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35951251 | Shewanella shenzhenensis sp. nov., a novel Fe(III)-reducing bacterium with abundant possible cytochrome genes, isolated from mangrove sediment. | A facultative anaerobic bacterium, designated as A25 |
35951252 | Roles of HIF-1α/BNIP3 mediated mitophagy in mitochondrial dysfunction of letrozole-induced PCOS rats. | Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathological physiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mitochondrial quality control system is vital to maintaining mitochondrial function, includes mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics and mitophagy. While mitophagy as a specific autophagy, plays an important role in the mitochondrial quality control system and is mediated by some signaling pathways to eliminate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/B-cell lymphoma-2 adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). Our previous studies have found that excessive production of ROS and the decreased expression of HIF-1α in the ovaries of PCOS rats. Thus, we hypothesized that excessive ROS leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuates HIF-1α/BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in the ovaries of PCOS rats, and further reduces the mitophagic defense. Firstly, the oxidative stress status was detected and found excessive ROS damages ovarian tissue in PCOS rats. Secondly, the marker proteins of mitochondrial biosynthesis/dynamics and amount were examined and found that their expression levels were abnormal, which showed that the abnormal mitochondrial quality control system leads to accumulate the excess or damaged mitochondria in PCOS ovaries. Finally, we detected the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway and found HIF-1α-mediated mitophagy is impaired in the ovaries of PCOS rats. Together, these results clearly demonstrated excessive ROS causes mitochondrial dysfunction via the abnormal mitochondrial quality control system, and attenuates HIF-1α/BNIP3-mediated mitophagic defense in the granulosa cells of PCOS rats, which will provide a new direction for further understanding the role of HIF-1α in the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS ovaries. |
35951254 | Routine urethroscopic surveillance is of limited value after radical cystectomy: a single centre retrospective cohort analysis. | The incidence of urethral recurrence (UR) following radical cystectomy (RC) for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder varies between 1.5 and 6%. There is debate over the timing of urethrectomy for patients undergoing RC. We evaluated the requirement for a formal surveillance programme for UR in patients after RC. |
35951253 | Effects of Training on Use of Stimulant Diversion Prevention Strategies by Pediatric Primary Care Providers: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Trial. | Pediatric primary care is a promising setting for reducing diversion of stimulant medications for ADHD. We tested if training pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) increased use of diversion prevention strategies with adolescents with ADHD. The study was a cluster-randomized trial in 7 pediatric primary care practices. Participants were pediatric PCPs (N = 76) at participating practices. Practices were randomized to a 1-h training in stimulant diversion prevention or treatment-as-usual. At baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months, PCPs rated how often they used four categories of strategies: patient/family education, medication management/monitoring, assessment of mental health symptoms/functioning, and assessment of risky behaviors. pleted measures of attitudes, implementation climate, knowledge/skill, and resource constraints. Generalized Estimating Equations estimated differences in es by condition. Mediation analyses tested if changes in knowledge/skill mediated training effects on strategy use. PCPs in the intervention condition reported significantly greater use of patient/family education strategies at all follow-up time points. There were no differences between conditions in medication management, assessment of mental health symptoms/functioning, or assessment of risky behaviors. At 6 months, PCPs in the intervention condition reported more positive attitudes toward diversion prevention, stronger implementation climate, greater knowledge/skill, and less resource constraints. Differences in knowledge/skill persisted at 12 months and 18 months. Brief training in stimulant diversion had substantial and enduring effects on PCPs' self-reported knowledge/skill and use of patient/family education strategies to prevent diversion. Training had modest effects on attitudes, implementation climate, and resource constraints and did not change use of strategies related to medication management and assessment of mental health symptoms/functioning and risky behaviors. Changes in knowledge/skill accounted for 49% of the total effect of training on use of patient/family education strategies. Trial registration This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03080259). Posted March 15, 2017. |
35951255 | Post-COVID-19 outcomes of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease patients: a national, multicenter, controlled study. | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a higher mortality in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there has not been much research in the literature concerning the es of CKD patients in the post-COVID-19 period. We aimed to investigate the es of CKD patients not receiving renal replacement therapy. |
35951256 | Investigation on maintenance hemodialysis patients with mineral and bone disorder in Anhui province, China. | Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is orbidity in patients with CKD. The study aims to describe the control rates of serum-corrected calcium (Ca), phosphate (P) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and its risk factors among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients in Anhui Province of China. |
35951258 | Characteristics of home oxygen therapy for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in China: results of a multicenter cohort study. | Home oxygen therapy (HOT) is indicated upon discharge in some preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). There is a lack of evidence-based consensus on the indication for HOT among these infants. Because wide variation in the institutional use of HOT exists, little is known about the role of regional social-economic level in the wide variation of HOT. |
35951260 | Changes in regulators of lipid metabolism in the brain: a study of animal models of depression and hypothyroidism. | Metabolic disturbances in the brain are assumed to be early changes involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and these alterations may be intensified by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. In contrast to glucose metabolism, the link between altered brain lipids and the pathogenesis of depression is poorly understood, therefore in the present study, we determine transcription factors and enzymes regulating cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in the brain structures in an animal model of depression, hypothyroidism and the coexistence of these diseases.In used model of depression, a decrease in the active form of the transcription factor SREBP-2 in the hippocampus was demonstrated, thus suggesting a reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis. In turn, in the hypothyroidism model, the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis in the frontal cortex was demonstrated by both the reduction of mature SREBP-2 and the concentration of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The lower expression of LDL receptors in the frontal cortex indicates the restriction of cholesterol uptake into the cells in the model of coexistence of depression and hypothyroidism. Moreover, the identified changes in the levels of SNAP-25, GLP-1R and GLP-2R pointed to disturbances in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection mechanisms in the examined brain structures.In conclusion, a reduction in cholesterol synthesis in the hippocampus in the model of depression may be the reason for the reduction of synaptic plasticity, whereas a lower level of LDL-R occurring in the frontal cortex in rats from the model of depression and hypothyroidism coexistence could be the reason of anxiogenic and depression-like behaviors. |
35951259 | Prophylactic role of olive fruit extract against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats. | Cigarette smoke exposure increases the production of free radicals leading to initiation of several pathological conditions by triggering the oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade. Olive fruit owing to its unique position possesses antioxidant, immune modulatory, and anti-inflammatory potential. Considering positional alterations in olive fruits during ripening, the current experimental trail was designed to investigate the prophylactic role of green and black olives against the oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure in rats. Purposely, rats were divided into five different groups: NC (negative control; normal diet), PC [positive control; normal diet + smoke exposure (SE)], drug (normal diet + SE + citalopram), GO (normal diet + SE + green olive extract), and BO (normal diet + SE + black olive extract). Rats of all groups were exposed to cigarette smoke except "NC" and were sacrificed for collection of blood and organs after 28 days of experimental trial. The percent reduction in total oxidative stress by citalopram and green and black olive extracts in serum was 29.72, 58.69, and 57.97%, respectively, while the total antioxidant capacity increased by 30.78, 53.94, and 43.98%, accordingly parison to PC. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced by 29.63, 42.59, and 45.70% in drug, GO, and BO groups, respectively. Likewise, green and black olive extracts reduced the leakage of hepatic enzymes in sera, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 23.44 and 25.80% and 35.62 and 37.61%, alanine transaminase (ALT) by 42.68 and 24.39% and 51.04 and 35.41%, and aspartate transaminase (AST) by 31.51 and 16.07% and 40.50 and 27.09% from PC and drug group, respectively. Additionally, olive extracts also maintained the antioxidant pool, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in serum. Furthermore, histological examination revealed that olive extracts prevented the cigarette smoke-induced necrosis, pyknotic alterations, and congestion in the lung, hepatic, and renal parenchyma. Besides, gene expression analysis revealed that olive extracts and citalopram decreased the brain and lung damage caused by stress-induced upregulation of NRF-2 and MAPK signaling pathways. Hence, it can be concluded that olives (both green and black) can act as promising antioxidant in alleviating the cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress. |
35951261 | Leadless Pacing: Where We Currently Stand and What the Future Holds. | Leadless pacemakers (LPs) are emerging as alternative cardiac implantable devices for the treatment of bradyarrhythmia. This article aims to review the data behind the safety and efficacy of these devices while highlighting their pros and cons. |
35951262 | Antiferromagnetic-Ferromagnetic Heterostructure-Based Field-Free Terahertz Emitters. | Recently, ferromagnetic-heterostructure spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation THz sources, owing to their peculiarities of high efficiency, high stability, low cost, ultrabroad bandwidth, controllable polarization, and high scalability. Despite the substantial efforts, they rely on external magnetic fields to initiate the spin-to-charge conversion, which hitherto greatly limits their proliferation as practical devices. Here, a unique antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (IrMn |
35951264 | Sustainable Solvent-Free Diels-Alder Approaches in the Development of Constructive Heterocycles and Functionalized Materials: A Review. | The Diels-Alder reaction (DAR) is found in myriad applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry for drug development, as it is the method of choice for the expedient synthesis plex pounds and innovative materials including nanomaterials, graphene expanses, and polymeric nanofibers. Furthermore, the greatest focus of attention of DARs is on the consistent reaction procedure with stimulus yields by highly stereo- and regioselective mechanistic pathways. Therefore, the present review is intended to summarize conventional solvent-free (SF) DARs for the expedient synthesis of pounds and materials. In particular, this review deals with the DARs of mechanochemical grinding, catalysis (including stereoselective catalysts), thermal, and electromagnetic radiation (such as microwave [MW], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV] irradiation) in SF procedures. Therefore, prehensive review validates the application of DARs to pharmaceutical innovations and biorenewable materials through consistent synthetic approaches. |
35951263 | Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds Obtained from Monoterpenes or Their Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties. | Directed transformation of available pounds with native biological activity is a promising area of research in organic and medicinal chemistry aimed at finding effective drug substances. The number of scientific publications devoted to the transformation of pounds and investigations of their pharmacological properties, in particular, monoterpenes and their nearest derivatives, increases every year. At the same time, the chemistry of nitrogen-containing pounds has been actively developed since the 1950s after the news that the benzimidazole core is an integral part of the structure of vitamin B |
35951265 | Glycopolymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Biosensing Applications. | Glycopolymer materials have emerged as a significant biopolymer class that has piqued the munity's attention due to their potential applications. Recently, they have been found to be a unique synthetic biomaterial; glycopolymer materials have also been used for various applications, including direct therapeutic methods, medical adhesives, drug/gene delivery systems, and biosensor applications. Therefore, for the next stage of biomaterial research, it is essential to understand current breakthroughs in glycopolymer-based materials research. This review discusses the most widely utilized synthetic methodologies for glycopolymer-based materials, their properties based on structure-function interactions, and the significance of these materials in biosensing applications, among other topics. When creating glycopolymer materials, contemporary polymerization methods allow precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, chemical activity, and polymer architecture. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges plexities of glycopolymer-based biosensors, in addition to their potential applications in the future. |
35951267 | Metal-Free Catalysis in C-C Single-Bond Cleavage: Achievements and Prospects. | This review article emphasizes the C-C bond cleavage in organic synthesis via metal-free approach. Conventional organic synthesis mainly deals with the reactive π bonds and polar σ bonds. In contrast, the ubiquitous C-C single bonds are inherently stable and are less reactive, which poses a challenge to synthetic chemists. Although inert, such C-C single-bond cleavage reactions have gained attention amongst synthetic chemists, as they provide unique and more straightforward routes, with significantly fewer steps. Several review articles have been reported regarding the activation and cleavage of C-C bonds using different transition metals. However, given the high cost and toxicity of many of these metals, the development of strategies under metal-free conditions is of utmost importance. Though many research articles have been published in this area, no review article has been reported so far. Herein, we discuss the reactions in a more concise way from the year 2012 to today, with emphasis on important reactions. Mechanisms of all the reactions are also well addressed. We believe that this review will be beneficial for the readers who work in this field. |
35951270 | Evaluation of mood disorder questionnaire positivity and associated factors in a population-based screening study. | The Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) is a 3-item scale that is frequently used in bipolar disorders (BD) screening and questions the symptoms of BD, its effect on functionality, and the coexistence of symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of positive screening of the MDQ among general population and to investigate the associated risk factors.In this cross-sectional study, the sample was randomly selected from household data to represent the city population. A total of 432 participants were asked to fill in MDQ, CAGE (cutting down, annoyance by criticism, guilty feeling, and eye-openers) questionnaire, which consists of four clinical interview questions proven to aid in the diagnosis of alcoholism, and clinical and sociodemographic data form.The Cronbach's alpha value of our current study was 0.813 for MDQ. The prevalence of MDQ positivity was found 7.6%. The estimated prevalence rate of bipolar disorders varied between 0.3 and 13.4% according to different cut-off values. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the presence of possible alcohol addiction, shift work history, and body mass index (BMI) were statistically significant predictors of MDQ positivity.The prevalence of MDQ positivity found is similar to studies in literature. Keeping in mind that psychometric properties of the MDQ, positive screen results should be cautiously interpreted due to the presence of other risk factors orbidities. |
35951269 | High Performance Flip-Structure Enhancement-Mode HEMT with Face-to-Face Double Gates. | A novel double gates flip-structure enhancement-mode (E-mode) high electron mobility transistor with step field plate (DFF HEMT) is proposed. It features face-to-face double gates, including a top trench MIS gate with a step field plate and a bottom planar MIS gate, which is shorted together. In the on-state, the double gates not only can restore the 2DEG by the higher electric potential, but also can form the electron accumulation layers, and thus increase the saturation output current and reduce the on-resistance. The face-to-face double gates together deplete the 2DEG by using the work function difference to realize E-mode, instead of by etching the AlGaN layer under the gate for the conventional MIS gate E-mode HEMT. The double-gate structure not only avoids etch damage, but also maintains both high threshold voltage and low on-resistance. Meanwhile, the step gate field plate modulates E-field distribution to increase the BV. In order to easily fabricate, the trench gate with step field plate must be located on the top of device, forming the flip-structure. The flip-structure is also beneficial to decrease the leakage current in the substrate. The simulated V |
35951266 | Characterization Methodology and Activity Evaluation of Solar-Driven Catalysts for Environmental Remediation. | Solar-driven photocatalysis mediated by semiconductors has been rapidly developed as a green and sustainable technology for environmental remediation. Continuous efforts have been devoted to novel semiconducting photocatalysts to boost the efficiency of the photocatalytic system. However, controversy has widely existed in materials characterization and photocatalytic activity evaluation. This review overviews the recent advances in characterization methodology and photocatalytic activity evaluation of solar-driven catalysts (SDCs) for environmental remediation. After a general and brief introduction of different SDCs, positional, structural, and optical characterizations of SDCs are summarized. Moreover, the characterization methods and challenges in the doped and coupled SDCs are discussed. Finally, the challenges in the evaluation of current evaluation methods for the photocatalytic activity of SDCs are highlighted. |
35951268 | Antibacterial activity of Bacillus licheniformis B6 against viability and biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens of health importance. | We studied a strain of Bacillus isolated from an artisanal tannery in Salta, Argentina. It was identified as Bacillus licheniformis B6 by 16 S phylogenetic analysis and MALDI TOF (GenBank accession code No. KP776730). The synthesis of lipopeptides by B6 and their antibacterial activity against clinical pathogenic strains was analyzed both in the cell-free supernatant (CFS) and in the crude fraction of lipopeptides (LF). Overall, the CFS did not significantly reduce the viability of the studied strains (Staphylococcus aureus 269 and ATCC 43,300, Escherichia coli 4591 and 25,922, Klebsiella sp. 1087 and 1101). However, LF at 9 mg/mL reduced the viability of those pathogenic strains by 2 and 3 log pared to those of the control. When the effects of LF and ampicillin pared, they showed different sensitivity against pathogenic strains. For example, E. coli 4591 was the strain most resistant to ampicillin, requiring 250 mg/mL of antibiotic to achieve the same inhibitory effect as 9 mg/mL of B6 LF. SEM observations of the effect of LF on biofilm formation by E. coli 4591 and Klebsiella sp. 1087 clearly showed that biofilm structures were destabilized, these strains turning into weak biofilm formers. Signals in the CFS and LF corresponding to kurstakin and iturin were identified by MALDI TOF. Interestingly, surfactin was detected, rather than lichenysin, the expected lipopeptide in B. licheniformis species. Signals of bacitracin and fengycins were also found, the latter with a higher number of homologues and relative intensity in the LF than the other lipopeptides. These results show that the lipopeptides synthesized by B. licheniformis B6 have both potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against pathogenic bacteria of health importance. |
35951275 | Successful salvage of torsion testis by means of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. | Testicular torsion (TT) mon surgical emergency that requires early diagnosis and immediate intervention within 6 h since its onset to salvage the testis. However, the decision was made only by the surgeon's experience whether it has to be resected or not. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) has e an excellent tool to identify biliary and vascular anatomy, and assess perfusion abnormalities in tissues. In this case report, we successfully salvaged the twisted testis, since the testicular blood perfusion was confirmed by means of intraoperative ICG (IICG) fluorescence imaging. |
35951276 | The 'false hope' argument in discussions on expanded access to investigational drugs: a critical assessment. | When seriously ill patients reach the end of the standard treatment trajectory for their condition, they may qualify for the use of unapproved, investigational drugs regulated via expanded access programs. In medical-ethical discourse, it is often argued that expanded access to investigational drugs raises 'false hope' among patients and is therefore undesirable. We set out to investigate what is meant by the false hope argument in this discourse. In this paper, we identify and analyze five versions of the false hope argument which we call: (1) the limited chance at benefit argument, (2) the side effects outweighing benefits argument, (3) the opportunity costs argument, (4) the impossibility of making informed decisions argument, and (5) the difficulty of gaining access argument. We argue that the majority of these five versions do not provide normative ground for disqualifying patients' hopes as false. Only when hope is rooted in a mistaken belief, for example, about the likelihood of benefits or chances on medical risks, or when hope is directed at something that cannot possibly be obtained, should it be considered false. If patients are adequately informed about their odds of obtaining medical benefit, however small, and about the risks associated with an investigational treatment, it is unjustified to consider patients' hopes to be false, and hence, to deny them access to investigational drug based on that argument. |
35951277 | Chronic pain as a blind spot in the diagnosis of a depressed society. On the implications of the connection between depression and chronic pain for interpretations of contemporary society. | One popular description of current society is that it is a depressed society and medical evidence about depression's prevalence may well make such an estimation plausible. However, such normative-critical assessments surrounding depression have to date usually operated with a one-sided understanding of depression. This understanding widely neglects the various ways depression manifests as well as orbidities. This es evident at the latest when considering one of depression's most prominent and orbidities: chronic pain. Against this background, we aim in this article to substantiate our leading claim that the phenomenal interconnection between depression and chronic pain must be acknowledged in the global diagnosis of a depressive society. Thus, we argue here for plementation of the dominant interpretation of a depressed society. This would support the ing of oversimplified images and estimations about depression in current society and further, help to recognize chronic pain properly on the larger scale of assessments that address society as a whole. |
35951278 | The estimated disease burden of acute COVID-19 in the Netherlands in 2020, in disability-adjusted life-years. | The impact of COVID-19 on population health is recognised as being substantial, yet few studies have attempted to quantify to what extent infection causes mild or moderate symptoms only, requires hospital and/or ICU admission, results in prolonged and chronic illness, or leads to premature death. We aimed to quantify the total disease burden of acute COVID-19 in the Netherlands in 2020 using the disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) measure, and to investigate how burden varies between age-groups and occupations. Using standard methods and diverse data sources (mandatory notifications, population-level seroprevalence, hospital and ICU admissions, registered COVID-19 deaths, and the literature), we estimated years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability, DALY and DALY per 100,000 population due to COVID-19, excluding post-acute sequelae, stratified by 5-year age-group and occupation category. The total disease burden due to acute COVID-19 was 286,100 (95% CI: 281,700-290,500) DALY, and the per-capita burden was 1640 (95% CI: 1620-1670) DALY/100,000, of which 99.4% consisted of YLL. The per-capita burden increased steeply with age, starting from 60 to 64 years, with relatively little burden estimated for persons under 50 years old. SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated premature mortality was responsible for a considerable direct health burden in the Netherlands, despite extensive public health measures. DALY were much higher than for other high-burden infectious diseases, but lower than estimated for coronary heart disease. These findings are valuable for informing public health decision-makers regarding the expected COVID-19 health burden among population subgroups, and the possible gains from targeted preventative interventions. |
35951279 | Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: a single institution retrospective analysis and a review of the literature. | Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare low-grade brain tumor. To date, limited studies have analyzed factors affecting survival es and defined the therapeutic strategy. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of PXA and identify factors associated with es. |
35951280 | Implementation of robotic hernia surgery using the Versius® system. | This case series aims to demonstrate that hernia surgery is safe and feasible using the Versius® robotic system from CMR Surgical, and to describe the surgical techniques used. It is the first series published using this novel system. Forty-one consecutive hernia repair cases pleted using Versius®, including inguinal and ventral hernias. Data were collected prospectively on a number of pre-, peri-, and postoperative es. Techniques are described for robotic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia, and intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair of ventral hernia. Thirty-two inguinal and nine ventral hernia repairs were performed over a 12-month period. The population were 88% male with a mean body mass index of 27.4 ± 3.5. There were no conversions to open surgery. Median length of stay was 0 days. Six patients (15%) experienced urinary retention, and there were 2 further plications with no plications, readmissions or reoperations. Use of the Versius® system for robotic hernia surgery is safe, parable results to existing robotic systems. Implementation is possible with minimal changes to established surgical techniques. |
35951281 | A new Cardiodectes Wilson, 1917 (Hexanauplia: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on a scarid teleost (Perciformes: Scaridae) from Roatan Island, Central America. | Members of the parasitic copepod family Pennellidae are highly transformed ecto- or mesoparasites infecting a wide array of marine teleosts. Currently, this family contains more than 20 valid genera. The pennellid genus Cardiodectes Wilson, 1917 is currently known to contain 15 nominal species. Some pennellids exhibit plex life cycle involving an intermediate host; it is known that planktonic pteropod molluscs are intermediate hosts for Cardiodectes. Pennellid mesoparasites can be detected by the conspicuous female egg-carrying trunk on the host external surface. The copepod cephalothorax is deeply embedded in the host muscle tissue. Members of Cardiodectes have been reported from several teleost families, mainly Myctophidae and Engraulidae. From the parasitological examination of a juvenile individual of a scarid teleost collected in a reef lagoon of Roatan Island, Honduras, Central America, several ovigerous female individuals of a mesoparasitic pennellid copepod were found; these specimens were recognized as representative of an undescribed species of Cardiodectes Wilson, 1917. The new species, C. roatanensis n. sp., differs from its known congeners in several respects, including the presence of neck lobes, paired posterior protuberances of the trunk, trunk shape and proportions, structure of cephalothorax lobes, cephalothorax relative size, and number of legs. The new species from Roatan is the second member of this copepod genus to be reported from the Caribbean region, after C. boxshalli Bellwood, 1981 from off Jamaica (Bellwood 1981). It is also the second report of Cardiodectes on a parrotfish. |
35951283 | Inhibition of NLRP1-Dependent Pyroptosis Prevents Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Overactivation-Induced Hyperphosphorylated Tau in Rats. | Our previous study indicated that inhibition of NLRP1-dependent pyroptosis could decrease intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a protein kinase A (PKA) agonist- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperphosphorylated tau. In this study, we used a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) overactivation rat model to reconfirm our previous results. ICV injection of wortmannin (WT, a PI3K inhibitor) and GF-109203X (GFX, a PKC inhibitor) was used to induce overactivation of GSK-3β in rats. We injected NLRP1 siRNA together with WT/GFX to evaluate the effect of the inhibition of NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis on hyperphosphorylated tau. Our results indicated that ICV injection of NLRP1 siRNA prevented ICV-WT/GFX-induced neuronal death, further improving the spatial memory of the rats in the Morris water maze test. ICV injection of NLRP1 siRNA downregulated the expression of ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in rat brains. ICV injection of NLRP1 siRNA also decreased hyperphosphorylated tau and the activity of GSK-3β. Thus, these results support our previous study that NLRP1-dependent pyroptosis could enhance hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. |
35951284 | Comparison of preoperative penile elastographic ultrasound findings and pathological tissue results of patients implemented with penile prosthesis. | Histopathological analysis of the relationship between penile elastography and erectile dysfunction. |
35951282 | Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunoregulation in cancer. | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as immunomodulatory regulators during tumor progression. These small vesicles encapsulate a variety of molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. When e in contact with recipient cells, the EVs transmit various physiological characteristics; for example, proteins on the surface of EVs act as ligands. Immune checkpoint blockade targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown promise in a subset of cancer patients. PD-L1 on EVs acts as a key immunomodulator. Suppression of EV secretion enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade antibodies. In addition to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has also been used to successfully eliminate cancer cells. Interestingly, CAR-T-cell-derived EVs express CAR on their surface. Compared with CAR-T cells, CAR-expressing EVs do not express PD1, so their antitumor effect cannot be weakened. In this review, we describe the current understanding of EVs in cancer immunity and summarize their crucial roles in immunomodulation. |
35951287 | Therapeutic exosomes loaded with SERPINA5 attenuated endometrial cancer cell migration via the integrin β1/FAK signaling pathway. | Metastasis is still the major cause of endometrial cancer (EC)-related death. Because of their biological function and regenerative properties, exosomes have been applied to therapeutic regimens. SERPINA5 expression is downregulated in several tumors and linked to tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the expression and biological functions of SERPINA5 in EC remain unclear. |
35951289 | Study of Amyloid Fibers Using Atomic Force Microscopy. | Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides high-resolution images of the topography of amyloid fibers adsorbed on surfaces. This information is very useful to study their molecular assembly under various conditions. This chapter describes the basic protocols required to deposit fibers on flat surfaces and discusses some of the practical issues required to operate a mercial microscope setup to obtain appropriate high-resolution AFM topographic images of amyloid fibers. |
35951286 | Artificial intelligence for the detection of pancreatic lesions. | Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal neoplasms mon cancers worldwide, and PCLs are well-known precursors of this type of cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help to improve and speed up the detection and classification of pancreatic lesions. The aim of this review is to summarize the articles addressing the diagnostic yield of artificial intelligence applied to medical imaging (computed tomography [CT] and/or magnetic resonance [MR]) for the detection of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cystic lesions. |
35951285 | Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin and its Derivatives in Epilepsy: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. | Quercetin is a polyphenolic pound highly enriched in dietary fruits, vegetables, nuts, and berries. Quercetin and its derivatives like rutin and hyperoside are known for their beneficial effects in various neurological conditions including epilepsy. The clinical studies of quercetin and its derivatives in relation to epilepsy are limited. This review provides the evidence of most recent knowledge of anticonvulsant properties of quercetin and its derivatives on preclinical studies. Additionally, the studies demonstrating antiseizure potential of various plants extracts enriched with quercetin and its derivatives has been included in this review. Herein, we have also discussed neuroprotective effect of these pound and presented underlying mechanisms responsible for anticonvulsant properties in brief. Finally, limitations of quercetin and its derivatives as pounds as well as possible strategies to enhance efficacy have also been discussed. |
35951290 | Cryo-electron Microscopy to Analyze the Structure of Bacterial Amyloids In Vitro. | Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of proteins or peptides. In humans, they are associated with various pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's to systemic diseases like type 2 diabetes. In bacteria, amyloids can exert functional roles such as biofilm formation or gene regulation. Up to now, the aggregation mechanism leading to amyloid fibril formation is poorly understood as proteins with different amino acid sequences can fold into similar 3D structures. Understanding the formation of amyloid fibrils constitutes a central challenge for fighting major human health issues such as neurodegenerative diseases and biofilm formation in ports (implantable chambers). Since the dogma linking protein sequence, 3D structure, and function is increasingly disrupted by the growing understanding of the importance of disordered domains in proteins, it is crucial to possess a method capable of building accurate atomic models of amyloids. Aided by the leap forward of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), which can now routinely achieve sub-nanometric resolutions, it has e the method of choice for studying amyloids. In this chapter, we use the Hfq protein from Escherichia coli as an example to present general protocols in cryo-EM to unveil the structure of bacterial amyloids and improve our knowledge of their aggregation mechanism. |
35951291 | Monitoring Molecular Assembly of Biofilms Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D). | The structure and the functionality of biofilm proteins, the ponents of the extracellular matrix, can be tuned by protein engineering. The use of binding kinetics data has been demonstrated in the characterization of binantly produced biofilm proteins to control their behavior on certain surfaces or under certain conditions. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) allows measuring the change in resonance frequency and the energy loss and distribution upon the interaction of molecules with the surface. The characterization of the molecular assembly of curli biofilm proteins on different surfaces using QCM-D is presented here as a detailed protocol. The experimental procedure detailed in this chapter can be applied and modified for other biofilm proteins or subunits to determine their surface adsorption and kinetic binding characteristics. |
35951292 | Measuring the Size and Spontaneous Fluctuations of Amyloid Aggregates with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. | Bacterial amyloids decorate the cell surface of many bacteria by forming functional amyloid fibers. These amyloids have structural and biochemical similarities with many disease-related amyloids in eukaryotes. Amyloid aggregation starts at the individual monomer level, and the end product is the amyloid fibril. The process of amyloid aggregation involves a continuous increase of the aggregate size, and therefore size is a critical parameter to measure in aggregation experiments. Also, our understanding of the aggregation process, and our ability to design interventions, can benefit from a measurement of the conformational dynamics of proteins undergoing aggregation. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is perhaps the most sensitive and rapid technique available currently for this purpose. It can measure the average size and the size distribution of molecules and aggregates down to sub-nm length scales and can also measure fast nanosecond time-scale conformational dynamics, all in an equilibrium solution. FCS achieves this by measuring the fluorescence intensity fluctuations of freely diffusing protein molecules in an optically defined microscopic probe volume in a solution. Here, we present a set of instructions for effectively measuring the size and dynamics of amyloid aggregates with FCS. |
35951288 | Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review. | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is mon childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Moreover, ADHD monly associated with orbid diseases (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, etc.). The ADHD symptomatology interferes with subject function and development. The treatment of ADHD requires a multidisciplinary approach based on bination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments with the aim of ameliorating the symptomatology; among first-line pharmacological treatments are stimulants [such as methylphenidate (MPH) and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX)]. In this review we explored recent ADHD- and stimulants-related literature, with the aim piling available descriptions of molecular pathways altered in ADHD, and molecular mechanisms of current first-line stimulants MPH and LDX. While conducting the narrative review, we applied structured search strategies covering PubMed/MEDLINE database and performed handsearching of reference lists on the results of those searches. The aetiology and pathophysiology of ADHD are pletely understood; both genetic and environmental factors have been associated with the disorder and its grade of burden, and also the relationship between the molecular mechanisms of pharmacological treatments and their clinical implications. The lack prehensive understanding of the underlying molecular pathology makes both the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Few published studies evaluating molecular data on the mechanism of action (MoA) of MPH and LDX on ADHD are available and most of them are based on animal models. Further studies are necessary to improve the knowledge of ADHD pathophysiology and how the MoAs of MPH and LDX differentially modulate ADHD pathophysiology and control ADHD symptomatology. |
35951293 | Determining the Stoichiometry of Amyloid Oligomers by Single-Molecule Photobleaching. | Small oligomers are the initial intermediates in the pathway to amyloid fibril formation. They have a distinct identity from the monomers as well as from the protofibrils and the fibrils, both in their structure and in their properties. In many cases, they play a crucial biological role. However, due to their transient nature, they are difficult to characterize. "Oligomer" is a diffuse definition, passing aggregates of many different sizes, and this lack of precise definition causes much confusion and disagreement between different research groups. Here, we define the small oligomers as "n"-mers with n < 10, which is the size range in which the amyloid proteins typically exist at the initial phase of the aggregation process. Since the oligomers dynamically interconvert into each other, a solution of aggregating amyloid proteins will contain a distribution of sizes. A precise characterization of an oligomeric solution will, therefore, require quantification of the relative population of each size. Size-based separation methods, such as size-exclusion chromatography, are typically used to characterize this distribution. However, if the interconversion between oligomers of different sizes is fast, this would not yield reliable results. Single-molecule photobleaching (smPB) is a direct method to evaluate this size distribution in a heterogeneous solution without separation. In addition, understanding the mechanism of action of amyloid oligomers requires knowing the affinity of each oligomer type to different ponents, such as the cell membrane. These measurements are also amenable to smPB. Here we show how to perform smPB, both for oligomers in solution and for oligomers attached to the membrane. |
35951294 | Structural Information on Bacterial Amyloid and Amyloid-DNA Complex Obtained by Small-Angle Neutron or X-Ray Scattering. | Small-angle scattering is a powerful technique to obtain structural information on biomacromolecules in aqueous solution at the sub-nanometer and nanometer length scales. It provides the sizes and overall shapes of the scattering particles. While small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has often been used for structural analysis of a ponent system, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to reveal the internal organization of a ponent system such as protein-protein and plexes. This is due to the fact that the neutron scattering length is largely different between hydrogen and deuterium, and thus it allows to make a ponent plexes "invisible" to neutrons by changing the H |
35951296 | Supported Lipid Bilayers (SLBs) to Study Amyloid-Lipid Membrane Interactions with Atomic Force Microscopy. | Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are model membrane systems that can be used to study the interaction between amyloid fibers and membranes with atomic force microscopy (AFM). This chapter describes the preparation of SLBs on mica that can then be used as a substrate for fiber absorption. AFM can then be used to study the topography of the lipid-protein surface to study the evolution of the fibers, as well as the modifications on the membrane induced by their presence. |
35951295 | Fiber Diffraction and Small-Angle Scattering for Structural Investigation of Bacterial Amyloids. | X-ray/neutron fiber diffraction and small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering are widely used to investigate the molecular structure of fibrous proteins, including amyloid fibrils. However, there is sometimes confusion between these two techniques despite the fact that sample conditions and the content of the information obtained are not the same. In this brief chapter, we present the differences in sample conditions between these two methods, and their effects on experimentally obtained diffraction or scattering patterns, emphasizing the degree of disorder in the samples. |
35951297 | Characterization of Bacterial Amyloids by Nano-infrared Spectroscopy. | Atomic force microscopy has been used for decades to study the topography of proteins during aggregation but with a lack of information on the secondary structure. On the contrary, infrared spectroscopy was able to study structural changes during the aggregation, but this analysis plicated due to the presence of different species in mixtures and the poor spatial (~μm) resolution of the FTIR microscopy. Recently, Professor Alexandre bined those techniques in the so-called AFM-IR. This method allows acquiring IR spectra at the nanometric scale and es a new standard method for the characterization of amyloid fibrils and, more generally, for the aggregation of proteins. |
35951298 | High-Throughput Screening of Heterologous Functional Amyloids Using Escherichia coli. | Escherichia coli remains one of the most widely used workhorse microorganisms for the expression of heterologous proteins. The large number of cloning vectors and mutant host strains available for E. coli yields an impressively wide array of folded globular proteins in the laboratory. However, applying modern functional screening approaches to interrogate insoluble protein aggregates such as amyloids requires the use of nonstandard expression pathways. In this chapter, we detail the use of the curli export pathway in E. coli to express a library of gene fragments and variants of a functional amyloid protein to screen sequence traits responsible for aggregation and the formation of nanoscale materials. |
35951299 | Evaluation of Amyloid Inhibitor Efficiency to Block Bacterial Survival. | Amyloid inhibitors, such as the green pound epigallocatechin gallate EGCG, apomorphine or curlicide, have antibacterial properties. Conversely, antibiotics such as tetracycline derivatives or rifampicin also affect eukaryotic amyloids formation and may be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This opens the possibility for existing drugs to be repurposed in view of new therapy, targeting amyloid-like proteins from eukaryotes to prokaryotes and conversely. Here we present how to evaluate the effect of these amyloid-forming inhibitors on bacterial amyloid self-assemblies in vitro and on bacterial survival. The different approaches possible are presented. |
35951300 | Anti-Amyloid Drug Screening Methods Using Bacterial Inclusion Bodies. | Amyloid aggregation is linked to a number of human disorders that range from non-neurological illnesses such as type 2 diabetes to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The formation of insoluble protein aggregates with amyloid conformation inside bacteria, namely, in bacterial inclusion bodies, offers the possibility to use bacteria as simple models to study amyloid aggregation processes and potential effects of both anti-amyloid drugs and/or pounds. This chapter describes fast, simple, inexpensive, highly reproducible, and tunable in vitro and in cellulo methods that use bacterial inclusion bodies as preliminary screening tools for anti-amyloid drugs. |
35951301 | Determination of Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Bacterial Amyloids on Antibiotic Resistance. | Bacterial functional amyloids, apart from their many other functions, can influence the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and other antibacterial agents. Mechanisms of modulation of susceptibility of bacterial cells to antimicrobials can be either indirect or direct. The former mechanisms are exemplified by the contribution of functional amyloids to biofilm formation, which may effectively prevent the penetration of pounds into bacterial cells. The direct mechanisms include the effects of bacterial proteins revealing amyloid-like structures, like the C-terminal region of the Escherichia coli Hfq protein, on the expression of genes involved in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, in this paper, we describe methods by which effects and mechanisms of action of bacterial amyloids on antibiotic resistance can be studied. Assessment of formation of biofilms, determination of the efficiency of antibiotic resistance in solid and liquid media, and determination of the effects on gene expression at levels of mRNA abundance and stability and protein abundance are described. |
35951302 | Design and Testing of Synthetic Catalytic Amyloids Based on the Active Site of Enzymes. | The amyloid fold is nowadays recognized as an alternative conformation accessible to different proteins and peptides. The highly stable and ordered structural organization of amyloid fibrils can be exploited for the design of novel nanomaterials with emergent properties. Recent works have demonstrated that the functional features of the active site of enzymes can be partially recreated using this fold as a scaffold to develop catalytically active amyloids. We describe in this chapter a protocol to design functionally active amyloids that emerge from the self-assembly in vitro of synthetic peptides with sequences based on the active site of enzymes. Using this protocol, we show the development of amyloids that catalyze the metal-dependent hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bonds of nucleoside triphosphates. |
35951303 | Analysis of Bacterial Amyloid Interaction with Lipidic Membrane by Orientated Circular Dichroism and Infrared Spectroscopies. | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), and orientated circular dichroism (OCD) plementary spectroscopies widely used for the analysis of protein samples such as the monly renowned as neurodegenerative agents. Determining the secondary structure content of proteins, such as aggregated β-sheets inside the amyloids and in various environments, including membranes and lipids, has made these techniques very valuable plemental to high-resolution techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, and cryo-electron microscopy. FTIR and CD are extremely sensitive to structural changes of proteins due to environmental changes. Furthermore, FTIR provides information on lipid modifications upon protein binding, whereas synchrotron radiation CD (SRCD) and OCD are sensitive to the subtle structural changes occurring in β-sheet-rich proteins and their orientation or alignment with lipid bilayers. FTIR and CD techniques allow the identification of parallel and antiparallel β-sheet content and are plementary. In this chapter, we present FTIR and CD/OCD applications to study the interactions of bacterial amyloids with membranes and lipids. Moreover, we show how to decipher the spectroscopic signals to obtain information on the molecular structure of amyloids and their interaction with lipids, addressing potential amyloid insertion into membranes and the lipid bilayer adjustments observed. |
35951304 | Direct, Rapid, and Simple Evaluation of the Expression and Conformation of Beta-Amyloid in Bacterial Cells by FTIR Spectroscopy. | The expression and conformation of bacterial proteins and peptides can be monitored in situ by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), provided that the concentration of the protein of interest is sufficient. Here, we describe a simple protocol to analyze the conformation adopted by a specific amyloid protein in Escherichia coli cells, the pleiotropic regulator Hfq.E. coli cells expressing Hfq under an inducible promoter are analyzed. The change in protein conformation is analyzed paring the different populations versus controls (i.e., Δhfq cells, totally devoid of the Hfq protein) by difference spectroscopy, second derivation, curve-fitting, and ponent analysis. All the analyses were performed in the free, open-source software Quasar. We describe the detailed protocol for analyzing the data in Quasar. We show that the specific absorption of the β-amyloid conformation can be easily detected in the WT-Hfq, with bands at 1624 cm |
35951305 | Assessment of Intracellular Amyloid Formation in Fixed and Live Bacteria Using Fluorescence Microscopy. | Although amyloid aggregation has been generally associated with protein misfolding and neurodegenerative diseases in mammals, bacteria and other organisms have harnessed amyloidogenesis to perform diverse biological processes. These functional amyloids, some of them secreted and others intracellular, require that the producing cells keep aggregation under control in the cytoplasm upon protein translation, preventing their inherent toxicity. Thus, it is highly relevant to understand how intracellular amyloid formation occurs and is regulated, its metabolic consequences, and the formation dynamics and fate of the amyloid inclusions upon cell division. This chapter describes methods leveraging fluorescence microscopy and fixed- or live-cell imaging to monitor intracellular amyloid formation in bacterial cells. |
35951306 | Identification of Aggregation-Prone and Gatekeeper Residues in Bacterial Amyloids Using Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Flow Cytometry. | Bacterial functional amyloids are remarkable examples of how amyloid aggregation can be kept under control and even leveraged to perform diverse biological processes. In this context, it is highly relevant to understand how amyloidogenesis is modulated by relevant factors, including key amino acids promoting or preventing aggregation. This chapter describes a methodology to identify critical residues for amyloid formation in bacterial proteins, based on mutant construction guided by bioinformatics prediction, their expression in bacteria, and their analysis by flow cytometry. Additionally, we describe a simple downstream analysis of selected mutants to assess their in vitro aggregation properties upon protein purification. We applied the proposed methodology to identify critical residues modulating the aggregation of the antimicrobial peptide microcin E492, a well-studied model of bacterial amyloids. |
35951307 | Probing DNA-Amyloid Interaction and Gel Formation by Active Magnetic Wire Microrheology. | Recent studies have shown that bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) can bind to DNA and result in altered structural organization and bridging interactions. Under spontaneous self-assembly, NAPs may also form anisotropic amyloid fibers, whose effects are still more significant on DNA dynamics. To test this hypothesis, microrheology experiments on dispersions of DNA associated with the amyloid terminal domain (CTR) of the bacterial protein Hfq were performed using magnetic rotational spectroscopy (MRS). In this chapter, we survey this microrheology technique based on the remote actuation of magnetic wires embedded in a sample. MRS is interesting as it is easy to implement and does not plex procedures regarding data treatment. Pertaining to the interaction between DNA and amyloid fibers, it is found that DNA and Hfq-CTR protein dispersions behave like a gel, an e that suggests the formation of a network of amyloid fibers cross-linked with the DNA strands. In contrast, the pristine DNA and Hfq-CTR dispersions behave as purely viscous liquids. To broaden the scope of the MRS technique, we include theoretical predictions for the rotation of magnetic wires regarding the generic behaviors of basic rheological models from continuum mechanics, and we list plex fluids studied by this technique over the past 10 years. |
35951308 | Probing Amyloid-DNA Interaction with Nanofluidics. | Nanofluidics is an emerging methodology to investigate single biomacromolecules without functionalization and/or attachment of the molecules to a substrate. In conjunction with fluorescence microscopy, it can be used to investigate structural and dynamical aspects of amyloid-DNA interaction. Here, we summarize the methodology for fabricating lab-on-chip devices in relatively cheap polymer resins and featuring quasi one-dimensional nanochannels with a cross-sectional diameter of tens to a few hundred nanometers. Site-specific staining of amyloid-forming protein Hfq with a fluorescence dye is also described. The methodology is illustrated with two application studies. The first study involves assembling bacterial amyloid proteins such as Hfq on double-stranded DNA and monitoring the folding paction of DNA in a condensed state. The second study is about the concerted motion of Hfq on DNA and how this is related to DNA's internal motion. Explicit details of procedures and workflows are given throughout. |
35951309 | Evaluation of the Role of Bacterial Amyloid on Nucleoid Structure Using Cryo-Soft X-Ray Tomography. | Bacterial chromosomal DNA is packed within a non-membranous structure, the nucleoid, thanks to nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs). The role of bacterial amyloid has recently emerged among these NAPs, particularly with the nucleoid-associated protein Hfq that plays a direct role in paction. In this chapter, we present a 3D imaging technique, cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) to obtain a detailed 3D visualization of subcellular bacterial structures, especially the nucleoid. Cryo-SXT imaging of native unlabeled cells enables observation of the nucleoid in 3D with a high resolution, allowing to evidence in vivo the role of amyloids on paction. The precise experimental methods to obtain 3D tomograms will be presented. |
35951310 | Negative affectivity and emotions in youths with temporomandibular disorders across cultures. | The relationships between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and negative affectivity/emotions across cultures and the emotional predictors for TMDs in Southeast Asian youths were investigated. |
35951311 | Spectrum of neuro-developmental disorders in children with congenital hyperinsulinism due to activating mutations in GLUD1. | Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is the second mon type of congenital hyperinsulinism caused by an activating GLUD1 mutation. |
35951313 | Supporting Lactation in Otolaryngology Patients Through Medication Optimization, Radiology Considerations, and More: A Literature Review. | The benefits of breastfeeding are well established, with the American Academy of Pediatrics and Canadian guidelines mending exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. However, maternal hospitalization, illness, medication use, and poor support can result in early termination of breastfeeding. Caring for breastfeeding patients in otolaryngology is a challenge because of the lack of literature regarding otolaryngology-specific medication safety, patient concerns, and inadequate education among otolaryngologists. This review highlights recent literature regarding lactation in otolaryngology patients, including medication, radiologic imaging, perioperative considerations, and subspecialty-specific considerations for lactating patients. |
35951312 | NETest: serial liquid biopsies in gastroenteropancreatic NET surveillance. | Up to now, serial NETest measurements in individuals assessing the disease course of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) at long-term follow-up and treatment response were not studied. |
35951316 | Family Typology and 6-Year All-Cause Mortality Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults. | Previous research focused on the individual risk factors of mortality, while little is known about how family environment could influence mortality in later life. This study aims to examine mortality risks in different family types and what family type may increase mortality risk for older adults with orbidities or functional impairment. |
35951318 | Improved Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Profile After Soft-Tissue Sleep Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a rise in serum inflammatory markers, which may be attenuated by sleep surgery. |
35951319 | COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Among US Adults With Vision or Hearing Disabilities. | Despite persistent care delivery inequities, limited studies have assessed COVID-19 vaccination rates among adults with vision or hearing disabilities. |
35951320 | Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. | Taxane-based chemotherapy agents, such as docetaxel and paclitaxel, are used for treating a wide range of cancers. Although much has been published on adverse events related to taxanes, data on ocular es with these very important drugs are scant. |
35951321 | Severe Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy, Congenital Hearing Loss, and Developmental Delay in a Child With Biallelic Variants in FZD4. | Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a nonsyndromic autosomal dominant retinal monly caused by variants in the FZD4 gene. This study investigates the potential role beyond ocular abnormalities for FZD4 gene variants in patients with FEVR. |
35951324 | Geographic Accessibility and Availability of Radiotherapy in Ghana. | Radiotherapy is critical prehensive cancer care, but there are large gaps in access. Within Ghana, data on radiotherapy availability and on the relationship between distance and access are unknown. |
35951325 | Association of Low Emotional and Tangible Support With Risk of Dementia Among Adults 60 Years and Older in South Korea. | The association between social support and dementia risk has been debated. Most previous prospective studies have not differentiated the subtypes of social support. |
35951327 | Analysis of Epinephrine Dose, Targeted Temperature Management, and Neurologic and Survival Outcomes Among Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. | Epinephrine improves return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). These beneficial cardiac effects do not directly translate to better neurologic es, possibly because of epinephrine-induced microvascular effects that produce critical brain ischemia. |
35951322 | Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolomics and the Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma. | The etiology of exfoliation a (XFG) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify a prediagnostic plasma metabolomic signature associated with XFG. |
35951326 | Nonnormative Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorders and Their Associations With Weight Loss and Quality of Life During 6 Years Following Obesity Surgery. | Individuals with severe obesity presenting for obesity surgery (OS) frequently show nonnormative eating behaviors (NEBs) and eating disorders (EDs), but the long-term course and prospective associations with weight loss and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) remain unclear. |
35951330 | Tannic acid-crosslinked | Bacterial infection and massive blood loss are major challenges for global public health. Herein, a series of tannic acid encapsulated |
35951334 | Understanding Patient Expectations Before Implantation Using the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life-Expectations Instrument. | Previous research suggests that clinicians view realistic patient expectations as the most important nonaudiological factor in the decision to proceed with a cochlear implant (CI). However, clinicians have few data to determine whether patients' e expectations are realistic. |
35951339 | Residential Homes with Extremely High Indoor Radon Concentrations in Southern Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. | A housing development of 87 new homes on approximately 300 acres of former farm land was found to have 19 homes with basement radon-222 ( 222 Rn) concentrations greater than 37,000 Bq m -3 , with the highest recorded result to date being 648,000 +/- 1,031 Bq m -3 , based upon the diffusion barrier charcoal canister result. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Action Level for 222 Rn is 148 Bq m -3 . This single-family housing development is in the southeast corner of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, about 58 km northwest of Philadelphia, in a geologic unit known as the Epler Formation. Radon testing in homes in this development began in the fall of 2014 and is plete. Initial testing consisted of charcoal canisters mailed to homeowners. Subsequent testing in newly built homes consisted of testing prior to occupancy. This testing was quite extensive, with continuous radon monitors, passive radon monitors, and grab sampling for radon gas and progeny in the basement and on the first floor of each home as well as gamma surveys in the basement, on the first and second floors, and outside of each home. All but one of the new houses in this development had passive radon resistant features installed during the construction phase. In all cases, fans were added to the passive systems to make them active systems, which were needed to control these extremely high radon levels. Additional radon mitigation work such as adding additional suction points was also needed in several homes to reduce levels to below EPA guidelines. The unique geology and high 226 Ra soil concentrations in this specific area are the causes of these extremely high radon levels. Radon measurement data both inside these homes and in the outdoor ambient air, as well as 238 U and 222 Ra rock and soil concentrations, are presented. |
35951340 | Side Effects and Complications Associated with Treating Plutonium Intakes: A Retrospective Review of the Medical Records of LANL Employees Treated for Plutonium Intakes, with Supplementary Interviews. | Anecdotal evidence indicates there may be unpublished physical and psychological events associated with the medical treatment of plutonium intakes. A thorough review was conducted of the medical and bioassay records of current and previous Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) employees who had experienced plutonium intakes via wound or inhalation. After finding relatively plete information in the medical records, the research team interviewed current LANL employees who had undergone chelation therapy and/or surgical excision. Although the dataset is not large enough to reach statistically significant conclusions, it was observed that adverse events associated with treatment appear to be more frequent and more severe than previously reported. |
35951338 | Antibody Response in Immunocompromised Patients With Hematologic Cancers Who Received a 3-Dose mRNA-1273 Vaccination Schedule for COVID-19. | It has mon practice to offer promised patients with hematologic cancers a third COVID-19 vaccination dose, but data substantiating this are scarce. |
35951341 | Is Patient Geography a Risk Factor for Chronic Opioid Use After ACDF? | The social and medical implications intrinsic to patient zip codes with high opioid fatality may reveal residence in these locations to be a risk factor predicting chronic opioid use after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The purpose of this study is to determine if residence in Pennsylvania zip codes with high incidence of opioid overdose deaths is a risk factor for chronic postoperative opioid use after ACDF. Preoperative opioid usage did not vary meaningfully between high- and low-risk zip code groups. Patients in high-risk opioid overdose zip codes were significantly more likely to exhibit chronic postoperative opioid use. The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that opioid discontinuation was less probable at any postoperative time for patients residing in high opioid fatality zip codes. Logistic regression found opioid tolerance, smoking, and depression to predict extended opioid use. |
35951348 | Validation of Virtual Monochromatic Images and Effect of Body Size Obtained Using a Rapid kVp-switching Dual-energy Computed Tomography System: A Phantom Study. | The objective of this paper is to validate virtual puted tomography (CT) numbers and the effect of the body size of insert materials in phantoms on the findings of a dual-energy CT scanner. The material inserted in the phantom simulates human organs. This study investigated the effect of different body sizes on CT numbers to understand the accuracy of dual-energy CT. The effect of body size on virtual monochromatic CT numbers was investigated using a QRM phantom. The true monochromatic CT numbers of insert materials were calculated from coefficients obtained using NIST XCOM. The true Z eff values were supplied by phantom manufacturers puted using Mayneord's equation. The virtual monochromatic CT numbers of insert materials in both the phantoms varied with energy. The CT numbers of materials with a Z eff of >7.42 (water Z eff ) and <7.42 decreased and increased with energy, respectively. The CT numbers were affected by phantom size as a function of energy. For water, tissues, and air, the CT numbers in the XL phantom were considerably larger than those in other phantom sizes at 40 keV. Body size affected the CT numbers, particularly for the XL size and at low energies. For all materials, the magnitude of difference between the measured and true CT numbers was related to the Z eff of the materials, potentially because the photoelectric effect is more prominent at low energies for materials with a higher Z eff . The difference in CT numbers appeared to be dependent on position. The true and measured Z eff agreed to within 6% for all the materials except the SR2 brain, for which the discrepancy was 25%. |
35951347 | Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). | Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal disorders affecting the jaw. They are frequently associated with pain that can be difficult to manage and may e persistent (chronic). Psychological therapies aim to support people with TMDs to manage their pain, leading to reduced pain, disability and distress. |
35951349 | Aging in Nigeria: A Growing Population of Older Adults Requires the Implementation of National Aging Policies. | While the continent of Africa currently has the lowest share of adults aged 60 and older in its population among all world regions, the total number of older Africans is projected to triple between 2020 and 2050. Nigeria-Africa's leading economy and most populated country-has the highest number of older people in the continent and the 19th highest across the globe, with the population of Nigerians aged 65 and older projected to nearly triple by 2050. However, the increase in older Nigerians is occurring against the backdrop of extreme poverty, unsolved development problems, socioeconomic inequality, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and a decline in the traditional care and support of older adults. Additionally, the absence of an operational national aging policy or safety net services and programs poses a unique challenge to older Nigerians and their families. In this article, we examined social statistics and the current literature to describe aging in the Nigerian context. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing effective governmental policy interventions for the adequate care and support of older Nigerians and the training of gerontological professionals. This article will describe the demography of aging in Nigeria, significant areas of research, key scholars and publicly available data sets, public policy issues, and emerging issues affecting the health and well-being of older Nigerians. |
35951351 | Considerations for Radiation Safety Professionals to Prepare and Respond to the Next Pandemic. | The Health Physics Society's stated mission is "excellence in the science and practice of radiation safety." Why, then, should we discuss disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics with radiation safety professionals? The answer is simple: all workers are impacted by infectious diseases-and, as safety professionals, we will inevitably be called upon to prepare for and respond to these events. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every facet of life, including home, school, work, and leisure. Moreover, virtually all radiation safety professionals have been impacted by the pandemic either personally, academically, or professionally. Even if radiation safety professionals were not involved directly with COVID-19 response, they were impacted by school closures, remote schooling and work, testing regimes, temperature screenings, vaccination programs, and so forth. However, many radiation safety professionals have been intimately involved in COVID-19 response through activities such as the deployment of personal protective equipment, directional airflow verification for isolation areas, disinfection and decontamination efforts, the design and layout of testing and vaccine centers, and in many other ways. Yet, it is likely that many radiation safety professionals have not received formal training in epidemiology, disease control, or other related topics, and thus may not be attuned to the key aspects to consider when the next pandemic emerges-and it will. |
35951352 | Clumps of mesenchymal stem cells/extracellular matrix complexes directly reconstruct the functional periodontal tissue in a rat periodontal defect model. | Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by tooth-supporting periodontal tissue destruction, including the cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. To regenerate the damaged periodontal tissue, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much scientific and medical attention. Recently, we generated clumps of MSCs/extracellular matrix plexes (C-MSCs), which consist of cells and self-produced ECM. C-MSCs can be transplanted into lesion areas without artificial scaffold to induce tissue regeneration. To develop reliable scaffold-free periodontal tissue regenerative cell therapy by C-MSCs, this study investigated the periodontal tissue regenerative capacity of C-MSCs and the behavior of the transplanted cells. Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated from rat femur. Confluent cells were scratched using a micropipette tip and then torn off. The sheet was rolled to make a three-dimensional round clump of cells, C-MSCs. Then, ten C-MSCs were grafted into a rat periodontal fenestration defect model. To trace the grafted cells in the defect, PKH26-labeled cells were also employed. Micro-CT and histological analyses demonstrated that transplantation of C-MSCs induced successful periodontal tissue regeneration in the rat periodontal defect model. Interestingly, the majority of the cells in the reconstructed tissue, including cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone, were PKH26 positive donor cells, suggesting the direct tissue formation by MSCs. This study demonstrates a promising scaffold-free MSCs transplantation strategy for periodontal disease using C-MSCs and offers the significance of multipotency of MSCs to induce successful periodontal tissue regeneration. |
35951354 | Adropin Carried by Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Nanocapsules Ameliorates Renal Lipid Toxicity in Diabetic Mice. | Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is mon plication mainly caused by lipid toxicity characterized by oxidative stress. Studies have shown that adropin (Ad) regulates energy metabolism and may be an effective target to improve DKD. This study investigated the effect of exogenous Ad encapsulated in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanocapsules (Ad@Gel) on DKD. HK2 cells were induced with high glucose (HG) and intervened with Ad@Gel. A diabetes mouse model was established using HG and high-fat bined with streptozotocin and treated with Ad@Gel to observe its effects on renal function, pathological damage, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Results showed that Ad@Gel could protect HK2 from HG stimulation |
35951353 | Synergism of BCL-2 family inhibitors facilitates selective elimination of senescent cells. | Accumulation of senescent cells in tissues with advancing age participates in the pathogenesis of several human age-associated diseases. Specific senescent secretome, the resistance of senescent cells to apoptotic stimuli, and lack of immune system response contribute to the accumulation of senescent cells and their adverse effects in tissues. Inhibition of antiapoptotic machinery, augmented in senescent cells, by BCL-2 protein family inhibitors represents a promising approach to eliminate senescent cells from tissues. This study aimed to explore synergistic and selective senolytic effects of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family pounds, particularly BH3 mimetics. Using human non-transformed cells RPE-1, BJ, and MRC-5 brought to ionizing radiation-, oncogene-, drug-induced and replicative senescence, we found synergy bining MCL-1 selective inhibitors with other BH3 mimetics. In an attempt to uncover the mechanism of such synergy, we revealed that the surviving subpopulation of cells resistant to individually applied ABT-737/ABT-263, MIK665, ABT-199, and S63845 BCL-2 family inhibitors showed elevated pared to untreated control cells indicating the presence of a subset of cells expressing high MCL-1 levels and, therefore, resistant to BCL-2 inhibitors within the original population of senescent cells. Overall, we found bining BCL-2 inhibitors can be beneficial for eliminating senescent cells, thereby enabling use of lower, potentially less toxic, doses of pared to monotherapy, thereby ing the resistance of the subpopulation of senescent cells to monotherapy. |
35951357 | Modification of Pyrrolo[2,1- | A convenient synthesis of methylene-bridged pyrrolo[2,1- |
35951356 | A Superfolder Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Biosensor Allows Monitoring of Chloride in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. | Though the concentration of chloride has been measured in the cytoplasm and in secretory granules of live cells, it cannot be measured within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to poor fluorescence of existing biosensors. We developed a fluorescent posed of a chloride-sensitive superfolder GFP and long Stokes-shifted mKate2 for simultaneous chloride and pH measurements that retained fluorescence in the ER lumen. Using this sensor, we showed that the chloride concentration in the ER is significantly lower than that in the cytosol. This improved biosensor enables dynamic measurement of chloride in the ER and may be useful in other environments where protein folding is challenging. |
35951355 | Ascorbic acid induces salivary gland function through TET2/acetylcholine receptor signaling in aging SAMP1/Klotho (-/-) mice. | Aging affects salivary gland function and alters saliva production and excretion. This study aimed to investigate whether ascorbic acid can be used to treat salivary gland dysfunction in an extensive aging mouse model of SAMP1/Klotho-/- mice. In our previous study, we found that ascorbic acid biosynthesis was disrupted in the salivary glands of SAMP1/Klotho (-/-) mice subjected to metabolomic profiling analysis. In SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice, daily supplementation with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg for 18 days) significantly increased saliva pared with the control. The expression of salivary gland functional markers (α-amylase, ZO-1, and Aqua5) is upregulated. Additionally, acetylcholine and/or beta-adrenergic receptors (M1AchR, M3AchR, and Adrb1) were increased by ascorbic acid in the salivary glands of aging mice, and treatment with ascorbic acid upregulated the expression of acetylcholine receptors through the DNA demethylation protein TET2. These results suggest that ascorbic acid could e the lack caused by dysfunction of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and induce the recovery of salivary gland function. |
35951358 | Senolytic drugs relieve pain by reducing peripheral nociceptive signaling without modifying joint tissue damage in spontaneous osteoarthritis. | Aging is a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive joint disease leading to cartilage damage, pain, and loss of function. In a mouse model of OA, senolytic drugs to selectively clear senescent cells (SnCs) that accumulate with injury or aging yielded a chondroprotective effect; however, this therapeutic benefit was limited in aged mice. Due to inconsistency between cartilage destruction and pain-associated symptoms, we studied the therapeutic effect of senolytics on joint pain in spontaneous OA. We orally treated 21- and 22-month old mice with an ABT263 and Dasatinib and Quercetin (D+Q) bination. Selective elimination of the SnCs that accumulated in the articular cartilage and synovium by these two drugs did not alter cartilage degeneration and abnormal bone changes during spontaneous OA progression. Treatment reduced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia associated with OA and peripheral sensitization through decreased expression of axon guidance proteins (nerve growth factor NGF/TrkA) and nociceptive neuron (calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP) projection to the synovium, subchondral bone marrow, and dorsal root ganglion, and knee joint angiogenesis. Selective removal of the SnCs from |
35951360 | Femtosecond Laser-Induced Supermetalphobicity for Design and Fabrication of Flexible Tactile Electronic Skin Sensor. | Pursuing flexible tactile electronic skin sensors with prehensive performances is highly desired in practical applications. However, current flexible tactile electronic skin sensors suffer insufficient flexibility and sensitivity, as well as high-cost and low-efficiency in fabrication, and are susceptible to contamination in sensing performances. Here, a highly sensitive all-flexible tactile sensor (AFTS) is presented with capacitive sensing bines a double-side micropyramids dielectric layer and a liquid metal (LM) electrode. The design and fabrication of LM-based AFTS are based on supermetalphobicity induced by femtosecond laser. The supermetalphobic micropyramids lead to a high sensitivity up to 2.78 kPa |
35951361 | SIAH1-mediated RPS3 ubiquitination contributes to chemosensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer. | The E3 ligase SIAH1 is deregulated in human cancers and correlated with poor prognosis, but its contributions to chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are not evident. Herein we found that SIAH1 was decreased in EOC tumour tissues and cell lines and negatively correlated with the RPS3 levels. SIAH1 overexpression suppressed tumour cell growth, colony formation, invasion, metastasis, and cisplatin resistance |
35951363 | Ultrafast Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Perylene Bisimide Dimer Enabled by Vibronic Coupling and Breakdown of Adiabaticity. | Perylene bisimides (PBIs) have received great attention in their applicability to optoelectronics. Especially, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) in PBIs has been investigated to mimic the efficient light capturing and charge generation in natural light-harvesting systems. However, unlike ultrafast CS dynamics in donor-acceptor heterojunction materials, ultrafast SB-CS in a stacked homodimer has still been challenging due to excimer formation in the absence of rigidifying surroundings such as a special pair in the natural systems. Herein, we present the detailed mechanism of ultrafast photoinduced SB-CS occurring in a 1,7-bis( |
35951362 | Heritability of R2* iron in the basal ganglia and cortex. | While iron is essential for normal brain functioning, elevated concentrations monly found in neurodegenerative diseases and are associated with impaired cognition and neurological deficits. Currently, only little is known about genetic and environmental factors that influence brain iron concentrations. |
35951364 | Isomer Differentiation of Trapped C | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are major species in astrophysical environments, and this motivates their study in samples of astrochemical interest such as meteorites and laboratory analogues of stardust. Molecular analyses of carbonaceous matter in these samples show a dominant peak at |
35951368 | Investigation on Dynamic Changes in the Morphology and Fluorescence Properties of Sulfur Quantum Dots. | Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), an emerging metal-free quantum dot, which has received intense research interest owing to their unique optical property, good solubility, excellent patibility, and facile synthetic approach. Herein, using sodium hypochlorite as the etching agent, we investigate how it functions and transforms sulfur powder to SQDs and affects the dynamics, photoluminescence, and size changes of SQDs by controlling the reaction time. Precise control of reaction time allows SQDs to be tuned between green and blue (from 515 to 420 nm) with size distribution ranging from 2.0 to 20 nm as well as the occurrence of a distinctive irregular rodlike structure. Surface functional groups and element analysis reveal that the core size and surface oxidizing sulfur species both contribute to the versatile PL properties. Morevoer, we propose a tentative formation mechanism that relies on the oxidizing sulfur surface state and quantum size effect, offering a theoretical and experimental foundation for investigation of we propose a tentative formation mechanism that relies on the oxidizing sulfur surface state and quantum size effect, offering a theoretical and experimental foundation for investigation of the formation and modulation of SQDs. |
35951366 | Dicer-mediated miR-200b expression contributes to cell migratory/invasive abilities and cancer stem cells properties of breast cancer cells. | Distant metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Despite considerable treatment advances, the clinical es of patients with metastatic breast cancer remain poor. CSCs can self-renew, enhancing cancer progression and metastasis. Dicer, a microRNA (miRNA) processing-related enzyme, is required for miRNA maturation. Imbalanced Dicer expression may be pivotal in cancer progression. However, whether and how Dicer affects the stemness of metastatic breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that Dicer regulates the migration, invasion, and stemness of breast cancer cells. We established highly invasive cell lines (MCF-7/I-3 and MDA-MB-231/I-3) and observed that Dicer expression was conspicuously lower in the highly invasive cells than in the parental cells. The silencing of Dicer significantly enhanced the cell migratory/invasive abilities and CSCs properties of the breast cancer cells. Conversely, the overexpression of Dicer in the highly invasive cells reduced their migration, invasion, and CSCs properties. Our bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that low Dicer levels were correlated with increased breast cancer risk. Suppression of Dicer inhibited miR-200b expression, whereas miR-200b suppression recovered Dicer knockdown-induced migration, invasion, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties of the breast cancer cells. Thus, our findings reveal that Dicer is a crucial regulator of the migration, invasion, and CSCs properties of breast cancer cells and is significantly associated with poor survival in patients with breast cancer. |
35951369 | Complete Reductive Dechlorination of 4-Hydroxy-chlorothalonil by | Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, TePN) is one of the most widely used fungicides all over the world. Its major environmental transformation product 4-hydroxy-chlorothalonil (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 4-OH-TPN) is more persistent, mobile, and toxic and is frequently detected at a higher concentration in various pared to its pound TePN. Further microbial transformation of 4-OH-TPN has never been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that 4-OH-TPN plete microbial reductive dehalogenation to 4-hydroxy-isophthalonitrile via 4-hydroxy-dichloroisophthalonitrile and 4-hydroxy-monochloroisophthalonitrile. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated that |
35951370 | Coassembled Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles with Potent Antimicrobial Efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant | Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nanoparticles are effective nanomedicines with diverse therapeutic pared with small molecule-based NO donors. Here, we report a new class of furoxan-based NO-releasing nanoparticles using a simple, creative yet facile coassembly approach. This is the first time we demonstrated that the coassembled NO-releasing nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) |
35951367 | MAB21L1 promotes survival of lens epithelial cells through control of αB-crystallin and ATR/CHK1/p53 pathway. | The male abnormal gene family 21 ( |
35951372 | Effect of Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids on Neurological Recovery via Ameliorating Apoptosis and Regulating the Activation and Polarization of Astrocytes in Ischemic Stroke. | Astrocytes, as the most plentiful subtypes of glial cells, play an essential biphasic function in ischemic stroke (IS). However, although having beneficial effects on stroke via promoting nerve restoration and limiting lesion extension, astrocytes can unavoidably cause exacerbated brain damage due to their participation in the inflammatory response. Therefore, seeking an effective and safe drug/strategy for protecting and regulating astrocytes in stroke is urgent. Here, we employ tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) nanomaterials for astrocytes in stroke, considering their excellent biological properties and outstanding biosafety. In vitro, tFNA can inhibit calcium overload and ROS regeneration triggered by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), which provides a protective effect against astrocytic apoptosis. Furthermore, morphological changes such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of reactive astrocytes are restrained, and the astrocytic polarization from the proinflammatory A1 phenotype to the neuroprotective A2 phenotype is facilitated by tFNA, which further alleviates cerebral infarct volume and facilitates the recovery of neurological function in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) rat models. Moreover, the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway is downregulated by tFNA, which may be the potential mechanism of tFNA for protecting astrocytes in stroke. Collectively, we demonstrate that tFNA can effectively mediate astrocytic apoptosis, activation, and polarization to alleviate brain injury, which represents a potential intervention strategy for IS. |
35951371 | Mobile Translation Systems Generate Genomically Engineered | Cellular translation is responsible for the synthesis of proteins, a highly diverse class of macromolecules that form the basis of biological function. In |
35951374 | Interracial couples' experiences with coparenting school-aged mixed-race children. | Fostering positive racial identities in racialized children is associated with several indicators of optimal development. There is little research investigating the socialization processes through which interracial parents meet this need for their mixed-race children. To address this, in-depth interviews were conducted with six couples actively parenting mixed-race children in an urban context. |
35951375 | Procedure dependence in resource allocations: How focusing on resource or target affects variety-seeking. | Many resource allocation tasks involve the assignment of multiple units of a resource (e.g., money, time, labor) to multiple targets (e.g., stocks, expenditure categories, projects to be carried out). The decision-maker can either focus on the individual targets and decide how many resource units each target should receive (allocation-by-target), or focus on the individual resource units and decide which target each unit should be assigned to (allocation-by-unit). We suggest that the two allocation procedures might result in different es. Specifically, we predict that the allocation-by-unit procedure leads to more variety-seeking than the allocation-by-target procedure. Nine experiments ( |
35951376 | Is status a zero-sum game? Zero-sum beliefs increase people's preference for dominance but not prestige. | Why do people often pursue social rank using coercive and potentially costly |