pubMedId
stringlengths 2
1.51k
| title
stringlengths 1
1.72k
⌀ | abstract
stringlengths 1
20k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|
35951142 | Mesonia aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat. | A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain (JHPTF-M18 |
35951144 | Increased expression of Myosin X contributes to the metastasis in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. | Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the mon malignancy in Head and neck cancer for which the mechanism underlying its metastasis is poorly understood. Myosin X, a molecular motor in cells has been demonstrated to play an important role in cell migration. However, whether Myosin X is involved in the metastasis of LSCC remains unclear. To investigate the expression of Myosin X and its implication in the metastasis of LSCC, we recruited 30 patients with LSCC and 6 patients with vocal cord polyp range from October 2016 to October 2018. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery and the expression of Myosin X, Cortactin, MMP2, MMP9, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in tissue samples were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry or ELISA. Patients with LSCC were further followed-up 2 year after surgery for metastasis analysis. We found that the level of Myosin X, Cortactin, MMP2, and MMP9 was much higher in poorly differentiated pared to that in moderately and highly LSCC, as well as the control tissues. In contrast, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related marker, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, were much lower in poorly differentiated LSCC pared to that in moderately and highly differentiated LSCC tissues, as well as the control tissues. Moreover, the expression of Myosin X was positively correlated with Cortactin, MMP2, and MMP9 levels. Increased expression of Myosin X in LSCC tissues was related to higher risk of metastasis. In conclusion, our findings showed that. Myosin X augments the expression of Cortactin, MMP2 and MMP9, which could upregulate the cell migration and the matrix degradation, and consequently reduce the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, thereby activating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and promoting the metastasis of LSCC. Targeting Myosin X may have potential therapeutic effect in the metastasis of LSCC. |
35951143 | Effectiveness of the SMART Sex Ed program among 13-18 year old English and Spanish speaking adolescent men who have sex with men. | Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) have a high HIV incidence and low utilization of testing and prevention services. However, very few HIV prevention programs exist that focus on the unique sexual health needs of AMSM. SMART is a stepped care package of eHealth interventions prehensively address the sexual and HIV prevention needs of AMSM. This study examines the impact of the first step of SMART, "SMART Sex Ed," on 13- to 18-year-old AMSM (n = 983) from baseline to three-month follow-up across 18 separate es measuring HIV prevention attitudes, skills, and behaviors. We observed significant change from baseline to three-month post-intervention in nine HIV-related es (e.g., receipt of HIV and STI test, HIV knowledge), as well as largely consistent effects across demographic subgroups (e.g., race, age, rural, low SES). Analyses observed no effects on condom use behaviors. SMART Sex Ed shows promise as an effective sexual health education program for diverse AMSM. |
35951145 | Effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism on serum folate but not vitamin B12 levels in patients with H-type hypertension. | Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is plication in Chinese hypertensive patients and associated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism, folate, and vitamin B12 (Vit B12) status. This study evaluated the associations of MTHFR C677T polymorphism, folate, and Vit B12 with H-type hypertension. |
35951148 | Ocular surface squamous neoplasia with 360° limbal involvement: a study of 130 patients. | To describe the risk factors, clinical features and management es of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) with 360° of limbal involvement (360-OSSN) pare with segmental limbal involvement (SL-OSSN). |
35951146 | Vitrification within a nanoliter volume: oocyte and embryo cryopreservation within a 3D photopolymerized device. | Vitrification permits long-term banking of oocytes and embryos. It is a technically challenging procedure requiring direct handling and movement of cells between potentially cytotoxic cryoprotectant solutions. Variation in adherence to timing, and ability to trace cells during the procedure, affects survival post-warming. We hypothesized that minimizing direct handling will simplify the procedure and improve traceability. To address this, we present a novel photopolymerized device that houses the sample during vitrification. |
35951150 | The importance of vitamin D in the diagnosis and treatment of adenomyosis. | There is still no unified theory of the occurrence of adenomyosis. The theories of retrograde menstruation, metaplasia, activation of Mullerian residues, lymphatic and vascular dissemination, iatrogenic dissemination, immunological changes, genetic predisposition, etc. are discussed. The theory of retrograde menstruation is the most relevant among all these theories. The aim is to study the content of folic acid, vitamins B1, D, E, ferritin in the blood, zinc, copper, calcium in the blood and removed uterine tissues, to assess the hormonal status in women bined uterine pathology leiomyoma and adenomyosis. 150 women underwent a health examination, residents of the cities of Pavlodar and Nur-Sultan, aged 18 to 49 years with benign dishormonal diseases of reproductive organs (the main group). The control group consisted of 40 women without gynaecological pathology. The study of the somatic status, objective general somatic, clinical and laboratory, gynaecological examination was carried out by routine methods. Ultrasound examination was performed for mammary glands, thyroid gland, pelvic organs in a real-time mode according to standard methods. |
35951149 | In-vitro inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF): a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) plex has an important role in immune system and its abnormal activation is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. The study reveals the anti-inflammatory effects of 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF). Here, we aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of 3,6-DHF on NLRP3 inflammasome and its ponents, thereby determining the signaling pathways involved in the inhibition. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified by chemiluminescence and Griess methods, respectively. Inflammatory cell model was induced in human leukemic monocytes (THP-1). mRNA levels were estimated through real-time RT-PCR, protein expressions were evaluated by protein slot blot and immunocytochemistry, MTT and alamar blue assays were employed for toxicity studies. pound 3,6-DHF was found to be the potent inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting the molecules involve in its activation pathway. Anti-inflammatory effects were revealed by inhibition of ROS and NO, reduction in the transcription of caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and TLR-4 was observed along with the marked inhibition of NLRP3, IL-18, NF-κB and pNF-κB at translational level. 3,6-DHF was non-toxic on normal human fibroblast (BJ) and THP-1 cells and, could be a potential therapeutic agent in NLRP3 inflammasome driven diseases. |
35951151 | Excitation relaxation dynamics of carotenoids constituting the diadinoxanthin cycle. | Carotenoids (Cars) exhibit two functions in photosynthesis, light-harvesting and photoprotective functions, which are performed through the excited states of Cars. Therefore, increasing our knowledge on excitation relaxation dynamics of Cars is important for understanding of the functions of Cars. In plexes, there exist Cars functioning by converting the π-conjugation number in response to light conditions. It is well known that some microalgae have a mechanism controlling the conjugation number of Cars, called as the diadinoxanthin cycle; diadinoxanthin (10 conjugations) is accumulated under low light, whereas diatoxanthin (11 conjugations) appears under high light. However, the excitation relaxation dynamics of these two Cars have not been clarified. In the present study, we investigated excitation relaxation dynamics of diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin in relation to their functions, by the ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy. After an excitation to the S |
35951152 | Optimal monitoring locations for identification of ambivalent characteristics of groundwater pollution sources. | Increasing pollution in the environment, particularly for groundwater, has been an issue of great concern for decades. Thus, proper management strategies need to be adopted for reclamation of such polluted groundwater aquifers. Success of these reclamation strategy relies on the precision with which the pollution source characteristics (location of sources, release flux histories, and the starting times of pollutant sources) are identified. In clandestine scenarios of groundwater pollution where neither the location nor starting times of pollutant sources are known, it is impossible to decide where to install a monitoring well. Therefore, an optimally designed pollutant data monitoring plan is needed to reduce the time and cost of monitoring and simultaneously achieve greater accuracy in identification of source characteristics. To address this issue, a ponent analysis (PCA)-based methodology is proposed to design an efficient well network for identifying unknown characteristics of pollutant sources (UCPS). PCA is applied to reduce the dimensionality of a prising a large number of interrelated variables, thus reducing the uncertainty due to ambivalent source characteristics. |
35951154 | Gene profiling in dorso-ventral patterning of mouse tongue development. | The tongue is a muscular fleshy organ in the oral cavity that is anatomically divided into the dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior part. The intricate tissue organisation and diverse origins of the tongue make it plex organ of the oral cavity. |
35951155 | A novel pathogenic deletion in ISPD causes Walker-Warburg syndrome in a Chinese family. | Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that often presents plex brain and eye malformations and congenital muscular dystrophy. Mutations of the ISPD gene have been identified as one of the most frequent causes of WWS. |
35951156 | Regulation of UHRF1 acetylation by TIP60 is important for colon cancer cell proliferation. | Ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is upregulated in colon cancer cells and associated with silencing tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) to promote colon cancer cell proliferation. |
35951153 | Whole-genome sequencing revealed different demographic histories among the Korean endemic hill pigeon (Columba rupestris), rock pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) and oriental turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis). | The family Columbidae is known as the pigeon family and contains approximately 351 species and 50 genera. Compared to the wealth of biological and genomic information on these Columba livia var. domesteca, information on Columba rupestris and Streptopelia orientalis has been rather limited. The C. rupestris population size is decreasing in Korea. |
35951157 | Differential expression and functional analysis of circRNA in the ovaries of Yili geese at different egg-laying stages. | Ovarian development is regulated by genes that are expressed dynamically and stage-specifically. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been proven to play a significant role in the regulation of animal reproduction. |
35951158 | CDK1 promotes the proliferation of melanocytes in Rex rabbits. | The fur color constitutes one of the most important economic characteristics of fur animals and is determined by the content of melanin. A previous study has shown that the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a member of the protein kinase family, involved in forming the color of the fur in Rex rabbits. However, its effect on the melanocytes remains unclear. |
35951160 | Twenty-First Century Global ADR Management: A Need for Clarification, Redesign, and Coordinated Action. | Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are estimated to be between the fourth and sixth mon cause of death worldwide, taking their place among other prevalent causes of mortality such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke. ADRs impact a broad range of populations across a wide variety of global geography and demographics, with significant mortality and morbidity burden in vulnerable groups such as older people, pediatric populations, and individuals in e settings. Too large a share of medicines risk management remains limited to signal detection in big ADR databases (USFDA, EMA, WHO, etc.) This resource allocation is antiquated and applied statistical signal detection methodologies have reached their limits of usefulness. In addition, existing databases are designed for short-term reactions, closely related to medication use and, thus, can only partially assess important broader consequences across geography, time, and clinical relevance. There is an urgent need change the dynamic. We need to identify (earlier and more regularly) many of the important but often overlooked or missed ADRs. Rather than assigning blame, we need to identify the root causes of the problem so they can be clearly addressed and fixed. The public health implications are profound-particularly as we recognize the importance of predicting and mitigating the next pandemic. Consequently, medicines risk management must be integrated within a broader global public health vision. To plish this, we need to develop the new tools and methodologies critical to assessing these public health imperatives. |
35951159 | Overweight and Obesity Are Positively Associated with Serum Copper Levels in Mexican Schoolchildren. | Due to its relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation responses, obesity and its cardiometabolic implications have been related with serum copper (Cu). Hence, we analyzed the association of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) status and cardiometabolic traits with serum Cu level in Mexican schoolchildren. Anthropometrical data and cardiometabolic traits were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Serum Cu level was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study involved 191 schoolchildren (93 girls and 98 boys) with a mean age of 8.054 ± 1.170 years. Children with OW and OB had higher serum Cu levels than children with normal weight (NW) (mean difference: OW vs NW = 51.85 µg dL |
35951162 | Enhancing the collective, protecting the personal: the valuable role of composite narratives in medical education research. | Narrative research approaches provide the opportunity for constructing a detailed understanding of lived experiences relevant to medical education, in areas such as illness narratives, explorations of doctor-patient relationships, and the development of professional identities in students and educators. The benefits of the depth of data gathered in narrative research are, however, counterbalanced by possible weaknesses relating to a focus on individual cases and the risk of identification of participants where subjects are sensitive or unique. To address these concerns, researchers from a variety of social science disciplines, carrying out research employing a range of methodological approaches, have begun to use 'composite narratives' in which monalities in the experiences of research participants bined to create joint narrative or narratives which illustrate participants' shared experiences. Composite narratives have been used both as ponent of the methodological approach and as a method of presenting the results of research in a variety of methodologies. This A Qualitative Space paper explores the role, strengths, and weaknesses of narrative research, before outlining the ways in posite narrative has been defined within existing research. Distinctions between the various approaches to posite narratives are discussed, highlighting the differences in the types of data utilised, and the approaches taken to data analysis and presentation. A key distinction is identified between the use posite narratives as part of an integrated methodology and as an approach to the presentation of data. Finally, issues relating to trustworthiness, reflexivity, and implications for researchers are considered. |
35951163 | Economic impact of poisoning by Brachiaria grass in lambs from birth to finishing receiving to different levels of supplementation. | This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of poisoning by Brachiaria grass in lambs from birth to weaning (suckling) and from weaning to slaughter (finishing) different levels of energy protein supplementation (EPS). In addition, we estimated the economic efficiency of removing lambs from the pasture as a control measure to minimize the losses caused by Brachiaria grass poisoning. Seventy lambs were used in the suckling phase, distributed in two nutritional treatments (control and creep feeding). Hospitalization expenses were US$ 1580.80 for the control treatment and US$ 256.16 for the creep feeding treatment. In the finishing phase, 48 lambs were distributed in four nutritional treatments, which consisted of increasing levels of EPS (mineral salt, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4% of LW). The largest difference in total revenue (US$) was observed between 2.4% of BW EPS and mineral salt (- 2300.28) treatments. Hospitalization expenses were similar between nutritional treatments, being higher in the treatment 1.6% of BW EPS (US$ 578.15). The biggest difference in gross e (US$) observed was between 2.4% of BW EPS and mineral salt (- 1439.43) treatments. The Brachiaria grass poisoning caused economic losses to the sheep farming system, due to the death of lambs, reduced weight gain and lower weights at weaning and in the finishing phase. Brachiaria grass poisoning caused economic damage to the production system. There were direct losses, with the death of the lambs without supplementation, in the suckling and finishing phases. The supplementation increases the performance and reduces the mortality. The supplementation in high levels is efficient in reducing the economic impact of poisoning by Brachiaria grass in both periods of suckling and finishing. |
35951164 | Protection of the hematopoietic system against radiation-induced damage: drugs, mechanisms, and developments. | Sometimes, people can be exposed to moderate or high doses of radiation accidentally or through the environment. Radiation can cause great harm to several systems within organisms, especially the hematopoietic system. Several types of drugs protect the hematopoietic system against radiation damage in different ways. They can be classified as "synthetic drugs" and pounds." Their cellular mechanisms to protect organisms from radiation damage include free radical-scavenging, anti-oxidation, reducing genotoxicity and apoptosis, and alleviating suppression of the bone marrow. These topics have been reviewed to provide new ideas for the development and research of drugs alleviating radiation-induced damage to the hematopoietic system. |
35951161 | Zirconium-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. | Zirconium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile metal at room temperature with a crustal abundance of 162 ppm. pounds, showing Lewis acidic behavior and high catalytic performance, have been recognized as a relatively cheap, low-toxicity, stable, green, and efficient catalysts for various important organic transformations. Commercially available inorganic zirconium chloride was widely applied as a catalyst to accelerate amination, Michael addition, and oxidation reactions. Well-designed zirconocene perfluorosulfonates can be applied in allylation, acylation, esterification, etc. N-Chelating plexes accelerate polymerization, hydroaminoalkylation, and CO |
35951167 | Improving attribution of extreme heat deaths through interagency cooperation. | Attributing individual deaths to extreme heat events (EHE) in Canada and elsewhere is important for understanding the risk factors, protective interventions, and burden of mortality associated with climate change. However, there is currently no single mechanism for identifying individual deaths due to EHE and different agencies have taken different approaches, including (1) vital statistics coding based on medical certificates of death, (2) probabilistic methods, and (3) enhanced surveillance. The 2018 EHE in Montréal provides an excellent case study pare EHE deaths identified by these different approaches. There were 353 deaths recorded in the vital statistics data over an 8-day period, of which 102 were potentially attributed to the EHE by at least one approach and 251 were not attributed by any approach. Only nine of the 102 deaths were attributed to the EHE by all three approaches, 23 were attributed by two approaches, and 70 were attributed by only one approach. Given that there were approximately 50 excess deaths during the EHE, it remains unclear exactly which of the total 353 deaths should be attributed to the extreme temperatures. These results highlight the need for a more systematic and cooperative approach to EHE mortality in Canada, which will continue to increase as the climate changes. |
35951172 | Demographic modelling helps track the rapid and recent divergence of a conifer species pair from Central Mexico. | Secondary contact of recently diverged species may have several es, ranging from rampant hybridization to reinforced reproductive isolation. In plants, selfing tolerance and disjunct reproductive phenology may lead to reproductive isolation at contact zones. However, they may also evolve under both allopatric or parapatric frameworks and originate from adaptive and/or neutral forces. Inferring the historical demography of diverging taxa is thus a crucial step to identify factors that may have led to putative reproductive isolation. We explored peting demographypotheses to account for the rapid divergence of a fir plex (Abies flinckii-A. religiosa) distributed in "sky-islands" across central Mexico (i.e., along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; TMVB). Despite co-occurring in two independent sympatric regions (west and centre), these taxa rarely interbreed because of disjunct reproductive phenologies. We genotyped 1147 single nucleotide polymorphisms, generated by GBS (genotyping by sequencing), across 23 populations, pared multiple scenarios based on the geological history of the TMVB. The best-fitting model revealed one of the most rapid plete speciation cases for a conifer species-pair, dating back to ~1.2 million years ago. Coupled with the lack of support for stepwise colonization, our coalescent inferences point to an early cessation of interspecific gene flow under parapatric speciation; ancestral gene flow during divergence was asymmetrical (mostly from western firs into A. religiosa) and exclusive to the most ancient (i.e., central) contact zone. Factors promoting rapid reproductive isolation should be explored in other slowly evolving plexes as they may account for the large tropical and subtropical diversity. |
35951166 | Stem Cells as Target for Prostate cancer Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges. | Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cells in a cancer stem cell-like (CSCL) state have proven to be responsible for tumor initiation, growth, and relapse in Prostate Cancer (PCa) and other cancers; therefore, new strategies are being developed to target such cellular populations. TLR3 activation-based immunotherapy using Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic acid (PIC) has been proposed to be used as a itant strategy to first-line treatment. This strategy is based on the induction of apoptosis and an inflammatory response in tumor cells. bination with retinoids like 9cRA, this treatment can induce CSCs differentiation and apoptosis. A limitation in the use of bination is mon decreased expression of TLR3 and its main positive regulator p53. observed in many patients suffering of different cancer types such as PCa. Importantly, human exposure to certain toxicants, such as iAs, not only has proven to enrich CSCs population in an in vitro model of human epithelial prostate cells, but additionally, it can also lead to a decreased p53, TLR3 and RA receptor (RARβ), expression/activation and thus hinder this treatment efficacy. Therefore, here we point out the relevance of evaluating the TLR3 and P53 status in PCa patients before starting an immunotherapy based on the use of PIC +9cRA to determine whether they will be responsive to treatment. Additionally, the use of strategies to e the lower TLR3, RARβ or p53 expression in PCa patients, like the inclusion of drugs that increase p53 expression, is encouraged, to potentiate the use of PIC+RA based immunotherapy in these patients. |
35951171 | The utility of serum osteopontin levels for predicting postoperative complications after colorectal cancer surgery. | Osteopontin (OPN) is a secretory glycoprotein, which is expressed not only in osteoblasts, but immune cells including macrophages and activated T cells. Its pleiotropic immune functions, such as bone remodeling, cancer progression, immune response, and inflammation have been reported previously. However, the association between OPN and plications (POC) after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery has not been studied, so far. |
35951173 | In silico mutational analysis to identify the role and pathogenicity of BCL-w missense variants. | Intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is generally mediated by BCL-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) family of proteins; they either induce or inhibit the apoptosis. Overexpression of BCL-2 in cancer cell may lead to delay in apoptosis. BCL-w is the pro-survival member of the BCL-2 family. BCL2L2 gene is present on chromosome number 14 in humans, and it encodes BCL-w protein; BCL-w protein is 193 amino acids residues in length. Interactions among the BCL-2 proteins are very specific. The fate of cell is determined by the ratio of pro-apoptotic proteins to pro-survival proteins. BCL-w promotes cell survival. Studies suggested that overexpression of BCL-w protein is associated with many cancers including DLBCL, BL, colorectal cancers, gastric cancers, and many more. The cause of overexpression is translocations or gene amplification which will subsequently result in cancerous activity. |
35951174 | The evaluation expression of non-coding RNAs in response to HSV-G47∆ oncolytic virus infection in glioblastoma multiforme cancer stem cells. | Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive astrocytes brain tumor. Glioblastoma cancer stem cells and hypoxia conditions are well-known major obstacles in treatment. Studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs serve a critical role in glioblastoma progression, invasion, and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. The present study examined the expression levels of microRNAs (in normoxic condition) and long non-coding RNAs (in normoxic and hypoxic conditions) in glioblastoma stem cells treated with the HSV-G47∆. The expression levels of 43 miRNAs and 8 lncRNAs isolated from U251-GBM-CSCs were analyzed using a miRCURY LNA custom PCR array and a quantitative PCR assay, respectively. The data revealed that out of 43 miRNAs that only were checked in normoxic condition, the only 8 miRNAs, including miR-7-1, miR-let-7b, miR-130a, miR-137, miR-200b, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-874, were markedly upregulated. The expression levels of lncRNAs, including LEF1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 470 (LINC00470), tumor suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7), HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), and X inactive specific transcript (XIST), were markedly downregulated in the hypoxic microenvironment, and H19-imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19) was not observed to be dysregulated in this environment. Under normoxic conditions, LEF1-AS1, MALAT1, LINC00470, H19, HOTAIR, NEAT1, and XIST were downregulated and TUSC7 was not targeted by HSV-G47∆. Overall, the present data shows HSVG47Δ treatment deregulates non-coding RNA expression in GBM-CSC tumor microenvironments. |
35951178 | Simultaneous minimally invasive LVAD implantation and extracorporeal RVAD placement by patient with pectus excavatum and biventricular acute heart failure. | The optimal surgical approach in patients with pectus excavatum (PEx) who need cardiac surgery remains uncertain. The challenge is even greater, if it is already foreseeable that the patient will be needed further procedure in the next future. We describe a novel sternotomy-sparing approach for minimal-invasive biventricular assist device (BiVAD) implantation in a patient with an acute heart failure (HF) due to dilated cardiomyopathy and severe PEx. Moreover, alternative approaches for ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation and timing of the repair of PEx will be discussed. |
35951179 | Overview of Somatic Embryogenesis. | Somatic embryogenesis is a natural phenomenon through which somatic embryos are produced from somatic cells although. It is considered the most efficient morphogenic pathways for plant multiplication. One of the key features of somatic embryogenesis is the use of cellular totipotency, where dedifferentiation is induced to foster cell proliferation, followed by the induction of differentiation using plant growth regulators to produce new plants. There is a cell group with the potential to undergo the somatic embryogenesis pathway through adequate stimulation (plant growth regulators, incubation conditions, and supplementation of the culture medium). There are two somatic embryogenesis pathways in plants: direct and indirect embryogenesis. Direct somatic embryogenesis consists of the formation of embryos directly from isolated cells, without the formation of "callous" tissue. Indirect somatic embryogenesis is characterized by the formation of a callus as a stage that precedes the formation of somatic embryos. It should be stressed that not all plant cells have this morphogenic capacity; consequently, determining the type of factors that drive this type of response has been challenging. This book provides the reader with updated available information on the techniques, relevant protocols, and tools to perform somatic embryogenesis in different plant species for economic purposes. |
35951181 | Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis in Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.). | Somatic embryogenesis is an in vitro plant morphogenetic process due to cell totipotentiality to induce shoot regeneration. To induce this proliferation pathway, we used auxins such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid bination with cytokinins. There are numerous somatic embryogenesis protocols for a great diversity of plants, including orchids, but none has been yet reported in Vanilla planifolia. Vanilla (V. planifolia) is propagated mainly asexually through cuttings. Under in vitro conditions, it is propagated asexually through direct and indirect organogenesis involving the use of various plant growth regulators in different concentrations. The cell response depends on explant type, culture medium used, and incubation conditions. Direct organogenesis involves de novo formation from differentiated cells; the indirect pathway develops from cell dedifferentiation that produces an explant called "callus." In most cases, this type of cell regeneration uses Benzyladenine. The explants most used in this pathway are shoots, roots, and protocorms, although some studies report the use of other types of explants, including leaves and seeds. Somatic embryogenesis in vanilla has been poorly studied partly because of the recalcitrance of this species. This work mentioned the advances in the in vitro morphogenesis of V. planifolia, mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of each morphogenetic pathway and its characteristics. |
35951165 | Plasmonic Hybrid Nanostructures in Photocatalysis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications. | (Sun)Light is an abundantly available sustainable source of energy that has been used in catalyzing chemical reactions for several decades now. In particular, studies related to the interaction of light with plasmonic nanostructures have been receiving increased attention. These structures display the unique property of localized surface plasmon resonance, which converts light of a specific wavelength range into hot charge carriers, along with strong local electromagnetic fields, and/or heat, which may all enhance the reaction efficiency in their own way. These unique properties of plasmonic nanoparticles can be conveniently tuned by varying the metal type, size, shape, and dielectric environment, thus prompting a research focus on rationally designed plasmonic hybrid nanostructures. In this review, the term "hybrid" implies nanomaterials that consist of multiple plasmonic or non-plasmonic materials, plex configurations in the geometry and/or at the atomic level. We discuss the synthetic techniques and evolution of such hybrid plasmonic nanostructures giving rise to a wide variety of material and geometric configurations. Bimetallic alloys, which result in a new set of opto-physical parameters, pared with core-shell configurations. For the latter, the use of metal, semiconductor, and polymer shells is reviewed. Also, plex structures such as Janus and antenna posites are discussed. This review further summarizes the studies exploiting plasmonic hybrids to elucidate the plasmonic-photocatalytic mechanism. Finally, we review the implementation of these plasmonic hybrids in different photocatalytic application domains such as H |
35951180 | Internal and External Regulatory Elements Controlling Somatic Embryogenesis in Catharanthus: A Model Medicinal Plant. | Somatic or in vitro embryogenesis is a unique embryo producing process from vegetative cells observed in plants since 1958. Even over 60 years of research, the transition of somatic cells into embryonic fate is still not elucidated fully. Various networks and signaling elements have been noted to play important role in this "vegetative to reproductive" transition process. The networks include genotypes, explant types, the sugar/carbohydrate sources, cultural/environmental conditions like light quality and intensity, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, cell density, plant growth regulator (PGR) (auxin and cytokinin) signaling, PGR-gene interplay, stresses are important and cause new cellular reprogramming during embryonic acquisition. A wide array of genes, specific to zygotic embryogenesis, also express during somatic embryogenesis. A few embryogenesis-specific genes such as SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS LIKE RECEPTOR KINASE, LEAFY COTYLEDON, AGAMOUS-LIKE 15, and BABY BOOM are crucial and have been discussed. The chapter focuses the importance of these gene products, e.g., proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors in regulating embryogenesis. Many of these encoded proteins act as potential somatic embryogenesis markers. Besides, important elements such as genotype, herbaceous/woody plants' response in culture in inducing embryos have been discussed. All these elements are connected and form network plex fashion thus difficult to unfold fully; some of the current progress and developments have been presented in this chapter. |
35951184 | Theobroma cacao: Somatic Embryogenesis. | A two-step bining direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis, on solid and liquid medium, respectively is described for Theobroma cacao L. Staminodes and petals from unopened bud flowers are used to induce primary direct embryos. Then, these primary embryos are cut to produce embryogenic calli which will develop secondary embryos. This step of indirect SE allows us to produce large quantities of embryos and to do mass propagation using liquid culture medium. Despite a very strong clone dependency and high batch-to-batch variability, about 80% of T. cacao cultivars respond to somatic embryogenesis and can be propagated by this method. |
35951185 | Somatic Embryogenesis in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). | Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which embryos are formed from a single or small group of somatic cells in response to specific stimuli. Somatic embryogenesis has been applied to achieve mass clonal propagation on an industrial scale and to increase the agronomic performance of species of economic interest, including sugarcane. The use of somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane stands out as a biotechnological tool with a high potential for application in the clonal propagation of disease-free elite varieties, as an essential part of genetic transformation protocols, and in the production of synthetic seeds. A better understanding of each phase of somatic embryogenesis can help to optimize the process to enhance yields and produce high-quality emblings. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) to be used in research projects for small-scale production. This prises all steps from explant preparation to the establishment of sugarcane emblings. |
35951183 | Use of Thin Cell Layer Technique for Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis of Agave fourcroydes. | Agave fourcroydes (henequén) is a plant used for the extraction of hard fiber from its leaves. Due to its long-life cycle, it is very difficult to genetically improve. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a very useful micropropagation technique, that can be used for genetic improvement programs and increase the micropropagation of this species. SE is a morphogenic process by which somatic embryos are generated from somatic cells reprogramming. To initiate the regeneration program, the loss of munication is suggested to be important. The Thin Cell Layer (TCL) technique allows for the isolation of specific cell or tissue layers, and in conjunction with strictly controlled growth conditions, may lead to the in vitro induction of specific morphogenic programs. Here, we describe a new protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis through TCL culture technique, from stem of elite clonal A. fourcroydes vitroplants previously generated through micropropagation of adventitious shoots. |
35951186 | Somatic Embryogenesis in Banana (Musa spp.). | Bananas (Musa ssp.) are among the world's most important crops. In terms of gross value of production, they are the fourth most important global food crop and have an important socioeconomic and ecological role. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process, in which somatic cells differentiate into embryos which eventually develop and regenerate into plants. SE is exploited to generate a large quantity of very high economic value, genetically identical and disease-free plantlets. In bananas, the use of shoot apexes of axillary buds to induce SE resulted an alternative for plant regeneration through embryogenic cell suspension (ECS). The protocol has been scaled up mercial laboratories for tissue culture (biofactories) for production of planting materials. The genetic stability of regenerated plants and high yields obtained under field conditions demonstrate the feasibility of scaling up this biotechnological protocol and adapting it mercial production of planting materials to mitigate a critical bottleneck in the value chain of this important crop. |
35951187 | Citrus Protoplast Isolation and Plant Regeneration Through Somatic Embryogenesis. | Protoplasts are an attractive explant source for biotechnological tools widely used on citrus genetic improvement, such as somatic hybridization and direct genetic transformation. These delicate and responsive materials are subjected to cell proliferation induction and differentiation of somatic embryos which further regenerate into entire plants. The isolation of viable protoplasts followed by regeneration of plants through somatic embryogenesis is an important methodology for breeding applications. The methods presented here can also be used as a reference for protoplast work in other species, followed by protocol optimization for different species/genotypes. |
35951182 | Somatic Embryogenesis in Pines. | Among the different in vitro culture techniques, somatic embryogenesis has been one of the most important developments for plant tissue culture; it has enabled mass propagation and the development of biotechnological tools to enhance the productivity and quality of plantation forestry. This propagation technique together with cryopreservation is the base of multivarietal forestry.The development of somatic embryogenesis in forest trees dates from 1985, and in the last years several studies have focused on the development and optimization of the conifer somatic embryogenesis process to make it more efficient in terms of both the quantity and the characteristics of the plants obtained. However, these advances are not sufficiently refined to be mercially for many Pinus spp. due to the high cost of the process derived from hand labor. Nowadays, trying to add value to the plants produced pensate the high costs of the process, different studies are being developed in order to obtain Pinus somatic plants with better adaptation to environmental stresses prompted by the current situation of climate change.In this chapter, a summary of the recent somatic embryogenesis systems developed to achieve Pinus spp. high quality plants is presented. |
35951189 | Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Olive Zygotic Embryos. | The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and the explant type on the embryogenesis and plant regeneration of olive (Olea europaea L. ssp europaea var. sativa) cv. "Chetoui" were studied using immature zygotic embryos. Embryogenic callus induction was achieved on OMc medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and NAA at low levels. Immature zygotic embryos as juvenile tissues petent for somatic embryogenesis independently of PGRs supplementation. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis was obtained on PGRs-free media or at low concentrations in the dark. |
35951191 | Somatic Embryogenesis of Anthurium andraeanum Linden., -A Tropical Florists' Plant. | The global floriculture market is expected to reach US$41.1 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 5% over the analysis period 2020-2027; on the year 2020, the recorded market value in this trade was US$29.2 billion. The florists mainly use Anthurium andraeanum flowers in fashionable bouquets and floral arrangements because of their beautiful, attractive bright colored eye-catching spathe, candle-like spadix, prolonged vase life, etc. The cut flower industry always seeks elite cultivars and new hybrids of A. andraeanum, that in turn depend on the availability of large numbers of clonal planting propagules. In vitro somatic embryogenesis is an important technique for large-scale clonal propagation, development of transgenic plants, creation of new variety by somaclonal variation, mutagenesis on in vitro plants, and germplasm preservation for future use. Here, we describe the protocol of somatic embryogenesis of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Cancan, an mercial cultivated variety. The protocol has been optimized by using 4 different types of culture media which are used during embryogenic callus induction, multiplication of callus, induction of somatic embryogenesis, and maturation plus conversion of embryos into plantlets. The protocol outlines the detailed methods from mother plant procurement to hardening of micro plants that is ready to transfer in the field and it can be used for mercial propagation. |
35951188 | Somatic Embryogenesis in Citrus (Citrus spp.), var. Valencia. | Somatic embryogenesis has been obtained in many citrus cultivars; however, the efficiency of the system is genotype dependent and culture synchronization is important to reach more efficient systems. In this chapter we present a detailed protocol of somatic embryogenesis induction from nucellar tissue and the use of an alternative method of callus sieving for culture synchronization and embryo production. This is a simple method which can also be evaluated for other species aiming at better culture efficiency and somatic embryo production. |
35951190 | Somatic Embryogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya L.). | High mortality rates of in vitro plants during ex vitro acclimatization, due to low rooting, is one of the main problems of papaya tissue culture. This work was carried out with the objective to obtain 100% hermaphroditic in vitro plants of the papaya cultivar "Maradol Roja" by somatic embryogenesis, which have an adequate rooting system that allows them a higher survival percentage in the ex vitro acclimatization phase. In international scientific literature, there are several protocols; however, not all of them cover the different phases of somatic embryogenesis. This chapter describes plete and optimized protocol from immature zygotic embryos in this cultivar. It also looks at the morpho-anatomical characterization of somatic embryos in the different stages of ontogenetic development, as well as high survival rates under ex vitro conditions of the plants obtained. It can be used for genetic improvement and propagation of this species. |
35951192 | Use of Thin Cell Layer (TCL) to Obtain Somatic Embryogenesis. | The thin cell layer (TCL) culture system was initially reported in relation to the model plant Nicotiana tabacum, giving rise to 47 years of continuous application and investigation on micropropagation and plant breeding of over 100 plant species or hybrids. The small sizes of the tissue sections (100 μm to 1-2 mm in thickness), its classification into transverse TCL (tTCL) or longitudinal TCL (lTCL) categories, and the interaction between the cultured cells and the culture medium are the main drivers of its efficacy in tens of plants for the induction of somatic embryogenesis, relative to the conventional in-vitro culture system. Furthermore, it promotes higher productivity and reduced time in the proliferation of cultures, which is key for the differentiation of cells and plant tissues. This chapter describes the main characteristics of the TCL sections, and the interaction between cells under in-vitro culture. In addition, it highlights the latest findings reporting the success of TCL in ornamental, herbaceous, woody, and recalcitrant plants. In most cases, studies on the use of TCL bination with techniques such as bioreactors, histology, genetic transformation, and fidelity analysis, provide indisputable evidence that highlights the importance of this technique in plant biotechnology. Finally, the perspectives on TCL use are described, underlining the advantages and constraints of the technique for its continued use and future application. |
35951195 | Histological Procedures Carried out During Coconut Somatic Embryogenesis. | Histological methods allow to characterize the developmental changes that occur in plant tissues during in vitro culturing of explants. Different procedures to assess these changes have been reported in the literature. Here we describe a simple histological procedure to evaluate the development of explants using the fixation with paraformaldehyde, embedding with methacrylate resin and staining with periodic acid Schiff's reagent and naphthol blue black. This method allows to obtain high contrast in the stained cells, for a better characterization of cellular events that occur during coconut somatic embryogenesis. |
35951193 | Inorganic Compounds that Aid in Obtaining Somatic Embryos. | Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that allows formation of embryos from somatic cells; this biological process has different stages that first require micropropagation and conditioning of explant, and then induction, multiplication, development, and germination of somatic embryos (SoE), to obtain seedlings that will be acclimatized and grown in a greenhouse to further be cultivated in the field. pounds are supplemented by macro- and micronutrients that can conform different culture media, and with pounds such as a carbon source, vitamins, and plant growth regulators (PGRs), will direct the fate of the plant cells to obtain SoE that will regenerate into plants. The concentration of these pounds must be optimized, since at very high concentrations they can cause toxicity and at low concentrations they may not induce the desired response. The objective of this chapter is to describe the most significant advances in the use of inorganic elements during the different stages of SE, starting with the description of the most used basal media and later describing the use of the main studied mineral elements during establishment of SE. |
35951194 | In Vitro Stress-Mediated Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants. | Somatic embryogenesis (SE) serves as a key biological model for studying cell totipotency and the ontogenic processes of zygotic embryogenesis in plants. The SE process, under in vitro conditions, can be induced from different sources of explant cultivated in a culture medium with plant growth regulators (PGR) or by subjecting tissues to abiotic stress treatments. Somatic embryogenesis, in plant tissue culture (PTC), is a multifactorial event. The use of PGR, particularly auxins, is an important factor during induction. However, in vitro abiotic stress treatments are physiologically, biochemically, and genetically relevant and should be further studied. |
35951196 | Somatic Embryogenesis of Brachiaria brizantha (Syn. Urochloa brizantha) Analyzed by In Situ Hybridization. | In situ hybridization with mRNA probes enables the detection and localization of gene expression in plant somatic embryogenesis samples. BbrizSERK is a gene that is expressed in embryogenic cells and tissues of Brachiaria. Here we describe methods used for in situ hybridization to localize BbrizSERK transcripts during somatic embryogenesis of Brachiaria brizantha according to the plant material and observations intended, using paraffin or butyl methyl methacrylate resin-embedded samples, as well as a method for whole-mount preparation applicable for the analysis of other genes involved in embryogenic processes, along with other in vitro processes. |
35951197 | Perspectives of Somatic Embryogenesis: Concluding Remarks. | One of the main objectives to achieve in plant tissue culture is the multiplication of the available plant material, taking full advantage of the regenerative capacities of plant cells. Somatic embryogenesis leverages cell totipotency to produce new explants from a cell, thus obtaining many propagules for scientific research, industrial, or exploitation purposes. Somatic embryogenesis (ES) characterizes by being one of the most efficient techniques in plant micropropagation. However, developing an efficient plant ES protocol requires several key factors to consider, as demonstrated throughout the chapters of this book. These chapters highlight the major drivers of the success of ES in different plant species: plant growth regulators, concentration of auxins and cytokines, water deficit, photoperiod, and type of culture medium; techniques such as the use of bioreactors and Thin Cell Layer (TCL); and the influence of stress on the formation of somatic embryos. Research has been conducted to address each phase of somatic embryogenesis, either individually or for all phases. The chapters of this book cover in detail the techniques used and provide guidance that will allow readers to successfully develop all the somatic embryogenesis phases in different cultures, from cell dedifferentiation to differentiation. |
35951199 | Alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity through melatonin modulated physiological functions, antioxidants, and metabolites in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). | The rising concentration of cadmium (Cd) builds a harmful effect on human and plant health associated with food chain contagion. Melatonin (MT) is an pound. Hence, the experiment was conducted to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanism of Cd detoxification by exogenous MT in tomato. Pots were filled with 30 ppm of Cd spiked soil and different concentration of exogenous MT was given to the plants through seed treatment (250 ppm), foliar spray viz., 25, 50, and 100 ppm, and both, whereas the foliar spray was given at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and 46 DAT. When the plants are exposed to Cd stress, it reduces the gas exchange characters. The results revealed that foliar spray of 25 ppm of exogenous MT recorded the highest photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and osmotic potential. MT had a direct interaction with reactive oxygen species scavenging by elevating endogenous antioxidant enzymes as well as the metabolites in plants. The contribution of MT foliar spray of 25 ppm at 30 and 46 DAT can mitigate Cd stress and it has potential implications for ensuring food safety and food security in marginal agriculture. |
35951198 | Experiential Avoidance and Emotion Dysregulation as Mediators in the LGBTQ Minority Stress Model. | Gender and sexual minorities are at increased risk for psychological pared to the general population. The minority stress model has been proposed to explain these elevated rates of psychological distress. Per this model, minority stress factors (e.g., prejudice, discrimination, rejection, internalized homophobia/ bine to create a unique stress which negatively impacts the mental health of gender and sexual minority individuals. With support for the general minority stress model established, attention has turned to investigating possible mediators in this model. In other words, how does minority stress cause psychological distress and negative mental health es? The aim of the present study was to investigate experiential avoidance and emotion dysregulation as potential mediators in the relationship between minority stress factors and psychological distress. Final parallel mediation models supported that experiential avoidance and emotion dysregulation were significant mediators in the relationship between minority stress variables and psychological distress. These final models support that minority stress experiences, experiential avoidance, and emotion dysregulation are all factors that contribute to psychological distress in gender and sexual minority individuals. The implications of these findings are discussed. |
35951201 | The relationship between central fatigue and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of the inattentive type. | Chronic fatigue and central fatigue with malaise significantly impair quality of life. Inattention caused by central fatigue is closely related to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but the neurochemical mechanism of central fatigue remains hypothetical. The serotonin hypothesis of central fatigue was proposed first, serving as the central dogma for the molecular and neural mechanisms of central fatigue, and underpinning many studies. The tryptophan hypothesis was proposed because tryptophan released into the synaptic cleft of neurons in the brain coincides with and responds sensitively to development of fatigue. Tryptophan is highly bioactive, with brain concentrations of 50 to 200 times that of serotonin. The tryptophan-kynurenic acid-synergy hypothesis posits that central fatigue is not monocausal but a synergistic effect between tryptophan itself and its catabolite kynurenic acid. Central fatigue is associated with mental health problems and is a cause of inattention, thereby warranting scrutiny for its relationship with ADHD. Fatigability in ADHD is mediated by tryptophan, in which abnormal enhancement of the tryptophan-kynurenine-kynurenic acid pathway causes an imbalance in monoamine nervous system function. Notably, noradrenergic neuronal dysfunction is associated with the characteristic inattention of ADHD. Neutral amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can assist recovery from attentional and cognitive decline caused by central fatigue. Since they are transported by the same L-amino acid transporter as tryptophan, pete with tryptophan to inhibit its brain uptake. Controlling central fatigue this way may improve attentional cognitive performance. |
35951202 | MiR-182 Inhibition Protects Against Experimental Stroke in vivo and Mitigates Astrocyte Injury and Inflammation in vitro via Modulation of Cortactin Activity. | Ischemic stroke remains a devastating cerebrovascular disease that accounts for a high proportion of mortality and disability worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are responsible for regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression, and growing evidence supports a role for miRNAs in stroke injury and recovery. The current study examined the role of miR-182 in experimental stroke using both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic injury. Brain levels of miR-182 significantly increased after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice and in primary astrocyte cultures subjected bined oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. In vivo, stroke volume and neurological score were significantly improved by pre-treatment with miR-182 antagomir. Astrocyte cultures stressed with OGD/R resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation and downregulation of cortactin, an actin-binding protein. Inhibition of miR-182 significantly preserved cortactin expression, reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and improved astrocyte survival after OGD/R. In parallel, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric-oxide release in astrocyte cultures was significantly reduced by miR-182 inhibition, translating to reduced injury in primary neuronal cultures subjected to conditioned medium from LPS-treated astrocytes. These findings identify miR-182 and/or cortactin as potential clinical targets to preserve mitochondrial structure and mitigate neuroinflammation and cell death after ischemic stroke. |
35951203 | Persistent capillary rarefication in long COVID syndrome. | Recent studies have highlighted Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a multisystemic vascular disease. Up to 60% of the patients suffer from long-term sequelae and persistent symptoms even 6 months after the initial infection. |
35951200 | Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: new insights into mechanisms and implications. | The current effective method for the treatment of myocardial infarction is timely restoration of the blood supply to the ischemic area of the heart. Although reperfusion is essential for reestablishing oxygen and nutrient supplies, it often leads to additional myocardial damage, creating an important clinical dilemma. Reports from long-term studies have confirmed that mitochondrial damage is the critical mechanism in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are dynamic and possess a quality control system that targets mitochondrial quantity and quality by modifying mitochondrial fusion, fission, mitophagy, and biogenesis and protein homeostasis to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. The system of mitochondrial quality control plex molecular machinery that is highly interconnected and associated with pathological changes such as oxidative stress, calcium overload, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because of the critical role of the mitochondrial quality control systems, many reports have suggested that defects in this system are among the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial reperfusion injury. In this review, we briefly summarize the important role of the mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocyte function and focus on the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control in cardiac I/R damage. |
35951204 | Mapping the Dilemmas Parents Face with Disclosing Autism Diagnosis to their Child. | The diagnosis of autism is often delivered solely to the parents, a practice that forces them to confront the dilemma of whether, when and how they should disclose it to the child. The present study seeks to probe deeper into the phenomenon of diagnosis disclosure and lead to a clearer understanding of the dilemmas parents? face. This article presents an analysis of a focus group and an online survey conducted with parents. The analysis produced a model that maps parents' dilemmas regarding diagnosis disclosure to their child. The dilemmas, found to plex and interconnected, concern the invisible nature of autism, the word autism and stigma, time motif, child's environment, the act of disclosure itself, and the child's personal narrative. |
35951205 | Probabilistic Learning of Cue-Outcome Associations is not Influenced by Autistic Traits. | According to Bayesian/predictive coding models of autism, autistic individuals may have difficulties learning probabilistic e associations, but empirical evidence has been mixed. The target cues used in previous studies were often straightforward and might not reflect real-life learning of such associations which requires learners to infer which cue(s) among many to track. Across two experiments, pared adult learners with varying levels of autistic traits on their ability to infer the correct cue to learn probabilistic e associations when explicitly instructed to do so or when exposed implicitly. We found no evidence for the effect of autistic traits on probabilistic learning accuracy, contrary to the predictions of Bayesian/predictive coding models. Implications for the current Bayesian/predictive coding models are discussed. |
35951207 | Determination of the Spiritual Support Perceptions of Students at a Vocational School of Health Services in Turkey. | This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to determine the spiritual support perceptions of students (n = 606) at the Vocational School of Health Services at a university in Turkey in the academic year of 2019-2020. A Personal Information Form and the Spiritual Support Perception Scale were used to collect their data. The data evaluated descriptive analyses, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The mean age of the participants was 19.85 ± 1.78 years, 68.5% of them were female, 34.7% were students at the clinical laboratory techniques department, and 57.4% were first-year students. The mean Spiritual Support Perception Scale score of the participants was 50.08 ± 9.93, which was above average. |
35951206 | Triiodothyronine Treatment reverses Depression-Like Behavior in a triple-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's Disease. | Alzheimer disease's (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment. The central nervous system is an important target of thyroid hormones (TH). An inverse association between serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels and the risk of AD symptoms and progression has been reported. We investigated the effects of T3 treatment on the depression-like behavior in male transgenic 3xTg-AD mice. Animals were divided into 2 groups treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of 20 ng/g of body weight (b.w.) L-T3 (T3 group) or saline (vehicle, control group). The experimental protocol lasted 21 days, and behavioral tests were conducted on days 18-20. At the end of the experiment, the TH profile and hippocampal gene expression were evaluated. The T3-treated group significantly increased serum T3 and decreased thyroxine (T4) levels. pared to control hippocampal samples, the T3 group exhibited attenuated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), amyloid-beta precursor-protein (APP), serotonin transporter (SERT), 5HT1A receptor, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) gene expression, whereas augmented superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Hairless gene expression. T3-treated animals also displayed reduced immobility time in both the tail suspension and forced swim tests, and in the latter presented a higher latency pared to the control group. Therefore, our findings suggest that in an AD mouse model, T3 supplementation promotes improvements in depression-like behavior, through the modulation of the serotonergic related genes involved in the transmission mediated by 5HT1A receptors and serotonin reuptake, and attenuated disease progression. |
35951208 | Analysis of Upper Airway Flow Dynamics in Robin Sequence Infants Using 4-D Computed Tomography and Computational Fluid Dynamics. | Robin Sequence (RS) is a potentially fatal craniofacial condition characterized by undersized jaw, posteriorly displaced tongue, and resultant upper airway obstruction (UAO). Accurate assessment of UAO severity is crucial for management and diagnosis of RS, yet current evaluation modalities have significant limitations and no quantitative measures of airway resistance exist. In this study, bine puted tomography putational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess, for the first time, UAO severity using fluid dynamic metrics in RS patients. Dramatic intrapopulation differences are found, with the ratio between most and least severe patients in breathing resistance, energy loss, and peak velocity equal to 40:1, 20:1, and 6:1, respectively. Analysis of local airflow dynamics characterized patients as presenting with primary obstructions either at the location of the tongue base, or at the larynx, with tongue base obstructions resulting in a more energetic stenotic jet and greater breathing resistance. Finally, CFD-derived flow metrics are found to correlate with the level of clinical respiratory support. Our results highlight the large intrapopulation variability, both in quantitative metrics of UAO severity (resistance, energy loss, velocity) and in the location and intensity of stenotic jets for RS patients. These results suggest puted airflow metrics may significantly improve our understanding of UAO and its management in RS. |
35951209 | Improving Children's Behavior in Seven Sessions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE) for Children Aged 2-10 Years. | Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE) is a brief intervention for children with externalizing behaviors designed to address issues with their access to and retention in treatment. A growing evidence base of open trials parison studies support PC-CARE's benefits, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of its effectiveness exist. The current study presents the first RCT of PC-CARE, a 7-session dyadic parenting intervention (trial number removed for blind review). Participants included a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 49 children (29% female) aged 2-10 years and their caregivers. Participants were randomly assigned to PC-CARE or waitlist control. Families participating in PC-CARE showed greater reductions in children's externalizing behaviors, improvements in children's adaptive skills, declines in parental stress, and increases in parents' munication pared to families on the waitlist. The results of this first RCT of PC-CARE support the effectiveness of this brief intervention in improving children's behaviors. |
35951211 | Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of a C-11 Radiotracer for Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5 in the Brain. | TRPC5 belongs to the mammalian superfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) Ca |
35951215 | Extraction of a fractured pacemaker lead in the left bundle branch area using a snare via a femoral approach. | We present the first reported case of extraction of a ventricular lead placed in the left bundle branch area with a double-loop design snare via the femoral approach without plication. It was a 4-month-old lead whose extraction was not possible only with a conventional stylet via an implant vein approach, so we want to show plete procedural success is possible. |
35951214 | Left atrial appendage sealing performance of the Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman FLX device. | The left atrial appendage (LAA) sealing properties of the Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman FLX devices pared using puted tomography (CT) follow-up. |
35951216 | Tumor-to-tumor metastasis of colon cancer metastasizing to a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease: a case report. | Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is frequently associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Here, we report a case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in a VHL patient in whom colon cancer metastasized to the interior of a PNET. A 65-year-old man had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas in both adrenal glands in his 50 s. Genetic screening was performed considering his family history of pheochromocytoma, and he was diagnosed with VHL. PNET was detected, for which the patient was regularly monitored by follow-up imaging. One year ago, the patient underwent right hemicolectomy to remove a tumor in the ascending colon (pT3N0M0, pStage IIA). He was admitted to our department for detailed examination because the pancreatic tumor had grown, and thus, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Diagnostic imaging and histological findings indicated tumor-to-tumor metastasis, in which the patient's previous colon cancer had metastasized to and proliferated within the PNET. Colon cancer metastasizing to a PNET is extraordinarily rare and has never been reported in the literature. Thus, practitioners should be vigilant for tumor-to-tumor metastasis when performing imaging surveillance of PNETs. |
35951213 | The role of ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in intermittent hypoxia-induced myocardial injury. | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and plays critical roles in myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced myocardial injury involving endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). |
35951218 | Designated prescribing practitioners: a theory-based cross-sectional study of stakeholders' views on implementation of a novel pharmacy regulator mandated preceptorship model. | Scottish Government is increasing independent prescribers (IP) munity pharmacy (CP). A new preceptorship model using IPs as Designated Prescribing Practitioners (DPPs) has been introduced. |
35951217 | Efficacy and treatment-related adverse events of multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Their efficacy and safety have been studied in randomized controlled trials. |
35951219 | Impact of abiotic factors and road networks on the freshwater turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Emydidae) in northern Iran. | Emys orbicularis is one of the freshwater turtles occurring in Europe, Middle East and Western Asia, but also occur in Caucasus region as Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Southern Caspian Sea region (northern Iran provinces as Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan). In this study, seventeen localities in three Iranian provinces were investigated to study the response of this species to abiotic factors (water quality parameters) and road mortality. To test for differences in occurrence of E. orbicularis between sites that could be explained by variation in abiotic factors, one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's HSD post hoc tests were conducted. These showed significant differences in conductivity (CON) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) between locations in the three provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan [CON: (F (2, 13) = 9.824, p = 0.003); TDS: (F (2, 13) = 13.957, p = 0.001)]. Differences in four other abiotic variables-water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO)-were not significant between provinces, although there were differences. These findings suggested that the species can occur in ponds with the following features: temperature 21-28 °C; pH 7-8; salinity > 750 mg/L; DO > 30%. Road mortality might be another factor that could contribute to the decline of this turtle's population in northern Iran, noting that the roads were created by human within the species' habitat and increased the mortality rate. Roads should be monitored in order to evaluate their effect on freshwater turtle mortality. Overall, our results demonstrated the advantage of using analysis of abiotic variables as a valid approach for defining species-responses to abiotic factors in E. orbicularis and mended monitoring roads to find high-risk mortality of this species and create under road tunnels for moving turtles without any risk to reduce high rate of mortality. |
35951220 | Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Trypanosoma theileri Infection Associated with Peritonitis in Crossbred Cow: A Rare Case Report. | The present study reports a very rare case of Trypanosoma theileri like infection in the peritoneal fluid of a 6-year-old female Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle brought to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar. The aim of the clinical study was to report an unusual case of T. theileri-like infection associated with peritonitis and its therapeutic management. |
35951221 | Spatio-temporal Prediction of the Malaria Transmission Risk in Minab District (Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran). | Malaria is the most important parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions, with more than 240 million cases reported annually. In Iran, indigenous cases occur in its south-eastern region. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental risk of malaria transmission in an endemic area of southern Iran. |
35951223 | A Novel PCR-RFLP to Detect and Differentiate Schistosoma spindale and S. indicum, the Pathogenic Schistosomes in Indian Cattle. | Visceral schistosomosis is an economically important trematode infection caused by Schistosoma spindale and S. indicum in among ruminants. The lack of sensitive diagnostic tools has often led to underestimation of the prevalence in live animals. A sensitive copro-PCR targeting partial mitochondrial gene was developed to detect Schistosoma spp. However, this protocol could not differentiate between the two species. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of species differentiation using restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products (PCR- RFLP). |
35951222 | Effect of α-Tocopheryloxy Acetic Acid on the Infection of Mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA In Vivo and Humans with P. falciparum In Vitro. | Malarial parasites are susceptible to oxidative stress. The effects of α-tocopheryloxy acetic acid (α-TEA), a vitamin E analog, on infection by Plasmodium berghei ANKA and P. falciparum in mice and human red blood cells (RBCs), respectively, were examined in this study. |
35951224 | New Perspectives on Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction in Chronic Venous Disease: From Microvalves to Clinical Effectiveness. | The importance of chronic venous disease (CVD), as a cause of reduced quality of life and increased costs to healthcare systems, is expected to rise in parallel with population aging and the increasing prevalence of obesity. Venoactive drugs (VADs) are frequently used to treat the symptoms and signs of CVD. The monly used and widely studied VAD, micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF), is effective at all stages of CVD, and has been shown to significantly reduce leg pain, leg heaviness and swelling, as well as ankle oedema and functional fort, in clinical trials. Recently, experiments employing animal models of CVD have demonstrated that MPFF has anti-inflammatory and venotonic effects at the microvalve level, and a pilot clinical study in patients with CVD has provided support for these findings. Collectively, these results suggest that early initiation of MPFF treatment may have the potential to favourably alter the clinical course of the disease, although further clinical data are required to confirm these findings. International guidelines on CVD management strongly mend MPFF to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Studies are now needed to investigate the impact of long-term treatment on disease progression. |
35951210 | Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease. | Neurodegeneration is among the most critical challenges that involve modern societies and annually influences millions of patients worldwide. While the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) plicated, the role of mitochondrial is demonstrated. The in vitro and in vivo models and genome-wide association studies in human cases proved that specific genes, including PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, SNCA, and LRRK2, linked mitochondrial dysfunction with PD. Also, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of PD. Targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic approach to inhibit or slow down PD formation and progression seems to be an exciting issue. The current review summarized known mutations associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and PD. The significance of mtDNA in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and potential PD therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction was then discussed. |
35951227 | A Descriptive Analysis of the Execution of the Expert Field Medical Badge Competition with Mitigation Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic. | Introduction: In September 2020, the 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Carson, CO, executed an Expert Field Medical Badge (EFMB) event, unique in its implementation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation measures. We conducted a descriptive analysis of our experience to inform future EFMB events. |
35951228 | A Citywide Analysis of DWI Events in Association with Bar Reopening and Increased Restaurant Capacity. | During the COVID-19 pandemic many bars closed. Simultaneously, many persons experienced stay at home orders linked to an increase in alcohol use. The net impact of these restrictions on the incidence of driving while intoxicated (DWI) events is unclear. |
35951226 | Task Force Contain: A Descriptive Analysis of Brigade Combat Team COVID-19 Operations. | In March 2020, a Fort Carson bat team established Task Force (TF) Contain in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We offer a descriptive analysis of the TF Contain execution. |
35951230 | Battlefield Triage and Resource Allocation during a Pandemic: Learning from the Past and Adapting for the Future. | The principle of medical triage, where patients are sorted into categories to guide the order in which they receive treatment, dates back to Baron Dominique Jean Larrey, the surgeon general of Napolean's armies. The concept evolved with military conflicts throughout the 19th century, was subsequently adapted to situations off the battlefield, and is now widely practiced where resources are limited.2 Military medical providers are taught triage principles early in their careers and its use is routinely integrated into military training scenarios and operational planning. |
35951232 | National Guard Response to COVID-19: A Snapshot in Time during the Pandemic. | Since March of 2020, thousands of National Guard service members have played a key role in the domestic response to COVID-19, ranging from medical support, health screening, decontamination, personal protective equipment (PPE) training, and more. As a result of these missions, there was a hypothesized potential increase in COVID-19 exposure risk. |
35951234 | Surgical Tracheostomy in a COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Study. | COVID-19 has caused a worldwide epidemic, essentially forcing healthcare workers to adapt and innovate in an effort to provide quality patient care while also protecting themselves from potential infection. Current clinical guidelines do not mend the routine placement of tracheostomies in COVID-19 positive patients. Inevitably, patients who require intubation secondary to COVID-19 related pulmonary infections may require prolonged ventilation, placing the patients at risk for tracheal and laryngeal stenosis, vocal cord paralysis, and ventilation-associated pneumonias among plications. This case study demonstrates the successful performance of a surgical tracheostomy in a COVID-19 positive patient while additionally discussing the personal protective equipment used by the anesthesia and surgical teams and reviewing mendations for anesthetic care during tracheostomy in a COVID-19 positive patient. |
35951229 | Impact of Mobile COVID-19 Laboratory Testing on Readiness of US Army 1/34th Armored Brigade Combat Team, 34th Infantry Division Deployment to National Training Center, Fort Irwin, CA. | The emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly evolved into a worldwide pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic had a major operational impact upon the US military, requiring interventions to mitigate transmission risk resulting in DoD-wide disruption of daily operations, restriction of movement, and delays in training. Development of a rapid mobile COVID-19 testing strategy was pursued as a means to allow service members plete critical missions in select settings. In this report, we describe the first of its kind mobile medical laboratory (MML) that allowed for testing of approximately 4,000 soldiers of the 1/34th Armored Brigade Combat Team (1/34th ABCT), 34th Infantry Division, prior to deployment for validation exercises to the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, CA. We describe the utilizing of the MML, COVID-19 testing workflow, clinical symptom data/cycle threshold (Ct) data from positive patients, and es from this testing mission. |
35951233 | The Relationship of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D at Admission and Severity of Illness in COVID-19 Patients. | COVID-19 is a rapidly propagating respiratory virus causing a global pandemic. At the time of development of this study, not much was known about susceptibility to severe illness, especially without other known risk factors. Retrospective research suggested vitamin D level may correlate with severity of illness. This prospective, observational study seeks to determine if vitamin D level at admission is correlated with severity of illness as determined by needing intensive care unit (ICU)-level care within this first 28 days after admission. This study also looked at the relationship of vitamin D level at admission and mortality, need for ventilator, and number of hospital-free, ICU-free, and ventilator-free days in the 28 days after initial admission. |
35951231 | The Experiences of Clinical Engineering when Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic. | The scope of this article is limited to the actions and experiences of the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC) Clinical Engineering Branch (CEB) when planning and executing the COVID-19 response at the only US military Role 4 medical treatment facility (MTF) in Europe between 1 February and 1 May 2020. Aspects of the COVID-19 response extended throughout the Regional Health Command; therefore, the full breadth and scope of the total response is far too great to expound within this account alone. The entire medical staff, along with an innumerable number of partners, were immensely engaged in the response and performed remarkably well given the rapidly developing pandemic. It is a testament to the agility of Army Medicine and the robustness of the American and European health systems to develop such plicated medical response in such a short amount of time. |
35951237 | Plant responses to metals stress: microRNAs in focus. | Metal toxicity can largely affect the growth and yield of numerous plant species. Plants have developed specific mechanisms to withstand the varying amounts of metals. One approach involves utilization of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are known for cleaving transcripts or inhibiting translation to mediate post-transcriptional control. Use of transcription factors (TFs) or gene regulation in metal detoxification largely depends on metal-responsive miRNAs. Moreover, systemic signals and physiological processes for plants response to metal toxicities are likewise controlled by miRNAs. Therefore, it is necessary to understand miRNAs and their regulatory networks in relation to metal stress. The miRNA-based approach can be important to produce metal-tolerant plant species. Here, we have reviewed the importance of plant miRNAs and their role in mitigating metal toxicities. The current review also discusses the specific advances that have occurred as a result of the identification and validation of several metal stress-responsive miRNAs. |
35951238 | The role of N6-methyladenosine methylation in environmental exposure-induced health damage. | The health risks caused by environmental pollution have long been of substantial concern. With the development of epigenetics, a large number of studies have demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in the regulation of various important life activities associated with various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that m6A plays a key role in health damage caused by environmental exposure by regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Therefore, our study outlined the effects of environmental pollutant exposure on m6A methylation and its regulator levels. Moreover, we found that m6A methylation modifications were involved in the development of various health damages by regulating important life activities in vivo, such as reactive oxygen species imbalance, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory processes. More importantly, we delved into the regulatory mechanisms of m6A methylation dysregulation in environmental pollution-induced diseases. Finally, by examining the published literature, we found that methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) and fat mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO) were potentially used as biomarkers of health damage induced by particulate matter exposure and heavy metal exposure, respectively. The current studies on regulators of METTL3 and FTO were more promising to bring new perspectives for the treatment of environmental health-related diseases. |
35951235 | Quarantine in a COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from a Deployed Role I. | The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the world; and the US military changed with it. Although this virus presents with a wide spectrum of disease progression (no symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to death), its impact extends beyond health es. At the time of this study, numerous research and development projects were underway to develop a COVID-19 vaccine or other treatment modalities; however, there were no Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccines or medical therapeutics that definitively provided a cure. Instead, public health officials relied on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) as a main strategy to contain and mitigate the disease. The US military in partnership with host nation countries, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, exemplified unity of effort through a coordinated response: mass testing, prompt contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation. One main non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) strategy includes social distancing which has been shown to significantly impact pandemic influenza transmission translating to COVID-19 mitigation measures. In the military, strict adherence to quarantine, restriction of movement, and isolation orders can be a challenge since appropriate facilities and resources are limited in deployed and training environments. Further, asymptomatic carriage and transmission of COVID-19 disease (mean incubation time 6.2 days and range of 2-14 days) plicate quarantine and testing methodologies. Moreover, deployment of the NPI mitigation strategies such as quarantine and isolation in an effective and timely manner is essential to prevent further spread. In essence, quarantine is the prevention, and isolation is the cure. This paper aims to describe how a deployed US Army Role I can effectively utilize NPI and containment strategies during a global pandemic in an austere environment. |
35951239 | Temporal-spatial assessment of the vulnerability of human settlements in urban agglomerations in China. | Although many studies have focused on the livability and satisfaction of the human settlement environment in Chinese cities, few have paid attention to the vulnerability of human settlements in urban agglomerations in China (VHSUAC). The analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method bined in this paper prehensively weight the constructed four-dimensional evaluation index system. Then, we identified the key factors influencing VHSUAC. Finally, we use the environmental vulnerability index (EVI) to calculate the vulnerability value from 2008 to 2017 and display the vulnerability changes over time and space using ArcGIS software. The results show that (1) from the perspective of temporal pattern, VHSUAC showed a downward trend from 2008 to 2017, but the degree of decline in each urban agglomeration was not equal. There is a certain difference in the vulnerability value of the human settlement environment between the urban agglomeration and its inner cities, and their direction of change is not always the same. (2) From the perspective of spatial pattern, VHSUAC has obvious regional heterogeneity, presenting a spatial pattern of "low coastal areas and high inland areas." Coastal urban agglomerations pay more attention to the optimization of the human settlement environment. (3) In terms of influencing factors, the vulnerability values of the four system indicators are listed in the following order: economic support environment>urban ecological environment>public service environment>urban living environment. We found that domestic waste and sewage treatment have a more obvious impact on VHSUAC. |
35951236 | Nursing Opportunities and Challenges Related to COVID-19 UAMTF Deployments. | Military medicine is immersed in an operational tempo (OPTEMPO), which is unprecedented in modern times. The emergence of the novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread into a global pandemic and has stressed healthcare's infantryman-the frontline healthcare workers-to a potential breaking point. Registered nurses (RNs), doctors, respiratory therapists, medics, and others are experiencing multiple, open ended, short notice deployments, which have not only stressed their clinical skillset, but also their support systems. Understanding the background on OPTEMPO as well as the opportunities and challenges of the COVID-19 response will help leaders plan for future operations. |
35951242 | Surgical techniques in restoration lumbar lordosis: a biomechanical human cadaveric study. | Degenerative changes of the lumbar spine lead in general to decrease of lumbar lordosis (LL). This change affects the overall balance of the spine, and when surgery is deemed, necessary restoration of the LL is considered. How this restoration can be achieved is a matter of controversy. The main purpose of this cadaveric study was to investigate the different steps mon posterior surgical techniques to understand the contribution of each successive step in restoring LL. |
35951240 | A review on comparative study of Savonius wind turbine rotor performance parameters. | One approach for reducing the level of environmental contamination threats around the world is to use renewable energy-harvesting equipment. Wind is a potential environmental resource that has e a desirable aspect of urban use due to advances in wind turbine design technology. Other variants have been developed based on the classic vertical-axis Savonius rotor model, which, according to experimental test findings putational calculations, show higher operational characteristics performance. Generated power and shaft torque operational results are obtained by providing specific rotor blade shapes in these models, one of the mon designs, among small-scale rotor which uses a drag-based vertical axis whereas Savonius turbines having large-scale rotors not developed yet. This kind of rotor has the advantages of being simple to design, affordable, performing well at low speeds, and turns to flow direction independently. However, it was discovered that the Savonius rotor suffers through high quantity of negative torques created by the returning blade after a number of examinations into its performance. Many studies on various rotor types have been conducted to resolve the Savonius turbine's performance constraints. The research showed and analyzed the difficulties and modification in design parameters of rotor, as well as their major impact on rotor performance. |
35951241 | How do temperature, humidity, and air saturation state affect the COVID-19 transmission risk? | Environmental parameters have a significant impact on the spread of respiratory viral diseases (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and air saturation state). T and RH are strongly correlated with viral inactivation in the air, whereas supersaturated air can promote droplet deposition in the respiratory tract. This study introduces a new concept, the dynamic virus deposition ratio (α), that reflects the dynamic changes in viral inactivation and droplet deposition under varying ambient environments. A non-steady-state-modified Wells-Riley model is established to predict the infection risk of shared air space and highlight the high-risk environmental conditions. Findings reveal that a rise in T would significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the cold season, while the effect is not significant in the hot season. The infection risk under low-T and high-RH conditions, such as the frozen seafood market, is substantially underestimated, which should be taken seriously. The study encourages selected containment measures against high-risk environmental conditions and cross-discipline management in the public health crisis based on meteorology, government, and medical research. |
35951243 | Assessing the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in a low incidence and low mortality setting: the case of Thailand at start of the pandemic. | This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, preferred COVID-19 vaccine profiles, and the preferred vaccination strategies in Thailand. |
35951244 | Basileunculus Rafael, 1987 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with Description of Three New Species and an Updated Key to Males of the Neotropical Species. | Basileunculus Rafael, 1987 is exclusive of the Neotropical region and is a poorly studied pletely unknown in Colombia. Three new species of Basileunculus are described from Colombia, namely Basileunculus elieceri sp. nov. (type-locality: Cabaña Chaina, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque), B. elongatus sp. nov. (type-locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque), and B. tayronensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona). Basileunculus rex Curran, 1934 is recorded for the first time in Colombia, with an amended diagnosis. Descriptions, illustrations, diagnosis, distribution maps of new species, and a dichotomic key for all of the Neotropical species are presented. |
35951246 | Silver-manganese nanocomposite modified screen-printed carbon electrode in the fabrication of an electrochemical, disposable biosensor strip for cystic fibrosis. | A silver-manganese posite was successfully prepared by the urea hydrolysis method and used to detect chloride ions in sweat electrochemically. The synthesis involves the reaction of manganese sulphate, silver nitrate, and urea at 100 °C for 24 h. The crystalline nature of the particle was studied by diffraction analysis and found to be mixed-phase oxides of manganese alongside the oxides of silver. Morphological studies revealed the presence of quasi-prism-like structures, which is characteristic of β-MnO |
35951247 | Optimal settings of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green for intraoperative detection of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. | Lymphatic flow mapping using near-infrared fluorescence (NIR) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been used for intraoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in various cancers. Accurate prediction of LNM intraoperatively may allow minimization of the extent of lymphadenectomy. However, a consistent method and diagnostic ability, allowing application of NIR-guided lymphatic flow mapping to esophageal cancer (EC), have not been established due to the multidirectional plex characteristics of lymphatic flow in the esophagus. Herein, we present a novel NIR-guided surgical technique for predicting lymph node stations potentially containing LNM in EC with high diagnostic accuracy derived from appropriately adjusting the ICG injection setting. |
35951245 | Chronic Chagas Disease-the Potential Role of Reinfections in Cardiomyopathy Pathogenesis. | Chagas disease is a neglected anthropozoonosis of global importance with significant cardiovascular-associated mortality. This review focuses on the Trypanosoma cruzi reinfections' role in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy pathogenesis. We discuss and summarize the available data related to pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of reinfections. |
35951249 | Resonance assignments of the ORC2-WH domain of the human ORC protein. | ORC2 is a small subunit of the origin plex (ORC), which is important for gene replication. The ORC2 WH domain recognizes dsDNA sequences with its flexible β-sheet hairpins as anchors. Here, we report plete NMR backbone and side chain resonance assignments of the WH domain and study the backbone relaxation of the WH domain. These studies will contribute to further understanding of the structure-function relationship of the ORC protein. |
35951248 | Biotrophic Fungal Pathogens: a Critical Overview. | Biotrophic fungi are one group of heterogeneous organisms and these fungi differ in their traits like mode of nutrition, types of reproduction, and dispersal systems. Generally, based on the nutritional mode, fungi are classified into three broad categories, viz. biotrophs, necrotrophs, and hemi-biotrophs. Biotrophs derive their nutrients and energy from living plant cells and survive within the interstitial space of the cells. Biotrophic fungi cause serious crop diseases but are highly challenging to investigate and develop a treatment strategy. Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis, Uromyces fabae, Ustilago maydis, Cladosporium fulvum, Puccinia graminis, and Phytophthora infestans are some of the significant biotrophic fungi that affect mainly plants. One among the biotrophic fungus, Pneumocystis jirovecii (Taphrinomycotina subphylum of the ycota) exclusively a human pathogen, can cause lung diseases such as "pneumocystis." Biotrophic fungus widely parasitizing Solanaceae family crops (Tomato and potato) has done massive damage to the crops and has led to economic impact worldwide. During infection and for nutrient absorption, biotrophs develops external appendages such as appressoria or haustoria. The hyphae or appressorium adheres to the plant cell wall and collapses the layers for their nutrient absorption. The pathogen also secretes effector molecules to escape from the plant defense mechanism. Later, plants activate their primary and secondary defense mechanisms; however, the pathogen induces virulence genes to escape the host immune responses. Obligate biotrophic fungi pathogenicity has not been fully understood at the molecular level because of plex interaction, recognition, and signaling with the host. This review summarizes the mechanism of infection in the host, and immune response to emphasize the understanding of the biotrophic fungal biology and pathogenesis in crops. Thus, the detailed review will pave the way to design methods to e the resistance of biotrophic fungi and develop disease-free crops. |
35951250 | Characteristics of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor PM | Air pollution, including PM |