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Author Rebecca Solnit’s article this week in The Nation says 2013 is the “Year Zero in the battle over climate change, one in which we are going to have to win big, or loser bigger.”
The Earth we evolved to inhabit
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Author Rebecca Solnit’s article this week in The Nation says 2013 is the “Year Zero in the battle over climate change, one in which we are going to have to win big, or loser bigger.”
The Earth we evolved to inhabit is turning into something more turbulent and unreliable at a pace too fast for most living things to adapt to. This means we are losing crucial aspects of our most irreplaceable, sublime gift, and some of us are suffering the loss now—from sea snails whose shells are dissolving in acidified oceans to Hurricane Sandy survivors facing black mold and bad bureaucracy to horses starving nationwide because a devastating drought has pushed the cost of hay so high to Bolivian farmers failing because the glaciers that watered their valleys have largely melted.
She notes that an Associated Press poll this month found that four out of
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Repotting seedlings in general is fairly straightforward. Just plop the plant out, put it in a new container, and refill with soil.
But tomato seedlings are unique in that they like to be buried deeply. They have the ability
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Repotting seedlings in general is fairly straightforward. Just plop the plant out, put it in a new container, and refill with soil.
But tomato seedlings are unique in that they like to be buried deeply. They have the ability to form new roots along their stems, so they can be repotted up to their lowest set of leaves. A bigger root system means a healthier and more robust plant.
Tomato seedlings are ready to be repotted when they are at least 3 inches tall, and have a couple sets of “true leaves,” the second and subsequent sets of leaves that appear. The first leaves that sprout, cotyledons, are not leaves at all, but embryonic structures from the seed that provide nutrition until the seedling can make its own food.
Start with clean 4-inch pots and pre-moistened sterile potting mix. If several seedlings are growing in the same pot, some people will snip off the extras and keep only the strongest seedling, so as not to disturb the roots during transplant. But if you repot them before they become rootbound, it’s quite easy to separate the seedlings without damaging the roots.
Water your seedlings to loosen up the potting mix and keep the roots moist while you work. If you started your seedlings in newspaper pots, unroll them. The roots should be fairly developed and free.
Separate the seedlings. Always handle them by their leaves, not their delicate stems. If a leaf pulls off, chances are it will grow back. But if the stem snaps, your seedling is done.
Separate the seedling by gently pulling on its leaves and wiggling it away from the potting mix. The roots should release easily. Let the moist potting mix cling to the roots to protect them from drying out.
Fill the new pot with fresh potting mix, and sink in the seedling to its lowest set of leaves. Pat down the mix gently and water.
Keep your newly repotted seedlings out of direct sunlight for a day or two. Tomato plants are especially susceptible to overwatering, so keep the potting mix barely moist at all times. Water deeply to reach the roots at the bottom (or soak from the bottom up), and only water again when the first inch of the mix feels dry.
Tomato plants can be repotted two or three times before they go in the garden. Moving them into larger containers each time keeps them happy and gives their roots room to grow. If you are repotting a second time, you should pinch off the bottom two or four branches and sink the plant even more deeply into the pot to encourage new root growth along the stem.
And all that r
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Just one week of intensive speech therapy can reduce stuttering and produce speech changes, indicating reorganization in brain areas associated with stuttering, a new Chinese study shows -- literally, using brain imaging.
However, the Stuttering Foundation cautioned against the
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Just one week of intensive speech therapy can reduce stuttering and produce speech changes, indicating reorganization in brain areas associated with stuttering, a new Chinese study shows -- literally, using brain imaging.
However, the Stuttering Foundation cautioned against the suggestion there is a "quick fix" for stuttering.
"It's important that the public understands that suggesting that one week of therapy can reorganize the brain is not right," cautioned Jane Fraser, president of the foundation.
"... A week of therapy can make changes but the key is having it last, and to us it won't have any value unless we can see results three months later," she said. "What's exciting is that it gets out to the public that when you work on this with therapy, there really are changes to the brain."
The small study by scientists at Beijing Normal University in the People's Republic of China included 15 people with persistent developmental stuttering who received intensive treatment, and 26 subjects who did not receive treatment. The study was published in the journal Neurology.
During the intensive therapy, participants were asked to repeat two-syllable words that were spoken to them, and then they read aloud words that were shown to them. The week-long intensive therapy included three sessions per day, and the subjects were also required to practice the new speech patterns on their own.
The other 26 people, which included 13 stutterers and 13 non-stuttering control subjects, were not given any type of treatment.
Brain images were taken of all participants before the study began and then one week later after the 15 subjects had experienced the intensive therapy. The MRI scans measured the thickness of the cerebral cortex, a brain area known to play a key role in language, and the scans also measured interactions between areas of the brain while subjects were at rest, called the resting state functional connectivity.
People who stuttered had increased levels of interactions in the cerebellum compared to control subjects. They also had reduced thickness and strength of interactions in an area called the pars opercularis, which is known to be important in speech and language.
The intensive therapy caused the resting brain states in the cerebellums of stutterers to have the same activity levels as the non-stuttering control subjects, but therapy did not change activity in the pars opercularis area.
"These results show that the brain can reorganize itself with therapy and that changes in the cerebellum are a result of the brain compensating for stuttering," study author Chunming Lu said in a written statement, adding, "They also provide evidence that the structure of the pars opercularis area of the brain is altered in people with stuttering."
Explaining the significance of the study, pediatric neurologist Dr. Jeffrey Buchhalter, a member of the American Academy of Neurology,
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Solar energy, facts and figuring
To the Editor:
I couldn't agree more with Tim Twombly's assertion [Letter to the Editor, "Solar solution to the mystery, January 13] that solar thermal is a very effective strategy to
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Solar energy, facts and figuring
To the Editor:
I couldn't agree more with Tim Twombly's assertion [Letter to the Editor, "Solar solution to the mystery, January 13] that solar thermal is a very effective strategy to protect oneself from rising fuel costs and reduce the amount of fuel or energy that needs to be purchased.
As installers of both photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems, we've learned that a building's occupancy greatly influences the decision to use one or the other, or both. Seasonal buildings don't have a use for domestic hot water in the winter and therefore often realize a greater benefit by installing PV electric generation and taking advantage of the Massachusetts' net metering laws to credit the off-season production to the summer bills.
I believe Tim's statement "64 square feet of ST is equal to 400 square feet of PV" came from the Solar Ratings Certification Corporation Solar Facts document (http://www.solar-rating.org/solarfacts/solarfacts.htm).
This document is dated October 17, 2001, when most photovoltaic panels were in the range of 10-12 percent efficient. Most of the PV panels South Mountain Company installs today are the highest efficiency on the market at 18-19.5 percent. So, taking currently available technology into account, 64 square feet of solar thermal collector is roughly equal to 200 square feet of PV. If there is a year-round need for hot water, solar thermal is still more cost effective to install than PV.
Another important difference today versus nine years ago — PV installation costs have dropped dramatically. Nine years ago, a typical residential PV system would need to produce electricity for 15-20 years before the savings would equal installation cost. PV systems have a 25-30 years life expectancy, so the incentive wasn't there for the majority of the population. Today, Massachusetts net metering laws, a utility sponsored state rebate program, 30 percent federal and $1,000 state tax credits, and a new production-based incentive, Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SREC) bring that term as low as five years.
For example, a $21,000 total cost to install a 3kw high-performance system that produces 3,600 kWh per year would be reduced to $11,800 with available incentives. If the cost of electricity stays the same as it is today, and SREC revenue is the minimum of $0.285 per kWh, six years of savings and revenue amount to $11,800. If electric rates increase just 3% per year, and SREC sales continue at the $0.50 per kWh they realize now, the savings and revenue total $11,800 early in the fifth year of operation. The SREC incentive became available in January 2010 and has proven to be a boon to the PV market in Massachusetts.
For comparison, 3,600 kWh is equivalent to 12.3 million Btu and could be produced on Martha's Vineyard with 64 square feet of solar thermal collector, a two-collector system. The economic benefit of the solar thermal system depends on the type of fuel used to heat water — electricity is most costly, oil is the cheapest (for now). The solar thermal system costs less to install than a 3 kW PV system. However, when rebates and production incentives are factored in, the PV system is a stronger economic performer.
Furthermore, only PV-generated energy has the benefit of being exportable. If a grid-tied PV system produces more than is needed on-site, the surplus feeds into the grid and turns the meter backwards. Because power plants are approximately 30 percent efficient at making power and sending it to us over the transmission lines, every kWh of electricity made on-site with PV is equivalent to 3 kWh of energy used at a power plant.
So, per kWh produced, the carbon reduction of site-generated electricity exceeds the carbon reduction when a solar hot water system displaces propane or oil used on site.
The Evacuated Tube (EVT) collectors Tim installs are an amazing technology. The strength of EVT collectors is their ability to collect solar energy in extreme
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Curriculum Guide for The 39 Clues Book 6: In Too Deep
- Grades: 3–5, 6–8
Build reading comprehension and research skills as you bring the excitement of The 39 Clues into your
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Curriculum Guide for The 39 Clues Book 6: In Too Deep
- Grades: 3–5, 6–8
Build reading comprehension and research skills as you bring the excitement of The 39 Clues into your classroom!
About The 39 Clues
The 39 Clues is an exciting adventure series that will visit every continent and lead your students through 500 years of history, all while introducing them to fascinating historical figures like Benjamin Franklin, Amadeus Mozart, Amelia Earhart, and more!
Design
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Poise is something every woman should have – whether you are single or married. Poise as defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary is, “a state of balance, a particular way of carrying oneself”.
Poise would include how a
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Poise is something every woman should have – whether you are single or married. Poise as defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary is, “a state of balance, a particular way of carrying oneself”.
Poise would include how a woman would walk, talk and think. It is something that one can develop over time whether through professional help or merely learning it by yourself. A lot of factors can affect how one can portray poise – be it physically, socially or emotionally.
Yet, the key to developing poise is self-confidence. According to Confidence Coalition, three-fourths of girls who have a low self-esteem engage in negative activities like smoking and drinking. A sad truth that many teenagers go through in their lives. Yet self-confidence can be built over and over again. It is a treasure within that only you can find.
So how does one develop poise through self confidence?
Have good posture
Poised women are always conscious of their posture. This may be a little bit hard, but through practice and discipline, you will master the ways of having proper posture. To have a good posture one must practice to:
- Lift head up
- Chin should be level with the floor
- Chest out
- Shoulders are relaxed
- Abdomen should be flat
For you to be called a poised woman, you must dress accordingly. You can dress whatever is comfortable on you but make sure you wear it with dignity.
If you wear something that shows too much skin, then don’t lean forward too much. You don’t want others to see your chest or your bum behind. Always dress best and act accordingly on how you dress.
Don’t talk loud
Shouting and laughing out loud is a no-no for a poised woman. You have to have refined manners wherever you may be and whoever you are with. If you have to say out something, you have to use words like “please”, excuse me” or “thank you”.
Always greet people with a smile. You do not have to impress people but instead show to them the positive aura in you.
Show people that you are a woman who wants to be respected. To do so, you have also to show respect in return. Some ways would include not talking when your mouth is full or raising up your hand if you want to ask a question. These are simple manners one may neglect but are very important on how others will see you.
Do not be a mess. To have good manners, one has to be organized. Also, never talk on anyone’s back. Show respect by acknowledging differences between people.
A social environment may affect how a woman perceives poise. The way people talk around her or the way people see her as a whole may greatly affect how she sees herself. Nonetheless, with the right people to guide her in building her self-confidence, poise is not hard to develop.
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Playing in a class prepares children for being in an orchestra
Learning a musical instrument at primary school can boost a child's confidence and learning in other areas, a report suggests.
Nine out of 10 schools asked about a government-funded scheme that teaches
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Playing in a class prepares children for being in an orchestra
Learning a musical instrument at primary school can boost a child's confidence and learning in other areas, a report suggests.
Nine out of 10 schools asked about a government-funded scheme that teaches pupils to play instruments in a group, said the process raised self-esteem.
Many teachers said the scheme led to more positive attitudes to learning and improved motivation in other subjects.
The groups are run in 6,500 schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The study by the University of the Arts, London, focuses on the Wider Opportunities Programme, in which eight and nine-year-olds learn to play an instrument together as a class for free. Even the class teacher joins in and learns to play.
Some 97% of primary head teachers and staff in the 1,389 schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who took part in the research said pupils looked forward to lessons and enjoyed playing instruments.
Many of the teaching staff said team-working skills had improved as a result, as had pupil concentration.
The scheme also had an "empowering effect" on some of the participating children, the study said.
John Witchell, chief executive of the Federation of Music Services, which commissioned the report, said there was a lot of evidence from all the people who responded about the wider impacts, such as better motivation and improved behaviour.
"It's one of those activities that is a social activity where all the children work together," he said.
"They are not competing against each other, they have to collaborate and use their minds and bodies to produce the music.
"They also have to use their emotions to enable self-expression as well."
In terms of music education, the study found learning an instrument in class as effective as small group tuition.
The programme was particularly useful as an introduction to learning an instrument, identifying talent and in promoting a joyful experience that benefits the "whole child's development".
A spokesman for the Department for Children, Schools and Families said: "Children get tremendous value from music, both as a subject in its own right and as a means of motivating students to reach higher levels of attainment across the curriculum.
"Learning to play a musical instrument can encourage the development of listening and concentration skills, appropriate behaviour, self-motivation, communications skills and teamwork."
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The inexorable multiplication of transistors predicted by Moore’s Law always predicted the toppling of human chess grandmasters by dedicated machine thinkers. At this point, companies like IBM have proved that brute force coupled with a playbook of every chess game ever
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The inexorable multiplication of transistors predicted by Moore’s Law always predicted the toppling of human chess grandmasters by dedicated machine thinkers. At this point, companies like IBM have proved that brute force coupled with a playbook of every chess game ever is enough to defeat even the best players. It’s a simple matter of processing power: there’s only a finite number of moves on the board, and the real trick of chess is predicting where those same pieces will be down the line. Give a computer enough processing power and it can chunk through almost all the possible permutations while most human players are still trying to remember how to en passant.
What if you change the rules of chess, though, specifically to make them harder for computers to predict? That’s just what an undergraduate computer science student has done, coming up with quantum chess… a variant of chess where pieces like the knight, rook, queen and king mimic particles subject to quantum mechanics. In other words, the chess pieces can exist in multiple states up until the point you move them.
That might sound like a variant of chess that would be impossible to play without a computer, which would, of course, be besides the point, so the variant’s creator, Alice Wismath, has set up some rules so the pieces’ transformations aren’t completely random. That ultimately means strategy still applies, since it’s not just a game of chance… but it also means that Moore’s Law can probably again crack it, since quantum chess is just one more layer of calculation on top of a game computers have already mastered.
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Thorite is the most common thorium mineral. Thorium is a highly radioactive element and could be used as a replacement for uranium in nuclear power generation. It is estimated to be three times as common as uranium and all the thorium in the
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Thorite is the most common thorium mineral. Thorium is a highly radioactive element and could be used as a replacement for uranium in nuclear power generation. It is estimated to be three times as common as uranium and all the thorium in the Earth's crust could have more potential energy than both uranium and the fossil fuel reserves combined. Uranium and thorium are considered to be the primary sources of the internal heat of the Earth through their radioactive decay.
Although thorite is the most common thorium mineral, it is not the primary
ore of thorium. The phosphate
has an average of about 6% thorium in its composition that includes several
rare earth elements. Enough monazite is mined to supply most of the current
thorite demand. If monazite deposits become scarce or the demand for thorium
increases, then thorite and to lesser extents other thorium bearing minerals
Thorite is currently an important ore of uranium. A variety of thorite
often called "uranothorite" is particularly rich in uranium
and has been a viable uranium ore at B
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Mexico to Preserve Thousands of Acres of Rain Forest in Historic Land Expropriation
MEXICO CITY − Mexico and a U.S. environmental group agreed on a plan to protect 370,000 acres of tropical forest on the Yucatan Peninsula
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Mexico to Preserve Thousands of Acres of Rain Forest in Historic Land Expropriation
MEXICO CITY − Mexico and a U.S. environmental group agreed on a plan to protect 370,000 acres of tropical forest on the Yucatan Peninsula in what officials said Friday was the largest conservation project in the country's history.
As a result of the $3 million expropriation, published Friday in the federal registry, the land will be included in the core conservation zone of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, a 1.8-million acre area that contains significant Mayan ruins and is home to hundreds of exotic plant and animal species, including the largest jaguar population outside of the Amazon.
The expropriation will annex the land into the biosphere's "core" conservation zone. Previously, the 370,000 acres was located in a buffer area not subject to the strictest land-usage rules, say experts at the U.S.-based Nature Conservancy and the private Mexican conservation group Pronatura, which mediated negotiations with the landowners. The Nature Conservancy contributed $1.7 million of the $3 million price.
The expropriation deal follows more than a decade of frustrated attempts by about 300 Mayan communal farmers to sell the land, 125 miles south of the communities where they actually live.
"They have been trying for a long time since the (biosphere) reserve was established to get cash from the land so they can invest it in the properties where they live and work," says Andrea Erickson, The Nature Conservancy's lead scientist on the project.
Officials from Mexico's Environment Department declined to discuss the project until it is formally announced later this month.
The expropriation announcement comes more than a year after the government bought the Manhattan-size Espiritu Santo islands in the Sea of Cortes -- one of the region's most unspoiled ecosystems -- using $3.3 million raised by several nonprofit groups.
Source: Associated Press
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I need to output lots of (>20 million) float values to a text file from a Fortran 77 program. I'd like to keep the output file as small as possible. Therefore I would like to output the floats in a compact way
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I need to output lots of (>20 million) float values to a text file from a Fortran 77 program. I'd like to keep the output file as small as possible. Therefore I would like to output the floats in a compact way, without resorting to binary.
I know the precision I need (usually two digits right of the decimal point), so in C I would use
printf("%.2f %.2f", val1, val2); Is something like this possible in Fortran 77? All I found was that I have to set the field width explicitly (like in
format (f8.2,x,f8.2)). This wastes lots of space, when I don't know the range of the output numbers beforehand.
If it is not possible in Fortran 77, do newer Fortran standards offer a way to do this?
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Better Students Ask More Questions.
Why are there so few female characters in The Wind in the Willows?
1 Answer | add yours
High School Teacher
The Wind in the Willows is an acclaimed children's book by Kenneth Grahame,
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Better Students Ask More Questions.
Why are there so few female characters in The Wind in the Willows?
1 Answer | add yours
High School Teacher
The Wind in the Willows is an acclaimed children's book by Kenneth Grahame, published in 1908. Like many books written around the turn of the century, it is very much a product of its time.
At its core, Willows is an adventure story, told about brave heroes and cowardly villains. The stories were originally told by Grahame to his four-year-old son, and so reflect the sorts of things a male child of that age enjoys; car chases, capsized boats, last-minute rescues, and the heroes always triumph and return to their homes. The most important female role in the book is not even a female character, but a disguise that several characters use to get in and out of sticky situations. There is a barge-woman of indeterminate species, but she exists solely to throw Toad into the river when she discovers his uselessness. Moreover, the jailer's daughter, in her empathy for Toad's plight is the one to organize Toad's escape from jail, but her altruism is equaled later by the railroad conductor.
At the time of publication, Woman's Liberation organizations around the world were taking root. The accepted roles of women in society were being redefined, and Grahame's marriage was a troubled one; it is possible that by not including females in the story, Grahame was unconsciously remarking on a world wher
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Better Students Ask More Questions.
What is the climax of chapters 17-20?
1 Answer | add yours
High School Teacher
Sometimes, reading over helps. What is important is the contrast between Jan and Edek. In Chapter 17
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Better Students Ask More Questions.
What is the climax of chapters 17-20?
1 Answer | add yours
High School Teacher
Sometimes, reading over helps. What is important is the contrast between Jan and Edek. In Chapter 17 and again in Chapter 20, we are reminded of how "street smart" Jan is. When Edek discovers that Jan is up to something, he insists on an explanation. Despite Jan's warnings telling Edek to leave, Edek places himself in the open and is caught by an American soldier. In Chapter 20, Edek is naive in thinking that his use of German was so good that they were clear of danger after their encounter with the stranger who had suffered a blown tire. When Edek says at the end of that chapter, "Anyway, I think we got away with it", Jan's response is, "That's what you think". This shows that Jan is always alert and never drops his guard. He is trusting of no one and has good instincts which aid in their survival. The war may have ended but the children are certainly not free of danger. Their target is to get to Switzerland to find their parents and Jan and the silver sword are symbolically, their key. These chapters also prepare us for a turn of events. For a while the children were no longer on their own, but by the end of chapter 20, their cover is exposed and they have to leave the farm. Jan's meeting with Ludwig is also important as Jan will have to make the most difficult decision of his life. We learned of how attached Jan is to his pets and pretty soon, Jan will have to sacrifice Ludwig to save Ruth and Edek.
Posted by mandersn on September 28, 2008 at 6:46 PM (Answer #1)
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Kansas University's Natural History Museum wants a look at the artifacts people may have collected from the banks of local rivers.
From 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday, the museum will display its collection of fossils and rocks from the
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Kansas University's Natural History Museum wants a look at the artifacts people may have collected from the banks of local rivers.
From 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday, the museum will display its collection of fossils and rocks from the Kansas Geological Survey and evaluate items brought in by the public.
Larry Martin, professor and senior curator of vertebrate paleontology, said Kansas is one of the best places to find large fossils. On Tuesday, he was showing off massive bear, lion and tiger fossils found along the banks of the Kansas River by amateur fossil hunters.
"Most of what we know about the ice age in Kansas is based on fossils people brought us," Martin said. "Ninety percent of the time it's going to be exactly what you think it is: a cow or the neighbor's pony. But maybe 1 percent of the time, you may find something that's really interesting."
The femur of an ancient - and extinct - bear that would have stood at least 7 feet tall was an example of that sort of find. Martin said massive bones like that are often found in Kansas, indicating that animals in this part of the ancient world, probably about 15,000 years ago, were for some reason larger than relatives a few hundred miles away. He also showed the head of a saber-toothed cat with a tooth perhaps 8 inches long.
"These animals were all living together around Lawrence. If you lived here 15,000 years ago, this is what you would have had to chase out of your garden," Martin said.
Museum spokeswoman Jen Humphrey said the event would also be a chance for visitors to see parts of the museum's collection that are not often on display. The event will be in the panorama area of the museum.
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Originally the Act of Union was not a constitution, but the first parliament decided to use it as the basis for the constitution of The Baltic Union adding a series of Act of Union Amendments and Parallel Acts. At present, the Act of Union is considered
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Originally the Act of Union was not a constitution, but the first parliament decided to use it as the basis for the constitution of The Baltic Union adding a series of Act of Union Amendments and Parallel Acts. At present, the Act of Union is considered as the "de facto" constitution of The Baltic Union.
When The Baltic Union was formed, the Constituent Assembly sought for a document as a basis for the creation of the new nation. Nevertheless, this basis should be in line with the traditions of the countries that form the union. The Norwegian Constitution was unveiled as the perfect base for the charter of the new nation with the necessary Amendments and Parallel Acts.
- Articles §§ 1–2: Form of Government and Religion
- Articles §§ 3–48: Th
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The Roots of Liberal Theology
This essay was written by Rev. Thomas Slater, S.J. and published in the Irish Ecclesiastical Record, January, 1907.
One who has been brought up in the old system of theology
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The Roots of Liberal Theology
This essay was written by Rev. Thomas Slater, S.J. and published in the Irish Ecclesiastical Record, January, 1907.
One who has been brought up in the old system of theology, and whose reading has for the most part been confined to its accredited exponents, is puzzled and distressed when he opens a volume of the new liberal theology. He had been taught that theology is a deductive science, and that in the drawing out of theological conclusions from the divinely revealed premises, great weight must be given to the authority of the Church, to whose safe keeping the deposit of religious truth was entrusted by God.
The new liberal theology shows scant courtesy to tradition, it criticises the teaching Church, and it appeals for its warrant in so doing to scientific convictions, to religious consciousness, and religious experience. It proclaims aloud that the human mind is necessarily progressive, that to live is to move, while the theologians stagnate in the ever recurring round of barren logical deductions from the same worn out formulas. Those formulas did well enough for the time when they were framed, they satisfied a want of the human mind, but a new age like ours must re-interpret for itself in language that it can understand the ever-living truths of religion. The old apologetic, with its elaborate proofs from miracles and prophecies, was framed on wrong lines, more calculated to produce a religious sceptic than a believing Christian. Religion is not so much a matter of the intellect, nor is it susceptible of demonstration, it belongs rather to the affective part of our nature, to the feelings and to the will. Hence the new interest in mysticism which we see manifested on all sides.
These are some of the characteristics of the new liberal theology, whose main object is to re-interpret Christian truth in the light and for the needs of the present day. In the books and magazine articles where liberal Catholics give expression to these views there is no attempt made to establish them, or even to indicate clearly the grounds on which they rest. The effect produced on the reader is one of uneasiness and bewilderment. The truth is, that the hidden principles on which those views rest are antagonistic to Catholic truth. They are drawn directly or indirectly from a new science which in its principles and in their application is subversive of Catholic doctrine. This new science has received various names, but in England it is commonly called the Science of Religion or Religions.
I propose in this paper to sketch in outline the main features of this new science, and then we shall be better able to form a correct estimate of Catholic liberal theology. We shall be able to view it in its native surroundings, in its environment, and thus we shall be able to form a better judgment concerning its nature and tendencies.
According to its votaries, then, the Science of Religion is an exact science, just like the physical sciences whose method it employs. The physical sciences owe the marvellous progress which they have made to the employment of the inductive method of reasoning. They begin by laboriously collecting facts bearing on the subject-matter of the science, these facts are studied and compared with one another, then hypotheses are formed and verified, and finally, we arrive at a body of laws containing the truths which the science has discovered. This scientific method is adopted by the new science of Religion. It glories in the fact that it is empirical, and by empirical methods it hopes in time to be able to show results comparable to those achieved by the physical sciences. Indeed, it boasts that within the few years of its existence it can already show a large body of notable results obtained. The new science has already a very large literature devoted to it, chairs to teach it have been founded in many of the Universities, and its influence, direct and indirect, is already very considerable.
The subject-matter of the new science is Religion, and by Religion it does not understand God. God and His dealings with men constitute the subject-matter of the traditional theology, but these high matters are not the objects of our observation, experiment, and verification; they cannot be the subject-matter of an empirical science. By Religion is here understood ‘the conception of a superior authority, whose potency man feels himself constrained to acknowledge and invoke.’ (1) Or, according to Professor James, Religion is “the feelings, acts, and experiences, of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatsoever they consider the divine.” (2) So that Religion is something subjective, ‘the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men,’ and it has its seat rather in the affective part of man’s nature than in his intellect.
When we survey the whole field of Religion [writes Professor James] we find a great variety in the thoughts that have prevailed there; but the feelings on the one hand and the conduct on the other are almost always the same, for Stoic, Christian, and Buddhist saints are practically indistinguishable in their lives.
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Dr Richard C. Hunt
Let us know what you think
To learn how cells become transformed by the virus
To learn the differences between DNA and RNA tumor viruses
understand how RNA viral oncogenes result in cell transformation
Cancers
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Dr Richard C. Hunt
Let us know what you think
To learn how cells become transformed by the virus
To learn the differences between DNA and RNA tumor viruses
understand how RNA viral oncogenes result in cell transformation
Cancers are the result of a disruption of the normal restraints on cellular proliferation. It is apparent that the number of ways in which such disruption can occur is strictly limited and there may be as few as forty cellular genes in which mutation or some other disruption of their expression leads to unrestrained cell growth.
There are two classes of these genes in which
altered expression can lead to loss of
Viruses are involved in cancers because they can
either carry a copy of one of these genes or can alter expression of the cell's
copy of one of these genes.
To understand the discovery of cellular proto-oncogenes
To learn how cellular oncogenes may cause cancer in the absence of a virus
To learn understand how these discoveries led to the discovery of anti-oncogenes
To understand how the discovery of anti-oncogenes showed how DNA viruses may cause cancer
CLASSES OF TUMOR VIRUSES
There are two classes of tumor viruses:
We shall see that these two classes have very different ways of reproducing themselves but they often have one aspect of their life cycle in common: the ability to integrate their own genome into that of the host cell. Such integration is not, however, a pre-requisite for tumor formation.
TRANSFORMATION AND ONCOGENES
If a virus takes up residence in a cell and alters the properties of that cell, the cell is said to be transformed. Transformation by a virus is the change in the biological properties of a cell that results from the regulation of the cell by viral genes and that confer on the infected cells certain properties of neoplasia.
Transformation often includes loss of growth control, anchorage-independent growth, ability to invade extracellular matrix, dedifferentiation and immortalization. In carcinomas, many epithelial cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Transformed cells often exhibit chromosomal aberrations and the changes seen in transformation often, but not always, result from the integration of the viral genome into the host cell's chromosomes.
The region of the viral genome (DNA in DNA tumor-viruses or RNA in RNA-tumor viruses) that can cause a tumor is called an oncogene. This foreign gene can be carried into a cell by the virus and cause the host cell to take on new properties.
The discovery of viral oncogenes in retroviruses led to the finding that they are not unique to viruses and homologous genes (called proto-oncogenes) are found in all cells. Indeed, it is likely that the virus picked up a cellular gene during its evolution and this gene has subsequently become altered. Normally, the cellular proto-oncogenes are not expressed in a quiescent cell since they are involved in growth (which is not occurring in most cells of the body) and development; or they are expressed under strict control by the cell. However, they may become aberrantly expressed when the cell is infected by tumor viruses that do not themselves carry a viral oncogene. We shall see later how this happens but it is clear that a virus may cause cancer in two ways: It may carry an oncogene into a cell or it may activate a cellular proto-oncogene.
The discovery of cellular oncogenes opened the way to the elucidation of mechanisms by which non-virally induced cancers may be caused. We shall investigate what the protein products of the viral and cellular oncogenes do in the infected cell and in cells in which cellular proto-oncogenes are expressed. We shall see that their functions strongly suggest mechanisms by which cells may be transformed to a neoplastic phenotype. The discovery of cellular oncogenes led to the discovery of another class of cellular genes, the tumor repressor (suppressor) genes or anti-oncogenes.
Initially, the involvement of viral and cellular oncogenes in tumors caused by retroviruses was much more apparent than the involvement of the DNA tumor virus oncogenes but the discovery of tumor repressor genes (as a result of our knowledge of how retroviruses cause cancer) led to the elucidation of the mode of action of DNA virus oncogenes.
It should be noted that while retroviruses have been instrumental in elucidation of the mechanisms of oncogenesis, most human cancers are probably not the result of a retroviral infection although retroviruses are important in cancers in some animals. It is becoming much more apparent that many human tumors may result from infection by DNA tumor virsues.
The information flow in DNA tumor viruses is similar to that in eucaryotic
|Papilloma virus Copyright 1994 Veterinary Sciences Division, Queens University Belfast||
DNA TUMOR VIRUSES
DNA tumor viruses h
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I call myself the “accidental psychiatrist.” I never set out to be a brain or mood expert. In fact, my focus was more on how the body works as a whole system. And people came to me not to treat brain disorders like
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I call myself the “accidental psychiatrist.” I never set out to be a brain or mood expert. In fact, my focus was more on how the body works as a whole system. And people came to me not to treat brain disorders like depression or autism or Alzheimer’s, but to deal with chronic complaints and illnesses of the body.
Over the years, as I worked to correct the fundamental imbalances that cause all disease, I discovered that mood and brain disorders would often magically disappear as I treated patients’ physical problems. I began to investigate, for example, how treating digestive problems could cure depression, or how detoxifying a patient from mercury could bring back his or her memory.
As it turns out, the body and the mind are one interacting, interlocking, networked system. And imbalances in the body’s seven basic core systems — nutrition, hormones, immune function, digestion, detoxification, energy metabolism and mind-body — can cause brain disorders resulting in altered mood, memory, behavior and attention.
The upshot? Fixing your body may be the best way to fix your broken brain — and improve the quality of your life as a result.
Our society is experiencing an epidemic of brain problems — depression, anxiety, memory loss, brain fog, attention-deficit disorder (or ADD), autism, and dementia, to name a few — and yet almost no one is talking about it. Unlike obesity, which you can’t hide, psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety (as well as brain dysfunctions that fall on the lighter side of the broken-brain continuum, such as mood swings, anger or just feeling a bit anxious or depressed most of the time) are often suffered silently, hidden from view. Yet such problems touch nearly everyone, either personally or through family members and friends.
The numbers tell the story: An estimated 40 million people in the United States experience some sort of anxiety-related disorder. As many as 20 million suffer from depression. The use of antidepressants has tripled in the last decade.
Most psychiatrists and neurologists focus solely on their favorite organ, the brain, using medications and psychotherapy, and ignore the rest of the body. But what if the cure for many brain disorders lies outside the brain? What if mood, memory, attention and behavior problems, and most other “brain diseases” have their root cause in the rest of the body — in treatable imbalances in the body’s key systems? (To learn more about therapeutic and lifestyle alternatives to prescription drugs in treating anxiety disorders, see “High
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Home > News > Electricity controls nanocrystal shape
March 19th, 2004
Electricity controls nanocrystal shape
Wires, tubes and brushes make it possible to build and maintain the machines and devices we use on a
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Home > News > Electricity controls nanocrystal shape
March 19th, 2004
Electricity controls nanocrystal shape
Wires, tubes and brushes make it possible to build and maintain the machines and devices we use on a daily basis. Now, with help from a surprising source, these same building blocks can easily be created on a scale 10,000 times smaller than the period at the end of this sentence.
Quantum effects help cells capture light, but the details are obscure: Ultrashort laser pulses reveal that 'coherence' plays a subtle role in energy transfers December 6th, 2013
Coal yields plenty of graphene quantum dots: Rice U. scientists find simple method for producing dots in bulk from coal, coke December 6th, 2013
The gene sequencing that everyone can afford in future December 6th, 2013
Silvija Gradečak seeks to better the world through new materials December 6th, 2013
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I-43610.1 | Mr. Reynolds in costume, Montreal, QC, 1870
Mr. Reynolds in costume, Montreal, QC, 1870
William Notman (1826-1891)
1870,
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I-43610.1 | Mr. Reynolds in costume, Montreal, QC, 1870
Mr. Reynolds in costume, Montreal, QC, 1870
William Notman (1826-1891)
1870, 19th century
Silver salts on paper mounted on paper - Albumen process
13.7 x 10 cm
Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd.
© McCord Museum
Keywords: male (26812), Photograph (77678), portrait (53878)
Keys to History
Seen in the composite with bow and arrow, Mr. Reynolds as "Quewaygoosquequamteros" is typical of the way Victorians portrayed romanticized exotic characters from other cultures. Many of the people who donned exotic fancy dress acted out stereotypes-men dressed in Aboriginal costume waved tomahawks and gave war whoops, reinforcing the period's widely accepted stereotype of the savage warrior.
Mr. Reynolds's costume is composed of authentic Aboriginal-made elements, all available at this time in the Montreal area, juxtaposed incongruously. His headdress may be Huron-Wendat and his moccasins Cree. Though the beaded accessories are of a Plains style, they are typical of work being done by Native people in Quebec in this period. Reynolds's necklace is of particular interest. At least one of the items on it-a comb-is from the Arctic Thule culture, ancestors of today's Inuit. The comb is now in the McCord collection.
This view of Mr. Reynolds was taken in the studio before he posed for the composite.
Everything used to create this costume could be purchased in the Montreal area at this time, except for the Thule artifacts from the Arctic worn around his neck.
In the late 19th century, using Native-made objects and clothing to portray stereotypical and romanticized North American Aboriginal people was commonplace at fancy dress balls.
The Thule comb was donated to the McCord by the Natural History Society of Montreal when it disbanded in 1925.
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Kent Wamsley standing in a traditional ditch in Howard County. Note the bank failure.
Same agricultural field, but now with a Two-Stage Ditch. Benches have been created and the bank side slope is stable.
Diagram of a conventional
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Kent Wamsley standing in a traditional ditch in Howard County. Note the bank failure.
Same agricultural field, but now with a Two-Stage Ditch. Benches have been created and the bank side slope is stable.
Diagram of a conventional ditch. The conventional ditch provides less area for incoming runoff
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Today In History March 31
1492- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain issued an edict expelling Jews unwilling to convert to Christianity.
1889- French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel unfurled the French tricolor
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Today In History March 31
1492- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain issued an edict expelling Jews unwilling to convert to Christianity.
1889- French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel unfurled the French tricolor from atop the Eiffel Tower to mark its completion.
1917- The United States took possession of the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
1945- “The Glass Menagerie” by Tennessee Williams opened on Broadway.
1968- President Lyndon B. Johnson made a surprise announcement that he would not run for re-election.
1976- The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that coma patient Karen Anne Quinlan could be disconnected from her respirator. (Quinlan remained comatose and died in 1985.)
1992- The U.N. Security Council voted to ban flights and arms sales to Libya, branding it a terrorist state for shielding six men accused of blowing up Pan Am Flight 103 and a French airliner.
1995- Singer Selena, 23, was shot to death in Corpus Christi, Texas, by the founder of her fan club.
1995- Baseball players agreed to end a 232-day strike after a judge granted a preliminary injunction against club owners.
1999- Four New York City police officers were charged with murder for killing Amadou Diallo, an unarmed African immigrant, in a hail of bullets. (They were acquited in 2000.)
2004- Four American civilian contractors
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The Environment Ministry plans to allow rubble from the March 11 disasters in coastal and central parts of Fukushima Prefecture to be incinerated or buried, raising the risk of radioactive contamination, officials said Sunday.
While the ministry already allows 10 municipalities
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The Environment Ministry plans to allow rubble from the March 11 disasters in coastal and central parts of Fukushima Prefecture to be incinerated or buried, raising the risk of radioactive contamination, officials said Sunday.
While the ministry already allows 10 municipalities where contamination levels from the prefecture’s stricken nuclear plant are low enough to handle debris under normal procedures, it has decided to expand the eased limits to other parts of the prefecture outside the nuclear no-go zone and evacuation areas.
The move is aimed at speeding up rubble removal in Fukushima Prefecture, but authorities are required to handle it with care, including by decontaminating and managing it properly, the officials said.
The ministry plans to formally decide on the matter at a panel meeting June 19 and allow the disposal of rubble kept at makeshift yards possibly in late June. But it will continue to ban transfers of the debris to areas outside Fukushima Prefecture.
As of Friday, the ministry estimates 23.82 million tons of rubble were created by the disasters in coastal areas of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima alone.
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Harvard University was the first institution of higher learning in colonial America. Founded in 1636 as a training ground for aspiring ministers, it capitalized on this early start and became during the nineteenth century the nation’s most influential university, and by the
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Harvard University was the first institution of higher learning in colonial America. Founded in 1636 as a training ground for aspiring ministers, it capitalized on this early start and became during the nineteenth century the nation’s most influential university, and by the middle of the twentieth century, arguably the world’s. Not surprisingly, then, Harvard’s four centuries’ long career is tightly connected to the history of New England, the United States and the Atlantic World on whose most dynamic eastern edge it was perched. Notwithstanding a deafening silence on the topic in most remembrances of this great university, Harvard’s history entails a whole range of connections to slavery.
This site is a result of investigations Harvard students made into this forgotten part of the University’s history.
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There were various members of the Lefèvre family engaged in tapestry weaving in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. We hear of one Lancelot Lefèbvre as one of the masters of tapestry weaving in Brussels and
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There were various members of the Lefèvre family engaged in tapestry weaving in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. We hear of one Lancelot Lefèbvre as one of the masters of tapestry weaving in Brussels and in Antwerp in 1655; and in Italy, in 1630, we read of a certain Pierre le Fèvre, a master tapestry worker, who was a native of Paris. It is not known whether these two men were connected one with the other, and of their personal history we know very little. Pierre died in 1669, leaving a son Philip, who was working in Florence in 1677. In 1647, Pierre was attracted by some offers made him on the part of Henry IV of France, and left Florence for Paris. There he received considerable emoluments, was styled Tapissier to the King, and provided with a workshop in the Garden of the Tuileri
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Oliver Wendell Holmes biography
Oliver Wendell Holmes was born on August 29, 1809, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University in 1836 and practiced medicine for the next 10 years. He also
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Oliver Wendell Holmes biography
Oliver Wendell Holmes was born on August 29, 1809, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University in 1836 and practiced medicine for the next 10 years. He also taught at Dartmouth College and became dean at Harvard Medical School, but is best known as a poet and humorist. Holmes wrote the poem "Old Ironsides" and the "Breakfast- Table" essay series. He was the father of American Civil War veteran and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Oliver Wendell Holmes died on October 7, 1894.
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Specific language difficulties and school achievement in children born at 25 weeks of gestation or less
EPICure Study Grp (Including: Wolke, Dieter, Samara, Muthanna, Bracewell, Melanie A. and Mar
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Specific language difficulties and school achievement in children born at 25 weeks of gestation or less
EPICure Study Grp (Including: Wolke, Dieter, Samara, Muthanna, Bracewell, Melanie A. and Marlow, Neil). (2008) Specific language difficulties and school achievement in children born at 25 weeks of gestation or less. Journal of Pedriatics, Vol.152 (No.2). pp. 256-262. ISSN 0022-3476Full text not available from this repository.
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.043
Objective To determine whether language and educational problems are specific or due to general cognitive deficits in children born at 25 weeks' gestation or less. Study design A national cohort study assessed 241 of 308 (78%) surviving children at a median age of 6 years, 4 months along with 160 of these children's classmates. Formal tests included standard cognitive, language, phonetic, and speech assessments. The children's school achievement was rated by classroom teachers. Results Mean cognitive scores for index children were 82 (standard deviation [SD]+/- 19) compared with 106 (SD +/- 12) for the peer group. Extremely preterm children had an increased risk of language problems (odds ratio [OR] = 10; 9i% confidence interval 101 = 3 to 32), speech problems (OR = 4.4; 95% Cl = 3 to 7), and overall school difficulties (OR = 25; 95% Cl = 12 to 54). Extremely preterm boys were twice as likely to show deficits as extremely preterm girls, but no such sex-based differences were apparent in the comparison group. Differences in general cognitive scores explained specific language or phonetic awareness deficits, but not speech ratings or educational difficulties, in the extremely preterm children. Conclusions Language or phonetic difficulties are not specific and indicate general cognitive functional difficulties. The findings have implications for models of global deviation of brain development in extremely preterm children.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
|Divisions:
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Camden is the county seat of Wilcox County; it is located in southwest Alabama. It has a mayor/city council form of government with elected terms of four years. Author and poet Viola Goode Liddell (1901-
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Camden is the county seat of Wilcox County; it is located in southwest Alabama. It has a mayor/city council form of government with elected terms of four years. Author and poet Viola Goode Liddell (1901-1998) was a long-time resident of Camden, and Governor Benjamin Meek Miller (1864-1944) maintained a law practice in the town for much of his life.
In 1832, Thomas Dunn, an early settler, donated the land on which Camden now is located for the express purpose of establishing a county seat. The city was incorporated in 1841. Initially called Barboursville, in honor of Virginia Senator Phillip Barbour, the town was renamed in 1842 for Camden, South Carolina, site of an important Revolutionary War battle. Early industries in the area included a brickyard, a sawmill, and a window fabricator. The Camden Phenix was probably the town's earliest newspaper. Camden also was home to the Wilcox Female Seminary and Female Institute, established in 1850. Its original building currently houses the Wilcox County Historical Society.
During the Civil War, many of the male residents of Camden joined Confederate forces as members of a number of local volunteer groups. In 1865, the county courthouse was ransacked by Union forces, but advance warning allowed county officials to remove the county records to safety prior to their arrival.
The community suffered through the same difficult economic times after the war as did much if the South. Two massive fires in 1869 and 1870, the first of which reportedly destroyed two-thirds of the town, increased Camden's economic woes. The economy recovered slowly through the 1880s, with Camden's first bank being incorporated in 1894.
Camden benefited economically in the 1960s, as did the rest of Wilcox County, with the construction of a paper mill by Canadian timber company MacMillan Bloedel and Miller's Ferry Lock and Dam, which created Lake Dannelly. The paper mill was purchased by Weyerhaeuser in 1999, and in 2009 the company closed its plant, laying off 300 people. Wilcox County is today one of the poorest counties in the state.
Camden’s population at the time of the 2010 Census was 2020. Of that number, 57.4 percent identified themselves as African American, 42.0 as white, 0.7 percent as Hispanic, 0.4 percent as two or more races, and 0.1 percent as Native American. The city's median household income was $34,390, and per capita income was $20,467.
The workforce in present-day Camden is divided among the following occupational categories:
· Educational services, and health care and social assistance (32.8 percent)
· Manufacturing (13.1 percent)
· Other services, except public administration (10.7 percent)
· Arts, entertainment, recreation, and accommodation and food services (9.0 percent)
· Construction (6.4 percent)
· Retail trade (6.3 percent)
· Finance, insurance, and real estate, rental, and leasing (5.6 percent)
· Transportation and warehousing and utilities (3.9 percent)
· Wholesale trade (2.4 percent)
· Professional, scientific, management, and administrative and waste management services (1.7 percent)
· Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and extractive (5.3 percent)
· Information (1.7 percent)
· Public administration (1.4 percent)
Schools in Camden are part of the Wilcox County School District; the city has approximately 1,662 students and 108 teachers in four public schools (elementary, middle, high, and an alternative school). It also has one private school serving K-12 with approximately 345 students and 20 teachers.
Camden is intersected by State Highways 41 (roughly north-south) and 221/10 (roughly east-west). It also is served by the Camden Municipal Airport.
Events and Places of Interest
Camden town center offers visitors a number of historic buildings, and the town takes part in the annual Wilcox County Tour
of Homes. Roland Cooper State Park is located six miles northwest of Camden and offers camping, fishing, golfing, picnicking, and swimming along the banks of
the 22,000-acre William Dannelly Reservoir (Lake Dannelly), an impoundment of the Alabama River. In addition, Camden hosts
an office of the Gee's Bend Ferry which traverses the river just north of the city.
The Heritage of Wilcox County, Alabama. Clanton, Ala.: Heritage Publishing Consultants, 2002.
James P. Kaetz
Published February 22, 2010
Last updated February 27, 2013
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Watch Over 500,000 Tons Of Salt Go From Farm To Table
In Newark, California, toward the southern edge of San Francisco Bay, 500,000 tons of salt is harvested each year by Cowgill Incorporated.
That seems
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Watch Over 500,000 Tons Of Salt Go From Farm To Table
In Newark, California, toward the southern edge of San Francisco Bay, 500,000 tons of salt is harvested each year by Cowgill Incorporated.
That seems like a large amount until you realize that there's an estimated 55 trillion metric tons of salt in the United States alone, according to Saltinstitute.org.
This giant salt facility in California is where what you see in the ocean ultimately becomes what you see on your table or in your favorite dish.
In a process that could take as long as five years, the salty brine from the ocean is evaporated out, filt
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The Nutrition Facts Label: Your Tool for a Healthy Heart
February is American Heart Month, and the US Food and Drug Administration has a simple tool to help you achieve a heart-healthy lifestyle! It's called the Nutrition Facts Label, and you
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The Nutrition Facts Label: Your Tool for a Healthy Heart
February is American Heart Month, and the US Food and Drug Administration has a simple tool to help you achieve a heart-healthy lifestyle! It's called the Nutrition Facts Label, and you can find it on all packaged foods and beverages.
The Nutrition Facts Label lets you know exactly what you're eating and helps you track the various nutrients you are getting from the foods you eat. What's more, it serves as your overall guide for comparing foods and making choices that can affect your long-term health.
Using the Percent Daily Value to Limit Certain Nutrients
To help reduce your risk of heart disease and high blood pressure, you can use the Percent Daily Value (PDV) information provided on the Nutrition Facts Label. The PDV gives you a framework for deciding if a food is high or low in a nutrient – including the ones you are trying to limit.
The PDVs are based on a 2,000-calorie daily diet, and each listed nutrient is based on 100 percent of the recommended amounts for that nutrient. As a quick guide, 5 percent DV or less is low, and 20 percent DV or more is high!
So, when comparing foods, choose the food with the lower PDV of sodium, total fat, and cholesterol. And remember, the guidelines for sodium, total fat, and cholesterol are maximum amounts. To promote heart health, the goal is to stay below 100 percent of the Daily Value for these nutrients each day.
For more information visit: fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm199058.htm
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A Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute researcher believes she's uncovered the secrets behind sex, lies and octopi.
And what she has discovered about the habits of a certain species of octopus is a bit disconcerting. Christine Huffard, the lead
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A Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute researcher believes she's uncovered the secrets behind sex, lies and octopi.
And what she has discovered about the habits of a certain species of octopus is a bit disconcerting. Christine Huffard, the lead biologist in the study, found that the female octopi she has been observing will mate with just about any male that comes along, but that the male octopi are more picky, choosing large ladies over small.
Marine biologists recently released their study of the complex mating rituals among a population of Indonesian octopi.
Previously, researchers thought that octopus sex was infrequent and unsophisticated, said Huffard. These conclusions were based on aquarium studies and brief observations in the wild.
But Huffard and colleagues' recent findings challenge the previous dogma. They saw octopi engaged in complex mating behavior, such as fighting over conquests, flirtatious color displays and careful partner selection.
"Until you see an animal in its natural habitat, everything you think about it is really a best guess," Huffard said. "And our best guesses about octopus mating were actually not correct."
Many octopus species are tricky to study in the wild, either because they only come out at night or because they live in chilly or deep waters, where researchers can only spend a few hours at a time.
But Huffard's octopi of choice, Abdopus aculeatus, live in warm, shallow waters and are active during the day. To study them, Huffard snorkeled from dawn to dusk, and wrote down every octopus movement on waterproof paper.
"This is not a unique species of octopus, which suggests others behave this way," said Roy Caldwell, a professor of integrative biology at UC Berkeley and co-author of the study.
These octopi are about as big as a human hand, Huffard said, but most of that size is their sucker-covered tentacles. Their bodies are just walnut-sized. To mate, the males deposit "sper
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On March 15, 1963, the Mississippi State University basketball team made history by facing the Loyola University Ramblers in the NCAA Tournament. Previously barred from participating in tournaments which featured integrated teams, MSU President Dean W. Colvard
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On March 15, 1963, the Mississippi State University basketball team made history by facing the Loyola University Ramblers in the NCAA Tournament. Previously barred from participating in tournaments which featured integrated teams, MSU President Dean W. Colvard and Head Basketball Coach Babe McCarthy defied the "unwritten law" and, under threat of arrest, snuck the MSU squad out of Starkville and up to Lansing, Michigan. The MSU Bulldogs lost to Loyola (the eventual National Champions) yet returned home to Starkville to a hero's welcome. 50 years later, we honor the MSU and Loyola teams who participated in the "Game of Change."
Learn more about the game with our research guide: http://guides.library.msstate.edu/1963MSUBasketball.
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Ed. Note: This is part two of a two part Sowell column. Part one is available here.
If there were a contest for the most misleading words used in politics, "poverty" should be one of the leading contenders for that
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Ed. Note: This is part two of a two part Sowell column. Part one is available here.
If there were a contest for the most misleading words used in politics, "poverty" should be one of the leading contenders for that title.
Each of us may have his own idea of what poverty means -- especially those of us who grew up in poverty. But what poverty means politically and in the media is whatever the people who collect statistics choose to define as poverty.
This is not just a question of semantics. The whole future of the welfare state depends on how poverty is defined. "The poor" are the human shields behind whom advocates of ever bigger spending for ever bigger government advance toward their goal.
If poverty meant what most people think of as poverty -- people "ill-clad, ill-housed, and ill-nourished," in Franklin D. Roosevelt's phrase -- there would not be nearly enough people in poverty today to justify the vastly expanded powers and runaway spending of the federal government.
Robert Rector of the Heritage Foundation has for years examined what "the poor" of today actually have -- and the economic facts completely undermine the political rhetoric.
Official data cited by Rector show that 80 percent of "poor" households have air-conditioning today, which less than half the population of America had in 1970. Nearly three-quarters of households in poverty own a motor vehicle, and nearly one-third own more than one motor vehicle.
Virtually everyone living in "poverty," as defined by the government, has color television, and most have cable TV or satellite TV. More than three-quarters have either a VCR or a DVD player, and nearly nine-tenths have a microwave oven.
As for being "ill-housed," the average poor American has more living space than the general population -- not just the poor population -- of London, Paris and other cities in Europe.
Various attempts have been made over the years to depict Americans in poverty as "ill-fed" but the "hunger in America" campaigns that have enjoyed such political and media popularity have usually used some pretty creative methods and definitions.
Actual studies of "the poor" have found their intake of the necessary nutrients to be no less than that of others. In fact, obesity is slightly more prevalent among low-income people.
The real triumph of words over reality, however, is in expensive government programs for "the elderly," including Medicare. The ima
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Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard|
What is STS?
Science and Technology Studies (STS) is a relatively new academic field. Its roots lie in the interwar period and continue into the start of the Cold War, when historians
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Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard|
What is STS?
Science and Technology Studies (STS) is a relatively new academic field. Its roots lie in the interwar period and continue into the start of the Cold War, when historians and sociologists of science, and scientists themselves, became interested in the relationship between scientific knowledge, technological systems, and society. The best known product of this interest was Thomas Kuhn’s classic 1962 study, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. This influential work helped crystallize a new approach to historical and social studies of science, in which scientific facts were seen as products of scientists’ socially conditioned investigations rather than as objective representations of nature. Among the many ramifications of Kuhn’s work was a systematic effort by social scientists to probe how scientific discovery and its technological applications link up with other social developments, in law, politics, public policy, ethics, and culture.
STS, as practiced in academia today, merges two broad streams of scholarship. The first consists of research on the nature and practices of science and technology (S&T). Studies in this genre approach S&T as social institutions possessing distinctive structures, commitments, practices, and discourses that vary across cultures and change over time. This line of work addresses questions like the following: is there a scientific method; what makes scientific facts credible; how do new disciplines emerge; and how does science relate to religion? The second stream concerns itself more with the impacts and control of science and technology, with particular focus on the risks that S&T may pose to peace, security, community, democracy, environmental sustainability, and human values. Driving this body of research are questions like the following: how should states set priorities for research funding; who should participate, and how, in technological decisionmaking; should life forms be patented; how should societies measure risks and set safety standards; and how should experts communicate the reasons for their judgments to the public?
The rise of STS as a teaching field reflects a dawning recognition that specialization in today’s research universities does not fully prepare future citizens to respond knowledgeably and reflectively to the most important challenges of the contemporary world. Increasingly, the dilemmas that confront people, whether in government, industry, politics or daily life, cut across the conventional lines of academic training and thought. STS seeks to overcome the divisions, particularly between the two cultures of humanities (interpretive inquiry) and natural sciences (rational analysis).
STS teaching seeks to promote cross-disciplinary integration, civic engagement, and critical thinking. Undergraduate STS courses are especially popular with engineering and pre-professional students, including premeds. They help to illuminate issues of professional responsibility and ethics. Such courses also build bridges between disciplines that do not ordinarily meet each other in the undergraduate curriculum, such as sociology and science, law and science, anthropology and technology, environmental science and political theory, or technology and philosophy. Graduate STS courses offer ways of integrating knowledge in areas that are impossible to grasp through any single discipline; examples include security studies, environmental studies, globalization, the human sciences, and biology and society. STS courses in these areas enable students to form more robust understandings of the nature of controversy, the causes of scientific and technological change, the relationship of culture and reason, and the limits of rational analytic methods in characterizing complex problems.
In sum, STS explores in rich and compelling ways what difference it makes to human societies that we, collectively, are producers and users of science and technology. STS research, teaching, and outreach offer citizens of modern, high-tech societies the resources with which to evaluate—analytically, esthetically, and ethically—the benefits and the risks, the perils and the promises, of notable advances in science and technology.
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With Christmas almost upon us, I thought I'd use this month's column to give you two of my favorite brain-teasers to challenge your relatives at that family gathering. What I like about these problems is that when you first meet them, you
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With Christmas almost upon us, I thought I'd use this month's column to give you two of my favorite brain-teasers to challenge your relatives at that family gathering. What I like about these problems is that when you first meet them, you think you don't have enough information to solve them. But you do. You just have to look carefully at what the problem says. Both puzzles are about birds. I don't know the origin of the first one, but the second has a famous history.
"Of the birds that remained, a third were finches, a quarter were budgies, a fifth were canaries, a seventh were mynah birds, and a ninth were parrots."
However, the reporter got one of the fractions wrong. How many parrots were left?
A certain man buys 30 birds which are partridges, pigeons, and sparrows, for 30 denari. A partridge he buys for 3 denari, a pigeon for 2 denari, and 2 sparrows for 1 denaro, namely 1 sparrow for 1/2 denaro. It is sought how many birds he buys of each kind.
As before, what makes this problem particularly intriguing is that it seems you don't have enough information to solve it. Specifically, it looks like you have two equations in three unknowns. In fact, in terms of equations, that is precisely what you do have. But the problem gives you additional information that turns out to be all you need to find the (unique) answer.
I'll give the answers to both puzzles in next month's column.
Devlin's Angle is updated at the beginning of each month. Find more columns here.
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- Is necessary for muscle contraction, production of energy, proper kidney function, and normal blood pressure.
- Is good for highly active people.
- Is lacking in diets due to modern food processing and added salt.
- Each one-tablet serving contains
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- Is necessary for muscle contraction, production of energy, proper kidney function, and normal blood pressure.
- Is good for highly active people.
- Is lacking in diets due to modern food processing and added salt.
- Each one-tablet serving contains 99 mg of potassium as amino acid complex.
Potassium is a vital element for proper body function. As the most abundant mineral in the body, potassium is key to pr
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such as the Earth
that has a melted iron
core produces a magnetic field
around itself, creating two magnetic pole
By studying the iron minerals in ancient lava beds, scientists have determined that the location of the magnetic poles is not fixed,
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such as the Earth
that has a melted iron
core produces a magnetic field
around itself, creating two magnetic pole
By studying the iron minerals in ancient lava beds, scientists have determined that the location of the magnetic poles is not fixed, and changes around every 250,000 years, each time the two poles flip - north becomes south, and south becomes north. So if you say, hypothetically time travel some million years to the past, don't relay so much on your compass.
When the pole flip occurs, theory suggests that there's a temporary reduction in the entire strength of the magnetic field, causing the Earth's atmosphere to be less protected from the Sun's lethal radiation. This may cause climatic disruption, destruction of satellites, and eventually a loss of life, though not to the extent of extinction, since our ancestors have successfully survived these flips. Some claim that the magnetic field is only a small factor in the protection from lethal radiation, and the atmosphere plays the major part.
Currently there's a disagreement about how much time it takes for a pole flip to complete once it has started. Some argue it takes thousands of years, others say it's just a matter of weeks until the flip is completed.
Measuring the strength of the Earth's magnetic field in the last 100 years, scientists determined that there's a gradual decline. Given that a pole flip hasn't occurred in almost a million years, some independent researchers suggest that the decline is a result of a pole flip that has already started and is due to complete in the near future, which ranges from'very soon' to '1000 years', a rather small amount of time in the geological time scale. Other researchers believe the decline of strength is just a passing fluctuation.
http://web.dmi.dk/fsweb/Projects/oersted/homepage.html (says andersa)
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Forecasts from NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch Program indicate that similar warm sea temperatures might occur in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, potentially resulting in coral bleaching, particularly to the northwestern most atolls of Kure, Pearl and Hermes and Midway.
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Forecasts from NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch Program indicate that similar warm sea temperatures might occur in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, potentially resulting in coral bleaching, particularly to the northwestern most atolls of Kure, Pearl and Hermes and Midway.
However, local weather conditions will strongly influence actual sea temperatures and could either prevent or worsen a mass-bleaching event. Both satellite measurement and in-water instruments have shown current sea temperatures in the monument to be slightly above average, potentially causing a very minor accumulation of heat stress. The highest temperature stress for Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is likely to happen in September.
A research cruise now underway in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, as well as one scheduled for September, will provide updates on sea temperatures and coral conditions, and could observe the first signs of a bleaching event.
Bleaching happens when unusually warm water temperatures disrupt the relationship between corals and the microscopic algae that live within their tissues. This stress causes the coral to expel the algae causing a white or “bleached” appearance.
Coral bleaching was previously recorded in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument in both 2002 and 2004.
Papahānaumokuākea is cooperatively managed to ensure ecological integrity and achieve strong, long-term protection and perpetuation of Northwestern Hawaiian Island ecosystems, Native Hawaiian culture, and heritage resources for current and future generations. Three co-trustees—the Department of Commerce, Department of the Interior, and State of Hawai‘i—joined by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, protect this special place. Papahā
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| Black Crane
In Bhutan, events in the human and natural world turn on the same seasonal wheel, while
the Buddhist belief in reincarnation links all of creation in a still bigger cycle.
Buddhist philosophy of re-incarnation places
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| Black Crane
In Bhutan, events in the human and natural world turn on the same seasonal wheel, while
the Buddhist belief in reincarnation links all of creation in a still bigger cycle.
Buddhist philosophy of re-incarnation places every living thing, from the humblest to the
highest, in one chain of, birth, life and death. All life is part of this spiritual
procession linking the souls of humans and animals together in the common purpose of
achieving the ultimate goal of Nirvana. Compassion and good deeds to lower life forms
speeds on the individuals' passage from this world to a higher plane in the next.
The black-necked cranes have their own monastery which they have returned to each year
since before records began.
It is called Gantey Gompa, and sits above their marshland destination in the Black
Mountains of central Bhutan. Inside, monks pray for the safe return of the birds they
revere as Bodisatva -- beings which having achieved ther own enlightenment seek to help
others on their path.
Wherever they are found, cranes have always been a symbol of longevity.
Black-necked cranes are thought to live as long as 80 years, about twice the life
expectancy of the average Bhutanese. No wonder the cranes are thought to possess a wisdom
that comes only with great age and many past lives.
According to tradition, the cranes will in the prescribed Buddhist manner circle the
monastery three times on arrival in a clockwise direction as a mark of their devotion
before finally landing in the center of the marsh.
All cranes are territorial and these, the least understood of the 15 species, are no
exception. After the long journey south comes the dance of the black-necked cranes,
accompanied by pairs throwing objects to one another. This mysterious gift giving ceremony
may be a way these monogamous birds re-affirm their bonds to one another.
In early winter, as the cranes
arrive for the first time on the marsh, boundaries need to be defined. The marsh becomes a
valuable piece of real restate and is aggressively contested.
Here in Bhutan's Pobjika valley, the cranes are protected. To kill a crane carries a
sentence of life imprisonment. Pairs mate for life and the arrival of a solitary bird is a
sad sight. But these communities that peacefully co-exist with the cranes hold the birds
in the utmost esteem, even appointing human caretakers to see to their well-being.
Ten percent of the world's black crane population winters here in Bhutan. During the
day, the cranes will feed in the surrounding fields taking whatever gleanings are left
over from the recent harvest. Cranes are truly omnivorous and will excavate fleshy tubers
of aquatic plants, crustaceans, insects, even rodents and fish if they get a chance. Each
night, these other worldly birds return to the safety of the marsh beneath the protecting
walls of the monastery.
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What Was Really Behind Roberts' Switch?
Stay up to date with the latest headlines via email.
Today a majority of the Court upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare in recognition of its importance as a key initiative of
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What Was Really Behind Roberts' Switch?
Stay up to date with the latest headlines via email.
Today a majority of the Court upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare in recognition of its importance as a key initiative of the Obama administration. The big surprise, for many, was the vote by the Chief Justice of the Court, John Roberts, to join with the Court’s four liberals.
Roberts’ decision is not without precedent. Seventy-five years ago, another Justice Roberts – no relation to the current Chief Justice – made a similar switch. Justice Owen Roberts had voted with the Court’s conservative majority in a host of 5-4 decisions invalidating New Deal legislation, but in March of 1937 he suddenly switched sides and began joining with the Court’s four liberals. In popular lore, Roberts’ switch saved the Court – not only from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s threat to pack it with justices more amenable to the New Deal but, more importantly, from the public’s increasing perception of the Court as a partisan, political branch of government.
Chief Justice John Roberts isn’t related to his namesake but the current Roberts’ move today marks a close parallel. By joining with the Court’s four liberals who have been in the minority in many important cases – including the 2010 decision, Citizen’s United vs. Federal Election Commission, which struck down constraints on corporate political spending as being in violation of the Constitution’s First Amendment guaranteeing freedom of speech – the current Justice Roberts may have, like his earlier namesake, saved the Court from a growing reputation for political partisanship.
As Alexander Hamilton pointed out when the Constitution was being written, the Supreme Court is the “least dangerous branch” of government because it has neither the purse (it can’t enforce its rulings by threatening to withhold public money) nor the sword (it has no police or military to back up its decisions). It has only the trust and confidence of average citizens. If it is viewed as politically partisan, that trust is in jeopardy. As Chief Justice, Roberts has a particular responsibility to maintain and enhance that trust.
Nothing else explains John Roberts’ switch – certainly not the convoluted constitutional logic he used to arrive at his decision. On the most critical issue in the case – whether the so-called “individual mandate” requiring almost all Americans to purchase health insurance was a constitutionally-permissible extension of federal power under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution – Roberts agreed with his conservative brethren that it was not.
Roberts nonetheless upheld the law because, he reasoned, the penalty to be collected by the government for non-compliance with the law is the equivalent of a tax – and the federal government has the power to tax. By this bizarre logic, the federal government can pass all sorts of unconstitutional laws – requiring people to sell themselves into slavery, for example – as long as the penalty for failing to do so is considered to be
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Gulf Killifish Affected by 2010 Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico happened over three years ago, but according to scientists, crude oil toxicity still continues to sicken a sentinel Gulf Coast
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Gulf Killifish Affected by 2010 Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico happened over three years ago, but according to scientists, crude oil toxicity still continues to sicken a sentinel Gulf Coast fish species.
Researchers from the University of California, Davis, teamed up with researchers from Louisiana and South Carolina to find that Gulf killifish embryos exposed to sediments from oiled locations in 2010 and 2011 show developmental abnormalities, including heart defects, delayed hatching and reduced hatching success.
The killifish is an environmental indicator species, or a "canary in the coal mine," used to predict broader exposures and health risks. Indicator species are sensitive to disease outbreaks, pollution, species competition or climate change so biologists often study them in order to monitor the ecosystem. These fish are not fished commercially but they are nonmigratory and share similar habitats with other species like the speckled trout, flounder, blue crabs, shrimp, and oysters, and who may be at risk of similar effects.
The findings are part of an ongoing collaborative ef
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Dr. Seuss QuotesIn Cryptography teasers, a phrase or expressions has been encoded in some way (frequently by replacing letters with other letters). You need to figure out the encoding method and then decode the message to find the answer.
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Dr. Seuss QuotesIn Cryptography teasers, a phrase or expressions has been encoded in some way (frequently by replacing letters with other letters). You need to figure out the encoding method and then decode the message to find the answer.
Can you decode these quotes from Dr. Seuss?
"Hlnvgrnvh gsv jfvhgrlmh ziv xlnkorxzgvw zmw gsv zmhdvih ziv hrnkov."
"Z kvihlm'h z kvihlm, ml nzggvi sld hnzoo."
HintUse the Atbash Cipher.
Answer"Sometimes the questions are complicated and the answers are simple."
"A person's a person, no matter how small."
This uses the Atbash Cipher, which is a substitution cipher that reverses the letters of the alphabet. In other words, A = Z, B = Y, C = X, etc.
See another brain teaser just like this one...
Or, just get a random brain teaser
If you become a registered user you can vote on this brain teaser, keep track of
which ones you have seen, and even make your own.
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Want to personalize learning for your students but don’t know where to start?
Teachers have a chance to take their students on a virtual tour with NASA scientists and engineers, thanks to the foundation of Grammy winner will.i.am, NASA and Discovery Education.
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Want to personalize learning for your students but don’t know where to start?
Teachers have a chance to take their students on a virtual tour with NASA scientists and engineers, thanks to the foundation of Grammy winner will.i.am, NASA and Discovery Education.
On Wednesday, Dec. 12, at 1 p.m. EST, the virtual field trip will launch into the Mars Curiosity Rover mission. Students can ask questions live. And if the time doesn't work, teachers can show the archive of the live event when it's available.
This field trip is part of the i.am.STEAM initiative from the i.am.angel foundation and Discovery Education. The initiative is designed to inspire and prepare students for science, technology, engineering, arts and math careers.
The mission event will include a look at the rover, a NASA video of Mars and time with the NASA staff who worked on the mission. To register a class, visit the i.am.steam event site.
You may use or reference this story with attribution and a link to
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Regulation of apoptosis by p53 and the ecdysone receptor co-activator TRR in Drosophila
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a known regulator of apoptosis following exposure to DNA damage-inducing radiation. This
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Regulation of apoptosis by p53 and the ecdysone receptor co-activator TRR in Drosophila
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a known regulator of apoptosis following exposure to DNA damage-inducing radiation. This function is conserved in Drosophila, where p53 can induce apoptosis through up-regulation of the cell death gene reaper (rpr). The Drosophila Ecdysone receptor (ER), a receptor for the steroid hormone ecdysone, is known to regulate programmed cell death during development, also through induction of rpr. While there is much data showing that p53 activity can be influenced by steroid hormone receptors, the precise nature of any functional interaction between the two is unclear. This work shows that ER is required for induction of apoptosis in embryos following exposure to radiation. Together with p53, the ER and its co-activator methyltransferase (MTase) Trithorax-related (TRR) are essential for the strong increase in transcription of rpr and two other cell death genes, sickle and grim, showing a direct role for the steroid hormone response in this apoptotic pathway. Mechanistically, ER influences p53 function through direct methylation of p53 by its co-activator TRR. This occurs on the rpr gene, where TRR can specifically di-methylate p53 at lysine 379 after radiation treatment, and this modification is essential in vivo for induction of apoptosis. Thus, these results demonstrate a specific mechanism by which a steroid hormone receptor and p53 are involved in co-regulation of cell death following DNA damage-induced apoptosis. This new mechanism may be applicable to the previously described relationship between p53 and the estrogen receptor during cancer treatment, as the human TRR homolog (ALR) is part of an estrogen receptor co-regulator complex. ^
Kristen Marie Riley,
"Regulation of apoptosis by p53 and the ecdysone receptor co-activator TRR in Drosophila"
(January 1, 2008).
ETD Collection for Thomas Jefferson University.
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This psalm seems to be an expression of thanksgiving rather for some particular deliverance, than for the constant aid by which God has always protected and preserved his Church. It may be inferred from it that the city of Jerusalem. when stricken
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This psalm seems to be an expression of thanksgiving rather for some particular deliverance, than for the constant aid by which God has always protected and preserved his Church. It may be inferred from it that the city of Jerusalem. when stricken with great terror, and placed in extreme danger, was preserved, contrary to all expectation, by the unlooked for and miraculous power of God. The prophet, therefore, whoever composed the psalm, commending a deliverance so singularly vouchsafed by God, exhorts the faithful to commit themselves confidently to his protection, and not to doubt that, relying fearlessly upon him as their guardian and the protector of their welfare, they shall be continually preserved in safety from all the assaults of their enemies, because it is his peculiar office to quell all commotions.
To the chief musician of the sons of Korah, a song upon Alamoth.
Interpreters are not agreed as to the meaning of the word
1 Others refer it, as Rosenmüller, to the victory of Jehoshaphat, which was celebrated with great rejoicing, 2 Chronicles 20:26-30. It is, however, difficult or impossible to ascertain with certainty the occasion on which it was composed. It seems rather the language of faith under threatened difficulties, than of triumph over vanquished foes. Thus, in the midst of threatened danger, it may be employed by Christians to support their faith, hope, and peace. This was Luther's favorite psalm. He composed a famous version of it on his journey to the Diet at Worms, where he went boldly to defend the Reformation at the risk of his life; and he was wont to say when threatened with any fresh trouble, "Come, let us sing the 46th Psalm."
Back to BibleStudyGuide.org.
These files are public domain. This electronic edition was downloaded from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
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Food Testing for Safe Tasting
Consumers want to know what's in their food, creating a demand for personal testing devices and technologies. Scientists and engineers are figuring out new ways to check for harmful allergens and help people stay on gluten-free
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Food Testing for Safe Tasting
Consumers want to know what's in their food, creating a demand for personal testing devices and technologies. Scientists and engineers are figuring out new ways to check for harmful allergens and help people stay on gluten-free diets, with some of those technologies focusing on smartphones and apps.
As parents of children with peanut sensitivities well know, awareness of what's in their kids' food is of paramount importance.
In order to detect this allergen -- and many others -- engineers at UCLA have created a system called iTube. It involves placing a small amount of food in a test tube with chemicals, shining a light on it, and then using a smartphone's camera and a specially-designed app to analyze the light for signs of particular ingredients, such as peanuts, eggs, or other allergens.
iTube is still in the research and development phase, but the technology has been licensed out and may soon be available to the public.
"There are a lot of allergens that people are dealing with, especially for children," Aydogan Ozcan, an associate professor in the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science and one of iTube's developers, told TechNewsWorld. "For parents, it will be a great tool. It will also be useful for restaurants and airplanes. It's going to make life easier for a lot of people."
Users of the app will be able to upload the information to a server, where it could be shared with other users who might be curious about the composition of foods at particular restaurants or other public places.
"It gives users access to a large scale database, and as the number of users of this app increases, it can give people a lot of information," said Ozcan. "If you want to go to a certain restaurant, you can see what's being served there."
The system relies on the high-quality cameras and processing systems in contemporary smartphones to make this highly-accurate and focused chemical detection possible.
"Smartphones have very advanced optical components," said Ozcan. "Their cameras are very advanced, very high-resolution."
The app will also determine not just the presence of a certain ingredient, but also its concentration.
"It's based on the intensity of the transmitted light," he explained. "The more allergen, the less intense it gets. [The app] quantifies the amount that is present."
The need for allergen detection is great -- both for those with life-threatening allergies and those with dietary sensitivities -- and it will be particularly useful to have this detection power in a mobile device.
"There's a huge need for allergen detection, and cell phones form a unique platform," said Ozcan. "It's going to be a very convenient tool."
Many people are seeking to eliminate gluten from their diets, so there's a large market for devices for detecting this particular ingredient in foods. One such product is EZ Gluten, which is marketed by ELISA Technologies.
EZ Gluten is a test strip that uses an antibody to detect chemical components of gluten when a sample of food is placed on the strip, and it's a valuable test for those who need to avoid consuming gluten.
"Gluten shows up in the strangest places," Laura Allred, president of ELISA Technologies, told TechNewsWorld. "Labeling regulations are not yet in place, and... many people are sensitive to gluten."
The product empowers consumers to know what's in their foods and other products, which might or might not be labeled as containing gluten.
"We have customers who have tested cosmetics, gasoline, pet foods and many other items that would not be covered under food labeling laws, but which affect them because of their gluten sensitivity," said Allred. "We realize people can't and shouldn't have to test everything they eat, but by verifying that a product is truly gluten-free as advertised, consumers can develop confidence in manufacturers and know which companies and products to trust."
Higher Up the Food Chain
The most sophisticated food testing technologies are not yet in the hands of consumers, since they require specialized skills and equipment. Much of the testing for allergens and pathogens, therefore, still happens in labs and at manufacturing facilities -- in an effort to protect both consumers and the reputation of food producers.
"In the last few years, the international food industry was shaken by numerous scandals that undermined the trust of many consumers," Marcia Armstrong, scientific affairs manager of global applied testing with food-testing technology manufacturer QIAGEN, told TechNewsWorld. "Food testing technologies help to bridge this industry-consumer gap. From an industry perspective, these technologies primarily help to prevent economic loss through reputation-damaging and costly product recalls."
Eventually, Armstrong predicts, some of these more highly-sensitive and ac
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British bulldogs (game)
It is played mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and other Commonwealth countries by children at school. It was originated in Great Britain. The game is also known to have
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British bulldogs (game)
It is played mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and other Commonwealth countries by children at school. It was originated in Great Britain. The game is also known to have been played, often on asphalt recess yards, by schoolchildren in Rhode Island in the 1960s, under the name "cock-a-rooster." The game is characterised by its physicality often being regarded as violent leading it to be banned from many schools, although this trend is now being reversed.
The play area is usually a large hall or large area of a playing field, though there is no definition of the size of the pitch nor the number of players as long as there is enough space for the players to manoeuvre and enough players to have fun.
Most commonly one or two players – though this number may be higher in large spaces – are selected to play the parts of the "bulldogs". The bulldogs stand in the middle of the play area. All remaining players stand at one end of the area (home). The aim of the game is to run from one end of the field of play to the other, without being caught by the bulldogs. When a player is caught, they become a bulldog themselves. The winner is the last player or players 'free'.
As is usual with games, the particular rules applied vary from location to location, but with the same principle. The playing area consists of a main playing area, with two 'home' areas on opposing sides (similar to the touchdown areas used in rugby or American football). The home areas are the width of the playing area and are usually marked by a line or some other marker.
Each game of bulldogs consists of a sequence of rounds, and it is usual to play a number of games back-to-back with different bulldogs each time. The game is initiated with a sing
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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The smallest bit; iota.
- transitive v. To write down briefly or hastily: jot down an address.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons
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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The smallest bit; iota.
- transitive v. To write down briefly or hastily: jot down an address.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle.
- n. a brief and hurriedly written note
- v. To write quickly.
- v. To go quickly.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. bit, n.
- transitive v. To set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by down.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. An iota; a point; a tittle; the least quantity assignable.
- To set down quickly and with few strokes in writing or sketching; make a brief note or memorandum of: usually with down.
- To jog; jolt; bump; nudge.
- Plump; downright.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. a slight but appreciable amount
- v. write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of
- n. a brief (and hurriedly handwritten) note
Middle English jote, from Latin iōta, iota, from Greek, iota; see iota.(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
From Latin iōta, from ἰῶτα (iōta). (Wiktionary)
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Is A Blue Whale the Biggest Thing There Is? by Robert Wells
Students will gain a better understanding of measurement in relation to size of objects
Lesson created by:
1. DOING THE LESSON
Engage: Teacher will read the book
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Is A Blue Whale the Biggest Thing There Is? by Robert Wells
Students will gain a better understanding of measurement in relation to size of objects
Lesson created by:
1. DOING THE LESSON
Engage: Teacher will read the book to the class. During the reading, the teacher can ask the students to think about their study of whales and the comparison of the size of whales to other objects.
Explore: After reading the story, the teacher and the students will go out into the hallway and designate a starting point (would generally be by the classroom door). A student will be designated as the official tape measure holder. The teacher will show one of the laminated circles (we used four different types of whales with varying sizes) with the statistical information about a whale. I began with the smallest of the four. The information regarding the whales' size was read aloud. Several students were chosen to estimate the distance of the whale's size. Those students stood on their spot after making their estimation. With assistance from the teacher, one student measured out the exact distance using the 100-foot tape measure. The student whose estimate was the closest placed the laminated circle on the exact spot. This procedure was repeated for each different type of whale. The Blue Whale being the biggest animal was done last. The students were really able to put into perspective how long 100 feet actually is by being able to visually observe the measurement.
Elaboration: Students will use creativity to show the measurement of whales in comparisons to everyday objects familiar to the students, such as how many paper clips long would a beluga whale be.
Extension: Students will work in groups to make comparisons of animals, such as the size of a shrew compared to a whale and be able to distinguish small from large.
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On July 9, 2005, at 1050 central daylight time, a Cessna 210E, N4933U, was landed in a corn field in La Gygne, Kansas, following a loss of engine
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On July 9, 2005, at 1050 central daylight time, a Cessna 210E, N4933U, was landed in a corn field in La Gygne, Kansas, following a loss of engine power. The private pilot and two passengers were not injured. The airplane was substantially damaged. The 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight was operating in visual meteorological conditions without a flight plan. The flight originated from Gardner, Kansas, at 1030, with an intended destination of Ozark, Missouri. Use your browsers 'back' function to return to synopsisReturn to Query Page
The pilot reported that upon reaching 7,500 feet he was adjusting the engine to cruise power, when the engine went to idle. He reported he pulled the throttle out, pushed it back in and got a "little power surge." He stated that there was no change in power when he adjusted the throttle a second time. The pilot reported, "I attempted a third time and it came out of the dash (about a foot)." He reported he threaded the cable back into the instrument panel and established communications with air traffic control inflight watch.
The pilot stated he was given a vector to the Miami County Airport and upon reaching an altitude of 3,000 to 3,500 feet, he realized the airport was too far away and that he needed to pick a field in which to land. The pilot stated he selected a corn field and made a "textbook" landing, but the airplane "weathervaned" shortly after touching down. The pilot stated, "I informed them [air traffic control] that the airplane looked to be in pretty good shape, not realizing the amount of damage that corn can do to sheet metal!"
The throttle cable was removed from the airplane and sent to the National Transportation Safety Board's Materials Laboratory in Washington D.C. for examination. The factual report of this examination stated that the motion of the throttle knob is transmitted to the steel plunger through the cable, which is composed of a strand of seven steel wires surrounded by a coiled steel inner spring. When in operation, both the stranded cable and the inner spring move within an outer coiled steel flat wire casing. The seven wires and the inner spring fractured where they were connected to the end of the plunger. The wiires on one side of the strand (on both sides of the fracture) showed wear from relative motion between the stranded cable and the inner spring. The inner spring itself showed matching areas of wear.
The report continued to state that areas of fatigue cracking were visible on both the cable and the inner spring. In addition, the report stated the area of wear visible on the outer sleeve of the plunger began to impinge on the inner brass tube. The brass tub
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RICEVILLE, TX (MATAGORDA COUNTY)
RICEVILLE, TEXAS (Matagorda County). Riceville was in south central Matagorda County, probably at a site west of Lake Austin and south of Farm Road
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RICEVILLE, TX (MATAGORDA COUNTY)
RICEVILLE, TEXAS (Matagorda County). Riceville was in south central Matagorda County, probably at a site west of Lake Austin and south of Farm Road 521 about thirteen miles southeast of Bay City. It was settled in the early 1900s by families from Kansas and Oklahoma who came because of a land promotion. The community was laid out as a town but never developed beyond a school and a number of farms. Residents, who made use of the canal systems under construction at
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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmun
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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
|Section throuch human nose with olfactory nerve|
|Dogs have very sensitive noses|
Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose is the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout.
As an interface between the body and the external world, the nose and associated structures frequently perform additional functions concerned with conditioning entering air (for instance, by warming and/or humidifying it, also for flicking if moving and by mostly reclaiming moisture from the air before it is exhaled (as occurs most efficiently in camels). The nose hairs are able to stop unwanted particles from entering the lungs.
Sense of directionEdit
The wet nose of dogs is useful for the perception of direction. The sensitive cold receptors in the skin detect the place where the nose is cooled the most and this is the direction a particular smell that the animal just picked up comes from.
Structure in air-breathing formsEdit
In amphibians and lungfish, the nostrils open into small sacs that, in turn, open into the forward roof of the mouth through the choanae. These sacs contain a small amount of olfactory epithelium, which, in the case of caecilians, also lines a number of neighbouring tentacles. Despite the general similarity in structure to those of amphibians, the nostrils of lungfish are not used in respiration, since these animals breathe through their mouths. Amphibians also have a vomeronasal organ, lined by olfactory epithelium, but, unlike those of amniotes, this is generally a simple sac that, except in salamanders, has little connection with the rest of the nasal system.
In reptiles, the nasal chamber is generally larger, with the choanae being located much further back in the roof of the mouth. In crocodilians, the chamber is exceptionally long, helping the animal to breathe while partially submerged. The reptilian nasal chamber is divided into three parts: an anterior vestibule, the main olfactory chamber, and a posterior nasopharynx. The olfactory chamber is lined by olfactory epithelium on its upper surface and possesses a number of turbinates to increase the sensory area. The vomeronasal organ is well-developed in lizards and snakes, in which it no longer connects with the nasal cavity, opening directly into the roof of the mouth. It is smaller in turtles, in which it retains its original nasal connection, and is absent in adult crocodilians.
Birds have a similar nose to reptiles, with the nostrils being located at the upper rear part of the beak. Since they generally have a poor sense of smell, the olfactory chamber is small, although it does contain three turbinates, which sometimes have a complex structure similar to that of mammals. In many birds, including doves and fowls, the nostrils are covered by a horny protective shield. The vomeronasal organ of birds is either under-developed or altogether absent, depending on the species.
The nasal cavities are exceptionally large in most mammals, typically occupying up to half the length of the skull. In some groups, however, including primates, bats, and cetaceans, the nose has been secondarily reduced, and these animals consequently have a relatively poor sense of smell. The nasal cavity of mammals has been enlarged, in part, by the development of a palate cutting off the entire upper surface of the original oral cavity, which consequently becomes part of the nose, leaving the palate as the new roof of the mouth. The enlarged nasal cavity contains complex turbinates forming coiled scroll-like shapes that help to warm the air before it reaches the lungs. The cavity also extends into neighbouring skull bones, forming additional air cavities known as paranasal sinuses.
In cetaceans, the nose has been reduced to the nostrils, which have migrated to the top of the head, producing a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. Conversely, the elephant's nose has elaborated into a long, muscular, manipulative organ called the trunk.
The vomeronasal organ of mammals is generally similar to that of reptiles. In most species, it is located in the floor of the nasal cavity, and opens into the mouth via two nasopalatine ducts running through the palate, but it opens directly into the nose in many rodents. It is, however, lost in bats, and in many primates, including humans.
Fish generally have a weak sense of smell, which is generally l
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|This article relies on references to primary sources. (April 2009)|
The Hebrew dictionary by Avraham Even-Shoshan, commonly known as the Even-Shoshan dictionary, was first published (1948–1952) as
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|This article relies on references to primary sources. (April 2009)|
The Hebrew dictionary by Avraham Even-Shoshan, commonly known as the Even-Shoshan dictionary, was first published (1948–1952) as "מִלּוֹן חָדָשׁ" (milon khadash, "A New Dictionary"), later (1966–1970) as "הַמִּלּוֹן הֶחָדָשׁ" (hamilon hekhadash, "The New Dictionary"), and finally (2003, well after his death) as "מִלּוֹן אֶבֶן־שׁוֹשָׁן" (milon even-shoshan, "The Even-Shoshan Dictionary;").
Throughout its history, the Even-Shoshan Dictionary has had great success among Hebrew speakers.
The Even-Shoshan Dictionary is written fully vowelized, and not just in ktiv maleh, because ktiv maleh may change the meaning slightly. For example, in the word "להניח" ('lehaniach'), if the ה ('heh') has a patach under it, it means "to cause rest;" while if it has a kamatz under it, it means "to place."
The dictionary contains over 70,000 words.
- Orach Chaim 25:7.
|This article about a dictionary is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
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Want to make a virtual visit to an Engineering Hall of Shame? You need go no further than the Consumer Product Safety Commission's website, where recall notices paint a bleak picture of engineering and manufacturing blunders.
The recalls that have garnered the most attention
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Want to make a virtual visit to an Engineering Hall of Shame? You need go no further than the Consumer Product Safety Commission's website, where recall notices paint a bleak picture of engineering and manufacturing blunders.
The recalls that have garnered the most attention lately have affected children's toys. Mattel, to take the most prominent example, recalled more than 20 million toys in August and another 700,000 toys in early September. More than 1 million of the recalls involved excessive levels of lead paint on Chinese-made toys from Mattel and its Fisher-Price subsidiary. The rest of the recalls took place because the toys contained small, powerful magnets that can turn deadly if they come loose and a child swallows them.
Mattel isn't alone in either the loose magnet or lead paint issues. In August, six other companies recalled children's toys and jewelry over lead paint issues. And the CPSC, in August, stepped up its warnings about increasingly prevalent use of magnets in toys, a design practice that has resulted in at least 33 emergency surgeries and one death.
Toy recalls may attract the most notice, but there's no shortage of recalls for other types of products, too. August's recall list contains a litany of fire, burn, shock, strangulation, laceration and drowning hazards for products ranging from space heaters to scuba masks.
So, do these recalls point to any wide-spread engineering crisis? Not really. Remember, even 30 or so recalls per month don't begin to represent the universe of consumer products. Most of these products, even the design duds, don't have unexpected safety consequences.
What's more, some recalls arguably have less to do with design engineering than with poor supervision of offshore manufacturers. Mattel, for example, lays the blame for some of its lead woes on a Chinese sub-contractor that applied an unauthorized paint.
Yet, even if some recalls are beyond the control of design engineers whose cubicles are thousands of miles away from the nearest Chinese factory, there's still no shortage of failures that really can be attributed to design errors.
For this reason alone, the recalls make good reading for any engineer who wants a reminder of what can go wrong.
Read more on the Mattel recalls.
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CHICAGO, IL.- The Art Institute of Chicago
, home of one of the most comprehensive architecture archives and photography collections in the United States, has organized an innovative exhibition that explores the work of Louis Sullivan through the lenses of legendary photographers John
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CHICAGO, IL.- The Art Institute of Chicago
, home of one of the most comprehensive architecture archives and photography collections in the United States, has organized an innovative exhibition that explores the work of Louis Sullivan through the lenses of legendary photographers John Szarkowski, Aaron Siskind, and Richard Nickel. These photographers employed their cameras to document and interpret Louis Sullivans architecture and, in the process, helped shape his legacy. Showcasing more than 60 photographs, 20 Sullivan drawings and sketches, and terracotta and metal architectural fragments, Looking After Louis Sullivan: Photographs, Drawings, and Fragmentson view in Photography Galleries 1 and 2 and Architecture Gallery 24 through December 12, 2010provides a rare opportunity to examine Sullivans structures and ornamental programs across a variety of media.
Since photographys beginnings in the 19th century, architecture has proven an ideal and compelling subject for the camera. In the 1950s, photographers John Szarkowski, Aaron Siskind, and Richard Nickel embarked separately on in-depth photographic explorations of structures designed by the renowned architect Louis Sullivan, whose commercial buildings and theaters of the 1880s and early 1890s broke with historical precedents by displaying a radical, organic fusion of formal and functional elements. Attracted to Sullivans renegade American spirit and uncompromising values, Szarkowski, Siskind, and Nickel also found inspiration in the play of light over his ornamented facades and the dynamism of his buildings within the bustling city of Chicago. The interest of these photographers came at a critical moment; many of Sullivans most important structures were being threatened with demolition in the service of urban renewal, and these photographic projects illustrated the fragile existence of his architecture, provided new impetus for its preservation, and recast Sullivans reputation in the annals of architecture.
During his lifetime, Sullivan was known as the father of the skyscraper and served as an important mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright and other members of the Prairie school. His work had largely fallen into obscurity by the 1930s, when a small group of historians began to identify the structural transparency and horizontal expanses of glass in his commercial building as early American manifestations of the International Style that was gaining in popularity worldwide. In order to fit Sullivans work into the triumphal narrative of modern architecture, scholars had to dramatically edit his oeuvre, marginalizing his writings and residential projects, and most importantly, disavowing his use of ornament. When photographers in the 1950s began taking pictures that focused on the sensuous, abstract, and even strange beauty of the architects façades, they reconstructed Sullivans project and demonstrated just how selective previous generations of scholars had been. The photographers put ornament back at the center of Sullivans production and drew new attention to it as the locus of art, intellect, and the freedom of mans creative powersas Sullivan had originally intended it to be.
John Szarkowski, who would later become a renowned curator at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, found a kindred spirit in Sullivan and spent five years photographing his buildings. He published these photographs in his 1956 book, The Idea of Louis Sullivan, which sought to reanimate the concepts fundamental to Sullivans work by integrating photography with contemporary interviews and excerpts from the architects writings. Independently, in fall 1952, Aaron Siskind, a teacher at Chicagos legendary Institute of Design, began leading student workshops patterned after his experiences with the Feature Group projects of the Photo League in New York. Siskind directed a photographic archive of Sullivan buildings in and around Chicago, engaging a team of students eager to participate in what would come to be known as the Sullivan Project. One of these students was Richard Nickel, who intensively researched and documented Sullivans structures for his masters thesis, discovering many that had been previously unknown.
Nickel ultimately made the photographyand later, as more buildings were slated for demolition, the preservationof Sullivans buildings his lifes work. Nickel died while trying to rescue ornament from Sullivans Stock Exchange Building.
Looking After Louis Sullivan: Photographs, Drawings, and Fragments is unique in its insistence on showcasing the work of these photographers within the context of primary Sullivan material, including here fragments from destroyed Sullivan buildings and sketches from Sullivans own hand. The exhibition is drawn from the permanent collections of the Department of Photography and the Department of Architecture and Design at the Art Institute, and the works in the exhibition reflect a shared concern with the human experience of architecture and the integrity of artistic expression.
Looking After Louis Sullivan: Photographs, Drawings, and Fragments is curated by Elizabeth Siegel, Associate Curator of Photography at the Art Institute of Chicago, and Alison Fisher, the Schiff Assistant Curator of Architecture at the Art Institute of Chicago.
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In an effort to curb guerilla warfare in Missouri and Kansas, Union General Thomas Ewing who commanded at Kansas City, on Tuesday, August 25, 1863 issued General Order No. 11. All persons in Jackson, Cass
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In an effort to curb guerilla warfare in Missouri and Kansas, Union General Thomas Ewing who commanded at Kansas City, on Tuesday, August 25, 1863 issued General Order No. 11. All persons in Jackson, Cass, and Bates counties, Missouri, plus parts of Vernon County, were immediately to evacuate their homes.
Those who could prove their loyalty to the Union would be permitted to resettle at military posts. All others had to leave the area. Eventually, an estimated twenty thousand people around the Kansas City area were displaced, with their abandoned homes, barns, and crops often destroyed.
While having little or no direct effect on partisan fighters like the Redlegs or border ruffians such as Quantrill, the
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Check if character is printable
Checks whether c is a printable character.
A printable character is a character that occupies a printing position on a display (this is the opposite of a control character, checked with iscntrl).
For the standard ASCII character
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Check if character is printable
Checks whether c is a printable character.
A printable character is a character that occupies a printing position on a display (this is the opposite of a control character, checked with iscntrl).
For the standard ASCII character set (used by the "C" locale), printing characters are all with an ASCII code greater than 0x1f (US), except 0x7f (DEL).
isgraph returns true for the same cases as isprint except for the space character (' '), which returns true when checked with isprint but false when checked with isgraph.
For a detailed chart on what the different ctype functions return for each character of the standard ANSII character set, see the reference for the <cctype> header.
In C++, a locale-specific template version of this function (isprint) exists in header <locale>.
- Character to be checked, casted to an int, or EOF.
A value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is a printable character. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.
/* isprint example */
int main ()
char str="first line \n second line \n";
This code prints a string character by character until a character that is not printable is checked and breaks the while-loop. In this case, only the first line would be printed, since the line ends with a newline character ('\n'), which is not a printable character.
- Check if character is a control character (function
- Check if character is a white-space
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Tofu is a plant based protein source that is made from soybeans. Soybeans are soaked overnight in water and then added to a pot of water to boil; next the soybeans are blended and then strained through a cheese cloth. The
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Tofu is a plant based protein source that is made from soybeans. Soybeans are soaked overnight in water and then added to a pot of water to boil; next the soybeans are blended and then strained through a cheese cloth. The liquid is soymilk and the solid is called okara. The milk is heated again and a coagulant is added; the tofu is now pressed forming curds and whey. There are several varieties of tofu: soft, medium soft firm or extra firm.
A Answers (3)
Michael T Murray, Naturopathic Medicine, answered
Tofu, or bean curd, is now a well-known food. After soy sauce, it is the biggest seller among soy foods in the U.S.
Tofu is made from soy milk by coagulating the soy proteins with calcium or magnesium salts, often in the form of nigan seaweed. The liquid (whey) is discarded, and the curds are pressed to form a cohesive bond. The degree of pressing produces soft, regular, or firm tofu.
Doreen Rodo, Nutrition & Dietetics, answeredTofu is made by coagulating soy milk. There are many types and it can be used in soups, stews and stir fried entrees. It contains a good source of protein and many vegetarians use it as a daily staple in their diet. Studies show that it is beneficial in lowering cholesterol and preventing hot flashes.
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THE AGE OF TREES.
HAVING been a regular reader of "The Popular Science Monthly" from its commencement, I have, of course, noticed the various articles having reference to the value of the concentric rings in determining the age of trees
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THE AGE OF TREES.
HAVING been a regular reader of "The Popular Science Monthly" from its commencement, I have, of course, noticed the various articles having reference to the value of the concentric rings in determining the age of trees which from time to time have appeared in its columns, the last of which, in your August issue, induces me to give you the result of my observations upon this subject. I have had my attention directed to it during a residence of over forty years in Florida, during which my views as to the value of the rings in determining the age of trees have undergone a change. For the first few years my efforts were directed toward securing a grateful shade for the streets of the city of Jacksonville, and for this purpose the water-oak was selected on account of its beauty, symmetry of form, and rapid growth. And now the appellation of "Forest City," applied to it by visitors, is in no sense inappropriate, for many of the older trees have attained a size which in the State of New York, whence I came, would have required a hundred years to reach. Strangers from the North are apt to overestimate the age of our trees, and the number of rings presented appears to confirm in many instances the correctness of their estimate. When first called upon to account for the discrepancy shown by the rings, and the known age of the tree, I was perplexed and at a loss to find a satisfactory solution of the problem. But, having from my first arrival here kept a careful record of the weather, an analysis of my tables, a comparison with the record made by Nature on her infallible tablets in the trees furnished me the key to it.
Here, as well as at the North, the cold of winter puts a stop to vegetable growth, and in all exogenous trees a concentric ring will be formed, embracing all woody matter deposited since the preceding stop to its growth; but here in this climate causes are in operation that frequently produce as complete a stop to vegetable growth as docs the cold of winter.
Our spring begins in February, when growth commences a new deposit between the bark and wood, but often (not always) there comes so severe a drought during late spring and early summer as to produce as full and complete a stop to vegetable growth as does the cold of winter; immediately after comes on our rainy season, generally
about the middle or last of June, producing a rapid and luxuriant growth, which continues until winter again puts a stop to it. Our rainy seasons, however, do not consist of deluges of rain that overflood the country, but of daily showers, occurring in the early part of the afternoon, lasting an hour or two, leaving the sky bright and clear, the air cool for the rest of the twenty-four hours, comfortable to man, and favorable to luxuriant vegetable growth. The rainy seasons, when regular, continue day after day, for about sixty days, but often there is an interval of clear, sunshiny weather, for about a fortnight, between the rainy periods, which carries the rainy season into the fall months. Upon examination of the tree, it will be found that, when those severe droughts have put a stop to vegetable growth, a concentric ring well defined has been produced, and the growth which has occurred during the rainy season and until winter's cold has formed another and perhaps a thicker ring, making two rings in one year. But the phenomena of such a year are not necessarily repeated each year, for considerable variation occurs.
What physiological meaning is attached to these rings? They simply mark the amount of growth of woody matter deposited day by day between the periods when a stop to vegetable growth has prevented daily deposit and produced a line of, whether from drought of summer or cold of winter.
For some two or three years before his lamented death, Professor Jeffries Wyman was exploring the mounds of Florida. It was my privilege to enjoy his acquaintance and learn his views on matters of science in which we were both interested. I have heard him express his belief that he had reached an approximate age of some of the mounds which he had explored, by the indications which the trees growing upon them had furnished. It so happened that we were one time walking down-town together and passed a lot where preparations for building a dwelling-house were going on, and a tree which stood upon the proposed site was being cut down. He remarked that it was sacrilege to cut down so noble a tree; he would have changed the site of the house and let the tree remain as a shade, "for," said he, "it would take a hundred years to produce such another tree." In that, I told him, he was mistaken, as I knew the age of that tree, and it was not yet thirty years old. "Impos-
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Stephen Haggerty is a 2011 recipient of Eastern Kentucky University’s Critical Thinking Teacher of the year award. The award is given to recognize “outstanding faculty members who have had an effect on developing their students’ critical/creative thinking skills
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Stephen Haggerty is a 2011 recipient of Eastern Kentucky University’s Critical Thinking Teacher of the year award. The award is given to recognize “outstanding faculty members who have had an effect on developing their students’ critical/creative thinking skills.” (Read more about the award at Think EKU.)
In this two-part interview I discuss critical thinking with Stephen Haggerty.
What is the primary goal of critical thinking?
If I am a critical thi
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|McAlister Iii, David|
|Roberts, Bruce - UC COOP EXT, HANFORD, CA|
|Lewis, Brad - NMSU, LAS CRUCES, NM|
Submitted to: National Cotton Council
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|McAlister Iii, David|
|Roberts, Bruce - UC COOP EXT, HANFORD, CA|
|Lewis, Brad - NMSU, LAS CRUCES, NM|
Submitted to: National Cotton Council Beltwide Cotton Conference
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: January 8, 2003
Publication Date: August 1, 2003
Citation: Funk, P.A., Armijo, C.B., McAlister, D.D., Brashears, A.D., Bancroft, J.S., Roberts, B.A., Lewis, B.E. 2003. Thermal defoliation. National Cotton Council. CD-ROM p. 2549-2553. Interpretive Summary: Using hot air as a defoliant provides organic producers with an important tool. Other producers may also appreciate this alternative to chemical defoliation. Three years of research (and one season in three states) are summarized, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. Unexpected benefits include the ability to defoliate during bad weather, to harvest two days later independent of intervening temperatures, and to stop insects responsible for stickiness.
Technical Abstract: Cotton producers increasingly are under pressure to reduce chemical use, control stickiness, avoid weather damage, and make a profit in the face of the lowest cotton prices in history. Organic producers are called upon to produce a high quality fiber without using any chemicals at all. The thermal defoliation research reported here is an attempt to provide producers with additional tools to meet these objectives. Thermal defoliation gives organic producers a way to terminate their crop. Other producers may appreciate being able to eliminate insects that cause stickiness, to defoliate during bad weather, and to harvest shortly after treatment. Thermal defoliation was shown to work in three states (and over three years in New Mexico) in Pima, Acala, and upland cotton varieties. While defoliation (leaf drop) is not as great as that attained with chemical treatment, desiccation (leaf withering) is usually more pronounced, and almost instantaneous. Two weeks after heat treating at 300 F for 8 seconds (burning 13 gallons of propane per acre) plants were 60% defoliated and 80% desiccated.
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The use of the word “narrative” in the title for this series of talks is important. During Holy Week we read the narrative of the events that are the passion, death and resurrection of Christ. We tell the story. But we
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The use of the word “narrative” in the title for this series of talks is important. During Holy Week we read the narrative of the events that are the passion, death and resurrection of Christ. We tell the story. But we don’t tell the story just to hear what happened. We tell it because it has something to say about who we are today. Here we touch on the difference between history and story/narrative. History tells us what happened – the when, where, who and how. But narrative is the telling of the story of what happened. Narrative is the selection and interpretation of the events of the past in order to throw light on the present.
It is no secret that the way in which we tell the story of what happened in the past is a powerful means of defining who we are today. Take for example the controversy that was sparked some years ago when the Taoiseach at the time decided to have the remains of Kevin Barry and others who were buried in Mountjoy Jail exhumed and re-interred in Glasnevin cemetery. There was uproar! History tells us that Kevin Barry was an 18 year old youth who was executed for his role in an ambush on British military in Dublin in 1920 in which three British soldiers died. There is no denying that this is part of our history. The question is, do we want this to be part of our story? In the context of the Peace Process, etc., is this the story we want to tell? (Another example would be the participation and deaths of thousands of Irishmen in the First World War: history tells us that this happened, but how was it never part of our story until recently?).
The Jews had their history and from that history they created a narrative that told the story of who they were as a people. Jesus was a Jew so this was his narrative. He interpreted himself in the light of this narrative. The Gospels tell the narrative of the life of Jesus and we interpret ourselves in the light of that narrative. So we have narrative being transformed into new narrative.
The narrative of the Jewish people
At the risk of being overly simplistic, the narrative of the Jewish people is found in what we call the Old Testament, in particular in what we call the “historical books”, and specifically the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy). The key moment in the process of establishing this narrative would appear to be the Exile in Babylon during the 6th century BC. The experience of the Exile seems to have caused the Jewish people to re-read their history, and the historical event that became the focus of this new narrative is the exodus from slavery in Egypt.
There are genuine historical concerns concerning the period of slavery in Egypt: was there ever a man called Moses? Were there seven plagues? Did the people really wander in the desert for forty years? The answer to all these questions is: we simply don’t know. Egyptian sources are silent on the presence of a large ethnic population of Hebrews as the Book of Exodus would have us understand. However, Egyptian sources do speak of conditions and building projects not unlike those described in Exodus. What we can say is that there was a tradition of a time spent in slavery in Egypt, and the story of liberation from that slavery is re-told to become a new narrative for the people. The two highpoints in this narrative are the Passover meal and the crossing of the Sea. We will now read extracts of the narrative of these two events.
The Passover Meal (Exodus 12)
As you read this text, ask yourself for what type of person was this written?
1 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 2 This month shall mark for you the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year for you. 3 Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth of this month they are to take a lamb for each family, a lamb for each household. 4 If a household is too small for a whole lamb, it shall join its closest neighbor in obtaining one; the lamb shall be divided in proportion to the number of people who eat of it. 5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a year-old male; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6 You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month; then the whole assembled congregation of Israel shall slaughter it at twilight. 7 Th
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Although swine influenza viruses usually sicken only pigs, potentially one might also spark a pandemic in people, as occurred with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Because few long-term studies have surveyed flu viruses in swine, however
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Although swine influenza viruses usually sicken only pigs, potentially one might also spark a pandemic in people, as occurred with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Because few long-term studies have surveyed flu viruses in swine, however, gaps exist in what is known about the evolution of swine influenza viruses and the conditions that enable a swine virus to infect humans and cause disease. Increased transportation of live pigs appears to have driven an increase in the diversity of swine influenza viruses found in the animals in Hong Kong over the last three decades, according to a new study.
In the longest study of its kind, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School researchers found that swine viruses crossed geographic borders and mixed with local viruses, increasing their diversity.
"The majority of reported human infections have been people with close contact to farm animals," said Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran, Ph.D., an assistant professor at Duke-NUS, who works in the Laboratory of Virus Evolution.
"I think the risk of swine-to-human transmission has not increased greatly, but the diversity of swine viruses has increased as shown in our study," Vijaykrishna said. "This means that the repertoire of viruses that humans are in contact with everyday has increased and this may lead to a higher likelihood of swine-to-human transmission, although the risk remains unquantified."
The study was published online in the journal Nature on May 25.
"The geographic transport of swine viruses that we highlight in our study is likely through the transport of live pigs," Vijaykrishna said. "Most swine viruses that have been described to date have been isolated from farmed pigs in Asia, Europe and North America. Some viruses have been isolated from backyard pigs in southeast Asia. However, no information is available on status of influenza in naturally roaming wild or domestic pigs."
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Formula One, or F-1, is the highest class of auto-racing and is ranked as such by the FIA (International Federation of Automobiles), the governing body of the motor sports world.
F-1 is a truly global phenomenon
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Formula One, or F-1, is the highest class of auto-racing and is ranked as such by the FIA (International Federation of Automobiles), the governing body of the motor sports world.
F-1 is a truly global phenomenon, as its season consists of a series of races held in varying cities and is often watched by several million people worldwide. The cars are capable of speeds of over 200 mph, and often pull 5 g in corners. The results of each Grand Prix are used to determine two World Championships, one for drivers and one for construction teams.
F-1 is also a very unique sport, as its operating costs render it the most expensive form of organized competition in the world. Due to the incessant financial demands, the sport is heavily dependent on sponsorships and merchandising. Because of its global appeal, 9 of 17 Grands Prix are held outside of Europe, F-1 races generate millions of dollars both locally and for construction teams. This revenue has allowed teams to maintain high budgets while expanding their appeal through excellent marketing campaigns.
The series originated in 1950 using front-engined, narrow treaded tires with relatively small engines. The introduction of mid-engined cars made of aluminum sheet material in the mid 1960s paved the way for profound changes in technology and marketing in the sport. It was during this period that advertising placed on the cars themselves began a high revenue trend that continues today. Modern cars are mid-engined and open cockpit, open-wheeled with a single seat. The entire chassis is made of carbon fibre composites making it extremely light but strong. The entire car, including engine, driver, and fluids weighs only 605 kg.
An F-1 event spans an entire weekend, with practice sessions on Friday and Saturday and the race itself on Sunday. The entire event usually draws crowds of over 200, 000 people, with up to 90, 000 watching the Sunday race. Races are about 190 miles long and are limited to two hours, with drivers able to make one or more pitstops during the race. F-1 awards points to the top eight drivers and their respective teams of a grand prix on a 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis (the top team receiving 10 points, 8th place team 1), with the driver and team with the most points at the end of the season each winning their respective World Championships. There are usually at least 16 teams at the beginning of a race.
The performance of an F-1 car during a race has several variables, including cornering speed, aerodynamic downforce, tires, and driver skills. Engines are mandated 2.4 Litre V8s, producing 20, 000 rpm and 780 horsepower. Engines run on unleaded fuel closely resembling publicly available petrol.
The most impressive aspect of an F-1 event, aside from the cars themselves, is its viewership. The 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix attracted an audience of 83 million viewers, with over 150 million tuning in at some point in the event. During the 2005 season, F-1 was witnessed by 580 million viewers and was broadcast in over 200 countries. The series is continuing to show signs of growth, and is steadily gaining a foothold in the North American, Asian, and even African markets.
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Allegorical Figures Grace U.S. Coins|
November 15, 2012
This article was originally printed in Numismatic News.
>> Subscribe today!
The concept of symbolic women on coins is not new, and is older than the United
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Allegorical Figures Grace U.S. Coins|
November 15, 2012
This article was originally printed in Numismatic News.
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The concept of symbolic women on coins is not new, and is older than the United States. Great Britain has used Britannia as a national symbol for hundreds of years. France has had Marianne as a symbol of the republic since the 1700s. Female allegorical figures symbolizing faith, hope and charity are seen on older lira coins of Vatican City. Dating back to classical times, concepts of liberty, freedom, justice and other values have been represented by goddesses or allegorical figures.
American numismatists are familiar with the goddess of Liberty. Many different portraits of Liberty have appeared on United States coins since federal coinage began in 1792. From the quaint to the modern, matronly and youthful, the beautiful and downright ugly, Miss Liberty was depicted on circulation coins until 1947. The final Liberty design, the Walking Liberty on the half dollar, is considered one of the most attractive coinage designs and was brought back for use on the silver American Eagles in 1986.
Many different Liberty heads, faces and figures appeared on United States coins in silver, gold and copper. These portraits of Liberty often reflect the fashions and values of the day. And if pattern and experimental pieces are included, a vast array of Liberty portraits can be assembled. Some show her with long flowing hair, others with her hair bundled up. She wears a cap often. She may be standing, striding, or seated. Some portraits are lovely and popular with collectors, and some may look quite old-fashioned to modern eyes.
The 1792 issues show a matronly Liberty on the silver center cent and the half disme, with more attractive portraits on the Birch cent and the pattern quarter. A longtime rumor claims that Martha Washington was the model for the Liberty on the half disme. The early silver coins and large cents show a Liberty head with flowing hair; early gold coins show Liberty with her hair wrapped around a Phrygian cap, a symbol of liberty.
The lovely and popular Draped Bust design was used on silver and copper coins from 1795-1807. Liberty has a most attractive appearance, with long flowing curls, pulled back with a ribbon. A famous beauty of the day was supposedly the model for this design.
One of the most popular Liberty designs shows the goddess seated on a rock, holding a shield in one hand and a Phrygian cap in her other hand. From the small half dime to the silver dollar, the Seated Liberty appeared on silver coins from 1837-1892. A different type of Seated Liberty was used on the Trade dollar of 1873-1885.
Liberty wearing a coronet was the main motif on copper and gold coins of the 19th century, with a few variations. A more classic look was adopted for the quarter eagles and half eagles of the late 1830s, showing Liberty with classical features, as befitting a goddess worshipped in ancient times.
Perhaps the most popular Liberty head appeared on George Morgan’s silver dollar. A pretty young schoolteacher was the model for this coin, minted from 1878-1921. There is a pattern known as the Schoolgirl dollar, one of the loveliest designs that was never used, showing Liberty as a young lady with long hair and wearing a pearl necklace. Another beautiful Liberty is seen on another popular pattern coin – the 1879 Coiled Hair stella, or $4 gold piece.
Some patterns featuring a Liberty head show her wearing small shields as earrings.
The new dime, quarter and half dollar issued in 1916 show some of the most attractive and popular depictions of Liberty. Besides the half dollar, the Mercury dime and Standing Liberty quarter debuted this year. The dime shows Liberty wearing a cap with wings, symbolizing liberty of thought. The quarter depicts a full-length Liberty holding a shield and an olive branch. Collectors are familiar with the quarter’s two distinct types. These coins followed the rather plain Barber coinage, showing a rather mannish-looking Liberty head wearing a Phrygian cap. The Peace dollar of 1921-1935 shows a modern appearing woman, resembling a flapper of the era, representing Liberty. Sculptor Anthony de Francisci’s young wife Teresa was the model.
The Liberty figure on the Saint-Gaudens double eagle shows a strong young woman perched upon a rock, holding a torch and an olive branch. A modified version of this most beautiful United States coin design was adopted for use on the American Eagle gold pieces in 1986, and continues to this day.
Commemorative coins honoring the Statue of Liberty were struck on the 100th anniversary of the statue. Two views are seen: a side view on the half dollar, and a full-length facing view on the dollar. A close-up of the face of Liberty appears
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Tens of thousands of students and other protestors poured into the streets of Gwangju (Kwangju), a city in southwestern South Korea in the spring of 1980. They were protesting the state of martial law that had been in force
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Tens of thousands of students and other protestors poured into the streets of Gwangju (Kwangju), a city in southwestern South Korea in the spring of 1980. They were protesting the state of martial law that had been in force since a coup that previous year, which had brought down the dictator Park Chung-hee and replaced him with military strongman General Chun Doo-hwan.
As the protests spread to other cities, and the protestors raided army depots for weapons, the new president expanded his earlier declaration of martial law. Universities and newspaper offices were shuttered, and political activity was banned. In response, the protestors seized control of Gwangju. On May 17, President Chun sent additional army troops to Gwangju, armed with riot gear and live ammunition...
Background to the Gwangju Massacre:
On October 26, 1979, South Korean President Park Chung-hee was assassinated while visiting a gisaeng house (Korean geisha house) in Seoul. General Park had seized power in a 1961 military coup, and ruled as a dictator until Kim Jae-kyu, the Director of Central Intelligence, killed him. Kim claimed that he assassinated the president because of the increasingly harsh crack-downs on student protests over the country's increasing economic woes, brought about in part by sky-rocketing world oil prices.
The following morning, martial law was declared, the National Assembly (Parliament) was disbanded, and all public meetings of more than three people were banned, with an exception only for funerals. Political speech and gatherings of all kinds were prohibited. Nonetheless, many Korean citizens were optimistic about the change, since they now had a civilian acting president, Choi Kyu-hah, who promised among other things to halt the torture of political prisoners.
The moment of sunshine faded quickly, however. On December 12, 1979, Army Security Commander General Chun Doo-Hwan, who was in charge of investigating President Park's assassination, accused the army chief of staff with conspiring to kill the president. General Chun ordered troops down from the DMZ and invaded the Department of Defense building in Seoul, arresting thirty of his fellow generals and accusing them all of complicity in the assassination. With this stroke, General Chun effectively seized power in South Korea, although President Choi remained as a figurehead.
In the days that followed, Chun made it clear that dissent would not be tolerated. He extended martial law to the entire country, and sent police squads to the homes of pro-democracy leaders and student organizers to intimidate potential opponents. Among the targets of these intimidation tactics were the student leaders at Chonnam University in Gwangju...
In March of 1980, a new semester began, and university students and professors who had been banned from campus for political activities were allowed to return. Their calls for reform - including freedom of the press, and end to martial law, and free and fair elections - grew louder as the semester progressed. On May 15, 1980, approximately 100,000 students marched on Seoul Station demanding reform. Two days later, General Chun promulgated even harsher restrictions, closing down universities and newspapers once more, arresting hundreds of student leaders, and also arresting twenty-six political opponen
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Are these the 100 places that made Britain?
Which was more important in the making of Britain, a ruined abbey, a Dorset tree, a Liverpool cellar or a painted gable in Northern Ireland?
Battle Abbey was where Harold lost his
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Are these the 100 places that made Britain?
Which was more important in the making of Britain, a ruined abbey, a Dorset tree, a Liverpool cellar or a painted gable in Northern Ireland?
Battle Abbey was where Harold lost his crown and his life to William the Conqueror in 1066; Tolpuddle where in the 1830s a group of agricultural labourers discussed forming a union and paid for their audacity with transportation to Australia; and Free Derry Corner looks down on the narrow streets where 13 unarmed demonstrators were shot dead by the army in 1972. All are among the 100 sites nominated by historians to appear in a book as the places that made the modern nation.
The Liverpool cellar nominated by Peter Catterall, lecturer at Queen Mary, University of London, was a fruit warehouse, air raid shelter and egg packing station before in 1957 it became a music club and four years later gave the world the Beatles. "I don't think music was the only element of the 1960s, but it came to be emblematic of it," Catterall says. "You can't imagine Swinging London without the music. In a sense the band that made everything possible was the Beatles; it was they who paved the way for the idea that the British were good at music."
David Musgrove, who edited the book, spent months tramping around the ruins, industrial landscapes, archaeological sites, castles and cathedrals, and odd corners once brushed by the hand of history, checking out the 100 places nominated by scores of historians.
Many are internationally renowned, including the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Canterbury Cathedral and Blenheim Palace.
There are surprises. Gerard De Groot, professor of history at St Andrews, chose a nearby stretch of smooth green turf: the Old Course overlooked by the clubhouse of the Royal and Ancient golf club....
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Utah Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy
Utah's Wildlife Conservation Strategy: Saving Utah's Most Sensitive Species and Spaces as well as a Platform for Collaborative Wildlife Planning at the State Level
The State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program was developed in
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Utah Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy
Utah's Wildlife Conservation Strategy: Saving Utah's Most Sensitive Species and Spaces as well as a Platform for Collaborative Wildlife Planning at the State Level
The State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program was developed in 2001 to increase conservation funding for all fish and wildlife species. SWG expanded game and sport fish wildlife conservation revenues beyond traditional monies to include a funding source for all species (both game and nongame) and habitats of greatest conservation need. SWG is now the nation's core program to keep fish/wildlife from becoming federally threatened or endangered. Efforts are underway in Utah to restore habitat, enhance or reintroduce native species, and improve the stewardship of public and private lands using State Wildlife Grants (SWG).
To be eligible for SWG money, each state/territory must submit a Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) outlining conservation priorities for up to 10 years. Each state's strategy will:
- identify priority fish and wildlife species and their habitats
- assess threats to their survival, and
- identify actions that may be taken to conserve them over the long term
State fish and wildlife agencies are leading the development of CWCSs and seek voluntary input and assistance from diverse stakeholders, including land management and conservation groups, government agencies and planning entities, resource users, private landowners, and other citizens with wildlife interests.
In Utah, the UDWR has a CWCS Advisory Group that met 8 times from June 2003 through December 2004 to advise on the Strategy development; memb
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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2008)|
A capuchon is a cone-shaped ceremonial hat worn during the Mardi Gras celebration in the Cajun areas of southwestern Louisiana, known as the Courir de
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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2008)|
A capuchon is a cone-shaped ceremonial hat worn during the Mardi Gras celebration in the Cajun areas of southwestern Louisiana, known as the Courir de Mardi Gras. The rural celebration is based on early begging rituals, similar to those still celebrated by mummers, wassailers and celebrants of Halloween. As Mardi Gras is the celebration of the final day before Lent, celebrants drink and eat heavily, but dress in costume, ostensibly to protect their identities.
Many of the traditional costumes are derivatives of the costumes worn in early rural France during the same celebration. The costumes directly mock the nobility, the clergy and the educated; celebrants wear miter hats, mortarboards and capuchons, which were initially designed to mock the tall pointy hats worn by noble women.
These hats are still worn, primarily by men. The name "capuchon" comes from the same root word, "cappa" in Latin, meaning a cape or hood, that gives us "cap", "cape", "cope", "chapeau" in French, Capuchin monkeys, Capuchin friars, cappucinos and baseball caps. Chaperon (headgear) describes the development of the word. The hats are vibrantly decorated to match (or intentionally mis-match) the colorful Mardi Gras costumes that they accompany. They are often worn with a mask.
The capuchons worn by Mardi Gras celebrants are completely unrelated to the pointy hats worn by the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), founded after the American Civil War, and, in fact, predate the KKK costumes by several hundred years.
- Valdman, Albert; Rottet, Kevin; Ancelet, Barry; Klingler, Thomas; LaFleur, Amanda; Lindner, Tamara; Picone, Michael; Ryon, Dominique, eds. (November 12, 2009). Dictionary of Louisiana French: As Spoken in Cajun, Creole, and American Indian Communities (1 ed.). University Press of Mississippi. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-60473-403-4.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Courir de Mardi Gras.|
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Traffic safety has been one of those long-standing fault lines in the purported war between cars and pedestrians. In the one corner, we have traffic engineers who are given the task of designing roadways to maximize speed and capacity, while maintaining what is considered
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Traffic safety has been one of those long-standing fault lines in the purported war between cars and pedestrians. In the one corner, we have traffic engineers who are given the task of designing roadways to maximize speed and capacity, while maintaining what is considered an acceptable level of safety for motorists. You do this by making the roadway as forgiving as possible with wider lanes, longer sight distances, and nothing to crash into along the side of the road. In the other corner, pedestrian advocates have insisted on slowing cars down with traffic calming, on-street parking, pedestrian signal prioritization and lots of other strategies to look after their own safety. As the story goes, each side is locked in a shouting match over whose safety is the most important.
|Design Solutions for Balancing Traffic Conflicts and Speed. Source: Dumbaugh et. al.|
The researchers looked at almost 300,000 crashes in the San Antonio area and considered all of the details of where the crash happened, not just how many cars use the road or how wide the lanes are. They asked: Is this a pedestrian-scaled “Main Street” or is it an arterial lined with strip malls? Are there big box stores around? How many intersections are in the area, and how many people live nearby? Then they considered who was involved in the crash. Two vehicles? A vehicle and cyclist? A vehicle and a tree? With all of these variables in mind, they determined which factors were better correlated with a safer environment … and for whom.
The results may not entirely satisfy either side, but they make sense. Freeways turn out to be pretty safe, showing a relatively small proportion of crashes. This probably has more to do with the lack intersections on highways, than it does the opulent shoulders and smooth grades. With access limited to a few exits and entrances, there are just fewer chances to collide with an oncoming vehicle. But just as the highway engineers may consider theories are vindicated, the research shows that places on the opposite end of the spectrum are just as safe.
“The presence of pedestrian-scaled retail uses, on the other hand, was associated with significant reductions in multiple-vehicle, parked-car, fixed-object, and pedestrian crashes. We attribute this to reduced vehicle speeds. Street oriented buildings create a sense of visual enclosure of the street, communicating to the driver that greater caution is warranted, and resulting in reductions in both vehicle speed and crash incidence.”Consider all of the chaos of a Main Street scene. A driver is trying to parallel park while a cyclist dodges the opening door. Pedestrians are crossing at will, and delivery trucks are backing into their spaces. Visual stimulation is everywhere. The old engineering models would take all of these inputs and calculate a daily bloodbath, but nothing of the sort is happening. It’s a highly functional environment. The key here is that both the Main Street and the Freeway are relatively safe for all road users, motorists and pedestrians alike (although let’s admit that pedestrian safety on the freeway is purely a function of their non-existence).
The absolute worst places for everyone were the ones that fell between the cracks of the two paradigms. There’s one of these in your town. The wide highway with a traffic light every few hundred feet leading into strip shopping centers. They are designed to be Freeway-esque with plenty of room for you to veer out of your lane, yet with all of the conflicts of cars pulling in and out still there. These precautions are just a cruel trick, inducing drivers to take on more speed than they really should to their own detriment. Pedestrians are caught in the cross-fire with no armor, and before you judge them for having the audacity just to be there, remember that many service-sector workers have no choice. In the twentieth century we dreamed of the best of both words for our roadways – access and speed! - but ended up with the worst of both worlds.
Freeways will still be utilized for those long-distance trips between cities, at least while gas is still relatively inexpensive. They should continue to be designed to handle the high speeds they command, to allow drivers to travel safely. But within highly-concentrated urban areas, mindlessly applying these same standards wrecks havoc. In these cases, a design approach that takes into account the whole context of the street yields a much safer result for pedestrians and motorists alike.
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Scientists have identified a genetic link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, a finding they say could open new doors for treating and preventing the disease.
It has been known for some time that people with diabetes have a much higher risk of developing Alzheimer's,
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Scientists have identified a genetic link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, a finding they say could open new doors for treating and preventing the disease.
It has been known for some time that people with diabetes have a much higher risk of developing Alzheimer's, but not why this is so.
Now, in experiments on worms, researchers from the City College of New York found that a known Alzheimer's gene also plays a role in the way insulin is processed.
A key indication of Alzheimer's, which can only be seen after death, is the presence of sticky plaques of amyloid protein in decimated portions of patients' brains. It's known
that mutations in a gene involved in the processing of amyloid protein in Alzheimer's which run in families. Now, the researchers who looked at a similar gene in the
nematode worms (C-elegans) found the gene also affected their insulin pathway -- the chemical reactions involved in its production and processing.
"People with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of dementia. The insulin pathways are involved in many metabolic processes, including helping to keep the nervous system
healthy," lead study author Prof Chris Li was quoted as saying by the BBC.
However, she stressed that more work was needed to probe this potential link and its effects further. Mark Johnston, editor-in-chief of the journal Genetics, which published the study, said it was an important discovery. "We know there's a link between Alzheimer's and diabetes, but until now it was somewhat of a mystery. This finding could
open new doors for treating and preventing the disease."Dr Marie Janson, director of development at Alzheimer's Research UK, said: "This early-stage study may provide an
interesting clue to help scientists unravel how diabetes and Alzheimer's are linked, but questions still remain to be answered.
"As this research looked at the effects of a gene in worms, studies are now needed to discover whether the equivalent gene in people has the same effect, and exactly what mechanisms may be involved."
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This is a simple music generation system that allows you to create music automatically using a variety of instruments. The music comes from a sequence of notes which are played by a simple 2d cellular automaton.
Left click to create an active cell.
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This is a simple music generation system that allows you to create music automatically using a variety of instruments. The music comes from a sequence of notes which are played by a simple 2d cellular automaton.
Left click to create an active cell. Active cells move towards the boundaries and are reflected. As they do this they generate a note, which depends on where they hit on the boundary. If two cells occupy the same square then they will each rotate their direction by 90 degrees clockwise.
These simple rules generate patterns that gradually evolve over time. The idea was based on the Otomata sequencer (http://www.earslap.com/projectslab/otomata)
Version 0.1 includes basic instruments with sounds from Apple's Garage Band.
There is no UI to edit the instruments but if you are adventurous then you can poke around in the "instruments" folders and change notes, sounds etc.
Source downloads require Python 2.6+, pygame 1.9+
Whats new in v0.1
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Rivalries often lead to envy and bitterness, but just as often they spark industry, perseverance, creativity, and accomplishment. Rivalry can be the catalyst for greatness. Abraham Lincoln may have been the better for his intense rivalry with Stephen A
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Rivalries often lead to envy and bitterness, but just as often they spark industry, perseverance, creativity, and accomplishment. Rivalry can be the catalyst for greatness. Abraham Lincoln may have been the better for his intense rivalry with Stephen A. Douglas and the presence of Malcolm X may have driven Martin Luther King to greater heights. The intense rivalry between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier may have made each man a greater fighter.
The first great rivalry in American politics was that of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Both men were already accomplished public figures when they entered George Washington’s cabinet. Author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson had also served as Virginia’s governor and as minister to France before becoming Washington’s Secretary of State. After winning laurels in the Revolutionary War, Hamilton attended the Constitutional Convention and wrote most of The Federalist essays before becoming Secretary of the Treasury. Read More »
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Microsoft® Windows® 2000 Scripting Guide
One of the strengths of the telephone directory is that no user manual is required to read and use it; this is because the telephone directory is laid out in a consistent and logical manner. In
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Microsoft® Windows® 2000 Scripting Guide
One of the strengths of the telephone directory is that no user manual is required to read and use it; this is because the telephone directory is laid out in a consistent and logical manner. In most U.S. communities, for example, telephone directories have a set of blue pages that contain information about schools and government agencies. These directories always feature a set of white pages that contain residential phone numbers. Phone numbers are sorted by the name of the resident, and are presented in alphabetical order, from A to Z. Telephone directories also contain a set of yellow pages that include business listings, this time ordered by the business category (Hairdressers, Sporting Goods, and so forth). No matter how big the directory, you can find phone numbers with relative ease, because you know exactly where to look for that information. Unlike, say, mystery novels, telephone directories are specifically designed to keep the suspense to a minimum.
To make your scripts easy to read and maintain, consider using a similarly consistent and logical structure. Although scripts vary depending on their nature and complexity, longer scripts might include the following sections:
Initialization section. Used for declaring variables and defining constants, the initialization section should always come first in a script.
This section might also be needed to parse command-line arguments and to ensure that the script is running under the proper script host. If necessary, these actions should always occur before the script does anything else. If your script requires three command-line arguments
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Olena Medelyan, Ian H. Witten, Dave Milne
Wikipedia can be utilized as a controlled vocabulary for identifying the main topics in a document, with article titles serving as index terms and redirect titles as their synonyms. Wikipedia
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Olena Medelyan, Ian H. Witten, Dave Milne
Wikipedia can be utilized as a controlled vocabulary for identifying the main topics in a document, with article titles serving as index terms and redirect titles as their synonyms. Wikipedia contains over 4M such titles covering the terminology of nearly any document collection. This permits controlled indexing in the absence of manually created vocabularies. We combine state-of-the-art strategies for automatic controlled indexing with Wikipedia’s unique property — a richly hyperlinked encyclopedia. We evaluate the scheme by comparing automatically assigned topics with those chosen manually by human indexers. Analysis of indexing consistency shows that our algorithm performs as well as the average person.
Subjects: 1.10 Information Retrieval; 13. Natural Language Processing
Submitted: May 4, 2008
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Sangre llama a sangre. (Blood cries out to blood.)--Latin American aphorism
The common "blood" of a people--that imperceptible flow that binds neighbor to neighbor and generation to generation--derives much
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Sangre llama a sangre. (Blood cries out to blood.)--Latin American aphorism
The common "blood" of a people--that imperceptible flow that binds neighbor to neighbor and generation to generation--derives much of its strength from cultural memory. Cultural memories are those transformative historical experiences that define a culture, even as time passes and it adapts to new influences. For oppressed peoples, cultural memory engenders the spirit of resistance; not surprisingly, some of its most powerful incarnations are rooted in religion. In this interdisciplinary examination, Jeanette Rodriguez and Ted Fortier explore how four such forms of cultural memory have preserved the spirit of a particular people.
Cultural Memory is not a comparative work, but it is a multicultural one, with four distinct case studies: the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe and the devotion it inspires among Mexican Americans; the role of secrecy and ceremony among the Yaqui Indians of Arizona; the evolving narrative of Archbishop Oscar Romero of San Salvador as transmitted through the church of the poor and the martyrs; and the syncretism of Catholic Tzeltal Mayans of Chiapas, Mexico. In each case, the authors' religious credentials eased the resistance encountered by social scientists and other researchers. The result is a landmark work in cultural studies, a conversation between a liberation theologian and a cultural anthropologist on the religious nature of cultural memory and the power it brings to those who wield it.
|Title:||Cultural Memory: Resistance, Faith & Identity||Publisher:||University of
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Letter and spirit of the law
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2008)|
||This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality. (July 2009)|
The letter of the law versus
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Letter and spirit of the law
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2008)|
||This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality. (July 2009)|
The letter of the law versus the spirit of the law is an idiomatic antithesis. When one obeys the letter of the law but not the spirit, one is obeying the literal interpretation of the words (the "letter") of the law, but not the intent of those who wrote the law. Conversely, when one obeys the spirit of the law but not the letter, one is doing what the authors of the law intended, though not necessarily adhering to the literal wording.
"Law" originally referred to legislative statute, but in the idiom may refer to any kind of rule. Intentionally following the letter of the law but not the spirit may be accomplished through exploiting technicalities, loopholes, and ambiguous language.
William Shakespeare wrote numerous plays dealing with the letter versus spirit antithesis, almost always coming down on the side of "spirit", often forcing villains (who always sided with the letter) to make concessions and remedy. In one of the best known examples, The Merchant of Venice, he introduces the quibble as a plot device to save both the spirit and the letter of the law. The moneylender Shylock has made an agreement with Antonio that if he cannot repay a loan he will have a pound of flesh from him. When the debt is not repaid in time Portia at first pleads for mercy in a famous speech: "The quality of mercy is not strain'd, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest: It blesseth him that gives and him that takes." (IV,i,185). When Shylock refuses, she finally saves Antonio by pointing out that Shylock's agreement with him mentioned no blood, and therefore Shylock can have his pound of flesh only if he sheds no blood.
U.S. Constitutional law
Interpretations of the U.S. Constitution have historically divided on the "Letter versus Spirit" debate. For example, at the founding, the Federalist Party argued for a looser interpretation of the Constitution, granting Congress broad powers in keeping with the spirit of the broader purpose of some founders (notably including the Federalist founders' purposes). The Federalists would have represented the "spirit" aspect. In contrast, the Democratic-Republicans, who favored a limited federal government, argued for the strict interpretation of the Constitution, arguing that the federal government was granted only those powers enumerated in the Constitution, and nothing not explicitly stated; they represented the "letter" interpretation.
Modern Constitutional interpretation also divides on these lines. Currently, Living Constitution scholars advocate a "spirit"-esque interpretative strategy, although one grounded in a spirit that reflects broad powers. Originalist or Textualist scholars advocate a more "letter"-based approach, arguing that the Amendment process of the Constitution necessarily forecloses broader interpretations that can be accomplished simply by passing an amendment.
The Christian Bible references the letter and the spirit of the law in Romans 2:29 NASB. Though it is not quoted directly, the principle is applied using the words "spirit" and "letter" in context with the legalistic view of the Hebrew Bible. This may be the first recorded use of the phrase.
In the New Testament, Pharisees are seen as people who place the letter of the law above the spirit (Mark 2:3–28, 3:1–6). Thus, "Pharisee" has entered the language as a pejorative for one who does so; the Oxford English Dictionary defines Pharisee with one of the meanings as A person of the spirit or character commonly attributed to the Pharisees in the New Testament; a legalist or formalist. Pharisees are also depicted as being lawless or corrupt (Matthew 23:38); the Greek word used in the verse means lawlessness, and the corresponding Hebrew word means fraud or injustice.
In the Gospels Jesus is often shown as being critical of Pharisees. He is more like the Essenes than the other Jewish groups of the time (Sadducees, Pharisees, Zealots); however, the Pharisees, like Jesus, believed in the resurrection of the dead, and in divine judgment. They advocated prayer, almsgiving and fasting as spiritual practices. The Pharisees were those who were trying to be faithful to the law given to them by God. Not all Pharisees, nor all Jews of that time, were legalistic. Though modern language has used the word Pharisee in the pejorative to describe someone who is legalistic and rigid, it is not an accurate description of all Pharisees. The argument over the "Spirit of the Law" vs. the "Letter of the Law" was part of early Jewish dialogue as well.
The Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) is one of t
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Chapter 8 — Economic Value —
Its Real Meaning and Final Measure
Value, as an economic term, means, as we have seen, value in exchange, or exchangeability. But from what does this quality of value in exchange proceed? And
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Chapter 8 — Economic Value —
Its Real Meaning and Final Measure
Value, as an economic term, means, as we have seen, value in exchange, or exchangeability. But from what does this quality of value in exchange proceed? And by what may we measure it? Qualities such as size, distance, direction, color and the like are only comprehensible and intelligible to us by reference to some fixed starting point. Size and distance, for instance, are comprehended and intelligibly expressed as relations to certain measures of extension, such as the foot, the meter, diameters of the earth, or diameters of the earth's orbit; or color, as a relation to the order in which certain impressions are received through the human eye; and so on.
Now, has not also the idea of value some fixed starting-point, by which it becomes comprehensible and intelligible, as have all other ideas of relation? Clearly it has. What the idea of value really springs from is the relation of each thing having value to something which is the source and natural measure of all value — namely, human exertion, with its attendant irksomeness or weariness.
Adam Smith saw this, though he may not have consistently held to it, as was the case with some other things he clearly saw for a moment, as through a rift in clouds which afterwards closed up again. In the Wealth of Nations, he says:Every man is rich or poor according to the degree in which he can afford to enjoy the necessaries, conveniences and amusements of human life. But after the division of labor has once thoroughly taken place, it is but a very small part of these with which a man's own labor can supply him. The far greater part of them he must derive from the labor of other people, and he must be rich or poor according to the quantity of that labor which he can command, or which he can afford to purchase. The value of any commodity, therefore, to the person who possesses it, and who means not to use or consume it himself, but to exchange it for other commodities, is equal to the quantity of labor which it enables him to purchase or command. Labor, therefore, is the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities. (Book I, Chapter V)
He repeats this statement a little further on:Equal quantities of labor, at all times and places, may be said to be of equal value to the laborer. In his ordinary state of health,
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Although some red tides form a healthy part of phytoplankton production, recurrent harmful or toxic blooms also occur, with results depending upon the type of plankton and on atmospheric and oceanic conditions. At Elands Bay in South Africa?s
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Although some red tides form a healthy part of phytoplankton production, recurrent harmful or toxic blooms also occur, with results depending upon the type of plankton and on atmospheric and oceanic conditions. At Elands Bay in South Africa?s Western Cape province, about 1000 tons of rock lobsters beached themselves during February 2002, when the decay of dense blooms of phytoplankton caused a rapid reduction in the oxygen concentration of nearshore waters. The lobsters (or crayfish, as they are known locally) moved toward the breaking surf in search of oxygen, but were stranded by the retreating tide.
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer?s nadir camera acquired these red, green, blue composites on February 2 and 18, 2002, during Terra orbits 11315 and 11548. The colors have been accentuated to highlight the bloom, and land and water have been enhanced separately. The two views show the shoreward migration of the algal bloom. Each image represents an area of about 205 kilometers x 330 kilometers. Elands Bay is situated near the mouth of the Doring River, about 75 kilometers northeast of the jutting Cape Columbine.
The term?red tide? is used to refer to a number of different types of phytoplankton blooms of various hues. The wine color of certain parts of this bloom are consistent with the ciliate species Mesodinium rubrum, which has been associated with recurring harmful algal blooms along the Western Cape coast. Under these conditions, the lobsters are not poisoned. During the recent event, government and military staff transported as many of the living lobsters as possible to areas that were less affected by the red tide. At the same time, people came from across South Africa to gather the undersized creatures for food. The effects of the losses on the maritime economy are expected to be felt over the next few years.
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Step 1: Construction
In this jar there are five main parts. the inside foil, the outside foil, the inside wire, the outside wire, and the jar itself which must be an insulator. basically if you build up a positive
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Step 1: Construction
In this jar there are five main parts. the inside foil, the outside foil, the inside wire, the outside wire, and the jar itself which must be an insulator. basically if you build up a positive potential in the inside foil, and keep the outside foil grounded, it will want to make the charge on the outside equal that of the inside, so a spark will jump from the grounded outside to the inside.
To make it all you need to do is glue some aluminum foil to the outside of the jar (which needs to be glass or plastic), and tape a wire to it, glue some more foil into the inside and tape some wire to that. drill a hole in the lid of the jar and put the wire connected to the inside through it. screw on the lid and you are done.
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Dr. Oscar Franco of Warwick Medical School in England and colleagues investigated the association between vitamin D levels in the blood and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 3,262 people ages 50-70 in China.
The study, published in Diabetes Care
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Dr. Oscar Franco of Warwick Medical School in England and colleagues investigated the association between vitamin D levels in the blood and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 3,262 people ages 50-70 in China.
The study, published in Diabetes Care, found a high correlation between low vitamin D levels and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. They found 94 percent of people in the study had a vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The results showed 42.3 percent of these people also had metabolic syndrome -- a risk factor for diabetes and heart disease.
"As we get older our skin is less efficient at forming vitamin D and our diet may also become less varied, with a lower natural vitamin D content," Franco, the study leader, said in a statement.
"Most importantly, however, the dermal production of vitamin D following a standard exposure to UVB light decreases with age because of atrophic skin changes. When we are older we may need to spend more time outdoors to stimulate the same levels of vitamin D we had when we were younger."
Copyright 2009 by United Press International
|Cold and Flu|
|Hair, Skin, Nails|
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On its last flight, Discovery will not just carry astronauts, but 16 rodent passengers too.
The project is aimed at understanding why space flights make humans more vulnerable to infection by viruses and bacteria.
“Since the Apollo missions, we have had
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On its last flight, Discovery will not just carry astronauts, but 16 rodent passengers too.
The project is aimed at understanding why space flights make humans more vulnerable to infection by viruses and bacteria.
“Since the Apollo missions, we have had evidence that astronauts have increased susceptibility to infections during flight and immediately post-flight - they seem more vulnerable to cold and flu viruses and urinary tract infections, and viruses like Epstein-Barr, which infect most people and then remain dormant, can reactivate under the stress of spaceflight,” said Dr. Roberto Garofalo, a professor at UTMB Health and principal investigator for the proje
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UNESCO Literacy Prizes 2011 reward innovation and peace-building
Literacy programmes promoting peace and social cohesion in Burundi, Mexico, the United States of America, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the winners of the 2011
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UNESCO Literacy Prizes 2011 reward innovation and peace-building
Literacy programmes promoting peace and social cohesion in Burundi, Mexico, the United States of America, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the winners of the 2011 UNESCO International Literacy prizes. Honourable mentions go to programmes in Pakistan and the Philippines.
The theme of the 2011 UNESCO International Literacy Prizes 2011 is literacy and peace, with special consideration to gender equality.
The UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize is supported by the Republic of Korea and the UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy is supported by China. Both prizes consist of two awards.
Every year, the prizes recognize excellence and innovation in literacy throughout the world. The selection is made on the recommendation of an international jury.
The prizes will be awarded at an official ceremony on 8 September 2011 during International Literacy Day celebrations in New Delhi, India.
Each prize is worth US $20,000, a medal and a diploma.
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THE MUSIC OF THE CHINESE (Continued)
Having described the musical instruments in use in China we still have for consideration the music itself, and the conditions which led up to it.
Among the Chinese instruments mentioned in the preceding chapter, the
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THE MUSIC OF THE CHINESE (Continued)
Having described the musical instruments in use in China we still have for consideration the music itself, and the conditions which led up to it.
Among the Chinese instruments mentioned in the preceding chapter, the preponderance of instruments of percussion, such as drums, gongs, bells, etc., has probably been noticed. In connection with the last named we meet with one of the two cases in Chinese art in which we see the same undercurrent of feeling, or rather superstition, as that found among western nations. We read in the writings of Mencius, the Chinese philosopher (350 B.C.), the following bit of gossip about the king Senen of Tse.
“The king,” said he, “was
sitting aloft in the hall, when
a man appeared, leading an ox past the lower part of it.
The king saw him, and asked, ‘Where is the ox going?’
“The man replied, ’We are
going to consecrate a bell with
“The king said, ’Let it go.
I cannot bear its frightened
appearance as if it were an innocent person going to the
place of death.’
“The man answered, ’Shall
we then omit the consecration
of the bell?’
“The king said, ’How can that
be omitted? Change the ox
for a sheep.’”
As stated before, this is one of the few cases in which Chinese superstition coincides with that of the West; for our own church bells were once consecrated in very much the same manner, a survival of that ancient universal custom of sacrifice. With the exception of this resemblance, which, however, has nothing to do with actual music, everything in Chinese art is exactly the opposite of our western ideas on the subject.
The Chinese orchestra is composed of about sixteen different types of percussion instruments and four kinds of wind and stringed instruments, whereas in our
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A map showing Michigan, the west coast, the southwest and the southeast as hardest hit by unemployment. (Photo: austrini / flickr)
The Obama administration came out with its first set of numbers on the jobs impact of its stimulus package
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A map showing Michigan, the west coast, the southwest and the southeast as hardest hit by unemployment. (Photo: austrini / flickr)
The Obama administration came out with its first set of numbers on the jobs impact of its stimulus package. It's pretty much along the lines of what was predicted. To date, the package has created close to one million jobs. That is good news, but in an economy with more than 15 million unemployed workers, it is not nearly good enough. We need to do more, much more.
Fortunately, there is an easy and quick way to begin to get these unemployed workers back to work. It involves paying workers to work shorter hours. The mechanism can take the form of a tax credit to employers. The government can give them a tax credit of up to $3,000 in order to shorten their workers' hours while leaving their pay unchanged. The reduction in hours can take the form of paid sick days, paid family leave, shorter workweeks or longer vacations. The employer can choose the method that is best for her workers and the workplace.
If take-home pay is left unchanged as a result of the credit, then demand should be left unchanged. If workers are on average putting in fewer hours and demand is unchanged, then employers will need to hire more workers.
This logic is about as simple as it gets. The process is also quick and cheap. In principle, the government can go this route to save jobs at a cost of a bit more than $20,000 per job, far less than the estimates of the cost per job under the administration's stimulus package.
We don't even have to speculate about whether this sort of short-hours arrangement can work. Germany put a short-hours program in place at the start of its recession. Its unemployment rate today is 7.6 percent, about the same as the unemployment rate it had going into the recession. Imagine that workers in the United States, like workers in Germany, were dealing with the recession by putting in four-day weeks (while getting paid for five) or getting an extra two weeks a year of paid vacation. This sure beats being unemployed or being threatened with unemployment.
Seventeen states already have a "work-share" program in place that allows employers to use unemployment insurance money to cover a reduction in work hours, without a corresponding reduction in pay. More than 100,000 layoffs have been prevented as result of this program.
Sen. Jack Reed of Rhode Island has a bill that would increase funding for work-share programs and remove some of the bureaucracy that makes it difficult for employers to take full advantage of the programs that currently exist. The bill would also provide start-up money for the states that do not have work-share programs.
The Reed bill would be a big step towards following the Germany model, taking advantage of a program that is already in place. It could very quickly make a big dent in the unemployment rate, by preserving many of the jobs that are now being lost.
In this respect, it is important to clear up a common confusion about the economy. Every month, we get a figure from the Labor Department for the new jobs created or lost. However, this is a net figure. Approximately four million people leave their jobs every month, about half of these workers, or two million, lose their jobs involuntarily. If the economy creates more than four million new jobs, then we will have a positive jobs figure for the month. If the economy creates less than four million new jobs, then the Labor Department will report that the economy lost jobs in the month.
Suppose that this work-share program reduced the number of people who lose their jobs involuntarily by 20 percent, or 400,000 workers per month. This would have the same effect to our job count as adding 400,000 additional new jobs. If this rate could actually be maintained over a full year, then it would imply that the economy would generate nearly five million new jobs.
All the projections show that the unemployment rate is likely to continue to rising for the immediate future and remain high for years to come. The Congressional Budget Office projects that the unemployment rate will average 10.2 percent next year and even in 2011 it will average 9.1 percent. If this projection proves accurate, it would be a disastrous scenario for tens of millions of people.
There are quick and effective ways to increase employment, with shorter hours at the top of the list. Making tens of millions of people suffer for economic mismanagement and the greed of the bankers is not acceptable. We must do something.
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EH?! What's that you said sonny?!
Rationale: Children should recognize the phonemes that are represented by letters in spoken words. Children need to be able to do so before they can match letters to phonemes. One part of
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EH?! What's that you said sonny?!
Rationale: Children should recognize the phonemes that are represented by letters in spoken words. Children need to be able to do so before they can match letters to phonemes. One part of this process is recognizing individual phonemes. In this lesson, children will learn to identify the phoneme /e/ and read words with the /e/ sound. The students will receive instruction in the decoding of short e words, as well as practicing spelling the words themselves.
- Class set of Pen Pals (enough for each student and the teacher) Written by Shelia, Cushman. Carson, Ca. 1990. Educational Insights.
- Chart paper with the tongue twister "Everybody saw Eddie enter the elevator with Ellen."
- Overhead projector
- Plastic baggies with letter tiles for each student (b, e, d, f, p, t, s, n, l, t)
- Elkonin boxes for each student
- Primary paper for each student
- Pencil for each student
- Word list for letterbox lesson: 3-jet, fed, beg, pen, dad, mat, pan 4-bled, yell, rent 5-blend, trend, stress
1. "Today we will be working with the mouth movement that helps us make the sound for the letter e. This is what the letter e looks like (write e on the board to give class a visual aid). This sounds like Eh; kind of like the sound someone makes when they cannot hear you." Model cupping your hand behind your ear while stretching out the /e/ sound. Tell the class to pretend like they are trying to hear what someone said while saying the /e/ sound.
2. "Now I want you to listen to this tongue twister as I read it, 'Everybody saw Eddie enter the elevator with Ellen'. Will you read it with me this time?" We will all read it together as I point to the words in the tongue twister. "Let's say the tongue twister one more time but this time every time you hear the /e/ sound, I want you to cup your hand around your ear as if you cannot hear. Good job! Now I want you to stretch out the /e/ sound every time you hear it. EEEEverybody saw eeeeddie eeeeenter the eeeeelevator with EEEEllen. Great Job!"
3. Read these words and call on students to tell you the answers to: "Do you hear /e/ in mess or hat? Kick or set? Dog or bent? Bed or go? Tent or fall?
4. "Now I need everyone to open up their plastic baggies with letters in them. Turn them all so the letters are facing up. Get your letter box and open it up as well." I am going to first model a word then we are going to do the rest together! My word is bed. Ok, I hear the /e/ (eh) in bed. I hear the sound /b/ before my /e/ so I will put the letter b in the first box then the letter e in the second. Ok now, b-e-d-d-d. I heard /d/. b-e-d.
5. Ok now you try with these words (Say them one at a time and walk around to observe the students): jet, fed, beg, pen, dad, mat, pan, bled, yell, rent, blend, trend, stress. If a child has misspelled a word, read the word as they have spelled it to see if they will self-correct their spelling. If they cannot self-correct the spelling, then model the correct spelling for the child. Then, write the words on the bo
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A guenon monkey living in small female-dominated groups with only a single male.
Several variants, but none given subspecies status.
46-56cm plus a long tail. Females weigh 3.5kg, males 6kg
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A guenon monkey living in small female-dominated groups with only a single male.
Several variants, but none given subspecies status.
46-56cm plus a long tail. Females weigh 3.5kg, males 6kg.
A long-tailed monkey with a grizzled dark brown, short coat. There is a chestnut-coloured saddle across the back and dark belly. Eastern individuals have a striking white bib, western individuals have a less striking, small bib. The cheeks are light grey with a pale moustache. The tail is hook-shaped at the end.
Mt Cameroon and Eastern Congo to Western Uganda and Rwanda.
Fruit, leaves and insects.
L'Hoest's monkeys live in small groups on the forest floor with only one adult male. The females are often related, whilst males only stay with the group between a few weeks and a couple of years at most. Adult males make loud calls which are specific to the individual.
Breeding is seasonal, depending on the area. A single youngster is born after a gestation period of 5 months, fully furred and with its eyes open. The mother gives birth wherever she happens to be, and birth is usually at night. She eats the placenta and licks the baby clean as it clings to her belly. Other females in the group show great interest and try to hold new infants. Nursing becomes less frequent after the first few months, but continues until the next birth, usually after 2 years. Male offspring leave the group when they reach sexual maturity.
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DNA amplification, bioluminescence and safety in food processing
It is estimated that there are as many as two million to four million cases of salmonellosis every year in the U.S. alone. Indications are that combating this
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DNA amplification, bioluminescence and safety in food processing
It is estimated that there are as many as two million to four million cases of salmonellosis every year in the U.S. alone. Indications are that combating this and other pathogens is going to take food processors — if they aren’t already there — into the world of molecular biology.
Not long ago, the 3M Molecular Detection Assay – Salmonella, from 3M Food Safety, St. Paul, Minn., received AOAC-PTM Certification from the AOAC Research Institute’s Performance Tested Methods program. An “assay” is a kind of procedural test.
What it means, Nicki Montgomery, a manager with 3M Food Safety, tells Processing, “is that we are continuing down the path toward being an ‘official method’ for testing labs — whether the food processors’, third parties’ or governments’ — that want molecular-level accuracy in the detection of dangerous pathogens, including E. Coli 0157 and Listeria, in addition to Salmonella.”
The globalization of the food industry and the growing prevalence of highly processed foods, amongst other trends, is making food safety a “global mega trend” based on demand from both developed and developing worlds. “3M wanted to participate in this growing market,” Montgomery says. “Different regions in the globe are at different stages of food safety regulation, but all are committed.”
The newly approved testing method is based on the 3M Molecular Detection System, which 3M says uniquely combines isothermal DNA amplification and bioluminescence detection. First introduced in late 2011, the 3M system already has been “sold on every continent and in thirteen countries. We’re working with hundreds of customers on trials and thousands in educating the market,” Montgomery says.
DNA amplification is the production of multiple copies of a sequence of DNA and has primarily medical applications. Bioluminescence has come into widespread use for quantitative determination of specific substances in biology and medicine.
Combining the two technologies is said to make testing much simpler than has ever been the case before and is said to be suitable for produce, meats, processed foods, pet foods and processing-related environmental samples.
“In our evaluation of the Listeria species assay, we liked the small footprint of the system as well as the quick delivery of results after sample enrichment,” Dr. Martin Wiedmann, a professor in Cornell University’s Department of Food Science, said when the system was introduced. It “definitely illustrates the potential of isothermal methods for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens.”
The AOAC certification is a step toward being an officially approved testing method. “This method validation is an important milestone, constituting the first of what we believe will be many confirmations of a robust and capable technology,” DeAnn Benesh, regulatory affairs specialist with 3M Food Safety. “Evaluation of Salmonella, and other pathogens using this technology, continues to be very promising.”
Concludes Montgomery: “These two technologies have never been brought together before and we’ve done so to bring molecular-level accuracy to food processors without a complex process.”
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Fire departments across the nation are spending the next few days helping to spread a message we all must be mindful of, not just this time of year but every single day.
Today marks the beginning of National Fire Prevention Week, where the focus is on
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Fire departments across the nation are spending the next few days helping to spread a message we all must be mindful of, not just this time of year but every single day.
Today marks the beginning of National Fire Prevention Week, where the focus is on educating people on the importance of fire safety in the home and at work.
In West Virginia, this year's theme is "It's Fire Prevention Week. Have Two Ways Out!" It focuses on the importance of having home escape plans, in particular on having plans with two or more escape routes from the building in the event of a fire.
According to the National Fire Protection Association, more than 369,500 home fires were reported in the United States in 2010.
Fire departments in the Ohio Valley and elsewhere, as well as the state Fire Marshal's Office are spending this week, and many other days in October, reaching out into their communities to spread their life-saving messages, and we hope our residents take time to listen.
The Weirton Fire Department, for example, is spending several days this month visiting schools in the community to discuss fire safety with students.
The demonstrations will vary depending on the students' age, but will include everything from discussions on "Stop, drop and roll," to creating an escape plan in your home, the importance of having several working smoke detectors in the home or office, and even the use of the department's fire safety trailer, which often makes appearances at community events.
Some of the best advice anyone will hear during this time is information which has been around for years. Never leave any kind of fire unattended in the home, whether it be a heater, candle or a pan on the stove.
The best tool against house fires is to educate ourselves on the dangers and how they can be prevented.
It just might save someone's life.
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Achieving Reservoir Sustainability
Project ID: 2943
Principal Investigator: Kent Collins
Research Topic: Sediment Management and River Restoration
Priority Area Assignments: 2012 (Climate Change Adaptation Research), 2013 (
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Achieving Reservoir Sustainability
Project ID: 2943
Principal Investigator: Kent Collins
Research Topic: Sediment Management and River Restoration
Priority Area Assignments: 2012 (Climate Change Adaptation Research), 2013 (Climate Change Adaptation Research)
Funded Fiscal Years: 2012
Keywords: reservoir sustainability, sediment management, flood storage, reservoir operations, design life, useful life, reservoir survey
Reclamation facilities serve a variety of useful purposes such as water supply and delivery, flood storage and attenuation, and recreation. The loss of reservoir storage and dam functionality due to sedimentation is a critical issue for Reclamation's future. Reservoir sedimentation reduces storage capacity at all reservoir elevations; increases upstream flooding; can impair the operation of dam outlets, water intakes, boat ramps, and marinas; and reduces the surface area available for recreation. This research proposes to compile existing options and formulate new alternatives for the effective management of inflowing sediment loads and in-situ deposits to
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As Jerry D. Cavallerano, O.D., Ph.D., from the Beetham Eye Institute at the Joslin Diabetes Center, points out, diabetes affects all structures of the eye, which can lead to a greater risk of vision loss
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As Jerry D. Cavallerano, O.D., Ph.D., from the Beetham Eye Institute at the Joslin Diabetes Center, points out, diabetes affects all structures of the eye, which can lead to a greater risk of vision loss and eye problems. Early detection of serious eye complications can enable an ophthalmologist to halt the progression of diabetic eye disease and preserve your vision.
Here are some of the problems you may encounter, ranging from nuisance to the truly serious:
Blurred vision, which can occur in the early stages of diabetes, is caused by fluid seeping into the lens of the eye and causing the lens to swell, changing its shape and altering its ability to focus properly. Once diabetes treatment begins and blood glucose is under control, the lens resumes its normal shape and vision improves.
Generally, it is preferable to wait until blood glucose levels have stabilized prior to prescribing eyeglasses.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage appears as a red, pie-shaped wedge in the white of the eye. It occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks beneath the clear, outside covering of the eyeball.
This condition is not caused by diabetes – anyon
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Oxycodone (Oxycontin & Roxicodone) is a drug that has many beneficial uses as a pain-reliever; however, it can cause addictions and nasty withdrawal symptoms when treatment is stopped abruptly. There are many
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Oxycodone (Oxycontin & Roxicodone) is a drug that has many beneficial uses as a pain-reliever; however, it can cause addictions and nasty withdrawal symptoms when treatment is stopped abruptly. There are many proposed ways to combat withdrawal, but no way completely takes away the symptoms. Withdrawal from any drug is a painful process, but is necessary unless a person wishes to remain chemically dependent on a drug.
Oxycodone is an opiate and these kinds of drugs operate by creating artificial endorphins, or chemicals in the brain that make people feel good. Because opiates produce so many more endorphins than the brain typically produces, the brain ceases production of endorphins. Thus, people have no way of getting good feelings without taking an opiate that artificially produces the necessary chemicals. When people stop taking the medicine, the body has no way of producing endorphins and thus goes into withdrawal from the necessary chemicals. Addictions occur when people stop taking the drug to have positive feelings, but are taking it to avoid negative feelings.
Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms
Early signs and symptoms of oxycodone withdrawal are:
- increased rate of breathing
- tearing or crying
- runny nose
- larger than normal pupils
These symptoms are relatively mild, but after longer periods of not using oxycodone, the symptoms can worsen to more advanced conditions. These advanced signs and symptoms include:
- nausea and vomiting
- abdominal cramps
- rapid heartbeat
- high blood pressure
- muscle spasms
- muscle and bone pain
Needless to say, withdrawal symptoms are quite unpleasant.
How to Prevent Withdrawal
There is no perfectly safe and effective way to eliminate withdrawal, since the body must be coerced into producing the necessary chemicals again. The best remedy is simply time. If a person waits long enough, these withdrawal symptoms will abate.
However, it is important to take no more oxycodone because it will set a person back to square one, unless it is as a part of a steady dosage decreasing, which can work better for some than quitting “cold turkey.” The best advice is to talk to a doctor, who can tailor a plan or schedule for each specific case and create a timeline where you can gradually stop taking the medication. Most people agree, however, that the first three days of withdrawal are the worst, and symptoms can last for three to five days.
One way to minimize the suffering associated with oxycodone withdrawal is through a medical detox. A detox is simply a removal of all remaining toxins from the body. In the case of oxycodone, a medical detox would involve letting all remnants of the opiate narcotic leave a person’s system. The only difference between this and a normal withdrawal is that in a medical detox there are trained doctors who can help minimize the pain; medical detox often occurs in luxury settings to try to keep patients’ minds off of their suffering.
Although there are no perfect ways to end an oxycodone addiction and stop withdrawal symptoms, they can be minimized by talking to a doctor and using gradual dosage decreases. Ultimately though, only each individual person can determine the best way to end his or her addiction. For some people, quitting “cold turkey works,” but others may need gradual decreases in dosage over a set timeline.
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Italy is a diverse country that boasts miles of Mediterranean coastline, scenic lakes such as Lake Garda, snow-capped Alps and the sun drenched regions of Umbria and Tuscany. The country is home to a variety of native plants,
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Italy is a diverse country that boasts miles of Mediterranean coastline, scenic lakes such as Lake Garda, snow-capped Alps and the sun drenched regions of Umbria and Tuscany. The country is home to a variety of native plants, many of which are used as seasonings across the globe. There are numerous flowers native to Italy that can be grown in the home garden.
Silver thyme (Thymus citriodorus) is a garden hybrid that stems from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) native of Southern Italy. Silver thyme is an herb that boasts small lilac flowers, which appear at the end of silvery green leaves. Reaching a height of about 6 inches to a foot, silver thyme has a mounding habit and a lemony scent that can be incorporated into a traditional herb or butterfly garden. The early summer flowering plant can be cultivated in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 9. Like most herbs, silver thyme requires full sunlight to thrive. A well-drained soil that's kept mostly dry is perfect for this plant, which requires very little water.
A member of the figwort family, the common snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) is a flowering short-lived perennial that hails from Italy, as well as North Africa. The plant reaches a variety of heights depending on the cultivar, from 4 inches to several feet. The common snapdragon offers columns of soft, silky blooms in a range of pastel colors, from pale lemon yellow to pink or lilac. Snapdragons are especially popular with children, as squeezing the flowers gently causes them to suddenly "snap" open. The common snapdragon is best suited to USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 11, preferably in full sunlight. A rich, well-draining soil is ideal for the snapdragon, and the plant should be watered frequently until established.
Big periwinkle (Vinca major) is a flowering herbaceous member of the dogbane family native to Italy and France. Rarely growing above a foot high, big periwinkle is a sprawling plant that offers a garden dull green leaves and lavender or "true blue" flowers. The plant is popular as a low-growing ground cover, or as a graceful hanging basket plant. Big periwinkle does best in full sun or partial shade in USDA zones 7 to 9. The plant should be cultivated in a fertile, loose woodsy soil for best results. Though big periwinkle will make do with dry soils, a soil that's moist to the touch is preferable.
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“The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe
“Quoth the Raven ‘nevermore’” (Raven: 48). In “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe. The speaker is continually losing his mind as he morns the death of
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“The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe
“Quoth the Raven ‘nevermore’” (Raven: 48). In “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe. The speaker is continually losing his mind as he morns the death of his lover, Lenore. Poe was able to maintain a melancholy feeling throughout his poem using the refrain “nevermore” and following some very strict, self-set, rules. Every stanza in the poem uses the same rhyme scheme, ABCBBB. He used many literary devices including alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia. His rhythm is also very structured and unwavering.
The rhyme scheme used by Poe in his poem “The Raven” is described as ABCBBB. Every stanza in “The Raven” follows this rhyme scheme to create a very structured poem. Poe also uses internal rhyme where two words in the third rhyme will rhyme with each other and with another word in the fourth line. In the second stanza the word morrow in line three rhymes with the word borrow also in line three and sorrow in line four. Poe also uses repetition to not only conform to his rhyme scheme, but to emphasize the word as well. “’Wretch,’ I cried, ‘thy God hath lent thee – by these angels he hath sent thee” (Raven: 81) is an example of Poe using repetition to rhyme. Poe used trochaic octameter for his poem. Poe used many other devices in his poem such as alliteration and consonance. “Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;” (Raven: 26) is an example of alliteration and consonance. Poe used alliteration to increase the effect of the line. “The silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain” (Raven: 13) is an example of an onomatopoeia used by Poe in his poem.
The tone of “The Raven” is morbid and depressing. Poe used a man who had lost his lost Lenore to deepen the melancholy feeling, because losing a loved one is the grimmest subjects there is. Poe had a raven, an already grim animal, to repeat the word “nevermore” whenever the narrator would speak to it. One other way Poe increased the melancholy effect is the torture of the narrator. The answer the narrator received each time was already predetermined and both the reader and the narrator knew what the reply was going to be; therefore, continuously torturing the narrator.
Poe also used many similes, metaphors, and examples of personification. “Quoth the Raven ‘Nevermore’” (Raven: 48) is an example of personification found in Poe’s poem “The Raven”. Since birds cannot really talk, the raven was given a human characteristic of speech. “And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon’s that is dreaming,” is an example of a metaphor used in “The Raven” by Poe to compare the raven’s eyes to a demon’s; therefore, comparing the raven to a demon. “That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.” (Raven: 56) is an example of a simile that Poe used to compare the raven’s reply to the narrators state of grief.
Poe used many devices to produce the melancholy feeling found in his poem “The Raven” including alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia. The tone of the poem was created using depressing symbols, topics, and themes. Poe followed a very strict rhyme scheme throughout the entire poem. After looking through the poem and carefully examining how much work was put into it to make it so strict, we can conclude that the poem was carefully though through and produced by a literary genius to have pieced it all together so perfectly.
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Water and Power in Highland Peru: The Cultural Politics of Irrigation and Development is an important contribution to the growing fields of ethno-politics and resource management. In this fascinating ethnography, Paul Gelles revisits the indigenous community of Cabana
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Water and Power in Highland Peru: The Cultural Politics of Irrigation and Development is an important contribution to the growing fields of ethno-politics and resource management. In this fascinating ethnography, Paul Gelles revisits the indigenous community of Cabanaconde, located in the lower Colca Valley of southwestern Peru, and explores how two opposing irrigation systems, the traditional saya structure and the state-sanctioned de canto model “are conceptually mapped on to the community’s irrigation system over the course of its annual agricultural cycle.” Despite the disproportionate resources that the state-imposed irrigation project enjoys, community water management systems tend to be the preferred mode of resource distribution among community members. Gelles writes that these findings—in a region that was the focus of his 1993 documentary Transnational Fiesta: 1992—reveal “that, at the end of the twentieth century, enduring patterns of belief and ritual are compatible with the porous and transnational character of Cabanaconde and many other Andean communities.”
Central to Gelles’ study is a three-tiered irrigation model that incorporates both local and state water-management strategies. The saya structure is in place from June through December, when water mayors, “carrying the snake-headed staffs of authority, alternate in distributing irrigation water.” The arrival of the December or January rains signals a shift in wat
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|EBNF character / numeral statement [email protected] (Christian Bode) (2004-04-14)|
|Re: EBNF character / numeral statement [email protected] (Karsten Nyblad) (2004-
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|EBNF character / numeral statement [email protected] (Christian Bode) (2004-04-14)|
|Re: EBNF character / numeral statement [email protected] (Karsten Nyblad) (2004-04-15)|
|From:||"Karsten Nyblad" <[email protected]>|
|Date:||15 Apr 2004 12:28:42 -0400|
|Posted-Date:||15 Apr 2004 12:28:42 EDT|
"Christian Bode" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> It's only a German page, so please look at the G = (T, N, S, R)
> Is the R assignment correct over all? Why is the Buchstabe (character)
> Ziffer (numeral) quoted? They aren't terminal symbols. And also where
> are fixed?
> Is a character and numeral a special Keyword which standing for "A".."Z"
> "a".."z" and "0".."1".
You are right about the problems in this grammar description. Language
descriptions of real programming languages are seldom 100% correct. Either
your teachers have made an error or they have included errors in the
language description to test you.
Return to the
Search the comp.compilers archives again.
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I got a really bad sunburn, and now I am seeing bumps and
weird dots on my sunburn. They hurt, and I'm scared that I seriously damaged my
skin. I don't know much about skin cancer, but
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I got a really bad sunburn, and now I am seeing bumps and
weird dots on my sunburn. They hurt, and I'm scared that I seriously damaged my
skin. I don't know much about skin cancer, but is there any way I could have
gotten it from sunburn?
If the bumps on your sunburn are blisters, you may have
second-degree sunburn, which is deeper than regular, first-degree sunburns and
can take longer to heal. The blisters may be painful, but they should heal
along with the rest of your skin. Though it may be tempting, don’t pop them—it
can lead to infection. Using an aloe gel and taking ibuprofen will reduce your
skin’s swelling and pain.
Scaly patches of sunburn, though, could be early signs of
various forms of skin cancer. If the bumps on your skin are on your face, neck
or hands or if any of the bumps are flaky, you should see a doctor right away.
A doctor will be able to treat your skin before the condition worsens. Small,
red bumps may also be a sign of rosacea, a less-serious, redness-inducing skin
disorder (also treatable by your doc).
Unless you’re positive that the bumps are blisters, your
best bet is to visit the doctor. Only a doc can properly diagnose what’s up
with your skin and help you become healthy and sunburn-free again. Good luck,
BY MEGHAN DEMARIA ON 8/17/2011 12:00:00 AM
POSTED IN skin problems, cancer 101, advice, summer, sun safety
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Recently, NAEYC and the Fred Rogers Center for Media released an updated statement on technology and young children. Where they previously had advocated restriction and abstinence for young children. They now say, “We believe that when used appropriately, technology and
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Recently, NAEYC and the Fred Rogers Center for Media released an updated statement on technology and young children. Where they previously had advocated restriction and abstinence for young children. They now say, “We believe that when used appropriately, technology and interactive media have tremendous potential to nurture early learning and development.” “Appropriate” then translates to use within developmentally appropriate classrooms to enrich existing curriculum. How does this work exactly? Let’s take a closer look at Disney’s new movie, the Lorax and how both the movie and various on-line resources can be used to enrich a first grade curriculum- either at home OR in the classroom. With the prevalence of modern marketing techniques, children are probably talking about it, collecting movie toys from McDonalds and living out the movie’s influence in other ways. Why not maximize its impact for good?! Haven’t yet seen the movie? Rent it! Or show some of the trailers!
Writing: The State of California’s first grade standard for writing includes: ” Students begin to learn to write clear and coherent sentences and paragraphs that develop a central idea, considers audience and purpose.” And “Compositions describe and explain familiar objects, events, and experiences”
Here are some activities that address this:
A) The movie has a famous quote. “I speak for the trees, for the trees have no tongues” Why not have your child create a dictionary of a tree language? Together you could keep adding words as they come up over time!
B) Write a story together! “What would you do with the last Truffula seed?”
C) Or increase vocabulary and try your hand together at this word search!
Science: The obvious theme throughout this movie is being more friendly to
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PIZZA AND PANINI
This piece is in collaboration with Prof. Krishnan Shankar, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oklahoma.
The Oracle Asks
The Sanskrit grammarian Panini is at his friend Socrates’ place
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PIZZA AND PANINI
This piece is in collaboration with Prof. Krishnan Shankar, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oklahoma.
The Oracle Asks
The Sanskrit grammarian Panini is at his friend Socrates’ place in Athens.
Boy. Here is the tea.
Socrates. Thank you.
Panini. The boy, he understands Greek Mathematics, does he not?
Socrates. Yes, indeed; he was born in the house.
Panini. Can you talk to him about mathematics?
Soc. Certainly. Attend now to the questions which I ask him, and observe whether he learns of me or only remembers.
Pan. I will.
Soc. Tell me, boy. Do you know that a figure like this is a triangle?
Boy. I do.
Panini. You see that part ABC? It looks like a slice of pizza.
Boy. You I like!
Soc. And you know that an isosceles triangle figure like this has these two lines equal?
Pan. An isosceles triangle is a triangle which has two sides that are equal. The third side of the triangle may have a different length.
Boy. Certainly. I understood Socrates.
Soc. And you know that a triangle figure with these two lines equal has the third line equal to sqrt(2) times the either of the first two lines?
Pan. Basically, if you have a triangle with two equal sides R and S that are at right angles to each other, then the third side will have a length that is sqrt(2) times the length of R.
Boy. Without a doubt.
Soc. And this arc which I have drawn with A as center creates a line AC that is also equal?
Soc. A triangle may be of any size?
Soc. It could be smaller than this teacup, or larger than this house?
(Anand (observing from Chandrayaan)) [Aside]. Let us see where he is going with this.
Soc. And if one line of the triangle be of integer feet, and the other line cutting into two parts be of integer feet, what will the difference be? Let me explain: if in one direction, the line was of integer feet, and in other direction, the line is also of integer, will the difference be of integer feet as well?
(Ravi (observing from Chandrayaan)) [Aside]. Few people would understand what Socrates said right there. If you didn’t understand it, please move along. It is not necessary for you to understand that bit.
Boy. I did not understand that.
Panini. I did understand you. You are saying that if two sides of a figure have lengths that are exact integers, then will the difference between the two lengths also be an integer? The answer to that is “Yes”. Please continue.
Soc. But since this side is also of integer feet, there are two sides of integer feet?
Pan. There are.
Soc. And the difference of two integer feet is also an integer foot?
(Ravi [Aside]) The boy is completely lost. He seems to be wishing he were somewhere else.
Panini. Let me prove now why sqrt(2) is irrational. An irrational number is a number that cannot be expressed in the form x/y where x and y are both integers. Now, take this figure. It is in the shape of a triangle. Now, if sqrt(2) were rational, we could construct a right isosceles triangle with all integer sides. Let ABO be the smallest such triangle. But if we could construct one (call it ABO), then we could also construct a smaller one, CDO. It would be like slicing the pizza slice into two. Point C is obtained by drawing an arc of a circle with center A. Point D is obtained by drawing a perpendicular at C. Why must CDO also have integer sides? Because first, AC = AB. Since AC and AO are integers, OC must also be an integer. Now, CD = OC because CDO is a right triangle that is isosceles. But then, C and B are both the tangent points to the circle from the point D, and so CD must equal DB. This means that OC, CD and OD are all integers. And we can do this ad infinitum. But that is a contradiction because you cannot construct triangles that are arbitrarily small, and still have integer sides. Another way to put it is that this contradicts our assumption that ABO is the smallest right isosceles triangle with all integer sides. QED.
Soc. Nice! And may be you could turn this into a shloka. But does a shloka or a poem count as proof?
Panini. Sure, it does. And it is twice as elegant as prose. And now I have to go. Thanks for the tea.
Soc. You are welcome. Thanks for the sheet of that pliable material that you call paper. It has some very interesting things written on it. I have never seen a
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This post will focus on the learning component of the lessons learned process. Maqsood (2006), Maqsood et al. (2004) and Duhon and Elias (2008) all highlight the need to understand
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This post will focus on the learning component of the lessons learned process. Maqsood (2006), Maqsood et al. (2004) and Duhon and Elias (2008) all highlight the need to understand cognitive psychology when examining the effectiveness of tacit knowledge in the learning process. Maqsood discusses how the human information processing occurs and the need to understand: ‘perception and recognition’; cognitive styles (Van Gigch 1991); heuristics and biases in judgement (Baron 1998; Best 1989); functional fixedness and mental set (Baron 1998); and mental models (Best 1989; Johnson-Laird 1983a). Maqsood further reports that every person has a distinctive learning technique and learning depends on an individual’s capability to effectively acquire and use in a timely manner. Maqsood et al. suggests that when capturing tacit knowledge it is important to ensure that it is not under any bias and is understood in the right context, as incomplete knowledge should be avoided.
Duhon and Elias (2008, p. 1)
describe learning as ‘…any increase in knowledge or skills that enables the learner to be more effective’
in achieving their objectives. When faced with a problem, an individual should: collect and evaluate data, assess the situation; develop objectives and identify alternatives; evaluate alternatives, select the most appropriate; and then take action to implement. Learning will be impaired if there is a failure at any of these steps. Duhon and Elias developed a decision process model to understand the learning limits and describe how the fields of psychology, decision theory and sociology are important in understanding why learning is difficult. Duhon and Elias describe the influence of: heuristics and biases (psychology); sense making; team psychology and sociology; naturalistic decision making;
Source: Duhon and Elias (2008), (Argyris 1999)
and action science (theory of action) based on Argyris (1999) model I and II. Duhon and Elias summarises that learning on projects is difficult considering that most projects are complex undertakings (Von Zedtwitz 2002). Duhon and Elias note that project team members develop different views as to the learning’s and when they commence the next project their memories will fade.
Project teams often know they are in trouble however they take no or limited action to correct mistakes, as admitting faults may cause embarrassment (model I) (Von Zedtwitz 2002). Typically project reviews often don’t have an impact as the team becomes defensive and argues against problems rather than implement recommendations (Duhon & Elias 2008; Von Zedtwitz 2002). Duhon and Elias report that the same face-saving, defensive post-mortem attitude weakens the lessons learned process and hides the real problems of the project. When a problem is recognised they are biased to learning the least-threatening lessons (model I, single loop learning). Duhon and Elias (2008, p. 5) state ‘The more important a lesson is, the more difficult it is to learn’. They re-iterate that most of what we learn is unactionable and that many project problems are caused by model I behaviour (Duhon & Elias 2008; Von Zedtwitz 2002). Model II behaviour is seen as difficult to achieve as project team members are typically not open and trusting in difficult situations. Industry as a whole should be learning from others mistakes, however this is countered by in-group favouritism (Duhon & Elias 2008). If we view others as substandard to us, we then don’t believe we can learn from them. Another issue is that it is often hard to get relevant information on what went wrong. Duhon and Elias conclude that the current project management culture environment highlights that there is a need to examine if the aviation safety practice of just culture would have a positive impact on project teams learning.
Reflection learning has also been recognised as playing a key part in project learning (Julian 2008; Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995; Raelin 2001; Smith 2001; Williams 2007, 2008) and can also be viewed as double loop leaning (Argyris 1994). Senge (1990) presents the need for reflection reviews and states that unless those lessons change working practices no organisational learning has taken place (Atkinson, Crawford & Ward 2006).
The review of learning literature re-enforces that people factors influence the success of the lessons learned process and that a learning organisation culture is critical to successful dissemination of lessons learned (Fernie et al. 2003; Sense 2007). The shift from the individual to the organisation is not straightforward. The work of Senge (1990) motivated companies to become learning organisations. The other particularly influential author was Nonaka (1991, 2007) and Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995). Nonaka (1991) described how Japanese companies working in innovation created knowledge-creating companies. Simon (1991, p. 125) states that: ‘All learning takes places inside individual human heads; an organization learns in only two ways: (a) by the learning of its members, or (b) by ingesting new members who have knowledge the organization didn’t previously have. …What an individual learns in an organization is very much dependent on what is already known to (or believed by) other members of the organization and what kinds of information are present in the organizational environment. …Individual learning in organizations is very much a social, not a solitary, phenomenon.’ Simon further reports that cognitive psychology concepts used for human learning can and should be applied to organisational learning research.
Strang (2003) discusses the difficulties and provides a valuable insight into organisational learning theory. Strang recommends further research around organisational psychology factors that may explain why organisational learning methods are not applied even tho
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