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Cellular detoxification reactions take place in: | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. | Mitochondria. | Golgi Apparatus. | Biology | Lysosomes. | 39 | 2 | 9a475683-7570-4d79-9ef2-f6834a5f7e9f | 2021 |
Which of the following channels and transporters is an ATPase?: | The aquaporins. | ABC type transporters. | The Na+-glucose co-transporters of epithelial cells that line the intestine. | Biology | Voltage-dependent Na+ channels. | 40 | 1 | c933ae3c-970b-4d71-b822-e451a1d1567c | 2021 |
The signal peptide is a peptide sequence that: | It binds to the proteasomes. | It binds to an ionotropic type receptor. | Determines the fate of a protein. | Biology | It is found in the zona pellucida of the ovum. | 41 | 4 | 45a562e7-163a-4151-92aa-911d8b2515ba | 2021 |
Dynamin directly intervenes in the: | Insertion of cholesterol into the plasma membrane. | Fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. | Formation of vesicles. | Biology | Mitochondrial protein translocation. | 42 | 4 | 79cdc2ff-7b1e-4725-8b92-562b99d7801a | 2021 |
A homeodomain, as well as a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is: | The central part of the kinetochore. | A structural part of proteins that allows them to attach to DNA. | The region of the DNA where secondary transcription regulatory factors bind. | Biology | The coding region of DNA. | 43 | 1 | b666d241-9083-4ca2-b9e6-21aafd9bae1b | 2021 |
For a protein to be transported to the lysosomes, it must: | To be marked with glucose-6-phosphate. | Focus on the membrane of the RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum). | To be marked with a mannose-6-phosphate. | Biology | Have an acidic group. | 44 | 4 | 702dff29-0443-4120-9444-6d6a262d5e8f | 2021 |
The nucleolar organizer contains DNA sequences: | Single copy for rRNA. | Repeated for rRNA. | Single copy for mRNA. | Biology | Repeated for tRNA. | 45 | 1 | a2466e9c-20ae-4631-a456-0e13c9657225 | 2021 |
Which of the following cells synthesizes histamine and heparin?: | The plasma cells. | The eosinophils. | Mast cells or basophils. | Biology | The macrophages. | 46 | 4 | 22577f10-ddf9-420b-8eae-94e302c71e67 | 2021 |
Which cells have a scalloped edge with protonic pumps that acidify the cell exterior, destroying the tissue close to them? | Osteoclasts. | Osteocytes. | Chondroblasts. | Biology | Osteoblasts. | 47 | 2 | 4a5d0a9f-df61-4432-b6f9-d39453200677 | 2021 |
The somas of the neurons: | They are located in the white matter of the central nervous system. | They contain basophilic granules (Nissl bodies or clumps). | They have a small, heterochromatic nucleus with an underdeveloped nucleolus. | Biology | They segregate the myelin. | 48 | 1 | dd58fda3-6f2e-44ac-8706-ce71c24c349e | 2021 |
The acidic hydrolases are enzymes inherent to: | Endoplasmic reticulum. | Mitochondria. | Nucleus. | Biology | Lysosomes. | 49 | 3 | df5d6ef0-4c30-462d-a59f-82c31a184942 | 2021 |
In the skin, keratin originates in the epidermal stratum granulosum and is the combination of: | Thick filaments and chondroitin. | Filarina and mucoitin-sulfates. | Tonofibrils and kerato-hyaline granules. | Biology | Desmin and thick filaments. | 51 | 4 | 96772abe-ad65-431b-80a8-23e8d1efc418 | 2021 |
In the acinus of the exocrine pancreas, zymogen granules are accumulated whose digestive content is rich in: | Exclusively secretases. | Endopeptidases, among other enzymes. | Alkaline phosphatases. | Biology | Exclusively trypsinogen. | 52 | 1 | cbfd2934-d88f-4a47-b931-551b46e701e0 | 2021 |
It is false that lymphocytes: | Th2 produces IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. | Th1 produces IL-2. | Th17 produce IL-17. | Biology | Th2 produces IFN gamma. | 53 | 3 | e8c21ec3-a5b6-45d1-a887-2063305e26c8 | 2021 |
Which of the following lymphoid organs is primary?: | Thymus. | Tonsils. | Lymph node. | Biology | Peyer's Patches. | 54 | 2 | b168162b-9dd3-46f3-a267-3409809ee6a7 | 2021 |
Where can we find Toll-like receptors (TLR) in cells? | Inside the nucleus. | Free in the cytoplasm. | In the plasma membrane. | Biology | In the nuclear membrane. | 56 | 4 | 90915a94-ef2f-449a-8085-0bf19fe4423e | 2021 |
Which immunoglobulin can form polymers? | IgD. | IgE. | IgG. | Biology | IgA. | 58 | 3 | fa798136-fed7-4220-ac31-41d44112cc3e | 2021 |
What is a graft transplanted between subjects of different species called? | Xenograft. | Allograft. | Isoinjurt. | Biology | Autograft. | 59 | 2 | ffb60316-a564-4103-b4b5-23ea18cc04d2 | 2021 |
Which chemokine receptor does HIV use as a receptor to infect lymphocytes? | CCR6. | CXCR4. | CCR7. | Biology | CXCR3. | 60 | 1 | ad230594-6f45-41a0-9ad9-c7c6bc891c99 | 2021 |
IgE participates in immunity against: | Bacteria. | Helminthic parasites. | Fungi. | Biology | Virus. | 61 | 1 | 7e7298b0-3b6d-4d82-a218-2d15f9c610fc | 2021 |
Which cells are not of myeloid lineage? | NK cells. | Basophils. | Monocytes. | Biology | Erythrocytes. | 62 | 2 | 1b79fdfd-99e7-44d0-aad7-03633932226e | 2021 |
it is not considered a primary immunodeficiency associated with a monogenic defect that affects T lymphocytes: | Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. | DiGeorge Syndrome. | Job's Syndrome or Hyper IgE Syndrome. | Biology | Good Syndrome. | 63 | 3 | 8f59b63c-808c-4c99-a467-69f9a14dc14f | 2021 |
In which of the following human diseases does a type I hypersensitivity reaction not occur?: | Bronchial asthma due to mites. | Anaphylaxis from wasp sting. | Hay fever. | Biology | Latex contact dermatitis. | 64 | 3 | 4a43542a-32a7-4ad7-b78a-29f27381593d | 2021 |
is not found on the surface of human dendritic cells or macrophages: | TLR2. | TLR1. | TLR4. | Biology | TLR3. | 65 | 3 | 0d46b9a0-7b0f-4611-9fdc-1c2c3be3e176 | 2021 |
Indicate what characteristic corresponds with the innate immune response: | Memory. | Specificity. | Phagocytosis. | Biology | Polyclonal expansion. | 66 | 4 | 0f32ebc2-492a-4f07-8e8f-a7da387cae87 | 2021 |
In which phase of the adaptive immune response does the clonal expansion of lymphocytes take place? | Lymphocyte activation. | Antigen recognition. | Memory. | Biology | Elimination of the antigen. | 67 | 2 | f37d15b4-66b8-497d-a82b-9d1d6341aac2 | 2021 |
In which function do chemokines not participate?: | Organogenesis. | Cellular migration. | Antigen processing. | Biology | Hematopoiesis. | 68 | 4 | dc955a8e-9b0b-4cd5-86e6-a00b38df8bc5 | 2021 |
What type of lymphocytes predominantly expand and are associated with the initial adaptive immune response to HIV virus infection? | CD4+ T cells. | B lymphocytes. | CD8+ T cells. | Biology | NK. | 69 | 4 | 2c6d7a58-ae52-48ca-9bc8-7dc2e834b29e | 2021 |
It is expressed on the surface of CD8 lymphocytes: | CD3. | B lymphocyte receptor. | CD19. | Biology | CD4. | 70 | 2 | 64633760-72fb-4300-bae1-b0a26b9f1161 | 2021 |
Which of the following immunoglobulin isotypes is most abundant in the body's mucous membranes?: | IgE. | IgG. | IgA. | Biology | IgM. | 71 | 4 | 0d1b15c4-a926-40da-bb2b-0d1dcf0dd52f | 2021 |
The positive selection of T lymphocytes takes place in: | The thymus. | The spleen. | Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. | Biology | The bone marrow. | 72 | 2 | c58c5881-10b1-4ae1-9dbd-029bb2c099f9 | 2021 |
Which of the following cells is not an antigen-presenting cell?: | T lymphocyte. | B Lymphocyte. | Dendritic cell. | Biology | Macrophage. | 73 | 2 | f2770a31-3c95-4108-8777-ca7c91efd3fa | 2021 |
Which epithelial cells of the digestive mucosa transport antigens to the lymphocytes of the submucosa? | Macrophages. | Enterocytes. | Dendritic cells. | Biology | M. Cells. | 74 | 3 | 70a8af87-6b59-4ae9-a4d8-76db5b724415 | 2021 |
Which characteristic of the telomere is correct?: | It is a chromosomal constriction. | It is constituted by tandem repetitions of short sequences. | The DNA that constitutes it encodes for the telomerase gene. | Biology | It is the binding site of fibers from the mitotic spindle. | 75 | 1 | 52ca6f4d-4ad8-45a3-ba79-ed315eb97fad | 2021 |
A polycistronic RNA: | It is an immature RNA, with introns. | It has several coding sequences, in tandem. | It has several repeated sequences, in tandem. | Biology | It results from an alternative splicing. | 76 | 1 | 0dc1b4ac-86ef-4217-b6c6-bac1dc7eca45 | 2021 |
Monozygotic twins, over the years, develop different patterns of cytosine methylation and histone acetylation. This implies different: | Mutation patterns. | Gene expression patterns. | Allelic endowment for the same genes. | Biology | Genotypes. | 77 | 1 | 34b80800-ca85-471b-ab22-2214ccd20f3d | 2021 |
What mechanism can explain why Huntington's disease in a family may manifest at an increasingly earlier age? | Presence of a transposable element in the gene. | Expansion of a nucleotide triplet in the coding sequence of the gene. | Genetic imprinting. | Biology | Hypermethylation of the promoter. | 78 | 1 | 5cbc3f00-c1fd-427a-9fe0-59dc2a377500 | 2021 |
The presence of two distinct karyotypes in the same individual is called: | Compound heterozygosity. | Mosaicism. | Heterodisomy. | Biology | Aneuploidy. | 79 | 1 | 4b633dc9-7feb-4b72-9e02-9ea8cee950a9 | 2021 |
Which of the following methods does not accurately quantify DNA?: | Absolute quantification with products based on the TaqMan system. | Ultraviolet spectroscopy to measure DNA absorbance. | Fluorometry with fluorescent molecules binding to DNA. | Biology | Agarose gel electrophoresis. | 80 | 3 | 56871592-c293-4d4b-82ce-db0dabe47a09 | 2021 |
What is the probability of developing a disease with recessive inheritance linked to the X chromosome for the daughters of a couple formed by a healthy man and a heterozygous woman? | 50 %. | 100 %. | 0 %. | Biology | 25 %. | 82 | 4 | 56a60098-74cb-484a-b8ac-61e2046b99e4 | 2021 |
Individuals who carry reciprocal chromosomal translocations in their germ cells result in: | Triploid gametes. | Genetically unbalanced gametes. | Recessive alleles with higher frequency. | Biology | Higher rates of meiotic recombination. | 83 | 1 | 897dfc5e-d041-4365-9d7d-422cc5febfe5 | 2021 |
Which of the following statements corresponds to the VDJ recombination that immunoglobulin genes undergo?: | It takes place during meiosis. | It involves the formation of Holliday intermediates. | It is a special type of mRNA maturation. | Biology | It occurs in somatic cells. | 84 | 3 | 3266ff6f-cf02-4cb3-ab3c-a3cc43977916 | 2021 |
Which of the following processes contributes to limiting the rates of spontaneous mutation?: | The exonuclease activity of DNA polymerases in the direction of 3' to 5'. | The production of free radicals. | The chromatin assembly of DNA. | Biology | The increase in the level of polyploidy. | 85 | 2 | f5d7eb14-54e9-44af-ac5e-2e4680e6ee0c | 2021 |
What consequence does the alternative processing of introns have on the precursors of mRNA? | Allows expressing more than one different protein from the same gene. | Counteracts the presence of non-functional alleles. | Allows the transcription of a gene in opposite directions. | Biology | It contributes to the reversal of mutations in that gene. | 86 | 2 | 8b10d58c-f6b1-4b97-a0d0-97f0c4452d3d | 2021 |
Which of these events occurs during meiosis?: | Circularization of chromosomes. | Pairing of homologous chromosomes. | Programmed hypermutation of the genome. | Biology | Removal of one of the two sister chromatids. | 87 | 1 | 8d570b3f-7e50-4f1d-9839-a8a1d747408a | 2021 |
What can be said about human genes in which genomic imprinting operates? | They are linked to the X chromosome. | They mutate in every generation. | They are expressed based on the sex of the parent from which they originate. | Biology | They are expressed only if the individual is male. | 88 | 4 | c2c827fc-f10c-480f-9777-82716dbfde76 | 2021 |
The translation of an already processed mRNA begins at the methionine codon that corresponds with: | AUG. | AUA. | UAG. | Biology | GUA. | 89 | 2 | 3a46fcdb-2568-4644-878d-172ad5cbd97d | 2021 |
The Turner Syndrome appears in: | XO Women. | YO Males. | Women XXX. | Biology | XXY Males. | 90 | 2 | 8852aa76-5b8b-43b2-a2d8-a67bfbbc3054 | 2021 |
The heterochromatin corresponds to the DNA: | Not transcriptionally active rolling. | Transcriptionally active condensate. | Not transcriptionally inactive uncoiled. | Biology | Transcriptionally inactive condensate. | 91 | 3 | 2c5e5c19-b4e0-46a4-974b-166ba844b34c | 2021 |
The syndrome known as "cat's cry" is characterized by: | A deletion in chromosome 5. | A duplication in chromosome 5. | A deletion in chromosome 6. | Biology | An inversion in chromosome 5. | 93 | 2 | 94241853-b7b6-49ce-ae5c-b336b093e1e6 | 2021 |
Where are the primers synthesized on the lagging strand? | In several places within an Okazaki fragment. | At the start of each Okazaki fragment. | Only at the 5' end of the recently synthesized chain. | Biology | Only at the 3' end of the recently synthesized chain. | 94 | 1 | 05126529-f18d-48ee-97a8-b6956b18bcfc | 2021 |
What will be the proportion of offspring from a color-blind man with a normally sighted woman whose father is color-blind? | Half of the male and half of the female colorblind individuals. | All colorblind. | All with normal vision. | Biology | All colorblind males and all females with normal vision. | 95 | 2 | 49371d92-097b-4fb9-9199-7e76590d29d6 | 2021 |
The sigma factor of the RNA polymerase is necessary for: | The stabilization of the enzyme. | The binding of the polymerase to the promoter. | The termination of transcription. | Biology | Elongation during transcription. | 96 | 1 | a2b3076f-63ff-4448-8a09-81f7e279b611 | 2021 |
DNA replication is: | Dispersive. | Conservative. | Conservative in prokaryotes and semiconservative in eukaryotes. | Biology | Semiconservative. | 97 | 3 | b05d91d3-69e9-419d-9039-c911d3b5b1d3 | 2021 |
During DNA replication, the DNA helicase: | Eliminates the torsion of supercoiling. | Unwinds the replication fork. | Does not participate in DNA replication. | Biology | Replication begins at the oriC. | 98 | 1 | ccc203f6-2336-412b-957d-7828db50ccdf | 2021 |
The random error: | It can be predicted. | It affects the accuracy or reliability of the study. | It is reduced by decreasing the size of the sample. | Biology | It cannot be quantified. | 99 | 1 | 7c506f6c-1055-43f6-bcd8-6f4da3219bb1 | 2021 |
The diagnostic sensitivity is the proportion of true positives. | Positives among the sick. | Negatives among the healthy. | Positives among those who have a positive result. | Biology | Negatives among those who have a negative result. | 100 | 2 | 068f00ac-f923-41f3-bafd-fe175f1d06a0 | 2021 |
The area under the ROC curve: | A value of 0.5 represents a test with little diagnostic power. | A value of 1 indicates that the test has no diagnostic power. | It represents the agreement between observers when the variable is categorical through proportions. | Biology | It has values ranging between 1 and infinity. | 101 | 2 | 1f4a424e-5dbe-4ab2-840c-e793183c4c25 | 2021 |
The inconsistency index of 80% indicates: | Medium heterogeneity. | That there is low heterogeneity. | That there is no heterogeneity. | Biology | Substantial heterogeneity. | 103 | 3 | d865164e-26f3-4d87-9336-767f5c3630eb | 2021 |
The affinity of hemoglobin for O2: | It decreases when the pH value is less than 7.4. | It increases when the pH value is less than 7.4. | It is not modified by the change in pH in the tissues. | Biology | It is structurally located in the same catalytic site as the 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. | 104 | 2 | ce73d5c0-d118-4102-8250-8125d078843a | 2021 |
In proteins, those amino acids with ionizable chains: | They possess aromatic groups that enhance their hydrophobicity. | They are all essential, and must be taken in the diet. | They are capable of both forming ionic bonds and donating or accepting protons to facilitate reactions. | Biology | They tend to group together inside the protein, away from the watery environment of the cell. | 105 | 4 | 0dd9010a-e9e9-4b37-9066-83aec06b8f30 | 2021 |
Collagen is a protein that: | It forms a structure of an antiparallel beta folded leaf about 3,000 Angstroms in length. | It forms a typical alpha-helix. | It is characterized by lacking the amino acid proline in its composition. | Biology | It forms a helix different from the alpha, which is called a triple-strand collagen helix that is stabilized by steric repulsions. | 106 | 3 | b2574d3a-f7cc-4eed-9c6a-3f17d5c65c68 | 2021 |
Which of the following statements about the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is correct?: | One of the products of the reaction is an acetate thioester. | Uses NAD+, lipoic acid, pyridoxal phosphate, and FAD as coenzymes of the reaction. | The reaction is so important that it occurs at maximum speed under all conditions and in all cells. | Biology | The methyl group of pyruvate is eliminated as CO2. | 107 | 2 | d977984b-d515-49b6-89ca-8bdef73b361d | 2021 |
The polypeptide chains of a protein: | They can crosslink through disulfide bonds of two cysteines. | They always form structures in alpha-helix. | They have an equimolecular composition of the 20 natural amino acids. | Biology | They join other polypeptide chains through their N-terminal end via proline or hydroxyproline. | 108 | 2 | 3a0e3c98-02b4-4d49-8be3-276ce471e17c | 2021 |
The lipoprotein lipase participates in: | The intestinal transport of dietary lipids. | The degradation of triacylglycerols from chylomicrons to provide fatty acids to different tissues. | The degradation of triacylglycerols stored intracellularly to provide fatty acids as energy fuel. | Biology | The degradation of lipoproteins to provide amino acids. | 109 | 1 | f212c31f-a924-46fc-9695-4b7ec03b524d | 2021 |
The charge that glycine has in a solution at pH 13 is: | Without charge. | Positive (+1). | Negative (-2). | Biology | Negative (-1). | 110 | 3 | e0349fdc-3e68-4f26-9cd6-1bfba717a1f3 | 2021 |
The correct statement about enzymes and enzymatic kinetics is: | An enzyme shows greater affinity for the substrate the higher its Km value is. | The speed of an enzymatic reaction is independent of the enzyme concentration. | The loss of an enzyme's activity entails the loss of its primary structure. | Biology | At very high substrate concentrations, the reaction rate is zero order with respect to substrate concentration. | 111 | 3 | 322171d9-6c1f-427a-bc96-2facf0d862da | 2021 |
The correct statement about the secondary structure of proteins is: | The connection between α and β conformations is made through a rotation that contains Trp. | In the α-helix, the –R groups of the amino acids are located towards the interior of the helical structure. | The amino acids proline and glycine are very common in the α helix. | Biology | The α helix is stabilized by the formation of intrachain hydrogen bridges between NH and CO groups of the main chain. | 112 | 3 | b3847c91-7d5f-4e36-9008-e40624fef096 | 2021 |
The correct statement about the structure of sphingolipids is: | Sphingomyelins, gangliosides, and cerebrosides are different types of sphingolipids. | The basic structure of sphingolipids consists of glycerol bound to a phosphate group. | The formation of an ester bond between a hydroxyl group of sphingosine and a carboxyl group of a fatty acid results in ceramide. | Biology | In the structure of sphingolipids, we find two fatty acids esterifying two hydroxyl groups of sphingosine. | 113 | 2 | b52b79cf-e29b-4d9c-89d6-afaf02846fc0 | 2021 |
The most frequent causes of Cushing's syndrome in our environment are: | The pituitary adenomas that produce adrenocorticotropin. | Cortisol-producing adrenal tumors. | Adrenocorticotropic hormone producing adrenal tumors. | Biology | Non-pituitary adrenocorticotropin-producing tumors. | 114 | 2 | 276d6c56-3538-405b-a3e9-edb3dedd1a2e | 2021 |
Primary hyperaldosteronism is associated with: | Hypotension, retention of K+ and increase in the excretion of Na+. | Hypotension, retention of Na+ and increase in the excretion of K+. | Hypertension, retention of Na+ and increase in the excretion of K+. | Biology | Hypertension, retention of K+ and increase in the excretion of Na+. | 115 | 4 | e752d908-52cf-41db-a18f-d7175a342b94 | 2021 |
Prediabetes is defined as: | Glycosylated hemoglobin values higher than 7%. | Blood glucose after 8 hours of fasting between 100 and 125 mg/dL. | Detection of glucose in urine after oral glucose overload (75 g). | Biology | Blood glucose level exceeds 200 mg/dL two hours after oral glucose tolerance test (75 g). | 116 | 1 | 337d1c11-1db4-4ed2-bd7e-434872a12f54 | 2021 |
Regarding the colon cancer screening program, it is not true that: | The target population is those at intermediate risk between the ages of 50 and 69. | The immunochemical test for quantification of human hemoglobin in stools is the most suitable and efficient method in early detection of colon cancer. | The guaiac method is used in colon cancer screening programs for the detection of hemoglobin in stools. | Biology | The personal history of presence of colon cancer is an exclusion criterion for the program. | 118 | 4 | 656ee2aa-df6b-4c88-a29c-2a16bec49d88 | 2021 |
The BRCA1 gene is studied in susceptibility to cancer of: | Breast. | Lung. | Thyroid. | Biology | Colon. | 119 | 2 | 4f4437eb-d28a-4a9d-90ba-08c0022ed6f5 | 2021 |
The most suitable tumor marker for serous ovarian adenocarcinoma is: | Human epididymal protein type 4. | Carcinoembryonic antigen. | Ca 19.9. | Biology | Alpha-fetoprotein. | 120 | 2 | 94461e09-fab7-4858-8f8e-aa0bb8b8f5d8 | 2021 |
In a patient who has undergone a total thyroidectomy for a differentiated papillary type thyroid cancer, the tumor marker of choice for follow-up is: | Free thyroxine. | Thyrotropin. | Calcitonin. | Biology | Thyroglobulin. | 121 | 3 | 47d8741d-45d6-4855-84f0-085e64a8c074 | 2021 |
is not considered a normal value in the basic semen analysis according to the World Health Organization's reference values (2010): | 52% progressive mobility of spermatozoa. | 10% of normal forms in the spermatozoa. | Ejaculate volume of 0.8 mL. | Biology | Sperm concentration of 15 million/mL. | 123 | 4 | 602d9d56-c9fc-4b56-9491-a6b65c144d73 | 2021 |
Regarding erectile dysfunction, it is false that: | After evaluating neurological and vascular causes, among other parameters, testosterone, LH and TSH should be studied. | The most frequent etiological diagnosis is psychogenic erectile dysfunction. | Hyperprolactinemia is an infrequent cause of erectile dysfunction, although it should be considered. | Biology | It is defined as the persistent inability to develop or maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse and ejaculation in 15% of attempts. | 124 | 3 | 4c19d9fb-28c0-4dc1-b909-8de330efeb18 | 2021 |
Regarding immunoglobulins in the plasma of healthy individuals: | IgA represents 50% of the total. | IgG accounts for 70-75% of the total. | IgE constitutes 35% of the total. | Biology | IgD constitutes 20% of the total. | 125 | 1 | 79b35d81-9971-43ab-b9c0-7b2f2464f104 | 2021 |
In relation to the proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid: | The oligoclonal bands are pathognomonic of multiple sclerosis. | Elevated levels of neurogranin have negative predictive value for Alzheimer's disease. | The elevation of basic myelin protein is a good prognostic factor in demyelinating neurological diseases. | Biology | The determination of the concentrations of isoforms of the β-amyloid protein and the Tau protein may be useful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. | 126 | 3 | 199ffd8f-102f-4d84-9964-ac15b6bfe856 | 2021 |
The cut-off point for cardiac troponin in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is: | 90th percentile of the upper limit of the reference population. | 68th percentile of the upper limit of the reference population. | 99th percentile of the upper limit of the reference population. | Biology | 95th percentile of the upper limit of the reference population. | 127 | 4 | 07b22416-82ca-4959-b56f-af06aa472e23 | 2021 |
The method usually used in the clinical laboratory to determine the levels of troponin in serum is: | Colorimetry. | Enzyme immunoassay. | Indirect immunofluorescence. | Biology | Radioimmunoassay. | 129 | 1 | c9998486-a299-4f2c-9295-ab49dc46ca93 | 2021 |
It is correct that for the diagnosis of myocardial injury, the use of troponin has: | Low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. | A high sensitivity and diagnostic specificity. | A low diagnostic sensitivity and a high diagnostic specificity. | Biology | A high diagnostic sensitivity and a low diagnostic specificity. | 130 | 1 | 3ea540ff-0c9a-40f8-8e55-0bde8368b95d | 2021 |
The oligonucleotides between 18 and 25 bases, used in PCR are referred to by any of these terms except: | Primers. | Primers. | Stutters. | Biology | Primers. | 131 | 4 | df1bd7d9-071f-4c3a-8ee2-5af83a576ed1 | 2021 |
The term "proofreading" applied to DNA polymerases, is used when: | They are ready to conduct tests with them. | They are ready for direct use. | They cannot be used to amplify viral vectors, even if they are DNA viruses. | Biology | They have a corrective activity for replication errors, in addition to polymerase activity. | 132 | 3 | 6b69fa49-6f0d-4cee-bfc7-819d032a57db | 2021 |
All of the following are DNA or RNA sequencing techniques, except: | Sanger-based sequencing or terminator sequencing. | Chemical sequencing or Maxham and Gilbert sequencing. | Edman reagent-based sequencing. | Biology | Pyrosequencing. | 133 | 4 | 24752c0d-cc6b-4d05-baff-c98a8cfa35e1 | 2021 |
it is not an indispensable component/s of the "master mix" in a PCR reaction: | Primers. | Polymerase. | Deoxyribonucleotides. | Biology | DMSO. | 134 | 3 | 221de60c-c191-4cac-a9be-43a8d19d9b77 | 2021 |
it is not a DNA extraction method based on: | Ammonium sulfate. | Phenol-chloroform. | Paramagnetic beads. | Biology | Hyperosmolar solutions or "salting-out". | 135 | 2 | b496b90f-731d-4a54-91d2-77cd893bb8af | 2021 |
The main known epigenetic modifications are: | Changes in chromatin structure due to disulfide bridges. | Errors in the transcription of DNA to RNA. | Histone methylation and DNA acetylation causing irreversible mutations. | Biology | DNA methylation, regulation of chromatin conformation through histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. | 136 | 3 | 4660cd2c-e496-41cc-805c-9ed81c8d457b | 2021 |
In the genetic analysis of circulating DNA in the plasma of a patient with metastatic cancer: | Mutations are found in the circulating DNA originating from the tumor cell, and unmutated DNA does not circulate. | Genetic material is not found in the plasma of a cancer patient. | Specific cancer mutations can be found and, if quantified, their concentration is proportional to the size of the tumor. | Biology | Only the classic protein tumor markers have clinical utility. | 137 | 4 | fa4b1d7b-b4c9-48d3-8b58-b6b53b2fccb0 | 2021 |
The diagnosis of the fetal sex is determined during gestation in a non-invasive manner for the fetus: | There is no sure way to determine the sex of the fetus before birth. | Only in umbilical cord blood. | By ultrasonic analysis in week 7 of gestation. | Biology | In the pregnant woman's plasma, through molecular analysis of genetic regions belonging to the Y chromosome from the 7th week of gestation. | 138 | 3 | 6105e692-397a-4864-94cd-4523257391c0 | 2021 |
The non-invasive prenatal test in the pregnant woman's plasma to detect trisomy 21 in the fetus: | It can be detected by massive sequencing techniques of the circulating DNA of the mother from the 10th week of gestation when the concentration of fetal DNA is equal to or greater than 4%. | It has very low sensitivity and is not recommended as a screening in any clinical scenario. | There is not enough data to consider this technique as a clinically useful test. | Biology | It can be detected by massive sequencing techniques of the mother's circulating DNA from the 3rd week of gestation. | 139 | 2 | f8ef6d59-9936-4d06-9273-a8eff33b3857 | 2021 |
Bacteria from the Listeria genus, morphologically are: | Gram-positive cocci. | Gram-negative bacilli. | None of the above. | Biology | Gram-positive bacilli. | 140 | 3 | eab4f121-fece-4c4a-b07a-bb8abcf2461a | 2021 |
The genera Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella have in common: | They do not have lipopolysaccharide in their cell wall. | They are strictly anaerobic microorganisms. | They belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family and are characterized by having an extracytoplasmic outer membrane. | Biology | They are very sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin. | 141 | 4 | c5fa1def-530e-464d-a9b3-bc309ea99169 | 2021 |
In relation to the microbiological diagnosis of seasonal flu, it is correct: | Serological tests allow us to detect the infection within the first 3-4 days following contagion. | There are no reliable methods currently available. | Molecular tests (PCR) show higher sensitivity than those based on antigens. | Biology | The tests based on the virus's antigens have low specificity. | 142 | 4 | 87d52881-a1be-432e-83fb-2324cb4957c4 | 2021 |
The broth microdilution, the disc diffusion agar, or the concentration gradient strip method, are microbiological techniques that allow: | Establish the pharmacokinetics of an antibiotic. | Determine the mechanism of action of an antibiotic. | None of the above. | Biology | Understand the in vitro activity of an antibiotic. | 143 | 3 | 9926bfdc-30a9-449e-8238-d110538d8e39 | 2021 |
Regarding the species Corynebacterium urealyticum, it is false that: | It is sensitive to vancomycin. | It is a slow-growing Gram-positive bacillus. | It is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections. | Biology | It has strong urease activity. | 144 | 4 | 6e037341-6eec-4376-936a-4c4221118f89 | 2021 |
Which of the following antimicrobials could be used for the treatment of a Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection?: | Imipenem. | Penicillin. | Cefotaxime. | Biology | Ceftaroline. | 145 | 3 | f9e74333-b38d-45af-996b-fd2e75aa2c92 | 2021 |
It is true that: | Rickettsia conorii is the causative agent of Q fever. | Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Mediterranean spotted fever. | Rickettsia conorii does not have the ability to synthesize proteins. | Biology | Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular parasite. | 146 | 3 | e7b95b04-f6fa-4a26-a950-3dfcdce7bd63 | 2021 |
In relation to infections caused by chlamydia, it is false that: | Chlamydia pneumoniae is a causative agent of pneumonia. | Chlamydia psittaci causes conjunctivitis in humans. | Chlamydia trachomatis causes conjunctivitis in humans. | Biology | Chlamydia trachomatis causes urethritis in males. | 147 | 1 | 8253f61a-f408-4f7f-9d1d-f52231820cba | 2021 |
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