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1839_11 | next night Gilmore's 23 led homestanding Kentucky to a 125-107 win against the Denver Nuggets in front of 6,576 fans. |
1839_12 | December 21 saw the Colonels win before 5,807 fans at home against the Memphis Sounds, 115-98; Caldwell Jones had 26 points. The next night Kentucky won another home game, this time against the Indiana Pacers 118-110 despite George McGinnis' 35 points in front of 7,606 fans. On December 26 the Colonels faced the Pacers again, and this time Kentucky lost on the road 122-111 as Billy Keller had 33 points before 10,064 fans. The Colonels returned to Louisville on December 29 and defeated the Memphis Sounds 125-114 before 8,711 fans despite Tom Owens' 37 points. The next night the Colonels closed out the month and the calendar year by winning on the road, defeating the Virginia Squires 104-85 behind Artis Gilmore's 26 points.
Kentucky went 8-5 in December to bring their record for the season to 23-10. They moved into 1975 without Red Robbins, who had been sold to the Virginia Squires. |
1839_13 | January 1975
The Colonels opened 1975 on January 3 with a home win against the Virginia Squires, 113-79, before 7,945 fans. The next night at home Kentucky defeated the San Antonio Spurs 123-111; 10,268 fans saw Dan Issel lead all scorers with 36. The next night the Colonels lost on the road to the Spirits of St. Louis 109-106. January 8 saw the Colonels, paced by Artis Gilmore's 26, win before 14,203 fans at home against the Virginia Squires 113-96. The next night, the Colonels won on the road against the Spirits of St. Louis, 123-116. St. Louis' Marvin Barnes led all scorers with 29, but Kentucky's Artis Gilmore had 28 points, 20 rebounds and 8 blocked shots. |
1839_14 | On January 11 the Colonels won on the road against the Utah Stars 95-89; Artis Gilmore and Ron Boone each scored 28. On January 14 the Colonels lost a road game to the Denver Nuggets 118-99. The next night in Norfolk the Colonels defeated the Virginia Squires 108-102. On January 15 the Colonels sold John Roche to the Utah Stars. On January 17 Kentucky lost a road game to the New York Nets 108-93; Julius Erving scored 40 points before 12,133 fans. January 19 saw Kentucky win at home against the Denver Nuggets 114-101; Artis Gilmore led all scorers with 34 points in front of 7,712 fans. On January 22 the Colonels won before a home crowd of 7,971; Artis Gilmore led the way with 23 as Kentucky beat the Memphis Sounds 114-91. |
1839_15 | On January 23 Kentucky won at home against the San Diego Conquistadors 113-109; 6,383 fans saw Caldwell Jones lead all scorers with 39. The next night the Colonels lost on the road to the New York Nets 112-110 as Julius Erving scored 42 points before 12,329 fans. On January 26 the Colonels won their next road game, against the Memphis Sounds, 108-104 in overtime.
On January 28 Louie Dampier, Dan Issel and Artis Gilmore represented Kentucky in the ABA All-Star Game in San Antonio. Their East team defeated the West 151-124. Kentucky closed out the month on January 31 with a 134-104 home win against the Spirits of St. Louis; 9,884 fans saw Artis Gilmore lead all scorers with 37 points as he went 15 of 17 from the floor and 7 of 7 from the free throw line.
The Colonels went 11-4 in January to bring their record for the season to 34-14 (.708).
February 1975 |
1839_16 | On February 2 Kentucky won before a home crowd of 8,374, defeating the Utah Stars 96-86. On February 5 Kentucky won at home 118-97 against the Spirits of St. Louis; Artis Gilmore put in 26 points before 8,122 fans. February 7 saw the Colonels win a close one on the road against the San Diego Conquistadors, 115-114; Louie Dampier led all scorers with 26 before a typically small San Diego crowd of 2,836. The next night in Salt Lake City Kentucky defeated the Utah Stars 90-87; attendance was 12,441. The following night at home Kentucky defeated the Stars 112-95; 7,988 saw Dan Issel lead all scorers with 30. On February 12 the Colonels won on the road, defeating the San Antonio Spurs 112-100 as George Gervin led all scorers with 31 before 7,739 fans. With Kentucky's next road game their six-game win streak came to an end with a loss on February 15 as the Denver Nuggets won 109-107 as a crowd of 7,494 saw Artis Gilmore score 37. The next night in San Diego the Colonels fell in overtime to |
1839_17 | the Conquistadors 133-128; Bo Lamar led all scorers with 40 points before 2,759 fans. |
1839_18 | February 18 saw Kentucky win on the road against the Virginia Squires 121-104; Artis Gilmore and Red Robbins led all scorers with 29 points each. The next night in Louisville the Colonels downed the Spirits of St. Louis 114-107; Dan Issel had a game-high 37 before 7,623 fans. On February 21 the Colonels lost at home to the San Diego Conquistadors 110-108; 8,411 fans saw Bo Lamar and Wil Jones lead all scorers with 21 each. Another loss came the following night on the San Antonio Spurs' home court; Dan Issel put in 31 but the Spurs won 110-108 before 7,764 fans. The next night Kentucky dropped another road game, this time 109-107 before 7,429 Denver Nuggets fans despite Artis Gilmore's 27 points. The next evening, in their fourth game in four days, the Colonels won at home 109-87 against the Memphis Sounds; 5,284 saw Artis Gilmore score 33. After a one-day break Kentucky returned to action on February 26 with a 101-99 home win against the Indiana Pacers; 9,884 fans saw the Colonels |
1839_19 | overcome George McGinnis' 43 points. |
1839_20 | Kentucky went 10-5 in February to move their season mark to 44-19 (.698).
March 1975
The Colonels opened March at home against the New York Nets, winning 95-84 behind Dan Issel's 29 points as 16,188 fans watched. The next night in Louisville the San Antonio Spurs defeated the Colonels 103-98 despite Artis Gilmore's 35 points and a home crowd of 9,463 fans. March 5 saw the Colonels lose on the road to the Indianapolis Pacers 103-90 as 10,719 saw Gilmore and Darnell Hillman each score 33 for their team. On March 7 the Colonels won on the road against the Virginia Squires 107-95; Gilmore scored 35 before 3,047 fans in Hampton Roads. The next night the Colonels won at home against the New York Nets as Gilmore scored 26 before 13,691 fans. The next night, March 9, saw a 103-92 road loss to the Spirits of St. Louis as 4,919 Spirits fans saw Maurice Lucas score 30. |
1839_21 | On March 12 the Colonels took the floor as the home team in Lexington, Kentucky, against the Denver Nuggets; 6,488 fans saw the Colonels prevail 108-103 as Artis Gilmore scored 30 points with 15 field goals. On March 14 the Colonels lost on the road to the Memphis Sounds 103-100 as Dan Issel scored 28 before 6,703 fans. The following night in San Diego the Colonels defeated the Conquistadors 113-98 as Caldwell Jones scored 26 before 2,602 spectators. On March 16 the Colonels lost in overtime on the road to the Denver Nuggets 128-125; attendance was 7,398. March 19 saw the Colonels lose on the road to the Utah Stars 100-92; 7,543 attended. |
1839_22 | On March 21 the Colonels lost on the road to the New York Nets 115-101; 13,458 saw Julius Erving score 37 points. On March 23 the Colonels returned home and defeated the Spirits of St. Louis 121-110 despite Marvin Barnes scoring 36 points before 7,493 fans. On March 24 the Colonels returned to Lexington and defeated the Utah Stars 99-84 as 7,288 fans saw both Issel and Gilmore score 22 points each. On March 26 the Colonels scored a road win against the New York Nets, prevailing 103-102 despite Julius Erving scoring 37 points before the New York crowd of 8,768. On March 28 the Colonels won on the road 110-88 against the Virginia Squires; 5,703 attended in Norfolk as Artis Gilmore put in 28. The following night Dan Issel scored 38 points in Freedom Hall before 11,874 fans as the Colonels beat the New York Nets 126-95. On March 30 in Memphis both Artis Gilmore and the Sounds' George Carter each had 32 points as the Colonels defeated the Memphis Sounds in overtime, 113-109, before 4,081 |
1839_23 | fans. The next night in Lexington the Colonels defeated the San Antonio Spurs 103-88 as Artis Gilmore put in 36 points before 4,487 fans. |
1839_24 | The Colonels went 12-5 in March to improve their season mark to 56-26. The Colonels ended the month in a tie with the New York Nets for first place in the Eastern Division.
April 1975
On April 2 6,966 fans came to Freedom Hall to watch the Colonels dispatch the Virginia Squires 88-81. The next night the Colonels won on the road before 5,587 fans against the Memphis Sounds, 103-93.
The Colonels and the New York Nets finished the season tied for first place in the Eastern Division with identical records of 58-26. Although the Colonels had defeated the Nets 6 times to the Nets' 5 wins against the Colonels, a one-game playoff to determine first place in the Eastern Division was scheduled.
Playoffs
One game playoff for first place in the Eastern Division |
1839_25 | The Colonels and the New York Nets met in Louisville's Freedom Hall on April 4 for a one-game playoff to determine which of the two teams tied for first place in the Eastern Division would claim first place. 13,672 attended. Julius Erving scored 34 points for the Nets; Artis Gilmore grabbed 33 rebounds for Kentucky. The Colonels won, 108-99, and moved on to face the fourth place Memphis Sounds in the Eastern Division semifinals as the Nets went against the third place Spirits of St. Louis.
Eastern Division Semifinals |
1839_26 | The Colonels hosted the fourth place Memphis Sounds in Game 1 of their Eastern Division semifinals series on April 6. Kentucky won 98-91 behind Artis Gilmore's 25 points. In Game 2 on April 8 the host Colonels defeated the Sounds 119-105 as Kentucky's Louie Dampier scored 23. On April 10 Game 3 saw the Colonels prevail 101-80 in Memphis as 5,414 fans saw Tom Owens lead all scorers with 33. Kentucky took a 3-0 margin into Game 4 in Memphis on April 11 but the Sounds stayed alive with a 107-93 win in front of 4,771 fans despite Dan Issel's 26 points. Game 5 was played in Louisville on April 13 and the Colonels won the game and the series as Artis Gilmore's 33 points powered Kentucky to a 111-99 win.
Eastern Division Semifinals
Colonels win series, 4–1
Eastern Division finals |
1839_27 | The Spirits of St. Louis had finished the regular season in third place in the Eastern Division 26 games behind the Nets and Colonels with a record of 32-52. The Nets had claimed Game 1 in their Eastern Division Semifinals series against the Spirits but St. Louis had roared back to reel off four straight wins to advance against the favored Nets, claiming the spot against the Colonels in the Eastern Division semifinals.
Game 1 of the Eastern Division semifinals was played in Louisville on April 21. Kentucky won 112-99 despite Freddie Lewis' 35 points. Game 2 on April 23 saw the Colonels win at home 108-103 despite Marvin Barnes' 43 points. |
1839_28 | The series then moved to St. Louis on April 25. The Spirits had lagged in attendance all season but outdrew the Colonels' first two crowds in the series as 10,142 showed up for Game 3. Freddie Lewis scored 32 points and St. Louis defeated Kentucky 103-97. Game 4 saw Artis Gilmore lead all scorers with 33 as the Colonels beat the Spirits 117-98 before 11,688 fans on April 27.
The Spirits and Colonels met for Game 5 in Louisville on April 28. Kentucky's crowd of 8,726 was less than either of the two St. Louis crowds, and Marvin Barnes scored 35 points for the Spirits. Kentucky still won 123-103 and the Colonels advanced to the ABA Finals for the third time.
Eastern Division Finals
Colonels win series, 4–1
ABA Finals |
1839_29 | The Denver Nuggets had won the ABA Western Division with the league's best record at 65-19. After dispatching the Utah Stars in the Western Division semifinals the Nuggets had faced the Indiana Pacers in the Western Division Finals after the Pacers eliminated the San Antonio Spurs in the Western Division semifinals. In a hard fought series that went the distance the Pacers had edged the Nuggets in Game 7 of the Western Division finals to return to the ABA Finals for the fifth time. The Pacers had won two of the past three ABA Championships, including edging out the Colonels 4 games to 3 in the 1973 Finals. |
1839_30 | On May 13 the Pacers and Colonels met in Freedom Hall for Game 1. 14,368 fans attended and despite George McGinnis' 35 points the Colonels won 120-94. Two nights later the Colonels took Game 2 95-93 despite McGinnis' 30 points. A three-point field goal attempt by the Pacers at the end of the game had been ruled to have been released after the buzzer. Kentucky took a 2-0 advantage to Indianapolis.
On May 17 the Colonels took a commanding 3-0 lead in the series by winning Game 3 in Indianapolis 109-101. 17,388 fans saw Artis Gilmore play a remarkable game as he finished the night with 41 points and 28 rebounds. 2 nights later, the Pacers rebounded to win Game 4 94-86. Dan Issel had 26 points in front of 14,589 fans and the Colonels returned to Louisville with a 3-1 edge in the series. |
1839_31 | On May 22 Kentucky and Indiana met in Louisville for Game 5. Billy Knight scored 40 points for the Pacers in front of 16,622 fans; the effort was not enough as the Colonels won 110-105 to claim the 1975 ABA Championship. Artis Gilmore was named the Most Valuable Player of the championship series.
ABA Finals
Colonels win series, 4–1
Player statistics
Legend
Season
Playoffs
Awards and records
Awards
Louie Dampier, ABA All Star Game
Artis Gilmore, All-ABA First Team
Artis Gilmore, ABA All Star Game
Artis Gilmore, Most Valuable Player, ABA Finals
Artis Gilmore, ABA All-Defensive Team
Dan Issel, ABA All Star Game
Records
Artis Gilmore, most minutes played, 1974–75 season (3,493)
Transactions
Draft and preseason signings
May 1974: the Colonels purchased Ted McClain from the Carolina Cougars
June 1974: the Colonels signed Wil Jones
Trades |
1839_32 | June 1974: the Colonels trade a draft choice and cash to the San Antonio Spurs for Bird Averitt
August 27, 1974: the Colonels traded the rights to Al Eberhard to the Denver Nuggets for Marv Roberts
December 1974: Red Robbins sold to the Virginia Squires
January 15, 1975: John Roche sold to the Utah Stars
Legacy |
1839_33 | Hubie Brown, the 1974–75 Colonels coach, was named NBA Coach of the Year two different times and went on to the Hall of Fame. Brown was a coach with the 1973–74 Milwaukee Bucks, which made the 1974 NBA Finals with future Hall of Famers Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Oscar Robertson and lost in seven games to a legendary Boston Celtics championship team. Brown was also head coach of the Atlanta Hawks, New York Knicks (with Patrick Ewing) and Memphis Grizzlies. Of the 1975–75 Kentucky Colonels, Brown said: "The 1975 Kentucky Colonels were the best team I have ever coached. No other team has even come close. They were just a great, great team because they had perimeter scoring in Dampier and Issel, they had Gilmore at the low box. Teddy McClain could guard anybody in either league. Gene Littles was a hell of a defensive player. Wil Jones and Marv Roberts combined for over 20 points a game and we never ran any plays for them . . . . We went 22-3 in the last 25 games of the season and 12-3 in the |
1839_34 | playoffs." |
1839_35 | Colonels owner John Y. Brown, Jr. challenged the NBA champion Golden State Warriors to play the Colonels, offering to pay the NBA $1 million if the Warriors could defeat the Colonels. The Warriors and NBA declined. However, the two teams did meet on October 8, 1975, at Freedom Hall in Louisville. The Colonels won the matchup of the league champions, 93-90.
References
Colonels on Basketball Reference
External links
RememberTheABA.com 1974-75 regular season and playoff results
RememberTheABA.com Kentucky Colonels page
Kentucky
American Basketball Association championship seasons
Kentucky Colonels seasons
Kentucky Colonels, 1974-75
Kentucky Colonels, 1974-75 |
1840_0 | Tyrone Anthony Wheatley Sr. (born January 19, 1972) is an American football coach and former player who is the running backs coach of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). Previously, he served as the head coach at Morgan State University. He played professionally as a running back for 10 seasons in the NFL. |
1840_1 | In high school, Wheatley was named Michigan's athlete of the year in both football and track and field. He attended the University of Michigan and earned first-team All-Big Ten Conference honors on Big Ten Champion football and track teams. He ranks among the Wolverines' all-time rushing leaders in numerous categories, and his name appears in several places in the Big Ten football record book. He was named to All-Big Ten teams in football and track and field a total of four times, and he earned portions of seven Big Ten championships (two team awards for football, one team award for indoor track, one award for 110 meter hurdles, and three awards for individual football statistical performances). |
1840_2 | Following his graduation from the University of Michigan, Wheatley was selected by the New York Giants of the NFL in the first round of the 1995 NFL Draft. He was traded to the Miami Dolphins, but cut before the 1999 season began. He signed with the Oakland Raiders and led the team in rushing three times, and twice finishing among the NFL's top ten players in rushing touchdowns. During his NFL career (1995–2004), he totaled over 6,500 all-purpose yards as a running back and kickoff returner.
After retiring from the NFL, Wheatley returned to his hometown to coach his high school alma mater, Dearborn Heights' Hamilton J. Robichaud High School. He has served as the running backs coach for the Ohio Northern Polar Bears, the Eastern Michigan Eagles, the Syracuse Orange and the Michigan Wolverines on college; and for the Buffalo Bills and the Jacksonville Jaguars of the NFL. |
1840_3 | Early life
Wheatley was born in Inkster, Michigan. Wheatley's father (also named Tyrone) suffered a mortal gunshot wound to the head in 1974 when Wheatley was two years old. Wheatley's stepfather died of a heart attack when he was 13, leaving behind Wheatley, his sister, and half-brother, two-year-old Leslie Mongo. Shortly afterward, Wheatley's mother, Patricia, was laid off and became an alcoholic. With the effective loss of his two parents, Wheatley and his sister were forced to move in with an aunt, where he lived through the rest of his childhood. Due to family difficulties, Wheatley acts as the guardian of two cousins and his half brother. Mongo was ten years younger than Wheatley, and graduated from high school in New Jersey in 2004—thirteen years after Wheatley had graduated from high school. |
1840_4 | Wheatley was involved in competitive athletics from an early age: In his youth, he ran competitively with the Penn Park track team, where, as an eight-year-old, he stood out for his discipline and promptness. Because of his family trouble, he assumed a family leadership role at a relatively young age. Wheatley made it clear to his brothers and sisters that when chaos came to their lives, they should to turn to him because he would be there and he would never fall. When he was in high school, he would take his younger siblings to basketball games, mapping out emergency plans for shooting outbreaks or brawls. Wheatley's guardianship continued throughout his career at the University of Michigan and while he was a professional athlete. While playing in the NFL, he realized that leaving Mongo—the youngest of his siblings—in Inkster and merely providing financial support was not a solution because Mongo was still exposed to gang shootings. As Mongo's guardian, Wheatley moved Mongo to New |
1840_5 | Jersey for school. Mongo later earned outstanding freshman athlete honors during the Bergen County, New Jersey outdoor track championships while living with Wheatley, who was playing for the Giants at the time. In 2004, with his graduation from high school imminent, Mongo signed a letter of intent with Utah State as a defensive back. |
1840_6 | Athletics
High school
Wheatley attended Hamilton J. Robichaud High School in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, a neighboring municipality of Inkster. During his time at Robichaud High School, he became a nine-time MHSAA state champion (seven-time individual in track and field, one-time team each in track and field and football). He is among the highest-scoring football players in Michigan high school history, and he led his high school to the state football championships while playing eight different positions and being named the Michigan Football Player of the year. In the 1990 MHSAA Championship game against upper peninsula powerhouse Kingsford High School at the Pontiac Silverdome, Wheatley ran for 165 yards and a touchdown in a 21–7 victory. That season, he led the Bulldogs to a 12–1 record, and to their only state football championship. He has been described as the greatest football player in Michigan High School history. |
1840_7 | In track and field, he won the Michigan High School Track and Cross Country Athlete of the Year award in 1991. However, at one point Wheatley had quit the track team because the coach refused to let him run four individual events as a sprinter, jumper and hurdler. The coach relented, and Wheatley became a seven-time MHSAA Class B individual state champion by winning the long jump, 100 meters, 110-meter hurdles both his junior and senior seasons and winning the 200 meters as junior. In his junior year, he led his school to the state Class B track championships, and he became the first individual four-time track and field state champion in the same year in MHSAA history. Through the 2007 MHSAA season he was the MHSAA All class long jump record holder with a 1991 leap of , his high school 100 meters time (10.59 seconds, 1990) continues to rank third in MHSAA history, and his 110 meter hurdles time (13.87 sec., 1991) ranked seventh in MHSAA history. In addition, through the 2007 track |
1840_8 | season his hurdle time continued to be a MHSAA lower peninsula Class B state record. His long jump record has been retired. Wheatley became a high school All-American in track, and he was also a member of successful relay teams in high school. He had made a name for himself as a nine-time Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) state champion athlete. His athleticism and jumping abilities were further exhibited in basketball; Wheatley played for his high school basketball team and was able to slam dunk. He claims that against his high school rival, Inkster High School, he performed a dunk from the foul line, which is a difficult dunk made famous in slam dunk competitions by Julius Erving (Dr. J.) and later revived by Michael Jordan. Yet, despite his versatility and promise, Wheatley considered turning down athletic scholarships in hopes of obtaining an academic scholarship. |
1840_9 | College
Wheatley chose to remain in metropolitan Detroit and attend the University of Michigan on an athletic scholarship. He played running back for the football team for four years and ran on the track team for three years. As both a football player and track athlete he was highly decorated; he earned first-team All-Big Ten honors on teams that won Big Ten Championships in both sports and All-American Honors in track. In football, he set and retains numerous school records and in track he achieved some of the fastest times in school history. Offensive coordinator Fred Jackson recalled that Wheatley was always prompt, never overweight, played while injured, and even babysat for Jackson's children. Wheatley was described in the press as a football player who put his team ahead of himself. |
1840_10 | Wheatley wore #6 for the Michigan Wolverines football program from 1991 to 1994. At the end of the 2007 season, he ranked third in Michigan football history in career points and second in career touchdowns (behind Anthony Thomas) with forty seven rushing touchdowns, six receiving touchdowns and one kickoff return for a touchdown. His 47 rushing touchdowns, which ranked third in Big Ten history at the end of his career, ranked fifth behind Ron Dayne (71), Anthony Thompson (68), Pete Johnson (56) and Thomas through the 2006 season. His 17 touchdowns in 1992 ranks as the fifth most productive offensive season in Michigan history. In 1992, he was the Big Ten rushing and scoring champion in an offense where Michigan quarterback Elvis Grbac was also a statistical Big Ten champion. He earned the Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year Award that season and capped the season off by earning the MVP of the 1993 Rose Bowl on a 235-yard, 15-carry performance against Washington Huskies, which |
1840_11 | included touchdown runs of 88, 56 and 24 yards. |
1840_12 | Through the 2012 season, he ranks fifth on the Michigan career rushing yards list (behind Mike Hart, Denard Robinson, Anthony Thomas, and Jamie Morris) with 4,178 yards. His 1992 sophomore season 7.3 yards per carry is a Michigan single-season record (minimum 75 attempts), and his freshman yards per carry average ranks fourth at Michigan since 1949 (and it is a Michigan Freshman record). He has both the best and second-best single-game (minimum 15 carries) yards per carry performances in Michigan history. He was a three-time All Big Ten selection. |
1840_13 | As a freshman for the 1991 Wolverines, Wheatley set the Michigan freshman yards per attempt record with 555 yards on 86 carries for a 6.4 yards per attempt. In his sophomore year, he broke through with his first of three consecutive first team All-Big Ten selections. He rushed for 1,357 yards and 13 Rushing touchdowns in addition to 3 Receiving touchdowns and recording a kickoff return touchdown while subbing for the injured Ricky Powers. Wheatley had amassed the most touchdowns by a running back in Michigan history by the end of his junior year and was a professional prospect. In 1993 at the end of his junior season 1993 Wolverines, he earned the MVP award of the 1994 Hall of Fame Bowl. Wheatley had finished 8th in the 1993 Heisman Trophy race. Before LeShon Johnson's 306 yard effort in November of that season against Iowa team that Wheatley had rushed for 113 yards against, Wheatley had been mentioned as the best running back in the nation, but Johnson's effort and Bam Morris' |
1840_14 | final three games of 223, 222 and 223 yards led to Bam Morris winning the Doak Walker Award. Most who finished ahead of him in the Heisman voting either were seniors (Ward, Glenn Foley, Johnson) or gave up their amateur eligibility and declared early for the draft (Heath Shuler, David Palmer, Marshall Faulk), which made Wheatley one of the favorites for the award if he stayed in college for one more year. He stayed at Michigan for another year with the stated intent of obtaining his degree, but stayed without receiving the degree. However, the preseason 1994 Heisman Trophy favorite (along with 7th-place finisher J. J. Stokes), missed the beginning of the season with an injury to the same shoulder that had caused him to miss two games in 1993. His return to the lineup on September 24, 1994 was overshadowed by The Miracle at Michigan. His senior season return to the 1994 Wolverines had been a surprise, but injuries allowed Tshimanga Biakabutuka and Ed Davis to get some playing time. |
1840_15 | He only finished 12th in the Heisman balloting as a senior. Nonetheless, he thought that his senior-year experience broadened his horizons. |
1840_16 | In college, Wheatley also competed in track and earned varsity letters in 1993–1995. In 1994, he was the Big Ten outdoor 110 metre hurdles champion, was selected first team All-Big Ten, and was a member of the men's indoor track and field team that won the indoor Big Ten team championship. He placed eighth at the 1995 NCAA outdoor championships in the 110 meter hurdles, which earned him All-American honors. At the end of his Michigan track career, he owned the third fastest indoor 60m time in Michigan history at 6.80 seconds as well as the second fastest outdoor 110 metre hurdles time at 13.77 seconds and third fastest outdoor 100 meters at 10.46 seconds. Gradually, succeeding athletes have surpassed his times, and after the 2007 season the 110 meter hurdle time ranked fourth best and the 100 meter dash time was fifth.
New York Giants |
1840_17 | Dan Reeves era (1995–1996)
Wheatley was drafted by the New York Giants in the first round of the 1995 NFL Draft with the seventeenth overall selection. He held out for 17 days before signing a five-year contract with the team. The terms included a $2.3 million signing bonus and escalating base salaries totaling over $2.9 million. The negotiations were prolonged in part because of extensive family involvement. Wheatley set no goals for himself and lived by his grandmother's motto on preparing oneself: "You can set your sails, but you can't set the wind". The Giants viewed Wheatley as their running back of the future, since Rodney Hampton was in the final year of his contract.
Despite the original visions, Wheatley was used sparingly and started only eight games over the course of four seasons with the Giants. Off the field, Wheatley moved his half-brother with him to New Jersey to keep him out of the tumultuous environment and to provide him a strong learning environment. |
1840_18 | In 1995 and 1996, under Dan Reeves the Giants had losing seasons and relied heavily on Rodney Hampton who received the bulk of the carries on rushing plays. In 1995, running back Herschel Walker received more passing downs and in 1996 fullback Charles Way was a main weapon. Wheatley returned kickoffs for the 1995 and 1996, with 10 returns for 18.6 yards per return in 1995 and 23 returns for 21.9 yards per return in 1996. While Hampton led the team in rushing with 827 yards to Wheatley's 400 yards in 1996, Wheatley's 503 return yards and 51 yards receiving gave him the team all-purpose yards leadership. However, Wheatley had 6 fumbles on only 147 touches (112 rushes, 12 receptions, and 23 kickoff returns). |
1840_19 | The drafting of Wheatley had been hotly contested. Some Giant draft war-room personnel had wanted to select Korey Stringer and others had an interest in Rashaan Salaam when the Giants' selection came. After Wheatley was selected with the seventeenth pick, running backs Napoleon Kaufman, James Stewart and Rashaan Salaam were chosen with the eighteenth, nineteenth and twenty-first selections, respectively. Reeves made it no secret that he would have selected Salaam over Wheatley in the draft. Wheatley's introduction to the Giants was a contract squabble that kept him from getting to training camp on time. Then, in rookie season training camp, he had the misfortune of pulling a hamstring while running sprints on the first day. Speculation had been that the injury had occurred in a stumble in a June track meet. Reeves held the prompt injury against the running back he never wanted. Wheatley later fell asleep in a meeting which drew a fine from Reeves. Although he only actually |
1840_20 | fell asleep in one meeting, he also had mental concentration issues in practice. He was not known for living erratically so his falling asleep and loss of concentration was enough of a problem that the Giants had Wheatley evaluated. On top of this, Wheatley was fined several times for tardiness to team meetings. |
1840_21 | Jim Fassel era (1997–1998)
In 1997, by the end of training camp, Rodney Hampton's knees had given out, and although Wheatley had a great camp, Tiki Barber was named the starting tailback. That season, Jim Fassel's first, the Giants went to the playoffs with a 10–5–1 record. Wheatley led the team in carries that season despite missing two games and shared the ballcarrying responsibilities with Way and Barber. On October 12, Wheatley had his first 100-yard game with 102 yards on 22 carries against the Arizona Cardinals in a 27–13 victory on the road. While Wheatley and Way divided the rushing load, Barber and Way divided most of the responsibility for the running backs' role in the passing attack, while Wheatley had less than half as many receptions and reception yards as either of them. An ankle injury caused Wheatley to miss the final two regular season games and the wild card playoff game. |
1840_22 | By 1998, Wheatley was the only four-year veteran in the Giants backfield and although he developed another good relationship with an offensive coordinator, he was becoming accustomed to being described as an enigma. The Giants fell to 8–8 while relying on Barber, Way and Gary Brown. During the season, Wheatley often performed scout team duties and was inactive for some games. Fassel was not sympathetic to Wheatley's desire for playing time and thought that Wheatley was overweight. Over the course of the season, there was controversy about a season long weight limit of that had been placed on Wheatley. Wheatley's playing weight limit had been set at in training camp and had been raised to 235 on Wheatley's request. He had played at in the final game of his college career. By week 11, Wheatley had only dressed in five games and played in four and was relegated to a role as an alternate when he played. |
1840_23 | Wheatley thought he was treated unfairly in New York although two different coaching staffs had issues with him. He points out double standards that gave him bad feelings in retrospect. In situations where he was not the only Giant who was overweight or stuck in traffic, he was punished while others were not and those with worse problems such as showing up at practice drunk or being cited for D.U.I. were not vilified. Wheatley had the responsibility of driving his brother, Leslie Mongo, to his school that opened at 8:15 and thought he was the victim of New Jersey traffic in relation to occasionally being late for 9:00 a.m. team meetings. Charles Way, by contrast, Wheatley's closest friend on the team and roommate on the road, was nicknamed "Teacher's Pet." |
1840_24 | According to The New York Times, there was a misperception of Wheatley as a "cancer" in the locker room by most accounts. Although he had some issues, his teammates remembered him for his personality and mannerly nature. The general opinion of Wheatley was that he was blessed with enormous talent, but as a package he was an enigma. According to Michael Strahan, Wheatley "...could outrun the wide receivers, outlift the linemen and outdebate anyone." Thus, his off-season workout pattern of sloughing the weights for discussion of politics and current affairs was troubling, but not challenged because he could outlift most. However, in addition to the enigmatic issues, Wheatley had physical problems in New York. He was injured and unable to perform for parts of all four of the training camps. After the 1998 season Wheatley was traded to Jimmy Johnson's Miami Dolphins. In the February trade, the Giants were satisfied receiving a seventh round draft pick in return.
Oakland Raiders |
1840_25 | The Dolphins hoped that Wheatley would compete for the starting tailback position with Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar, who had rushed for a league-leading 15 touchdowns in 1997 but whose production had fallen off to only 6 in 1998. However, Wheatley was cut from the Miami Dolphins training camp roster. He had only gone through one week of Dolphins training camp before being released, making him available to the Raiders. The Raiders signed Wheatley on August 4, 1999 to help make up for the loss of Zack Crockett who suffered a broken foot. Ironically, Wheatley, the seventeenth overall selection in the 1995 NFL Draft, earned his 1999 roster spot in a battle with Rashaan Salaam, the twenty-first overall selection in the 1995 NFL Draft, who had been Dan Reeves' preferred draft choice in 1995. Wheatley was paired in the Raiders backfield with Napoleon Kaufman, the eighteenth overall selection in the 1995 NFL Draft. |
1840_26 | While in Oakland, Wheatley would achieve much greater success than he had in New York. Wheatley rushed for 1,000 yards in a season, led the Raiders in rushing three times, appeared in three consecutive playoffs (including one Super Bowl) and finished in the top-10 in the NFL for rushing touchdowns twice. Through the 2007 NFL season, Wheatley was the seventh leading rusher in Oakland Raider history with 3,682 yards as a Raider. In his role as a Raider, Wheatley was able to contribute to some of the greatest memories in the history of the franchise. Seven of his eight career 100-yard rushing games came as a Raider. Five of these games were at the Oakland Coliseum and two were on the road against the Seattle Seahawks. None of these games came in the playoffs where his highest rushing total was 56 yards.
Jon Gruden era (1999–2001) |
1840_27 | How well Wheatley complemented Napoleon Kaufman in Oakland was quickly evident to the New York media, and his newfound success was noticed when the Giants had an impotent running game in his absence. In his early years with the Raiders, Wheatley quickly made good on the promise of his potential with a combination of the power to run inside and the speed to run outside. Wheatley was quite popular in Oakland. The players liked him and his coach, Jon Gruden, even joked with him during his interviews. |
1840_28 | On the field, Wheatley became an important part of a surprisingly efficient West Coast offense run by Jon Gruden. In 1999, Wheatley was the Raiders' leading rusher and their only running back to have more than one touchdown reception. For the first time, Wheatley had multiple 100-yard games in the same season: 100 yards on 20 rushes on October 3 against the Seattle Seahawks and 111 yards on 19 rushes on December 19 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The players gelled as a unit and not only did Wheatley have his best seasons in Oakland, but also long time NFL veterans on the Raiders amassed their best season upon his arrival. For example, Rich Gannon, an NFL veteran quarterback since 1987, made his first four Pro Bowl appearances with Wheatley as a weapon. The team only compiled an 8–8 record, however. |
1840_29 | Wheatley had the best season of his career in the 2000 as the Raiders went 12–4 and reached the American Football Conference championship game of the 2000–01 NFL playoffs. Wheatley amassed 1,046 yards rushing and 9 touchdowns on 232 carries and added 20 receptions for 156 yards. Wheatley combined effectively with Kaufman to form an inside and outside attacking combination in these first two years. Wheatley’s 4.5 yards per carry ranked ninth in the NFL. Not only did Wheatley amass a career-high three 100-yard rushing games that season, but he also had his three highest career single-game performances: 156 yards on only 15 carries on October 22 at home against the Seattle Seahawks, 146 yards on December 16 at Seattle and 112 yards on November 5 against the Kansas City Chiefs. The 100-yard performances against Seattle were his second and third in his first four games against them as a Raider. In the playoffs, Wheatley only posted a total of 63 yards rushing on 31 carries and one |
1840_30 | reception for four yards in two home playoff games. On January 6, 2001, Wheatley posted what would turn out to be his career (seven career games) playoff high 56 yards rushing and his only playoff touchdown. In the January 14 conference championship against the Baltimore Ravens he only rushed for 7 yards on 12 carries. |
1840_31 | In 2001, with the arrival of Jerry Rice and Charlie Garner, the offense focused on the passing game, running five more pass attempts per game than the year before. The team produced two 1,000-yard receivers with Rice amassing 1,139 yards and Tim Brown totaling 1,165 yards. Garner led the team in rushing and accumulated 72 receptions. Meanwhile, Wheatley only started three games and accumulated only 12 receptions over the course of the season. For the first time as a Raider, Wheatley went an entire season without a 100-yard rushing game. The team went 10–6 and returned to the 2001–02 NFL playoffs, but Wheatley only had 88 carries during the regular season despite tying Zack Crockett for the running back leadership with 6 touchdowns. In the first round wild card game, Wheatley posted his second highest playoff total of 37 yards. In Wheatley's first and only career road playoff game, he only posted five yards rushing on four carries.
Bill Callahan era (2002–2003) |
1840_32 | Under new coach Bill Callahan, the 2002 Raiders became more reliant on Garner as the primary running back. Again, Rice and Brown were primary targets for Gannon who, while having his best season with 4,689 yards, did not use Wheatley as a receiver as much as other players. Wheatley had more carries than in 2001, but did not start a single game and did not see the end zone often. Again, Wheatley went an entire season without a 100-yard rushing game. However, as a role player he was able to play in three 2002–03 playoff games including the 2003 Super Bowl against former coach Gruden. As in his previous seasons, Wheatley posted his best playoff numbers in his first game, this time 30 yards on only four carries. A week later on January 19, 2003, Wheatley had his final post-season carry, a 5-yard run on his only carry of the game. In Super Bowl XXXVII on January 26, Wheatley's only touch came on a seven-yard reception. Although the Raiders did not win the Super Bowl, Tyrone Wheatley |
1840_33 | was re-signed. |
1840_34 | In 2003, Wheatley reclaimed his role as the Raiders' leading rusher although Garner, the second leading rusher, continued to be the target of more passes and Crockett made it to the end zone as a rusher as often as Wheatley and Garner combined. Wheatley became the sixth person to lead the Raiders franchise in rushing yards three times (Clem Daniels, Marv Hubbard, Mark van Eeghen, Marcus Allen, Napoleon Kaufman). The 2003 Raiders fell to 4–12 and had no 1,000-yard receivers or runners. Wheatley’s only 100-yard rushing game came on November 16 at home against the Minnesota Vikings. |
1840_35 | Wheatley's name and those of several of his teammates were found on the list of clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) that had given performance-enhancing drugs to Marion Jones and others. As a result, he, and teammates Chris Hetherington, Dana Stubblefield, and Chris Cooper were called to testify before a 2003 federal grand jury investigating a laboratory that produces nutritional supplements. Johnnie Morton was called before the same jury. Wheatley, Stubblefield, and Morton all declined to comment. This court appearance in the BALCO hearings was notable for Wheatley's assault of a freelance photographer who attempted to take Wheatley's photo outside the Philip Burton Federal Building just after Wheatley had informed the KNTV cameraman that he would sue anyone who took his picture.
Norv Turner era (2004) |
1840_36 | Although Wheatley's 2003 performance had been modest compared with the other seasons that he led the Raiders in rushing (1999, 2000), it was sufficient to convince the Raiders that they did not need to re-sign the pass catching running back Charlie Garner for the 2004 season with the new coach Norv Turner. The 2004 Raiders used a platoon of five runners (Wheatley, Crockett, Justin Fargas, J. R. Redmond and Amos Zereoué) who all rushed for between 100 and 500 yards and caught between 10 and 40 passes. Wheatley compiled his final 100-yard rushing game on September 26 in week 3 of the season at home against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers with 102 yards on 18 carries. This was the earliest point in the season Wheatley had rushed for 100 yards in a game as a professional. Wheatley's career ended in week 12 of the season on November 28, 2004 in a 25–24 win over the Denver Broncos with an injury that was first described as an injured hamstring. The hamstring tear turned out to be acute. |
1840_37 | Wheatley had been under contract until 2009 with a 2005 base salary of $800,000 and a 2006 base salary of $2 million. |
1840_38 | Coaching |
1840_39 | Unable to adequately rehabilitate his hamstring, Wheatley retired from the NFL and returned to Ann Arbor, Michigan. At the University of Michigan, in 2005, he volunteered as a track coach while finishing his bachelor's degree in sport management. In November 2006, Wheatley was hired at his alma mater, Robichaud High School, as the track coach. After taking Robichaud to their first conference title he was also hired as the football coach. To prepare for his coaching duties he partook in Jon Gruden's NFL minority coaching internship by working with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an NFL Minority coaching fellow during the 2006 training camp. As football coach in 2007, Wheatley started with a 6–1 record before facing the team's rival, the undefeated Inkster High School. Despite losing on the field to Inkster, the team was credited with a forfeit victory and compiled an 8–1 regular season record. The team achieved its first berth in 13 years in the MHSAA Class B playoffs, one year after |
1840_40 | going 0–9. The team won its first round playoff match against Dearborn Heights Annapolis High School and lost its second to Milan High School to finish with a 9–2 record. The team last won the MHSAA title in 1990 during Wheatley's senior season with a 12–1 record. During Wheatley's absence the team was a state semifinalist in 1991 with a 10–2 record and made a playoff appearance in 1994. In addition to coaching, Wheatley has worked as an athletic trainer to about 30 clients. |
1840_41 | In 2008, he joined John Fontes' coaching staff as an assistant coach for Team Michigan in the All American Football League. He was to serve as the running backs coach for the team in the league that planned to begin play in April 2008. However, the league never materialized. Wheatley interned as an NFL Minority coaching fellow with the Pittsburgh Steelers during the summer of 2008 training camp. He also served at the Rising Stars Football Camp as an assistant instructor. In late August 2008, he became the assistant coach at Ohio Northern University, with responsibility for the team's running backs. After the end of Wheatley's coaching internship at the conclusion of the season, he was hired by Ron English as a running backs coach at Eastern Michigan University for the 2009 season. |
1840_42 | In February 2010, he was hired to replace Roger Harriott on Doug Marrone's staff at Syracuse University. In 2013, he left Syracuse, along with Marrone, to join the Buffalo Bills, Wheatley's first NFL coaching position.
In 2015, Tyrone decided to return to his alma mater and coach the running backs at the University of Michigan on the staff for the new Michigan head coach Jim Harbaugh.
In January 2017, the Jacksonville Jaguars hired Wheatley as running backs coach to rejoin Marrone, who was hired as Jaguars' head coach. Wheatley along with several other assistant coaches and coordinators were fired by Marrone and the Jaguars after the 2018 season. On February 6, 2019, Wheatley was named head coach of Morgan State Bears football.
Following the 2021 season, Wheatley rejoined the NFL coaching ranks as the running backs coach for new Denver Broncos head coach, Nathaniel Hackett. |
1840_43 | Personal life
In addition to his guardianships, Wheatley and Kimberly have three sons and two daughters as of February 2010. Wheatley and his wife Kimberly, had their first child, Tyrone Jr., in 1997, and their second in late 1998. In 2012, Wheatley was selected for induction into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame.
On February 4, 2015, Tyrone Jr. (known as TJ) signed the National Letter of Intent to play football for his father's Alma Mater, Michigan. Prior to Michigan's hiring of Jim Harbaugh as coach and Wheatley on his staff, TJ had been deciding between UCLA, USC, Alabama, and Oregon.
On December 11, 2016, Tyrone's son, Terius committed to play football for the Virginia Tech Hokies, joining the 2017 signing class, after spending a year at Fork Union Military Academy.
Career statistics
College statistics
, Wheatley ranked fifth in career rushing at Michigan:
NFL statistics
100-Yard Games
N.B.: Home team is in bold.
Head coaching record |
1840_44 | See also
Lists of Michigan Wolverines football rushing leaders
References
External links
Morgan State profile
Syracuse profile
Eastern Michigan profile
Wheatley archive at Los Angeles Times |
1840_45 | 1972 births
Living people
American football running backs
American male hurdlers
Buffalo Bills coaches
Eastern Michigan Eagles football coaches
Michigan Wolverines football coaches
Michigan Wolverines football players
Michigan Wolverines men's track and field athletes
Michigan Wolverines track and field coaches
Morgan State Bears football coaches
New York Giants players
Oakland Raiders players
Ohio Northern Polar Bears football coaches
Syracuse Orange football coaches
High school football coaches in Michigan
People from Dearborn Heights, Michigan
People from Inkster, Michigan
Coaches of American football from Michigan
Players of American football from Detroit
Track and field athletes from Michigan
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
African-American male track and field athletes
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American sportspeople |
1841_0 | Ratos de Porão (Portuguese for "Basement Rats") is a Brazilian crossover thrash band from São Paulo. They were formed in 1981, toured South America, North America, Asia and Europe, and still continue to play today. Their core lineup of João Gordo on vocals and Jão on drums and later guitars has remained since virtually the band's beginning.
Lead singer João Benedan (better known as João Gordo) is a former well-known VJ on MTV Brasil and later worked at Rede Record in a comedy TV show called: "Legendários" (Portuguese for "Legendaries"). He now has a YouTube channel where he hosts a talk show and cooks vegan food, called Panelaço.
History |
1841_1 | Early days
Ratos de Porão, or simply "RxDxPx", was formed in November 1981, existing in the Brazilian (São Paulo city) punk rock scene (alongside bands such as Olho Seco, Cólera, Inocentes, Garotos Podres, and Lobotomia). Directly influenced by the UK 82 hardcore bands such as Discharge, Charged G.B.H., The Varukers and Swedish and Finnish bands such as Anti-Cimex and Kaaos, they started to write songs that criticized Brazilian society, a revolutionary concept at the time. Their sound is regarded as one of the rawest of their scene (because other bands such as Cólera and Garotos Podres were more 'punk rock' sounding than 'hardcore punk'). |
1841_2 | Their first album was released in 1983 and was titled Crucificados pelo sistema. Released on the Ataque Frontal label, it was one of the best-selling hardcore albums to come out of the country, and was soon considered a punk classic worldwide. The line up was João Gordo (vocals), Mingau (guitar – later in many punk and pop bands in Brazil), Jabá (bass) and Jão (drums). Soon after, with the fall of the São Paulo punk scene (because of associated gang violence), the band split up and since then João Gordo has been accused of selling out and betraying the DIY ethics of the hardcore punk movement for several alleged reasons; he has said, "I'm a traitor since 1983, because I told the guys I played hardcore, not punk. Then, I got labelled.(...)That's a stigma". |
1841_3 | Initial crossover thrash era
In 1985, RxDxPx came back, but with a different line up and sound. They brought thrash metal to their music, influenced by bands such as Slayer, Exodus, Kreator and hardcore bands around the world that were also transitioning to a more thrash metal sound, like Suicidal Tendencies, D.R.I., English Dogs, Cro-Mags, Agnostic Front and others (including Brazilian bands such as Lobotomia and Armagedom). Jão switched over to playing guitar, and an old punk named Spaghetti (who later adopted a thrash metal sound) replaced him on drums. Subsequently, they released the Descanse Em Paz album on Baratos Afins in 1986. |
1841_4 | With their new sound, they began to associate more with heavy metal bands, becoming friends with longtime RxDxPx fans Sepultura and other bands of the Brazilian 1980s metal scene, including Korzus and Anthares. Their next studio release with Baratos Afins Records, 1987's Cada Dia Mais Sujo e Agressivo, was also released in an English-language version (Dirty and Aggressive) (the band feared that their English was so grammatically inaccurate that many of their native English speaking fans might ridicule their translated lyrics). This release continued the band's D-beat drum tempos. |
1841_5 | In 1989, they signed to Roadrunner Records at the urging of Igor Cavalera of Sepultura, who played one of the band's tapes for the label's executives. RxDxPx then went to Germany to record their next studio LP, Brasil. With Harris Johns of Voivod and Tankard producing, the band's production quality improved substantially in contrast to their previous releases; the instrumentation was noticeably more technical.
In 1990, they returned to Germany to record their last album with the 'classic' line-up of João Gordo, Jão, Jabá and Spaghetti. With Harris Johns acting again as producer, their next album titled Anarkophobia was met with criticism by some fans for being the band's most metallic release to date, having considerably more complex and lengthy song compositions and more technical musicianship. Nevertheless, Anarkophobia increased their profile within the worldwide metal scene of the early 1990s. |
1841_6 | But in mid-1991, they had their first line-up change in years, with Spaghetti leaving the band, citing that he had "been tired of the musical life". They auditioned several drummers to replace him, including Beto Silesci from Korzus, but the band decided that Silesci's style was too metal for the new direction they were planning to pursue. Silesci was in turn replaced with Boka of the Santos Beach thrash/death metal band Psychic Possessor. In 1992, RxDxPx released its first official live album, called Ao Vivo, with a corresponding music video for the song "Aids, Pop, Repressão" receiving heavy air play on Furia Metal of MTV (the Brazilian equivalent of Headbangers Ball). |
1841_7 | At the decline of the thrash scene, under tension and personal problems (Jabá left the band and they had a heavy drug problem), they entered into the studio in 1994 to record their only 'all lyrics in English' album, called Just Another Crime In Massacreland. The album suffered a thin production and a low promotion by the label, and it was a hard time in the life of RxDxPx. |
1841_8 | Return to hardcore punk
After the departure of Jabá, the band had several different bass players and recorded a studio album with only punk and hardcore covers called Feijoada Acidente?, a play on the Guns N' Roses album "The Spaghetti Incident?". (Feijoada is a traditional food from Brazil, a stew based on beans and pork.) There were two versions of this album: one covering only Brazilian bands such as Olho Seco, Lobotomia, Garotos Podres, among others; and one covering only non-Brazilian bands such as G.B.H., Black Flag, Anti-Cimex, Minor Threat, among others.
At this time, Walter Bart (who used to play in a punk band called "Não Religião") and "Pica Pau" (Portuguese for woodpecker), who stayed in the band until 1999, played bass.
Released in 1997, Carniceria Tropical marked a return to hardcore and Portuguese lyrics, and the band regained their former success. The same year, João Gordo started to work as a VJ for MTV Brasil. |
1841_9 | In 1999, the bassist Cristian "Fralda", who used to play in the punk rock band "Blind Pigs" joined the band, and they entered into the studio to re-record their first album, and called this album Sistemados Pelo Crucifa (a play on the original album title, "Crucificados Pelo Sistema"). The front cover was designed by the Korzus bass player Dick.
Return to crossover
In 2002, they released the Onisciente Coletivo album, and came back to be more friendly with thrash metal, mixing the 1980s with 1990s faces. The bassist Cristian "Fralda" left to join the old hardcore/crossover/thrash band Lobotomia. In his place entered an old underground musician, the bass player Paulo Júnior, who still plays with his hardcore band called "Discarga" and guitarist of "Point of no Return".
In 2006, they released Homem Inimigo Do Homem. |
1841_10 | On 13 August 2013, Ratos de Porão announced on their Facebook page that they were working on a new album. Entitled Século Sinistro, the album was released on 27 May 2014.
Band members
Current members
João "Jão" Carlos Molina Esteves – guitar, backing vocals (1981–1983, 1984–present), drums (1983–1984), lead vocals (1982–1983)
João Gordo Francisco Benedan – lead vocals (1983–present)
Maurício "Boka" Alves Fernandez – drums (1991–present)
Paulo "Juninho" Sergio Sangiorgio Júnior – bass, backing vocals (2004–present)
Former members
Chiquinho – vocals (1981)
Roberto "Betinho" Massetti – drums (1981–1983)
Jarbas "Jabá" Alves – bass (1981–1993)
Rinaldo "Mingau" Amaral – guitar (1982)
Nelson "Spaghetti" Evangelista Jr. - drums (1986–1991)
Walter Bart – bass (1993–1994)
Rafael "Pica-Pau" Piccoli Lobo – bass (1995–1999)
Christian "Fralda" Wilson – bass (2000–2004)
Timeline
Discography |
1841_11 | Studio albums
Crucificados pelo Sistema (1984)
Descanse em Paz (1986)
Cada Dia Mais Sujo e Agressivo (1987)
Brasil (1989) (English/Portuguese)
Anarkophobia (1991) (English/Portuguese)
Just Another Crime... in Massacreland (1994)
"Feijoada Acidente?" – Brasil (1995)
"Feijoada Acidente?" – International (1995)
Carniceria Tropical (1997)
Sistemados pelo Crucifa – (2000)
Guerra Civil Canibal (2001)
Onisciente coletivo (2002)
Homem Inimigo do Homem (2006)
"Ratos De Porao / Looking for An answer" (2010)
Século Sinistro (2014)
Compilation albums
Sub (1982)
Sanguinho Novo... Arnaldo Baptista Revisitado (1989; contributed with the track "Jardim Elétrico")
World Class Punk (1984)
Ataque sonoro (1985)
Periferia – 1982 (1999)
Só crássicos (2000)
South America in Decline (2000)
No Money, No English (2012)
Live albums
O começo do fim do mundo (1982)
Ratos de Porão/Cólera ao vivo no Lira Paulistana (1985)
RDP ao vivo (1992)
Ao vivo no CBGB (2003)
References |
1841_12 | Brazilian punk rock groups
Crossover thrash groups
Brazilian thrash metal musical groups
Political music groups
Crust and d-beat groups
Musical groups established in 1981
Musical groups from São Paulo
Alternative Tentacles artists
1981 establishments in Brazil |
1842_0 | Below is a list of unions affiliated with the AFL-CIO. Since its founding in 1886, the AFL-CIO and its predecessor bodies have been the dominant labor federation (at least in terms of the number of member workers, if not influence) in the United States. As of 2014, the labor federation had approximately 12.7 million members. As of 2015, the AFL-CIO had 56 member unions.
Historical context
AFL forms
On December 8, 1886, the five-year-old Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions dissolved itself and became the American Federation of Labor (AFL). In its first half-century, a large number of trade and labor unions formed, joined the AFL, and either merged with other unions or ceased to exist. Many unions, particularly those in the construction industry and affiliated building trades, disaffiliated from the AFL for a variety of reasons. Some rejoined; some did not. |
1842_1 | Throughout the AFL's history, jurisdictional issues caused a number of disaffiliations. In contrast to its early rival, the Knights of labor, the AFL had adopted a policy of forming and admitting to membership (with a few limited, and notable, exceptions such as the United Mine Workers and Brewery Workers) only craft unions—unions whose membership was limited to workers with a single, narrow skill-set. But industrialization, with its emphasis on teams rather than individual workers manufacturing a product, disadvantaged craft unions in the drive to organize workers. A notable example was the effort to unionize the steel industry, where the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers' adherence to craft unionism was a factor in the failure of many unionization drives. Some unions, including some large ones such as the Mine Workers, began advocating for a shift toward industrial unionism, where a union would organize all workers (regardless of skills) in a single company, market, |
1842_2 | or industry. |
1842_3 | CIO splits 1936–1955 |
1842_4 | The battle between the craft and industrial union philosophies led to a major membership loss for the AFL in 1935. In the first years of the Great Depression, a number of AFL member unions advocated for a relaxation of the strict "craft union only" membership policy but to no avail. In 1932, Mine Workers president John L. Lewis privately proposed to several like-minded union presidents that those unions which wanted to organize workers on an industrial basis form a group to begin to do just that. The group met informally for three years, and lost a number of jurisdictional battles over potential or newly organized workers. Eight national unions formally organized themselves into the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) on November 9, 1935. On September 10, 1936, the AFL suspended all 10 CIO unions (two more had joined in the previous year) and their four million members. In 1938, these unions formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations as a rival labor federation. |
1842_5 | Over the next 20 years, both the AFL and CIO would lose member unions. The AFL would purge some member unions for advocating industrial unionism (notably the United Auto Workers and the United Rubber Workers) or for supporting political philosophies it felt were antithetical to its purposes. It also reaffiliated some unions which had joined the CIO. The CIO, for its part, expelled a number of unions in 1948 after concluding they had become infiltrated by Communists (at least one additional union disaffiliated rather than be expelled). Both the AFL and CIO would form new unions to compete with those they had expelled, with varying degrees of success. |
1842_6 | AFL-CIO 1955–1999 |
1842_7 | By the early 1950s, however, the disagreement over craft and industrial unionism had largely ceased to exist. In 1955, the AFL and CIO merged to forming a new entity known as the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). Over the next five decades, the AFL-CIO continued to gain and lose member unions. After a series of particularly divisive union raids on one another as well as repeated jurisdictional squabbles, the AFL adopted Article 20 of its constitution, which prevented its member unions from raiding one another—a policy retained in the AFL-CIO constitution. Theoretically, violation of Article 20 could lead to expulsion, but corruption soon became much more important than jurisdictional issues. After hearings by the Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management led to major revelations regarding the dominance of several AFL-CIO unions by organized crime, new rules were enacted by the AFL-CIO's Executive Council that |
1842_8 | provided for the removal of vice presidents engaged in corruption as well as the ejection of unions considered corrupt. The labor federation expelled the International Brotherhood of Teamsters on corruption charges on December 6, 1957. |
1842_9 | Membership changes continued, albeit at a markedly lower level, throughout the last four decades of the 20th century. On a few occasions, unions in the construction industry disaffiliated and reaffiliated. The most important membership changes, however, occurred in 1968. The United Auto Workers (UAW) disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO on July 1, 1968, after UAW President Walter Reuther and AFL-CIO President George Meany could not come to agreement on a wide range of national public policy issues or on reforms regarding AFL-CIO governance. A few days after the UAW's disaffiliation, the UAW and the Teamsters formed a new labor federation, the Alliance for Labor Action (ALA). Several smaller AFL-CIO unions either joined the ALA and were expelled from the AFL-CIO for dual unionism or disaffiliated and joined the ALA. The ALA was not successful, however, and ceased to exist in January 1972. Over the years, most of the unions which had been expelled or left the AFL-CIO rejoined it. For |
1842_10 | example, the UAW re-affiliated on July 1, 1981, and the Teamsters did so on October 24, 1987. |
1842_11 | 21st century
The AFL-CIO saw several disaffiliations in the first decade of the 21st century. The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO on March 29, 2001, disagreeing with the labor federation's rapid expansion in spending. After lengthy debate and disagreement over dues levels, the governance structure, the leadership, and the philosophy of the AFL-CIO, the Laborers' International Union of North America, Service Employees International Union, Teamsters, UNITE HERE, United Farm Workers, and United Food and Commercial Workers disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO to form the Change to Win, a new national union federation. The Carpenters joined the new federation as well. |
1842_12 | After the split, the AFL-CIO gained two new members. The 100,000-member independent California School Employees Association joined the federation in August 2001, and the 65,000-member independent California Nurses Association joined in March 2007. After a lengthy and divisive internal leadership struggle within UNITE HERE, 100,000 members of the union's apparel division disaffiliated from the national union in March 2009, formed a new union called Workers United, and affiliated their union with SEIU. The remaining 265,000 members of UNITE HERE reaffiliated with the AFL-CIO on September 16, 2009. |
1842_13 | LIUNA rejoined the AFL-CIO in August 2010. Three years later, UFCW did as well. The National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) was decertified in 2010 as players faced a lockout, but reformed and rejoined the AFL-CIO in 2011. The National Taxi Workers Alliance (also known as the New York Taxi Workers Alliance) affiliated with the AFL-CIO as well. It was the first non-traditional workers' organization to do so since the early 1960s. However, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union disaffiliated from the federation on August 30, 2013, accusing the AFL-CIO of unwillingness to punish other unions when their members crossed ILWU picket lines and over federal legislative policy issues. |
1842_14 | AFL-CIO membership criteria
Article III of the AFL-CIO constitution, as amended, addresses membership in the AFL-CIO. Membership is limited to national and international unions and to certain subordinate bodies of the AFL-CIO (such as organizing committees, directly affiliated local unions, departments, and state and local central labor bodies). Article III, Section 4(a) gives the Executive Council (or the President, if the Executive Council so designates) the power to approve new affiliations, and restricts new affiliates to union whose jurisdiction does not conflict with the jurisdiction of existing members (unless the existing members authorize such affiliation). |
1842_15 | Article III, Section 4(b) provides for provisional charters and the attaching of conditions to provisional charters. Section 5 declares that charters shall not be revoked without a two-thirds affirmative vote of the convention, and for the restoration of charters upon a two-thirds vote of either the convention or Executive Council. Section 7 provides for the expulsion of member unions if they are "officered, controlled or dominated by persons whose policies and activities are consistently directed toward the achievement of the program or purposes of authoritarianism, totalitarianism, terrorism and other forces that suppress individual liberties and freedom of association". |
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