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Regarding the allergy to plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), indicate the false answer:
They are highly resistant to food processing and the gastrointestinal environment.
It refers to very widespread plant-based food allergens.
These proteins are more present in the skin than in the pulp of fruits.
Nursing
The clinical manifestations of pediatric patients allergic to LTPs consist of mild local symptoms.
77
3
87cfe9bc-038c-4cc4-a6ba-57424c005e24
2022
In the event of a convulsive crisis in a pediatric patient, which of the following routes of administration of benzodiazepines is not considered a first choice?:
Endotracheal route.
Rectal route.
Intranasal route.
Nursing
Oral route.
78
2
a6d3ec02-feeb-4ae3-b661-f62aa20cf58b
2022
Indicate the false option regarding the clinical characteristics of a child with kwashiorkor-type malnutrition:
Skin lesions appear with alternation of hyper and hypopigmentation.
They present a protruding abdomen.
The levels of serum albumin are normal or slightly reduced.
Nursing
They often show apathy and lethargy.
79
4
16c4d1f4-0b86-4892-ae49-884c24f69741
2022
Among the following options, which type of fracture is typical of the pediatric age:
Deütschlander fracture.
Comminuted fracture.
Plastic deformation or bending.
Nursing
Spiral fracture.
80
4
50c9965f-3cee-4ce2-a79c-d0c4abc34ced
2022
When we say that a pediatric patient is in the 35th percentile of weight, we understand that:
35% of children of their sex and age are at or above their weight.
65% of children of their sex and age are the same or above that weight.
35% of children of their gender and age maintain the same weight.
Nursing
65% of children of their sex and age are below that weight.
81
1
30c75ed8-62c2-47c8-8a1c-219c88d0717f
2022
When evaluating visual acuity in our pediatric nursing consultation, the following tools and tests can be used. Indicate the incorrect answer:
Snellen Chart.
Bayley Test.
LEA Symbols Chart.
Nursing
Allen Test.
82
1
055fea64-d512-452e-97f8-a4019dc67e09
2022
Which of the following responses about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is incorrect:
There is persistent fever with no clear clinical origin.
Exhibits characteristics similar to Kawasaki disease.
Some children progress clinically quickly and may develop hemodynamic compromise.
Nursing
It is accompanied by bilateral pneumonia with multilobar infiltrate.
83
3
6947e5a0-43d1-4ffd-939e-7511ee86ef18
2022
Indicate the correct statement in relation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and pregnancy:
Supplementation with 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D does not seem to decrease the risks of suffering from preeclampsia or gestational diabetes.
The concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D remain the same during pregnancy.
The recommendation of all scientific societies is to perform a systematic universal detection during pregnancy of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Nursing
The concentrations of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D prior to pregnancy double in the first trimester and reach their peak in the third trimester.
84
3
02859f71-8eee-4408-9ac6-00f595559d0e
2022
The consumption or exposure to tobacco products by pregnant women is not more specifically associated with:
Premature rupture of membranes.
Placenta previa.
Uterine rupture.
Nursing
Premature detachment of placenta.
85
4
d8849941-7f18-4a73-886f-b309507617e3
2022
Indicate the correct option from the following recommendations regarding COVID-19 and pregnancy:
COVID-19 infection in pregnant women does not modify the thromboembolic risk.
The physiological changes of pregnancy make the pregnant woman less susceptible to COVID-19.
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, even in the case that the mother shows infection by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Nursing
The Spanish database, Red Covid-19 SEGO, shows that there could be no proposed relation between the acute infectious or inflammatory condition and premature birth.
86
4
445ac7c1-3e10-4281-8bbf-687508befcf9
2022
According to the Clinical Practice Guide for care during pregnancy and childbirth of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, which of the following infectious agents is not recommended for routine serological testing in pregnant women:
Measles.
HIV.
Cytomegalovirus.
Nursing
Hepatitis B.
87
4
40a2aab2-1581-47a2-b652-8a3478ce3396
2022
Indicate which of the following statements is incorrect in relation to endometriosis in women who suffer from this disease:
It can be categorized as a chronic and disabling disease for some patients, especially for the subgroup of women with more severe endometriosis known as deep endometriosis.
Infertility can affect 30-40% of women with endometriosis.
In general, the symptoms are less intense during the menstrual period and tend to worsen with menopause.
Nursing
Women with chronic pelvic pain without endometriosis have a lower frequency of psychological disorders than women with endometriosis.
88
4
93a47645-8fa4-4df7-92ff-28497621534b
2022
To assess whether the maternal condition in an out-of-hospital birth allows for transfer to a health center, a scoring system is used. Indicate which of the following is this system:
Malinas Test.
Apgar Test.
Bishop's Score Test.
Nursing
Silverman Test.
89
2
da8f1acc-7742-41cb-9acb-b9384263571c
2022
Of the following recommendations on breastfeeding in case of mammary engorgement, indicate which one has the highest degree of recommendation according to the Clinical Practice Guide on breastfeeding of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality:
In the case of a very significant engorgement, we will also need to reduce the inflammatory component to allow the milk to flow out, preferably administering morphine derivatives for this purpose.
Acupuncture could reduce the need for antibiotics and the development of breast abscess compared to usual care.
The application of cabbage leaves can be beneficial in these cases, with improvements in symptoms being observed.
Nursing
It is recommended to increase the frequency of feedings, in addition to rest and make skin-to-skin contact to promote the release of oxytocin.
90
3
df7c8b46-3b9e-47e3-8db3-1fb8132a163d
2022
Indicate which of the following climacteric scales is a validated scale for the Spanish population, according to the Clinical Practice Guide on the approach to vasomotor and vaginal symptoms associated with menopause and postmenopause from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality:
Kupperman Index.
REEDA Scale.
Braden Scale.
Nursing
Cervantes Scale.
91
3
343b4f92-bf7c-40db-b02c-e701d5aa5f52
2022
In order to improve the ability to deliver bad news in case of perinatal death, health professionals have the SPIKES 6-step protocol, described by Bayle and Buckman. The first stage includes:
Find out how much the patient knows.
Prepare the most suitable physical context.
Planning and monitoring of the process.
Nursing
Respond to the patient's feelings.
92
1
1f4c767c-3030-4b49-bd70-f063b094074c
2022
Of the following infectious agents that cause vaginosis, indicate the one that is not considered a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI):
Simplex Herpes Virus type 2.
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Trichomonas vaginalis.
Nursing
Gardnerella vaginalis.
93
3
0f9546fb-6040-4500-a944-7fff1f9f3d79
2022
According to the Clinical Practice Guide for hormonal and intrauterine contraception from the Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare, in relation to the necessary and obligatory examinations (class A) before the prescription for an effective and safe use of the contraceptive patch, indicate the correct answer:
Weight/BMI.
Blood Pressure.
Pelvic examination.
Nursing
Breast examination.
94
1
d9ba703f-277b-4812-b2e3-90c887136645
2022
Which of the following refers to LADA type diabetes?
It is a variant of type 2 diabetes, although it requires the use of insulin from the time of its diagnosis.
It usually does not present acute onset symptoms and its progression is progressive, slow, mild or asymptomatic.
It is a form of diabetes due to a primary defect in insulin secretion with inadequate secretion for blood glucose levels, without alterations in the action of insulin.
Nursing
It is a type of diabetes in which there is immunological destruction of pancreatic beta cells in adults, as opposed to type 1 diabetes, which occurs in young people.
95
3
46572332-483e-4be0-a8f6-75a783711791
2022
Indicate which of the following cancers diagnosed during the organ donation process does not pose an unacceptable risk to the process:
Breast cancer.
Lung cancer.
Prostate cancer.
Nursing
Leukemia.
96
4
b5e0f2d0-77c8-4d31-83ee-eeac276d2bee
2022
Indicate the incorrect option in relation to the Fontaine classification:
Grade II is mild claudication. With IIa being claudication at a distance greater than 150 meters and IIb being claudication at a distance less than 150 meters.
Grade I is asymptomatic, although there is arteriosclerosis, the arterial obliteration is not significant.
In stage IV, localized tissue lesions, necrosis, and areas of gangrene appear.
Nursing
In grade III, the patient reports pain at rest.
97
2
8eb284db-38b5-4593-9088-4b77ef794fc9
2022
From the following statements, indicate the correct answer according to the latest ILCOR-ERC 2021 recommendations on electrical cardioversion:
In atrial fibrillation, it is recommended to administer a synchronized shock at the maximum energy of the defibrillator instead of a strategy with increasing energies.
In ventricular tachycardia, it is recommended to use energy levels between 70 and 120 J, considering gradually increasing the energy if the sinus rhythm is not achieved with the first discharge.
For paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, it is recommended to use energy levels between 120 and 150 J in the first discharge.
Nursing
For atrial flutter, it is recommended to use energy levels between 120 and 150 J in the first discharge.
98
2
8357e203-f8f2-4ce5-80f6-ded1a25db089
2022
We have a vial of 2% propofol of 50 ml and 2 ampoules of fentanyl of 3 ml and 0.15 mg. Indicate the correct response for the administration of 40 mg of propofol and 75 mcg of fentanyl:
2 ml of propofol and 1.5 ml of fentanyl.
1 ml of propofol and 1 ml of fentanyl.
4 ml of propofol and 2.5 ml of fentanyl.
Nursing
3 ml of propofol and 2 ml of fentanyl.
99
2
c1f01919-8519-4d79-ac87-ad4f118aab85
2022
Which of the following variables is not part of the Pain Behaviors Indicative Scale?:
Comfortability.
Muscle tone.
Facial musculature.
Nursing
Vocalization.
100
3
e994d9d5-7bb9-4e19-9de2-2364c2a35d4e
2022
Indicate the correct option regarding the most effective measure on contact with patients infected with Clostridium Difficile:
Hand washing with water and soap is the most effective measure.
Hydroalcoholic gels have demonstrated a high level of efficacy when used after contact with this type of patients.
Hand disinfection with 2% sodium hypochlorite should be performed after contact with these patients.
Nursing
The 2% boric acid alcohol solution is the most cost-effective measure.
101
2
d7c99a9b-9101-40ed-8584-10f70f3c80fe
2022
Indicate what the symbol "•" corresponds to, which appears next to the national code in the top right margin of both main faces of the external packaging of a medication:
Cold storage.
For hospital use only.
Dispensation of narcotics with official prescription.
Nursing
Dispensation subject to medical prescription.
102
4
a1d7158a-fe06-4cfd-8ea0-b33cafa979f2
2022
What is the anatomical reference for measuring the zero intracranial pressure in an external ventricular drain?
Two fingers above the external auditory canal, coinciding with the oval foramen.
In the external auditory canal, coinciding with the Monro hole.
Upper edge of the auricular pavilion.
Nursing
Fronto-parietal junction at the level of the coronal suture.
103
1
dd276133-624a-41ac-b6d1-c99ba8b5ceea
2022
Indicate the correct option in relation to the diagnostic tests for MECV-V dysphagia:
Three safety alterations are assessed: cough, changes in voice, and desaturation >3%. These alterations result in changes to the following textures to be administered, and the termination of the test if they occur in the pudding texture.
The patient is provided with a solution with three different viscosities: liquid, nectar, and pudding. The test begins by administering the pudding texture to the patient, followed by the nectar texture, and finally the liquid texture.
The volume and viscosity safe for the patient is that in which alterations in efficacy have appeared, but no alterations in safety.
Nursing
Four alterations in efficacy are evaluated: ineffectiveness of the lip seal, oral residue, fractionated swallowing, and pharyngeal residue. These alterations imply the interruption of the test and entail the placement of a feeding tube.
104
2
729f7f0b-e36d-482b-997f-9ee460def3c7
2022
Indicate the correct answer regarding aphasias:
The damage to the Wernicke's area, located in the frontal lobe, leads to a sensory or comprehension aphasia.
The affectation of the Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, leads to motor or expressive aphasia.
Damage to the Wernicke's area, located in the temporal lobe, results in motor or expressive aphasia.
Nursing
Damage to the Broca's area, located in the temporal lobe, leads to a sensory or comprehension aphasia.
105
1
3e134aaa-ecf5-4814-92bc-2317a87eab93
2022
Episodic migraine is different from tension headache:
Episodic migraine does not worsen with routine physical activity, while tension headache does.
Episodic migraine lasts from 30 minutes to 7 days, while tension headache lasts less than 24 hours.
Episodic migraine is accompanied by nausea and/or vomiting or photophobia or phonophobia, while tension headache usually does not present these types of symptoms.
Nursing
Episodic migraine with aura does not require additional tests for diagnosis, whereas for tension headache, it is recommended to conduct an imaging study if more than 5 episodes occur in a month.
106
4
c52542fe-8f5f-4e53-8379-c34e8239f072
2022
From what percentage is a leak test considered negative in the weaning phase of mechanical ventilation?:
Greater than 10%.
Less than 10%.
Greater than 15%.
Nursing
Less than 15%.
107
4
790ccd42-e270-4e83-9eff-0df6ba4cfd54
2022
According to the International Consensus Document on Obstructive Sleep Apnea, indicate the correct statement about the use of CPAP:
Optimal compliance is considered to be a minimum usage of 6 hours per night.
Good adherence is considered as the use of the device for at least 5 hours per night for 80% of the nights.
In case of clear non-compliance, with an average use of less than 3 hours per night, the patient should be included in a compliance program and a new evaluation should be carried out after a minimum of one month.
Nursing
It is recommended that every patient undergoing CPAP treatment be monitored for the first fifteen days of treatment and have a minimum face-to-face review once a year.
108
2
9dc05f8e-4c45-4859-bc24-c6dbad18b3f6
2022
According to the SEPAR Procedure Manual, indicate the incorrect option about the signs and symptoms of compression neuropathy after performing an arterial blood gas test:
Muscle weakness.
Paresthesia.
Muscle stiffness.
Nursing
Allodynia.
109
4
457468e4-e32a-478f-ab65-f0777da3bf17
2022
According to the SEPAR Procedures Manual, indicate the correct option about the interpretation of arterial blood gases at sea level, at rest, with FiO2 of 0.21 and in the absence of other pathologies:
Hypoxemia is considered if an adult's PaO2 is less than 60 mmHg and respiratory failure is when the PaO2 is below 80 mmHg.
Hypoxemia is considered if an adult's PaO2 is below 80 mmHg and respiratory failure when the PaO2 is below 60 mmHg.
Hypoxemia is considered if the PaO2 of an adult is below 60 mmHg and respiratory failure when the PaO2 is below 40 mmHg.
Nursing
Hypoxemia is considered if an adult's PaO2 is less than 40 mmHg and respiratory failure when the PaO2 is below 60 mmHg.
110
1
d8873f3f-1e45-43c2-80af-f240442ee1b7
2022
Point out the incorrect statement in relation to the use of inhalers:
Dry powder inhalers require a carrier for the drug, which is often lactose.
Pressurized cartridge inhalers require propellants for the emission of the drug.
A better administration of the inhaled drug is achieved if a spacer chamber is used with pressurized cartridge inhalers.
Nursing
Fine mist inhalers require propellants for the drug delivery, but unlike pressurized cartridge inhalers, the propellant used has less impact on the carbon footprint.
111
3
20857df7-9570-44bc-b7ef-aba740215253
2022
Regarding the painful phantom limb syndrome, indicate the correct option:
The neuropathic pain treatment line is being followed.
It has been demonstrated that mirror therapy is not useful in pain reduction.
Currently, surgical resection of the neuroma is the method of choice.
Nursing
It has the same characteristics as stump pain.
112
2
21b307cd-1c59-4bb0-a7f1-d3dd084d88db
2022
Indicate the correct option in relation to the care of a patient with total knee arthroplasty:
It is advisable to place a pillow under the affected knee when in bed.
Patients should mobilize the limb and ambulate from the first day.
The operated leg must remain lowered when the patient is sitting.
Nursing
An INR between 2-2.5 should be maintained to prevent the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis.
113
1
644d7557-300d-44e1-b8f9-51533a782372
2022
Indicate which of the following is an early sign of compartment syndrome in a patient with a cast:
Foul smell and purulent discharge through the cast.
Disproportionate pain to passive stretching of other muscles in the immobilized limb.
Erythema and tension of the underlying tissue.
Nursing
Decreased intracompartmental pressure.
114
1
1b9a0568-2700-4240-a924-65de444462ff
2022
Indicate which of the following measures is optional within the Surgical Infection Zero protocol:
Brushed with 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine.
Adjustment of antibiotic prophylaxis.
Maintaining normothermia.
Nursing
Proper hair removal.
115
4
c0b8f615-ee87-4570-8611-1ae00e31cfe6
2022
Among the temporary modifications induced by electromagnetic interferences on implantable devices (pacemakers/automatic defibrillators), there is none:
Automatic change of stimulation mode from DDD(R) to VVI(R).
Operation in asynchronous mode A00/V00/D00.
Switching operation to "Back Up" mode.
Nursing
Inappropriate shock therapy.
116
4
9eebeb4a-5c84-41ce-bc74-ab426544e8bf
2022
Regarding urinary infections and sepsis, indicate the incorrect option:
Although Escherichia Coli is the germ that most frequently causes urological infections, in men it is common for it to be caused by candida.
Septic shock presents cellular, circulatory and metabolic abnormalities that are associated with a higher risk of mortality than sepsis.
Acute pyelonephritis should be suspected in patients who present with fever and flank pain, even in the absence of typical cystitis symptoms.
Nursing
When infections worsen causing septic shock, the outcome is usually similar regardless of whether the bacteria are Gram negative or Gram positive.
117
2
6c5fbdfb-5754-4184-bcae-18411ea78bed
2022
Indicate which of the following classifications regarding dialyzers used in hemodialysis is correct:
Dialyzers can be classified according to the composition of the membrane and their ability to eliminate solutes in the blood.
Dialyzers can be classified according to their geometric design, the composition of the membrane, and according to their ability to remove solutes in the blood.
Dialyzers can be classified according to the composition of the membrane, according to their ability to remove solutes in blood, and according to the casing.
Nursing
Dialyzers can be classified according to the composition of the membrane, according to their ability to remove solutes in the blood, according to the type of plate, and according to the housing.
118
1
97f452dc-3c56-49f1-af47-f330c01383ee
2022
Indicate which of the following foods presents a higher amount of potassium per 100g and, therefore, should be most discouraged for a patient with Chronic Kidney Disease:
Apple.
Watermelon.
Cherry.
Nursing
Raisin.
119
3
f9a5be19-7dc5-4604-8e2d-a954fb0fc043
2022
According to the latest Clinical Practice Guide for peri and postoperative care of the fistula and arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis in adults, published by the European Renal Best Practice (ERBP), state the correct statement:
At the time of the first cannulation in adults who require hemodialysis, it is recommended to wait eight weeks after the creation of the arteriovenous fistula if after a physical examination it is considered that the access is adequate.
At the time of the first cannulation in adults who require hemodialysis, it is recommended to wait six weeks after the creation of the arteriovenous fistula if, after the physical examination, it is considered that the access is adequate.
In adults who need hemodialysis, it is suggested not to cannulate arteriovenous fistulas for the first time between two and four weeks after their creation, unless this can prevent the placement of a central venous catheter for hemodialysis.
Nursing
In adults who require hemodialysis, it is suggested not to cannulate arteriovenous fistulas for the first time between one and two weeks after their creation, unless this can avoid the placement of a central venous catheter for hemodialysis.
120
4
6aa336d3-65e7-4ac5-a576-c60913a07465
2022
The vehicles designated for the provision of healthcare transportation services, which are equipped at least with a driver who possesses the Professional Training title of Technician in Healthcare Emergencies and a nurse, and that, when the assistance to be provided requires it, must have a doctor, are:
Non-assistance ambulances A2.
The A1 assistance ambulances.
The C-type assistance ambulances.
Nursing
B. Supportive Ambulances.
121
4
90c6504c-4a1f-4293-b30d-5f039753560b
2022
Decelerations during the transfer of patients in a ground ambulance can cause the following changes, except:
High blood pressure.
Low blood pressure.
Increase in intracranial pressure (in patients with cranioencephalic trauma, their injuries may increase).
Nursing
Reflex Bradycardia.
122
1
a7651050-e12d-45e2-af3c-049ccc13798c
2022
Which of the following is an acquired coagulopathy?:
Von Willebrand Disease.
Hemophilia A.
Christmas Disease.
Nursing
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).
123
3
ebf4033a-60bd-4a1e-96e0-b0564e23cb04
2022
Which of the following individuals could be a blood donor?:
Male, 17 years old, 89 kg in weight. An elite registered athlete, closely monitored by the federation's doctors, enjoys excellent health.
Woman, 23 years old, 59 kg in weight. A month and a half ago, she had a severe flu with a fever over 39ºC, which completely resolved a month ago.
Woman, 28 years old, weighing 65 kg. She became a mother through natural childbirth 4 months ago, from which she is fully recovered and currently enjoys excellent health.
Nursing
Male, 59 years old, 71 kg in weight. He had thyroid cancer 10 years ago, currently disease-free.
124
1
88d5dad6-c614-4e77-beea-3189dea7cc84
2022
When going into a room to administer a platelet concentrate, the patient says that he is blood type B- and that the bag states that the donor is A+. The blood bank is consulted and it is confirmed that the donor is A+, the recipient is B-, and the platelet concentrate to be administered has a red blood cell content of less than 2 ml. The correct action would be:
Inform the patient that a platelet transfusion does not require blood group compatibility, as it contains less than 2 ml of red blood cells.
Discard the use of platelet concentrate since the patient presents ABO incompatibility and Rh incompatibility.
Administer the platelets through a special filter for ABO incompatibility cases of 170-200 µm, slowly (1-2 hours), and closely monitor for the possible appearance of adverse signs.
Nursing
Consult with the on-call hematologist and assess the possibility of premedication with 40 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone and 1 g of intravenous paracetamol 30 minutes before the transfusion to avoid side effects due to existing incompatibility.
125
2
3c959b88-123a-465d-b57e-b21265ff68be
2022
Should any type of isolation be applied to a patient who has undergone allogeneic hematopoietic precursor transplantation (HPT) with a 9/10 HLA score?
Contact Isolation.
Isolation is not necessary, as the donor compatibility score is very high.
Airborne isolation and ensure a negative air pressure inside the room.
Nursing
Reverse or protective isolation.
126
3
e4c2c4c5-33a1-4ab3-bde6-34860b409410
2022
The recommendation on the degree of compression currently in force in Spain (Ferrer et al., 2003) for elastic stockings, classifies as strong compression the one established between:
30-40 mmHg.
22-29 mmHg.
Greater than 50 mmHg.
Nursing
40-50 mmHg.
128
2
cd0c0eea-d6cd-4c68-add0-dce75f181a1e
2022
Which of the following clinical characteristics is not usually found in deep tissue injuries?
Displacement between 30-45º of the bone ridges.
Double erythema (the second one darker and within the first one).
Favorable progress with optimal treatment.
Nursing
Its color may differ from the surrounding skin.
129
4
849b8efe-d08a-4edd-b5ce-caf285e0bfca
2022
The GNEAUPP proposes the following definition for moisture-related injuries:
A localized injury to the skin and deep tissues that presents as inflammation (erythema) and/or erosion of the skin, caused by prolonged exposure (continuous or almost continuous) to various sources of moisture with potential irritants for the skin (for example: urine, feces, wound exudate, effluents from stomas or fistulas, sweat, saliva or mucus).
A localized lesion on the skin (usually does not affect underlying tissues) that presents as inflammation (erythema) and/or erosion of it, caused by prolonged exposure (continuous or nearly continuous) to various sources of moisture with potential for skin irritation (for example: urine, feces, wound exudate, effluents from stomas or fistulas, sweat, saliva or mucus).
A localized injury to the skin and deep tissues appearing as an inflammation (erythema), caused by the devitalization of tissue as a result of the loss of cellular turgor due to prolonged exposure to various irritants (physical or chemical).
Nursing
Localized injury to the skin (usually does not affect underlying tissues) that always presents with erosion of the skin, caused by prolonged exposure (continuous or almost continuous) to various sources of moisture with potential irritants for the skin (for example: urine, feces, wound exudate, effluents from stomas or fistulas, sweat, saliva or mucus).
130
1
4b7baf9b-f8f9-4002-bfc8-0f4a6c31d21a
2022
For deep lower extremity ulcers (Grade IV) that are highly exudative, dressings for controlling excess exudate are valid:
Polyurethane film.
Hydrogel.
Alginate.
Nursing
Gauze.
131
4
0db64a19-b98d-4546-9b7c-6db51201ebb2
2022
In patients positioned in prone position admitted in critical care units, as has been necessary with some COVID-19 patients, indicate which of the following specific recommendations would not be appropriate:
Assess in each rotation other parts of the body that may be at risk of ulceration in this position (areas of the chest, knees, toes, penis, pubic symphysis...).
Facial assessment on each rotation to verify lesions.
Relieve the pressure points on the face and body.
Nursing
Apply foam rollers at least on knees, chin and frontal area of the face.
132
3
46694137-5b10-4390-a03d-223b17a65b53
2022
Dysdiadochokinesia is a clinical sign associated with:
Upper motor neuron syndromes.
Extrapyramidal disorders.
Posterior optic neuritis.
Nursing
Cerebellar syndromes.
133
3
273f6420-27a5-422a-9225-4d1440af722e
2022
Regarding the screening of tests for occult blood in stools, there are two methods for the detection of hemoglobin (Hb). In relation to the test by chemical method (guaiac SOHg), indicate the incorrect option:
This test may be rehydrated or not.
It is based on the pseudoperoxidase activity of the heme group, which induces the oxidation of guaiac when hydrogen peroxide is added.
Three days before taking the test, avoid treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and encourage the consumption of vitamin C supplements.
Nursing
To avoid false positives or negatives, the guaiac SOHg test requires the collection of 3 samples and adherence to a specific diet for 3 days beforehand.
134
4
cadff67c-f0dd-4a2e-83c9-371f9fa33f78
2022
Indicate the incorrect option in relation to the advantages of the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) over other classification systems:
Useful for systematic reviews and health technology assessments, as well as for guidelines.
Explicit evaluation of the importance of the results of alternative management strategies.
Transparent process of transitioning from evidence to recommendations.
Nursing
Explicit recognition of decisions and references.
135
3
fadc5e4e-4c53-4fc9-904b-3f4a113d43e8
2022
One of the following answers does not match the characteristics presented by Fournier's Gangrene (FG):
It is more prevalent in women than in men, in a proportion of 10:1 respectively.
FG is a specific form of necrotizing fasciitis that progresses rapidly and primarily affects the genital, perineal and perianal muscle fascia, and can even extend to the intraabdominal wall.
The diagnosis for GF under the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) classification is N-49.3.
Nursing
The most predisposing factors for GF are Diabetes Mellitus and chronic alcoholism. It is also associated with processes that compromise the immune status, neoplasms, malnutrition, and others such as a low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene habits.
136
2
e068abca-b74e-4f3a-91db-6e43405a69cf
2022
The Rapid Assessment Faecal Incontinence Score (RAFIS) allows for the assessment of the clinical severity and its impact on emotional well-being. It is composed of two subscales. What do these subscales measure?
One of them measures the general condition of the subject through a visual scale, and the other measures the consistency of the stools through a visual scale.
One of them measures the general state of the subject through a visual scale, and the other measures the frequency of leaks through a numerical scale.
One measures whether the patient has experienced uncontrolled gas loss, liquid and solid stools through a visual scale, and the other investigates the impact this has on their quality of life and sexual activity through a numerical scale.
Nursing
One of them assesses the severity of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction through a visual scale, while the other classifies the type of stool from 1 to 7 through a numerical scale.
137
1
834c35f3-4726-4129-aa0b-d09828c71ccb
2022
The Malone technique refers to:
This is a colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis. It is reserved for a small group of patients with severe and refractory symptoms: colonic inertia and motor disorder limited to the colon with normal orocecal transit.
Procedure used in adults, for neurogenic bowel dysfunction, with the application of a water enema with paraffin oil or soap, obtaining an emptying of the distal colorectum up to the splenic flexure.
Technique used in dyssynergic defecation. The aim in these patients is to restore a normal bowel pattern, achieving an adequate abdominal contraction along with the relaxation of the sphincters.
Nursing
A procedure that involves the creation of a continent conduit, usually an appendicostomy, which allows for intermittent catheterization for the irrigation and quick, controlled cleaning of the colon (anterograde enema).
138
3
417ae88a-4d0c-4994-af78-9cb5f2406533
2022
In 2012, Emmertsen and collaborators developed an objective, efficient, and easy-to-use tool for daily practice to evaluate bowel function after a rectal resection. What is this scale called?:
NBD Scale (Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Score).
MSKCC BFI Scale (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Bowel Function Instrument Score).
LARS Scale (Low Anterior Resection Score).
Nursing
RAFIS Scale (Rapid Assessment Faecal Incontinence Score).
139
4
9b037a4a-0d3a-4ccf-b7a4-d566129d4073
2022
"Nails that have a 'half and half' appearance, presenting with a whitish proximal portion and a red, pink, or reddish-brown distal half, which are associated with chronic nephropathies, are also called:"
Lindsay's Nails.
Terry's Nails.
Nails with Mees' lines or with Muehrcke's lines.
Nursing
Clubbed nails.
140
2
458b1c6b-0723-47b0-abe7-ffe4d7aac01b
2022
Upon reviewing the medical history of a patient admitted for continuation of chemotherapy treatment, it is noted that she has "Beau's lines". To assess them and be able to carry out the follow-up, it is necessary to review:
The abdomen.
The face.
The nails.
Nursing
The forearms.
141
4
9809713a-21ab-47f1-9a3e-ab69f74894d6
2022
You visit the home of an Anglo-Saxon patient, who only has a thermometer calibrated in Fahrenheit degrees. Upon taking his temperature, you determine that it is 101 degrees Fahrenheit, which means that he has:
Low-grade fever.
Hypothermia.
Hyperpyrexia.
Nursing
Fever.
142
3
65d5883c-85aa-46d6-a065-c4a2c2c5d0dc
2022
When performing an examination of the abdomen using the topographic zones described by the French school, the explored area contains: greater omentum, lower gastric portion, transverse colon, mesentery, inferior vena cava, and aorta. You are exploring:
Mesogastrium.
Right hypochondrium.
Right iliac fossa.
Nursing
Hypogastrium.
143
2
14856f57-99ff-42ef-b35b-04840ca7660b
2022
In relation to the hematological status and transfusion support of patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), it is correct that:
The Hb level at the time of MDS diagnosis usually shows normal values in 90% of patients.
The definition of anemia in these patients, according to the WHO, corresponds to a Hb value lower than 10 g/dL in males, or lower than 8 g/dL in females.
The coexistence of renal insufficiency and decreased levels of erythropoietin (EPO) paradoxically has a protective effect on marrow deterioration, making it respond better to the administration of EPO.
Nursing
Chronic anemia in these patients can cause increased cardiac output, ventricular hypertrophy, and risk of coronary syndromes.
144
3
e3d2095b-a763-4efd-8f6a-c6c9f94b84dc
2022
The time that blood culture bottles can remain at room temperature before being introduced into the incubation system should not exceed in any case:
6 hours.
2 hours.
18 hours.
Nursing
12 hours.
145
4
faec376b-35dd-49f1-9a8e-da7fa49d04ba
2022
Which of the following tools is considered a dynamic parameter, which allows guiding fluid resuscitation in adults with sepsis or septic shock?:
Central Venous Pressure.
Tidal volume.
Serum lactate.
Nursing
Response to passive elevation of the legs combined with measurement of pulse pressure increase.
146
3
7dc9a0a9-bd23-414f-a34f-2b38141e53a3
2022
What is the maximum amount of fluids that can be administered subcutaneously to a patient with moderate or mild dehydration within 24 hours?
1500 ml per puncture point, with a maximum of 3 different puncture points.
1500 ml in total, in one or several puncture points.
3000 ml, in two puncture points.
Nursing
2500 ml.
147
4
0583dd46-2adc-47a7-88f7-db31bb637c8d
2022
Hypothermia is a common condition in maritime rescues of immigrants in damaged boats. Regarding the characteristics of it and its treatment, indicate the incorrect answer:
Elderly people and children under 2 years old are especially susceptible.
In the event of a cardiopulmonary arrest in a patient with a central temperature of 29ºC, we should discontinue CPR maneuvers if after 30 minutes there is no pulse.
Supraventricular arrhythmias and blockages usually resolve spontaneously with the rewarming of the subjects.
Nursing
In moderate hypothermia (28º-32º C), shivering ceases and subjects present with bradycardia and bradypnea.
148
1
1039327f-347a-4262-9d9c-45c24d228004
2022
Regarding the control of the airway through the technique of retrograde intubation in Advanced Life Support in trauma, indicate the incorrect answer:
To perform this, an intravenous catheter is inserted that goes through the cricothyroid membrane.
It is a useful technique in cases of severe maxillofacial injuries where anatomical references have been lost.
The short time required for its implementation is one of the main advantages of this technique.
Nursing
Using the Seldinger technique, the metal guide is directed from the cricothyroid membrane until it appears through the mouth.
149
4
71a87b39-4aed-4757-8b63-fb0a76e2daeb
2022
Regarding the goal of treating frostbite in the extremities, indicate the incorrect answer:
Hypothermia should be treated beforehand if it exists, with massages and frictions on the frozen limb being a good method.
It is crucial to stop the freezing process, try to improve microcirculation, and prevent a possible infection.
If there are open wounds or ruptured blisters, an antiseptic soap, such as povidone-iodine, for example, should be dissolved in the water.
Nursing
It is recommended to immerse the affected limb in water at 10-15ºC, and gradually increase the temperature by 5ºC every 5 minutes up to a maximum of 40ºC.
150
2
77f936a4-2ad1-4987-9ac5-169d6b8a93cc
2022
Which of the following do you think is correct in relation to the term "chemsex"?:
It refers to any use of drugs linked to sex whose purpose is to engage in sexual activity for a long period of time.
It is a particular type of recreational drug use in sexual contexts associated with the LGBTQ+ sexual culture.
Interestingly, the practice of chemsex is rarely common among homosexual and bisexual men infected with HIV.
Nursing
The use of drugs for sexual purposes by a single person (individually or for online sex) is not considered as chemsex.
151
1
1fbd676c-2e7b-4e40-87d4-f125584f2dc3
2022
Among the recommendations to avoid dislocations of total hip prosthesis, mark the false option:
Avoid sitting on very low seats and leaning forward to tie your shoes or put on socks.
If the approach of the surgery is postero-lateral, avoid external rotation of the leg and adduction movement.
If the surgical approach is anterior, avoid external rotation of the leg and abduction movement.
Nursing
Do not cross your legs.
152
1
4b7d97fc-31df-4b85-b5ee-06b706108850
2022
Considering the various surgical techniques for laparoscopic bariatric surgery, indicate the correct answer:
The biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch is of the malabsorptive type.
The gastric sleeve is of a malabsorptive and restrictive type.
They immediately reduce the comorbidity associated with obesity.
Nursing
Post-surgical nutritional deficiencies are greater in restrictive types.
153
2
570ab420-ab59-43ee-8f09-d286c73f57fb
2022
Regarding the use of the V.A.C (Vacuum Assisted Closure) negative pressure therapy system, indicate the incorrect answer:
The pressure exerted varies between 125 mmHg and 300 mmHg.
It is indicated for flaps and grafts.
A continuous or intermittent pressure can be established.
Nursing
It is contraindicated in unexplored and non-enteric fistulas.
154
2
6ac4c52c-69a9-4bf6-9e72-b4563f03a765
2022
Indicate the incorrect option in relation to the side effects of patients undergoing radiotherapy for neck and head pathologies:
The internal lymphedema caused by radiotherapy, affects the mucous membrane and the underlying soft tissue. It can cause hoarseness, compromise of the respiratory tract and dysphagia.
The most common complication of head and neck radiotherapy is xerostomia. Changing the diet to moist and softer foods can improve nutritional status and the use of a humidifier in the room can also provide some benefit.
Dysphagia and esophageal toxicity after radiotherapy is an underestimated complication, as the development of these usually occurs many years later.
Nursing
Trismus is a common complication, usually affecting more than 30% of people who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy. The use of mandibular exercises, passive movement devices, and splints, can be helpful.
155
3
e1c31927-55cc-43e6-b1c7-5c312e5bfae8
2022
Indicate the correct option in relation to the treatment of a jellyfish sting:
Wash the area with plenty of tap water, rubbing vigorously with a sponge or gauze, and administer topical analgesics afterwards.
Wash the area thoroughly with salt water/saline solution, without rubbing, then apply a vinegar solution and "shave" the area with a piece of plastic or razor to remove any possible residues.
Remove the remains of the animal with a solution of 0.5% diluted ammonia and then apply ice, as well as a prophylactic antibiotic ointment.
Nursing
Disinfect the area with 2% chlorhexidine and subsequently wash the area with fresh water, without rubbing. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended.
156
1
eb80c3e4-bd82-4038-b3ee-2196038d7cbb
2022
Which of the following puncture zones is not indicated for the subcutaneous infusion of fluids?:
Infraclavicular area.
Gluteal area.
Deltoid area.
Nursing
Scapular area.
157
1
752fd39a-35fd-4976-9284-f2953482f9a6
2022
Which of the following parameters is assessed in the SHORT basic triage method and is not assessed in the START method?:
Breathing.
Speaks.
Gait.
Nursing
Response to orders.
158
1
69b5d827-8bba-4c41-9646-d9e21b5c91b4
2022
In a pregnant patient in cardiopulmonary arrest to whom advanced life support maneuvers are being applied, indicate the correct statement:
If the gestational age is >20 weeks or the uterus is palpable above the level of the navel, an attempt should be made to achieve a 15-30º inclination to the right side during chest compressions.
If we are in the presence of a defibrillable rhythm, the defibrillation patches should be placed in an anterior-posterior position.
The position of the hands for performing chest compressions is modified, and the hands are placed on the upper third of the sternum.
Nursing
If the gestational age is >20 weeks or the uterus is palpable above the level of the navel and the initial resuscitation (first 4 minutes) is unsuccessful, the fetus must be removed by emergency cesarean section.
160
3
7627b813-7f31-4a1a-b3b6-ab5040898421
2022
A stabbed individual presents with very severe respiratory failure, and due to the characteristics of their injuries, as well as the signs observed, a tension pneumothorax can be suspected. Which of the following signs do we not expect to find in this situation?:
Flattened neck veins.
Significant respiratory work.
Very diminished or absent respiratory sounds.
Nursing
Deviation of the trachea towards the healthy side.
161
2
f9d223cd-12d0-4d5f-a366-276f2c721e27
2022
In a pediatric patient (6 years old) with decompensated cardiopulmonary failure due to severe refractory septic shock, it is decided to initiate therapy with an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) system. During cannulation, the child goes into cardiac arrest, What would be the correct course of action to take?:
Continue cannulation and initiate CPR-ECMO.
Stop the cannulation and start conventional CPR.
Administer a bolus of 20 ml per Kg of body weight of saline solution and start conventional CPR.
Nursing
Continue with the cannulation, in case it is needed later. Meanwhile, part of the team initiates conventional CPR.
162
2
0d9c2535-cf22-4690-baba-728272b297d5
2022
Regarding the evaluation of the nutritional status of older people using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scale, it is true that:
The assessment of dysphagia using MNA (items E and F) represents one of its main advantages over other scales that do not include the assessment of this problem.
The MNA is not considered the most commonly used nutritional assessment method for older adults because it does not use laboratory data.
The MNA classifies patients into 4 categories: well-nourished, at risk of malnutrition, moderate malnutrition, and severe malnutrition.
Nursing
The MNA can detect malnutrition before biochemical and anthropometric alterations appear.
163
3
2ef4cde1-9041-4dd1-a2cd-b64e458cfe1a
2022
What is one of the requirements that a patient requesting euthanasia in Spain must meet and accredit to receive assistance to die?
Have Spanish nationality or legal residency in Spain or a certificate proving a stay in Spanish territory exceeding twelve months.
Suffering from a serious illness and having Spanish nationality or legal residency for at least 24 months.
Certify a chronic illness for at least 12 months.
Nursing
Certificate of residence in Spain for a period of 2 years, or longer.
165
2
05db7573-af2b-4fbc-bf57-73a915720124
2022
What do we mean when we talk about refractory symptom?:
That symptom easy to treat by addressing the cause that produced it, within a reasonable time frame.
That which cannot be adequately controlled with the available treatments, applied by expert professionals, within a reasonable timeframe.
That palliative symptom which requires the management of opioids for its control in end-of-life situations.
Nursing
That symptom which appears when the disease becomes chronic.
166
1
ee460f75-fbf1-4876-b4f0-fcb0238a8aa3
2022
The process of erroneously attributing physical symptoms to mental illness, resulting in the underdiagnosis of physical diseases and delay in treatment, is referred to as:
Metabolic Syndrome.
Somatic Symptom Disorder.
Phenomenon of passivity.
Nursing
Diagnostic eclipse.
167
3
960148a8-4dfe-4278-9e9b-1434f36f63fb
2022
Indicate the incorrect answer in relation to Community Assertive Treatment:
The exclusion criterion is suffering from a serious mental disorder.
One of the objectives is to promote the connection with the mental health network.
The interventions of the team are carried out at the patients' homes and/or in their closest environment.
Nursing
Work is carried out through a multidisciplinary team where the accessibility of the professionals and the ability to work as a team are fundamental.
168
2
c44569a6-a454-4282-b057-b567e81ed638
2022
According to the WHO, within the SUPRE program for suicide prevention, what recommendation would not be indicated in the care of a person with suicidal ideation and/or planning?
Work through suicidal feelings, encourage the person to speak openly about loss, isolation and lack of worth.
Negotiate a contract, ensuring that the person promises not to commit suicide without previously contacting healthcare personnel or for a specific period of time.
Use the ambivalence felt by the suicidal individual to strengthen the desire to live.
Nursing
Ensure the person that confidentiality will be maintained if they request it.
169
3
db7e8e8c-a3b6-4baa-ab93-b561f6d9dceb
2022
What instrument is used for early evaluation and detection of eating disorders?
SCOFF Questionnaire.
Body Mass Index.
PANSS Scale.
Nursing
Scale of the Nine Silhouettes.
170
2
9a12dd17-e803-46b9-8d46-ace05471c38a
2022
A patient comes to the nursing consultation for follow-up of his clozapine treatment. Indicate which of the following nursing interventions would be appropriate:
Perform health education on the management of hypoglycemia.
Schedule blood tests every three months to check that the levels of clozapine in the blood are within the therapeutic range.
Schedule weight checks to detect weight losses associated with the treatment.
Nursing
Explain to the patient that they need to report any changes in tobacco and coffee consumption in order to adjust the dose of clozapine.
171
3
48ed251a-0594-4645-89a5-2b31a34fb1e7
2022
Which of the following symptoms is considered a "negative symptom" in schizophrenia:
Affective flattening.
Auditory hallucinations.
Delusional ideas of paranoid content.
Nursing
Extravagant behavior.
172
2
409646c2-77a5-4e70-8ffe-f12dd6957bb5
2022
A distorted body image that is not associated with low body weight or an intense fear of gaining weight, would be characteristic of:
Somatoform disorder.
Nervous anorexia.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
Nursing
Nervous Bulimia.
173
4
5bee2d2c-4cb5-4cf0-a85b-c73ff9d2951c
2022
The preventive effect that responsible communication through the media can have on suicidal behavior, following established guidelines and giving visibility to the problem of suicide, is called:
Papageno Effect.
Werther Effect.
Mandela Effect.
Nursing
Copycat Effect.
174
2
9a67ac70-fcc7-472d-bf6a-2849c96c7adc
2022
A false judgment of reality, held with conviction by the person, incomprehensible and irrefutable, which generates subjective discomfort or interferes with the socio-labor functioning of the affected person, is called:
Hallucinosis.
Delusional idea.
Twilight state.
Nursing
Obsessive idea.
175
1
a29e9114-58e1-4a13-b6c0-536ea04aecf9
2022
Among the nursing care for a person who suffers from hallucinations, indicate the intervention that would not be appropriate:
Show interest in the content of the hallucinations to check if this could be harmful to the patient.
Encourage the person to undertake a "reality check", by verifying the reality of the hallucinations with trusted individuals.
Use assertiveness to validate the content of the hallucinations.
Nursing
Administer neuroleptics and/or anxiolytics as per medical prescription.
176
4
12033ccd-5af5-43d3-8a41-e87f4192e222
2022
Which of the following alterations is characteristic of cerebral frontal syndrome?
Receptive aphasia or Wernicke's aphasia.
Apathy and uninhibited behavior.
Immediate memory deficits.
Nursing
Auditory hallucinations.
177
1
fd4b7a44-0b48-4333-825f-09141fd008e6
2022
According to the latest recommendations from the Program for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, in the prevention of social isolation in older people, all are true except:
The Gijón and OARS (Social Resources Scale) are validated tools for the assessment of social isolation and are commonly used in Primary Care.
Being ≥75 years old, having no children, or being retired are considered risk factors for social isolation.
In order to implement prevention measures, it is necessary to identify individuals at risk of isolation, have methods to assess isolation, develop interventions aimed at prevention, and create future strategies to avoid it.
Nursing
Although there is not enough evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to improve social isolation, those that seem to be most effective are those that offer a social activity and/or support within a group format in which talks are organized promoting behaviorist learning.
178
3
4e8281aa-20f0-4818-9efc-ac767ebc532a
2022
A 4-year-old boy comes for a well-child review accompanied by his father. Which of the following is one of the physical activity, sedentary behavior, and screen time recommendations that the nurse will give to the father?
Promote being physically active for at least 120 minutes a day, distributed throughout the day, not dedicating more than 30 consecutive minutes, when awake, to sedentary activities and not spending time in front of a screen.
Promote physical activity for at least 180 minutes per day spread throughout the day, not dedicating more than 1 continuous hour, when awake, to sedentary activities and not spending more than 1 hour per day in front of a screen.
Promote that they are physically active for at least 60 minutes a day, spread throughout the day, not dedicating more than 60 continuous minutes, when they are awake, to sedentary activities, and not spending more than 60 minutes a day in front of a screen.
Nursing
Promote being physically active for at least 150 minutes a day, spread throughout the day, not dedicating more than 120 minutes, when awake, to sedentary activities and not spending more than 30 minutes in front of a screen.
179
1
104cef6a-f303-4287-a367-9a396c0567c8
2022