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One of the integrated multimodal treatments for psychosis is: | Frank's Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy. | Fairburn's Interpersonal Therapy. | Cheli, Lysaker, and Dimaggio's Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy. | Psychology | Roder, Müller, Brenner, and Spaulding's Integrated Psychological Therapy. | 87 | 3 | a1bf740f-5777-4aea-80cd-252de2389f59 | 2024 |
Regarding the psychological treatment of psychotic disorders: | Family interventions are based on the needs of the patient's relatives. | Social skills training always includes substance abuse management. | The training in social skills includes emotional perception. | Psychology | Family interventions focus on family members taking control of the patient's psychopharmacological treatment. | 88 | 4 | 7e919a85-9abf-4832-b526-14232feda35c | 2024 |
Which of the following is a characteristic of the phenomenological model applied to psychosis?: | It focuses on the neurobiological processes involved in the origin and development of psychotic symptoms. | It focuses on the person's subjective experience and how they relate to themselves, others, and the world. | It focuses on a continuity model that ranges from non-clinical states to reaching clinical levels of psychotic symptoms requiring treatment. | Psychology | It focuses on vulnerability and stress processes, as well as the interaction of biological and environmental factors. | 89 | 1 | 5626e39c-fcaa-4a08-890c-f189355e1f42 | 2024 |
Regarding psychological treatments for problems related to trauma and stress factors, identify the incorrect statement: | Among psychological treatments, we distinguish between treatments focused on trauma and those not focused on trauma. | The techniques of prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring are the most effective in reducing symptoms in victims of sexual assaults or other traumas. | Cognitive processing therapy would be a type of psychological treatment focused on trauma. | Psychology | Stress inoculation training would be a type of psychological treatment focused on trauma. | 90 | 3 | 7dc8ea5f-6f85-4c31-bd84-3deac393a38a | 2024 |
What experience are we referring to when a person tells us that every time they see a photo of their father, they start to hear voices that insult them? | Negative hallucination. | Extracampine hallucination. | Functional hallucination. | Psychology | Reflected hallucination. | 91 | 3 | ceee5132-01b2-4330-af58-812b514292b8 | 2024 |
What is the term for the phenomenon of persistently or repetitively thinking about negative emotions, discomfort symptoms and problems, as well as their possible causes and consequences? | Rumination. | Negative automatic thoughts. | Obsessions. | Psychology | Worries. | 92 | 2 | 6e057dfb-dd1b-443f-8efc-9c402d2b67b0 | 2024 |
What is the name of the type of hallucinations where simple sounds such as noises, beeps, whispers, or footsteps are perceived? | Phonemes. | Acoasmas. | Phantom Smells. | Psychology | Photomas. | 93 | 1 | cf10eeea-19f2-4a1e-a8f7-d2cdd5de88b5 | 2024 |
In which of the following clinical pictures are we most likely to find a Cotard's syndrome? | Manic episode. | Frontotemporal dementia. | Major depressive episode. | Psychology | Temporal lobe epilepsy. | 94 | 4 | 63cc4fbc-72ff-4391-b726-e45743889ae8 | 2024 |
The Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) describes 5 rules that provide suggestions for the therapist's behavior in session. What are they?: | Observe, evoke, reinforce, observe the effect of reinforcement, and interpret. | Observe, reinforce, observe the effect of reinforcement, reformulate clinical behaviors and interpret them. | Observe the effect of reinforcement, evoke, decrease clinically relevant behaviors type 2, increase clinically relevant behaviors type 1 and interpret. | Psychology | Observe, evoke, observe the effect of reinforcement, interpret, and generate alternative hypotheses. | 95 | 2 | ee5cf972-6134-4d93-9dab-6e2becd33c12 | 2024 |
Which of the following strategies is part of the therapeutic process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?: | Help the patient to connect with their personal history, as well as with the contents and rules that control their actions and their effects. | Encourage the patient to merge with their personal values. | Train the patient in controlling their private events so that they can orient themselves towards their personal values. | Psychology | Generate in the patient skills to reduce and treat their aversive thoughts with perspective, formulating alternative explanations. | 96 | 2 | b8752f86-2887-41b4-ba8d-46d666ea4b59 | 2024 |
Regarding the use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in addressing suicidal behavior, which of the following statements is incorrect?: | One of the basic rules of treatment is that a person who commits a suicidal act cannot call their therapist within the next 24 hours. | Within the hierarchy of therapeutic goals, the first objective is to address behaviors that interfere with therapy. | Within change strategies, chain analysis and solution analysis stand out for their utility in addressing suicidal behavior. | Psychology | Its version for teenagers (DBT-A) has been established as the best psychological treatment for addressing suicidal behavior in this population. | 97 | 1 | c182a251-81ee-4484-8816-fe56fa843870 | 2024 |
What type of behaviors do the clinically relevant type 3 behaviors (CCR3) described in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) refer to? | Patient behaviors that constitute a new functional class and are examples of improvement. | Patient behaviors outside of the session that have a functional equivalence with those observed in the therapeutic context. | Behaviors that are part of the patient's problematic functional class and serve an avoidance function. | Psychology | Behaviors, in the form of rules, that include the patient's discriminations about their own behavior and their control elements. | 98 | 3 | d9b0a71a-3dfa-4429-9642-5fa106429f7b | 2024 |
According to the DSM-5, in non-suicidal self-injury: | The most common is that it begins in the early years of adulthood. | The individual repeatedly inflicts non-painful superficial injuries on themselves. | It does not increase the risk of contracting blood-borne diseases. | Psychology | The relief or desired response is experienced during or shortly after self-harm. | 99 | 3 | 176fc5af-a82d-479d-a72c-44047b7bfcf0 | 2024 |
According to the proposal by O’Connor and Nock (2014), the term suicidal behavior specifically refers to: | To the formulation of the method of taking one's own life. | To thoughts about taking one's own life. | Referring to participation in potentially self-destructive behavior where there is, at least, some intention to die as a result of the behavior. | Psychology | To the set of thoughts and behaviors related to intentionally taking one's own life. | 100 | 3 | d54b917d-6b12-4db7-87a2-d980b86d8f28 | 2024 |
According to the ICD-11, the Avoidant or Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): | It includes the intake of an insufficient variety of foods to meet the appropriate energy or nutritional requirements. | Includes the pica syndrome. | Excludes dependency on oral nutritional supplements or tube feeding. | Psychology | It is motivated by concern for weight or body shape. | 101 | 2 | f9ee9e42-398b-4187-ad79-96170232a77d | 2024 |
In Health Psychology, the term "Unrealistic Optimism" refers to: | A cognitive bias in which an individual considers themselves less likely, compared to others, to develop a disease. | The irrational belief that, with today's medical advancements, any disease is potentially curable. | The minimizing messages about the disease that some people convey to their sick relatives in order to reduce their discomfort. | Psychology | The unverified belief that being optimistic is associated with a better progression and prognosis of oncological diseases. | 102 | 2 | 1f7a9452-a3f0-4827-aefc-f07bf97567c1 | 2024 |
The Protection Motivation Theory was developed by Rogers (1985) to expand the Health Belief Model (HBM) of Becker and Maiman (1975). What is the factor that Rogers adds to the HBM? | Susceptibility to disease. | Fear of suffering from the disease. | Perceived benefits of preventive behavior. | Psychology | Severity of the disease. | 103 | 1 | 7d61e922-16b6-4174-8440-30db55cc905a | 2024 |
According to Miller and Rollnick (2015), the "Processes" of Motivational Interviewing are: | Precontemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance. | Link, focus, evoke and plan. | Generate motivation and consolidate commitment. | Psychology | Self-awareness, self-evaluation and self-liberation. | 105 | 1 | 94ce1c8e-1bcd-4152-95c4-f2151d353d21 | 2024 |
What are the "Grief Tasks" proposed by Worden (1991; 2013)?: | Help to accept the reality of loss, assist in expressing sadness, and give meaning to the loss. | Work through the sadness of loss, adapt to a world where the deceased is absent, emotionally reposition the deceased and continue living. | Accepting the reality of the loss, processing the pain, adapting to a world without the deceased, and finding a way to remember the deceased as you embark on a new life. | Psychology | Shock, longing and search, disorganization and reorganization. | 106 | 4 | ca68d3db-bafa-4753-a473-d9e8ac8d3964 | 2024 |
In the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to the treatment of chronic pain, what is the aim of the "Creative Hopelessness" phase? | Assist the patient in weakening the verbal/social context that controls the pain. | Help the patient to perceive the lack of effectiveness of their strategies to combat pain. | Help the patient establish a safe place to live through experiences related to pain. | Psychology | Help the patient develop and implement behavioral plans to change their life. | 107 | 1 | c6ab34d5-03ec-4955-908a-37f88d931a38 | 2024 |
Which of the following cancer coping patterns have been associated with less emotional distress and more appropriate modulation of pain perception?: | Focus on the positive and behavioral escape/avoidance. | Seeking social support and cognitive escape/avoidance. | Seeking social support, focusing on the positive, and distancing. | Psychology | Distancing and escape/avoidance both cognitively and behaviorally. | 108 | 4 | 68ece943-3cb5-4a2d-a1a4-1e0be8cdbf59 | 2024 |
What explanation is proposed from the "Buffering Hypothesis"? | Social support mitigates the damage to health caused by exposure to stress. | Social support improves health by increasing the sense of responsibility for one's own life. | Social support facilitates the performance of healthy behaviors and self-care. | Psychology | People with good social support engage in less health-risk behaviors. | 109 | 2 | f2ef04b8-6c13-4c39-955e-0b88ed182088 | 2024 |
On what criteria do Mrazek and Haggerty (1994) classify disease prevention strategies when they propose the classification of universal, selective, and indicated prevention? | Depending on the type of population the preventive activity is aimed at. | Depending on the stage of evolution of the problem or disease. | Depending on the area in which the preventive program is being developed. | Psychology | Depending on the type of disease one aims to prevent. | 110 | 2 | ad71f3d7-731c-44ce-95ff-ccf5070ca183 | 2024 |
According to the WHO (2003), therapeutic adherence is: | The degree to which a person's behavior (taking medication, following a diet, and/or lifestyle changes) corresponds to what was agreed with the health professional. | The degree to which a patient's behavior (taking medication, following a diet and/or lifestyle changes) aligns with the instructions provided by the healthcare staff. | A concept in disuse. | Psychology | A concept preferably used in research. | 111 | 2 | 00a42346-5bbe-441e-afd7-e15998d105c4 | 2024 |
Which author and theoretical contribution pairing is CORRECT?: | Emotional Holding (Holding)/Donald W. Winnicott. | Object Relations Theory/Sigmund Freud. | Separation-Individuation/Karen Horney. | Psychology | Real, Imaginary, Symbolic/Melanie Klein. | 112 | 2 | 09d5ca66-78a7-4a87-bd85-7ddc5a226096 | 2024 |
According to Lambert, which factor of the therapeutic change variance weighs more?: | Technical factors. | Common factors. | Expectations, placebo. | Psychology | Extra-therapeutic change. | 113 | 3 | e63958e3-8500-4988-b175-d0e7a7d9a8e2 | 2024 |
Which therapy suggests that in borderline personality disorder there is an alteration in the ability to make sense of and understand one's own and others' behavior in terms of mental states and processes? | Behavior Therapy. | Dialectical Behavior Therapy. | Mentalization-Based Therapy. | Psychology | Morita Therapy. | 114 | 4 | badda0d6-ab4a-4b78-b2e4-7554ca32c6b2 | 2024 |
According to ICD-11, hypochondriasis falls within the group of: | Dissociative disorders. | Disorders of bodily distress or bodily experience. | Obsessive-compulsive disorders and other related disorders. | Psychology | Anxiety disorders or those related to fear. | 115 | 4 | 353897ba-bc3a-4ba3-b5a7-9610cbbbc83f | 2024 |
What type of treatment is considered the first option in anorexia nervosa? | Home admission with family supervision. | Hospital admission with family separation. | Partial hospitalization resources. | Psychology | Outpatient treatment. | 116 | 3 | b2dee6f4-8bfa-4e3f-ba88-4a151e8bf1d5 | 2024 |
Which of these interventions is currently considered first-line in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in adults? | Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT; Bateman and Fonagy, 2004). | Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Barnhofer et al., 2009). | Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM; McIntosh, 2015). | Psychology | Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET; Andersen et al., 2020). | 117 | 4 | 1e491a49-e7df-41c5-84c3-1dde058c8c40 | 2024 |
Which of these aspects should we consider in the treatment of eating disorders? | The combined treatment (drugs and psychotherapy) is the intervention that has proven to be most effective in the treatment of both bulimia and anorexia nervosa. | In bulimia nervosa, one should avoid giving information about weight regulation mechanisms and nutrition to not increase the desire for forbidden foods. | It is common for there to be a lack of awareness of the problem, especially in the case of anorexia nervosa, which is why it is advisable to include motivation strategies for change. | Psychology | Eliminating or modifying the diet is not a therapeutic goal in the treatment of bulimia nervosa because binging depends on emotional aspects. | 118 | 4 | b24b3a9a-6f1e-4fe9-9fe2-350c6aefb91d | 2024 |
What would be, according to the DSM-5, the severity specification for a person with bulimia nervosa who resorts to inappropriate compensatory behaviors an average of 10 times a week? | Severe. | Extreme. | Mild. | Psychology | Moderate. | 119 | 2 | cfb0f647-087d-4ee4-b449-c28437827d64 | 2024 |
What can be stated in relation to the course of nervous anorexia? | More than half of the patients have had a previous diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. | Its most common onset is in early childhood, around eight years old. | There is a second peak of incidence, starting from the age of 40, related to perimenopause in women. | Psychology | Mortality is primarily due to medical complications associated with the disorder itself or to suicide. | 120 | 3 | 9cbd8dd5-ee55-4b34-8426-e1df32ddab89 | 2024 |
What characterizes atypical anorexia nervosa according to the DSM-5? | That there is a repeated regurgitation of food for a minimum period of one month. | All the criteria for anorexia nervosa are met, except that the individual's weight is within or above the normal range. | The avoidance of food intake due to the organoleptic characteristics of the food. | Psychology | Recurrent purges to influence weight or physique in the absence of binges. | 121 | 1 | 3695a020-e27a-4866-a6b2-0a242cc822f2 | 2024 |
Regarding specific phobias: | Approximately 50% of people diagnosed with specific phobia fear more than one situation or object. | Vicarious learning is the most relevant pathway in the acquisition of phobias. | Situational phobias present a later onset age than the rest of the specific phobias. | Psychology | The intense and disproportionate fear of the situation or object is accompanied by a specific cognition (cognitive ideation). | 122 | 4 | 39b3a481-c0fb-42ac-a7a9-689729e02e08 | 2024 |
According to Wells' metacognitive model, what characterizes people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? | Positive metacognitive beliefs and type 2 worry. | Negative metacognitive beliefs and type 2 worry. | Positive metacognitive beliefs and type 1 worry. | Psychology | Negative metacognitive beliefs and type 1 worry. | 123 | 1 | 063eb0c6-fca7-4dac-9595-04dc1ebe5393 | 2024 |
What characterizes individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD)? | Anxiety tends to decrease over time as they are exposed to constant social situations in their day-to-day life. | They use expressive suppression as an emotional regulation strategy. | They usually begin treatment in the early stages of the condition due to the significant functional limitations it entails. | Psychology | They usually underestimate the negative consequences of social situations. | 124 | 1 | f42772eb-9826-4d81-aa5d-4a91d7edd3ca | 2024 |
The most recent edition of Barlow's panic control treatment program is structured into chapters, which are grouped into phases or thematic modules. Which chapter is not part of the "Coping Skills" phase? | Confronting the physical symptoms. | Breathing training. | Cognitive strategies. | Psychology | Establishing the hierarchy of agoraphobic situations. | 125 | 2 | 72b378f0-5674-4ab9-a2a1-0845f4a06387 | 2024 |
Which of the following statements corresponds to the intensive therapy focused on sensations by Baker-Morissette et al. (2005)?: | It is aimed at patients with moderate-severe panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. | In the preparation phase, the patient is trained in activation reduction techniques. | One of the main criticisms of this therapy is the absence of a relapse prevention module. | Psychology | The patient confronts their most feared situations from the very first moment. | 126 | 3 | 87807d46-11f2-4924-81c7-813d768d185a | 2024 |
Which of the following components is included in Dugas and Robichaud's cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?: | Relaxation training. | Exposure to uncertainty. | The prevention of safety behaviors. | Psychology | The organization of time. | 127 | 1 | 90fd0901-bfb6-4e96-babc-937db14eeee2 | 2024 |
According to Newman's integrative therapy, what characterizes people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and, therefore, becomes a focus of treatment?: | Experiencing negative emotions more easily and intensely than the general population. | The fusion with their own internal experiences, such as thoughts or emotions. | The presence of worries about one's own cognitive processes. | Psychology | The higher probability of experiencing negative interpersonal consequences. | 128 | 3 | 73dbd9b8-24b4-4449-9cf0-558587ed1571 | 2024 |
Which module of the Unified Protocol by Barlow et al. (2019) for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders aims to break down emotions into more manageable parts? | Understanding your emotions. | Full emotional awareness. | Cognitive flexibility. | Psychology | Emotional exposures. | 129 | 2 | 3ea0f57d-fe2f-4367-a1ad-2aae6e6737df | 2024 |
What is the term used in the psychotherapeutic process for the personal and intimate interaction in which the clinical psychology specialist and their patient express themselves genuinely, mutually perceiving each other as they appear, without distortions? | Mutual relationship. | Transfer. | Dual relationship. | Psychology | Real relationship. | 130 | 3 | 290c3347-27a2-42cb-ab4e-ec734d95c5ca | 2024 |
Which of the following characteristics has been shown to be associated with the variable known as "therapist effects"?: | The tendency to doubt one's own performance, accompanied by a negative sense of self. | The tendency to trust in one's own performance, accompanied by a positive sense of self. | The tendency to doubt one's own performance, accompanied by a positive sense of self. | Psychology | The tendency to trust in one's own performance, accompanied by a sense of negative self. | 131 | 4 | a582d7c5-5a84-4976-94ac-957cd8c831f0 | 2024 |
In psychotherapy, what type of preference would correspond to a patient who expresses the desire for their clinical psychologist to assign tasks to be performed between sessions? | About the therapist. | About the activities. | About the format. | Psychology | About the treatment. | 132 | 1 | 4b217410-dadc-4c01-a42a-b22920b29c8c | 2024 |
Which of the following is an evidence-based recommendation for psychotherapy work with patients with a high level of reactance?: | Use paradoxical interventions. | Use more directive and structured approaches. | Refer to group therapy. | Psychology | Strategically causing ruptures in the alliance. | 133 | 2 | f51fbbd1-363c-4205-a775-36a9731af513 | 2024 |
Which of the following aspects was proposed by Frank (1961) as one of the common factors to all effective psychotherapies?: | The systematic monitoring of results. | The management of transference and countertransference. | The activation of intense emotions. | Psychology | Psychoeducation. | 134 | 4 | 74812013-8797-425b-b7c6-58c24606c4d6 | 2024 |
Which of the following characteristics is not common in acute confusional syndrome?: | Haptic hallucinations. | Temporal disorientation. | Emotional disturbances: agitation, aggressiveness, depression, anxiety, etc. | Psychology | Alterations in the sleep-wake cycle. | 135 | 2 | 8ccf8d6b-07a3-45ef-bc9f-afcd90b74fa9 | 2024 |
A patient who has difficulty maintaining a state of alertness, with limited awareness of their surroundings and irritability, but who is capable of understanding and carrying out instructions may exhibit: | Stupor. | Sleepiness. | Coma. | Psychology | Clouding. | 136 | 3 | de661262-feee-44c5-a284-2cef50b193a3 | 2024 |
A state characterized by decreased attention to the environment, disorientation, confusion in the course of thought, and involuntary automatism corresponds to: | The oneiric states. | The twilight states. | The stupor. | Psychology | The delirium. | 137 | 1 | 98d8826d-0bec-44d1-b3cc-1569c0f485a7 | 2024 |
A patient mentions that, for the past few days, they have been having a strange sensation, as if something has changed and their environment is different. What phenomenon are they experiencing? | Derealization. | Stupor. | Depersonalization. | Psychology | Nihilistic delusion. | 138 | 2 | 25a9f434-e14e-4ce2-9fd9-092c382938b9 | 2024 |
The concept of attentional perplexity refers to: | The absence of attention to stimuli when there is a high concentration on a specific matter. | The attentional instability and the difficulty to pay attention to a stimulus. | The inability to achieve the synthesis of the content of attention. | Psychology | The complete absence of attentional readiness. | 139 | 4 | 40ad128f-75a8-427b-9833-77d9d61a2d02 | 2024 |
According to the theory based on mentalization, what characteristic is related to the simulated pre-mentalizing mode? | Understanding of others and oneself from the perspective of physical behaviors. | The discourse may seem empty, lacking in meaning, inconsequential, and circular. | Extreme focus on the external. | Psychology | The internal dimension has the same power as the external one, it feels like thoughts are real. | 140 | 1 | 42e617eb-edc4-4ee0-a26e-dc3eeb3149b6 | 2024 |
A patient who goes to a substance abuse care device explains, in the first interview, having been referred because of indicative parameters of liver damage due to excessive alcohol consumption detected in the last medical exam. He is surprised by the referral as he states that his social circle has the same consumption pattern as he does. Which stage of change is the patient likely to be in? | Contemplation. | Precontemplation. | Relapse. | Psychology | Action. | 141 | 1 | 60e8cc37-ddb4-47ec-b52c-81a9f20ca967 | 2024 |
According to the DSM-5 typology, when two or more episodes of insomnia occur with a duration equal to or longer than three months within a year, we classify it as: | Recurrent insomnia. | Persistent insomnia. | Middle insomnia. | Psychology | Acute insomnia. | 142 | 2 | 7664b591-8617-4d0f-9e86-36d234f854b6 | 2024 |
In which of the following disorders do patients exhibit vigorous or violent movements during REM sleep, which usually represent "reenactments" of the dreams characteristic of this phase, a period in which muscle atonia is normally present?: | REM sleep behavior disorder. | Nightmares associated with REM sleep. | Sleepwalking associated with REM sleep. | Psychology | Night terrors associated with REM sleep. | 143 | 2 | fec974b1-30ce-44fc-96b2-cc471f06338e | 2024 |
A 14-year-old patient begins psychological treatment. She presents a history of defiant behavior towards teachers and her parents. The patient has had episodes where she attacked two schoolmates and on one occasion broke a desk by throwing it down the stairs. She has been expelled several times. In consultation we observe that she does not appear to be sad or irritated and that she lies and denies what happened. The parents indicate that she has started to secretly steal money from them. What is the diagnosis, according to DSM-5? | Intermittent Explosive Disorder. | Psychopathy. | Oppositional Defiant Disorder. | Psychology | Conduct Disorder. | 144 | 3 | b615cf98-6ac3-46d4-86d0-5c03f764d4a1 | 2024 |
Which of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to night terrors?: | They occur towards the middle and end of the night. | They occur during REM sleep. | Autonomic warning signs occur, such as mydriasis or tachypnea. | Psychology | They usually occur with twilight states. | 145 | 4 | 465ac479-3cae-4868-b85d-08d1a6eac294 | 2024 |
In which sexual dysfunction does treatment usually include training of the pubococcygeus muscle with self-stimulation techniques? | Erectile disorder. | Delayed ejaculation. | Genitopelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder. | Psychology | Female Orgasmic Disorder. | 146 | 3 | 47fd4967-b66c-4269-a784-39f2801ec458 | 2024 |
Indicate which concept of psychotherapy practice Clara Hill (2017) is referring to with the phrase "the manifestation of the highest levels of skill, dexterity, professional competence, and effectiveness": | Reflective practice. | Deliberate practice. | Therapeutic performance. | Psychology | Clinical expertise. | 147 | 3 | 4d50f7de-02c8-4fd3-bcce-a7726061d728 | 2024 |
Within the framework of Schema Therapy, which of the following responses mentions any of the 5 dimensions of schemas proposed by J. Young in his model? | Dimension of the self-need. | Dimension of disconnection and rejection. | Dimension of alienation and apathy. | Psychology | Dimension of the interrupted elaborative process. | 148 | 1 | 73530b23-2d4b-4e1f-8348-f205f7ed2006 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the description of internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5: | It refers to the persistent and recurrent use of the internet for gaming, which ends up causing clinically significant discomfort. | It refers to the addiction to gambling through the internet. | It has been included in the category of "Behavioral Addictions," along with other addictive disorders that do not involve substances. | Psychology | It is considered that there is sufficient evidence to consider it within the official diagnoses of mental disorders. | 149 | 2 | b88888a4-4d70-4581-9991-df8f345fd3c1 | 2024 |
In relation to the differences in pathological gambling based on gender: | Women tend to have more comorbid affective disorders. | Women start to play earlier. | No differences have been found in terms of the mode of play. | Psychology | Males show a higher comorbidity with the abuse of benzodiazepines. | 150 | 2 | 52f58009-9c30-4a62-83f8-2cd076434a7e | 2024 |
In relation to the Fregoli Syndrome: | The patient believes that an important person in their life is being usurped by an imposter who has exactly the same appearance. | The opposite variant is the so-called Clérambault's Syndrome. | It is a paramnesia of memory. | Psychology | It is a false positive recognition. | 151 | 3 | 0e798485-1afc-4474-af9f-839f87ce715d | 2024 |
According to DSM-5, during the course of a major depressive disorder, what conditions are necessary to consider that the patient is in a phase of full remission? | Remission of symptoms for more than six months and return to normal functioning. | A reduction of more than 50% in the severity of symptoms compared to the baseline. | Presence of minor symptoms, without meeting all the diagnostic criteria, for a period of less than two months since the onset of the major depressive episode. | Psychology | Significant cessation of signs and symptoms during the last two months. | 152 | 3 | 59802f9e-2006-4a70-9066-5318bbe9ac49 | 2024 |
Which of the following theories about depression emphasizes the special importance of the role of ruminations as a factor of greater severity and duration of depressive symptoms? | Abramson's theory of hopelessness. | Beck's Cognitive Theory. | Nolen-Hoeksema's theory of response styles. | Psychology | Ferster's behavioral theory. | 153 | 4 | f5efbb53-e5d0-4aae-bfc1-5225938ce4a5 | 2024 |
Indicate the CORRECT answer regarding the differential diagnosis between bipolar disorders and depressive disorders: | There is a higher probability of suffering from atypical symptoms, such as motor slowdown, agitation and hypersomnia, in bipolar depressions than in unipolar depressions. | Bipolar disorder has a later onset, around the age of 30, while depression appears around the age of 20. | There is a higher probability of psychoactive substance abuse in unipolar depressions. | Psychology | There is a higher probability of suicide in unipolar depressions. | 154 | 2 | c053e433-d50e-4bca-a64c-5844c06df097 | 2024 |
What do we mean by those activities carried out by the clinical psychologist or the resident intern psychologist with systematic effort, that focus on improving their own performance, that are carried out over long periods of time, under the guidance of a mentor who provides immediate feedback on execution and that progressively promote an improvement in the practice of psychotherapy through repetition and successive refinement? | To deliberate practice. | To reflective practice. | To the skills of interpersonal facilitation. | Psychology | To the continued practice. | 155 | 2 | 33657f28-7d34-4ba1-9f40-03e66b4c578a | 2024 |
According to Beck's Cognitive Therapy et al. (1979) for the treatment of depression, which of the following techniques to promote the change of automatic thoughts corresponds to the category of cognitive type technique? | Role-playing. | Responsibility analysis. | Reattribution Technique. | Psychology | External distraction. | 156 | 4 | 4494583c-d2d6-4279-9c7c-4d21e76aaa21 | 2024 |
Which of these statements is incorrect in relation to bipolar disorder? | Identical twins with bipolar disorder may have up to a 50% propensity to suffer from the same disorder. | In the etiology of bipolar disorder, constitutional factors are involved. | Small alterations in the sleep cycle can adversely affect people who show a predisposition towards bipolar-type disorders. | Psychology | Situational stress can be the trigger for a manic episode. | 157 | 2 | 0c925cfc-b6a2-4d49-bc37-f0851b4ba3b9 | 2024 |
What is the delusion called in which a person believes that their skin is infected by bugs or parasites and is usually accompanied by tactile or somatic hallucinations? | Othello Syndrome. | Cotard's Syndrome. | Fregoli Syndrome. | Psychology | Ekbom Syndrome. | 158 | 3 | 06fca370-0edc-48ef-a42b-1100946abb14 | 2024 |
Which of the following thought disorders refers to a formal thought disorder? | Negative automatic thoughts. | Schizophasia. | Worries. | Psychology | Obsession. | 160 | 1 | 1c009217-7321-4ccd-a78b-5c33404082ed | 2024 |
It is considered a formal disorder of negative type thinking: | Loss of goal. | Incoherence. | Resonance. | Psychology | Alogia. | 161 | 3 | 2318b35c-9945-4ed8-8b8c-6829a5ad0772 | 2024 |
Indicate the incorrect statement in relation to cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis: | In the phase of identifying the thoughts and emotions associated with psychotic episodes, we can apply strategies such as defusing and analyzing the pros and cons of maintaining delusional beliefs. | When we work on the meaning of symptoms, the goal is to normalize the psychotic experience by conceptualizing delusion as an attempt to make sense of a series of strange experiences. | It has been included in most clinical practice guidelines as the psychological treatment of choice for psychosis. | Psychology | To conclude the work with a belief, it is advisable to also test the non-delusional alternative, devising another reality check for this purpose. | 162 | 2 | 0ad328c9-1e02-45af-bd9a-b62a2342cbb1 | 2024 |
Of the following psychological interventions for psychosis, which one presents a lower level of evidence and degree of recommendation? | Family intervention. | Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis. | Contextual Therapies. | Psychology | Assertive community treatment. | 163 | 4 | 54f73ab9-ee7f-41ab-b4b5-2d45e4a6a84e | 2024 |
Regarding cognitive behavioral therapy applied to delusions: | Working with the meaning of cognitive schemas can be done independently of the patient's insight. | Empirical verification is most effective when applied after the phase of verbal analysis and not before. | When we initiate an intervention on a delusional idea, it is very important to directly question this belief, as it has been shown to reduce resistance to change. | Psychology | The phases of verbal analysis of a belief are two, analyzing the evidence and the internal logic of the delusion. | 164 | 1 | 71a69f8a-5562-4bca-acee-b5ba0e18060f | 2024 |
What is the aim of working with basic cognitive schemas in patients with persistent voices? | Improve coping strategies for hallucinations. | Work on the vulnerability factors prior to the onset of the disorder. | Improve social functioning. | Psychology | Prevent the development of delirious interpretations. | 165 | 1 | 1dbcf11b-9bfc-4410-b928-42748028fdb2 | 2024 |
What are the functions of a clinical psychologist in administering AVATAR therapy for the treatment of auditory hallucinations resistant to medication? | The therapist does not have specific functions as this is an intervention based on virtual reality and, therefore, self-administered. | The therapist does not have specific functions since this is a self-administered digital intervention. | Facing the voice directly with mastery. | Psychology | Being able to accurately represent the character and role of the voice in relation to the person who presents the voices. | 166 | 3 | 83fcf0ae-69c8-4fca-a676-6b040893fee9 | 2024 |
Which of the following is the fundamental aspect on which Mentalization-Based Therapy for children (MBT-C) is based on?: | The defenses of the ego. | Problem solving. | The development of insight. | Psychology | The attachment theory. | 167 | 3 | 4981704b-b8ac-4015-b520-af29033587ea | 2024 |
Indicate an example of the use of the externalization technique in children and adolescents: | Reflect on the external supports available to the child or adolescent. | Discussing anorexia as an evil shadow. | Work only with the parents when the child or adolescent is not motivated to solve the problem. | Psychology | Draw a better future in which the problem does not exist. | 168 | 1 | 617e96de-c821-49a1-add0-37e8c9d6ab47 | 2024 |
According to the DSM-5, which corresponds to the social (pragmatic) communication disorder? | Persistent difficulty in the social use of verbal and non-verbal communication. | Persistent difficulty in phonological production that interferes with the verbal communication of messages. | Symptoms are usually identified in late adolescence, as this is when social interactions start to become more complex. | Psychology | Persistent alterations in verbal communication, such as the repetition of sounds and syllables, that hinder conversation. | 169 | 2 | f049ba9f-3760-41bf-92bd-54867e02adde | 2024 |
Indicate the incorrect statement. According to the DSM-5, intellectual disability: | Intellectual deficiencies begin during the development period. | Includes limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. | It should always be measured using individualized standardized tests and an overall Intelligence Quotient of 70 or lower should be obtained. | Psychology | It may include the alteration of functions such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, or abstract thinking. | 170 | 4 | cb1fba10-aece-423a-94d4-fc703ff8c8b8 | 2024 |
The reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder (according to the DSM-5) both have in common that children: | They have social relationships, in most contexts, extremely altered and inadequate for their level of development (from 3 years of age onwards). | They exhibit an overly familiar verbal or physical behavior and a marked inability to show appropriate selective bonds. | They exhibit episodes of irritability, sadness, or unexplained fear that are evident, even during non-threatening interactions with adult caregivers. | Psychology | They have suffered from neglect or social deprivation, which is manifested by the persistent lack of having basic emotional needs met by adult caregivers. | 171 | 3 | c41cb0f6-868f-453b-9d97-090db58292b6 | 2024 |
Indicate the CORRECT answer regarding Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) for psychological treatment in the child and adolescent population: | Bilateral stimulation can only be applied through tapping. | There is no standardized application protocol specific for this population. | It is not relevant for the family environment to participate in this therapy. | Psychology | Resources such as drawing can be used in its application. | 172 | 3 | 0fc3466b-4039-4100-ab11-42b2bb7c6464 | 2024 |
In relation to the oppositional defiant disorder: | Biological findings may explain the individual variability that occurs around this diagnosis. | Negative strategies (such as punishments) and those that prioritize control appear more frequently in families of minors with this diagnosis. | The treatment "The Incredible Years" still does not have sufficient empirical evidence. | Psychology | Only 10% of people diagnosed with ADHD will comorbidly develop a negativistic disorder. | 173 | 1 | ecf1b7e2-9076-47ee-b82b-ea63d628c80c | 2024 |
Family-Based Therapy (FBT) is a type of treatment that integrates techniques from various systemic schools and is used in cases of eating disorders. This treatment: | Generates less improvement in patients with greater severity at the beginning of the treatment. | There is sufficient empirical evidence in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in the child and adolescent population. | It does not involve the participation of a multidisciplinary team. | Psychology | It involves integrating the disorder into the patient's identity to increase illness awareness. | 175 | 1 | 2598d5c2-c71c-4f07-878b-26730d895192 | 2024 |
According to the Society for Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (Division 53, American Psychological Association), it is a well-established treatment (level 1) for the treatment of ADHD in childhood and adolescence. | Cognitive training. | Neurofeedback. | Therapy based on emotion control in adolescents. | Psychology | Behavioral training for parents of preschoolers. | 176 | 3 | 2bb684e2-d7b9-43e7-95c1-67c5776c582d | 2024 |
Among the psychological interventions used in children with autism spectrum disorder, which one has the highest degree of recommendation (grade A), according to the criteria used in the Clinical Practice Guides of the Spanish National Health System? | Early intensive behavioral intervention. | Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention in Development. | Early intervention based on families. | Psychology | Social skills training. | 177 | 1 | c20888f1-07c8-4c5f-a5f8-1080b5b02276 | 2024 |
In children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, there is a behavioral intervention that seeks to increase initiative towards learning, enhancing central dimensions such as motivation, self-directed behavior, initiation in social behavior, or diversification of interests. What is this intervention called? | Training in specific learning behaviors. | Training in general learning behaviors. | Training in basic reading learning behaviors. | Psychology | Training in pivotal learning behaviors. | 178 | 3 | 96c17304-2ea7-4d96-9e25-872d898d0657 | 2024 |
The comprehensive behavioral psychological intervention for tics (CBIT) does not include: | Relaxation training. | Habit reversal training. | Massive negative practice for tics. | Psychology | The contextualized and functional intervention to observe situations associated with tics. | 179 | 4 | f4e1aeb8-9483-4af3-9c48-7b4eec7dc8a6 | 2024 |
Indicate the therapy with the highest level of evidence and degree of recommendation for the management of self-harm in adolescents: | Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A). | Individual Psychotherapy for Adolescents (IPT-A). | Mentalization-based Therapy for Adolescents (MBT-A). | Psychology | Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT). | 180 | 2 | 874329f9-4be7-4f4c-ae0f-318937f5bf14 | 2024 |
The transdiagnostic therapeutic model, Group Behavioral Activation Therapy (GBAT), does not train in any of the following dimensions: | Functional evaluation and identification of the role of avoidance. | Psychoeducation about anxiety and depression. | Behavioral psychoeducation on behavior disorders. | Psychology | Problem solving and decision making. | 181 | 4 | 21d1e307-6724-4877-8e65-b2d29ea18067 | 2024 |
Complicated grief during childhood and adolescence: | A protective factor is that the main caregiver carries out their own grieving process in an appropriate manner. | It cannot be diagnosed before the age of 5 because at that age they still do not have a clear idea of what death is. | In adolescence, regressive behaviors are one of the main symptoms of complicated grief. | Psychology | The treatment for traumatic grief mainly involves live exposure. | 182 | 2 | a153fdc6-02e9-4c26-a24d-5e0b4f26843d | 2024 |
In the treatment of selective mutism, we must take into account that: | Systemic therapy is the first choice. | There are well-established treatments for this diagnosis. | The Integrated Behaviour Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM; Bergman et al., 2013) is a therapy that is based on a psychodynamic orientation and is specific to this disorder. | Psychology | Single case studies are the most prevalent in scientific literature regarding the treatment of this disorder. | 183 | 3 | 91ab36ed-9ad0-4a11-9018-5c9d9c6d33a5 | 2024 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder during childhood and adolescence: | The nightmares that occur during childhood may have unspecific content, not related to the traumatic event. | It has a much lower prevalence than during adulthood. | In the DSM-5, differences are included for diagnosis in children under 10 years old. | Psychology | There are no differences in symptomology in terms of gender, these appear during adolescence and adulthood. | 184 | 2 | 8e5219ea-f294-4d08-8dee-cef9ac1bc3ec | 2024 |
A 10-year-old girl comes to her mental health center because, for the past 6 months, she has been experiencing intrusive memories, nightmares, hyper vigilance, and avoidance of memories associated with a recent traffic accident she has suffered. For the treatment, we should take into account that: | In the first phase of treatment we should apply imaginative exposure to the traumatic event. | There are no treatments with a sufficient degree of recommendation for this diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. | The first phase of treatment includes psychoeducation about the symptoms being experienced. | Psychology | The practice of relaxation techniques is one of the last stages of the treatment. | 185 | 4 | 92f29a17-a44a-412a-b657-753cd0cc5fb3 | 2024 |
In relation to sexual violence suffered during childhood and adolescence: | As mental health professionals, we first need the consent of the parents to report a disclosure of child sexual abuse made by a minor. | It is estimated that between 40-50% of minors have suffered some type of sexual abuse. | As mental health professionals, we are always obliged to report a revelation of child sexual violence by a minor. | Psychology | It is associated, in all cases, with psychopathology during adulthood. | 186 | 4 | 0c54da04-eade-44e3-a61a-1d9502967f92 | 2024 |
The child language treatment technique that consists of responding to the child's verbalizations by expanding them in some way to provide a new sentence model, is called: | Recast or conversational reformulation. | Thinking out loud. | Focused stimulation. | Psychology | Parallel talk. | 187 | 2 | 5ea026bc-6f79-4115-83e7-0f3892bed9f8 | 2024 |
Which of the following behaviors corresponds to an early warning sign for detecting autism spectrum disorder between 12 and 18 months of age? | Pronominal Inversion. | Difficulty in understanding social norms. | Difficulty understanding double meanings. | Psychology | Lack of joint attention. | 188 | 3 | 4af838da-01e3-4f06-8853-a0d1d8125c15 | 2024 |
Which of the following interventions for autism spectrum disorders is considered an effective treatment, with at least a level 1+ evidence rating? | PECS Program (Picture Exchange Communication System). | TEACCH Program (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children). | Denver Model (Early Start Denver Model). | Psychology | DIR Model (Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship). | 189 | 4 | 512584a7-08e9-454a-8d9a-f64fc75c8623 | 2024 |
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