary (House of Arpad) (b. 1244)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14673441, 549494, 42484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 40, 54 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fakhr al-Din Mustawfi, Persian finance minister, advisor and vizier", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 65625035, 242409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 62, 68 ] ] } ]

[ "1290" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1276 (MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321387, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 21 Thomas de Multon, English nobleman (d. 1313)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11010, 25854662, 28978421, 36356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 40, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 3 Louis of Évreux, son of Philip III (the Bold) (d. 1319)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19350, 2382575, 78438, 39963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 23 ], [ 32, 42 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 14 Hugh de Courtenay, English nobleman (d. 1340) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27947, 20197700, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 32 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 29 Christopher II, king of Denmark (d. 1332)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28204, 504037, 11746442, 39972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 29 ], [ 39, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Margaret of Brabant, queen of Germany (d. 1311)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 3548446, 3190225, 39956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 31 ], [ 42, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 19 Hisaaki, Japanese prince and shogun (d. 1328)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22568, 380770, 39968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes of Bavaria, German noblewoman and regent (d. 1345)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35638361, 35348624, 14944095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Diederik II, German count of Limburg-Hohenlimburg (d. 1364)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 67236615, 2331439, 36122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 30, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Humphrey de Bohun, English nobleman and knight (d. 1322)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1029958, 36360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ichijō Uchisane, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1304)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12957024, 39951 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret of Lusignan, queen of Cilician Armenia (d. 1296)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27868045, 1118477, 39977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 32, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German co-ruler (d. 1318)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22259613, 39962 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maurice de Moravia (or Moray), Scottish nobleman (d. 1346)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9750477, 36119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Najm ad-Din al-Tufi, Persian scholar and theologian (d. 1316)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 63926892, 39960 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert of Anjou, king of Naples (House of Capet) (d. 1343)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 204279, 258779, 6279, 39515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 32 ], [ 34, 48 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas Dagworth, English nobleman and knight (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8178906, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vakhtang III, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (d. 1308)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1800564, 7466162, 5099651, 36361 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 23, 30 ], [ 32, 51 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 10 Gregory X, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16076, 24199, 606848, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 36, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 24 Walram II of Nassau, German nobleman (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15954, 3508509, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 26 Margaret of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (b. 1234)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20427, 34787220, 36069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 30 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 11 Zaynaddin ibn al-Ajami, Ayyubid scholar (b. 1195)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19452, 68740337, 40004 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 22 Innocent V, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15857, 24434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 27 Henry of Antioch, Outremer nobleman (b. 1217)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15801, 14221884, 39992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 27 James I (the Conqueror), king of Aragon (b. 1208)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15922, 63332, 586776, 39999 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 43, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 18 Adrian V, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1496, 23829, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 6 Vicedomino de Vicedominis, Italian cardinal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27948, 12529565 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 30 Hōjō Sanetoki, Japanese nobleman (b. 1224)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21577, 23601116, 36065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 27 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ahmad al-Badawi, Almohad Sufi scholar and mystic (b. 1200)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1809771, 28246, 36394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 30 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Benedict III, Hungarian priest, vice-chancellor and archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 57296829 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ela Longespee, English noblewoman and co-heiress (b. 1244)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 25043522, 42484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerardo of Borgo San Donnino, Italian friar, scholar and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3319880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet and founder of Dolce Stil Novo ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 898191, 893801 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 47, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Louis of France, French prince and heir apparent (b. 1264)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36436407, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hamuro Mitsutoshi, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 1203)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49801333, 40002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mathilde of Saarbrücken, German noblewoman and regent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 51502620 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Najm al-Din al-Qazwini al-Katibi, Persian scholar and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 26588920 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rolandino of Padua, Italian scholar, jurist and writer (b. 1200)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 32537881 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vasily of Kostroma, Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal (b. 1241)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2233094, 397839, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 37, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] } ]

[ "1276" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 18 Bartholomew Badlesmere, English nobleman (d. 1322)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1496, 59370, 28978421, 36360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 34 ], [ 44, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 27 John II (the Peaceful), Dutch nobleman (d. 1312)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27934, 75926, 39955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 22 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 20 Chungseon (or Wang Jang), Korean ruler (d. 1325)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22442, 4952261, 39966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Andrew Horn, English scholar, chamberlain and writer (d. 1328)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34653262, 39968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aymer de Valence, Anglo-French nobleman and knight (d. 1324)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 500006, 39965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dnyaneshwar, Indian Hindu poet, philosopher and writer (d. 1296)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 378112, 13543, 39977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 21, 26 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eleanor of Brittany, Anglo-Norman Benedictine abbess (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 46819369, 4240, 39516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 35, 46 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fernando de la Cerda, Spanish nobleman and prince (d. 1322)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21793346 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Tamefuji, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1324)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 55735167 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gasan Jōseki, Japanese Sōtō Zen monk and disciple (d. 1366)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18571317, 193543, 39530 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 24, 32 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerard of Lunel, French nobleman, monk and hermit (d. 1298) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14163354, 39976 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gregory of Raska, Serbian copyist, bishop and writer (d. 1321) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 65162964, 39964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gueraula de Codines, Spanish folk healer and occultist (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 53225746, 3433583, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 41 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hōjō Morotoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (shikken) (d. 1311)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21502330, 35348624, 411028, 39956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 46, 53 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugues de Bouville, French nobleman and chamberlain (d. 1331)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47336403, 36358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jón Halldórsson, Norwegian cleric, priest and bishop (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12224193, 39975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Musō Soseki, Japanese Rinzai Zen monk and teacher (d. 1351)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5793303, 1161669, 30153241, 36365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 23, 29 ], [ 30, 33 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter of Zittau, Bohemian abbot, historian and writer (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 41423937, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Takatsukasa Fuyuhira, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1327)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12761975, 39967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Alnwick, English friar, bishop and theologian (d. 1333)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1793272, 36357 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 6 Raymond of Penyafort, Spanish priest (b. 1175)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15986, 3054587, 40087 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 26 Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German poet (b. 1200)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15791, 2142608, 36394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 37 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 8 Paio Peres Correia, Portuguese Grand Master ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11360, 5978321 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 11 Urania of Worms, German Jewish precentress", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11184, 63222948, 51148216 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 45, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 26 Margaret of England, queen of Scotland (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11141, 5048432, 23248387, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ], [ 44, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 5 Shi Tianze, Chinese general and politician (b. 1202)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20314, 40185205, 36056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 9 Fujiwara no Chōshi, Japanese empress (b. 1218)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20054, 34392474, 39993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 24 Beatrice of England, countess of Richmond (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20209, 3927139, 180338, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 30 ], [ 44, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 13 Eleanor of England, countess of Leicester (b. 1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1541, 686109, 51155, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 43, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 6 Marie of Brienne, Latin empress and regent (b. 1224)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19514, 17420619, 36065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 24 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 21 Cecile of Baux, Savoyan noblewoman and regent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19684, 30695499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 29 Sophie of Thuringia, duchess of Brabant (b. 1224)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19355, 27678700, 4589770 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ], [ 41, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 17 Arghun Aqa (the Elder), Mongol nobleman (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15798, 25762613, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 15 Lorenzo Tiepolo (or Theupolo), doge of Venice", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1442, 7622391, 613492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 27 ], [ 51, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 8 Nuño González de Lara, Spanish nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28488, 49329098 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 24 Humphrey IV de Bohun, English nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28202, 1613913 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 21 Sancho of Aragon, archbishop of Toledo (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22570, 51379994, 2701054, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 45, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 23 Ferdinand de la Cerda, Spanish prince (b. 1255)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22572, 834465, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 34 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 23 Margaret of Bar, French noblewoman (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21806, 23122030, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 17 Eric Birgersson, Swedish nobleman (b. 1250)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8322, 36411708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice of Sicily, Latin empress of Constantinople (b. 1252)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17436137, 5646, 35325 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 38, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernard IV of Lippe, German nobleman and knight (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36852321, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bohemond VI (the Fair), Outremer prince and knight (b. 1237)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 531631, 40068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dietrich VI of Meissen, German nobleman and knight (b. 1226)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22391569, 36066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Tameie, Japanese waka poet and writer (b. 1198)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9867847, 34999845, 40061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 30, 34 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey of Briel (or Bruyères), Achaean nobleman (b. 1223)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 40285098, 36064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jia Sidao, Chinese politician and Grand Chancellor (b. 1213)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27132962, 39995 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John FitzJohn, English nobleman and rebel leader (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 62361494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kujō Tadaie, Japanese nobleman and chancellor (b. 1229) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12830645, 36067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Luca Grimaldi, Genoese troubadour, politician and diplomat", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14938481, 63788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 24, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Paul Balog, Hungarian vice-chancellor and bishop (b. 1227)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 63590337, 36262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xueting Fuyu, Chinese Buddhist monk and abbot (b. 1203)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28841140, 3267529, 40002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 23, 31 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] } ]

[ "1275" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1274 (MCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 9 Louis of Toulouse, French archbishop (d. 1297)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11361, 581635, 36062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 11 Robert I (the Bruce), king of Scotland (d. 1329)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15873, 26582, 23248387, 39970 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 18 ], [ 40, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 25 John Beauchamp, English nobleman (d. 1336)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15804, 46433348, 28978421, 36359 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 34, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Rudolf I, German nobleman (d. 1319)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 3141918, 39963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 24 Catherine I, Latin empress (d. 1307)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21522, 5463694, 36032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adam Murimuth, English priest and chronicler (d. 1347)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 315003, 39512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Dhahabi, Syrian scholar and encyclopedist (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1881501, 36120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anastasia de Montfort, Italian noblewoman (d. 1345)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24306565, 14944095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eric VI, king of Denmark (House of Estridsen) (d. 1319)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 504032, 11746442, 29780486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 18, 25 ], [ 27, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn al-Jayyab, Andalusian scholar and poet (d. 1349)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15860258, 39511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marino Faliero (or Falier), doge of Venice (d. 1355)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 296988, 613492, 39522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Indian Sufi poet (d. 1337)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6888478, 28246, 39974 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 36, 40 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rizzardo IV, Italian nobleman and military leader (d. 1312)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18181409, 39955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1314)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4214607, 39958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sancho I (the Peaceful), king of Majorca (d. 1324)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2669561, 432494, 39965 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 34, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Seisetsu Shōchō, Chinese missionary (d. 1339)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 36261345, 53831, 39975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Jakob Erlandsen, Danish cleric and archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 2942617 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 19 Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Afghan Sufi poet (b. 1177)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11006, 5272276, 28246, 40088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 43, 47 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 21 Ibn Malik, Moorish grammarian and writer (b. 1205)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11010, 15581552, 36372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 7 Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (b. 1225)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18935042, 21490957, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 26 Heinrich von Wartenberg, Swiss nobleman and abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1261, 62523784, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 34 ], [ 55, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 3 Lawrence of St. Martin, English archdeacon and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15854, 13101411 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 26 Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (b. 1201)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15800, 33642424, 40003 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 30 ], [ 65, 69 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 15 Bonaventure, Italian theologian and philosopher (b. 1221)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16088, 95429, 36189 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 22 Henry I (or Henry III), king of Navarre (House of Blois) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15996, 149457, 693507, 15999462 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 42, 49 ], [ 51, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 23 Wonjong of Goryeo, Korean prince and ruler (b. 1219)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16181, 4943177, 39994 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 4 Robert Stitchill (or Stichel), English prior and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2418, 8452014, 5114012 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 50, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 12 Du Zong (or Zhao Qi), Chinese emperor (b. 1240)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1491, 4157991, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 19 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 15 Robert de Sorbon, French chaplain and theologian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1442, 235252 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 2 Munetaka, Japanese prince and shogun (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27531, 355625, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 Henry, English prince and son of Edward I (b. 1268)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 13985661, 46373, 42503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 18 ], [ 46, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Sō Sukekuni, Japanese governor (jitodai) (b. 1207)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 64581660, 202278, 40000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 24 ], [ 45, 52 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 8 Fujiwara no Akiuji, Japanese nobleman (b. 1207)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21759, 58328672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 10 Aveline de Forz, English noblewoman (b. 1259)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21760, 31663806, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 28 Philip of Castile, son of Ferdinand III (b. 1231)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21579, 36264927, 70646, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 31 ], [ 40, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English merchant and chronicler (b. 1201)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2683127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice of Montferrat, Italian noblewoman and regent (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29001846, 35348624, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 48, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gilbert of Preston, English nobleman and chief justice (b. 1209)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19176222, 1363139, 36057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 42, 55 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry I Kőszegi (the Great), Hungarian nobleman (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 48060696 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Liu Bingzhong, Chinese court advisor and architect (b. 1216)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19215019, 39991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, Seljuk philosopher and writer (b. 1207)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23477491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Douglas (Longleg), Scottish nobleman (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10619752, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The video-game Ghost of Tsushima is set in the year 1274.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In Fiction", "target_page_ids": [ 55667140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 32 ] ] } ]

[ "1274" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1273 (MCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ], [ 28, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 14 Joan I of Navarre, queen of Navarre (d. 1305)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16192, 383193, 693507, 39952 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 25 Henry Percy, English nobleman and knight (d. 1314)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19773, 15122143, 28978421, 39958 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 22 Ewostatewos, Ethiopian religious leader (d. 1352)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15996, 3065971, 39519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 24 Alphonso, English prince and heir (d. 1284)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21522, 1712282, 35327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abulfeda, Ayyubid prince, geographer and historian (d. 1331)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23135827, 36358 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adam de Gordon, Scottish statesman and knight (d. 1333)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 31068135, 36357 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David VIII, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (d. 1311)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1794696, 7466162, 5099651, 39956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 28 ], [ 30, 49 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey I of Vianden, Luxembourgian nobleman (d. 1310)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 42982600, 39957 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry VII of Luxembrug, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1313)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27485249, 36356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Adjurrum, Marinid scholar and grammarian (d. 1323)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28618973, 36118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kujō Moronori, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1320)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12830810, 35348624, 36098 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert Bertrand, Norman nobleman and knight (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 59141911, 36120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yolande of Aragon, Spanish princess (infanta) (d. 1302)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20809891, 1305133, 39949 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 22 Muhammad I, Nasrid ruler of Granada (b. 1195)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15940, 4804772, 19253132, 40004 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 25 Odo of Châteauroux, French bishop (b. 1190)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15845, 11814488, 40008 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 29 Al-Qurtubi, Moorish scholar and writer (b. 1214)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1416, 3404323, 36396 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 21 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 13 Hōjō Masamura, Japanese nobleman (b. 1205)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15816, 21502281, 36372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 23 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 8 Anno von Sangershausen, German Grand Master", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15874, 3925819 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 15 Henry of Sandwich, English bishop (b. 1204)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28145, 13085102 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 30 Arsenios Autoreianos, Byzantine patriarch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27843, 24383253 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 Elisabeth of Bavaria, queen of Germany (b. 1227)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 9856071, 3190225, 36262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ], [ 43, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 11 Hildebold of Wunstorf, German archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22440, 47020913 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 18 George de Cantilupe, English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22545, 13378002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 23 Adelaide of Burgundy, French noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22572, 22256880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 17 Rumi, Persian scholar and mystic (b. 1207)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8322, 16433, 29174999, 40000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 18 ], [ 40, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ákos, Hungarian cleric, priest, chancellor and chronicler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 40995536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Albert Suerbeer, German archbishop and prince-bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1610032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baldwin of Courtenay, emperor of the Latin Empire (b. 1217)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 144677, 174215, 39992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 38, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Elmacin, Egyptian historian and writer (b. 1205)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2883491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ottaviano degli Ubaldini, Italian bishop and cardinal (b. 1214)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 38538313 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert de Keldeleth, Scottish monk, abbot and chancellor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9553475, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 37, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert Walerand, English nobleman, seneschal and judge", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 32834043, 58866535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 36, 45 ] ] } ]

[ "1273" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1272 (MCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321374, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 14 Hōjō Sadatoki, Japanese regent (d. 1311)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16192, 3894371, 35348624, 39956 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 31 William Ferrers, English nobleman (d. 1235)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15793, 55060529, 28978421, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 38, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 12 Zhao Bing, Chinese emperor (d. 1279)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11158, 656424, 42506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 10 Bernardo Tolomei, Italian theologian (d. 1348)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19629, 910426, 36120 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 13 Frederick III, king of Sicily (d. 1337)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8852, 150904, 641373, 39974 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 27 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amalric of Tyre, Outremer nobleman and prince (d. 1310)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2622349, 39957 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Badr al-Din Solamish, Mamluk ruler of Egypt (d. 1291)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14623398, 377373, 39982 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 39, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Berthold VII, German nobleman and regent (d. 1340)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33799946, 39517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eric Eriksøn (Longlegs), Danish nobleman (d. 1310)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32443635 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fath al-Din ibn Sayyid, Egyptian theologian (d. 1334)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 40930289, 36363 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guy de Beauchamp, English nobleman (d. 1315)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 434178, 39959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isabel Bruce, queen consort of Norway (d. 1358)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6882087, 47392864, 39525 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 32, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I (d. 1307)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 211634, 46373, 36032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Louis I, French nobleman and knight (d. 1322)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28466949, 36360 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret of Anjou, French noblewoman (d. 1299)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15812402, 34878 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Otto I of Hesse, German nobleman (d. 1328)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 779645, 39968 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shiwu (or Stonehouse), Chinese poet (d. 1352)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3899813, 39519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 6 Alfonso of Molina, Leonese prince (b. 1202)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15986, 2285336, 36056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 29 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 14 Enzo of Sardinia, king of Sardinia (b. 1218)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20199, 2630309, 21486771, 39993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 37, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 17 Go-Saga, emperor of Japan (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20223, 45590, 15573, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ], [ 31, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 18 John FitzAlan, English nobleman (b. 1246)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20273, 1232951, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 24 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 2 Richard of Cornwall, English nobleman (b. 1209)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1777, 79695, 36057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 27 Zita (or Sitha), Italian maid and saint (b. 1212)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2326, 1015335, 39996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 15 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 15 Thomas of Cantimpré, Flemish priest (b. 1201)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19674, 6072105, 40003 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 20 Guy de Bourgogne, French abbot and cardinal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19677, 49297047, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 34, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 27 Eric I (Abelsøn), Danish nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19624, 25328062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 10 Berchtold von Falkenstein, German abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15805, 62261779 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 6 Stephen V, king of Hungary (b. 1239)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1019, 161730, 41235373, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 30, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 7 Richard Middleton, English Lord Chancellor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1332, 52837557, 226197 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 28 ], [ 38, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 18 Peter III de Brus, English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28146, 65030017 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 10 Yolande of Brittany, French noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22367, 24083297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 27 Hugh IV, French nobleman (b. 1213) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22434, 628863, 39995 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 16 Henry III, king of England (b. 1207)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21726, 46591, 407950, 40000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 19 David of Augsburg, German friar and mystic", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21574, 5852842, 29174999 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 31 ], [ 50, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 18 Philip Türje, Hungarian archbishop (b. 1218)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8334, 57306515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amanieu VII, French nobleman and knight (House of Albret)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 31063897, 149464 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 42, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bartholomeus Anglicus, English monk and encyclopedist ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 86138 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Berthold of Ratisbon, German monk and preacher (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6309467, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerard of Abbeville, French monk and theologian (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16067906 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guido Guerra V, Italian nobleman and politician (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 67089571 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " James Audley (or Aldithel), English high sheriff (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 46008650 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maud de Prendergast, Norman-Irish noblewoman (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24219078, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nikephoros Blemmydes, Byzantine theologian (b. 1197)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5454161, 40060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Saint-Amour, French philosopher and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2343791 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Sherwood, English philosopher and logician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2884630 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] } ]

[ "1272" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 13 Judith of Habsburg, queen of Bohemia (d. 1297)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22693343, 19389872, 1625048, 36062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 40, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 14 Stephen I, German nobleman and regent (d. 1310)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20199, 8302212, 28978421, 35348624, 39957 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 29, 37 ], [ 42, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 25 Shah Jalal, Indian Sufi leader and mystic (d. 1346)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19354, 3882097, 28246, 29174999, 36119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 28, 32 ], [ 44, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 20 John de Ferrers, English nobleman (d. 1312)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15818, 19985404, 39955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 8 Charles Martel, king of Hungary (d. 1295)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28488, 673254, 41235373, 39978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 27 Wenceslaus II, king of Poland (d. 1305)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27934, 251548, 27041853, 39952 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 28 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 2 Gong of Song, Chinese emperor (d. 1323)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21461, 2459892, 36118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 5 Mahmud Ghazan, Mongol ruler (d. 1304)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21565, 1982914, 39951 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Awhadi Maraghai, Persian poet and mystic (d. 1338)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3201931, 36366 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Blanche of Brittany, French noblewoman (d. 1327)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21654210, 39967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cheng Duanli, Chinese scholar and poet (d. 1345)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49036357, 14944095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cormac MacCarthy Mor, king of Desmond (d. 1359)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 69041624, 845031, 34880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eifuku Mon'in, Japanese empress consort (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18562410, 39516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elizabeth of Aragon, queen of Portugal (d. 1336)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1858520, 9352542, 36359 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 31, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maurice de Berkeley, English nobleman (d. 1326)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8641547, 34879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mikhail Yaroslavich, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1318)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 871337, 39962 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nijō Tamemichi, Japanese poet and writer (d. 1299)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 55707675, 34878 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sargis II, Georgian nobleman and prince (d. 1334)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 41557928, 36363 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sunbi Heo, wife of Chungseon of Goryeo (d. 1335)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 67520594, 4952261, 39973 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 17 Joan of Chiny, French noblewoman (b. 1205)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15920, 49918563, 36372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 28 Isabella of Aragon, queen of France (b. 1248)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15792, 1146974, 376974, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 42, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 9 Beatrix of Merania, German princess (b. 1210)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11361, 35890515, 39998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 13 Henry of Cornwall, English nobleman (b. 1235)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22693343, 1449363, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 28 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 21 Ibn Sab'in, Andalusian philosopher and mystic", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20329, 5280356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 17 Isabella of France, queen of Navarre (b. 1241)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1974, 19623186, 693507, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 40, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 1 Bartholomew of Braganca, Italian friar and bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15844, 10218511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 28 Walter de Burgh (or Bourke), Norman nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16040, 1458453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 21 Alphonse, son of Louis VIII (the Lion) (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1499, 1878, 79596, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 29, 39 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 25 Joan of Toulouse, French noblewoman (b. 1220)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1519, 22606652 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 1 Annibaldo degli Annibaldi, Italian theologian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27530, 14975484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 9 Yaroslav III, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1230)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28544, 701440, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 17 Steinvör Sighvatsdóttir, Icelandic female poet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22366, 38011434 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 19 Philip Basset, English chief justiciar (b. 1185)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22568, 16072851, 40094 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Mansur al-Hasan, Yemeni imam and politician (b. 1199)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 30409594, 40062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arnaldo de Peralta, Aragonese archbishop and statesman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 45200254 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Constantine Palaiologos, Byzantine nobleman and co-ruler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21726873 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq, Mongol ruler of the Chagatai Khanate", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2586697, 952728 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 42, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Haji Bektash Veli, Persian philosopher and mystic (b. 1209)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1602822, 36057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry of Segusio, Italian jurist and cardinal-bishop (b. 1200)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5946034, 36394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lauretta of Saarbrücken, German noblewoman and regent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 38186855 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria of Chernigov, Kievan princess and regent (b. 1212)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 57151302, 39996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard de Grey, English nobleman, constable and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 956390 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger de Leybourne, English nobleman and High Sheriff", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 984285 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen the Posthumous, Hungarian pretender (b. 1236)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35617274, 526207, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 35, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vardan Areveltsi, Armenian historian and writer (b. 1198)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19377362, 40061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] } ]

[ "1271" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1270 (MCCLXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1270th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 270th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 13th century, and the 1st year of the 1270s decade.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651, 6088, 1400, 35938, 34633, 36444 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ], [ 144, 154 ], [ 164, 175 ], [ 217, 231 ], [ 254, 266 ], [ 292, 297 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 12 Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III of France (d. 1325)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20197, 806323, 78438, 39966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 35 ], [ 44, 64 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theodore Metochites, Byzantine statesman and author", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 142422 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Michael of Cesena, Franciscan theologian (d. 1342)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 252503, 39516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cino da Pistoia, Italian poet (d. 1336)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5199198, 36359 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 35, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany (d. 1323)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10321922, 36118 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ma Zhiyuan, Chinese poet", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 657102 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Namdev, Marathi saint and poet (d. 1350)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3305368, 39518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " approximate William Wallace, Scottish patriot", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33832 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 18 Saint Margaret of Hungary (b. 1242)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16202, 6476991, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 23 Saint Isabelle of France, French princess and saint (b. 1225)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11008, 1858099, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 38 ], [ 70, 74 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 17 Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20223, 2090909 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 3 Béla IV of Hungary (b. 1206)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19350, 875903, 40001 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 26 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 9 Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1205)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15883, 12967247, 36372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 23 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 18 Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16090, 68925 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 25", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " King Louis IX of France (b. 1214)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18549, 36396 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 24 ], [ 29, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alphonso of Brienne (b. c. 1225)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2399588, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 28, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 24 Philip of Montfort, Lord of Castres", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28202, 2123518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 4 Theobald II of Navarre (Theobald V of Champagne) (b. c. 1238)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8354, 384165, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 35 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David VII Ulu, King of Georgia (b. 1215)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1785096, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Abi Usaibia, Syrian Arab medical historian (b. 1203)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3013733, 40002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, Jewish rabbi and scholar (b. 1200)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1529402, 36394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk (b. 1212)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 261080, 39996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Uli I of Mali, second mansa of the Mali Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2175761 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] } ]

[ "1270" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1216(MCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321374, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 16 ], [ 24, 52 ], [ 98, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 25 Robert I, French nobleman (d. 1250)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28203, 1224592, 28978421, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 23 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin al-Husayn, Arab ruler (d. 1258)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 30229594, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernard Ayglerius (or Aygler), French cardinal (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15908063, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Contardo of Este, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1249)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 36785505, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eric IV (the Plowpenny), king of Denmark (d. 1250)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 272737, 76972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 34, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eric XI (the Lisp and Lame), king of Sweden (d. 1250)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 250122, 5058739 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 38, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry V (the Great), count of Luxembourg (d. 1281)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 43171664, 17515, 42509 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 31, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Liu Bingzhong (or Liu kan), Chinese adviser (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19215019, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nijō Yoshizane, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 13260549, 11208206, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 36, 41 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, Persian musician (d. 1294)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16151168, 39979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen Longespée, English seneschal (d. 1260)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58871960, 858164, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 28, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zahed Gilani, Arab Sufi leader and writer (d. 1301)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 939804, 28246, 39948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 20, 24 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 18 Guy II of Dampierre, French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16202, 36777606 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 31 Theodore II, patriarch of Constantinople", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15793, 36204668, 5646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 24 ], [ 39, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 23 Geoffrey de Mandeville, English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11008, 25869164 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 10 Eric X (Knutsson), king of Sweden (b. 1180)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2564, 779477, 36395 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 17 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 27 Sukeko, Japanese princess and empress ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2326, 33824010 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 11 Henry of Flanders, Latin emperor (b. 1178)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15796, 151750, 40089 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 16 Innocent III, pope of the Catholic Church", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15947, 24455, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 36, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 2 Peter II (of Ivrea), patriarch of Antioch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27531, 62680850, 750525 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 48, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 8 Az-Zahir Ghazi, Ayyubid ruler of Aleppo", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22543, 20857726, 159244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 45, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 19 John (Lackland), king of England (b. 1166)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22568, 16550, 407950, 40011 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 17 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eustace de Vesci, English nobleman and knight (b. 1169)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10678604, 40009 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Ariie, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49800025, 38569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ida of Boulogne, French noblewoman and ruler (b. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1507855, 40014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen, Tibetan spiritual leader (b. 1147)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5865702, 36049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kamo no Chōmei, Japanese poet and essayist (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 480228, 10374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 35, 43 ] ] } ]

[ "1216" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1217 (MCCXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 3 Henry I (the Fat), king of Cyprus (d. 1253)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19350, 405274, 256586, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 15 ], [ 35, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 19 Ninshō, Japanese priest (d. 1303)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1497, 26607180, 39950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 18 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baldwin II of Courtenay, Latin emperor (d. 1273)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 144677, 39987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baldwin de Redvers, English nobleman (d. 1245)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3327489, 28978421, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boniface of Savoy, English archbishop (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 68925, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ferdinand, Portuguese prince (infante) (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2757124, 1305133, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 31, 38 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Akropolites, Byzantine statesman (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 142765, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guillaume III, French nobleman and knight (d. 1288)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 46754224, 42513 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guo Kan, Chinese general and governor (d. 1277)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5459079, 35497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry of Antioch, co-ruler of Jerusalem (d. 1276)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14221884, 16822, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 31, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry of Ghent, Flemish philosopher (d. 1293)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 834596, 39980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Sab'in, Andalusian Sufi philosopher (d. 1271)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5280356, 28246, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 24, 28 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (d. 1285)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 45564544, 42511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John I (the Red), English nobleman (d. 1286)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 637172, 42320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kangan Giin, Japanese Zen Master (d. 1300)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21419374, 15393769, 35241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 23, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 9 Raynald of Nocera, Italian monk and bishop (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11361, 23702564, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 22 Judah ben Samuel, German Jewish rabbi (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11009, 1093499, 51273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 46, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 30 Fujiwara no Kanefusa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1153)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19849, 14880292, 36391 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 31 Alexander Neckam, English abbot (b. 1157)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20587, 235223, 1143, 36214 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 37, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 21 Al-Mansur Abdallah, Yemeni imam (b. 1166)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2483, 30386989, 15240, 40011 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 38, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 23 Inge II (Bårdsson), king of Norway (b. 1185)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1827, 738457, 47392864, 40094 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 25 Hermann I (or III), German nobleman (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2733, 1497568, 38569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 20 Thomas of Perche, French nobleman (b. 1195)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19677, 50111813, 40004 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 6 Henry I, king of Castile and Toledo (b. 1204)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15794, 70648, 750274, 15924895, 34986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 16 ], [ 26, 33 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 22 Hadmar II of Kuenring, German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15996, 44487852 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 24 Eustace the Monk, French mercenary", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1629, 351711 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 8 Robert I, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28488, 68372796 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 10 William de Redvers, English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28020, 3272177 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 21 ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27532 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Caupo of Turaida, king of Livonia ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1298045, 18448 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lembitu, Estonian military leader ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 255154 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 29 Jean de Montmirail, French monk (b. 1165)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28204, 16087173, 38919 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 33 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 Isabella, English noblewoman (b. 1174)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 4669303, 40086 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Philip of Dreux, French bishop (b. 1158)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 19385194, 38574 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Ibn Jubayr, Andalusian traveller (b. 1145)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 2174304, 40079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 29 Gyōi, Japanese monk and poet (b. 1177)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8893, 9962887, 40088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 18 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abd al-Haqq I, ruler of the Marinid Sultanate (b. 1147)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7319094, 1661433, 36049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 29, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jigten Sumgön, founder of the Drikung Kagyu (b. 1143)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29518573, 1283202, 35544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 31, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Ferentino, Italian notary and cardinal (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 66125008, 297484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 28, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria Komnene, queen consort of Jerusalem (b. 1154) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4422531, 16822, 34923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 33, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nijōin no Sanuki, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1141)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49829433, 34975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Niketas Choniates, Byzantine historian (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 142127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip Simonsson, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1185)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2390057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Reginald of Bar (or de Mouçon), French bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18949792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard de Clare, Norman nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1329251 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Simon of Pattishall (or Pateshull), English judge", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19143087 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Torchitorio IV de Serra, Sardinian judge (b. 1190)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9458275, 40008 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wang Chuyi, Chinese Daoist philosopher (b. 1142)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24228252, 30365, 35053 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 27 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William I, French nobleman and knight (b. 1176)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 50144243, 38921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Lanvallei, English landowner and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10682044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] } ]

[ "1217" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1218 (MCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 12 Kujō Yoritsune, Japanese shōgun (d. 1256)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11158, 219508, 10736899, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 1", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19348 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John I, count of Hainaut (d. 1257)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 690954, 690885, 42492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 18, 25 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rudolf I, king of Germany (d. 1291)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 45321, 3190225, 39982 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 26 ], [ 31, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 30 Chūkyō, emperor of Japan (d. 1234)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22436, 195037, 15573, 36069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 19 ], [ 32, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abel (Valdemarsen), king of Denmark (d. 1252)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 504011, 76972, 35325 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ], [ 29, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernhard I, prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (d. 1287)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18896375, 2535245, 42512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 23, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Chōshi, Japanese empress (d. 1275)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34392474, 39985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Irene Komnene, Byzantine noblewoman (d. 1284)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 62652286, 28978421, 35327 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 26, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jaromar II, German prince and co-ruler (d. 1260)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 37680988, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lý Chiêu Hoàng, empress of Vietnam (d. 1278)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18751217, 202354, 42505 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marie de Coucy, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1285)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4753536, 23248387, 42511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 34, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maurice de Berkeley, English nobleman (d. 1281)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6280507, 42509 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter of Courtenay, French nobleman (d. 1249)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 36776747, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas de Cantilupe, English bishop (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1054828, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yolande of Brittany, French noblewoman (d. 1272)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24083297, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 10 Hugh I (or Hugo), king of Cyprus (b. 1195)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16076, 394234, 256586, 40004 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 19 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 23 Wolfger von Erla, German bishop (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15990, 38493008, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 2 Konstantin of Rostov, Kievan Grand Prince", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11322, 1636776 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 12 Alice of Courtenay, French noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11158, 26527920 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Berthold V, German nobleman (b. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 14075841, 40014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 6 Theresa of Portugal, countess of Flanders", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19514, 2226580, 43008790 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 27 ], [ 41, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 19 Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1175)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19632, 22811, 40087 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 16 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 25 Simon de Montfort, French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15799, 421812 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 6 Odo III (or Eudes), duke of Burgundy (b. 1166)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15862, 628856, 441671, 40011 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 16 ], [ 37, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 7 Adolf VI (or III), German nobleman (b. 1175)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1332, 5650433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 26 William of Chartres (Templar), French Grand Master", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6048708, 2218361 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 31 Al-Adil I, Ayyubid general and sultan (b. 1145)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1711, 1492311, 40079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 21 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 24 Robert of Knaresborough, English hermit ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28202, 12365066, 271054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 38 ], [ 48, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 12 Henry de Abergavenny, English bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21631, 7161943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 28 Robert II, French nobleman (b. 1154)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8198, 5798319, 34923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adelaide of Guelders, countess of Holland (b. 1182)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35883614, 691057, 40091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 35, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Álvara Núñez de Lara, Castilian nobleman (b. 1170)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36958307, 36459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Comita III of Torres, Sardinian ruler (judge) (b. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8213788, 607827 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 40, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Federico Wanga (or Vanga), prince-bishop of Trent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11762369, 1459804 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 45, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Franca Piacenza, Italian nun and abbess (b. 1170)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18904748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey de Luterel, English landowner and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8178236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Giolla Ernain Ó Martain, Irish poet and Chief Ollam", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29073389, 27308370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 41, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry de Abergavenny, English abbot and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7161943, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jayavarman VII, ruler of the Khmer Empire (b. 1122)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 451255, 222431, 36042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 30, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter II, Hungarian prelate, chancellor and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 60551492, 185996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 21, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theobald VI of Blois, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3093580 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Umadevi, Indian queen and general (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3959859, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William I of Baux, French nobleman (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15956452, 38569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] } ]

[ "1218" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1219 (MCCXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Tettsū Gikai, Japanese Zen Master (d. 1309)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 21203716, 15393769, 39954 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 37, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 5 Wonjong of Goryeo, Korean ruler (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2194, 4943177, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi, Moorish Sufi leader (d. 1287)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15099758, 28246, 42512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 32, 36 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ariq Böke (or Buka), Mongol ruler (khagan) (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1489230, 533383, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 36, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baldwin of Avesnes, French nobleman (d. 1295)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34255457, 28978421, 39978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 28, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Christopher I (or Christoffer), king of Denmark (d. 1259)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 504017, 76972, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Umiliana de' Cerchi, Italian noblewoman (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7823732, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William Devereux, English nobleman (d. 1265)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 40760530, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 6 Robert of Courçon, English cardinal (b. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11021, 8366681, 40014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 13 Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11170, 189414, 28943, 38572 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 45, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 17 Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen (b. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20223, 35848349, 30061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 40, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 22 Henryk Kietlicz, archbishop of Gniezno (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20211, 37974467, 2274880, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 26 ], [ 42, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 30 Aldebrandus, bishop of Fossombrone (b. 1119)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1011, 23701326, 15192891, 36271 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 34, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 1 Raoul I of Lusignan, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19348, 13567998 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 2 Leo II (or Levon), king of Armenian Cilicia (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19349, 406314, 1118477 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 14 ], [ 35, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 14 William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1146)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19676, 70728, 80984, 36048 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 24 ], [ 30, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 15 Theoderich von Treyden, German missionary", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15936, 11501433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 17 David of Scotland, Scottish nobleman (b 1152) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15798, 545477, 36050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 29 Choe Chung-heon, Korean ruler (b. 1149) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22435, 3712436, 40081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 3 Saer de Quincy, English nobleman (b. 1170) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21764, 455689, 36459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 5 Hugh IX (the Brown), French nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21565, 4663241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 17 Conon de Béthune, French knight (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8322, 4336535 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Casimir II (or Kasimir), duke of Pomerania-Demmin (b. 1180)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17503012, 682679, 36395 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 34, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerard de Furnival, Norman nobleman and knight (b. 1175)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3628276, 40087 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry de Grey, English nobleman and courtier (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16776076, 227295, 38569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 37, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Inalchuq (or Inalchuk), Khwarezmian governor of Otrar ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20035721, 3276083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 49, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Béthune, French nobleman and bishop (b. 1160) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 56739521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John de Courcy, English nobleman and knight (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1337575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter II of Courtenay, Latin emperor of Constantinople", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 151754, 5646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 41, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richalmus, German Cistercian abbot and biographer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9267635, 50409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 19, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Scholastique of Champagne, French noblewoman (b. 1172)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29249489, 36217 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter III of Châtillon, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20011536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Valognes, Scoto-Norman Lord Chamberlain", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29360083, 318753 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 35, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yolanda of Flanders, Latin empress and regent (b. 1175)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 255621, 35348624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 40, 46 ] ] } ]

[ "1219" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1213 (MCCXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Construction of the Kilkenny Castle in Ireland is completed.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 424539, 170034 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 21, 36 ], [ 40, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 9 Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (d. 1271)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20054, 628863, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 35 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 10 Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15805, 933124 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 11, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn al-Nafis, polymath (d. 1288)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2426527, 42513 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 28, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hethum I, King of Armenia, ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 403868, 1118477, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 41, 68 ], [ 73, 77 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 18 Queen Tamar of Georgia (b. c. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16202, 37762, 40014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 19, 35 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 13 Guy of Thouars, regent of Brittany", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1541, 636927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 21 Maria of Montpellier, Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. 1182)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2483, 4760121, 40091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 74, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 12 King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (b. 1174)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28021, 64682, 40086 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 20, 38 ], [ 62, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 28 Gertrude of Merania, queen consort regent of Hungary (murdered) (b. 1185)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27533, 1164862, 40094 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 34 ], [ 83, 87 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 10 Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22367, 655707 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 559232 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sharafeddin Tusi, Persian mathematician (b. 1135)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1768580, 34985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] } ]

[ "1213" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1212 (MCCXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311406, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 53 ], [ 99, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 22 Go-Horikawa, emperor of Japan (d. 1234)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20211, 45588, 15573, 36069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 35, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 6 Constance, margravine of Meissen (d. 1243)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19514, 32378176, 3211873, 42483 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 17 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 9 Muiz ud-Din Bahram, Indian ruler (d. 1242)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15883, 4086735, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 27 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari, Andalusian poet (d. 1269)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33416229, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Farinata degli Uberti, Italian military leader (d. 1264)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2768429, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Sahl of Seville, Almohad poet and writer (d. 1251)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6055844, 38709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isabella II, queen and regent of Jerusalem (d. 1228)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 255665, 35348624, 16822, 36263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 24, 30 ], [ 34, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Malatesta da Verucchio, Italian nobleman (d. 1312)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 946205, 28978421, 39955 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria of Chernigov, Kievan Rus' princess (d. 1271)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 57151302, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yolande of Dreux, French noblewoman (d. 1248)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15812142, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zita (or Sitha), Italian maid and saint (d. 1272)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1015335, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 2 Bernhard III, German nobleman (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11322, 18852007, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 29 Hōnen, Japanese Buddhist reformer (b. 1133)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10936, 222428, 297220, 40073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 19 ], [ 30, 38 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 6 Bertram of Metz (or Berthold), German bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1008, 68183519 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 15 Vsevolod III, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1154)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1010, 940923, 9074276, 34923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 23 ], [ 41, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 24 Dagmar of Bohemia, queen of Denmark", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19459, 20196154, 76972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ], [ 37, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 15 John I (or Johann), German archbishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16088, 47547876 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 16 William de Brus, Scottish lord of Annandale", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15947, 7936434, 1101215 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 44, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 11 Beatrice, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1198)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2192, 10120435, 40061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 26 Michael IV, patriarch of Constantinople ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6048708, 27143758, 5646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 22 ], [ 37, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 19 Henry fitz Ailwin, Lord Mayor of London", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28147, 16457892, 40339 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 32 ], [ 34, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 Philip I (the Noble), Flemish nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 5860283 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 25 John Comyn, English archbishop (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22333, 26701722, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Felix of Valois, French hermit (b. 1127)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 6815940, 271054, 36276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 5 Dirk van Are, bishop and lord of Utrecht", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8353, 4558683, 43248316 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 46, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 12 Geoffrey, archbishop of York (b. 1152)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8633, 654546, 2321009, 36050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 38, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 14 Matilda de Bailleul, Flemish abbess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8851, 67234164 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu al-Abbas al-Jarawi, Moroccan poet and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 30262341 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anna Komnene Angelina, Nicene empress (b. 1176)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4672585, 38921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Azzo VI of Este (or Azzolino), Italian nobleman (b. 1170)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14847595, 36459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baldwin of Béthune, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 32296355 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David Komnenos, emperor of Trebizond (b. 1184)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5642184, 652643, 40093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 28, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud, ruler of the Ghurid Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 41809308, 2284219 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 37, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guillem de Cabestany, Spanish troubadour (b. 1162)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1639026, 63788, 40012 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry de Longchamp, English High Sheriff (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 32624533, 1539792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria of Montferrat, queen of Jerusalem (b. 1192)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 383284, 38572 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter de Preaux, Norman nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3510507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert of Auxerre, French chronicler and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3064988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert of Shrewsbury, English cleric and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3469880 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter of Montbéliard, constable of Jerusalem", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49848558 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] } ]

[ "1212" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1211 (MCCXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 20 Agnes of Prague, Bohemian abbess (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16025, 1993277, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 25 Frederick II, duke of Austria and Styria (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2733, 1073853, 6490884, 11734356, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 23 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 45, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 22 Ibn Khallikan, Barmakid historian (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27889, 1316107 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 3 Francesco Lippi, Italian nobleman (d. 1291)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8355, 51243034, 28978421, 39982 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 38, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ajall Shams al-Din Omar, Khwarezmian governor (d. 1279)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2472686, 42506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Casimir I of Kuyavia, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1267)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24651016, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eleanor of Portugal, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2430658, 76972, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 39, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry VII, king of Germany (Rex Romanorum) (d. 1242)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2136889, 3190225, 302609, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 27 ], [ 29, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh Bigod, English nobleman and Justiciar (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 892457, 367954, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 34, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John I (the Theologian), German nobleman (d. 1264) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34778974, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad III, ruler of the Nizari Ismaili State (d. 1255)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 45319133, 41886141, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 28, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Prijezda I, Bosnian nobleman (Ban) and knight (d. 1287)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3569256, 843461, 42512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 31, 34 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shinnyo, Japanese Buddhist nun and writer (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 54049535, 30863048 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 19, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea (d. 1278)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 817468, 310141, 42505 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 2 Adelaide of Meissen, duchess of Bohemia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11322, 20165521, 1625048 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 45, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 14 Pietro Gallocia (or Galluzzi), Italian cardinal", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20199, 17523706 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 26 Sancho I (the Populator), king of Portugal (b. 1154)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20427, 252887, 9352542, 34923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 19 ], [ 45, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 16 Mieszko IV (Tanglefoot), duke of Poland (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19659, 2022825, 393229, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 42, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 9 Andrew II, French nobleman and knight (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15865, 55531434, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 17 Kaykhusraw I, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15798, 4675702, 580296 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 37, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 9 William de Braose, Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1027, 170557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 18 Narapatisithu, ruler of Burma (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1496, 20438777, 6688093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 25 ], [ 36, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 Ferdinand of Castile, Spanish prince (b. 1189)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 39485408, 36215 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Páll Jónsson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1155) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 11663745, 38569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 8 Adelaide of Poland, Polish princess ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8194, 34613943 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 14 Shōshi, Japanese empress (b. 1195)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8851, 33824124, 40004 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 20 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Musa al-Jazuli, Almohad philologian (b. 1146)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 63614116, 23193, 36048 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alexios III (Angelos), Byzantine emperor (b. 1153)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1616, 36391 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Euphrosyne (or Kamatera), Byzantine empress ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2572618 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh I, Sardinian ruler (Judge of Arborea) (b. 1178)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8236902, 8740392, 40089 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 26, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter of Blois, French cleric and diplomat (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 231849 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert of Thornham, English seneschal and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20299931, 858164 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger de Lacy (le Constable), English nobleman (b. 1170)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21256579, 36459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Samson of Tottington, English monk and abbot (b. 1135)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18944900, 1143, 34985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 40, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shizuka Gozen, Japanese court dancer (b. 1165)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8382517, 38919 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Svyatoslav III Igorevich, Kievan prince (b. 1176)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22389691, 38921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas Morosini, Latin patriarch of Constantinople", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 32002100, 5646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 37, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tsangpa Gyare, Tibetan Buddhist leader (b. 1161)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17530733, 30988, 38924 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 24, 32 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Urraca of Portugal, queen consort of León (b. 1148)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2221304, 336544, 40080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 38, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xiang Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. 1170)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3450329, 58495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 32, 43 ] ] } ]

[ "1211" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1210 (MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 15 ], [ 23, 53 ], [ 99, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 5 Afonso III (the Boulonnais), king of Portugal (d. 1279)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19352, 1659, 9352542, 42506 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 18 ], [ 45, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Floris IV, Dutch nobleman and knight (d. 1234)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 3137120, 28978421, 36069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 22 Joan of England, queen of Scotland (d. 1238)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15996, 5184205, 23248387, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 36, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alice of Montferrat, queen consort of Cyprus (d. 1233)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34392282, 256586, 40065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrix of Andechs-Merania, German countess (d. 1271)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35890515, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Birger Jarl (Magnusson), Swedish statesman (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 150793, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dervorguilla of Galloway, Scottish noblewoman (d. 1290)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2616584, 39983 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Domentijan, Serbian monk and philosopher (d. 1264)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 39526739, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Honorius IV, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1287)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23855, 606848, 42512 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 26, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isaac ibn Latif, Spanish Jewish philosopher (d. 1280)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32766639, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Procida, Italian physician and diplomat (d. 1298)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5830792, 39976 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Konoe Kanetsune, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) (d. 1259)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12818220, 11208206, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 37, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kujō Norizane, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1235)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12830570, 35348624, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Loderingo degli Andalò, Italian nobleman (d. 1293)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3519881, 39980 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret (the Lame), German anchoress (d. 1250)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 42564251, 273424, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 29, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matilda of Brandenburg, German noblewoman (d. 1261)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21472188, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Óláfr Þórðarson, Icelandic scholar and skald (d. 1259)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2635563, 243725 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 40, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philippe de Rémi, French poet and knight (d. 1265)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19082790, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sapia Salvani, Italian noblewoman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 67274119 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vicedomino de Vicedominis, Italian cardinal (d. 1276)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12529565, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wartislaw III, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1264)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 17491473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William of Saliceto, Italian cleric and surgeon (d. 1277)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2843723, 45599, 35497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xie Daoqing, Chinese empress and regent (d. 1283)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33558518, 42510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 29 Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian polymath (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20586, 326595, 25121, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 41, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 6 Conrad II, German nobleman and knight (b. 1159)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19514, 35300752, 40084 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 17 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 13 Noriko (or Hanshi), Japanese empress (b. 1177)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19675, 33824072, 40088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 15 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 17 Sverker II (the Younger), king of Sweden", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16089, 811899, 5058739 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ], [ 44, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 16 Matilda of Boulogne, duchess of Brabant ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22556, 22917197, 4589770 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ], [ 45, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 14 Qutb al-Din Aibak, Indian ruler (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21762, 1403172 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 30 Florence of Holland, Scottish bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21577, 6075717 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 14 Soffredo, Italian cardinal and patriarch ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8851, 51177727 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aonghus mac Somhairle, Norse-Gaelic chieftain", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24994315 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gottfried von Strassburg, German poet and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 557409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Halldóra Eyjólfsdóttir, Icelandic nun and abbess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 56213540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jean Bodel, French poet and writer (b. 1165)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 323168, 38919 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jinul (or Chinul), Korean Zen Master (b. 1158)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 293196, 15393769, 38574 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 27, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Majd al-Din ibn Athir, Zangid historian (b. 1149)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 57104059, 40081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maud de Braose, English noblewoman (b. 1155)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17806975, 38569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad II, ruler of the Alamut state (b. 1148)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 42640128, 41886141, 40080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 27, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Praepositinus, Italian philosopher and theologian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15945142 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Risteárd de Tiúit, Norman warrior and nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3900499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert of Braybrooke, English landowner (b. 1168)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 32679255, 36216 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William FitzAlan, Norman nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 47415873 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] } ]

[ "1210" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1208 (MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319727, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 2 James I, (the Conqueror), king of Aragon (d. 1276)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11322, 63332, 586776, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 47, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ada of Holland, Dutch noblewoman and abbess (d. 1258)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 61980381, 28978421, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 23, 33 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Berke Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1710466, 147911, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 33, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bolesław I of Masovia, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1248)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24872308, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian prince of Halych (d. 1241)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5715824, 3740111, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gissur Þorvaldsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði) (d. 1268)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10424238, 350900, 42503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 45, 49 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson, Icelandic chieftain (d. 1245) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10428373, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Knut Haakonsson, Norwegian nobleman (jarl) (d. 1261) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8912777, 58249, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 38, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret Skulesdatter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14142819, 47392864, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sempad the Constable, Armenian nobleman (d. 1276) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 13680874 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Simon V (de Montfort), English nobleman (d. 1265)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 48925, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas de Beaumont, English nobleman (d. 1242)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3299264, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 15 Pierre de Castelnau, French priest (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15790, 2952309 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 28 Julian of Cuenca, Spanish bishop (b. 1127) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15792, 22608109, 36276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 29 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Mark ibn Kunbar, Egyptian Coptic priest", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 63979272, 7601 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 40, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 22 Philip of Poitou (or Poitiers), bishop of Durham", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1710, 2025030, 3520200 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 53, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 21 Philip of Swabia, king of Germany (b. 1177)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15819, 151020, 3190225, 40088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 36, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 27 Irene Angelina, queen of Sicily and Germany", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1013, 4673561, 641373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 37, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 29 Dietrich II (von Kittlitz), bishop of Meissen", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1793, 56933276, 6819207 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 23 ], [ 50, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 6 Geoffrey de Muschamp, bishop of Coventry", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22542, 12995180, 3489767 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ], [ 44, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 9 Sancha of Castile, queen consort of Aragon", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21446, 510732 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 29 Zhang Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1168)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8893, 3893480, 36216 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bridget Haraldsdotter, queen of Sweden (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16792281, 5058739 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 33, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ermengol VIII (or Armengol), count of Urgell (b. 1158)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9745695, 106534, 38574 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 39, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kolbeinn Tumason, Icelandic chieftain and poet (b. 1173)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3998491, 36052 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Knut Birgersson, Swedish nobleman (jarl) and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8924473, 5433501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Leo Sgouros (or Sgurus), Byzantine governor and despot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23478791, 4789521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 49, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter of Angoulême, Latin bishop and patriarch of Antioch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 50354045, 750525 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 51, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William IV of Forcalquier, French nobleman (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 42969259, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili, Egyptian Jewish physician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 31526932, 25955086 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ], [ 39, 45 ] ] } ]

[ "1208" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1207 (MCCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (full calendar) under the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 57, 70 ], [ 82, 97 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 7 Elizabeth of Hungary, Hungarian princess (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15863, 414393, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 29 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 13 Malik ibn al-Murahhal, Moroccan poet (d. 1299)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1129, 17195149, 34878 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 33 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 30 Rumi, Persian scholar and mystic (d. 1273)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27843, 16433, 29174999, 39987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 19 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 1 Henry III (Winchester), English king (d. 1272)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22340, 46591, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 21 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adelasia of Torres, Italian noblewoman and judge (d. 1259)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9870874, 28978421, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 39 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Canute (or Knud Valdemarsen), duke of Estonia (d. 1260)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7326518, 1867634, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 39, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elen ferch Llywelyn (the Elder), English countess (d. 1253)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3550148, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Akiuji, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58328672, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Ariko, Japanese empress consort (d. 1286)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33832874, 42320 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gilbert Marshal, English nobleman and knight (d. 1241)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11704623, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry II, Dutch nobleman (House of Reginar) (d. 1248)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 429901, 11779567, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 27, 43 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jakuen, Japanese Buddhist monk and scholar (d. 1299)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21304985, 297220 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 18, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Scotland, Scottish nobleman and knight (d. 1237)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2682735, 40068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret of Louvain, Flemish servant and saint (d. 1237)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 29439518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ottone Visconti, Italian nobleman and archbishop (d. 1295)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8015473, 39978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip I, French nobleman (House of Savoy) (d. 1285)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 69273, 69842, 42511 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 28, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raymond II (or Raimond), French nobleman (d. 1263)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 13043597, 42498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, Persian philosopher (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23477491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vladislaus II, Bohemian nobleman and knight (d. 1227)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 48908604, 36262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 7 Sambor I, duke of Pomerania (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11063, 530847, 342502, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 31, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 3 Fujiwara no Kanezane, Japanese nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19350, 1866083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 7 Abdul Razzaq Gilani, Persian jurist (b. 1134)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19582, 48099936, 40074 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 27 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 6 Gerardo dei Tintori, Italian mystic (b. 1134)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15794, 33395161 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 13 Xie, Chinese empress consort (b. 1135)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15816, 33571460, 34985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 13 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 19 Ubaldo Lanfranchi, Italian archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15817, 32366929 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 21 Simon of Wells, bishop of Chichester", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1499, 12963158, 3520249 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 38, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 4", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27765 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boniface I of Montferrat, Italian nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 250836 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, French troubadour", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8300243, 63788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 31, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 3 Hartwig II, German archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21764, 17286027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amalric of Bena, French theologian and mystic", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1656 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bona of Pisa, Italian nun and mystic (b. 1156)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11669805, 36051 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David Soslan, Alanian prince and king consort", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1748509, 181313 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 34, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fernando Afonso, Portuguese Grand Master", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 41519212, 3273970 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 29, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Han Tuozhou, Chinese statesman (b. 1152)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3752089, 36050 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 289907, 39879893, 2843773 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 17, 21 ], [ 30, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Otto I, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8385019 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William the Pilgrim, English poet and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22656986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xin Qiji, Chinese general and poet (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 628472, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] } ]

[ "1207" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1206 (MCCVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 7 Otto II, German nobleman (d. 1253)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2735, 3153441, 28978421, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 26, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " An-Nasir Dawud, ruler of Damascus (d. 1261)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14791134, 8914, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 26, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Béla IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 875903, 41235373, 755314, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 18, 25 ], [ 30, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Godan Khan, grandson of Genghis khan (d. 1251)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32705919, 17414699, 38709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 25, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Güyük Khan (or Kuyuk), Mongol emperor (d. 1248)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 742592, 36071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry II, French nobleman (House of Capet) (d. 1229)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32818025, 1680861, 36067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 28, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hong Bok-won, Korean general and official (d. 1258)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 188029, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Hamdan, Seljuk scholar and judge (d. 1295)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 56941226, 39978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Il-yeon, Korean Buddhist monk and writer (d. 1289)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4826753, 297136, 42514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 17, 25 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret de Quincy, English noblewoman (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24498773, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria Laskarina, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5580025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter of Verona, Italian friar and preacher (d. 1252)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 300930, 312753, 35325 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 31 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sheikh Edebali, Ottoman religious leader (d. 1326)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5572377, 34879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan, Zayyanid ruler (d. 1283)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33149438, 42510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 4 Theobald Walter, Norman High Sheriff (b. 1165)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11359, 14103728, 13807427, 38919 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 37, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 5 Thietmar of Minden (or Dietmar), German bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20314, 31214385 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 7 Frederick I, German nobleman (House of Lorraine) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2735, 655706, 655756 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 40, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 16 Kujō Yoshitsune, Japanese nobleman (b. 1169)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1334, 12824248, 40009 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 26 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 23 Suero Rodríguez, Spanish knight and Grand Master", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1827, 70719217, 28179862 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 26 ], [ 47, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 4 Adela of Champagne, queen of France (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19279145, 1151715, 376974, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 27 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Artaldus (or Arthaud), French priest and bishop (b. 1101)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23679828, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chōgen, Japanese Buddhist monk (kanjin) (b. 1121)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35621341, 297220, 35735121, 36273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 18, 26 ], [ 33, 39 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Harald Maddadsson, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1134)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5178816, 40074 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Huan Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. 1177)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3450311, 58495, 40088 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 31, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ismail al-Jazari, Artuqid polymath and inventor (b. 1136)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 271981, 25121, 40075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad of Ghor, ruler of the Ghurid Empire (b. 1149)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 852292, 2284219, 40081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 32, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ottaviano di Paoli, Italian cardinal-bishop and diplomat", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19402833 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thierry de Termonde (or Terremonde), Latin constable", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 42177404, 153928 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 44, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Burgh, English nobleman (House of Burke)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1450121, 1449979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 37, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yang Wanli, Chinese politician and poet (b. 1127)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4366435, 256577, 36276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 36, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] } ]

[ "1206" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1203 (MCCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was also the first year to have all digits different from each other since 1098.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 10 Abu Shama, Arab historian and writer (d. 1267)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16076, 64560843, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Zakariya Yahya, ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate (d. 1249)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1511649, 1289726, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 34, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bi Bi Monajemeh Nishaburi, Persian astronomer (d. 1280)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58037756, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cecilia Cesarini, Italian Dominican nun and saint (d. 1290)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 64299093, 8973, 39983 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 36 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Donnchadh, Scottish ruler (mormaer) of Mar (d. 1244)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3396885, 426117, 3674968, 42484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 40, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eva Marshal, Cambro-Norman noblewoman (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18594192, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hamuro Mitsutoshi, Japanese waka poet (d. 1276)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49801333, 34999845, 39984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 29, 33 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hōjō Tokiuji, Japanese nobleman and spy (d. 1230)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 431454, 28978421, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 24, 32 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Abi Usaibia, Syrian physician and historian (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3013733, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kujō Motoie, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1280)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49800799 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mindaugas (or Mendog), king of Lithuania (d. 1263)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 38239735, 5787743, 42498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter II (Little Charlemagne), count of Savoy (d. 1268)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 69038, 882830, 42503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 41, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sengaku, Japanese Buddhist monk and writer (d. 1273)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 29100424, 297220, 39987 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 19, 27 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vasilko Romanovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1269)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22451792, 9074276, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 37, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xueting Fuyu, Chinese Zen Buddhist abbot (d. 1275)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28841140, 30153241, 3267529, 39985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 23, 26 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zakariya al-Qazwini, Persian astronomer (d. 1283)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2042347, 42510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 12 Martin of León, Spanish priest (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16112, 5732148, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 21 Agnes II, abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1139)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23751607, 23541813, 13830650, 36046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 34, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 6 William of Æbelholt, French churchman (b. 1125)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1008, 5735138, 36274 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 12 Isabel de Warenne, English noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15971, 12823231 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 21 Harvey I of Léon, Breton nobleman (b. 1153)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16179, 55383918, 36391 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 11 Stephen of Tournai, French bishop (b. 1128)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27935, 7107526, 36277 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 33 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 8 ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hiki Yoshikazu, Japanese warrior and nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8708446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Ichiman, Japanese nobleman (b. 1198)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19535809, 40061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Dirk VII, Dutch nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 3137116 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi, Arab scholar and jurist (b. 1146)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7096458, 36048 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " 'Abdallah ibn Ghaniya, Almoravid ruler of Mallorca", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 51665912, 59310 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 43, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alexios Palaiologos, Byzantine heir apparent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 31936714 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arthur I (or Arzhur), duke of Brittany (b. 1187)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 181688, 286865, 36054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 31, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eudokia Komnene, Byzantine noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4750797 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, Welsh prince", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1550646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gille Críst, Scottish nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3396696 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guy of Bazoches, French cleric and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10029122 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hedwig, margravine of Meissen (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 33546650, 40674, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 23, 30 ], [ 35, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Siraj al-Din al-Sajawandi, Persian scholar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 57352830 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Toghrul (or Wang Khan), Mongol leader", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1671834 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Stuteville, English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 65308138 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] } ]

[ "1203" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1201 (MCCI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 15 ], [ 23, 53 ], [ 99, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 33642424, 39986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 69, 73 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 30 Theobald I (the Troubadour), French nobleman (d. 1253)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19654, 376323, 28978421, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 45, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 9 Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English chronicler and writer (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1027, 2683127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 Robert de Sorbon, French monk and theologian (d. 1274)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 235252 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 10 Richard de Fournival, French philosopher (d. 1260)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22367, 8132469, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes of the Palatinate, duchess of Bavaria (House of Guelf) (d. 1267)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23419365, 1463463, 330634, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 37, 44 ], [ 46, 60 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Danylo Romanovych, ruler (knyaz) of Galicia–Volhynia (d. 1264)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 993205, 465784, 639283, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 27, 32 ], [ 37, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Diana degli Andalò (or d'Andalo), Italian nun and saint (d. 1236)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19352878, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 61, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eison, Japanese Buddhist scholar-monk and disciple (d. 1290)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 54059296, 462109, 39983 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 17, 38 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theobald le Botiller (or Butler), Norman nobleman (d. 1230)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1597415, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thomas of Cantimpré, Flemish priest and preacher (d. 1272)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6072105, 39988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Uriyangkhadai, Mongol general and son of Subutai (d. 1272)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 62425916, 1130618 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 42, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 1 Shikishi, Japanese princess, poet and writer (b. 1149)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19346, 1340820, 40081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 18 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 21 Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman (b. 1128)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20329, 1874, 36277 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 22 Jarosław of Opole, Polish duke and bishop (b. 1145)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20211, 15116263, 40079 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 28 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 7 Baha al-Din Qaraqush, Egyptian regent and architect", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2735, 69859626, 35348624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 30 ], [ 41, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 24 Theobald III, French nobleman and knight (b. 1179)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19459, 376262, 36053 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 21 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 16 Ibn al-Jawzi, Arab historian and philologist (b. 1116)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15935, 23138097, 23193, 36268 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 43, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 20 Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani, Persian historian (b. 1125)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15818, 17654351, 36274 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 33 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 25 Gruffydd ap Rhys II, Welsh prince of Deheubarth", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15804, 3286915, 285557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 47, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 31 John Komnenos (the Fat), Byzantine nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18679439, 27142913 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 20 Gardolf of Hertbeke, bishop of Halberstadt ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18933271, 63437754, 3391027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 31 ], [ 43, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 5 Constance, duchess of Brittany (b. 1161)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27990, 404747, 286865, 38924 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 36, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes of Merania, queen and wife of Philip II (Augustus)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1553, 25093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 37, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bohemond III (the Stammerer), prince of Antioch (b. 1148)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 531250, 256387, 40080 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bolesław I (the Tall), Polish nobleman and knight (b. 1127)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2026707, 36276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fulk of Neuilly (or Foulques), French priest and preacher", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10350388 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guglielmo Grasso, Genoese merchant, pirate and admiral", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15851806 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret of Huntingdon, Scottish princess and duchess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24127264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walchelin de Ferriers (or Walkelin), Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3542007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Banafsha bint Abdullah al-Rumiyyah, was the spouse of Abbasīd caliph al-Mustadi.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 67231684 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 35 ] ] } ]

[ "1201" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1195 (MCXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 15 Anthony of Padua, Portuguese preacher and saint (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1442, 86895, 23033, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 28 ], [ 30, 40 ], [ 64, 68 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Princess Shōshi of Japan (d. 1211)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33824124, 39997 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (d. 1265)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 456802, 42500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 3 Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (b. c. 1125)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19633, 1470383, 36274 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 6 Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (b. 1129)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1019, 70712, 36278 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 13 Gualdim Pais, Great Master of the Templars in Portugal (b. 1118)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22554, 1826220, 36270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 25 ], [ 72, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 17 Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8322, 690927, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ascelina, French nun and mystic (b. 1121)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23648239, 36273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] } ]

[ "1195" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1194 (MCXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hunac Ceel drives the Itza people out of Chichen Itza, forcing them to start the Itza Kingdom on Lake Petén Itzá (modern Guatemala).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15428959, 1656045, 18618136, 43065320, 4763193, 17238567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 23, 34 ], [ 42, 54 ], [ 82, 94 ], [ 98, 113 ], [ 122, 131 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 2 Richard I grants Portsmouth market-town status with a royal charter. He orders the construction of docks on The Solent – having seen that the harbour is a perfect base for trade and the English fleet.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 19349, 24207, 43229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 25, 35 ], [ 116, 126 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hubert Walter, vice-regent in the absence of Richard I, institutes the office of coroner to keep records of crown pleas. He also presides over the feudal judgment of John and makes an inquiry into land tenure.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 153664, 35348624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 21, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 10 A fire devastates Chartres Cathedral. Only the crypt, the towers, and the new facade survives. Funds are collected from nobles, as well as small donations from ordinary people, to start the rebuilding.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [ 15809, 77304 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 28, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "</onlyinclude>", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Events", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " April 25 Ezzelino III, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1259)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2733, 780768, 28978421, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 23 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 16 Clare of Assisi, Italian nun and saint (d. 1253)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15947, 21476709, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 30 Andrea Caccioli, Italian priest (d. 1254) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21577, 51431881, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 26 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1250)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8360, 68974, 38708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jacob Anatoli, French Jewish translator and writer (d. 1256)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15999, 25955086, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 23, 29 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jacopo Contarini, doge of Venice (House of Contarini) (d. 1280)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10829030, 613492, 2025184, 42508 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 35, 53 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lý Huệ Tông, Vietnamese emperor (Lý Dynasty) (d. 1226)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18763295, 1583395, 36066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 34, 44 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Majd al-Din Taymiyyah, Seljuk judge and theologian (d. 1255)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 65609963, 42491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret, marchioness of Namur (House of Vianden) (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 30701170, 691245, 8892844, 39990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 26, 31 ], [ 33, 49 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maurice FitzGerald, Norman nobleman and justiciar (d. 1257)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 25046930, 42492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Moses ben Nahman, Spanish rabbi and philosopher (d. 1270)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 155380, 51273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Otto I, Dutch nobleman and bishop (House of Gelre) (d. 1215)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24318329, 59002, 36058 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 36, 50 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard Mór de Burgh, Norman nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1458346 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rusudan, queen of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (d. 1245)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1509247, 7466162, 5099651, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 19, 26 ], [ 28, 47 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Saionji Saneuji, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (d. 1269)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49800554, 34999845, 42504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 40, 44 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 20 Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily (b. 1138)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11025, 157907, 641373, 40077 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 40, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 19 Toghrul III, sultan of the Seljuk Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20316, 28956531, 13090194 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 38, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 3 ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2279 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bård Guttormsson, Norwegian nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 66766091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Sigurd Magnusson, Norwegian nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2387666 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 20 Odon of Poznań, duke of Greater Poland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2195, 12391409, 45367947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ], [ 35, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 5 Casimir II (the Just), duke of Lesser Poland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19352, 23730735, 18671 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 18 ], [ 39, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 27 Sancho VI (the Wise), king of Navarre (b. 1132)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15801, 1238391, 693507, 40072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 40, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 28 Xiao Zong, Chinese emperor (Song Dynasty) (b. 1127)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15802, 1162541, 56978, 36276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 38, 50 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 18 Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16090, 145432, 16822, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 35, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 27 Sviatoslav III, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1126)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15922, 941117, 36275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 24 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 15 Margaret I, countess of Flanders", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21763, 634612, 43008790 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 38, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 26 Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8360, 6307508, 249282 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 28 ], [ 34, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 31 Leopold V, duke of Austria (b. 1157)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8204, 1100939, 11421146, 36214 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Basil Vatatzes, Byzantine governor and general", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36584869 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] } ]

[ "1194" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1193 (MCXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 102, 117 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 28 Kujō Michiie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1252)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16040, 1865999, 28978421, 35325 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alice of Champagne, queen of Cyprus (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 394220, 256586, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 30, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Altheides, Cypriot philosopher and writer (d. 1262)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7697990, 42497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice II, French countess palatine (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10588829, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henri de Dreux, French archbishop (d. 1240)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10408197, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Frederick of Isenberg, German nobleman (d. 1226)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2511432, 36066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Giovanni da Penna, Italian Franciscan priest (d. 1271)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 51365223, 64176, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 28, 38 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John III (Doukas Vatatzes), emperor of Nicaea (d. 1254)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 74221, 309758, 42490 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 40, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Angelos (Good John), Byzantine prince (d. 1253)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 43312718, 42489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Devereux, Norman nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 48880795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Juliana of Liège, Belgian nun and mystic (d. 1258)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3875132, 29174999, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 35, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Margaret of Scotland, English noblewoman (d. 1259)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14000023, 42494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sayyed ibn Tawus, Arab jurist and theologian (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 46706805, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Ferrers, English nobleman (d. 1254)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1336917 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 4 Saladin (the Lion), sultan of Egypt and Syria (b. 1137)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20315, 26983, 377373, 600848, 40076 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 40, 45 ], [ 50, 55 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 13 Pedro de Artajona, Spanish nobleman and bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15816, 37117152 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 27 Robert FitzRalph, English archdeacon and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15801, 13132183 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 2 Mieszko the Younger, duke of Kalisz (House of Piast)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1154, 25061472, 74615, 60738 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 30 ], [ 40, 46 ], [ 48, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 14 Minamoto no Noriyori, Japanese general (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27947, 1256734, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 23 Robert IV, French nobleman and Grand Master", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27651, 1758133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 23 Thorlak Thorhallsson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1133)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14750344, 10328100, 40073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 24 Roger III, king of Sicily (House of Hauteville) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8359, 276440, 641373, 5168102 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 33, 39 ], [ 41, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Balian of Ibelin (the Younger), French nobleman and knight ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1507905 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn (or Derval), Irish princess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2865661 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Düsum Khyenpa, Tibetan spiritual leader (karmapa) (b. 1110)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1354409, 60195, 36280 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 42, 49 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fan Chengda, Chinese politician and geographer (b. 1126)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7076433, 36275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ren Zong, Chinese emperor of the Western Xia (b. 1124)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1583167, 58495, 35545 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 34, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter de Berkeley, Scottish nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 63932363 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] } ]

[ "1193" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1191 (MCXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 8 Yaroslav II, Grand Prince of Vladimir (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11360, 936307, 463924, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 24 ], [ 42, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey de Mandeville, English nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 25869164, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 33, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George IV (or Lasha Giorgi), king of Georgia (d. 1223)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1509307, 7466162, 36064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joanna of Hohenstaufen, countess of Burgundy (d. 1205)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14130482, 441670, 36372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 37, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mafalda of Castile, Spanish princess (infanta) (d. 1204)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 61024352, 1305133, 34986 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 39, 46 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard Marshal, Norman nobleman and knight (d. 1234)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4438109, 36069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen Devereux, Norman nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 40421197 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theobald I, German nobleman (House of Lorraine) (d. 1220)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 655708, 655756, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 30, 47 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tolui, Mongol general and son of Genghis Khan (d. 1232)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 744553, 17414699, 36068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 34, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yan Yu, Chinese poetry theorist and writer (d. 1241)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24733144, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 14 Berno, German missionary and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16192, 9845696 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 20 ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Frederick VI, son of Frederick I (Barbarossa) (b. 1167)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 669255, 39699, 40010 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 22, 33 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theobald V (the Good), French nobleman (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3082208, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 8 Erard II, French nobleman (House of Brienne)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11360, 19132824, 2389345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 40, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 24 John I, French nobleman (House of Alençon)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11007, 50128956, 1341154 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 20 ], [ 39, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 20 Clement III, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14563107, 24100, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 36, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 1 Engelbert II, German nobleman (House of Gorizia)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1175, 36230157, 7222522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 41, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 10 Barisone II of Torres, Sardinian ruler of Logudoro", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15805, 8175447, 8175449 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 31 ], [ 52, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 29 William le Vavasour, English nobleman (b. 1131)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15842, 63315179, 40071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 3 Albéric Clément, Marshal of France (b. 1165)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15848, 1278353, 310824, 38919 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 24 ], [ 26, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 7 Judith of Hohenstaufen, German noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15863, 36834072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 1 Philip of Alsace, Flemish nobleman (b. 1143)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1254, 360336, 35544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 27 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 5 Rudolf of Zähringen, archbishop of Mainz ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1990, 5371035, 5436361 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 30 ], [ 46, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 13 Philip I, archbishop of Cologne (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1129, 7642523, 14780436 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 36, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 7 James of Avesnes, French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27949, 12536199 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 9 Conrad II, duke of Bohemia (b. 1136)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28544, 3347607, 424966, 40075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 10 Ralph de Warneville, Norman bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28020, 654523 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 15 Raoul I (the Red), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22555, 48615299 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 15 Welf VI, margrave of Tuscany (b. 1115)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8145, 5208477, 21967242, 36267 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 35, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 26 Reginald Fitz Jocelin, English bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8360, 3413306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adam de Senlis, French Benedictine monk and abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23421670, 4240, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 24, 35 ], [ 45, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes of Loon, German duchess and regent (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 34808624, 35348624, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 35, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Galeran V de Beaumont, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5226972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffroy III de Pons, French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 58897453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh VI (the Clever), French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 50085414 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John I of Ponthieu, Norman nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3123214 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maurice of Carnoet, French Cistercian abbot (b. 1117)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23638524, 50409, 36269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 28, 38 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mór Ní Tuathail, queen of Leinster (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23673175, 74203 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard de Camville, English nobleman and governor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 25400924 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rupert III, German nobleman (House of Nassau)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21247950, 2972091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 30, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shun'e (or Tayū no Kimi), Japanese (waka) poet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 47412693, 34999845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sohrevardi, Persian scholar and philosopher (b. 1154)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 971443, 34923 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter Ophamil (or Offamil), Sicilian archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4997576 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William V (the Old), Italian nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1926242 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William Fitzstephen, English cleric and administrator", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1011260 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The events of the Ubisoft video game Assassin's Creed take place this year.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In fiction", "target_page_ids": [ 563616, 5363, 5069549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 26 ], [ 27, 37 ], [ 38, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Adventures of Robin Hood, 1938, Film, starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland. Claims to be set in this year.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "In fiction", "target_page_ids": [ 62084, 67030, 88833 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ], [ 52, 63 ], [ 68, 87 ] ] } ]

[ "1191" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1190 (MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 15 ], [ 23, 53 ], [ 99, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 24 Yelü Chucai, Chinese statesman (d. 1244)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15888, 5284305, 42484 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 30 Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Arab scholar (d. 1258)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8677, 3415378, 42493 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Benedetto Sinigardi, Italian Franciscan friar (d. 1282)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47170625, 64176, 34723 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 40 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerhard II of Lippe, German archbishop (d. 1258)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47147073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Heinrich I von Müllenark, German archbishop (d. 1238)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5919600, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Helvis of Cyprus, princess of Antioch (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15253332, 256387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 31, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry II of Bar, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 17143783, 28978421, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 25, 33 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ida of Nivelles, Belgian Cistercian nun and mystic (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58409050, 50409, 612916, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 36 ], [ 45, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John (the Old), French nobleman and knight (d. 1267)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18663011, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Klement of Ruszcza, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1256)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58244409, 40499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Luce de Gast, English nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2464964 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1260)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10120762, 42495 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter González (or Pedro), Castilian priest (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4798368, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pietro della Vigna, Italian jurist and diplomat (d. 1249)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3120702, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richer of Senones, French monk and chronicler (d. 1266)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16462397, 42501 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger I of Fézensaguet, French nobleman (d. 1245)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 25646785, 42485 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sayf al-Din al-Bakharzi, Persian theologian (d. 1261)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 54596143, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sorghaghtani Beki, mother of Kublai Khan (d. 1252)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1554826, 20754760, 35325 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 30, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tbeli Abuserisdze, Georgian scholar and writer (d. 1240)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11342638, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theodora Angelina, Byzantine noblewoman (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21997549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vincent of Beauvais, French encyclopedist (d. 1264)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 382501, 42499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William Marshal, English nobleman and knight (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1958382 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William Perault, French preacher and writer (d. 1271)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5113150, 39989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Władysław Odonic, duke of Greater Poland (d. 1239)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8145560, 45367947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yuan Haowen, Chinese politician and poet (d. 1257)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20146302, 42492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zulema L'Astròloga, Moorish astronomer (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 53203783 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Otto II (the Rich), margrave of Meissen (b. 1125)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 12927555, 3211873, 36274 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 46, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 15 Isabella of Hainault, wife of Philip II (Augustus) (b. 1170)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19635, 690936, 25093, 36459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 41, 50 ], [ 66, 70 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 23 Saigyō Hōshi, Japanese monk, poet and writer (b. 1118)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20210, 708701, 36270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 23 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 10 Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1122)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15805, 39699, 36042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 21 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 25 Sibylla (or Sibylle), queen of Jerusalem (b. 1160)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15804, 308792, 16822, 40014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 41, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 29 Maud of Gloucester (or Matilda), English countess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15968, 23078691 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 1 Floris III, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1141)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1254, 979941, 34975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 21 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 16 Dedi III (the Fat), German nobleman (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1448, 35745262, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 21 Godfrey III, count of Louvain (House of Reginar)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1499, 2511851, 642261, 11779567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 23 ], [ 34, 41 ], [ 43, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 13 Herman IV, German nobleman (b. 1135)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28030, 5370888, 34985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 24 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 20 Adelog of Hildesheim, German bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28148, 42023798 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 16 Louis III (the Mild), German nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22556, 38300465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 3 Diepold of Berg, German bishop (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21764, 54459529, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 28 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 19 Baldwin of Forde, English archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21574, 3413286 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 21 Děpolt II (or Diepold), German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21576, 39747263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernard II de Balliol, Norman nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15396474 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chrétien de Troyes, French poet, trouvère and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 170987, 5121166 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 34, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey IV (the Younger), French nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53580626 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, Arab-Jewish translator (or 1191)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1909007, 40007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maria Komnene, queen of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1144)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16520527, 41235373, 35549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 25, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ramon I de Montcada, Catalan nobleman (b. 1150)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 41397582, 40083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ranulf de Glanvill, English Chief Justiciar and writer", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 204980, 367954 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert de Beaumont (White-Hands), English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 455630 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walkelin de Derby (de Ferrers), Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11569132 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Walter de Clifford (or FitzRichard), English nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10732860 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] } ]

[ "1190" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1169 (MCLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 10 Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1183)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 28020, 1615, 40092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 34 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ahi Evren, Bektashi Sufi preacher and philosopher (d. 1261)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2218371, 28246, 42496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 21, 25 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, Ayyubid ruler of Damascus (d. 1225)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16402255, 8914, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 45, 53 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eustace de Vesci, English nobleman and military leader (d. 1216)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10678604, 28978421, 39991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn al-Mustawfi, Ayyubid governor and historian (d. 1239)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 42616459, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Yoshitsune, Japanese nobleman (d. 1206)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12824248, 40001 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad II, Khwarezmid viceroy and ruler (d. 1220)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 584009, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nasu no Yoichi, Japanese samurai (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2089033, 28288 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 26, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Taira no Atsumori, Japanese samurai (d. 1184)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1716435, 40093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 13 Bertrand de Blanchefort, French Grand Master ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16191, 1888033, 2000515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 36 ], [ 45, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 18 Shawar, Fatimid vizier and de facto ruler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16202, 12519147, 43594 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 19 ], [ 40, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 4 John of Ajello, Italian bishop of Catania", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11359, 39415161, 15212569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 47, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 6 Thoros II (the Great), prince of Armenia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11021, 406285, 1118477 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 46, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 23 Shirkuh, Zangid general and chief vizier", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20210, 925659, 242409 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ], [ 45, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 21 Berthold of Zwiefalten, German abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19684, 64620346, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ], [ 40, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 9 Guido of Pisa, Italian geographer ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15883, 681575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, Persian polymath", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 52933884, 25121 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Basil bar Shumna, archbishop of Edessa", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 64542481, 3532488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 33, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bohemond II, Italian count of Manoppello", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7620190, 5882174 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 31, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boleslaw, Swedish co-ruler of Östergötland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2981839, 24071857 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 31, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerhoh of Reichersberg, German theologian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8052595 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hilary of Chichester, English bishop (b. 1110)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12963058, 36280 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hillin of Falmagne, German archbishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7577840 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Luke Chrysoberges, Byzantine patriarch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 26891890 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mujir al-Din Abaq, governor of Damascus", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16655711 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Otomae, Japanese female singer (b. 1085)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49103983, 42466 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ramiro Fróilaz, Leonese military leader", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 25604866 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen du Perche, Sicilian chancellor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4926672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] } ]

[ "1169" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1167 (MCLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February Frederick VI, duke of Swabia (d. 1191)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 669255, 3196657, 40007 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 23 ], [ 33, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anders Sunesen, archbishop of Lund (d. 1228)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5943604, 2667531, 36263 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 31, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Warin II (the Younger), Norman knight (d. 1218)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 52629288, 39993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William I, count of Holland (Low Countries) (d. 1222)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2807845, 691057, 51402, 36260 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 21, 28 ], [ 30, 43 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 12 Aelred of Rievaulx, English abbot (b. 1110)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16112, 737039, 1143, 36280 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 41, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 27 Robert of Melun, bishop of Hereford (b. 1100)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11310, 1766547, 3520271, 36300 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 29 ], [ 41, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 12 Charles VII (Sverkersson), king of Sweden (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1009, 812027, 5058739, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 46, 52 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 13 Xia (Shenfu), Chinese empress consort (b. 1136)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15878, 33571398, 40075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 13 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Děpold I, Bohemian prince (epidemic)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5449280 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Frederick IV, duke of Swabia (epidemic)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 669253 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry I, count of Nassau (epidemic)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 58266693, 191365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 19, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry II, duke of Limburg (epidemic)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5482559, 1839411 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 14 Rainald of Dassel, German archbishop (b. 1120)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1417, 2278808, 36272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 29 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 17 Nicolò Politi, Italian monk and hermit (b. 1117)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1490, 63889646, 271054, 36269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 25 ], [ 44, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 22 Relindis of Hohenburg, French abbess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1012, 49451341, 1301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 33 ], [ 42, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 10 Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1102)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28020, 48951, 42472 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 22 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abraham ibn Ezra, Spanish philosopher (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 143794 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alaungsithu, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty (b. 1090)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10388391, 6688093, 42468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 34, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Basava, Indian philosopher and statesman (b. 1105)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 724922, 42474 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Christian I (the Quarrelsome), count of Oldenburg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 40078622, 7456408 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 41, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (b. 1104)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 689563, 42473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh of Poitiers, French monk and chronicler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16350124 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Occo of Schleswig (or Ogge), Danish bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 38143658 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raymond I (or Raimond), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13071869, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rostislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1110)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 936339, 9074276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 30, 34 ] ] } ]

[ "1167" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "1166 (MCLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 6, 12 ], [ 20, 52 ], [ 98, 113 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 24 Al-Mansur Abdallah, Zaidi imam (d. 1217)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11007, 30386989, 15240, 39992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ], [ 40, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 29 Henry I (or Henry II), king of Jerusalem (d. 1197)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15968, 374167, 16822, 40060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 41, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 24 John, king of England (d. 1216)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8359, 16550, 407950, 39991 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 18 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Moorish pharmacist (d. 1239)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34884475, 40069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alan IV (the Young), viscount of Rohan (d. 1205)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 55314456, 1609332, 36372 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 34, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arnold of Altena, German nobleman (d. 1209)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5651936, 28978421, 36057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 26, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Choe U, Korean general and dictator (d. 1249)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3716637, 42488 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Humphrey IV, lord of Toron (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 639391, 1193709 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 22, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Judah ben Isaac Messer, French rabbi (b. 1224)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7402322, 51273, 36065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 32, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Odo III (or Eudes), duke of Burgundy (d. 1218)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 628856, 441671, 39993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 29, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip d'Aubigny, English nobleman (d. 1236)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49417976, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Prithviraj Chauhan, Indian ruler of Ajmer (d. 1192)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2051965, 2645, 38572 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 37, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shimazu Tadahisa, Japanese warlord (d. 1227)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1192575, 36262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shunten (or Shunten-Ō), Ryukyu ruler (d. 1237)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24673563, 40068 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tamar the Great, queen of Georgia (d. 1213)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 37762, 7466162, 39995 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wansong Xingxiu, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1246)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47079767, 226808, 42486 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 34 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey (d. 1240)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 642989, 618094, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 25, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 21 Abdul Qadir Gilani, Persian preacher (b. 1078)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11010, 4033938, 36038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 9 Waleran de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1787, 3262170, 42473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 7 William I (the wicked), king of Sicily (b. 1120)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19582, 157910, 641373, 36272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 17 ], [ 40, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ahmad Yasawi, Turkic Sufi religious leader (b. 1093)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2907794, 28246, 36211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 22, 26 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Athanasius VII bar Qatra, Syrian patriarch of Antioch", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53632080, 36900 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 47, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Motozane, Japanese waka poet (b. 1143)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9254179, 34999845, 35544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 32, 36 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gillamaire Ua Conallta, Irish poet and Chief Ollam ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27364513, 27308370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 40, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Grigor III, Armenian catholicos of Cilicia (b. 1093)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24013957, 7853004, 36211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 36, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Konoe Motozane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1143)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9730621 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muirchertach mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5536422, 147575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ], [ 42, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rosalia, Norman nobleman and saint (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 45302, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] } ]

[ "1166" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1162 (MCLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 5 Ogasawara Nagakiyo, Japanese warrior (d. 1242)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20314, 6646782, 42482 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 11 Theodoric I, margrave of Meissen (d. 1221)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19530, 4510600, 3211873, 36189 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 36, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 20 Benchō, Japanese Buddhist patriarch (d. 1238)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15818, 18248777, 297220, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 16 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 30 Yang (or Gongsheng), Chinese empress (d. 1233)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15843, 33575374, 40065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 14 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, Abbasid traveler and writer (d. 1231)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2674, 40063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet and calligrapher (d. 1241)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1126926, 42481 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gebre Mesqel, ruler of the Ethiopian Empire (d. 1221)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2901800, 9602302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 28, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire (d. 1227)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 17414699, 240146, 36262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 30, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 559232, 212505 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 26, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guillem de Cabestany, Spanish troubadour (d. 1212)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1639026, 63788, 39996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kajiwara Kagesue, Japanese nobleman (d. 1200)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7031391, 28978421, 36394 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 28, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Renier of Montferrat, Byzantine politician (d. 1183)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1924611, 40092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 18 Theotonius, Portuguese advisor (b. 1082)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11363, 23590760, 42464 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 31 Géza II, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1130)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19653, 2680863, 879716, 755314, 35543 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 16 ], [ 26, 33 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 7 Haakon II (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (b. 1147)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15863, 1452916, 47392864, 36049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 29 Guigues V, count of Albon and Grenoble (b. 1125)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15968, 15872398, 834058, 50972, 36274 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 30, 35 ], [ 40, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 31 Fujiwara no Tadazane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1078)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18679439, 3291142, 36038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 30 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 6 Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona (b. 1114)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1019, 302865, 3409591, 36266 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ], [ 40, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 27 Odo II, duke of Burgundy (b. 1118)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27934, 628849, 441671, 36270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 21 ], [ 31, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adalbert of Pomerania, German missionary and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20069282 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Angharad ferch Owain, queen of Gwynedd (b. 1065)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 44488527, 438748, 42456 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 32, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Odo of Deuil (or Eudes), French abbot and historian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4710263, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 33, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry Aristippus (or Henricus), Italian chancellor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5097211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh de Morville, Norman nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8142911 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Zuhr (or Avenzoar), Moorish physician (b. 1094)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 735136, 2106879, 42471 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 33, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Judith of Baden, German margravine", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 68445217 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard de Belmeis II, English bishop and politician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13083123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sylvester of Marsico, Norman nobleman (b. 1100)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5056053, 36300 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tiantong Zongjue, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 1091)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35494560, 226808, 42469 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] } ]

[ "1162" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1160 (MCLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321374, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 15 ], [ 23, 51 ], [ 97, 112 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Alys of France, daughter of Louis VII (d. 1220)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 1599354, 48436, 36063 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 40, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 3 Conrad of Querfurt, German bishop (d. 1202)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8355, 45336581, 36056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 31 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Almohad caliph (d. 1199)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1680277, 40062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adolf III, count of Schaumburg and Holstein (d. 1225)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24273141, 13294959, 179403, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 21, 31 ], [ 36, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alice of Courtenay, French noblewoman (d. 1218)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 26527920, 28978421, 39993 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 28, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ali ibn al-Athir, Arab historian and biographer (d. 1233)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1138639, 40065 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Azriel of Gerona, Catalan Jewish leader (d. 1238)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1634203, 36070 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice of Viennois, countess of Savoy (d. 1230)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 30695542, 27885, 40064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 35, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bertold V, German nobleman (House of Zähringen) (d. 1218)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 14075841, 75018 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 29, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cadenet, French poet and troubadour (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12831779, 63788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 26, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David Kimhi, French rabbi and grammarian (d. 1235)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1553832, 51273, 40066 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 21, 26 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dulce of Aragon, queen of Portugal (d. 1198)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4645949, 9352542, 40061 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eschiva of Ibelin, queen of Cyprus (d. 1196)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15253452, 256586, 36136 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 29, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eudokia Komnene, French noblewoman (d. 1203)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4750797, 40002 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hartmann I, count of Württemberg (d. 1240)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10471886, 40981147, 42479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 22, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isaac the Blind, French rabbi and writer (d. 1235)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1634208 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Hexham, English chronicler (d. 1209)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1544567, 36057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Matha, French priest and saint (d. 1213)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5958987, 39995 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Konoe Motomichi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1233)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9943918 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ma Yuan, Chinese landscape painter (d. 1225)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8374705, 1359329, 36261 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 18, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mestwin I, duke of Pomerania (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 530834, 342502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Parisius (or Parisio), Italian priest and saint (d. 1267)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23776449, 42502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip the Chancellor, French theologian (d. 1236)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4587609, 40067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rudolph I, count palatine of Tübingen (d. 1219)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35848349, 30061, 39994 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 30, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sasaki Takatsuna, Japanese samurai (d. 1214)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5184257, 28288, 36396 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sibylla (or Sibylle), queen of Jerusalem (d. 1190)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 308792, 16822, 40008 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 32, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Siraj al-Din al-Sakaki, Persian scholar (d. 1229)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 61439670, 36067 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Taira no Koremori, Japanese general (d. 1184)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1362650, 40093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Taira no Noritsune, Japanese nobleman (d. 1185)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1364986, 40094 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tamar the Great, queen of Georgia (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 37762, 7466162 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vladislaus III, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 471583, 424966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 25, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 12 Al-Muqtafi, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1096)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20197, 1091278, 49856, 42440 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 21 ], [ 37, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 3 William FitzAlan, Breton nobleman (b. 1105)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2279, 39062789, 42474 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 27 Rudolf I, count of Bregenz and Chur (b. 1081)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2326, 49939823, 20797273, 42044248, 42463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 19 ], [ 30, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 18 ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19389 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eric IX (the Holy), king of Sweden (b. 1120)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 779468, 5058739, 36272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 29, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn al-Qalanisi, Arab politician and chronicler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2463649 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 31 Mechtildis of Edelstetten, German abbess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19653, 23560585, 1301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 34 ], [ 43, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 23 Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1149)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16181, 4341989, 40081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 32 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Constance of Castile, queen of France (b. 1141)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 8440381, 376974, 34975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ], [ 43, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 17 Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn, Irish poet (b. 1102)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8322, 26695153, 42472 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 37 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 22 Fujiwara no Nariko, Japanese empress (b. 1117)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8728, 33812822, 36269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 32 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dharanindravarman II, Cambodian ruler of the Khmer Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 451258, 222431 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 46, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Michinori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1106)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2262036, 42475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Nobuyori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1133)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2218452, 40073 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gonzalo Fernández de Traba, Galician nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24228577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Helena of Skövde, Swedish noblewoman and saint", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3052303 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Herman III (the Great), German nobleman (b. 1105)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4117128 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Herman of Carinthia, German astronomer (b. 1100)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 98996, 36300 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh Candidus, English monk and historian (b. 1095)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10299676, 36041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Quzman, Andalusian poet and writer (b. 1087)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6980846, 35069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mahsati, Persian female poet and writer (b. 1089)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3619926, 42467 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Tomonaga, Japanese samurai (b. 1144)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5963494, 35549 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Yoshihira, Japanese nobleman (b. 1140)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1601691, 40078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Japanese general (b. 1123)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 224061, 36045 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Niklot, Obotrite prince (House of Mecklenburg) (b. 1090)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13021442, 1866578, 42468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 26, 46 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter Lombard, French bishop and theologian (b. 1096)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 600883 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Philip of France, French prince and archdeacon (b. 1132)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 45490411, 40072 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raymond du Puy, French knight and Grand Master (b. 1083)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 986103, 7193755, 42465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 35, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert I (Nostell), Norman churchman and prior (b. 1100)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28792237 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sophie of Winzenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1105)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35852422 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] } ]

[ "1160" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Skeleton returned to the program of the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in 54 years at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, Utah. This was the first time Olympic competitions in skeleton were held during an Olympics outside of St. Moritz. Both men and women competed, with women competing for the first time in Olympic history. Medals were awarded after five runs down the course. Both events were contested on February 20.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 159776, 34069, 38678, 53837, 305193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 8 ], [ 40, 60 ], [ 99, 109 ], [ 113, 133 ], [ 233, 243 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Nineteen nations competed in the skeleton events at Salt Lake City.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Participating NOCs", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Official Results Book – Skeleton", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Skeleton_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "2002_Winter_Olympics_events", "Skeleton_at_the_Winter_Olympics", "2002_in_skeleton" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah. The men's and women's tournaments were won by Canada, who defeated the host United States in both finals.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 14790, 38678, 1886217, 137073, 2835025, 82131, 5042916 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 6 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 51, 59 ], [ 63, 79 ], [ 84, 99 ], [ 103, 114 ], [ 162, 168 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The final standings at the end of the 1999 IIHF World Championship were used to determine the path to the Olympic tournament. The top six places were given direct entry to the First round, places seven and eight were given direct entry to the Preliminary round, and all other participants were seeded in qualifying tournaments to fill the remaining six spots. This chart shows the seeding path for all nations, in detail.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Men's tournament", "target_page_ids": [ 28048084 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 66 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The qualification process, and seedings for the Olympic tournament, came from the final standings of the 2000 IIHF Women's World Championship. The top six nations were given direct entry to the Olympics, the final two spots were contested in a qualification tournament. The nations ranked seven through ten played a round robin in Engelberg Switzerland February 8–11, 2001.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Women's tournament", "target_page_ids": [ 16915982, 40343807, 317675, 26748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 105, 141 ], [ 318, 329 ], [ 333, 342 ], [ 343, 354 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The eight teams were split into two equal divisions. All teams played three preliminary games within their division. Following the completion of the preliminary round, the top two teams from each division advanced to the medal round and competed in a playoff to determine the gold medalist. The other four played classification games. Team rosters were allowed to have between 15 and 18 skaters (forwards and defensemen).", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Women's tournament", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A total of eight national teams competed in the women's ice hockey tournament.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Women's tournament", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Ice sledge hockey at the 2002 Winter Paralympics", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 16797038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Official results for men's tournament ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Official results for women's tournament ", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Official results for women's qualification", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Official structure and seeding for men's qualification and Olympic tournament", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Ice_hockey_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "2002_Winter_Olympics_events", "Ice_hockey_at_the_Winter_Olympics", "2002_in_ice_hockey", "International_ice_hockey_competitions_hosted_by_the_United_States", "2001–02_in_American_ice_hockey" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The original Yankee Stadium was a stadium located in the Bronx in New York City. It was the home ballpark of the New York Yankees, one of the city's Major League Baseball franchises, from 1923 to 2008, except for 1974-75 when the stadium was renovated. It hosted 6,581 Yankees regular season home games during its 85-year history. It was also the home of the New York Giants National Football League (NFL) team from 1956 through September 1973. The stadium's nickname, \"The House That Ruth Built\", is derived from Babe Ruth, the baseball superstar whose prime years coincided with the stadium's opening and the beginning of the Yankees' winning history. It has often been referred to as \"The Cathedral of Baseball\".", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3338, 645042, 1987995, 4848143, 38776, 21757, 21211, 15955057, 18908204, 4173 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 62 ], [ 66, 79 ], [ 97, 105 ], [ 113, 129 ], [ 149, 170 ], [ 359, 374 ], [ 375, 399 ], [ 416, 420 ], [ 439, 443 ], [ 514, 523 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The stadium was built from 1922 to 1923 for $2.4million ($34.4 million in 2022 dollars). Its construction was paid for entirely by Yankees owner Jacob Ruppert, who was eager to have his own stadium after sharing the Polo Grounds with the New York Giants baseball team the previous ten years. Located only a half-mile (0.8km) north of the upper Manhattan location of the Polo Grounds, Yankee Stadium opened for the 1923 season and was hailed at the time as a one-of-a-kind facility in the country. Over the course of its history, Yankee Stadium became one of the most famous venues in the United States, having hosted a variety of events and historic moments during its existence. While many of these moments were baseball-related—including World Series games, no-hitters, perfect games, and historic home runs—the stadium also hosted boxing matches, the 1958 NFL Championship Game (referred to as The Greatest Game Ever Played), college football, concerts, Jehovah's Witnesses conventions (see record attendance), and three Papal Masses. The stadium went through many alterations and playing surface configurations over the years. The condition of the facility worsened in the 1960s and 1970s, prompting its closure for renovation from October 1973 through 1975. The renovation significantly altered the appearance of the venue and reduced the distance of the outfield fences.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 413919, 534386, 24089250, 11444096, 19426847, 23489161, 329902, 186058, 14148, 4243, 3018442, 52547, 23056, 11487431 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 145, 158 ], [ 216, 228 ], [ 238, 253 ], [ 414, 418 ], [ 630, 657 ], [ 740, 752 ], [ 760, 770 ], [ 772, 785 ], [ 800, 808 ], [ 834, 840 ], [ 854, 880 ], [ 957, 976 ], [ 1024, 1029 ], [ 1257, 1261 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium on public parkland adjacent to the stadium, which included $1.2billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that had been part of the original Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the \"Yankee Stadium\" moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the site was converted into a public park called Heritage Field.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 22146637, 147964, 4504680, 13848348, 19084636 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 62 ], [ 192, 198 ], [ 265, 278 ], [ 395, 399 ], [ 437, 441 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Yankees had played at the Polo Grounds in upper Manhattan since 1913, sharing the venue with the New York Giants. However, relations between the two teams were rocky, with the Giants harboring resentment towards the Yankees. The Yankees had been looking for a new and permanent venue since at least 1909. The local papers had periodic announcements about the Yankees acquiring and developing land in the Kingsbridge neighborhood for a new ballpark northeast of 225th and Broadway, and wrote about the park as if its construction was already in progress. The Kingsbridge pipe dream continued with new owners Ruppert and Huston, but nothing came of it. The Yankees would remain tenants at the Polo Grounds for ten years, the same length of time they had spent at Hilltop Park.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 534386, 45470, 24089250, 1191458, 765926 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 42 ], [ 52, 61 ], [ 101, 116 ], [ 408, 419 ], [ 765, 777 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "For the 1920 season, the Yankees acquired star slugger Babe Ruth and in his first year with his new team, the Yankees drew 1.3million fans to the Polo Grounds, outdrawing the Giants. By the middle of 1920, the Giants had issued an eviction notice to the Yankees, which was soon rescinded. In 1921, the Yankees won their first American League pennant (but lost the then-best-of-nine 1921 World Series to the Giants in eight games, all played at the Polo Grounds). This exacerbated Giants owner Charles Stoneham's and manager John McGraw's resentment of the Yankees and reinforced their insistence that the Yankees find another place to play their home games. McGraw, always ready with a pointed quote for the sportswriters, derisively suggested that the Yankees relocate \"to Queens or some other out-of-the-way place\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 4173, 64777, 14908948, 1332309, 16308021, 18571271, 45579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 64 ], [ 326, 341 ], [ 342, 349 ], [ 382, 399 ], [ 493, 509 ], [ 524, 535 ], [ 774, 780 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston and Jacob Ruppert, the Yankees' owners since January 1915, finally decided to put the club's dream into reality and build their own stadium. The owners did so at considerable financial risk and speculation. Baseball teams typically played in 30,000-seat facilities, but Huston and Ruppert invoked Ruth's name when asked how the Yankees could justify a ballpark with 60,000 seats. The doubt over the Yankees' lasting power was amplified by baseball's sagging popularity after the 1919 Black Sox Scandal, in which eight Chicago White Sox players were expelled for conspiring with gamblers to fix that year's World Series. Many people also felt three baseball teams could not prosper in New York City, but Huston and Ruppert were confident the Yankees could thrive amongst the more established New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League (their gamble eventually paid off: Both National League teams relocated to California following the 1957 season). The total bill for construction of the stadium was $2.5million.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 11837498, 413919, 304356, 5945, 1332334, 24089250, 25036634, 64290 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 30 ], [ 35, 48 ], [ 515, 532 ], [ 549, 566 ], [ 637, 649 ], [ 822, 837 ], [ 842, 858 ], [ 866, 881 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Huston and Ruppert explored many areas for Yankee Stadium. Of the other sites being considered, the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, at Amsterdam Avenue between 136th and 138th streets in Manhattan, nearly became reality. Consideration was also given to building atop railroad tracks on the West Side of Manhattan (an idea revived in 1998) and to Long Island City, in Queens. The area Huston and Ruppert settled on was a lumberyard in the Bronx within walking distance from and in sight of, Coogan's Bluff. The Polo Grounds was located on the Manhattan side of the Harlem River, at 155th Street and Eighth Avenue. Huston and Ruppert purchased the lumberyard from William Waldorf Astor for $600,000, equal to $ today. Construction began May 5, 1922 and Yankee Stadium opened to the public less than a year later. The stadium's walls were built of \"an extremely hard and durable concrete that was developed by Thomas Edison\", with a total of of concrete used in the original structure.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 17639512, 45470, 59265, 45579, 3338, 559705, 287802, 1780953, 537570, 29778 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 100, 120 ], [ 177, 186 ], [ 336, 352 ], [ 357, 363 ], [ 425, 434 ], [ 481, 495 ], [ 555, 567 ], [ 589, 602 ], [ 653, 674 ], [ 898, 911 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yankee Stadium officially opened on Wednesday, April 18, 1923, with the Yankees' first home game, against the Boston Red Sox. According to the New York Evening Telegram, \"everything smelled of... fresh paint, fresh plaster and fresh grass\". At 3pm, the composer-conductor John Philip Sousa led the Seventh (\"Silk-Stocking\") Regiment Band in playing The Star-Spangled Banner. After a parade of the players and dignitaries, Babe Ruth was presented with a case containing a symbolically big bat. New York Governor Al Smith threw out the first pitch directly into the glove of catcher Wally Schang rather than the customary couple of feet wide. The Yankees went on to defeat Ruth's former team, the Boston Red Sox, by a score of 4–1, with Ruth hitting a three-run home run into the right-field stands. Asked later for his opinion of the stadium, he replied, \"Some ball yard.\"", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 9037408, 39753, 28942830, 31064, 172040, 4297525, 4339 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 143, 168 ], [ 272, 289 ], [ 298, 337 ], [ 349, 373 ], [ 511, 519 ], [ 581, 593 ], [ 695, 709 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Upon opening, Fred Lieb of the New York Evening Telegram dubbed it \"The House That Ruth Built\". The Yankees also won their first World Series during the Stadium's inaugural season. Future Yankee manager Casey Stengel hit the first post-season home run in stadium history while playing with the opposing New York Giants. The only other team to do so prior to the 2006 St. Louis Cardinals in (the new) Busch Stadium had been the Pittsburgh Pirates, who won the 1909 World Series in Forbes Field's inaugural season; and the Boston Red Sox, who won the 1912 World Series in Fenway Park's first year. The Yankees accomplished this feat yet again in the New Yankee Stadium in the 2009 World Series.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2557154, 1332312, 16259132, 75124, 24089250, 9770295, 2070074, 13810284, 1332386, 632720, 12189250, 1332218, 11238, 22146637, 19382791 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 23 ], [ 129, 141 ], [ 163, 179 ], [ 203, 216 ], [ 303, 318 ], [ 362, 386 ], [ 400, 413 ], [ 427, 445 ], [ 459, 476 ], [ 480, 492 ], [ 521, 535 ], [ 549, 566 ], [ 570, 581 ], [ 648, 666 ], [ 674, 691 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Stadium was the first facility in North America with three tiers, although the triple deck originally extended only to the left and right field corners. The concrete lower deck extended well into left field, with the obvious intention of extending the upper deck over it, which was accomplished during the 1926–27 off-season. As originally built, the stadium seated 58,000. For the stadium's first game, the announced attendance was 74,217 (with another 25,000 turned away); however, Yankees business manager Ed Barrow later admitted that the actual attendance was closer to 60,000. Regardless of what the figure was, it was undoubtedly more than the 42,000 fans who attended game five of the 1916 World Series at Braves Field, baseball's previous attendance record. However, during the 1920s and 1930s, the Yankees' popularity was such that crowds in excess of 80,000 were not uncommon. It was referred to as \"the Yankee Stadium\" (with the \"s\" in \"stadium\" sometimes lowercase) until the 1950s.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1470415, 1332381, 754455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 513, 522 ], [ 697, 714 ], [ 718, 730 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yankee Stadium underwent more extensive renovations from 1936 through 1938. The wooden bleachers were replaced with concrete, shrinking the \"death valley\" area of left and center substantially, although the area was still much deeper than in most ballparks; and the second and third decks were extended to short right center. Runways were left between the bleachers and the triple-deck on each end, serving as bullpens. By 1938, the Stadium had assumed the \"classic\" shape that it would retain for the next 35 years. In April 1945, Yankees president Larry MacPhail announced that after the War, the Yankees would install an additional tier of bleachers to increase stadium capacity to 100,000. In addition to the bleachers, he also planned to add 2,000 additional box-seats by lowering the field and shortening the distance from the backstop to home-plate from . However, the plans fell through and the expansion did not take place.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1477520, 32927 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 550, 564 ], [ 590, 593 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Many sources incorrectly state that prior to the 1955 season, Yankee Stadium's Ballantine Beer scoreboard was sold to the Phillies for use in Shibe Park. Although the two scoreboards possessed some superficial resemblances, they differed in many details and the Yankee Stadium scoreboard remained at Yankee Stadium until 1959 when it was replaced, two years after a different Ballantine scoreboard was installed at Shibe (by then renamed Connie Mack Stadium).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 15526947, 291865, 635081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 61 ], [ 80, 95 ], [ 143, 153 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The stadium was owned by the Yankees until December 17, 1953 when the ballclub's co-owners Dan Topping and Del Webb sold it and Blues Stadium for $6.5 million ($57,676,180 in 2016 dollars) to Arnold Johnson, who also dealt the land under the ballpark to the Knights of Columbus for $2 million ($17,746,517 in 2016 dollars). After he purchased the Philadelphia Athletics and transferred the franchise to Kansas City on November 8, 1954, Johnson sold Yankee Stadium to John W. Cox on March 22, 1955. Cox, a 1927 graduate of Rice University, donated the ballpark to his alma mater on July 19, 1962.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 8322, 7294451, 4021328, 758601, 3133844, 16858, 33800008, 17454, 21759, 20211, 25813, 16091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 54 ], [ 91, 102 ], [ 107, 115 ], [ 128, 141 ], [ 192, 206 ], [ 258, 277 ], [ 347, 369 ], [ 403, 414 ], [ 418, 428 ], [ 482, 490 ], [ 522, 537 ], [ 581, 588 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the 1966–67 offseason, during the period in which Rice owned the stadium, the concrete exterior was painted white, and the interior was painted blue. The metal frieze circling the upper deck was painted white.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 1970, newly reelected Mayor John Lindsay approached team president Michael Burke of CBS, which owned the Yankees, with an offer to spend $25million on improvements to Yankee Stadium. (Six years earlier, the Mets' new home, Shea Stadium, had opened in Queens at a similar public cost.) By this time, it was obvious that the stadium had significant structural issues; concrete chunks were seen falling from the stands.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 206327, 279089, 37653, 28855 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 30 ], [ 31, 43 ], [ 87, 90 ], [ 226, 238 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Burke floated two proposals to build a new stadium on the same site in the Bronx; one included a dome. CBS also asked for 10,000 additional parking spaces and road improvements to alleviate traffic. In August 1971, the New York Giants football team announced that it would leave Yankee Stadium for a new football-only stadium in the Meadowlands Sports Complex under development in New Jersey. In 1971, the city of New York forced (via eminent domain) Rice to sell the stadium for a mere $2.5million (equivalent to $ today). That December, after significant lobbying by Lindsay, the New York City Board of Estimate approved $24million ($140million in 2014 dollars) for the city to renovate Yankee Stadium. The figure included $3.5million for the purchase of the stadium and the piece of land from Rice University and the Knights of Columbus. At the time, New York City was on the brink of bankruptcy. In January 1973, CBS sold the Yankees to a group led by George Steinbrenner for $10million. Yankee Stadium closed for renovation on September 30, 1973. The Yankees played their home games in 1974 and 1975 at Shea Stadium (The NFL Giants played their last Yankee Stadium game on September 23 (a tie), then went to the Yale Bowl through 1974, Shea in 1975, and the new Giants Stadium in 1976). When the renovated stadium opened in 1976 on April 15, the cost had ballooned to $160million ($ in dollars); originally borne by New York City, it is now being paid off by New York State.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 21757, 321352, 624915, 144089, 5023274, 11487311, 287250, 11487408, 11487431, 21211, 18908204, 771113, 19387589, 18908447, 321352, 19387754, 11487460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 219, 234 ], [ 298, 325 ], [ 333, 359 ], [ 435, 449 ], [ 582, 613 ], [ 912, 916 ], [ 957, 976 ], [ 1092, 1096 ], [ 1101, 1105 ], [ 1127, 1130 ], [ 1131, 1137 ], [ 1218, 1227 ], [ 1236, 1240 ], [ 1250, 1254 ], [ 1268, 1282 ], [ 1286, 1290 ], [ 1330, 1334 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The outside shell of the stadium remained the same, with its original concrete walls painted over. Among the more noticeable changes after the renovation was the removal of 118 columns reinforcing each tier of the stadium's grandstand. The stadium's roof, including its distinctive metal frieze, was replaced by the new upper shell and new lights were added. A white painted concrete replica of the frieze was added atop the wall encircling the bleachers. The playing field was lowered by about and moved outward slightly. Escalators and ramps were added in three sections to make the upper deck more accessible. The original wooden stadium seats were replaced with wider plastic ones and the upper deck expanded upward nine rows, excluding the walkway. A new upper concourse was built above the old and original concourse exits were closed in by new seating. A new middle tier was built featuring a larger press box and 16 luxury boxes. About one-third of the bleacher seats were eliminated, their middle section converted to a blacked-out batter's eye. A wall was built behind the bleachers blocking the views from Gerard Avenue and the elevated subway platform above River Avenue. On this wall, the Yankees erected the first instant replay display in baseball, referred to in literature as a \"telescreen\". All told, the Stadium was reduced to a listed capacity of 57,545. The Stadium's playing field was drastically altered. \"Death Valley\" was reduced by more than while the right-field home-run porch was moved out. Monuments once in play were moved to a newly created Monument Park. In 1985, the left field fence was moved in and the stadium assumed its final dimensions in 1988. Although it was essentially the same structure, the renovations were significant enough that some sources consider them two different stadiums. The ESPN Sports Almanac, for instance, calls the original stadium \"Yankee Stadium I\" and the renovated stadium \"Yankee Stadium II\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 147964, 5481163, 1499722, 4504680 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 289, 295 ], [ 1043, 1055 ], [ 1230, 1244 ], [ 1576, 1589 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On April 13, 1998, an long beam fell onto a seat before a scheduled game causing the postponement of two games and the relocation of a third to nearby Shea Stadium while the stadium was inspected.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 28855 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 152, 164 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After years of speculation that the Yankees would build a new ballpark to replace Yankee Stadium, construction on a new facility began on August 16, 2006, with a groundbreaking ceremony across the street in Macombs Dam Park, the site of the new stadium. The Yankees played their final two seasons in the stadium in 2007 and 2008 while the new venue was being built.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 5324332 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 207, 223 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the final game in the Stadium's history was played on September 21, 2008, public tours of Yankee Stadium continued until November 23, 2008. November 9, 2008 was the last day the public tours included Monument Park and the retired number area. On November 12, 2008, construction workers began removing memorials from Monument Park for relocation to the new facility. On November 8, 2008, former Yankees Scott Brosius, Paul O'Neill, David Cone and Jeff Nelson, all members of the 1998 World Series championship team, joined 60 children from two Bronx based youth groups Youth Force 2020 and the ACE Mentor Program in ceremoniously digging up home plate, the pitcher's mound pitching plate (rubber) and the surrounding dirt of both areas and transporting them to comparable areas of new Yankee Stadium.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 877552, 417010, 401021, 998113, 1218105, 968099, 968099 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 408, 421 ], [ 423, 435 ], [ 437, 447 ], [ 452, 463 ], [ 484, 519 ], [ 646, 656 ], [ 662, 677 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "An official closing ceremony was reportedly discussed to occur in November 2008, but was scrapped when the organization decided the final event should be a baseball game. Yankee officials said that while the team had contemplated a final ceremony (with any proceeds going to charity), talk of a concert was just media speculation.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The front office staff vacated the premises on January 23, 2009. Demolition began in March 2009 with the removal of the playing field. On May 13, 2009, the process of removing seats began and was completed on June 8. On September 3 and 4, the iconic white facade was dismantled.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On November 4, 2009, construction workers began tearing down the outfield bleachers, marking the first major structural demolition of the old ballpark. On November 12, demolition work began on the field level grandstand. By the end of November, most of the grandstand and bleachers at field level were gone. By the first week of December, demolition of the midlevel loge seats had begun. By January 2010, the loge level was gone and demolition began on the left field escalator bank adjacent to Gate 2. In February 2010, demolition work began on the upper deck and the outfield wall; the final part of the outfield wall (the Continental Airlines ad, the out-of-town scoreboard and the remaining part of the advertising panel to its right) was taken down February 24, 2010. By March 25, the entire upper deck was taken down.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Following an unsuccessful attempt to save Gate 2 (the only portion of the original Yankee Stadium that mostly remained unaltered after the venue's renovation), demolition of the outer walls of the stadium began on March 29. Demolition of the original Yankee Stadium was completed on May 13, 2010.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A park complex called Heritage Field was constructed on the old stadium site, accounting for 40% of the original parkland that is now occupied by the new Stadium. The groundbreaking ceremony for Heritage Field took place on June 29, 2010. Heritage Field was officially opened in April 2012. At its opening, a blue outline showing the location of the original Yankee Stadium diamond was interwoven into the grass, showing that second base on the new field is in the approximate location of home plate of the original diamond.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Yankee Stadium was the first three-tiered sports facility in the United States and one of the first baseball parks to be given the lasting title of stadium. Baseball teams typically played in a park or a field. The word stadium deliberately evoked ancient Greece, where a stade was a unit of measure—the length of a footrace; the buildings that housed these footraces were called stadia. Yankee Stadium was one of the first to be designed with the intent to be a multi-purpose facility. The field was initially surrounded by a (misshapen) running track, which effectively also served as a warning track for outfielders, a feature now standard on all major league fields. The left and right field bleacher sections were laid out roughly at a right angle to the third base stands, to be properly positioned for both track-and-field events and football. The large electronic scoreboard in right-center field, featuring both teams' lineups and scores of other baseball games, was the first of its kind.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 8334453, 5888500 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 272, 277 ], [ 590, 603 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As Yankee Stadium owed its creation largely to Ruth, its design partially accommodated the game's left-handed-hitting slugger. Initially the fence was from home plate down the right-field line, referred to as the \"short porch\" and to near right field, compared with to the deepest part of center field, nicknamed \"Death Valley\". The right-field bleachers were appropriately nicknamed \"Ruthville\". Although the right field fences were eventually pushed back after the 1974–1975 renovations, they were still relatively close to home plate and retained the \"short porch\" moniker. There is an urban legend that the stadium's field level was several feet below sea level, but that is easily disproven by observing how much higher the stadium site was (and is) than the level of the nearby Harlem River. The altitude of the old ballpark's site is above sea level.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 287802 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 787, 799 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Monument Park was an open-air museum that contained the Yankees' retired numbers, as well as a collection of monuments and plaques honoring distinguished members of the New York Yankees. It was located beyond the left-center field fences, near the bullpens.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The origins of Monument Park can be traced to the original three monuments of Lou Gehrig, Miller Huggins and Babe Ruth that once used to stand in-play in center field. Over the years, the Yankees continued to honor players and personnel with additional monuments and plaques. After the 1974–1975 renovations of Yankee Stadium, the outfield fence was moved in, enclosing the monuments and plaques on the old fence and creating \"Monument Park\". A visual collection of retired numbers was soon added to this location. Monument Park remained there until the stadium's closing in 2008; after the new Yankee Stadium opened, the retired numbers, plaques, and monuments were moved into a new Monument Park in the new ballpark.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 19381762, 702821, 4173, 22146637 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 78, 88 ], [ 90, 104 ], [ 109, 118 ], [ 591, 609 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "One of the most distinguishing characteristics of Yankee Stadium was the facade, which consisted of a green frieze that originally ran along the front of the roof of the triple-decked grandstand, and after a renovation, it ran atop the bleacher billboards and scoreboard. The frieze was made of copper and developed a green patina over time until it was painted white during the 1960s.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 332666, 147964, 407847 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 73, 79 ], [ 108, 114 ], [ 324, 330 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Until the 1973 renovation, the Yankees' American League championship pennants hung from the frieze. Tony Morante, who was in charge of tours at the Stadium, found most of these pennants in a box in 2004 and brought them to team executives to have them restored for display at the new Stadium.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The YES Network uses the frieze in its graphics. It was incorporated into the logo for the 2008 All-Star Game held at the Stadium. It is also used around the main grandstand at the team's spring training facility, which has the post-reconstruction dimensions.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 1907741, 8684236, 1922862 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 15 ], [ 91, 109 ], [ 177, 212 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During its 87-year existence, Yankee Stadium's dimensions were changed several times. The many photographs taken throughout the stadium's history serve as references, especially as the Yankees were among the first to post distance markers on the outfield walls, doing so beginning in 1928.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In its 1923 incarnation, the right and left field foul lines hit the box seat railings at a distance of only about 257 feet from home plate. This did not pose too much of a problem for pitchers, as the seating angled away sharply, especially in left field. The right field corner was a problem for the outfielders, as its construction tended to make a bounding fair ball take an unpredictable carom. This problem, dubbed the \"bloody angle\" by the players, was solved prior to the 1924 season by moving the infield some ten feet toward center and rotating it slightly. That resulted in a new left field distance of , and a new right field of (eventually posted as 295).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "By 1928 some of the box seats had been chiseled away in the left field corner, allowing a somewhat longer foul line distance of . The seating curved away sharply and the far corner of the lower left stand was away. The large wooden bleachers remained well out of reach to most batters hitting toward left and center fields. In 1928 the deep left-center field corner was marked as , with the deep right-center field corner 429. The \"straightaway\" right field distance (at an exit gate) was marked 350 and the right field foul line 295. The right field area would remain the only hitter-friendly portion of the outfield before its 1970s remodeling.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "When the wooden bleachers were replaced by a concrete structure in the 1930s, its left corner (now aligned with the main stand) was marked as . Deep left center shrank to a mere , behind the flagpole. As the monuments began to accumulate, the 461 sign was moved a few feet to the right. The deep right-center corner was 407, the right corner of the bleacher area was 367, and the right field line 296, with a 344 sign about halfway between them. A 457 sign was eventually added to left-center's \"Death Valley\", between the 402/415 pair and the 461.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The 415 sign in deep left field appears in clips of Al Gionfriddo's catch of Joe DiMaggio's long drive in the 1947 World Series. That sign, and its 367 counterpart in right field, were both covered by auxiliary scoreboards during the 1949 season. Those boards displayed the current game inning-by-inning along with runs-hits-errors.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [ 5573850, 48891, 1332364 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 65 ], [ 77, 89 ], [ 110, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When the stadium reopened in 1976, the distance in straight-away center field was . The deepest part of the outfield was in left center at . The most recent field dimensions were reached primarily by moving the Yankee bullpen to left-center from right and making a few other changes so as to bring the left-center field wall in. The 1973-era left-center field wall locations could still be seen in 1976, as this is where the outfield bleacher seats began.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The following is a partial list of the stadium's dimensions throughout the years:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "After a mid-1960s remodeling, the 461 marker was replaced by a 463 marker slightly farther to the left of the pair of double doors and a 433 marker was added between the 463 and 407 markers ostensibly to represent true straightaway center field (being roughly at the midpoint of the batter's-eye screen).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Features", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "From 1951 through 2007, Bob Sheppard was the public address announcer at Yankee Stadium. His distinctive voice (Yankee legend Reggie Jackson has called him \"the Voice of God\") and the way he announced players for over half a century made him a part of the lore of the stadium and the team. Before a player's first at-bat of the game, Sheppard announced his position, his uniform number, his name, and his uniform number again. Example: \"Now batting for the Yankees, the shortstop, number 2, Derek Jeter, Number 2.\" For each following at-bat, Sheppard announced just the position and name: \"The shortstop, Derek Jeter.\" Due to health reasons, 96-year-old Sheppard announced his last game on September 5, 2007. He did sign a new two-year contract with the Yankees in March 2008 but lacked the strength necessary to do the job and missed the entire 2008 season, including the 2008 All-Star Game, which was played at Yankee Stadium. He could not announce the final game at the old stadium in September 2008, but recorded a video address that was played during the pregame ceremonies and also recorded the lineups for the game. He officially announced his retirement after the 2009 season. Sheppard died in July 2010.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 1962114, 59396, 8684236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 36 ], [ 126, 140 ], [ 873, 891 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Hammond Organ was installed at Yankee Stadium in 1967 and was primarily played by Eddie Layton from its introduction until his retirement after the 2003 season. The playing of the organ has added to the character of the stadium for many years, playing before games, introducing players, during the national anthem and the rendition of \"Take me out to the ball game\" during the seventh-inning stretch. After Layton's retirement, he got to pick his replacement, Paul Cartier. In recent years, the use of the organ has been decreased in favor of recorded music between innings and introducing players. Since the 2004 season, the national anthem has rarely been performed by the organists, opting for military recordings of the Star Spangled Banner. In 2005, a new Hammond Elegante was installed replacing the original Hammond Colonnade.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 13312, 1333990, 30689, 941491 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 17 ], [ 86, 98 ], [ 340, 368 ], [ 381, 403 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "One of the most famous traditions for Yankee Stadium was playing Frank Sinatra's version of the \"Theme from New York, New York\" over the loudspeakers after every home win, since 1980. Sinatra's version was not played after Yankee losses, but rather a different version of the song was played.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 11181, 1555876 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 65, 78 ], [ 97, 126 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the September 11 attacks, all American Major League Baseball stadiums started playing \"God Bless America\" during the seventh-inning stretch for the remainder of the 2001 season. Many teams ceased this practice the following season, although it has continued in postseason events at many cities and become a tradition at Yankee Stadium alongside '\"Take Me Out to the Ballgame\". Usually, a recording of \"God Bless America\" by Kate Smith was played, although sometimes there was a live performance by Irish tenor Ronan Tynan. For part of the 2005 season, the Yankees used a recording of Tynan, but the Smith version was reinstated due to fan complaints about the long duration of the Tynan version. The tradition of playing Smith's version continued in the new stadium until April 2019, when accusations surfaced that some of her other songs contained racist lyrics. For the final game at Yankee Stadium, Tynan performed \"God Bless America\" live, including the rarely heard introduction to the song (which Tynan included every time he performed the song at a Yankees game). Currently, \"God Bless America\" is played on the organ at the new stadium during the seventh-inning stretch.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 5058690, 152622, 941491, 615307, 1002248 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 30 ], [ 93, 110 ], [ 123, 145 ], [ 430, 440 ], [ 516, 527 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When the Yankees scored a run, a version of the Westminster chime played as the last player to score in the at-bat gets to home plate. The version of the chime is the beginning of \"Workaholic\" by the music group 2 Unlimited. When the Yankees' closer Mariano Rivera entered a game, he was accompanied by Metallica's \"Enter Sandman\". Since , the Yankees' World Series championships were celebrated with the playing of Queen's \"We Are the Champions\" followed by Frank Sinatra's \"New York, New York\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 296074, 602958, 341814, 18787, 26869054, 42010, 146788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 65 ], [ 212, 223 ], [ 250, 264 ], [ 303, 312 ], [ 316, 329 ], [ 416, 421 ], [ 425, 445 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Outside the stadium's main entrance gate stands a tall exhaust pipe in the shape of a baseball bat, complete with tape at the handle that frays off at the end. It is sponsored by Hillerich & Bradsby, makers of the famous Louisville Slugger line of baseball bats, which is specifically designed to look like a Babe Ruth model. As the most prominent feature on the stadium's exterior, recognizable even to first-time visitors, the bat was often used as a designated meeting spot for fans to meet their ticket holding friends before entering the stadium.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 1460907, 1460907 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 180, 199 ], [ 222, 240 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The \"Bat\" continues to stand outside the Metro North Station, built in 2009. A long pedestrian walkway and its staircase meet at the \"bat\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 8227967 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Beginning in the 1990s and after the first pitch was thrown at the top of the first inning, the \"Bleacher Creatures\" in Section 39, usually led by a man nicknamed Bald Vinny, began chanting the names of every player in the defensive lineup (except the pitcher and catcher, with some rare exceptions), starting with the center fielder. They did not stop chanting the player's name until he acknowledged the Creatures (usually with a wave or a point), who then moved on to the next player. Other names called out during roll call from time to time have included Yankee broadcasters John Sterling and Michael Kay or Aaron Boone, Bucky Dent and Babe Ruth when the Yankees hosted the rival Boston Red Sox. Sometimes, after a long rain delay, the Creatures started another Roll Call for comedic effect. Often when a player was replaced in the field, their replacement was also welcomed with a chant. In 2008, center fielder Melky Cabrera booted a routine grounder while attempting to wave to the fans.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Legacy, traditions and mainstays", "target_page_ids": [ 3600979, 601249, 1213506, 576712, 468592, 2190408 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 115 ], [ 580, 593 ], [ 598, 609 ], [ 613, 624 ], [ 626, 636 ], [ 918, 931 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In its 86 years of existence, Yankee Stadium hosted 6,581 regular season home games for the Yankees. Only Fenway Park (Boston), Wrigley Field (Chicago), Sportsman's Park (St. Louis), and Tiger Stadium (Detroit) have hosted more games. Due to the Yankees' frequent appearances in the World Series, Yankee Stadium played host to 161 postseason games, more than any other stadium in baseball history. The Stadium hosted 37 of the 83 possible World Series during its existence (not counting 1974–75, and the 1994 strike), with the Yankees winning 26 of them. In total, the venue hosted 100 World Series games.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 11238, 40224, 681865, 329275, 23489161, 1970469 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 106, 117 ], [ 128, 141 ], [ 153, 169 ], [ 187, 200 ], [ 283, 295 ], [ 504, 515 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "16 of the 17 World Series won in the Bronx were clinched at the 1923 Yankee Stadium, nine by the Yankees and seven by their opponents:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Yankees, in , , , , , , , and ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "St. Louis Cardinals, in and ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 23408844 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Brooklyn Dodgers, in , the only World Championship won by the Dodgers before moving to Los Angeles.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 10739277 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Milwaukee Braves, in , the only World Series won by a Milwaukee team.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 13132552, 53117 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ], [ 54, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cincinnati Reds, in ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 12430499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Los Angeles Dodgers, in ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 12855155 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Florida Marlins, in ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 8285838 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Yankees won their first 26 World Series championships while playing in Yankee Stadium, with their 27th coming in the first year of playing at its namesake replacement ().", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Perhaps the most memorable moment in the venue's history came on July 4, 1939, designated as \"Lou Gehrig Appreciation Day\". Gehrig, forced out of action permanently by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and facing his impending death, gave a legendary farewell speech thanking his fans and colleagues for making him \"the luckiest man on the face of the earth\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 19381762, 19381762, 19375577 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 121 ], [ 124, 130 ], [ 168, 197 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Many memorable and historic games have been played at Yankee Stadium. All three perfect games thrown by Yankee pitchers have occurred at the Stadium. Don Larsen threw a perfect game on October 8, 1956, in the fifth game of the World Series, while David Wells and David Cone threw theirs on May 17, 1998, and July 18, 1999, respectively. No-hitters were thrown by Monte Pearson, Bob Feller, Allie Reynolds, Virgil Trucks, Dave Righetti, Jim Abbott, Dwight Gooden and a combination of six Houston Astros pitchers in one game.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 186058, 711606, 1272339, 103064, 401021, 329902, 4566612, 475452, 416729, 2747980, 629356, 325229, 280736, 13894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 80, 93 ], [ 150, 160 ], [ 227, 239 ], [ 247, 258 ], [ 263, 273 ], [ 337, 346 ], [ 363, 376 ], [ 378, 388 ], [ 390, 404 ], [ 406, 419 ], [ 421, 434 ], [ 436, 446 ], [ 448, 461 ], [ 487, 501 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Stadium was the site of a nationally televised game on August 6, 1979, the same day as the funeral for departed Yankees captain Thurman Munson. The team attended the funeral in Canton, Ohio earlier in the day and flew to New York for an emotional game. Bobby Murcer drove in all five runs for the Yankees, including a game winning two-run single that defeated the Baltimore Orioles 5–4.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 352481, 129826, 1759538, 4340 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 132, 146 ], [ 181, 193 ], [ 257, 269 ], [ 368, 385 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Many historic home runs have been hit at Yankee Stadium. Babe Ruth hit the ballpark's first home run on its Opening Day in 1923. Ruth also set the then-league record for most home runs in a single season by hitting his 60th home run in 1927. Roger Maris would later break this record in 1961 at Yankee Stadium on the final day of the season by hitting his 61st home run. In 1967, Mickey Mantle slugged his 500th career home run. Chris Chambliss won the 1976 ALCS by hitting a \"walk-off\" home run in which thousands of fans ran onto the field as Chambliss circled the bases. A year later, in the 1977 World Series, Reggie Jackson hit three home runs on three consecutive pitches in the championship-clinching Game 6. In 1983, the Pine Tar Incident involving George Brett occurred; Brett's go-ahead home run in the ninth inning of the game was overturned for his bat having too much pine tar, resulting in him furiously charging out of the dugout. In Game 1 of the 1996 ALCS, Derek Jeter hit a fly ball to right-field that was interfered with by fan Jeffrey Maier but ruled a home run. In Game 7 of the 2003 ALCS, Aaron Boone hit an extra-inning \"walk-off\" home run to send the Yankees to the World Series. The Red Sox would get revenge coming back from 3-0 and beating their rivals in Yankee Stadium the following year. On August 6, 2007, Alex Rodriguez hit his 500th home run against the Kansas City Royals at the Stadium. José Molina hit the ballpark's last home run in its final game on September 21, 2008.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 303711, 63665, 2162086, 4021090, 1219546, 59396, 30864585, 65468, 3515161, 218947, 928459, 410552, 576712, 1069627, 9206943, 2297637 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 242, 253 ], [ 380, 393 ], [ 429, 444 ], [ 453, 462 ], [ 595, 612 ], [ 614, 628 ], [ 729, 746 ], [ 757, 769 ], [ 963, 972 ], [ 974, 985 ], [ 1048, 1061 ], [ 1101, 1110 ], [ 1112, 1123 ], [ 1252, 1255 ], [ 1388, 1406 ], [ 1423, 1434 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2001, six weeks after the September 11 attacks, Yankee Stadium hosted an emotional three games in the World Series. For Game 3, President George W. Bush hurled the ceremonial first pitch, throwing a strike. In Game 4, Tino Martinez hit a game-tying home run off Arizona Diamondbacks closer Byung-hyun Kim with two outs in the ninth inning. Derek Jeter hit the winning \"walk-off\" home run in extra innings off Kim, earning himself the nickname \"Mr. November\". The following night in Game 5, the Yankees replicated their heroics from the previous night; Scott Brosius hit a game-tying home run off Kim with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning en route to a win.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 5058690, 3864, 3414021, 882800, 11502868, 1326249, 877552 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 49 ], [ 105, 117 ], [ 141, 155 ], [ 221, 234 ], [ 265, 285 ], [ 293, 307 ], [ 555, 568 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On July 11, 1939, Major League Baseball held its seventh All-Star Game at Yankee Stadium, in concert with the World's Fair being held at Flushing-Meadows in Queens. Yankees manager Joe McCarthy loaded his American League team with pinstripes: Bill Dickey (catcher), Joe DiMaggio (outfield), Joe Gordon (second base), Red Rolfe (third base), George Selkirk (outfield) and Red Ruffing (pitcher) were all in the starting lineup. Reserve players included Frank Crosetti (shortstop), Lou Gehrig (first base), Lefty Gomez (pitcher) and Johnny Murphy (pitcher). The American League won, 3–1, behind a home run by DiMaggio, in front of more than 62,000. This was the second All-Star Game held in New York; the Polo Grounds had hosted the event in 1934.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 12924057, 270784, 219288, 89050, 1189137, 597451, 48891, 584906, 2100592, 4302461, 814705, 1771135, 19381762, 598571, 2207445, 12280884 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 56 ], [ 57, 70 ], [ 110, 122 ], [ 137, 153 ], [ 181, 193 ], [ 243, 254 ], [ 266, 278 ], [ 291, 301 ], [ 317, 326 ], [ 341, 355 ], [ 371, 382 ], [ 451, 465 ], [ 479, 489 ], [ 504, 515 ], [ 530, 543 ], [ 739, 743 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "From 1959 to 1962, Major League Baseball held two All-Star Games each year. On July 13, 1960, Yankee Stadium hosted baseball's second All-Star Game in three days. The National League won both games. In the latter game, Whitey Ford was the starting pitcher. Yogi Berra (catcher), Mickey Mantle (outfield), Roger Maris (outfield) and Bill Skowron (first base) were in the starting lineup; Jim Coates (pitcher) and Elston Howard (catcher) were reserves. The National League won the Yankee Stadium game, 6–0, tying a record with four home runs, including one by hometown favorite Willie Mays. The 38,000 fans who attended the game also saw the Red Sox' Ted Williams in his final All-Star appearance.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 20257740, 437761, 43088, 303711, 532864, 8143887, 524402, 62512, 31496 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 127, 147 ], [ 219, 230 ], [ 257, 267 ], [ 305, 316 ], [ 332, 344 ], [ 387, 397 ], [ 412, 425 ], [ 576, 587 ], [ 649, 661 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Showcasing its new renovation, Yankee Stadium hosted the All-Star Game on July 19, 1977. With the Yankees defending their 1976 pennant, Billy Martin managed the American League team on his home field. The National League won its sixth consecutive All-Star Game, 7–5, in front of more than 56,000 fans; the senior circuit's streak would reach 11. Reggie Jackson (outfield) and Willie Randolph (second base) started for the American League; Sparky Lyle (pitcher), Thurman Munson (catcher) and Graig Nettles (third base) also made the team. Jim Palmer was the game's starting pitcher because Nolan Ryan refused to play when Martin asked him.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 12937355, 287341, 1195366, 629274, 352481, 1011320, 674847, 65459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 57, 70 ], [ 136, 148 ], [ 376, 391 ], [ 439, 450 ], [ 462, 476 ], [ 491, 504 ], [ 538, 548 ], [ 589, 599 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In honor of its final year of existence, in July 2008, Yankee Stadium hosted 2008 All-Star Game festivities. The Yankees were represented by Derek Jeter, Alex Rodriguez and Mariano Rivera. In the Home Run Derby, Josh Hamilton set a single-round record with 28 home runs in the first round. At one point, he hit 13 straight home runs, many of which landed in the stadium's upper deck and deep into the right field bleachers, spurring the crowd to chant his name. Minnesota Twins first baseman Justin Morneau won the competition defeating Hamilton in the final round. The following evening, the American League won the 2008 All-Star Game 4–3 in 15 innings. Michael Young hit the game winning sacrifice fly in the 15th inning off Brad Lidge. The game was the longest in All-Star Game history by time, lasting 4 hours and 50 minutes and tied for the longest in history by innings, tied with the 1967 All-Star Game and was played in front of 55,632 people. J. D. Drew was named game MVP going 2 for 4 with a home run and two RBIs.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 8684236, 218947, 212472, 341814, 17837800, 3215878, 20050, 1918652, 718119, 1101493, 18456493, 1084979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 77, 95 ], [ 141, 152 ], [ 154, 168 ], [ 173, 187 ], [ 196, 210 ], [ 212, 225 ], [ 462, 477 ], [ 492, 506 ], [ 655, 668 ], [ 727, 737 ], [ 891, 909 ], [ 952, 962 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yankee Stadium hosted its final baseball game on September 21, 2008. The ceremonies for the final game at Yankee Stadium began with the opening of Monument Park, as well as allowing Yankee fans to walk on the warning track around the field. Many former Yankee greats, including Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, Reggie Jackson, Bernie Williams, Paul O'Neill, Willie Randolph, Roy White and Chris Chambliss took their positions in the playing field as their names were announced by the legendary Bob Sheppard. Julia Ruth Stevens, daughter of Babe Ruth, threw out the ceremonial first pitch in the final game in \"The House That Ruth Built\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 43088, 437761, 59396, 486650, 417010, 1195366, 1726841, 2162086, 4173 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 278, 288 ], [ 290, 301 ], [ 303, 317 ], [ 319, 334 ], [ 336, 348 ], [ 350, 365 ], [ 367, 376 ], [ 381, 396 ], [ 500, 518 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "With Andy Pettitte as the starting pitcher, the Yankees played their final game at Yankee Stadium against the Baltimore Orioles, recording the final out at 11:43pm EDT in a 7–3 Yankee victory. Among many lasts to be recorded, a long-time standing question was answered. It was first wondered by Babe Ruth after he hit the first home run in Yankee Stadium on its opening day of April 18, 1923:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 636308, 14013236 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 18 ], [ 110, 127 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "That player turned out to be Yankees backup catcher José Molina, as he hit a go-ahead and eventual game-winning two-run home run in the fourth inning.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 2297637 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Other lasts were Jason Giambi recording the last hit in Yankee Stadium, driving in Brett Gardner, who scored the last run in Yankee Stadium. Mariano Rivera made the final pitch in the stadium with Cody Ransom recording the final out at first base. In the eighth inning, Derek Jeter became the final Yankee to bat in Yankee Stadium.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 820337, 9922598, 12946393 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 17, 29 ], [ 83, 96 ], [ 197, 208 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After the game was over, captain Derek Jeter delivered a speech on the field surrounded by his teammates. In the unplanned speech, Jeter thanked and saluted the fans:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Afterwards, the team circled the stadium on the warning track waving to fans and wishing the stadium goodbye.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Line score", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "From 1970 to 1987, the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) played its annual all-star game at various major league stadiums. The games were interleague contests between the CCBL and the Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League (ACBL). The 1970, 1973, 1976 and 1980 games were played at Yankee Stadium. The star of the 1973 contest was game MVP and future major league manager Jim Riggleman. The 1980 game starred future New York Mets all-star pitcher Ron Darling of Yale University. In the game, Darling singled, doubled and homered as the CCBL left fielder, then came on in the final inning to pitch in relief, preserving the CCBL's one-run victory.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 1213498, 6046664, 4591671, 1690431, 34273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 23, 47 ], [ 182, 217 ], [ 367, 380 ], [ 442, 453 ], [ 457, 472 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Yankee Stadium opened in 1923, the Polo Grounds continued to host boxing matches; however, Yankee Stadium was home to prizefighting beginning in its first few months. Benny Leonard retained the lightweight championship in a 15-round decision over Lew Tendler on July 24, 1923, in front of more than 58,000 fans. It was the first of 30 championship bouts to be held at the Stadium. (This excludes dozens of non-title fights.) The boxing ring was placed over second base; a vault contained electrical, telegraph and telephone connections. In July 1927, the aging former heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey came from behind to defeat heavily favored Jack Sharkey by delivering several questionable punches that were deemed illegal. Sharkey had similarly bad luck in a July 1930 heavyweight championship bout at Yankee Stadium, when his knockout punch to Max Schmeling was ruled illegal; Schmeling won by default. In July 1928, Gene Tunney upheld the heavyweight title against Tom Heeney at Yankee Stadium, and then retired as champion.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 146714, 256849, 256856 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 855, 868 ], [ 928, 939 ], [ 977, 987 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Perhaps the most famous boxing match ever held at Yankee Stadium was on June 22, 1938, when Joe Louis, an African-American, squared off against Schmeling, a German. Adolf Hitler followed the rematch carefully, imploring Schmeling to defeat Louis, whom Hitler publicly berated. This left some with what they perceived as a moral predicament: root for the black fighter, or for the Nazi. Schmeling had defeated Louis in 1936, but in defense of his title, Louis knocked out Schmeling in the first round. This was one of eight championship fights the \"Brown Bomber\" fought at Yankee Stadium.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 147863, 2731583 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 92, 101 ], [ 165, 177 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On July 1, 1939, Max Baer defeated Lou Nova at Yankee Stadium, in the first televised boxing match in the United States. The event was broadcast by television station W2XBS, forerunner of WNBC-TV. (The World Series was not televised until 1947.) On September 27, 1946, Tony Zale knocked out New York native Rocky Graziano for the middleweight crown; it was the first of three bouts between Zale and Graziano.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 29831, 1196887, 412127, 318606 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 76, 85 ], [ 188, 195 ], [ 269, 278 ], [ 307, 321 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On June 25, 1952, middleweight champion Sugar Ray Robinson sought his third title against light-heavyweight champ Joey Maxim at Yankee Stadium. More than 47,000 saw Robinson outfight Maxim but lose due to heat exhaustion in round 14 (due to the weather that topped ). The referee who declared Maxim the winner was the second that night; the first had left the fight due to heat exhaustion.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 146195 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 40, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On June 26, 1959, 5-1 Swedish underdog Ingemar Johansson defeated Floyd Patterson at the stadium by stoppage in the third round to become world heavyweight champion.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 515421, 161960 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 56 ], [ 66, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "After its 1970s renovation, Yankee Stadium hosted only one championship fight. On September 28, 1976, a declining Muhammad Ali defended his heavyweight crown against Ken Norton. To that point, Norton was one of only two boxers who had beaten Ali (in 1973); this was their third and final, meeting. Norton led for most of the fight, but Ali improved in the later rounds to win by unanimous decision.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 63747, 155524 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 114, 126 ], [ 166, 176 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first college football game played in Yankee Stadium was a 3-0 Syracuse victory over Pittsburgh on October 20, 1923. When an ill Ruth could not lead the Yankees to the World Series in 1925, college football took center stage at Yankee Stadium that fall. The fiercely competitive Notre Dame–Army game moved to Yankee Stadium, where it remained until 1947. In the 1928 game, with the score 0–0 at halftime, legendary Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne gave his \"win one for the Gipper\" speech (with reference to All-American halfback George Gipp, who died in 1920); Notre Dame went on to defeat Army, 12–6. The 1929 game between the two teams had the highest attendance in the series at 79,408. The 1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game at Yankee Stadium is regarded as one of the 20th century college football Games of the Century.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 6771, 7958192, 7958214, 1245667, 7590716, 17195, 650275, 15119640, 3550915 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 26 ], [ 67, 75 ], [ 89, 99 ], [ 283, 293 ], [ 294, 298 ], [ 436, 448 ], [ 531, 542 ], [ 696, 734 ], [ 809, 829 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Notre Dame played 24 games at Yankee Stadium, going 15–6–3. Army played 38, compiling a 17–17–4 record (including the best-attended game, on December 1, 1928, when Army lost to Stanford 26–0 before 86,000 fans). New York University played more games there than any other school, 96, using it as a secondary home field from 1923 to 1948, with a record of 52–40–4. Nearby Fordham University played 19 games there, going 13–5–1.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 26977, 7954455, 430029 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 177, 185 ], [ 212, 231 ], [ 370, 388 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Eight college football games were played at Yankee Stadium on Thanksgiving Day, the first seven by New York University. Perhaps, the most famous Thanksgiving Day game was the first. Oregon State Agricultural College (now Oregon State) was the first West Coast team to travel across the country and play an East Coast team. 8–1 NYU was a 3–1 favorite to beat 5–3 OSAC, but Oregon State upset the hometown favorites 25–13. Will Rogers lamented what the \"Oregon apple knockers\" had done to his \"city slickers\" in a column after the game. After the 1928 game, NYU beat Carnegie Tech (now Carnegie Mellon University) in 1931 and 1932, defeated Fordham in 1936, lost to Carnegie Tech in 1929 and lost to Fordham in 1934 and 1935. In the eighth game, in 1963, Syracuse beat Notre Dame, 14–7. This was a rematch following the teams' controversial 1961 game won by Notre Dame, 17–15.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 8304348, 7954455, 6362209, 48093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 62, 78 ], [ 99, 118 ], [ 221, 233 ], [ 584, 610 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Gotham Bowl was scheduled to premiere at Yankee Stadium in 1960, but was canceled when no opponent could be found for Oregon State University. The 1961 game was moved to the Polo Grounds, and when just 6,166 people came to Yankee Stadium for the 1962 game, in which the University of Nebraska defeated the University of Miami, 36–34, the Gotham Bowl was never played again. The Miami-Nebraska game remains the only college bowl ever played at the stadium.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 385572, 233155, 534386, 323058, 87011 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 15 ], [ 122, 145 ], [ 178, 190 ], [ 274, 296 ], [ 310, 329 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1969, Notre Dame and Army reprised their long series at the Stadium (1925–1946 except 1930) with one final game, which the Fighting Irish won, 45–0. It was the final game at the stadium for either team.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Starting in 1971, the Stadium hosted the Whitney M. Young Urban League Classic, a game between historically black colleges, often featuring Grambling State University of Louisiana, coached by Eddie Robinson, the first college coach to win 400 games. The Classic helped to spread the fame of Grambling and other similar schools. Yankee Stadium hosted its final Classic during the 1987 season, also the last time a football game was played there. Grambling lost to Central State University of Ohio, 37–21.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 906134, 401506, 363831, 988998, 18130, 1447560, 1755851 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 57 ], [ 58, 70 ], [ 95, 121 ], [ 140, 166 ], [ 170, 179 ], [ 192, 206 ], [ 463, 487 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Classic has been held at Giants Stadium and MetLife Stadium in New Jersey's Meadowlands Sports Complex ever since, though the Yankees remain a supporter of the event.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 321352, 5476983, 21648, 624915 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 43 ], [ 48, 63 ], [ 67, 77 ], [ 80, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1926, after negotiations failed with the fledgling NFL and the Chicago Bears, Red Grange and his agent C.C. Pyle formed the first American Football League and fielded a team called the New York Yankees based in Yankee Stadium. The league failed after only one year, but the team continued as a member of the NFL for two seasons before ceasing operations. A second New York Yankees football team, not related to the first, split its home games between Yankee Stadium and Downing Stadium as it competed in the second AFL in 1936 and 1937. A third AFL New York Yankees took the field in 1940 and became the New York Americans in 1941.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 6611, 605386, 11553617, 239756, 21878486, 1941340, 15805527, 15805376, 17144071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 79 ], [ 81, 91 ], [ 127, 157 ], [ 188, 204 ], [ 360, 383 ], [ 473, 488 ], [ 511, 521 ], [ 542, 551 ], [ 552, 568 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The New York Yankees of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) played their home games at Yankee Stadium from 1946 to 1949. The 1947 AAFC championship game was held at Yankee Stadium. Following the 1949 season, the NFL New York Bulldogs acquired many of the players from the 1949 Yankees. Using the name the New York Yanks they played two seasons at Yankee Stadium, 1950 and 1951.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 2314091, 73669, 2798639, 663984, 663984, 2810137, 2812657 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 20 ], [ 28, 59 ], [ 202, 213 ], [ 223, 240 ], [ 312, 326 ], [ 370, 374 ], [ 379, 383 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The New York Giants of the NFL played their home games at Yankee Stadium from 1956 to 1973. On December 28, 1958, Yankee Stadium hosted the 1958 NFL championship game, frequently called \"The Greatest Game Ever Played\". The Baltimore Colts tied the Giants, 17–17, on a field goal with seven seconds left. Led by quarterback Johnny Unitas, the Colts won in overtime, 23–17. The game's dramatic ending is often cited as elevating professional football to one of the United States' major sports. The game was one of three NFL championships games that were played at Yankee Stadium; the 1956 and 1962 championship games were also played there. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 21757, 21211, 2813364, 2454889, 3018442, 14984143, 16660856, 15644, 8636907, 7625906 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 19 ], [ 27, 30 ], [ 78, 82 ], [ 86, 90 ], [ 187, 216 ], [ 223, 238 ], [ 248, 254 ], [ 323, 336 ], [ 582, 586 ], [ 591, 595 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In addition to the NFL championship games, one of the most notable plays in NFL history, sometimes referred to simply as The Hit, occurred at Yankee Stadium on November 20, 1960. In a game that day, the Philadelphia Eagles' Chuck Bednarik forcefully tackled the Giants' Frank Gifford in the last minute of a close game, forcing a fumble recovered by the Eagles that clinched the victory for Philadelphia and ultimately helped the Eagles dethrone the two-time defending champion Giants as NFL Eastern Conference champions. The hit left Gifford with a concussion and forced his temporary retirement from football for the remainder of the 1960 season and all of the 1961 season.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 71152157, 16678519, 493658, 16660922, 445861, 2754491, 2754367 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 121, 128 ], [ 204, 223 ], [ 225, 239 ], [ 263, 269 ], [ 271, 284 ], [ 637, 648 ], [ 664, 675 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Giants played their first two home games at Yankee Stadium in 1973, concluding their tenancy on September 23 with a 23–23 tie against the Philadelphia Eagles. In October, they moved to the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut, for the rest of the season.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 2454889, 18908161, 771113, 53825 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 70 ], [ 142, 161 ], [ 193, 202 ], [ 206, 228 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1976, after the renovations, the New York Jets hosted 3 preseason games (Giants, Raiders, and Redskins) at Yankee Stadium. ", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 21721 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 36, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Celtic F.C. defeated New York Yankees in the first major soccer game to be played at the Stadium on June 28, 1931. In the coming three decades, a number of games between the Maccabbees - Jewish All-stars from Palestine and American all-stars were played. European club exhibitions first came in 1952, when on June 14, Liverpool drew 1–1 with Grasshopper Club Zürich. The next day, Tottenham Hotspur thrashed Manchester United 7–1, just a year after United had taken over for Spurs as champions of England. The following year, on June 8, the English national team defeated the U.S. national team 6–3, in a rematch of the Miracle on Grass match at the 1950 World Cup.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 69708, 14013141, 1114732, 18119, 1573615, 68198, 19961, 3548404, 9904, 582488, 2292109, 59893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 21, 37 ], [ 209, 218 ], [ 318, 327 ], [ 342, 365 ], [ 381, 398 ], [ 408, 425 ], [ 484, 504 ], [ 541, 562 ], [ 576, 594 ], [ 620, 636 ], [ 650, 664 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Major international clubs returned to the Stadium in 1966, with Pele's Santos of Brazil beating Inter Milan 4–1 on June 5. In 1967, C.A. Cerro of Uruguay played in the United Soccer Association during the summer months under the title \"New York Skyliners\". They played major games against Hibernian F.C. of Scotland, renamed \"Toronto City\", Cagliari F.C. of Italy, renamed \"Chicago Mustangs\" and Bangu Atlético Clube of Brazil, renamed \"Houston Stars\". During the same year, the stadium also became home to the New York Generals of the National Professional Soccer League. Upon the 1968 merger of the United Soccer Association and the National Professional Soccer League, a new league was created known as the North American Soccer League, where the Generals remained as the New York team. In 1968, in addition to league competition, the Generals took on Santos, winning 5–3 and Real Madrid, losing 4–1. That year, Santos also played and beat S.S.C. Napoli of Italy 4–2 at the Stadium, along with S.L. Benfica of Portugal, with whom they drew 3–3. The next year, four major international club games were played at the Stadium: Barcelona beat Juventus 3–2 on May 30, Inter Milan beat Sparta Prague 4–0 on June 27 and A.C. Milan defeated Panathinaikos 4–0 also on June 27. Finally, on June 29, Yankee Stadium hosted its own version of the Derby della Madonnina, with A.C. Milan defeating Inter 6–4. The latter three games that year were all part of a three-day \"United States Cup of Champions\".", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 24953, 187246, 15116, 4786447, 31843, 1727696, 6349799, 176747, 26994, 6349925, 1116811, 1954231, 1812289, 1736439, 1955768, 11238708, 237757, 26413, 1130620, 574076, 68187, 16415, 861331, 18940588, 1053145, 4749786 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 70 ], [ 71, 77 ], [ 96, 107 ], [ 132, 142 ], [ 146, 153 ], [ 168, 193 ], [ 236, 254 ], [ 289, 303 ], [ 307, 315 ], [ 326, 338 ], [ 341, 354 ], [ 374, 390 ], [ 396, 416 ], [ 437, 450 ], [ 511, 528 ], [ 536, 571 ], [ 710, 738 ], [ 879, 890 ], [ 943, 956 ], [ 997, 1009 ], [ 1127, 1136 ], [ 1142, 1150 ], [ 1183, 1196 ], [ 1216, 1226 ], [ 1236, 1249 ], [ 1337, 1358 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On September 15, 1968, the U.S. national soccer team played an international friendly against the Israel national team at the Stadium. It was the first game for the U.S. in 15 months and 10,118 saw Israel and the U.S. draw 3-3.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 582488, 977090, 769536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 52 ], [ 63, 85 ], [ 98, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1971 and 1976, the New York Cosmos of the NASL played their home games at Yankee Stadium. During the 1971 season, they also hosted Hearts from Scotland, and Apollon Kalamarias of Greece. In 1976 the team's star attraction was Pelé. The Brazil native, known as \"The King of Football\", was considered the best player in the world. Also that year, in Yankee Stadium's final international match on May 28, England defeated Italy 3–2 as part of the Bicentennial Cup Tournament. Finally, on August 10, 1976, the last soccer game was played at Yankee Stadium, with the Cosmos thrashing the Miami Toros 8–2. The Cosmos moved to Giants Stadium for the 1977 season.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 636670, 237757, 302212, 1784109, 24953, 9904, 362466, 14362276, 1954614, 321352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 37 ], [ 45, 49 ], [ 134, 140 ], [ 160, 178 ], [ 229, 233 ], [ 405, 412 ], [ 422, 427 ], [ 447, 474 ], [ 586, 597 ], [ 623, 637 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "National Hockey League (NHL) executives inquired about the possibility of using Yankee Stadium for an outdoor ice hockey match featuring the New York Rangers in the 2008–09 season after the successful reception of both the 2003 Heritage Classic and the 2008 NHL Winter Classic outdoor games. If approved, it would have been the final sporting event at the current stadium. The NHL, however, decided to hold the second Winter Classic in Chicago, at Wrigley Field. The new Yankee Stadium would end up hosting two outdoor NHL games in 2014.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 21809, 14790, 66881, 9273741, 375542, 13313717, 18463659, 40224, 39325556 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 28 ], [ 110, 120 ], [ 141, 157 ], [ 165, 179 ], [ 223, 244 ], [ 253, 276 ], [ 418, 432 ], [ 448, 461 ], [ 533, 537 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first concert ever held there was an ensemble R&B show on June 21, 1969, put together by the Isley Brothers; the first rock concert held at the stadium was on June 22, 1990, by Billy Joel. It was also the site of two dates of U2's Zoo TV Tour in 1992. During one song, Bono paid tribute to the show's setting with the line \"I dreamed I saw Joe DiMaggio/Dancing with Marilyn Monroe\". Pink Floyd also performed two sold-out shows at this venue on their final North American tour in 1994 in support of their album The Division Bell.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 26168, 6559211, 43927, 52780, 2247002, 76772, 48891, 19318, 5079506, 357820 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 53 ], [ 97, 111 ], [ 181, 191 ], [ 230, 232 ], [ 235, 246 ], [ 273, 277 ], [ 344, 356 ], [ 370, 384 ], [ 387, 397 ], [ 515, 532 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Beginning in 1950, the stadium began holding religious conventions of Jehovah's Witnesses. The 1958 New York International Convention of Jehovah's Witnesses attracted 253,922 people from all over the world, although many were at the nearby Polo Grounds, the Yankee Stadium total of 123,707 in a single day remains the biggest attendance ever for any event at Yankee Stadium and is commemorated by a historical marker in the sidewalk nearby. These conventions would continue on until the late 1980s. When room ran out in the stands, the ladies were asked to remove their heels, and people were brought in to sit in the outfield. There was also a makeshift camp nearby where the program was broadcast for hundreds others to listen to.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 52547, 52547 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 89 ], [ 137, 156 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On July 20, 1957, evangelist Billy Graham attracted a crowd of 100,000 to a televised \"crusade\" at Yankee Stadium. A New York Times article of the following day described the turnout as \"the largest crowd in stadium history\" to that time.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 690865, 664264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 41 ], [ 87, 94 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cardinal Francis Spellman (1957), Pope Paul VI (1965), Pope John Paul II (1969 as a cardinal, 1979 as pope) and Pope Benedict XVI (2008) all celebrated Mass at the ballpark, along with numerous clergy. On June 21, 1990, a rally was held at Yankee Stadium for Nelson Mandela upon his release from prison. On September 23, 2001, Yankee Stadium hosted a memorial service for victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 245240, 24028, 23805, 39660, 56371, 21492751, 5058690 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 9, 25 ], [ 34, 46 ], [ 55, 72 ], [ 112, 129 ], [ 152, 156 ], [ 259, 273 ], [ 387, 417 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On March 10, 2006, Yankee Stadium saw its only wedding at home plate. Blind sportswriter Ed Lucas, who has been a member of the Yankee family for over 40 years, got special permission from the Yankees, the City of New York and Major League Baseball to exchange vows with his fiancée, Allison Pfieffle, on the same spot where Lou Gehrig made his famous farewell speech, among the many notable events. Over 400 people, including present and former members of the Yankee family were in attendance to see the happy couple united, and the ceremony was broadcast on ESPN, the YES Network, NBC's Today Show and other national media outlets.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Stadium usage", "target_page_ids": [ 56323998, 77795, 21780, 226675 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 89, 97 ], [ 560, 564 ], [ 583, 586 ], [ 589, 599 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Yankee Stadium Facts, figures, photos and more", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Yankee Stadium Redevelopment Project", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Memories of the Old Yankee Stadium – slideshow by Life magazine", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 187479 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Panorama of Yankee Stadium from Gigapan", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Park that Ruth Built: the future of old Yankee Stadium, by Paul Goldberger, The New Yorker, August 10, 2009", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 31365 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 80, 94 ] ] } ]

[ "Yankee_Stadium_(1923)", "1923_establishments_in_New_York_City", "Sports_venues_completed_in_1923", "Sports_venues_demolished_in_2010", "American_Football_League_(1926)_venues", "American_Football_League_(1936)_venues", "Defunct_Major_League_Baseball_venues", "Defunct_National_Football_League_venues", "Defunct_soccer_venues_in_the_United_States", "Jewel_Box_parks", "New_York_Giants_stadiums", "New_York_Yankees_(NFL)", "New_York_Cosmos", "NYU_Violets_football", "Manhattan_Jaspers_football", "Defunct_NCAA_bowl_game_venues", "Sports_venues_in_the_Bronx", "American_football_venues_in_New_York_City", "Baseball_venues_in_New_York_City", "Defunct_boxing_venues_in_the_United_States", "Boxing_venues_in_New_York_City", "Defunct_college_football_venues", "Former_sports_venues_in_New_York_City", "Demolished_sports_venues_in_New_York_(state)", "Demolished_buildings_and_structures_in_the_Bronx", "American_Football_League_(1940)_venues", "Rebuilt_buildings_and_structures_in_the_United_States", "North_American_Soccer_League_(1968–1984)_stadiums", "2008_disestablishments_in_New_York_(state)", "Concourse,_Bronx" ]

[ "The House That Ruth Built", "Old Yankee Stadium", "Yankee Stadium (1923)" ]

[ { "plaintext": "The Cathedral of St. John the Divine (sometimes referred to as St. John's and also nicknamed St. John the Unfinished) is the cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of New York. It is at 1047 Amsterdam Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, between West 110th Street (also known as Cathedral Parkway) and West 113th Street.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 45883, 4227112, 1786675, 276154, 45470, 645042, 3220387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 125, 134 ], [ 142, 171 ], [ 187, 203 ], [ 211, 230 ], [ 247, 256 ], [ 260, 273 ], [ 288, 300 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral is an unfinished building, with only two-thirds of the proposed building completed, due to several major stylistic changes and work interruptions. The original design, in the Byzantine Revival and Romanesque Revival styles, began construction in 1892. After the opening of the crossing in 1909, the overall plan was changed to a Gothic Revival design. The completion of the nave was delayed until 1941 due to various funding shortfalls, and little progress has occurred since then, except for an addition to the tower at the nave's southwest corner. After a large fire damaged part of the cathedral in 2001, it was renovated and rededicated in 2008. The towers above the western elevation of the facade, as well as the southern transept and a proposed steeple above the crossing, have not been completed.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6368894, 1453013, 2027247, 5877125, 311821, 297040, 21482414, 775214 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 39 ], [ 189, 206 ], [ 211, 229 ], [ 291, 299 ], [ 343, 357 ], [ 388, 392 ], [ 693, 702 ], [ 742, 750 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Despite being incomplete, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine is the world's sixth-largest church by area and either the largest or second-largest Anglican cathedral. The floor area of St. John's is , spanning a length of , while the roof height of the nave is . Since the cathedral's interior is so large, it has been used for hundreds of events and art exhibitions. In addition, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine has been involved in various advocacy initiatives throughout its history.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 11488183 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 78, 106 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral close includes numerous buildings: the Leake & Watts Orphan Asylum Building, the cathedral proper, the St. Faith's House, the Choir School, the Deanery, and the Bishop's House. The buildings are designed in several different styles and were built over prolonged periods of construction, with the Leake & Watts Orphan Asylum predating the cathedral itself. The cathedral close was collectively designated an official city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2017.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 19523044, 5630446, 450751 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 19 ], [ 53, 66 ], [ 451, 498 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The neighborhood of Morningside Heights was thinly settled in the 17th century by the Dutch, then by the British. It remained rural through the mid-19th century, with two exceptions. The first was the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum, no longer extant, which opened on the site of the Columbia University campus near 116th Street in 1821. The other was Leake and Watts Orphan Asylum, bounded by 110th Street to the south and 113th Street to the north, which later became the current cathedral site. The Leake and Watts asylum was incorporated in 1831 under act of the New York State Legislature, and three years later, land at the corner of Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway) and 110th Street was purchased from the Bloomingdale Asylum. The initial plans for the asylum were drawn up by Ithiel Town, but were revised several times to keep the costs within the asylum's budget. The cornerstone of the asylum was laid in 1838, and it was completed in 1843.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 276154, 23527082, 6310, 5630446, 426458, 357126 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 20, 39 ], [ 201, 227 ], [ 279, 298 ], [ 347, 362 ], [ 562, 588 ], [ 780, 791 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Meanwhile, the Episcopal Diocese of New York started to grow in the early 19th century: there were 26 Episcopal parishes in the city by 1800, and a decade later, that number had nearly doubled to 50. In 1828, the first proposal for a grand cathedral for the diocese was made by Bishop John Henry Hobart, who proposed a site near Washington Square Park. The church would be called the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, or St. John's Cathedral for short, after the Revelation by John of Patmos (also called \"John the Divine\"). The plans were canceled because of objections over erecting such a large building for the diocese, a derivative of the Church of England, even as many New Yorkers still harbored resentment over the American Revolutionary War.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 4227112, 568095, 745249, 4379, 2023036, 5955, 771 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 15, 44 ], [ 285, 302 ], [ 329, 351 ], [ 459, 473 ], [ 477, 491 ], [ 644, 661 ], [ 723, 749 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1873, a cathedral board of trustees was established under Bishop Horatio Potter. The board decided on property just south of Central Park, bounded by 59th Street to the north and 57th Street to the south. However, the purchase was canceled after the would-be donors lost their savings in the Panic of 1873. Yet another plot of land, at Eighth Avenue and 74th Street, was offered to the church in 1882, but rejected due to the high cost of acquisition. By 1890, there were 40,000 Episcopalians in Manhattan, and Episcopalians made up the largest bloc of Protestants in the borough. Furthermore, many imposing institutions were being built in New York City, such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Carnegie Hall, Metropolitan Opera House, and the American Museum of Natural History.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 4187283, 37536, 6875163, 7453238, 184959, 1780953, 37535, 169321, 23380987, 399990 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 68, 82 ], [ 128, 140 ], [ 153, 164 ], [ 182, 193 ], [ 295, 308 ], [ 339, 352 ], [ 671, 697 ], [ 699, 712 ], [ 714, 738 ], [ 748, 782 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When Henry C. Potter, Horatio Potter's nephew, became the Diocese of New York's assistant bishop in 1883, he convened the trustees to look for an alternate site. On June 1, 1887, Henry Potter publicly announced his intention to build St. John's, though the exact location was still to be determined. Potter described the planned cathedral as an \"American Westminster Abbey\" that would rival the Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral in Midtown Manhattan. In his announcement, Potter called on New Yorkers to give funds toward the new cathedral, which was expected to cost $10million. The plans for the cathedral were well received by both Protestants and non-Protestants, as well as the media and other denominational leaders. The donors included the wealthy Astor, Vanderbilt, and Belmont families. Additionally, the Barberini family's tapestries were gifted to the cathedral in 1891.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1790526, 245236, 302201, 537471, 330862, 1729153 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 20 ], [ 404, 427 ], [ 431, 448 ], [ 754, 759 ], [ 761, 771 ], [ 813, 829 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Numerous sites in Manhattan were examined for the new cathedral's location, and by 1889, the Leake and Watts Asylum between 110th and 113th Streets had been chosen as the site for the future site of St. John's. News media such as The New York Times and Uptown Visitor praised the decision, as the site was located on a high point overlooking Central and Morningside Parks. The committee had wanted to build slightly further north, on a more elevated plot between 116th Street to the south and 119th Street to the north. However, that plot would be too difficult to acquire, as ownership of that tract was divided among several entities; by contrast, the Leake and Watts Asylum had full control over their entire city block. The asylum site was deeded to the cathedral in October 1891, and the asylum moved to Westchester County, New York. The asylum site was then acquired for $850,000. At the time, Morningside Heights was quickly being developed as a residential neighborhood surrounded by numerous higher-education institutions. The proposed cathedral's elevated location would have been visible from New Jersey, across the Hudson River to the west, as well as from the New York Bay to the south.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 30680, 875984, 7478983, 48367, 21648, 47911, 413144 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 230, 248 ], [ 354, 371 ], [ 463, 475 ], [ 810, 838 ], [ 1105, 1115 ], [ 1128, 1140 ], [ 1174, 1186 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Simultaneously, there was also debate over the new cathedral's style; because of the larger plot and more remote location from Midtown Manhattan it was expected to be more elaborate than St. Patrick's. The trustees had formed a Committee on Architecture in conjunction with William Robert Ware, a Columbia architecture professor, which held a design competition for St. John that involved several prominent architectural firms. Though everyone was free to enter the competition, fourteen firms and architects were paid $500 each to create designs for the cathedral. The deadline for each plan was January 1889.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1965241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 274, 293 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "That May, the board of trustees formed a committee to review the more than 60 designs that had been submitted. Many of the competitors were American, though only four were experienced in cathedral construction. The board members then discussed the designs privately; some architects expressed concerns about the secret consultations, since the trustees generally did not have knowledge of architectural design. The competition was narrowed down to four finalists. Namely, these were \"Gerona\" by William A. Potter and R. H. Robertson; \"Three Arabesque Scrolls within a Circle\" by George L. Heins and Christopher Grant LaFarge with William Winthrop Kent; \"AMDG\" by George M. Huss and J. H. Buck; and \"Jerusalem the Golden\" by William Halsey Wood. \"Gerona\" used the Gothic style based on Spanish cathedrals; \"AMDG\" and \"Jerusalem the Golden\" were in a regular Gothic style, and \"Three Arabesque Scrolls\" was mainly Byzantine.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 2713114, 20018694, 54044, 307469 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 579, 624 ], [ 724, 743 ], [ 763, 769 ], [ 912, 921 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Potter and Robertson were the only one of the four finalists who had significant experience at the time, and the trustees had agreed not to release any designs without the consent of all competitors, although some contestants broke the agreement anyway by revealing their designs to the media. The finalists were given more than a year to refine the details of their plans: the original deadline was set for February 1890, but was later extended to November after a failed proposal to host the World's Columbian Exposition in Morningside Park. The submissions were placed in public view in April 1891. By then, the public was losing interest in the competition, and the finalist designs mainly received negative criticism.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 41960 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 494, 522 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In July 1891, the plan-selection committee chose Heins & LaFarge's plan as the winning proposal. The design had been the trustees' second choice; although the trustees liked Potter and Robertson's plan more, W. A. Potter was the bishop's half-brother and the trustees did not want to be accused of nepotism. To Kent's consternation, he was initially not recognized as a co-collaborator, and would not be acknowledged as such until the following year. The group's blueprints called for chapels and end sections with apses; a crossing containing four round arches as well as a dome topped by a massive tower; and transepts with round edges. The interior was based upon Boston's Trinity Church, and the crossing was based upon Istanbul's Hagia Sophia, Venice's St. Mark's Basilica, and the Périgueux Cathedral. The \"exotic\" design was seen as an example of the unusual architecture that was prevalent at that time. It was also Heins & LaFarge's first major commission: the firm later designed structures such as the Astor Court buildings at the Bronx Zoo, as well as the early stations of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, the first operator of the present-day New York City Subway.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 474695, 5877125, 775214, 1115636, 42764, 211329, 13186566, 92359, 92359, 10257060, 461698, 285510 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 515, 519 ], [ 524, 532 ], [ 611, 619 ], [ 676, 690 ], [ 735, 747 ], [ 758, 777 ], [ 787, 806 ], [ 1013, 1024 ], [ 1042, 1051 ], [ 1068, 1082 ], [ 1090, 1124 ], [ 1164, 1184 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "That October, the trustees directed the firm to revise their design further. The following month, it was announced that work would begin in early 1892, provided that Heins & LaFarge submitted their revised plans that April. The original plans were then substantially revised because the board of trustees wanted a Gothic-style appearance. The western towers were modified to remove the spires and enlarge the windows, and various Gothic details were placed on the facade. The nave was realigned from north–south to east–west so that the apse would face east, in the direction of the sunrise, to represent the resurrection of Jesus as per Episcopal tradition. Heins & LaFarge objected to the realignment because it would result in the cathedral being hidden behind other buildings. In the final plan, \"Three Arabesque Scrolls\" incorporated both Byzantine and Romanesque influences, with Gothic detailing on the exterior. Outwardly, the design resembled the AMDG plan from Huss & Buck. By April 1892, the trustees had raised much of the $850,000 required for land acquisition, though there still remained a deficit of $175,000.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 474695, 26414, 52686 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 537, 541 ], [ 609, 630 ], [ 858, 868 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Construction on the Cathedral of St. John the Divine was begun with the cornerstone-laying ceremony on December 27, 1892, St. John's Day. One thousand tickets for seats at the ceremony were distributed, though the actual attendance was 1,100. The cornerstone contained various objects such as a Bible and church papers. Potter hit the stone three times with a mallet and said \"Other foundation can no man lay, than that is laid which is Jesus Christ.\" The following month, the remaining $175,000 for land acquisition had been secured, and the trustees moved to take title to the land, including the cathedral close around the cathedral's main building, in April. Unlike the main building, the cathedral close was not designed under a single master plan, and during the 1890s and 1900s, several proposals would be made for the site.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 452955, 19523044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 83 ], [ 599, 614 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Actual work on St. John's began in early 1893. The trustees initially expected that work would proceed quickly because much of the Morningside Heights plateau was made of shallow bedrock. However, in September 1893, builders unexpectedly hit pockets of soft shale and an underground spring at several locations about below ground. One of these pockets was located directly below the site for one of the four piers that were to support the cathedral's massive stone tower. The trustees briefly considered moving the entire cathedral slightly southward. They ultimately decided against moving the cathedral, believing it to be inauspicious if the cornerstone were to be moved. Instead, builders drilled several deep shafts until they hit the bedrock, then poured concrete pits within each shaft. The pits would then accommodate the construction of the tower's piers. The pits were completed in late 1895 at a significantly higher cost than originally estimated.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 657224, 44211, 2666137 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 179, 186 ], [ 258, 263 ], [ 409, 414 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By 1898, St. John's had cost an estimated $750,000, and as per an 1896 estimate, the cathedral was projected to cost at least $5million when complete. As a temporary measure, the Tiffany Chapel was purchased in mid-1898 so that services could be held there. The chapel was placed in the crypt, within the basement. The first services were held in January 1899 within the Tiffany Chapel. The crossing arches, located in the cathedral plot's eastern portion, were completed the following year, though three of the arches were temporarily sealed off until the transepts and nave could be completed. By then, some $2million had already been spent, even though little appeared to have been completed. Despite large donations from prominent figures such as financiers John Jacob Astor IV and William Waldorf Astor, governor Levi P. Morton, banker J. P. Morgan, and businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt, the trustees continued to raise funds.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 30498900, 211786, 299809, 537570, 89182, 181579, 165599 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 179, 193 ], [ 287, 292 ], [ 762, 781 ], [ 786, 807 ], [ 818, 832 ], [ 841, 853 ], [ 871, 891 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In March 1903, the trustees announced that the next stage of St. John's construction would require $500,000 for building the choir and $200,000 for completing the loft, and that eight massive granite columns would need to be procured to support the roof over the choir. Furthermore, the trustees would build three arches to support the rest of the roof. The choir columns, sourced from Vinalhaven, Maine, were each tall with a diameter. At the time, they were the world's second-largest stone columns, but because of their size, three of the columns were cracked while being turned. The columns were then transported using a specially constructed barge towed by the large steam tug Clara Clarita. When the columns arrived at Manhattan in July and August 1903, they were rolled onto flatbed trucks and brought to the cathedral's site. Since the builders did not have a derrick that was strong enough to lift the column pieces, they placed another order for wood to build a strong-enough derrick. The columns were finally lifted in July 1904, more than a year after the initial announcement. The walls could not be placed until after the columns had been installed. Work also began in 1903 on the crossing ceiling, which was to contain \"Guastavino tiles\" designed by Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 13088, 116047, 1860095, 216434, 31494573, 1183070, 1584291, 2296140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 192, 199 ], [ 386, 403 ], [ 577, 583 ], [ 674, 683 ], [ 684, 697 ], [ 870, 877 ], [ 1237, 1252 ], [ 1285, 1302 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The board of trustees implemented a new charter in early 1904, which provided for greater representation of laypeople on the board. By 1905, with $800,000 available for construction, the trustees anticipated that the cathedral would be completed within a decade. The church's great organ was ordered the following year at a cost of $50,000, following a gift by the Morton family. Work also continued on the exterior walls of the choir and the seven surrounding chapels in the apse, which required of granite. Builders estimated that of stone would have been used for the walls once work was completed. Gutzon Borglum was commissioned for some of the initial sculptural elements on St. John's, though his relation with the trustees was strained: he destroyed two angels after criticism of his work and threatened to quit in 1906. Because of the delays in construction, members of the public began to question the necessity of constructing such a large cathedral. With little progress to show for, public sentiment began to turn against the cathedral. Even the trustees started to have doubts about certain aspects of the plan, criticizing Heins & LaFarge's small staff, their simultaneous involvement in many other projects, slow construction, and cost overruns.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 474695, 361180 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 476, 480 ], [ 604, 618 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Although Heins died in 1907, LaFarge continued to design the crossing, choir, and apse of St. John's. By then, the architectural preferences of the public were shifting away from the original design. Additionally, communication between LaFarge and the trustees were deteriorating, with several trustees calling for LaFarge's removal. The choir was covered in 1908, and the crossing was installed the next year. The choir was nearly complete by October 1909, but there were insufficient funds to complete its construction, delaying its opening by at least six months. At that time, St. John's was earning about $24,000 per year and had a $500,000 endowment, while at least $1million was needed to complete construction. In March 1911, trustees finally confirmed an opening date of April 19, 1911. The first service in the choir and crossing, the consecration of the choir, occurred as scheduled on that day. The completed portions of the cathedral were widely praised, though few newspapers devoted extensive coverage to the event, except the New York Herald.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1185902, 222811 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 845, 857 ], [ 1042, 1057 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A month after the choir's consecration, the trustees suddenly fired LaFarge, commissioning Ralph Adams Cram to take LaFarge's place as lead architect of St. John's. The trustees had exercised a clause in their contract with Heins & LaFarge, enabling them to hire another architect if either partner were to die. LaFarge was not made aware of the matter beforehand, and was only notified via a cable sent by his partner Benjamin Wistar Morris. The original Byzantine-Romanesque design was changed to a Gothic design, and Cram was asked to convert many existing features to Gothic style. The move was criticized in the local media, who claimed that the trustees and Cram had been conspiring to eject LaFarge from the lead architect position. However, The New York Sun reported that Cram had only reluctantly accepted the commission because the trustees had threatened to hire a foreign architect otherwise.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 228823, 32221445, 54044 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 91, 107 ], [ 419, 441 ], [ 501, 507 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Cram presented a master plan for the cathedral close's buildings in October 1911, and his revised designs for the main structure were completed in 1913. Regardless, there was still not enough money to complete the cathedral's construction, as the New York Episcopal Diocese Cathedral League had mentioned in 1912 that $5.5million was still needed. The diocese was able to construct several structures to the south of the main building (see ), as part of a plan that had been approved by the trustees in late 1911. These structures included the St. Faith's House (1909), Synod House (1911–1913), Cathedral School (1912–1913), and Cathedral House (1912–1914). ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "By January 1916, Bishop David H. Greer announced that the diocese would construct St. John's nave and narthex, along with a pair of towers on the western elevation of the facade above the narthex. The project would cost $1.5million, even though St, John's only had about $200,000 on hand as of June 1915. A groundbreaking ceremony for the nave was held on May 8, 1916. That November, construction stopped due to material and funding shortages during World War I, and the trustees had decided against raising funds until after the war. Cram edited his plans in the interim. In February 1919, the trustees approved Cram's revised plan to incorporate a memorial for soldiers. The new plans required $5–6million, but would make St. John's the third- or fourth-largest worldwide. The cathedral did not yet have the money to build the nave, and furthermore, in 1920 the trustees decided not to hold fundraising drives for said purpose. Because of an unstable economy, work did not resume for another four years, though both Greer and Bishop Charles Sumner Burch supported the project.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 8655969, 297082, 21482414, 4764461, 11488183, 8657669 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 24, 38 ], [ 102, 109 ], [ 154, 163 ], [ 450, 461 ], [ 739, 773 ], [ 1035, 1055 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1923, Burch's successor William T. Manning announced a $15million capital campaign to raise money for this project. The New York campaign committee, headed by then-governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, campaigned from 1923 to 1925 to raise $6million (). By May 1924, Manning announced that $2.5million had been donated within the previous three months, and that work on the nave would soon begin if that rate of donation were to continue. St. John's was seeking price estimates for the nave's construction by that November, and the baptistery was donated the same year. Some $7.7million had been raised by February 1925, and the laying of the nave's cornerstone occurred on November 9, 1925. Manning wanted the cathedral to be an interdenominational place of worship, but was still reluctant to add other denominations' members to the board of trustees. Notably, Manning rejected a request from John D. Rockefeller Jr., a Baptist, despite the latter's $500,000 donation toward the cathedral's building fund.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 7967217, 10979, 1085111, 299978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 27, 45 ], [ 176, 197 ], [ 529, 539 ], [ 892, 915 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In January 1927, Manning announced that the trustees had approved Cram's proposal for a square tower above the crossing; the tower would replace the dome, which did not conform to the Gothic style. With sides of , the tower would be half as wide as the arches below it. Cram's blueprint revisions, published in 1929, entailed building the square tower over the crossing, and adding two portals to the western elevation. Additionally, St. John's northern transept began construction in December 1927. Since the funds for that transept were donated solely by women, it was called the Women's Transept. Work on the Women's Transept was halted in October 1930 due to a lack of funds. Construction at St. John's was otherwise unaffected by the Great Depression. During this duration, work was concentrated mainly on the western elevation.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 19283335 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 740, 756 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When construction of the Women's Transept resumed in 1934, the nave and the western elevation were nearly complete except for the two towers above the western facade, but work on the crossing tower and south transept had yet to commence. By 1938, the nave was completed, but the temporary construction wall between the nave and crossing was still in place because the Byzantine-Romanesque crossing's design had yet to be harmonized with the Gothic nave. As such, Cram subsequently replaced the portions of the ceiling above the choir and the apse's eastern section. Additionally, the nave started to be used for services, even though it had not yet been dedicated. The 1939 WPA Guide to New York City stated that $20million had been spent on the cathedral by then.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 18564009 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 674, 700 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The full length of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine was opened for the first time on November 30, 1941. At that time, St. John's was only three-fifths completed, yet it was the second-largest Christian church in the world by area, behind only St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. The event was commemorated with a week-long celebration. The last day of the celebrations, Sunday December 7, 1941, coincided with the Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. With the consequent entry of the United States into World War II, work on the cathedral stopped. The southern transept and tower had yet to start, while the northern transept remained one-third complete. The western towers, planned to be , reached only to the roof of the nave. Cram revised his plans yet again just before his 1942 death, this time with shorter western towers and a slim spire in place of the square tower over the crossing.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 73188, 60098, 13869376 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 248, 268 ], [ 440, 452 ], [ 476, 520 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Following the end of World War II, St. John's did not experience any more new construction for three decades. In 1945, Manning had attempted to start a fundraising drive for $10million so that the remaining funds could be raised for the cathedral's completion. However, during the late 1940s, his successor Bishop Charles Kendall Gilbert turned efforts toward alleviating social issues in the vicinity of the cathedral. Rather than being focused on expansion, the cathedral became more involved in the surrounding community. By that time, a total of $19million had been spent on construction (equivalent to $ million in ). By the 1950s, there was debate over whether to complete St. John's in the Gothic fashion of the nave; a more contemporary style; or the original Byzantine/Romanesque style. Several plans were proposed through the early 1960s, but none were examined in depth.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 50308168 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 314, 337 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 1966, it was announced that work at St. John's would resume. The trustees had approved a smaller version of the western towers and the crossing, with a modern multicolored dome to be built atop the crossing. The project did not proceed, as Bishop Horace W. B. Donegan said that such work would not occur during his administration; rather, he wanted the construction money to instead go toward helping the poor. In the 1970s, the cathedral's activities turned toward improving quality of life in Morningside Heights; helping the elderly, young, and the environment; and participating in the civil rights movement and the opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War. However, when the Very Reverend James Parks Morton was installed as St. John's dean in 1973, he said that construction at St. John's would start again. Morton said he wanted St. John's to become \"a holy place for the whole city\". St. John's had become overcrowded because of its increasing focus on community activities, and even though the cathedral was losing $500,000 each year, Morton believed that an expansion would help make space for these extra activities.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 15339937, 49001, 1854610, 33475129 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 250, 270 ], [ 593, 614 ], [ 623, 681 ], [ 715, 733 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Morton announced in December 1978 that construction would soon begin on constructing the two western towers, extending their height by and bringing their total height to . The job was expected to cost $20million and take five years. However, by then, there was a shortage of qualified stone carvers in the area. James R. Bambridge, who was hired as the stonemason, planned to employ unskilled younger workers from the surrounding community. Bambridge hired Nicholas G. Fairplay, an English stonemason, as master carver. The architect was Hoyle, Doran and Berry, the successor to Cram's architecture firm. The expansions would be based primarily on Cram's revised designs, published before his death. The north transept would be completed, but would remain separate from the main building.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Work on the western facade's towers was restarted with the opening of St. John's stone yard, the Cathedral Stoneworks, which received its first several Indiana limestone blocks in June 1979. Construction started first on the south tower, named for Saint Paul, which began to rise in 1982. However, the project continued to be delayed due to a shortage of funds, and due to slow development of the towers' designs. Work also progressed slowly because the stonemasons were carving a myriad of minute details on the south tower. By 1984, St. John's was projected to be complete in 2000. Under the leadership of master stone carvers Nicholas Fairplay, Simon Verity, and Jean Claude Marchionni, work on the statuary of the central portal of the cathedral's western elevation was started in 1988 and completed in 1997. During this era, the cathedral expanded its cultural programming, hosting some 140 shows and performances in the 1987–1988 season, some of which drew up to 3,000 observers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 24140, 27951544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 248, 258 ], [ 648, 660 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "By 1992, the construction budget had been depleted; work was halted, and the stone yard was closed. By then, another of height had been added to the south tower. While some of the scaffolding was removed, other portions remained, rusting away for fifteen years. The Very Reverend Harry H. Pritchett Jr., who succeeded Morton in 1997, decided against further expansion of St. John's, especially since the existing facilities needed $20–40million in repairs.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On December 18, 2001, a fire swept through the unfinished north transept, destroying the gift shop and damaging tapestries. Despite the damage sustained, St. John's reopened two weeks later. Though the pipe organ was not damaged, all its pipes and other component parts were removed and restored. Valuable tapestries and other items in the cathedral were damaged by the smoke. In January 2005, the cathedral began a major restoration to not only remove smoke damage resulting from the 2001 fire, but also clean the 80 years of dirt accumulation in the nave. The renovations temporarily depleted St. John's funds: the unaffected portions of the cathedral started to deteriorate, staff salary raises were deferred, and several staff positions were eliminated. The scaffolding around the south tower was removed in 2007, and the cathedral was rededicated on November 30, 2008.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 149996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 202, 212 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral's main building was made a city landmark in June 2003, but the designation was overturned that October, since it did not cover the entire cathedral close. At the same time, St. John's officials wanted to lease out the lots at the northern and southern borders of the cathedral close for further development, a move that preservationists unsuccessfully attempted to prevent. Ultimately, two residential buildings were erected on these lots: Avalon Morningside Park on the southern lot and the Enclave on the northern lot. In 2017, the cathedral close was re-designated a city landmark, except for the two new residential buildings. The next year, the first phase of the north transept's renovation was finally completed, and work began on a renovation of the crypt.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 19522714 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 454, 477 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On April 14, 2019, a small fire occurred in the crypt; except for smoke damage, the cathedral building was mostly unaffected. Many artworks stored in the crypt were reportedly damaged or destroyed in the fire. An initial cleaning removed smoke damage from the bottom 10 feet of the interior of the cathedral. A cleaning of the rest of the interior was also ongoing. Also in 2019, Ennead Architects proposed erecting a copper dome above the crossing so that the crossing's tiles could be rehabilitated. On December 13, 2020, following the end of a choir performance outside the cathedral, a man fired guns at the crowd and was fatally shot by police; nobody else was injured.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 8995601 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 380, 397 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is located at 1047 Amsterdam Avenue in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, between West 110th Street (also known as Cathedral Parkway) to the south and 113th Street to the north. The cathedral's main entrance on the west is along the same axis as 112th Street. Adjacent sites include Mount Sinai Morningside (formerly St. Luke's Hospital) to the north, Columbia University's Morningside Heights campus to the north and west, and Morningside Park to the east. One of the key reasons for St. John's location is that the land under it was described as the \"highest point in Manhattan\". One author wrote that \"the view from outside tells much about St. John's inner spirit\", saying that the southeastern elevation of the facade gives an impression of incompleteness, while the great western elevation was \"vitalized by its incipience\".", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 1786675, 276154, 3220387, 6176175, 6310, 875984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 72 ], [ 76, 106 ], [ 116, 133 ], [ 317, 340 ], [ 386, 405 ], [ 462, 478 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "St. John's is oriented west–east relative to the street grid and was originally supposed to have a cruciform plan, with transepts extending to the north and south of the crossing near the eastern end of the cathedral. The entire structure measures long. From west to east, the cathedral contains a narthex measuring long by wide; a nave of ; a crossing of ; a choir of ; and the Chapel of St. Savior in the apse, measuring with an ambulatory wide. The cathedral's western elevation is wide; if the transepts had been completed, they would have measured from end to end. The cathedral has an interior floor area of and can host 8,600 people. , these dimensions make St. John's the sixth-largest Christian cathedral in the world, and puts it in competition with Liverpool Cathedral as being the world's largest Anglican cathedral.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 1009272, 775214, 1325388, 1582353 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 99, 108 ], [ 120, 128 ], [ 435, 445 ], [ 768, 787 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The original design for the cathedral was created by Heins & LaFarge. Despite being primarily Byzantine and Romanesque in influence, the last version of Heins & LaFarge's design contained a significantly Gothic-style appearance. The original plan at St. John's called for tiled-arch domes and barrel vaults. The crossing was to be held up by four round arches under a dome, with a tower on top. The completed cathedral was supposed to have been long and wide between transepts, while the tower would have been tall.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 2713114, 307469, 52686, 618699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 53, 68 ], [ 94, 103 ], [ 108, 118 ], [ 293, 305 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The modern plan for the building, as it appeared upon its official opening in 1941, conforms primarily to the second design campaign from the prolific Gothic Revival architect Ralph Adams Cram. The plans are based on the French Gothic style, with English Gothic accents. Cram had initially wanted to use English Gothic models, which typically placed less emphasis on vertical elements and height, and which contrasted with the extant parts of the cathedral. Cram's plan originally called for three main entrances; two spires set back from the western facade; two smaller spires on the western facade. Inside were ten full-height aisles, with a triforium and clerestory rising to the ceiling, as well as large chapels along each side of the nave. The design provides a transition between the nave and the crossing, because the nave was to be wide, about half the width of the crossing. Cram, described as a \"brilliant perfectionist\", frequently revised his proposal and later spoke of Heins & LaFarge's plans as better than his own. One major change, published in 1926, called for a , square tower above the crossing and five portals on the western elevation. Another revision was published just before he died in 1942, and called for a spire above the crossing. Cram's designs were not fully built, either. The Cathedral of St. John the Divine remains only two-thirds complete and is often nicknamed St. John the Unfinished.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 311821, 228823, 428370, 430411 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 151, 165 ], [ 176, 192 ], [ 645, 654 ], [ 659, 669 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The narthex, in the westernmost portion of the cathedral facing Amsterdam Avenue, was designed by Cram. His original plans did not include a narthex, instead showing the nave continuing as far as the western facade. Inside the narthex is a large vestibule, which serves as an entrance to the nave on the east. The vestibule measures along the north–south axis and along the west–east axis. The southern part of the narthex contains the cathedral's gift shop.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Above the narthex are two towers: one named for Saint Peter to the north and the other named for Saint Paul to the south. The north tower reaches to the roof of the nave, which is above ground level; the south tower is about taller, with the additional height having been built between 1982 and 1992. If the towers had been completed, they would have been about tall. The towers protrude slightly from the northern and southern elevations of the facade but are flush with the western elevation. On the northern and southern facades of the narthex, at the base of the towers, are stained glass windows, one on each side.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 31665644, 24140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 59 ], [ 97, 107 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The narthex abuts the unfinished western elevation of the facade facing Amsterdam Avenue; this facade is wide and consists of five architectural bays. The bays are separated by large arched buttresses with finials at their tops, and they contain niches for the possible future installation of statues. The western elevation is divided into four vertical tiers. From bottom to top, they are the ground-level portals, on the first tier; the gallery level, on the second tier; the large rose window and several smaller grisaille and lancet windows, on the third tier; and the top of the south tower and the gable above the center bay, on the fourth tier.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 2933470, 663464, 864921, 26741731, 826552, 738235, 7601615, 807687 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 146, 150 ], [ 191, 199 ], [ 207, 213 ], [ 440, 447 ], [ 485, 496 ], [ 517, 526 ], [ 531, 544 ], [ 605, 610 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "At ground level, there are five portals under arched openings. The largest of those is the center portal, called the Portal of Paradise, which contains carvings of the transfiguration of Jesus as well as St. John and 32 biblical characters; these were carved in 1988 under Simon Verity's leadership. St. John is depicted on the trumeau, or vertical pier, between the two pairs of doors within the center portal. The center portal also contains depictions of New York City skyscrapers being destroyed in an apocalypse. The center, northernmost, and southernmost portals are set within large, gabled structures with several archivolts, or arched moldings, surrounding each portal under the gables; porches overhang the portals above the gables. The other two portals are located under simple rectangular canopy structures, located underneath grisaille windows looking into the nave. Lights salvaged from the former Pennsylvania Station illuminate the steps in front of the portals.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 303916, 35100896, 714064, 40019756 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 168, 192 ], [ 328, 335 ], [ 622, 631 ], [ 913, 933 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Above the center portal, between the towers, is a rose window installed by stained glass artist Charles Connick and constructed out of 10,000 pieces of glass. With a diameter of , the rose window is the largest rose window in the U.S. Flanking the rose window on either side are two grisaille windows, each with two lancet windows under a smaller rose. The seven archangels are depicted in the north grisaille, while the seven churches of Asia are depicted in the south grisaille. Connick had designed the grisailles as well. On the gable above the large rose window, there are lancets as well as a medallion in the middle.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 25061822, 161014, 242451 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 96, 111 ], [ 363, 372 ], [ 421, 443 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The two pairs of great west doors on the western elevation, set beneath the elaborate center portal, were designed between 1927 and 1931 by the designer Henry Wilson. The bronze doors include a sequence of 60 relief panels, which presents scenes from the Old and New Testaments and the Apocalypse. The doors open three times per year: Easter; St. Francis's feast day in October; and the \"blessing of the bicycles\" in the spring. They comprise one of four bronze-door commissions designed by Wilson before his death. St. John's great west doors were the last of the four commissions, each pair measuring some . The remaining doors on the western elevation are composed of Burmese teak with wrought iron decoration.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 20609455, 9325, 11638, 303469, 99603 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 153, 165 ], [ 335, 341 ], [ 343, 354 ], [ 679, 683 ], [ 689, 701 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The nave was designed by Cram, though the final plan is slightly modified from the original. It is oriented from west to east, measuring long by wide. The ceiling is above ground level, but the ridge of the roof is high. These dimensions are about the same as in the original plans, which called for floor dimensions of . a roof, and a ceiling.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "On the northern and southern elevations, there are four vertical \"double bays\", each with two columns of windows. Large arched buttresses, with two piers each, separate the different double bays; smaller buttresses, containing a single pier, divide each double bay into smaller \"sub-bays\". This alternation of large and small buttresses gives the appearance of four double bays with two sub-bays each, rather than eight singular rectangular bays. At the arcade level, each of the sub-bays contains an arrangement of stained glass with two lancet windows under a rose window. The sub-bays also contain another stained-glass arrangement at clerestory level, each with two lancet windows and one rose window. The clerestory arrangements each measure long by wide. Carved parapets, as well as gables with dormers, run along the copper roof.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 2666137, 237122, 7601615, 826552, 430411, 354988, 399169 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 148, 153 ], [ 454, 460 ], [ 539, 552 ], [ 562, 573 ], [ 638, 648 ], [ 770, 777 ], [ 803, 809 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Inside, there are six north–south rows of piers, three to either side of the nave. These piers divide the nave into five aisles running west to east, with the center aisle located on the same axis as 112th Street. There are four smaller aisles, two to either side of the center aisle. Additionally, the interior contains several flying buttresses, concealed by \"bridges\" that carry them over the outermost aisles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 430379 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 329, 344 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There are sixteen sub-bays in the nave, eight on each side; the easternmost sub-bays on either side contain doorways. Each of the bays are named after some aspect of humanity. From west to east, the sub-bays along the northern side of the nave are named the Sports, Arts, Crusaders, Education, Lawyers, Ecclesiastical Origins (Anglican), and Historical and Patriotic Societies' (American), and Fatherhood bays. The sub-bays on the southern side are named the All Souls', Missionary, Labor, Press (Communication), Medical, Religious Life (Earth), Armed Forces (Military), and Motherhood bays. Each of the sub-bays contain carved parapets atop their mono-pitched roofs. The sub-bays are used for various exhibits. The iconography of the stained-glass windows in the arcade and clerestory is related to the theme of each respective sub-bay. In each sub-bay, between the lower windows and the clerestory windows, is the triforium level, which contains two west–east corridors with numerous windowless rooms and office spaces.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 13834707, 428370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 648, 665 ], [ 916, 925 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The apse, located at St. John's eastern end, is made up of numerous components. The center of the apse contains the choir, located below the great organ. Two ambulatory passages run adjacent to the choir, one to the north and the other to the south. Seven chapels, a baptistery, and a columbarium are also located in the northwestern part of the apse. The apse contains two sets of clerestory windows: the large ambulatory clerestories with multiple panels, as well as a smaller sanctuary clerestory window above each of the ambulatory clerestories. The apse's walls are supported by gabled buttresses, which are taller than the height of the walls, and contain niches with statues.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 474695, 43866, 1325388, 1085111, 342843 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 8 ], [ 116, 121 ], [ 158, 168 ], [ 267, 277 ], [ 285, 296 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The choir was consecrated in 1911. It consists of two sets of wooden stalls facing each other, with three rows in each stall. The stalls were made by the Philadelphia-based John Barber Company. The westernmost unit in the southern row of choir stalls is called the \"Dean's Stall\". The roof above the choir is supported by eight columns, each tall with a diameter and a weight of . The columns' foundations descend as much as into the bedrock below them.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The parapets behind the two sections of the choir were originally installed in 1922 with twenty niches for statues of the spiritual heroes of the twenty centuries since the birth of Christ. For example, the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries are respectively represented by statues of William Shakespeare, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. The niche for the 20th century was left blank through the end of that century. In 2001 the choir parapet was completed with carvings of Martin Luther King Jr., Albert Einstein, Susan B. Anthony. and Mohandas Gandhi. In addition, the finials on both rows of stalls were carved by Otto Jahnsen and depict church-music composers and performers.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 261019, 32897, 11968, 307, 20076, 736, 27954, 19379 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 173, 188 ], [ 281, 300 ], [ 302, 319 ], [ 325, 340 ], [ 478, 500 ], [ 502, 517 ], [ 519, 535 ], [ 541, 556 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "On the floor are tiles designed by the Grueby Faience Company, with geometric patterns and imagery reminiscent of the iconography in other cathedrals. A compass rose, the official icon of the Anglican Communion (in which the Episcopal Church participates), is located on the floor between the two stalls, in the center of the choir.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 26710638, 316410, 909 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 61 ], [ 153, 165 ], [ 192, 210 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Great Organ was built by Ernest M. Skinner in 1906–1910. It is located above the choir on the north and south sides, and consists of four manual keyboards with several pedals. In 1954, it was enlarged by the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Company, Opus 150-A, under the tonal direction of G. Donald Harrison. The organ contains 8,514 pipes, though it previously included 8,035. While most of the pipes are located above the choir stalls, the Great Organ also controls the State Trumpet, located beneath the rose window about to the west.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 1258661, 1599825 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 46 ], [ 142, 148 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The 2001 fire in the north transept resulted in heavy smoke damage to the organ, and it was subsequently restored by Quimby Pipe Organs, Inc., of Warrensburg, Missouri. After two years of extensive and detailed refurbishment work, including a reorganization of many pipes and a rebuilding of the console, the organ finally returned to service in 2008 as part of an overall $41-million cleaning and repair to the cathedral. The Great Organ was damaged again in the April 2019 crypt fire, and was indefinitely placed out of service pending a thorough cleaning. While the Great Organ was being restored, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine used an electric organ.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 122822 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 146, 167 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The organists have included:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Walter Henry Hall (1905–1909)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Miles Farrow (1910–1931)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Norman Coke-Jephcott (1932–1953)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 38386383 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Upham (interim) (1953–1954)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Alec Wyton (1954–1974)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " David Pizzaro (1974–1977)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Paul Halley (1977–1990)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 30276081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dorothy Papadakos (1990–2003)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 57376526 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Timothy Brumfield (2003–2009)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Bruce Neswick (2009–2011)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Kent Tritle (2011–present)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 8947850 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Behind the choir, to its east, is the sanctuary (or chancel), a raised platform. The chancel includes the high altar, which is made of white Vermont marble. The Magna Carta Pedestal—named as such because it is located atop three stones from the Bury St Edmunds Abbey in England—is located to the right, while the sedilia for the bishop and other clergy is to the left. The sanctuary also contains the cathedra (or bishop's seat), donated by Olivia Egleston Phelps Stokes in memory of her sister Caroline Phelps Stokes. The bishop's pulpit is made of Tennessee marble, with five niches, each of which contain reliefs that depict scenes from the life of Christ. A presbytery, which houses the officiating clergy of St. John's, is located between the chancel and the choir. The reredos behind the sanctuary depicts four scenes from the Old Testament on the left (north), and four from the New Testament on the right (south).", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 780816, 68640, 20958, 1662874, 1494622, 59602778, 44264761, 412297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 52, 59 ], [ 111, 116 ], [ 161, 172 ], [ 245, 266 ], [ 313, 320 ], [ 441, 470 ], [ 495, 517 ], [ 775, 782 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Behind the altar is a wrought iron enclosure. The space contains the English Gothic style tomb of the man who originally conceived and founded the cathedral, the Right Reverend Horatio Potter, which was dedicated in 1921.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 99603, 68993, 3823672 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 34 ], [ 90, 94 ], [ 158, 176 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "An ambulatory, measuring long and wide, surrounds the choir to the north, east, and south, making a rough \"U\" shape with the two ends of the \"U\" facing west. The floor is covered with red clay-colored tiles that contain green-serpentine borders. There are wrought-steel gates at either end of the ambulatory. Numerous plaques are present in the ambulatory, paying homage to large donors and other notable individuals in St. John's history. A \"poetry wall\" and several Madonna paintings are also located in the ambulatory, particularly in the southern part of the ambulatory.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 142062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 471, 478 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Extending outward from the ambulatory are seven chapels. These chapels are known as the \"Chapels of the Tongues\", and all were donated by prominent individuals and families. The chapels were designed by four different architects and firms: Heins & LaFarge designed two of the chapels, while Cram designed a third. The Chapels of the Tongues were devoted to seven of the city's largest immigrant groups when the apse was completed: the southernmost three chapels represent \"Latin races\" and the northernmost three chapels represent \"Germanic races\". All of the chapels, except for St. Ansgar's, were donated by individuals or families. Clockwise from north, they are devoted to:", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 2544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 580, 592 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. Ansgar, patron of Denmark; designed by Henry Vaughan, dedicated 1918. St. Ansgar Chapel has its own organ.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 6327254 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 44, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. Boniface, apostle of the Germans; designed by Henry Vaughan, dedicated 1916.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 28172 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. Columba, patron of Ireland and Scotland; designed by Heins & LaFarge, dedicated 1911.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 6561 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. Savior (Holy Savior), devoted to immigrants from Africa and Asia; designed by Heins & LaFarge, dedicated 1911. St. Savior was the first chapel to be complete, hosting its first services in 1904. It contains a bronze three-paneled altar with gold-leaf decoration, designed by Keith Haring just before his death.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 306478 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 280, 292 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. Martin of Tours, patron of the French; designed by Cram & Ferguson, dedicated 1918.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 20345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. Ambrose, patron of Milan; designed by Carrère and Hastings, dedicated 1914.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 1370, 1701039 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 43, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " St. James, patron of Spain; designed by Henry Vaughan, dedicated 1916. St. James Chapel is the largest apsidal chapel, with a seating capacity of 25 people, and is frequently utilized for small funerals, weddings, or worship services. The chapel has its own choir and 857-pipe organ.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 171625 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The northwest corner of the apse, adjacent to the St. Ansgar Chapel, includes the octagonal baptistery. The baptistery was donated by three Stuyvesant family siblings in 1924. The space measures in diameter with a ceiling tall. The baptistery's iconography depicts the Stuyvesant family history; icons of New Amsterdam, New York, and Dutch history; and the 12 apostles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 56986682, 21685 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 140, 157 ], [ 307, 320 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The columbarium, established in the 1970s, is in a room directly west of the baptistery. It contains marble vaults, which store the remains of people from all religions.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Between the nave to the west and the apse to the east is the crossing, designed by Rafael Guastavino. The interior of the crossing includes four massive granite arches, which in the original Heins & LaFarge design were originally intended to support the massive tower above it. When completed in 1900, the arches were described as the \"crowning glory\" of Morningside Heights. During the time that the nave remained incomplete, temporary walls were placed within the arches so that services could be held in the crossing.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 5877125, 2296140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 61, 69 ], [ 83, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Above the crossing is a domed roof, which was meant as a temporary covering until the tower above the crossing was built. It was completed within fifteen weeks between May and August 1909. The dome is shaped like a saucer, and consists of several overlapping layers of Guastavino tile, which support themselves around the dome's center upon their own weight. The pendentives, or triangular areas between the circular dome and the corners of the arches, are thick; the thickness of the dome itself ranges from on top to at the bottom. Compared to conventional ceilings, the tiles saved money because they did not require temporary supports when they were installed. For added strength, metal rods were included in the dome's shell.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 1584291, 641092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 269, 284 ], [ 363, 373 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The dome was originally intended to be temporary. Cram had proposed three plans for the structure above the crossing: a steeple, a square tower rising above the crossing floor, and then a slim spire. None of these plans were realized. In 2019, Ennead Architects proposed to build a copper dome over the crossing so that the ceiling tiles could be renovated.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Directly below the crossing is the basement, which contains the crypt, now used as a storage area. The items stored in the crypt include artifacts such as pieces of the destroyed Pennsylvania Station and World Trade Center, as well as wooden angels, plaster gargoyles, leadlights, antique furniture, and a single-file line of saints. The crypt also includes objects such as a large fossil and a massive crystal of quartz, both of which were relocated to the crypt after the 2001 fire. Along either side the basement are rooms, each named after the chapels that they are located under. In the 1980s, the crypt was also home to the Cathedral Works Company, which sold textiles.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 211786, 40019756, 45645094, 19404136, 50473, 6284140, 827230, 6015, 25233 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 69 ], [ 179, 199 ], [ 204, 222 ], [ 235, 248 ], [ 258, 266 ], [ 269, 278 ], [ 281, 298 ], [ 403, 410 ], [ 414, 420 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The crypt also formerly contained the Tiffany Chapel, created by jewelry designer Louis Comfort Tiffany. Originally exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, it was then acquired by Celia Whipple Wallace and moved to the cathedral in 1898. Services at the cathedral were hosted at the Tiffany Chapel from 1899 to 1911, and the chapel was reacquired by Tiffany in 1916. The chapel has been in the Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art in Winter Park, Florida, since 1999.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Main structure", "target_page_ids": [ 30498900, 73516, 41960, 1706794, 109566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 38, 52 ], [ 82, 103 ], [ 133, 161 ], [ 409, 452 ], [ 456, 476 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral close, surrounding the main cathedral, consists of several buildings on a site, including the former Leake & Watts asylum building, which predates the land's acquisition by the Episcopal Diocese of New York. The other structures were built later.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 19523044, 5630446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 19 ], [ 116, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The former asylum is located immediately south of the crossing. The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine is located on the eastern boundary of the site, just south of the apse. A Biblical garden is located between the school and the asylum building. To the southwest is a pulpit green, situated between the nave to the north and the Synod Hall and Diocesan House to the south. The Cathedral House is located south of the Biblical garden and east of the pulpit green. The Synod Hall and Diocesan House are located on the southern boundary. Various paths, gardens, play areas, and furniture are located on the cathedral close, as are numerous artworks and several commemorative or religious objects.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 19524109, 15460996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 107 ], [ 182, 197 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The initial plans for the cathedral close, put forth in the 1890s, varied widely. The included a 1892 plan for buildings on Morningside Drive and Cathedral Parkway; various proposals for an Episcopal residence somewhere along the close; and an 1898–1899 plan for a deaconesses' training school. Two other plans were proposed in 1902 and 1903, but after objections to the 1903 plan from St. Luke's Hospital, a new plan was presented in 1906. The Training School for Deaconesses was completed in 1909, independently of the plan. Cram presented to the trustees an extensive plan for all the structures on the grounds in October 1911, and the trustees approved the choir school the same month. The following month, the trustees certified plans for the Synod Hall, bishop's house, and deanery, as well as the never-built diocesan offices and canons' residences. A heating plant at the southwestern corner of the cathedral close (added to the plan in 1913), and two structures planned for the western boundary and approved in 1920, were not built.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The former Leake and Watts Asylum building, designed by Ithiel Town and completed in 1843, is located south of the crossing, where the south transept would have been located. The building, designed in the Greek Revival style, was originally composed of five parts. There was a central pavilion with Ionic-style porticos to the south and north. The front entrance, located within the south portico, was approached by a wide granite staircase. The only decorative element was at the south portico's pediment, which was supported by six stucco-covered brick columns, topped by capitals made of wood. Brick wings flanked the central pavilion to each side, and originally contained wooden porches along their facades, replaced with iron balconies in 1888.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 357126, 180095, 85429, 477808, 180091, 355024 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 56, 67 ], [ 205, 218 ], [ 299, 304 ], [ 311, 318 ], [ 497, 505 ], [ 574, 582 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Originally, there were common areas and staff rooms within the central pavilion, and dormitories for 300 children in the wings. When the Episcopal Diocese of New York acquired the site, the former asylum building served several functions for the cathedral. Between 1892 and 1899, it was used as an employee dormitory and construction offices, while the parlor hosted worship services. Afterward, the former asylum's west wing was used by the day school for the cathedral's choirboys between 1901 and 1913. Cathedral leaders had proposed demolishing parts of the asylum building, since it was in the way of the proposed southern transept, though these demolitions did not happen. Subsequently, the west wing was used by the Diocese offices, and the east wing by Cathedral offices until 1949. The building then became the \"Exhibit Hall\" and the top stories were removed sometime afterward. The structure was renovated in 2004–2012, becoming the \"Ithiel Town Building\".", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 951256, 6006769 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 442, 452 ], [ 473, 481 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Ithiel Town Building houses a textile laboratory that conserves the cathedral's textiles, including the Barberini tapestries to cartoons by Raphael. The laboratory also conserves tapestries, needlepoint, upholstery, costumes, and other textiles for its clients. The building has also housed the Museum of Religious Art, as well as offices, shops, choir rehearsal quarters, sacristies, and the Cathedral Community Cares program.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 2444, 44525, 786974 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 58, 67 ], [ 144, 151 ], [ 377, 387 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Diocesan House, also known as St. Faith's House, is the only building on the cathedral close to be designed by Heins & LaFarge before they were fired. The structure, designed in the Tudor Gothic style, is located on the southern side of the cathedral close, close to Cathedral Parkway (110th Street). It is a -story H-shaped building with a brick facade, a base of Indiana limestone, and gable roofs above the pavilions on the western end. The southern elevation also contains an additional basement story. Its main entrance, on the eastern portion of the northern elevation, is a recessed-arched portal with an oriel window on the third story. , the Diocesan House is used by the diocese's offices and archives; the cathedral's library; and apartments.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 11915588, 1042755 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 186, 198 ], [ 616, 628 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Diocesan House was originally built for the New York Training School for Deaconesses, which was established in 1890 and had been searching for new locations since 1898 or 1899. Funds to build the structure were finally received in 1907 after Archdeacon Charles Comfort Tiffany included $125,000 for the deaconesses' school in his will. The building was originally supposed to be on the northern side of the cathedral close, but was moved due to objections from St. Luke's Hospital. Construction started in May 1910 and the school opened by that October. All work was finished in February 1911, and the building was used as a deaconesses' school until May 1948, and it was converted to office use the following year.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 3364498 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 257, 280 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Synod Hall (also known as the Synod House) houses the cathedral's synod or council, but is also used for various events and other functions. It was completed in 1913 and was the first of four structures on the cathedral close to be designed by Cram, and was designed to be \"the most beautiful thing in New York\". It is located at the southwestern corner of the cathedral close. The main entrance, an arched portal facing Amsterdam Avenue, contains carvings of Christian figures, which flank oak double-doors. A carving of George Washington is located between the doors, and six smaller figures are located on the tympanum above the doors. The exterior is made of pink Kingwood sandstone. Inside is a hall that can seat over a thousand people, with gallery seating above the main level. There are grisaille windows to the north and south, and wooden trusses on the ceiling, supporting the gable roof. The Synod Hall also contains a three-manual Skinner pipe organ.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 75792, 11968, 138560 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 75 ], [ 526, 543 ], [ 672, 680 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Plans for a diocesan building were considered as early as 1903. The current Synod Hall was announced in 1911, in preparation for the 1913 General Convention of the Episcopal Church. Cram's firm submitted plans for Synod Hall in March 1912, and it opened in October 1913 with the start of the convention. However, the hall was not completed until early 1914. After Bayard Cutting and J. P. Morgan made large donations toward the Synod Hall, the cathedral had to return some of the previous donations, as the two men had given more than enough funds to pay for the building.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 538717, 543486, 181579 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 138, 180 ], [ 364, 378 ], [ 383, 395 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The choir school building, now the Cathedral School of St. John the Divine, is located on the cathedral close's eastern border. The building is in the Collegiate Gothic style and is stories tall. The exterior contains gray schist cladding and limestone trim, with architectural features such as a gabled roof, dormers protruding from the roof, and Tudor-style arched openings. Inside, the building contained classrooms; gathering space for reception, dining; music rooms; a library; a gymnasium; a dormitory; and masters' and service rooms.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 1257834, 399169, 2347662 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 151, 168 ], [ 311, 317 ], [ 349, 354 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The choir school was created in 1901 within the Town Building. A separate structure was first proposed in Walter Cook & Winthrop A. Welch's 1906 plan for the campus. In January 1910, Mary Eliza Blodgett (alternatively Mrs. J. Jarrett Blodgett) donated $25,000 toward the new school building's projected $150,000 cost, as a gift to honor her father John H. Sherwood. Blodgett later covered the rest of the choir school building's cost after no one else donated, while former choirboy Frederick G. Bourne provided a $500,000 endowment in 1914. Cram approved Cook & Welch's plan in January 1912 and filed construction plans that July, with work beginning that October. The school building was finished in September 1913. The choir school consisted of day school for 20 adult men and a boarding school for 40 choirboys who paid no tuition. It was turned into a boys' day school in 1964 and a coeducational day school for grades K-8 in 1972.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Episcopal Residence, consisting of the bishop's house (also Cathedral House) and deanery (also Ogilvie House), were the final buildings that Cram designed within the cathedral close. The structures were intentionally built close together to evoke a feeling of coziness. According to Cram, the Chateauesque-style buildings were inspired by \"later domestic\" buildings in the French Gothic style. The bishop's house is west of the deanery, on slightly higher ground; the deanery is thus hidden behind the bishop's house. A small garden is located at the northeast corner of the buildings.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 2890842 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 297, 309 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "As built, the two structures contained a myriad of living space inside. The bishop's house contained eight rooms with seven bathrooms, while the deanery contained 20 rooms with five bathrooms. The deanery is three stories tall; like the choir school, it has gray schist cladding and limestone trim. It contains several pavilions with dormers and gabled roofs, as well as a loggia and an oriel window on the southern elevation. The bishop's house is four stories tall and is largely in the same design, but part of the northern elevation is made of exposed brick, marking the location where it would have connected to the unbuilt southern transept. The ornamentation of the bishop's house contains symbols of the diocesan offices, such as bishops; by contrast, the deanery has simpler decorations, such as depictions of flowers and cats. A private chapel between the two buildings was not built.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 1157097 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 373, 379 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "An episcopal residence had been announced in 1897 and Heins & LaFarge drew up plans for such a structure in 1902. The Deanery was donated by Helen Slade Ogilvie in 1911 in memory of her late husband Clinton, while the bishop's house was funded partly by the sale of a previous bishop's house at Gramercy Park. Initially, the site of the two structures was contested because the buildings would have blocked views of the main cathedral from the south. Before the structures' construction started in 1912, the sites for the bishop's house and deanery were relocated eastward. The two buildings' sites were given preliminary approval in May 1912 and were officially approved that October. The bishop's house started in November 1912 and was finished in April 1914. while the deanery was started in February 1913 and completed by that November. Both structures were erected by Leonard Jacob and Frederick T. Youngs. After the 1947 Diocesan Convention, the bishop moved into the upper two floors of the deanery, and the old bishop's house was turned into administration offices.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 1564140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 295, 308 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2008, the cathedral leased the southeast corner of its property, which contained the cathedral's playground and Rose Garden, to the AvalonBay Communities, which built a luxury apartment building called the Avalon Morningside Park. The project includes 295 apartments, of which 20% are affordable housing units, as well as replacement rose garden. The cathedral leased the northeastern edge of its property, formerly a parking lot, in 2012. The lessee was the Brodsky Organization, which built a residential building called the Enclave between 2014 and 2015. The Enclave consists of 428 rental apartments in two 15-story buildings, separated by the passageway leading to the northern transept; an underground gallery connects the two buildings.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [ 32324033, 19522714, 3531662 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 135, 156 ], [ 209, 232 ], [ 288, 306 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Both developments leased the land from the cathedral for 99-year terms. The lease on the land under the Enclave pays the Cathedral about $3million a year; the lease on the Avalon, about $2.5million.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Cathedral close", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral's interior is frequently used for concerts, performances, and other special events.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral has an annual New Year's Eve Concert for Peace. The Postlude to Act I of Leonard Bernstein's opera Quiet Place received its New York premiere at the 1985 concert. The 1990 concert was a tribute to Bernstein himself, who helped found the event and had died two months earlier on October 14.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Paul Winter has given many concerts at the cathedral, and the Paul Winter Consort are the artists in residence. Among the major musical events that takes place every year is a celebration of the feast day of St. Francis, when the Paul Winter Consort participates in a liturgical performance of Winter's Missa Gaia (Earth Mass). The musical group also performs at the annual Winter Solstice program.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 3719969, 2320941 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 11 ], [ 62, 81 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The cathedral has also been used for several individual events:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Duke Ellington's Second Sacred Concert, of his original sacred music compositions, premiered at the cathedral on January 19, 1968.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 20858412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " When construction on the south tower restarted in 1982, French high-wire artist Philippe Petit walked on a tightrope stretched across Amsterdam Avenue. Petit was also the artist-in-residence at St. John's starting in 1982.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 1718352 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 81, 95 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " In 1990, the avant-garde musician Diamanda Galas performed Plague Mass, a culmination of her work dedicated to the victims of the AIDS epidemic. Galas's performance consisted of covering her body in cattle blood and reinterpreting biblical texts and classic literature. She said it was a protest against what she saw as the ignorance and condemnation toward people with AIDS from religious and political groups.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 76095, 262751, 5069516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 14, 25 ], [ 35, 49 ], [ 131, 135 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " On December 8, 1994, Mariah Carey hosted a benefit concert for The Fresh Air Fund. The concert helped raise $700,000 to support the Fresh Air Fund and Carey's own Camp Mariah, and an additional $1million from Carey herself.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 19499, 2811060, 2811060 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 22, 34 ], [ 64, 82 ], [ 164, 175 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " In November 2017, Aretha Franklin held her last large public concert, a 25th-anniversary event for the Elton John AIDS Foundation being hosted at the cathedral.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 147367, 7017578 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 34 ], [ 104, 130 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Cathedral of St. John the Divine has also hosted events with spiritual leaders. Among them are Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, who first visited the cathedral in 1979. In addition, Bishop Desmond Tutu led a service in the cathedral in 1986.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 20238168, 8133, 8401973 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 99, 112 ], [ 123, 133 ], [ 196, 208 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is also used as an art exhibition space:", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " In 1977, a sculpture dedicated to the 12 firemen who died in the 23rd Street Fire of 1966 was unveiled at St. John's.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 18765824 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 66, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Edwina Sandys's Christa, a sculpture exhibited during Holy Week in 1984, was based upon the feminine divine. Though the sculpture generally received positive acclaim, several pieces of hate mail were addressed to the cathedral, accusing the cathedral of \"blasphemy\" with its depiction of Christ on the cross. The statue was displayed again at The Christa Project: Manifesting Divine Bodies exhibition in 2016.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 1853434, 193714, 31444, 439570, 22852566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 55, 64 ], [ 93, 108 ], [ 186, 195 ], [ 289, 308 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Value of Water, curated by artist activist Fredericka Foster, was exhibited at the cathedral in 2011. Featuring over forty artists, it was the largest-ever art exhibition to appear at the cathedral.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 55452194 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 48, 65 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " In 2014, the cathedral housed Phoenix, a sculptural group by Chinese artist Xu Bing. The two sculptures that comprised Phoenix was one of the largest pieces of sculpture ever displayed in the United States, weighing with lengths of .", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 641938 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 77, 84 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Poets' Corner, inspired by a similar corner at Westminster Abbey, is located in the Arts Bay, on the nave's northern side. It was dedicated in 1985, with Emily Dickinson, Washington Irving, and Walt Whitman being the first poets to be inducted as part of the tradition. The Poets' Corner consists of a poet-in-residence, hired for a five-year term, who in turn appoints electors on staggered terms. The poets-in-residence and electors have included 17 United States Poet Laureates. The electors then vote on choices for honorees, whose names are carved into blocks in the Poets' Corner; subsequent honorees have included Edgar Allan Poe, T. S. Eliot, William Faulkner, and William Carlos Williams. The electors' choices can be overturned, as occurred in 1999, when the Very Reverend Harry Pritchett vetoed Ezra Pound's inclusion because of Pound's anti-Semitic statements during World War II.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 43245, 159275, 33726, 33870, 34739128, 9549, 30273, 33718, 50918, 44203, 1078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 51, 68 ], [ 158, 173 ], [ 175, 192 ], [ 198, 210 ], [ 456, 483 ], [ 625, 640 ], [ 642, 653 ], [ 655, 671 ], [ 677, 700 ], [ 810, 820 ], [ 852, 864 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The pulpit green contains the Peace Fountain, a large bronze work of public art by the cathedral's sculptor-in-residence, Greg Wyatt. It was commissioned in 1985 and depicts the struggle of good and evil; a battle between the Archangel Michael and Satan; and images of the Sun, the Moon, and several animals.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Art, activities, and exhibitions", "target_page_ids": [ 3552356, 15848614, 318621, 27694 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 44 ], [ 122, 132 ], [ 226, 243 ], [ 248, 253 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Throughout the years, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine has been involved in various initiatives and projects. These programs included youth initiatives, a soup kitchen, a homeless shelter, and AIDS outreach. During the Vietnam War, the cathedral was also part of the opposition to United States involvement in the war. The Temple of Understanding, an interfaith organization, was housed at the cathedral for several decades in the late 20th century, moving to Midtown Manhattan in the 1990s.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Advocacy", "target_page_ids": [ 550013, 762302, 32611, 1854610, 14455930 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 159, 171 ], [ 175, 191 ], [ 223, 234 ], [ 271, 321 ], [ 327, 350 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Several programs have been directed toward helping members of the surrounding community. In 1971, the cathedral founded ACT (Athletics, Creativity, and Trips), a program that provided after-school activities and summer camp to children in the neighborhood. The program still runs under the name \"Advancing the Community of Tomorrow\". In 1974, in response to a need for housing in New York City, St. John's created a program that became the Urban Homesteading Assistance Board (UHAB); by 1987, the program had helped residential tenants in over 500 buildings to renovate and take ownership of their houses. Additionally, a homeless shelter, crisis center, clothes closet, and kitchen are run by in-house volunteers.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Advocacy", "target_page_ids": [ 23640195 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 441, 476 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William Mercer Grosvenor (1911–1916)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Howard Chandler Robbins (1917–1929)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Milo Hudson Gates (1930–1939)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " James Pernette DeWolfe (1940–1942)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [ 50630846 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " vacant (1942–1952)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " James Albert Pike (1952–1958)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [ 1471241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Vernon Butler (1960–1966)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " vacant (1966–1972)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " James Parks Morton (1972–1997)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [ 33475129 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Harry Houghton Pritchett Jr. (1997–2001)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " James August Kowalski (2002–2017)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [ 24378244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Clifton Daniel III (2018–present)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Deans", "target_page_ids": [ 7656446 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The following people are listed with the year of their funeral or memorial service in parentheses:", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Alvin Ailey (memorial, 1989), choreographer", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 497643 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Balanchine (1983), choreographer", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 208652 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " James Baldwin (1987), writer, activist", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 176935 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Joseph Brodsky (1996), poet", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 262593 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Gregory Dunne (2004), novelist, screenwriter and literary critic", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 417092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Duke Ellington (1974), composer", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 41536 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " James Gandolfini (2013), actor", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 9257001 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dizzy Gillespie (1993), musician", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 54403 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Allen Ginsberg (1998), poet", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 1017 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jim Henson (1990), Muppets creator", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 16228 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Trevor Huddleston (memorial, 1997), anti-apartheid activist", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 1295662 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard Hunt (1992), Muppet performer", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 1458661 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Audre Lorde (1993), poet, activist", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 210542 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Toni Morrison (2019), author", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 43165 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Paul Moore Jr. (2003), bishop", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 6001157 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eleanor Roosevelt (memorial, 1962), activist, diplomat, U.S. First Lady", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 19280644 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nikola Tesla (1943), inventor", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 21473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Terence Tolbert (2008), political operative", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Notable funerals", "target_page_ids": [ 20068276 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In addition to worship services, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine offers both self-guided and guided tours of the interior exhibits, the cathedral close, and the gardens. These tours require paid tickets; there are discounts for seniors and students, as well as for those in tour groups. Admission is also included within several New York City tourist passes. The cathedral is open for tourism between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. on Mondays through Saturdays, and between 12:30 to 2:30p.m. on Sundays; it is open for worship between 7:30a.m. and 6:00p.m. on all days of the week. Additionally, St. John's offers three types of \"daily tours\", specific tours of different aspects of the cathedral, which cost more than the regular tickets.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Visitor access", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The Cathedral of St. John the Divine complex had been considered for designation as an official landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1966. At the time, St. John's trustees had opposed the move because the structure was incomplete, and a landmark designation would have required the commission to review every proposed major expansion thereafter. The church's trustees were able to prevent designation by claiming the church was not completed, using a stipulation in the landmark's law that stated that potential landmarks had to have been completed for at least 30 years. A subsequent landmark designation was precluded in 1979 for a similar reason.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Landmark status", "target_page_ids": [ 450751 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 112, 159 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2003, the exterior of the cathedral was again considered for landmark status; the interior was ineligible because the commission was legally unable to recognize religious buildings' interiors as landmarks. However, shortly after the commission conferred landmark status on the structure, the designation was unanimously overturned by the New York City Council, some of whose members favored landmark status for the entire cathedral close instead of just the main building. Councilman Bill Perkins proposed that the protective status should also be extended to the cathedral's grounds in order to control development there. The lack of an official city landmark designation meant that the cathedral site could potentially be redeveloped, and as such, two residential buildings were built on the same block as the cathedral. In 2017, the cathedral and six other buildings on the grounds were re-designated a New York City Landmark; the designation excludes the two new structures.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Landmark status", "target_page_ids": [ 1813418, 11149507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 341, 362 ], [ 487, 499 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of cathedrals in the United States", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 766978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 22987931 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " List of the Episcopal cathedrals of the United States", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 50958028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Supplementary material to .", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "Further reading", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Official website (Congregation of Saint Saviour at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine)", "section_idx": 13, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1899_establishments_in_New_York_City", "1941_establishments_in_New_York_City", "Churches_completed_in_1899", "Churches_completed_in_1941", "Cathedrals_in_New_York_City", "Churches_in_Manhattan", "Episcopal_cathedrals_in_New_York_(state)", "Episcopal_church_buildings_in_New_York_City", "Gothic_Revival_church_buildings_in_New_York_City", "Heins_and_LaFarge_buildings", "New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan", "Morningside_Heights,_Manhattan", "Ralph_Adams_Cram_church_buildings", "Unfinished_buildings_and_structures_in_the_United_States", "Unfinished_cathedrals" ]

[ "Cathedral Church of Saint John: The Great Divine in the City and Diocese of New York", "Cathedral of Saint John the Divine" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 990 (CMXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 14 ], [ 22, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 11 Gisela of Swabia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1043)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21447, 8927305, 40042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adamo Abate, Italian Benedictine abbot (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4372420, 4240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 22, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la, Arab Hanbali scholar and jurist (d. 1066)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 49872405, 219232, 35054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 25, 32 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bi Sheng, Chinese inventor of movable type printing (d. 1051)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 666391, 47300, 40049 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 31, 43 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Chananel ben Chushiel, Tunisian Jewish rabbi (d. 1053)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1209038, 30345, 36698 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 40, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Conrad II (the Elder), Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1039)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 44399, 40039 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Edmund II (Ironside), king of England (d. 1016)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47092, 407950, 36035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 31, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Grigor Magistros, Armenian prince (d. 1058)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3503850, 36210 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Scotus, bishop of Mecklenburg (d. 1066)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4967023, 32786725 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 24, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Vladimir, Serbian prince (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 36803795 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kálfr Árnason, Norwegian chieftain (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 37701550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mieszko II, king of Poland (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20596, 45367947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nissim ben Jacob, Tunisian Jewish rabbi (d. 1062)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1209107, 42412 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theobald of Dorat, French monk and saint (d. 1070)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 25717412, 28436, 36293 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 36, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theodoric II, margrave of Lower Lusatia (d. 1034)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16234927, 11603057, 36695 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 27, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Thietmar, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark (d. 1030)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11779164, 9012041, 36465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 27, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tughril, sultan of the Seljuk Empire (d. 1063)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 579872, 13090194, 42454 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 24, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yaakov ben Yakar, German Jewish rabbi (d. 1064)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5359542, 42455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zhang Xian, Chinese poet and writer (d. 1078)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12034460, 256577, 36038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 25 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 15 Siegfried I (the Older), German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19635, 50440184, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 43, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 25 Nicodemus of Mammola, Italian monk and saint", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19773, 15939448 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 23 Ekkehard II (the Courtier), Swiss monk and abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1827, 20177461, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 54, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 15 Theophanu, Holy Roman Empress and regent", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15936, 31120, 35348624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 44, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 26 Fujiwara no Kaneie, Japanese statesman (b. 929)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15892, 2686070, 49380 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ], [ 53, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 16 Folcuin, Frankish abbot of Saint Bertin", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27650, 53110853, 20011853 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 22 ], [ 42, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 10 Folcmar (Poppo), bishop of Utrecht", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8714, 24302722, 70839 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 41, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Saghani, Persian astronomer and historian of science", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1766840, 3304608, 14400 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 31 ], [ 36, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Tamimi, Arab writer and physician (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 52109540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dunash ben Labrat, Arab Jewish commentator (b. 920)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 849313, 50988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Indra Pala, ruler of the Pala Dynasty (India) (b. 960)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35137555, 4014312, 14533, 49140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 26, 38 ], [ 40, 45 ], [ 51, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kiyohara no Motosuke, Japanese nobleman (b. 908)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9407628, 50984 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 45, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nazif ibn Yumn, Melkite Christian mathematician and translator", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1766702 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Oliba Cabreta, count of Cerdanya and Besalú (Spain)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5214004, 6967656, 5214041, 26667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 25, 33 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 46, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Qarghuyah, Hamdanid administrator and governor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 55480297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sahl ben Matzliah, Jewish philosopher (b. 910)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11341528, 50985 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 43, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Urard Mac Coise, Irish poet (Ollamh Érenn)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27386120, 27308370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 30, 42 ] ] } ]

[ "990" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 993 (CMXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Majd al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Rayy (d. 1029)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2878189, 202702, 38728 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 30, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Samuel ibn Naghrillah, Spanish Talmudic scholar", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1794649, 30345 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 32, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sultan al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Fars (d. 1024)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2736195, 448049, 38729 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 32, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 13 Odo I, German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22693343, 11660206, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 16 ], [ 25, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 19 Conrad I, king of Burgundy", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22568, 2602090, 2875095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 31, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 9 Egbert, archbishop of Trier", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8589, 11778490, 15008891 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 19 ], [ 35, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arnulf (or Aernout), count of Friesland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17669539, 691057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 31, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Borrell II, count of Barcelona and Urgell", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2858046, 3409591, 106534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 22, 31 ], [ 36, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Charles, duke of Lower Lorraine (b. 953)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1299891, 2776799, 49143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 18, 32 ], [ 37, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " David II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23268075, 581599, 48768 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 21, 33 ], [ 35, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Landenulf II, Lombard prince of Capua", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5996037, 6105064 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 33, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Maelcairearda, king of Uí Briúin (Ireland)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24571285, 9994603, 147575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 24, 33 ], [ 35, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Masanobu, Japanese nobleman (b. 920) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15041604, 50988 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 45, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William I, French nobleman (b. 950)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7342749, 36433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 35 ] ] } ]

[ "993" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 994 (CMXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 7 Ibn Hazm, Andalusian historian and poet (d. 1064)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21667, 1467830, 13575, 42455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 34, 43 ], [ 57, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ahmad al-Bayhaqi, Persian Sunni hadith scholar (d. 1066)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8451240, 29402, 13749, 35054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 32 ], [ 33, 39 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alfonso V (the Noble), king of León (Spain) (d. 1028)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 66796, 336544, 26667, 36083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 36 ], [ 38, 43 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lothair Udo I, margrave of the Nordmark (d. 1057)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 50345583, 496924, 35530 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sancho III (the Great), king of Pamplona (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 254595, 693507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 33, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Simeon, Norman abbot of Ely Abbey (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7513469, 1143, 884375 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 16, 21 ], [ 25, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, Andalusian female poet (d. 1091)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10514421, 25353172, 42469 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 45, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 3 William IV, duke of Aquitaine (b. 937)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11323, 544543, 546092, 52458 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 33, 42 ], [ 47, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 4 Egbert (the One-Eyed), German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18951826, 11965060, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 16 ], [ 40, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 23 Gerard of Toul, German priest and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1827, 3071938, 4092 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 25 ], [ 45, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 11 Majolus of Cluny, Frankish priest and abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19452, 5470695, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 25 ], [ 47, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 23 Lothair Udo I, German nobleman (b. 950)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15831, 50319421, 36433 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 23 ], [ 45, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Abu Isa al-Warraq, Arab scholar (b. 889)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 13673479, 52131 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 8 Richardis, margravine consort of Austria", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15874, 34947845, 11421146 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 42, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 10 Leopold I, margrave of Austria (b. 940)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15809, 1100652, 52586 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 45, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 28 Sigeric, archbishop of Canterbury ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22341, 2423815, 1916875 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 36, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 31 Wolfgang, bishop of Regensburg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22437, 862974, 6839884 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 33, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bagrat II, king of Iberia-Kartli (Georgia) (b. 937)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19974625, 14625802, 1004391, 48768 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 26 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 35, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Takamitsu, Japanese waka poet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9112858, 34999845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Juljul, Andalusian physician (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29310437, 2106879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 24, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sancho Garcés II, king of Navarre (Spain)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1410145, 693507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 34 ] ] } ]

[ "994" ]

[ "994 A.D." ]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 996 (CMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321387, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 16 ], [ 24, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 29 Fujiwara no Norimichi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1075)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15968, 9730175, 28978421, 42460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 31 ], [ 42, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Drogo of Mantes, count of Valois and the Vexin (d. 1035)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3555934, 62241, 1302931, 40034 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 42, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Elvira Menéndez, queen consort of León (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2889107, 336544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 35, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Oda of Meissen, queen consort of Poland (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23554081, 45367947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 34, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 12 Odo I, Count of Blois (Eudes), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20197, 3368566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 1 John XV, pope of the Catholic Church", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1175, 363836, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 17 ], [ 31, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 14 Al-Aziz Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 955)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22525, 2118565, 804036, 35178 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ], [ 37, 43 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 24 Hugh I Capet, king of France (b. 941)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22345, 75185, 2687967, 52584 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 19 ], [ 35, 41 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 20 Richard I, duke of Normandy (b. 932)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21575, 912351, 379489, 49388 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Talib al-Makki, Shafi'i jurist and hadith scholar", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3515572, 33785915, 13749 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 21, 28 ], [ 40, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Li Fang, Chinese scholar and encyclopedist (b. 925)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5093333, 49379 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, king of Osraige (Ireland)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 54178346, 3119817, 147575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 47, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Herman I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (the Slender), German nobleman (b. 945) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5650901, 52454 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 40 ], [ 76, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Abi Zayd, Muslim imam and scholar (b. 922)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19306333, 15240, 42531 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 22, 26 ], [ 43, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ki no Tokibumi, Japanese waka poet (b. 922)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9410823, 34999845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 26, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Strachkvas, Bohemian prince and chronicler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4240256, 7507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 33, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Takashina no Takako, Japanese female poet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 47408120, 774012 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] } ]

[ "996" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 997 (CMXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alan III (de Bretagne), duke of Brittany (d. 1040)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 633141, 286865, 34566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bertha of Milan, Lombard duchess and regent (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 41608296, 35348624 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 38, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Godfrey III, duke of Lower Lorraine (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2331583, 2776799 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 22, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gusiluo, Tibetan religious leader of Buddhism (d. 1065)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 40443407, 3267529, 42456 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 38, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, Danish noblewoman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 902087, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 30, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn al-Wafid, Andalusian pharmacologist (d. 1074)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20407945, 24354, 42459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 26, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rhys ap Tewdwr, king of Deheubarth (d. 1093)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 962772, 285557, 36211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 25, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 23 Adalbert of Prague, Bohemian bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1827, 2108 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 8 Tai Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 939) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19353, 1070391, 36206 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 16 ], [ 38, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 23 Nuh II, Samanid emir (b. 963)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16181, 2388660, 178427, 36297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 16 ], [ 26, 30 ], [ 35, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 20 Conrad I, duke of Swabia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18933271, 4059798, 3196657 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 30, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 6 Minamoto no Mitsunaka, Japanese samurai (b. 912)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22542, 5947123, 28288, 51096 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 33 ], [ 44, 51 ], [ 56, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Seongjong, Korean king (b. 961)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 1259072, 36259 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 41, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Bakr Ibn Al-Qutia, Andalusian historian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3974146 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Constantine III, king of Alba (Scotland)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 148040, 30865599, 23248387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 30 ], [ 32, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Géza (or Gejza), Grand Prince of Hungary", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 13131, 879716 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 5 ], [ 34, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gonzalo Menéndez, Portuguese nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22610924 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gonzalo Sánchez, count of Aragon (Spain)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53322466, 8776083, 26667 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 35, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Battah al-Ukbari, Arab theologian (b. 917)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7541955, 51091 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 43, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Idwal ap Meurig, king of Gwynedd (Wales)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 30021346, 438748, 69894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 26, 33 ], [ 35, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Máel Coluim, king of Strathclyde (Scotland)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4844457, 68767 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 22, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Waldrada of Tuscany, dogaressa of Venice", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 40546051, 613492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 35, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad, ruler of Khwarezm", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6605834, 317992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 33, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roman, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1927563, 39879893, 2843775 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 15, 19 ], [ 28, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sabuktigin, founder of the Ghaznavid Dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 577859, 577843 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 28, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen Držislav (Dirzislaus), king of Croatia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3562307, 2582233 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 40, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tailapa II, ruler of the Western Chalukya Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4741838, 4900499 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 26, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Teresa Ansúrez, queen and regent of León", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 34890858, 336544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 37, 41 ] ] } ]

[ "997" ]

[ "997 CE" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 998 (CMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 10, 18 ], [ 26, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Abi Hasina, Arab poet and panegyrist (d. 1065)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 51512452, 1227714, 80454, 42456 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 22, 26 ], [ 31, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mas'ud I, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (d. 1040)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23745820, 577843, 34566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 25, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (d. 1041)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6079572, 40040 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Song Qi, Chinese statesman and historian (d. 1061)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27437035, 13575, 36037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 32, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zeng Gongliang, Chinese scholar and writer (d. 1078)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23478515, 36038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 15 Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani, Persian mathematician (b. 940)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16088, 1189485, 3304216, 52586 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 30 ], [ 40, 53 ], [ 58, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 19 Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine governor (doux)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16091, 26067315, 997023 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 8 Seo Hui, Korean politician and diplomat (b. 942) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1333, 23886707, 82433, 52463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ], [ 42, 50 ], [ 55, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 19 Fujiwara no Sukemasa, Japanese statesman (b. 944)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1497, 5679624, 52587 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ], [ 57, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 24 Sisinnius II, patriarch of Constantinople", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1629, 26869285, 5646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 24 ], [ 39, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 28 Sigfried, count of the Ardennes (Luxembourg)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22341, 5373655, 143706, 17515 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 36, 44 ], [ 46, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Æthelweard, English ealdorman and historian (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 145836, 408497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Koppány (or Cupan), Hungarian nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12755086, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 31, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Landulf of Carcano, Lombard chronicler and archbishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 39581042, 48557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 44, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nikon the Metanoeite, Byzantine monk and preacher", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16051468, 419369, 24972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 33, 37 ], [ 42, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Samsam al-Dawla, emir of the Buyid Dynasty (b. 963)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2766082, 577287, 36297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 30, 43 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yelü Xiuge, general and politician of the Liao Dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 37132351, 23508247 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 43, 55 ] ] } ]

[ "998" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "The governor of Montana is the head of government of Montana and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Montana State Legislature, to convene the legislature at any time, and to grant pardons and reprieves.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 37570, 19978, 18618239, 4562124, 426293, 288593, 288593 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 49 ], [ 53, 60 ], [ 95, 102 ], [ 103, 118 ], [ 223, 248 ], [ 303, 309 ], [ 315, 324 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The current Montana Constitution, ratified in 1972, calls for a 4-year term for the governor, commencing on the first Monday in January following an election. The governor is term-limited to 8years in any 16-year period. The constitution provides for the election of a lieutenant governor for the same term as the governor. The two offices are elected on the same ticket; a provision which did not appear in the state's first constitution, ratified in 1889. In the event of a vacancy in the office of governor due to resignation, disqualification, or death, the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term. If the governor is unable to perform his duties for any other reason, the lieutenant governor may become acting governor at the discretion of the state legislature. The 1889 constitution made the lieutenant governor president of the state senate, but this provision was removed in the 1972 constitution.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 6859065, 10170406, 9958448, 970686 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 32 ], [ 269, 288 ], [ 364, 370 ], [ 863, 875 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Montana has had 24governors (ten of whom were actually born within state boundaries), consisting of 9Republicans and 15Democrats. The longest-serving governor was Joseph Toole, who served from 1889 to 1893 and again from 1901 until his resignation in 1908 with 11 years in office. He is the only governor to serve nonconsecutive terms. The shortest-serving governor was Elmer Holt, who served less than 13months when the previous governor died. The current governor is Republican Greg Gianforte, who took office on January 4, 2021.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 32070, 5043544, 4052543, 12255385, 31622364 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 101, 112 ], [ 119, 128 ], [ 163, 175 ], [ 370, 380 ], [ 480, 494 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Prior to the creation of Montana Territory (1864–1889), numerous areas of what is now Montana were areas of Oregon Territory (1848–1859), Washington Territory (1853–1863), Idaho Territory (1863–1864), and Dakota Territory (1861–1864).", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [ 452529, 357621, 448022, 450784, 309547 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 25, 42 ], [ 108, 124 ], [ 138, 158 ], [ 172, 187 ], [ 205, 221 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "NOTE: Term dates are for the full, official term of office, see notes column for clarification of dates when men served as governor.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Parties", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " (3)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " (6)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Parties", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " (15)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " (10)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Governors", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "This is a table of the equivalent or higher state and federal offices and other governorships held by governors. All representatives and senators represented Montana. * denotes cases where the governor resigned the governorship to accept the other office.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Other high offices held", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": ", there are four former governors of Montana who are currently living, the oldest former governor of Montana being Ted Schwinden (served 1981–1989, born 1925). The most recent death of a former governor of Montana was that of Stan Stephens (served 1989–1993, born 1929), on April 3, 2021. The most recently serving former governor of Montana to die was Judy Martz (served 2001–2005, born 1943), on October 30, 2017.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Living former governors of Montana", "target_page_ids": [ 420784, 420782, 420790 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 115, 128 ], [ 226, 239 ], [ 353, 363 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "History of Montana", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2373541 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Territory of Montana", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 452529 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "State of Montana", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 19978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "List of First Spouses of Montana", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 59339424 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "General", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"U.S. States L-M -- Montana.\" World Statesman Almanac. Retrieved August 14, 2011.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Former Montana Governors.\" State of Montana. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Montana Governor Steve Bullock.\" State of Montana. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Constitutions", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Constitution of the State of Montana\" (1972). Montana Legislature. Retrieved August 14, 2011.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Constitution of the State of Montana\" (1889). University of Montana Law Library. Retrieved August 14, 2011.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " \"Constitution of the State of Montana\" (1884) ratified but never approved by Congress. University of Montana Law Library. Retrieved August 14, 2011.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "References", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Governors_of_Montana", "Lists_of_state_governors_of_the_United_States", "Lists_of_territorial_governors_of_the_United_States", "Governors_of_Montana_Territory", "Lists_of_Montana_politicians" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "A postmark is a postal marking made on an envelope, parcel, postcard or the like, indicating the place, date and time that the item was delivered into the care of a postal service, or sometimes indicating where and when received or in transit. Modern postmarks are often applied simultaneously with the cancellation or killer that marks postage stamps as having been used. Sometimes a postmark alone is used to cancel stamps, and the two terms are often used interchangeably. Postmarks may be applied by handstamp or machine, using methods such as rollers or inkjets, while digital postmarks are a recent innovation.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 385229, 57260, 55321, 58133, 22325268, 50687, 8194174 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 16, 30 ], [ 42, 50 ], [ 60, 68 ], [ 304, 316 ], [ 320, 326 ], [ 560, 567 ], [ 575, 591 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The first postmark, called the \"Bishop mark\", was introduced by English Postmaster General Henry Bishop in 1661 and showed only the day and month of mailing to prevent the delay of the mail by carriers.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 158586, 20309014 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 90 ], [ 91, 103 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In England during the latter part of the 17th century, several postmarks were devised for use with the London Penny Post, a postal system that delivered mailed items within the city of London. The postmarks bore the initial of the particular post office or handling house it was sent from along with a separate time stamp. Postage was prepaid and the postmark was applied to the mailed item by means of an inked hand-stamp. Some historians also consider these postmarks to be the world's first postage \"stamps\".", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 29514220 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 103, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In the 19th century and early 1900s, it was common for letters to receive multiple postmarks, or backstamps, indicating the time, date, and location of each post office transporting or delivering the letter, and this is still occasionally true. While almost every contemporary postmark includes a location as well as a date, in 2004, New Zealand Post announced plans to eliminate the location on their postmarks and include only the date; however, information about this can be determined by a three-number code on the postmarks.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1371623, 242039 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 97, 106 ], [ 335, 351 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In Great Britain, the first postmark employed for the cancellation of the then new adhesive postage stamps was the Maltese Cross, so named because of its shape and appearance. This was used in conjunction with a date stamp which was applied, usually to the rear of the letter, which denoted the date of posting.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 961313 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 115, 128 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Different types of postmarks include railway post offices (RPOs) and maritime (on-board ship) postmarks. Postmarks on naval vessels during sensitive operations in wartime are sometimes \"clean\", showing less information than usual to prevent route of travel or other details from falling into enemy hands. Similar to this is the \"censored postmark\", overprinted with a black obliteration of the time and place of mailing, for similar reasons.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1107867, 21533 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 56 ], [ 119, 124 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The Pony Express used a variety of different postmarks on the mail it carried across the Western United States. There are only 250 known examples of surviving Pony Express mail/postmarks in various collections today bearing one of more than a dozen different types of postmarks.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 43262, 43262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 4, 16 ], [ 45, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hawai'i Post, a discontinued personal delivery service, once had a surfboard mail postmark, for covers that traveled by surfboard.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 189016 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 76 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A colour postmark is on the United States Postal Service-issued collectible envelope commemorating the 2004 inauguration of George W. Bush.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 226188, 3414021 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 108, 120 ], [ 124, 138 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "While postmarks are applied almost universally by or under the authority of the official postal department, service, or authority in the United States it is possible to receive \"a permit to apply your own postmark\", called a Mailer's Postmark Permit, and under certain conditions specified by the private express statutes in the United States, a privately carried letter may be cancelled with a private postmark. Unofficial entities that issue artistamps may use postmark-like markings as well.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 267600, 157032 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 297, 321 ], [ 444, 453 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Marcophily is the study of postmarks and there are many published work on postmarks covering the topic from before 1900, such as the fancy cancels, until the present day. These include the so-called fancy cancels of the United States to modern machine postmarks.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 9736015, 384639, 384639, 669137 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 10 ], [ 133, 145 ], [ 199, 211 ], [ 244, 260 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Fewer postmarks are used now than previously, with the advent of meter labels, some types of computer vended postage, and computerized postage that people can print from their own personal computers (called \"PC postage\" in the United States, these services have been offered by such companies as Stamps.com and Neopost). These indicia are not always postmarked by the post office but if put into the mailstream later than the date listed on them, they are postmarked about 50% of the time. Because of this, it is a bad idea to try to use the date on your postage as a postmark.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 1701715, 1701715, 18457137, 346227, 6518056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 93, 116 ], [ 122, 142 ], [ 180, 197 ], [ 296, 306 ], [ 311, 318 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "An official example relating a numismatic item to postmarks occurred on April 13, 1976 when the U.S. issued a new two-dollar bill. People could buy the bills at face value, add a first class stamp (at the time 13 cents), and have the combination postmarked to show they were the first day of issue. Large numbers of these were produced and they remain common.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "History", "target_page_ids": [ 38212, 53761076 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 31, 41 ], [ 114, 129 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "When the first universal postal system was started in the United Kingdom with its Penny Black, the postmark used red ink for contrast. This was not successful, and the stamp was changed to non-black colours so that the postmark could use black ink.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Ink colour", "target_page_ids": [ 193260 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 82, 93 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The majority of postmarks today are in black, with red (particularly in the United States with local post offices' handstamps) following, though sometimes they are in other colours. This is particularly true in the case of pictorial postmarks if the colour in question has some connection to the commemoration.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Ink colour", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2004 the United States Postal Service announced plans to introduce first day digital colour postmarks to be used to cancel some first day covers for commemorative stamps in 2005 and this practice continued and was ongoing as of 2015.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Digital postmarks", "target_page_ids": [ 50591 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 12, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Singapore Post offers a \"postmark advertising\" service which, strictly speaking, applies to the \"killer\" rather than the postmark. Hungarian Post Co., Ltd. offers a similar service.", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Postmark advertisement", "target_page_ids": [ 2263644 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There have apparently been some postmarks producing a stereoscopic or \"3D\" effect where a special viewer is required. They are considered more as a novelty than as a practical postmark. The local post Hawai'i Post had a rubber-stamp postmark, parts of which were hand-painted. At Hideaway Island, Vanuatu, the Underwater Post Office has an embossed postmark.", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "Unusual postmark techniques", "target_page_ids": [ 415262, 13449992, 32443, 370948 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 190, 200 ], [ 280, 295 ], [ 297, 304 ], [ 340, 348 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The study of postmarks is a specialized branch of philately called marcophily. It may bring added value to the stamps by their historical significance. Other parameters are the rarity and the attractiveness. In particular, the stamps issued by the Empire of Austria during the 1850–1867 period (the 5 issues before the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867), are collected for their variety and beauty. More details can be found in Valuation of cancellations of the Austrian Empire.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Valuation of cancellations", "target_page_ids": [ 9736015, 266894, 37523349 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 77 ], [ 248, 265 ], [ 430, 479 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A special or rare postmark can substantially add to the value of a stamp. Also, in addition to everyday postmarks there are postmarks indicating the first day of issue of a particular stamp and pictorial cancellations commemorating local events, anniversaries, and the like' and slogan postmarks which advertise an event or pass information to the public. (There has been a recent change to the term \"pictorial postmarks\" rather than \"pictorial cancellations\" by the USPS.)", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Valuation of cancellations", "target_page_ids": [ 55317, 58133 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 150, 168 ], [ 195, 217 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There are some examples of \"faked covers\" produced by philatelic forgers, most usually to increase their value, in which the postmark has been altered in some way; for example, by changing the date.", "section_idx": 6, "section_name": "Valuation of cancellations", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The postmark is often considered as an official confirmation that a cover (letter, packet, etc.) mailed item was mailed at a given location at a specific date. For example, the date of the postmark can be quite important. In the United States, the Internal Revenue Service will still consider income tax returns as filed on time though it receives them late if they are postmarked on time, and this date (with, perhaps, other proof of mailing), may have significance in the context of legal filings and proofs of service or of delivery (though in this case the date may viewed as \"on time\" if the date of the postmark is no more than one day after the date service is supposed to have been made). Postal voting ballots may be accepted in some places if postmarked by the date of the election, though other places require receipt by a certain deadline. Historically, postmarks, known as backstamps were also applied to the reverse side of a cover to confirm arrival at the post office on a specific date.", "section_idx": 7, "section_name": "Practical uses", "target_page_ids": [ 23430752, 50845, 422495, 496674, 3724060, 1262999, 1371623 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 248, 272 ], [ 293, 303 ], [ 426, 442 ], [ 503, 520 ], [ 524, 535 ], [ 697, 718 ], [ 886, 895 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "A postmark should not be confused with the killer which are lines, bars, etc. used to cancel a postage stamp. The killer acts as the cancellation, though the postmark can also serve this purpose. Neither should a postmark be confused with overprints generally, or pre-cancels (stamps that have been cancelled before the envelope or package to which they are affixed is submitted or deposited for acceptance into the mailstream, they most commonly have taken the form of a pre-printed city name on the stamp) specifically, which generally do not indicate a date.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Similar marks", "target_page_ids": [ 58133, 58133, 186190, 559361, 57260, 50591 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 43, 49 ], [ 133, 145 ], [ 239, 248 ], [ 264, 275 ], [ 320, 328 ], [ 416, 426 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Flight cachets, more or less elaborate rubber-stamps on an envelope indicating on which flight (typically a first flight), a first flight cover has traveled via airmail, are in addition to the postmark and are not postmarks either.", "section_idx": 8, "section_name": "Similar marks", "target_page_ids": [ 393587, 618303, 46502965, 357156 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 7, 13 ], [ 108, 120 ], [ 125, 143 ], [ 161, 168 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "There are many clubs devoted to the hobby of collecting postmarks. One of those clubs is the Post Mark Collector's Club, founded in 1946 and based in the USA. Another is the British Postmark Society, founded in 1958.", "section_idx": 9, "section_name": "Clubs", "target_page_ids": [ 10129231 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 94, 120 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Indicia (philately)", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 2194897 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Postal marking", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 385229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Postal history", "section_idx": 10, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 273623 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anonymous Postmark Mailer", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " British Postmark database", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " World postmark primer: how to decipher dates", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Geographic North Pole Postmark", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " A Mystery Postmark", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " London 2012 – New postmark kicks off 2012 day in London (backing London's bid to host 2012 Olympics)", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [ 2176142 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 87, 100 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Post Offices with Christmas Names of the United States Postal Service", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " November 17, 2011, Postal Bulletin 22324 Philately Pictorial Postmarks Announcement", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Museum", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Post Mark Museum and Research Library", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Precancels", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " The ABCs of Precancel collecting", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Clubs", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Post Mark Collectors Club", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Bullseye Cancel Collectors Club", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " British Postmark Society", "section_idx": 12, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "Postal_systems", "Postal_markings", "Philatelic_terminology" ]

[ "Postmark" ]

[ { "plaintext": "A killer is someone or something that kills, such as a murderer or a serial killer. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 20171, 42626 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 63 ], [ 69, 82 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Killer may also refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (Home and Away), a character from Home and Away", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 31194516 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer Kane, the villain of the 1939 Buck Rogers film serial", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 11634024 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer! (1969 film), an alternative title for This Man Must Die", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 9917330 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (1991 film), a Telugu film starring Akkineni Nagarjuna", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 31782191 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (1994 film) (a.k.a. Bulletproof Heart), a film starring Anthony LaPaglia and Mimi Rogers, and featuring Peter Boyle", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 655137 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 64, 80 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A Journal of Murder (film), a 1996 film about serial killer Carl Panzram", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (1998 film), a French/Kazakhstani crime drama", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 15421821 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (game), a parlor game played with cards and candles", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 1890753 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (pool), a multi-player pocket billiards (pool) game", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 9871338 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer, a climbing card game related to tiến lên", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 2243837 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 41, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer, a variant of the game of darts", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 397713 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 34, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Assassin (game), or Killer, a live-action role-playing game", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 617323 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer sudoku, or samunamupure, a variant of sudoku", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 2970467 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Game of Assassination, a live action role-playing game set of rules first published by Steve Jackson Games in 1982", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (novel) a novel by Sara Shepard, part of The Pretty Little Liars series", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 12012861 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " A Journal of Murder (novel), a 1970 biographical novel upon which the 1996 film is based", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (Finnish band), an early 2000s Finnish alternative and experimental rock band", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 645574 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (Swiss band), a hard rock band", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 40614571 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (Belgian band), a hard rock band", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 40614666 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (Alice Cooper album), a 1971 rock album by Alice Cooper", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 2225298 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (video), a music DVD by Die Ärzte released in 1999", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 24801714 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (Tech N9ne album), 2008 rap album by Tech N9ne", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 15813304 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\" (Kiss song), 1982", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 6649251 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\" (Adamski song), 1990, featuring Seal as a vocalist", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 7259078 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\" (Fazer song), 2012", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 36489838 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by Van Der Graaf Generator from H to He, Who Am the Only One, 1970", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 1863627 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 50, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by Boy Kill Boy from Civilian, 2006", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 5892747 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by The Hoosiers from The Trick to Life, 2007", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 13062871 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 39, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by Dev from The Night The Sun Came Up, 2011", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 31011514 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 30, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by Krokus from Painkiller, 1978", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 8032404 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 33, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by Kali Uchis from Isolation, 2018", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 56850521 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\", a song by Eminem from the deluxe edition of Music to Be Murdered By, 2020", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 62849901 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 78 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\" (CSI), an episode from the sixth season of the American television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2006)", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 10718868 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " \"Killer\" (Taggart), the 1983 pilot episode and title of the later renamed Scottish detective TV series Taggart", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 1378695 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (TV series), a 1984 British thriller series which aired on ITV", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Arts, entertainment, and media", "target_page_ids": [ 67048246 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (nickname), a list of people known as \"Killer\" or \"The Killer\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 42978081 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer Brooks (born 1947), ring name of American professional wrestler Tim Brooks", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 17930443 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer Khan (born 1947), ring name of Japanese professional wrestler Masashi Ozawa", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 3839820 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Daniel Killer (born 1949), former Argentine footballer", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 8697385 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tobias Killer (born 1993), German footballer", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 40546375 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bob Konovsky (1934–1982), American National Football League player and professional wrestler known as \"Killer Konovsky\"", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 30535302 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer Kowalski (1926–2008), ring name of Polish-Canadian professional wrestler Władek Kowalski", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "People", "target_page_ids": [ 21304582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (computer), an AT&T public-access UNIX machine involved in Operation Sundevil", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 727153 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Death receptor 5, a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b, a human gene, alias KILLER", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 14437150 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer application or killer app, a computer program that is so necessary or desirable that it proves the core value of some larger technology", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 84566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer NIC, a network interface card manufactured by Bigfoot Networks", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 19510277 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer yeast, a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is able to secrete one of a number of toxic proteins which are lethal to receptive cells", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 17585131 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer (philately), a term for a heavy stamp cancellation mark", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 22325268 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killer, Germany, a village in the town of Burladingen, in the Killertal valley", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 5511294 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kiler, a 1997 Polish film", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 4829921 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killa (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 49926531 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killah (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 19614503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Killer (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 1421425 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Killers (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 923788 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Killers (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 68404851 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] } ]

[]

[ "The Killer" ]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1031 (MXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 26 Malcolm III (Canmore), king of Scotland (d. 1093)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20427, 20892, 23248387, 36211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 42, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hoël II (or Houel), duke of Brittany (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 633148, 286865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 29, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matilda of Flanders, queen consort of England (d. 1083)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 79796, 407950, 42465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 39, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad ibn Ammar, Moorish poet and writer (d. 1086)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3087943, 22926, 36699 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 33 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert, Norman nobleman and Earl of Cornwall (d. 1095)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 286400, 28978421, 797655, 36041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 16, 24 ], [ 29, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roger I (the Great Count), Norman nobleman (d. 1101) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 157904, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and engineer (d. 1095)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1102000, 25121 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Spytihněv II, duke of Bohemia (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1061)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 922022, 424966, 2486608, 36037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 23, 30 ], [ 32, 50 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 1 William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (b. 962)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15787, 5468132, 1143, 36289 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 31 ], [ 41, 46 ], [ 51, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 5 Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandy", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19279054, 7442447, 379489 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 18 ], [ 39, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 10 Liudolf of Lotharingia, German nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2564, 5663170 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 17 Hyeonjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 992)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15798, 2252039, 188435, 16749, 36244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 29, 35 ], [ 37, 42 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 25 Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 972)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15799, 1718019, 23508247, 36245 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 20 ], [ 37, 49 ], [ 54, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 28 Taira no Tadatsune, Japanese governor (b. 975)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15802, 1871696, 50356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ], [ 52, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 20 Robert II (the Pious), king of France (b. 972)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15803, 79182, 376974 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 41, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 20 Burchard, French archbishop and count", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 18933271, 47208193 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 2 Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27531, 1711658 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 9 Gang Gam-chan, Korean general (b. 948)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28544, 3233574, 36258 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 27 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 947)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 1091264, 4492, 53246 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 42, 49 ], [ 54, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aribo, German archbishop and primate (Primas Germaniae)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11742354, 3721477 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 39, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fadl ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir of Ganja (Azerbaijan)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7324113, 661551, 746 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 38, 43 ], [ 45, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab, Abbasid scholar and jurist (b. 973)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 43830159, 50309 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 53, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Snorri Goði, Icelandic Viking warrior and chieftain (b. 963)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24246802, 32610, 36297 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 24, 30 ], [ 57, 60 ] ] } ]

[ "1031" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1032 (MXXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321364, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 16 Ying Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1067)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 11362, 1150011, 42457 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 23 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 3 Go-Sanjō, Japanese emperor (d. 1073)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27989, 202158, 36696 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 14 Dao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1101)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27947, 1781483, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 23 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abe no Munetō, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1108)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32125822, 28288, 42476 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 38, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cheng Hao, Chinese neo-confucian philosopher (d. 1085)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18699291, 338680, 42466 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 33 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Donald III (the Fair), king of Scotland (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 148035, 23248387 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 32, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ermengol III (or Armengol), count of Urgell (d. 1065)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9888448, 106534, 42456 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 38, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gao, Chinese empress consort and regent (d. 1093)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33558235, 35348624, 36211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 4 ], [ 34, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gyrth Godwinson, English nobleman (approximated date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2700473 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh de Grandmesnil, Norman warrior and sheriff (d. 1098)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 353230, 1539792, 35160 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Osbern FitzOsbern, bishop of Exeter (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10029528, 3520255 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 30, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Touzi Yiqing, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1083)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35457842, 30153241, 226808, 42465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 23, 26 ], [ 27, 35 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vratislaus II (or Wratislaus), king of Bohemia (d. 1092)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 890140, 424966, 42470 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 40, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 28 Constance of Arles, French queen", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16040, 1526299 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 29 Matilda of Swabia, German duchess", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15968, 41669262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 6 Rudolph III, king of Burgundy ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27948, 1418565, 2875095 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ], [ 35, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Sancho VI, duke of Gascony", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 7144334, 7985859 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 21 ], [ 31, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ahmad Maymandi, Ghaznavid vizier", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 41611377 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arslan Yabgu, Turkic chieftain and ruler", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49871691 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bezprym (or Besfrim), duke of Poland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1692166, 45367947 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 31, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Constantine Diogenes, Byzantine general", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 26012959 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gille Coemgáin, king of Moray (Scotland)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1852576, 3435368 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 25, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John XIX, pope of the Catholic Church", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 239810, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 23, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Li, Chinese consort and concubine (b. 987)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35244351, 7016, 48025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 3 ], [ 25, 34 ], [ 39, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Li Deming, Chinese rebel leader (b. 981)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27388334, 48028 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 37, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Odo II, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11779249, 9012041 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 25, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Otto Orseolo (or Ottone), doge of Venice", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10057858, 613492 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 35, 41 ] ] } ]

[ "1032" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1033 (MXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (the wikilink will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 56 ], [ 110, 125 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anselm, English archbishop and philosopher (d. 1109)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 21492554, 23276, 42477 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 32, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cheng Yi, Chinese neo-confucian philosopher (d. 1107)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8738289, 338680, 38339 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 32 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Conan II, duke of Brittany (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 633145, 286865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Atsuie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1090)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58396748, 28978421, 42468 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 30, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Tadaie, Japanese statesman (d. 1091)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32542005, 42469 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Judith of Flanders, German duchess (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 26420860 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Theobald of Provins, French hermit and saint (d. 1066)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12056375, 271054, 35054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 29, 35 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Urraca of Zamora, Spanish noblewoman (d. 1101)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20070341, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 11 Ebles I, French nobleman and archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19452, 19132062 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Talib Yahya, Muslim imam (Zaidiyyah sect) (b. 951)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 30359843, 15240, 430074, 51105 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 25, 29 ], [ 31, 40 ], [ 51, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ahmad Inaltigin, Ghaznavid general and rebel leader", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 42711017 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibno Al-Thahabi, Moorish encyclopedist and physician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1492381, 2106879 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 44, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John VIII bar Abdoun, patriarch of Antioch (b. 944)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53665938, 324337, 52587 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 36, 43 ], [ 48, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Liu, empress and regent of the Song Dynasty (b. 969)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 33558344, 35348624, 56978, 35883 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 4 ], [ 18, 24 ], [ 32, 44 ], [ 49, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Merewith (or Beorhtwig), English abbot and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12930236, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 34, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Otto Bolesławowic, Polish prince (House of Piast) (b. 1000)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24146873, 60738, 34876 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 35, 49 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rhydderch ap Iestyn, king of Gwent and Deheubarth", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3341208, 7271235, 285557 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 35 ], [ 40, 50 ] ] } ]

[ "1033" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1035 (MXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dharma Pala, Indian ruler of the Pala dynasty (d. 1060)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35289442, 4014312, 36292 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 34, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard fitz Gilbert, Norman nobleman (d. c.1090) (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1750540 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Henry of Burgundy, French nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 47204478, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 27, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hereward the Wake, English nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 96809 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hermann of Salm, German nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9419309 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (d. 1094)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 58305626, 580, 42471 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 34, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Leofwine Godwinson, English nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2700497 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Marbodius of Rennes, French archdeacon (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6184651, 768582 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 29, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nathan ben Jehiel, Italian Jewish lexicographer (d. 1106)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4137872, 18483, 42475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 35, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert I, the Frisian, count of Flanders (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 360739, 43008790 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 33, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Urban II, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24284, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 23, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 13 Herbert I, French nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1541, 7840075 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 26 Berenguer Ramon I, Spanish nobleman (b. 1005)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19648, 2859976, 35904 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 26 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 30 Baldwin IV (\"the Bearded\"), French nobleman (b. 980)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19654, 360703, 36438 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 57, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 3 Robert I (\"the Magnificent\"), duke of Normandy (b. 1000) (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15848, 266033, 379489, 34876 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 17 ], [ 47, 55 ], [ 60, 64 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 18 Sancho III (\"the Great\"), king of Pamplona", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22545, 254595, 693507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 47, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Jaromír, duke of Bohemia (Přemyslid dynasty)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 446571, 424966, 2486608 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 30, 37 ], [ 39, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 12 Cnut, king of Denmark, Norway and England", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21631, 40501, 76972, 407950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 18 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 48, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Ali ibn Muhammad, ruler (malik) of the Ghurid dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 41554707, 408339, 2284219 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 30, 35 ], [ 44, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Astrid Olofsdotter, queen consort of Norway (House of Munsö)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19521765, 902735 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 46, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Drogo of Mantes, count of Valois and the Vexin (b. 996)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3555934, 62241, 1302931, 40025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 27, 33 ], [ 42, 47 ], [ 52, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Estrid of the Obotrites (or Astrid), queen consort of Sweden", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 42557, 5058739 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 55, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guo, Chinese empress consort of Renzong (b. 1012)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 33558102, 1129177, 36284 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 4 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Harun, Ghaznavid governor and ruler (shah) of Khwarazm, assassinated", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6587567, 64648, 317992 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 38, 42 ], [ 47, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn al-Samh, Moorish astronomer and mathematician (b. 979)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 54285532, 35933 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 55, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Svein Knutsson, king of Norway and son of Cnut the Great", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7067308, 21241 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 25, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali, Hammudid caliph", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24333107 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 36 ] ] } ]

[ "1035" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1037 (MXXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 58 ], [ 104, 119 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 8 Su Dongpo, Chinese calligrapher (d. 1101)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15988, 308274, 1119765, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 21 ], [ 31, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Beatrice I, German abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1061)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20024785, 1301, 13830650, 36037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 20, 26 ], [ 30, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hawise, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 15553562, 286865 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 20, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 4 Bermudo III (or Vermudo), king of León", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27765, 2882699, 336544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 25 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 15 Odo II, French nobleman (b. 983)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21763, 3137222, 28978421, 36783 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 20 ], [ 29, 37 ], [ 42, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu'l-Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami, Persian poet", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29858136 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi, Persian Shafi'i scholar ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10713305, 33785915 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 33, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Baba Kuhi of Shiraz, Persian Sufi mystic (b. 948)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 55218819, 28246, 36258 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 34 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Avicenna, Persian physician and polymath (b. 980)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1130, 25121, 36438 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 33, 41 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Boleslaus III (the Red), duke of Bohemia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 446561, 424966 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 34, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ding Wei, grand chancellor of the Song Dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 48489057, 56978 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 35, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Farrukhi Sistani, Persian poet (or 1038)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3618641, 40037 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John of Debar, Bulgarian clergyman and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12785248, 50405 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 26, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad al-Baghdadi, Persian mathematician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 54421139, 18902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muirgeas ua Cú Ceanainn, king of Uí Díarmata", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24307283, 24011185 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 34, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert II, French prelate and archbishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3015836, 185996 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 19, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Siegfried II, German nobleman (b. 956)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 50319535, 49141 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 35, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William III (Taillefer), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7342154 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] } ]

[ "1037" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1038 (MXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 19 ], [ 27, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ibn Butlan, Arab Nestorian Christian physician (d. 1075)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 13279050, 22065, 42460 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 18, 37 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isaac ibn Ghiyyat, Jewish rabbi and philosopher (d. 1089)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6617037, 51273, 42467 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 27, 32 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rostislav of Tmutarakan, Kievan Rus' prince (d. 1066)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7338524, 35054 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sancho Garcés, Spanish nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 39186701, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 24, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 28 Hai Gaon, Jewish theologian (b. 939)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19347, 630727, 36206 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 19 ], [ 43, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 23 Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1827, 16776005, 95388 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 31 ], [ 45, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 4 Gotthard, bishop of Hildesheim (b. 960)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19351, 1368115, 14780850, 49140 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 16 ], [ 28, 38 ], [ 43, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 22 Shibl al-Dawla Nasr, Mirdasid emir of Aleppo", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19660, 10471895, 159244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 28 ], [ 47, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 6 Ōnakatomi no Sukechika, Japanese poet (b. 954)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15862, 48923918, 774012, 36209 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 31 ], [ 42, 46 ], [ 51, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 18 Gunhilda of Denmark, German queen ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16090, 9950248 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 15 Stephen I, king of Hungary", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1442, 29594, 879716 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 21 ], [ 31, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 1 Herman I, German nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21460, 11660448 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 3 Emma of Lesum, German noblewoman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8355, 1764569 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 20 Beorhtheah, bishop of Worcester", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8849, 13131370, 1692453 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 36, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Aethelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 145871, 1916875 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 27, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alice of Normandy, countess of Burgundy", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 29706602, 441670 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 32, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Tha'alibi, Persian historian (b. 961)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2286558, 36259 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 37, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Budic of Nantes, French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53739932 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ealdred, ealdorman of Bamburgh", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 7178700, 60554 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 23, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ermengol II (the Pilgrim), count of Urgell ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9906746, 106534 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 37, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Farrukhi Sistani, Persian poet (or 1037)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3618641, 40036 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Felix of Rhuys, Breton Benedictine abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14245619, 4240 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 24, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Habbus al-Muzaffar, Zirid ruler of Granada", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9151396, 15088597 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 36, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Herman IV, duke of Swabia (House of Babenberg)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4012859, 3196657, 40347 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 26 ], [ 28, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kyiso, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 25158498, 6688093 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 28, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ralph III (or Raoul), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 52802027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William VI, French nobleman (b. 1004)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 544545, 35903 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 33, 37 ] ] } ]

[ "1038" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "MBE may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Master of Bioethics", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Academic qualifications", "target_page_ids": [ 191941 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Master of Bioscience Enterprise", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Academic qualifications", "target_page_ids": [ 23969712 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Master of Business Engineering", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Academic qualifications", "target_page_ids": [ 37259455 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Master of Business Economics", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Academic qualifications", "target_page_ids": [ 8613151 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The Mid-Brunhes Event, a climatic change at around 430,000 years ago", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 34740056 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mode-based Execution Control, an x86 virtualization technology ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 31108829 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Model-based enterprise, a manufacturing strategy where a 3D model of a product is used to guide its life cycle", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 54409102 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Molecular-beam epitaxy, a thin-film crystal growth technique", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 450052 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Molecular Biology and Evolution, a journal", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 12368154 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Multi-band excitation, a series of speech coding standards", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 8120248 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Multibeam echosounder, a device used to map ocean floors", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Science and technology", "target_page_ids": [ 7125022 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "British honours", "target_page_ids": [ 212182 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mail Boxes Etc., a global chain of retail business service centers", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 684963 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Management by exception, a style of business management", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 20647618 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minority business enterprise, a classification of business", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 5425199 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Morning Becomes Eclectic, a radio program", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 2692960 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Multistate Bar Examination, an exam administered to most prospective American lawyers", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 64637601 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Monbetsu Airport's IATA code", "section_idx": 4, "section_name": "Other uses", "target_page_ids": [ 1023716 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mbe (disambiguation)", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "See also", "target_page_ids": [ 24403373 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ] ] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1039 (MXXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168880, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Helibo, Chinese nobleman and chieftain (d. 1092)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 12491627, 28978421, 42470 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 17, 25 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Yoshiie, Japanese samurai (d. 1106)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2344716, 28288, 42475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 31, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert de Stafford, Norman nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10746459 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sancho IV, king of Pamplona (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2580649, 693507 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 20, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Su Zhe, Chinese politician and historian (d. 1112)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 34844052, 36264 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vseslav of Polotsk, Kievan prince (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 940850 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 10 Odo (or Eudes), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20196, 544546 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 16 William III, count of Weimar and Eichsfeld", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1334, 41834733, 47198, 1626328 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 22 ], [ 33, 39 ], [ 44, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 27 Dirk III (or Theodoric), count of Holland", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19624, 3145322, 691057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 17 ], [ 43, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 4 Conrad II (the Elder), Holy Roman Emperor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19279145, 44399 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 20 Conrad II (the Younger), duke of Carinthia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15803, 4894571, 74817 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 19 ], [ 43, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 19 Fujiwara no Genshi, empress of Japan (b. 1016) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28147, 33812208, 15573, 36035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 33 ], [ 46, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 4 Hugh of Chalon, French bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21805, 18948586 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 27 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 29 Adalbero, German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21578, 4368401 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Nasr Mushkan, Persian statesman (or 1040)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 49715701, 34566 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, prince of Gwynedd", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2708355, 438748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 36, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nathar Shah, Tamil mystic and preacher (b. 969)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 34067947, 29174999, 35883 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 20, 26 ], [ 44, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Regimbald, German abbot and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16689797, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 19, 24 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Reginar V (or Régnier), French nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5285269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sophia I, German princess and abbess (b. 975)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 23571688, 1301, 50356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 31, 37 ], [ 42, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Unsuri, Persian poet and writer (or 1040)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3201844 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ] ] } ]

[ "1039" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1041 (MXLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 15 ], [ 23, 55 ], [ 101, 116 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ōe no Masafusa, Japanese poet (d. 1111)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4215998, 774012, 36279 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 26, 30 ], [ 35, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raymond IV (Saint-Gilles), French nobleman (d. 1105)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 157667, 28978421, 42474 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 35, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 4 Fujiwara no Kintō, Japanese poet (b. 966)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11359, 5586005, 35899 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 30 ], [ 50, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 10 Michael IV, Byzantine emperor (b. 1010) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8714, 74378, 36282 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 24 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Adolf II of Lotharingia, German nobleman (b. 1002)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5704476, 35901 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Akazome Emon, Japanese waka poet (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5836709, 34999845 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 24, 28 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eadwulf III, English ealdorman and High-Reeve", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3705433, 20446392 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 36, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Edmund of Durham (or Eadmund), English bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8400187 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gangeyadeva, Indian ruler of the Kalachuri Dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53162203, 50850244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 34, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mac Beathaidh mac Ainmire, Irish poet and Chief Ollam", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27374439, 27308370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 26 ], [ 43, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (b. 998)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6079572, 577843, 40027 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 25, 41 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar, Buyid emir", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 40962416 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter Delyan, Bulgarian rebel leader and ruler (tsar)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 30862815, 39879893 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sampiro, Spanish bishop, politician and intellectual ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22216567 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Tancred of Hauteville, Norman nobleman (b. 980)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 291495, 36438 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 44, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Vikramabahu (or Kassapa), king of Sri Lanka (b. 1017)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 12335393, 26750, 36287 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 35, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] } ]

[ "1041" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1042 (MXLII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168855, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bolesław II the Generous, king of Poland (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 29786942, 393229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 25 ], [ 35, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Canute IV (\"the Holy\"), king of Denmark (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 272723, 76972 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 33, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fujiwara no Morozane, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1101)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2204323, 28978421, 35348624, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 32, 40 ], [ 45, 51 ], [ 56, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gissur Ísleifsson, Icelandic clergyman and bishop (d. 1118)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10820425, 36270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Johannes of Jerusalem, French monk and abbot (d. 1119)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6199577, 1143, 36271 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 40, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Louis the Springer, German nobleman (d. 1123)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 37098870, 36045 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Minamoto no Yoshitsuna, Japanese samurai (d. 1134)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8571068, 28288, 40074 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 23 ], [ 34, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sancho V, king of Aragon and Pamplona (d. 1094)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 106495, 586776, 693507, 42471 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 25 ], [ 30, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 25 Abbad I, founder of the Abbadid Dynasty (b. 984)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15845, 630792, 49865, 36435 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 37, 52 ], [ 57, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 8 Harthacnut, king of Denmark and England", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15864, 40259, 407950 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 41, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 24 Michael V Kalaphates, Byzantine emperor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1629, 74379 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Anushtakin al-Dizbari, Fatimid governor of Aleppo", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 50911450, 159244 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 44, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pardos, Byzantine governor (catepan) of Italy", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6214543, 22604287, 1789517 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 29, 36 ], [ 41, 46 ] ] } ]

[ "1042" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1043 (MXLIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321295, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu Muhammad al-Baghawi, Persian hadith scholar (d. 1122)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6882832, 13749, 36042 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 24 ], [ 34, 40 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Áurea of San Millán, Spanish anchorite and saint (d. 1070)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4566276, 273424, 36293 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 39 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Fulk IV (\"the Quarreller\"), French nobleman (d. 1109)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 315854, 28978421, 42477 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 36, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Furong Daokai, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1118)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35463863, 30153241, 3267529, 36270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 24, 27 ], [ 28, 36 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Isaac ben Reuben Albargeloni, Spanish Jewish rabbi", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 7969102, 51273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 29 ], [ 46, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar), Spanish nobleman (d. 1099)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10076, 35159 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 14 Gisela of Swabia, Holy Roman Empress (b. 990)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10882, 8927305, 40021 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 30 ], [ 55, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 20 Alexios Stoudites, patriarch of Constantinople", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11025, 19417049, 5646 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 31 ], [ 46, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 26 Gonzalo Sánchez, Spanish nobleman (b. 1020)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15800, 3602268, 38733 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 25 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 26 Moses the Hungarian, Kievan Russian monk", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15892, 13985318 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 29 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin, Druze religious leader (b. 979)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36999772, 35933 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 51, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cathal mac Ruaidhri, king of Maigh Seóla (Ireland) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 24561484, 1450313, 147575 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 41 ], [ 43, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " George Maniakes, Byzantine general and governor", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 259114 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hallvard Vebjørnsson, Norwegian patron saint", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4297489, 68055 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 33, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hywel ab Owain, king of Glywysing (Wales)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2313171, 12252209, 69894 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 25, 34 ], [ 36, 41 ] ] } ]

[ "1043" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1044 (MXLIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311406, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 52 ], [ 60, 75 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abelard of Hauteville, Italo-Norman nobleman (d. 1081)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4440513, 28978421, 42463 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 37, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Trahaearn ap Caradog, king of Gwynedd (d. 1081)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2671966, 438748 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Władysław I Herman, duke of Poland (d. 1102)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 60749, 45367947, 42472 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 14 Adelaide I, abbess of Quedlinburg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16192, 23540265, 13830650 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 23 ], [ 35, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 19 Gothelo I (or Gozelo), duke of Lorraine ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2196, 2498483, 2776799 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 20 ], [ 42, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 6 Samuel Aba, palatine and king of Hungary", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15862, 2928652, 879716 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 19 ], [ 42, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 11 Sokkate, king of the Pagan Empire (b. 1001)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2192, 25158273, 6688093, 35900 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 19 ], [ 33, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 14 Thietmar of Hildesheim, German bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21762, 42668708 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri, Mu'tazilite faqih and theologian", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6213443, 1519201 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 36, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rajendra Chola I, emperor of the Chola Dynasty", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2126242, 3118873 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 34, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sharif al-Murtaza, Buyid Shia scholar (b. 965)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19700467, 26961, 47220 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 26, 30 ], [ 43, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Zhao Yuanyan, prince of the Song Dynasty (b. 985) ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 35245388, 56978, 48026 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 29, 41 ], [ 46, 49 ] ] } ]

[ "1044" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1046 (MXLVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 319725, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 8 Constance, queen of Castile and León (d. 1093)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19353, 178654, 750274, 336544, 36211 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 17 ], [ 28, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Afridun I (the Martyr), ruler (shah) of Shirvan (d. 1120) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 35747596, 64648, 877182, 36272 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 36 ], [ 41, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernard of Thiron, founder of the Order of Tiron (d. 1117)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27965679, 1617678, 36269 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 35, 49 ], [ 54, 58 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ingegerd, queen of Denmark and Sweden (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 16792476, 76972, 5058739 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 20, 27 ], [ 32, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Leo Marsicanus (or Ostiensis), Italian cardinal (d. 1115)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4628355, 6221, 36267 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 40, 48 ], [ 53, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Masud Sa'd Salman, Persian poet and writer (d. 1121)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3619582, 462477, 36273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 28, 32 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matilda, margravine of Tuscany (d. 1115)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 20188, 21967242, 36267 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 24, 31 ], [ 36, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 24 Eckard II (or Ekkehard), German nobleman (b. 985)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15954, 4459560, 28978421, 48026 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 45, 53 ], [ 58, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 26 Fujiwara no Sanesuke, Japanese nobleman (b. 957)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11141, 5581815, 49144 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 34 ], [ 58, 61 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 24 Jeongjong II, king of Goryeo (b. 1018)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15812, 4957017, 188435, 36288 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 32, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " July 18 Elijah, bishop of Beth Nuhadra (b. 975)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16090, 52815396, 24040261, 50356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 16 ], [ 28, 40 ], [ 45, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Art Uallach Ua Ruairc, king of Connacht", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 26530903, 74200 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 32, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bystrík (or Bestricus), Hungarian bishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4160225 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eido II (or Egidius), bishop of Meissen (or 1045)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 52852869, 40674, 36689 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 33, 40 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Geoffrey II, count of Gâtinais (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 34781741, 5051487 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 23, 31 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerard of Csanád, Hungarian missionary-bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1904123 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gothelo II, duke of Lower Lorraine (b. 1008)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4496212, 2776799, 35907 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 21, 35 ], [ 40, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Lyfing of Winchester, English abbot and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 98117, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 31, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Oliba, Spanish count, abbot and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4168989 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Richard of Verdun, French abbot (b. 970)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 14775996, 50440 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 37, 40 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " William I (Iron Arm), Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2448329 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] } ]

[ "1046" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1047 (MXLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321344, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 17 ], [ 25, 57 ], [ 103, 118 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 28 Sunjong, ruler of Goryeo (d. 1083)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 8198, 4957247, 188435, 42465 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 32, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cai Jing, Chinese official and calligrapher (d. 1126)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2824031, 1119765, 36275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 32, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh d'Avranches, Norman nobleman (d. 1101)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 297534, 28978421, 36301 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 26, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Qingshui, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (d. 1101)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 31809458, 34044035 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 19, 32 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Simon de Crépy, French nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5801792 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Wyszesława, duchess of Poland (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 24246812, 393229 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 24, 30 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xiang, empress regent of the Song Dynasty (d. 1102)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 33558260, 35348624, 56978, 42472 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 16, 22 ], [ 30, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Yi Zong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (d. 1068)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2589073, 58495, 36692 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 27, 38 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 16 Poppo, archbishop of Trier", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15935, 7577596, 15008891 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 15 ], [ 31, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 29 Ælfwine, bishop of Winchester", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1793, 13117936, 1428326 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 19 ], [ 31, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 7 Otto II, duke of Swabia", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27949, 4185070, 3196657 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 31, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 Clement II, pope of the Catholic Church", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 24099, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 22 ], [ 36, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 16 Henry VII, German nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22556, 4541030, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 31, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 25 Magnus I (the Good), king of Norway", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22333, 66279, 47392864 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 21 ], [ 42, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Æthelstan of Abingdon, English abbot (or 1048)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2768701, 1143, 40046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 32, 37 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gerard Flaitel, Norman nobleman and knight", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36793127 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Godgifu, daughter of Æthelred the Unready", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1221362, 10083 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 22, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Grimketel, English clergyman and bishop", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2767105 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Humbert I, founder of the House of Savoy (or 1048)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 66127, 69842, 40046 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 27, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Levente, Hungarian nobleman (House of Árpád)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3686078, 549494 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 30, 44 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Miecław (or Miesław), Polish nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1357730 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Nripa Kama II, Indian king (Hoysala Empire)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6834295, 37522 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ], [ 29, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Raymond III, count of Pallars Jussà", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 41905915, 12111356 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 23, 36 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rodulfus Glaber, French chronicler (b. 985)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 5737016, 7507, 48026 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 25, 34 ], [ 40, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Stephen II, count of Troyes and Meaux", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 9809275, 101607, 10328192 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 22, 28 ], [ 33, 38 ] ] } ]

[ "1047" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1048 (MXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321374, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 18 ], [ 26, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 18 Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician and poet (d. 1131)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19389, 92550, 3304216, 40071 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 21 ], [ 31, 44 ], [ 58, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 25 Shen Zong, emperor of the Song Dynasty (d. 1085)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19354, 442871, 56978, 42466 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 35, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Alexios I (Komnenos), Byzantine emperor (d. 1118)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 1613, 36270 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 45, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Arwa al-Sulayhi, queen and co-ruler of Yemen (d. 1138)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4191732, 350939, 40077 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 40, 45 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Domnall Ua Lochlainn, High King of Ireland (d. 1121)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2156632, 147575, 36273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 36, 43 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Harding of Bristol, English sheriff reeve (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 32427486, 1484891 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 29, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Magnus II (Haraldsson), king of Norway (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 179847, 47392864 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 33, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Matilda of Germany, duchess of Swabia (d. 1060)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 57495655, 3196657, 36292 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 32, 38 ], [ 43, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter I, Italian nobleman (House of Savoy) (d. 1078)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 68865, 28978421, 69842, 36038 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 18, 26 ], [ 28, 42 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami, Persian Sufi writer and poet (d. 1141)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18396406, 28246, 34975 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 30, 34 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Turgot of Durham, Scottish bishop (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 156025 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 25 Poppo, abbot of Stavelot-Malmedy (b. 977)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15845, 16481685, 22323096, 50306 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 18 ], [ 29, 45 ], [ 50, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 1 Minamoto no Yorinobu, Japanese samurai (b. 968)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15856, 2612861, 28288, 36436 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 29 ], [ 40, 47 ], [ 52, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 7 Berno of Reichenau, German abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15795, 9693213, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 27 ], [ 36, 41 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " August 9 Damasus II, pope of the Catholic Church", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 1027, 67385, 606848 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 21 ], [ 35, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 11 Adalbert, duke of Upper Lorraine (b. 1000)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21447, 655700, 49149, 34876 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 22 ], [ 32, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 9 Al-Biruni, Persian scholar and polymath (b. 973)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8589, 271975, 25121, 50309 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 22 ], [ 44, 52 ], [ 57, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Æthelstan of Abingdon, English abbot (or 1047)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2768701, 40045 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 22 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cenn Fáelad Ua Cúill, Irish poet and Chief Ollam", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 27375130, 27308370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 21 ], [ 38, 49 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Humbert I, founder of the House of Savoy (or 1047)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 66127, 40045 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jing Zong, Chinese empress of Western Xia (b. 1003)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2589286, 58495, 35902 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 31, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Mael Fabhaill Ua hEidhin, king of Hy Fiachrach", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 26704949, 1435651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 0, 24 ], [ 34, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rainulf II (Trincanocte), Italo-Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 4157616 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] } ]

[ "1048" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1049 (MXLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 168851, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 16 ], [ 24, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 9 Seonjong, king of Goryeo (d. 1094)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 22549, 4957174, 188435, 42471 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 20 ], [ 30, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Godelieve, Flemish saint (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 9678262 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hermann II, count palatine of Lotharingia (d. 1085)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 5663571, 183853, 42466 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 31, 42 ], [ 47, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " John Theristus, Italian Benedictine monk (d. 1129)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 23524947, 419369, 36278 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 37, 41 ], [ 46, 50 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Li Gonglin, Chinese painter and antiquarian (d. 1106)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2833443, 149685, 42475 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 33, 44 ], [ 49, 53 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Peter de Honestis, Italian monk (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6107658 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Saw Lu, king of the Pagan Kingdom (d. 1084)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 10366349, 6688093, 36040 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 21, 34 ], [ 39, 43 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rhiryd ap Bleddyn, king of Powys (d. 1088)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 6888341, 629082, 36281 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 28, 33 ], [ 38, 42 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 1 Odilo of Cluny, French Benedictine abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15787, 5302095, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 26 ], [ 47, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 12 Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr, Persian Sufi poet (b. 967)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16112, 2952648, 28246, 35898 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ], [ 43, 47 ], [ 57, 60 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 13 Dirk IV, count of Friesland west of the Vlie", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 16191, 3145318, 691057 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 31, 57 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 1 Ermesinda of Bigorre, queen of Aragon (b. 1015)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8357, 29004941, 586776, 36286 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 33 ], [ 44, 50 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Airlangga, Indonesian ruler (raja) of Kahuripan ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 6543720, 372447, 38914979 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 30, 34 ], [ 39, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Eustace I, count of Boulogne (House of Flanders)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 266394, 681741, 28563337 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 21, 29 ], [ 31, 48 ] ] } ]

[ "1049" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Ross Powers (born February 10, 1979) is an American world champion halfpipe snowboarder from South Londonderry, Vermont, director of the snowboarding program at the Stratton Mountain School in Stratton, Vermont and a philanthropist.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 297972, 38957, 6444212, 137442 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 67, 75 ], [ 76, 87 ], [ 93, 119 ], [ 193, 210 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Though he originally rode at Stratton Mountain, Vermont, his home mountain is now Okemo, Vermont. Powers helps with the design of the Superpipe and also helped design the RossCross Family Terrain Park. Powers also runs a snowboard camp through Okemo. He led the U.S. sweep in the 2002 Winter Olympics men's halfpipe competition, one day after his 23rd birthday. This is the first time the Americans have swept a Winter Olympic event since the men's figure skaters in 1956. Powers, with a score of 46.1, dominated the competition.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 30936297, 3316624, 4011021, 39644 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 29, 46 ], [ 82, 87 ], [ 134, 143 ], [ 280, 327 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "During his final run, Powers dropped in and aired out with an 18-foot method grab (a world record at that time), and followed up with two McTwists, a cab 720 indy grab, a frontside 720 indy grab and a switch frontside air.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 4790573, 4736421, 82370 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 70, 81 ], [ 138, 145 ], [ 158, 167 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "He regularly competes in such events as the US and European Opens of Snowboarding, the Vans Triple Crown (now known simply as the Vans Cup), and the X-Games. During the 2004/2005 season, Ross won the Mt. Bachelor Grand Prix event and went on to be the overall champion for the series.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 207642 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 149, 156 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2007 Powers shifted gears and returned to racing in snowboard cross. He had his first world cup podium in that discipline in February 2009 at Sunday River, Maine, and again in December 2009 at Telluride, Colorado.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 25855820, 20642444, 8040000 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 55, 70 ], [ 145, 157 ], [ 196, 205 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2010 Powers narrowly missed earning a spot on the US Olympic Team for snowboard cross. He finished the season with his SBX World Cup rank at 11th.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In April 2010 Powers was named director of the snowboarding program at The Stratton Mountain School (SMS), in Vermont. Powers is a 1997 graduate of SMS. His current snowboard sponsor is RAMP Sports.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 27113346 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 75, 99 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Powers resides in Stratton, Vermont, with his wife Marisa and daughters, Victoria and Meredith.", "section_idx": 1, "section_name": "Career", "target_page_ids": [ 137442 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 18, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Powers is a playable character in the video game Shaun Palmer's Pro Snowboarder. and the video game Cool Boarders 4.", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Video game appearances", "target_page_ids": [ 9160125 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 49, 79 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "In 2001 Powers founded the non-profit Ross Powers Foundation, a philanthropic organization that is dedicated to providing financial aid to promising athletes from all economic backgrounds. In 2010, the Foundation provided assistance to a number of up-and-coming snowboarders.", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "In 2010 The Ross Powers Foundation teamed up with Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps and formed the Level Field Fund, a non-profit organization with the mission statement: \"The Level Field Fund strives to bridge gaps in funding for uniquely talented athletes, following the belief that opportunities to pursue excellence in sport should not be limited by an athlete's financial situation.\"", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Philanthropy", "target_page_ids": [ 19084502 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 72, 86 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Off the Podium website", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ross Powers Foundation", "section_idx": 5, "section_name": "External links", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] } ]

[ "1979_births", "Living_people", "People_from_Bennington,_Vermont", "American_male_snowboarders", "Sportspeople_from_Vermont", "People_from_Windsor_County,_Vermont", "Snowboarders_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "Snowboarders_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics", "Medalists_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "Medalists_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics", "Olympic_gold_medalists_for_the_United_States_in_snowboarding", "Olympic_bronze_medalists_for_the_United_States_in_snowboarding", "X_Games_athletes" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1051 (MLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 311439, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 14 ], [ 22, 53 ], [ 99, 114 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " September 21 Bertha of Savoy, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1087)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 27532, 9720673, 35069 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 13 ], [ 15, 30 ], [ 55, 59 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys (d. 1111)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3309875, 629082, 36279 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 31, 36 ], [ 41, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Edgar Ætheling, uncrowned king of England (d. c. 1126) ", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 54218, 407950, 36275 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 35, 42 ], [ 50, 54 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert II (Curthose), duke of Normandy (d. 1134)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 60213, 379489, 40074 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 31, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Mi Fu, Chinese painter, poet and calligrapher (d. 1107)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2866681, 1119765, 38339 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 34, 46 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " January 22 Ælfric Puttoc, archbishop of York", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15940, 3362795, 2321009 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 26 ], [ 42, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " February 28 Humfrid, archbishop of Magdeburg", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11311, 11794975, 258684 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 21 ], [ 37, 46 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 14 Gerard I, bishop of Cambrai", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 20199, 24730209, 3062015 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 19 ], [ 31, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 25 Hugh IV, count of Maine ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19773, 10559631, 316560 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 18 ], [ 29, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " April 27 Fulk Bertrand I, count of Provence", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2326, 7536292, 48503 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 11, 26 ], [ 37, 45 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " November 7 Rotho, bishop of Paderborn", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 21667, 14225892, 4626518 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ], [ 13, 18 ], [ 30, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bardo, German abbot and archbishop ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 17105124, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 15, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bernard, margrave of the Nordmark", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 11701648, 496924 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 26, 34 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Bi Sheng, Chinese artisan and inventor (b. 990)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 666391, 40021 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ], [ 44, 47 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Drogo of Hauteville, Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2448386, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ], [ 29, 37 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jordan of Laron, bishop of Limoges", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 28529182, 5310082 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ], [ 28, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Kálfr Árnason, Norwegian chieftain", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 37701550 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Ralph de Gacé, Norman nobleman", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 36800177 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 14 ] ] } ]

[ "1051" ]

[]

[ { "plaintext": "Year 1052 (MLII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25657, 321387, 15651 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 11, 15 ], [ 23, 54 ], [ 100, 115 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 23 Philip I (the Amorous), king of France (d. 1108)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 19655, 78436, 376974, 42476 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 9, 17 ], [ 41, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Agnes of Aquitaine, countess of Savoy (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 29227554, 27885 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ], [ 33, 38 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Conrad II (the Child), duke of Bavaria (d. 1055)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 4688951, 1463463, 36290 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 32, 39 ], [ 44, 48 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Dirk V, count of Friesland (west of the Vlie) (d. 1091)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 3115009, 691057, 2120946, 42469 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 18, 27 ], [ 41, 45 ], [ 51, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Gleb Svyatoslavich, Kievan prince (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 18116427 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 19 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Jón Ögmundsson, Icelandic bishop and saint (d. 1121)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 2155716, 36273 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 15 ], [ 48, 52 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Robert of Bellême, Norman nobleman (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 604950, 28978421 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 18 ], [ 27, 35 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Roman Svyatoslavich, Kievan prince (approximate date)", "section_idx": 2, "section_name": "Births", "target_page_ids": [ 42116977 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " March 6 Emma of Normandy, queen of England, Denmark and Norway (b. 984)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19865, 40236, 407950, 76972, 47392864, 36435 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 26 ], [ 37, 44 ], [ 46, 53 ], [ 58, 64 ], [ 69, 72 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " May 6 Boniface III, Italian prince and margrave (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 19514, 4491997 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " June 19 Fan Zhongyan, chancellor of the Song Dynasty (b. 989)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15817, 2048621, 56978, 48023 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 10, 22 ], [ 42, 54 ], [ 59, 62 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " October 4 Vladimir Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1020)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 22454, 40590, 585629, 38733 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 12, 32 ], [ 50, 54 ], [ 59, 63 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " December 14 Aaron Scotus, Irish abbot and musician", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 8851, 9514296, 1143 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ], [ 14, 26 ], [ 34, 39 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Amadeus I, count of Savoy (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 68845, 27885 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 10 ], [ 21, 26 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Guaimar IV, Italian nobleman (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3230398 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Halinard, French archbishop (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 15886544 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 9 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Hugh II, count of Ponthieu (also lord of Abbeville)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 3051110, 474894, 19322926 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 8 ], [ 19, 27 ], [ 42, 51 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pandulf III, Lombard prince (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53925604 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 12 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Pandulf of Capaccio, Lombard nobleman (assassinated)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 52580504 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Rodulf, Norman missionary bishop and abbot", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2769079, 4525847 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 7 ], [ 16, 33 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Sweyn Godwinson (or Swein), English nobleman ", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 2700505 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 16 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xu Daoning, Chinese painter (approximate date)", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 10609010 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 11 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " Xuedou Chongxian, Chinese Buddhist monk", "section_idx": 3, "section_name": "Deaths", "target_page_ids": [ 53995528, 3267529 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 1, 17 ], [ 27, 35 ] ] } ]

[ "1052" ]

[]