question
stringlengths 7
1.06k
| op2
stringlengths 2
358
| op1
stringlengths 2
370
| op4
stringlengths 2
399
| category
stringclasses 6
values | op3
stringlengths 2
355
| exam_id
int64 1
210
| cop
int64 0
4
| unique_id
stringlengths 36
36
| year
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
According to the recommendations of the NICE Guide (2019) for addressing depression in children and adolescents: | In cases of children under 5 years old with a moderate-severe depressive disorder, it is recommended that the treatment selection be carried out according to the practitioner's judgement, without considering the preferences of the child and caregivers. | In cases of minors between the ages of 12-18 with a moderate-severe depressive disorder, it is recommended to offer individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for at least 3 months. | In the case of minors aged 5-11 years with a moderate-severe depressive disorder, psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy is not recommended, as they have not yet developed the sufficient capacity for introspection to achieve positive results. | Psychology | In cases of minors with mild depression, if they require pharmacological treatment, fluoxetine is recommended. | 190 | 1 | 545e5878-3315-459f-b612-7d1e420ace4a | 2024 |
In bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, a hypomania episode lasts: | 4 days. | 3 days. | At least one week. | Psychology | 5 days. | 191 | 2 | 345a901f-8c6c-4cf6-8a4c-cd36f0fa36e7 | 2024 |
According to Thurstone's (1931) unidimensional model of attitudes, how are attitudes understood?: | As the deliberate or automatic attitude towards a psychological object. | As the implicit or explicit attitude towards a psychological object. | As the objective or subjective attitude towards a psychological object. | Psychology | As the degree of positive or negative affect towards a psychological object. | 192 | 3 | 337edcb4-3ee1-4e10-8315-5065f1a5d0d9 | 2024 |
How would the social identity theory explain that an individual can follow a leader's orders without questioning their validity? | Because the prominence of social identity is low. | Because it involves an depersonalized individual or with a low personal identity. | Because they have low public self-awareness. | Psychology | Because their personal self-concept differs considerably from the prototype member of the group. | 193 | 1 | 6b74fe5e-b262-46a3-97ff-cbe7c5f0653c | 2024 |
What does normative social influence refer to? | The tendency to be differentiated from others in some aspects. | The tendency to accept information from others as evidence about reality. | The tendency to conform to the norms of a group that defines one as a member. | Psychology | The tendency to comply with the expectations of others in order to gain social approval. | 194 | 3 | bfb88245-f112-4642-bcaf-b5ddbf96c2c2 | 2024 |
What is induced complacency? | A type of deindividuation. | A type of cognitive dissonance. | A type of social dilemma. | Psychology | A type of reciprocity. | 195 | 1 | b7cb50b1-dbda-4ea1-a378-fb3e31e3f726 | 2024 |
What is the heuristic called in which the easier a stimulus retrieves an event from memory, the more one tends to think that there are many events like that related to that stimulus? | Adjustment Heuristic. | Representativeness heuristic. | Anchoring heuristic. | Psychology | Availability heuristic. | 196 | 3 | 228dee9f-f1d8-43d6-a34e-2af93faa6387 | 2024 |
What dimensions did Hofstede (1980) identify in his first model of culture classification?: | Openness to change versus conservatism and personal growth versus self-transcendence. | Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, individualism-collectivism. | Group ideology (comparative versus non-comparative) and value orientation (collectivist versus individualist). | Psychology | Cooperation, competition, and social identity. | 197 | 1 | 3fb921b0-3323-4676-858f-985236c3b84a | 2024 |
What are the three main causal dimensions proposed by Weiner's theory of causal attribution? | Locus, stability, and controllability. | Distinctiveness, consensus and consistency. | Personal/environmental, global/specific and lasting/temporary. | Psychology | Dispositional, situational, and cultural. | 198 | 2 | 685f248f-f5c0-4c51-9161-7492998a0e82 | 2024 |
Which of the following statements about prosocial behavior is CORRECT?: | Prosocial behavior does not pose a risk to the individual who carries it out. | Prosocial behavior can be either altruistic or non-altruistic. | The presence of another spectator who helps inhibits one's own prosocial behavior. | Psychology | Prosocial behavior is positively correlated with the number of bystanders present in an emergency. | 199 | 1 | 17b2c919-1690-435e-80ba-70f3df806a71 | 2024 |
In the study of prejudice, what is the tendency to overestimate the proportion of negative behaviors in relatively small groups called? | Differentiation of the outgroup. | Priming effect. | Illusory correlations. | Psychology | Pygmalion Effect. | 200 | 4 | 07f8dfc0-e7e3-439c-afbd-e6261c5658c6 | 2024 |
Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for Binge Eating Disorder according to the DSM-5? | Binge episodes occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. | Self-assessment is unduly influenced by body composition and weight. | Binge episodes occur, on average, at least twice a week for two months. | Psychology | Binge eating is associated with the recurrent presence of inappropriate compensatory behavior. | 201 | 2 | bd1dce0e-a857-4a83-87dc-fc16118825ea | 2024 |
Which of the following Disorders is not considered in the DSM-5 under "Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders"?: | Pathological gambling. | Oppositional Defiant Disorder. | Kleptomania. | Psychology | Pyromania. | 202 | 2 | 0bdc32c1-f693-4b95-bf7c-0855a05cf24c | 2024 |
Stage 3 of Dialectical Behavior Therapy focuses on: | Acquire control over one's own behavior. | Replace the "silent despair" with non-traumatic emotional experience. | Acquiring ordinary happiness and unhappiness, and reducing life problems of the individual. | Psychology | Resolve the feeling of not being complete and develop freedom. | 203 | 4 | b9d21785-c6fa-4f8f-bd2b-7c278116c949 | 2024 |
Which of the following therapies for borderline personality disorder has an exclusively group format?: | Dialectical Behavior Therapy. | STEPPS. | Cognitive-Analytic Therapy. | Psychology | Cognitive-Interpersonal Therapy. | 204 | 1 | de85733f-efcf-4b22-acb2-963262fd12df | 2024 |
According to motivational interviewing, when a patient with addiction is ambivalent towards change, we should: | Avoid the correction reflex. | Conduct a decisional balance. | Point out their defenses or resistences. | Psychology | Provide arguments in favor of change. | 205 | 2 | 1d10015f-4021-4def-a0f7-2fde23d63f20 | 2024 |
Which of the following acronyms is used in the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders? | BOW. | ABC. | CCR1. | Psychology | TIP. | 206 | 2 | 10985b3d-566c-4f40-ad4c-dbbd63dd979e | 2024 |
To which current concept would the classic concept of pale hallucination described by Griesinger in 1845 refer to? | Pseudoperceptions. | Pseudo-hallucination. | Hypoesthesia, a perceptual deception. | Psychology | Anomaly in the intensity of stimuli, a perceptual distortion. | 207 | 1 | f4199cec-f294-4c0e-baac-99ac42c12347 | 2024 |
What type of beliefs about voices does the model of Chadwick, Birchwood, and Trower (1996) address? | Core schematic beliefs. | Beliefs about the origin of voices. | This model does not primarily focus on beliefs. | Psychology | Beliefs about the power, identity, and purpose of voices. | 208 | 3 | cceb2d87-8870-4ba2-865e-42883f389445 | 2024 |
In which intervention are children taught "detective skills" to solve the mysteries of their emotions? | The Coping Koala. | Super Skills For Life. | Unified Protocol for children. | Psychology | Take ACTION. | 209 | 4 | 2981232a-9200-4a10-a5b5-45510d6fab9f | 2024 |
Regarding intellectual disability: | The most appropriate approach involves adopting a functional model, with a cognitive-behavioral orientation. | The intervention should be based on medical, psychometric, and psychopathological models. | The most appropriate approach consists of conducting a normative assessment, with objective performance tests, to evaluate the potential of people with disabilities. | Psychology | Supports and their intensity are determined according to scales established based on the severity or level of disability. | 210 | 2 | 3777712d-1102-4d8d-ad62-7e4f9c0244e1 | 2024 |
Which of the following is a condition for the Chi-square test of independence to be applied in a contingency table?: | Row marginals equal to column marginals. | Equal number of rows and columns. | No more than 20% of the expected frequencies are less than 5. | Psychology | All the residuals are 0. | 1 | 4 | 0600c97a-d977-4202-bfc8-54fe93b0dc79 | 2023 |
The size of the central box in a box chart (Box Plot) is given by: | The range. | The interquartile range. | The difference between mean and median. | Psychology | The standard deviation. | 2 | 1 | 2c642390-2656-4661-96e5-46ddc26b0fae | 2023 |
Which statistical method will we employ if we want to know the linear relationship between variables X and Y, eliminating the effect that a third variable (Z) has on Y? | Regression. | Covariance. | Partial correlation. | Psychology | Partial correlation. | 3 | 3 | 49d168c2-95ba-476d-90c2-081ad6e7d334 | 2023 |
The design known as anchoring test or anchoring items is one of those used in the processes of: | Scoring. | Equation. | Inter-rater reliability. | Psychology | Content Validity. | 4 | 1 | 572ea51e-62f1-4c9c-9287-00a6d9829ab3 | 2023 |
In order to test the effect of a factor, given an unbalanced design and non-compliance with the assumption of homoscedasticity, the appropriate test is: | Durbin-Watson. | Levene's F. | Hartley's Maximum F. | Psychology | Welch's W. | 5 | 3 | e24e1594-ffc8-4869-bb2f-48a7a1e7999d | 2023 |
In a random multi-group design, if the researcher wishes to carry out post-hoc comparisons between all pairs of means, in the case of compliance with the assumptions of the statistical model and to ensure the greatest power and control of type I error, the most suitable test is: | Tukey's HSD Test. | The Bonferroni Procedure. | Fisher's Test. | Psychology | Dunnet's Test. | 6 | 2 | 64bb3e0d-eb9c-4530-86cb-696d082e6da0 | 2023 |
In the field of effect size measures, to assess the impact of a certain treatment, indicate which of the following statements is correct: | Omega squared is a biased estimator due to sample size, and it is recommended to use eta squared instead. | Eta squared is equivalent to the coefficient of determination of a regression model. | Only Cohen's "d" can provide information about the effect size of a treatment. | Psychology | Cliff's Delta is a parametric estimator of effect size. | 7 | 1 | f78e4b07-7935-4b13-bed4-df69f8f766cb | 2023 |
According to Levelt's lemma theory (1989) about the internal structure of the words of our lexicon, what kind of information, among others, does a word's lemma contain? | The phonology of the word. | The morphology of the word. | The syntax of the word. | Psychology | The spelling of the word. | 8 | 4 | 5bd9eba1-b831-4275-bd6b-7f892d4f247b | 2023 |
In the field of study of semantic memory, what experimental procedure did Collins and Quillian (1969) use to empirically test their hierarchical network model? | Phrase verification task. | Word association task. | Semantic categorization task. | Psychology | Naming Task. | 9 | 2 | fc3e2161-03f6-4122-b595-be82d95a330b | 2023 |
In the context of the study on syllogistic reasoning, what is the name of the hypothesis, proposed by Woodworth and Sells (1935), which suggests that when a subject forms a conclusion, they do so based on the overall impression produced by the premises? | Atmosphere effect. | Effect of the figure. | Conjunction effect. | Psychology | Anchoring effect. | 10 | 2 | 6c1643c1-c1bb-4701-9dc4-3f2e631e06e4 | 2023 |
What mathematical function does S. S. Stevens (1957) use to state his psychophysical law, derived from the results obtained with direct psychophysical methods? | The logarithm. | The power. | The square root. | Psychology | The integral. | 11 | 1 | ada4d50d-5960-414b-9431-3ca9d0f2c4b6 | 2023 |
According to the Levels of Processing hypothesis by Craik and Lockhart (1972), what type of review or repetition of the studied material generates a better long-term recall of information? | The meaningful review. | The maintenance review. | The declarative review. | Psychology | The elaborative review. | 12 | 3 | c49bd60e-1986-402d-b474-3d49eae8d227 | 2023 |
Within the framework of studying the "affiliation motive," McAdams (1980) aimed to highlight the positive experiences that allow the enhancement of quality and harmony in interpersonal relationships; in this sense, he focused on what is called: | Reason for emotional attachment. | Attachment reason. | Reason for intimacy. | Psychology | Reason for empathy. | 13 | 4 | 2cd9d80e-ffb2-48a8-92bc-62a11fd583d3 | 2023 |
In the field of study of conditional reasoning, the Wason selection task (1966) is frequently used, which consists of presenting cards with various stimuli. How many cards make up the task? | Three. | Two. | Five. | Psychology | Four. | 14 | 3 | 6fabc91f-d5f5-4ec1-80b2-0c6038eafa6a | 2023 |
When children start to speak, they sometimes use a single word to refer to a family of similar objects (e.g., calling all wheeled vehicles 'car'). This phenomenon is named: | Syntactic generalization. | Extension or overextension. | Pivot words. | Psychology | Telegraphic speech. | 15 | 1 | 81b58a7d-3d10-4812-bc9c-c5f166b90a6b | 2023 |
Between 12 and 18 months of life, babies, instead of repeating behaviors that produce pleasant consequences, experiment with new behaviors to see what happens. These types of actions are called: | Assimilation. | Adaptation. | Tertiary circular reactions. | Psychology | Secondary circular reactions. | 16 | 4 | 7ff9c3dd-108f-4034-87bd-7912bad4c807 | 2023 |
The ability, especially developed in school age, to evaluate a cognitive task to determine the best way to perform it and to control and monitor its execution, is called: | Scaffolding. | Accommodation. | Concrete operational period. | Psychology | Metacognition. | 17 | 3 | d85bf52d-e5ba-42ec-a9f6-a19d9cdbc248 | 2023 |
If when we put a baby in front of the laboratory technique of the strange situation we see that they do not cry when separated from their primary caregiver and do not seek their contact when they return, their attachment is of the type: | Ambivalent. | Disorganized. | Evasive. | Psychology | Sure. | 18 | 4 | 16015c0e-b759-4233-a54d-c92356e68872 | 2023 |
Indicate the name of the theory that proposes that, throughout life, people are surrounded by concentric circles of relationships of varying degrees of closeness from which social support emanates during vital transitions, crises, etc.: | The social buffer (or cushion). | Socio-emotional constancy. | The theory of the life cycle. | Psychology | The social caravan (or convoy). | 19 | 3 | a277918e-3cb8-44b8-8af6-9f53ad7a1fea | 2023 |
According to E. Erikson, the typical evolutionary challenge posed to individuals in emerging adulthood is as follows: | Generativity versus stagnation. | Intimacy versus isolation. | Orientation to the present versus orientation to the future. | Psychology | Productivity versus despair. | 20 | 1 | 519f1a7b-fce8-45a4-b99c-69f4d95e6f1d | 2023 |
When a person emphasizes universal ethical principles and values in the face of a moral dilemma, even assuming the personal costs that their decision could have, we are dealing with moral reasoning: | Postconventional. | Heterocentric. | Postformal. | Psychology | Conventional. | 21 | 2 | ceb220b2-532e-4825-9f26-de97b5d71817 | 2023 |
Indicate in which of the following models of emotional regulation three basic components are proposed, namely, self-compassion, self-stimulation, and active self-instruction, to achieve effective self-support: | Berking and Whitley's (2014) model of adaptive emotion coping. | Gross's Emotional Regulation Model (1998, 2011). | Linehan's (1993) dialectical-behavioral therapy model. | Psychology | Emotional regulation model based on Hervás' emotional processing (2011). | 23 | 2 | 7e66f4c8-e6dd-49f6-9359-49cfbefd5bea | 2023 |
Indicate what are the four stages of Gross's (2015) expanded model of emotional regulation: | Awareness, identification and labeling, identification of causal and maintaining factors, and active modification of emotions. | Identification, selection, implementation, and monitoring. | Emotional openness, emotional acceptance, emotional analysis, and emotional modulation. | Psychology | Identification, acceptance, coping, and self-support. | 24 | 1 | 199ed562-befd-47f7-98aa-d58778436a12 | 2023 |
Regarding the factitious disorder (DSM-5), indicate the false option: | Among hospital patients, it is estimated that around 1% may have presentations that meet the criteria for factitious disorder. | Individuals with factitious disorder imposed on self or imposed on another are at risk of experiencing significant psychological suffering or functional impairment. | Its onset is usually in adolescence. | Psychology | Regarding the course of the disorder, the most frequent presentation is in the form of intermittent episodes. | 25 | 4 | 7ea9166d-dbe1-4586-9f04-caae9666620f | 2023 |
Indicate the false option regarding anorexia nervosa (AN) (DSM-5): | Most individuals with AN show remission 5 years after the onset. | The 12-month prevalence of AN among young women is approximately 0.4%. | The most notable finding in the physical examination is emaciation. | Psychology | The levels of thyroxine (T4) in the serum are normally high. | 26 | 3 | 7b284f53-68b8-479e-ab8a-79a3e7b22420 | 2023 |
Indicate the correct option regarding minors who present reactive attachment disorder (DSM-5): | Episodes of irritability, sadness, or fear are not evident. | They usually seek comfort when they feel discomfort, but in a peculiar way. | They express positive emotions appropriately to their attachment figures. | Psychology | They have the ability to create selective attachments. | 27 | 3 | c9f1ea13-6497-4b72-b015-16bdf6c15c2e | 2023 |
The diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder in children over 6 years old (DSM-5) consist of one of the following symptomatic configurations: | One or more intrusion symptoms, one or more avoidance symptoms, two or more symptoms of cognitive and mood alterations, and two or more changes in reactivity or alertness. | One or more symptoms of intrusion, one or more symptoms of avoidance or cognitive and mood alteration, and two or more symptoms of reactivity or alertness. | One or more intrusion symptoms, one or more avoidance symptoms, one or more cognitive and mood alteration symptoms, and one or more reactivity or alertness symptoms. | Psychology | One or more intrusion symptoms, one or more avoidance symptoms, one or more cognitive and mood alteration symptoms, and two or more reactivity or arousal symptoms. | 28 | 2 | 4b5b278b-785a-420e-a5ef-b690fa54709a | 2023 |
Indicate which of the following options does not refer to a similarity between the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 in the case of autism: | Both manuals include it in the neurodevelopmental disorders. | Both manuals refer to autism by alluding to the term "autism spectrum." | Both manuals include, as core criteria, difficulties in reciprocal social communication and interaction and the restrictive, repetitive and inflexible patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. | Psychology | Both manuals include 3 levels to classify the severity of the disorder. | 29 | 3 | d8df8d21-b7be-470d-af88-a2a19a90e9c5 | 2023 |
Indicate which disorder does not belong to the category of neurodevelopmental disorders according to ICD-11: | Disruptive behavior disorder. | Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. | Motor coordination development disorder. | Psychology | Stereotyped Movement Disorder. | 30 | 2 | 667662c1-1d97-493b-9353-60f72d613cdd | 2023 |
Indicate what formal thought disorder is present in a patient who shows a very indirect speech to answer the questions posed to them, although they eventually do answer. When they explain something, they provide many irrelevant details (but somehow related to the main topic), which are tedious and, sometimes, they make excessive parenthetical comments. | Circumstantiality. | Loss of goal. | Derailment. | Psychology | Speaks distractedly. | 31 | 2 | 25e66efa-edd2-497a-a979-4b6a40a4cb88 | 2023 |
Under what type of delusion are experiences of thought reading, thought broadcasting, thought stealing, and thought alienation categorized? | Delusion of reference or allusion. | Delusion of replacement. | Persecution delusion. | Psychology | Delusion of control or passivity. | 32 | 3 | 3ea16835-bd61-441c-a4ad-b3e60359d71a | 2023 |
The kindling (sensitization) phenomenon in depression refers to the fact that: | Each successive depressive episode seems increasingly dependent on the previous one and more linked to stressful factors. | Each subsequent depressive episode seems increasingly dependent on the previous one and less linked to stressful factors. | Increasingly smaller amounts of stressors can trigger reactions of an intensity comparable to previous episodes. | Psychology | Increasingly more stressors are needed to trigger reoccurrences of depressive episodes in people with untreated cognitive biases. | 33 | 4 | 046e631b-8cf7-420b-bf31-5a2775de2357 | 2023 |
What characterizes pathological worry (or worry)?: | It is experienced as a chain of thoughts and images, laden with negative affect and relatively uncontrollable, representing an unproductive attempt at mental resolution of future problems. | It is experienced as a negative self-affirmation, self-deprecating, automatic, plausible, and brief, which is not related to the search for solutions. | These are anomalous and strange beliefs that are held with high conviction. | Psychology | It is experienced as a chain of thoughts repetitively and passively focused on symptoms of emotional distress, as well as on their possible causes and consequences. The content can also be centered on negative events from the past. | 34 | 2 | de5d066a-6618-4086-ac79-97f07938138d | 2023 |
Indicate which of the following options refers to a distinguishing characteristic of depressive disorders and bipolar disorders: | The history of several generations with mood disorders is more common in bipolar disorders than in depressive ones. | Treatment with tricyclic antidepressants is more effective in bipolar disorders than in depressive disorders. | Depressive episodes during the peripartum period are more common in depressive disorders than in bipolar disorders. | Psychology | Somatic complaints are more common in bipolar disorders than in depressive disorders. | 35 | 2 | 2c903564-dfc7-403e-ae0a-2c98f43d8d37 | 2023 |
Indicate the correct option regarding the diagnostic specifiers for major depressive disorder (DSM-5): | With psychotic features: indicates the presence of hallucinations and/or delusions always congruent with the mood state. | In full remission: implies absence of significant symptoms of the disorder in the last 3 months. | With mixed features: it implies the presence of anxiety symptoms most days. | Psychology | Severe: it can be used in cases where there is a significant interference in social or occupational functioning, among other necessary criteria. | 36 | 3 | dd3524b7-ddfb-464a-a329-bafb31b34dfd | 2023 |
Regarding the Network Theory (NT) on diagnosis in depression, indicate the correct option: | It considers that the symptoms and their dynamic feedbacks are the problem itself and not a latent entity. | Conceives psychological problems as emerging elements of a latent disorder or disease. | Comorbidity is understood as the existence of a series of essential entities that connect two types of symptom networks. | Psychology | It maintains the idea of polythetic classification systems, such as the DSM and the ICD. | 37 | 2 | d3706232-74e6-42a0-9339-8e8135d35b42 | 2023 |
According to the DSM-5, which presentation is not included in the category of other specified bipolar and related disorder? | Hypomanic episode without previous major depression episode. | Depression with mixed hypomania. | Short-duration hypomanic episodes (2-3 days) and episodes of depression. | Psychology | Short-term cyclothymia. | 38 | 1 | 434b0e89-5a2f-4bea-8de5-2699c16ce3db | 2023 |
Indicate which of the following options refers to a distinguishing characteristic between unipolar depressions and bipolar disorders: | Atypical symptoms are more common in bipolar disorder. | The duration of depressive episodes is longer in bipolar disorder. | Psychomotor retardation is less common in bipolar disorder. | Psychology | The onset age is higher in bipolar disorder. | 39 | 2 | 9348a506-3fba-45c3-bf28-f2480d8b27f4 | 2023 |
Regarding the cyclothymic disorder (DSM-5), indicate the correct statement: | The criteria for a depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode must be met. | During a two-year period, the symptoms have not been present for more than three consecutive months. | In children, the average age of onset for the disorder is six and a half years. | Psychology | In the general population, cyclothymic disorder is more common in women than in men. | 40 | 4 | 9c271b86-7fc1-4b81-acdb-0f06fad8006a | 2023 |
According to Öst's group, and regarding phobic disorders: | Acquisition occurs, above all, through vicarious learning. | Acquisition occurs, above all, through conditioning or direct experience. | People cannot remember the origin of their phobia. | Psychology | Acquisition occurs, above all, through the transmission of negative type information. | 41 | 1 | 194f62dc-bb54-465b-9f74-2fa2905e3c77 | 2023 |
According to the obsessive-compulsive cognitions working group (OCCWG, 1997, 2005), which of the following is not an inherent dysfunctional belief of obsessive-compulsive disorder?: | Exaggerated responsibility. | Overestimation of the importance of thought. | Dichotomous thinking. | Psychology | Intolerance to uncertainty. | 42 | 4 | 78f10c91-b7f8-4f66-9025-5274c5c143da | 2023 |
According to the DSM-5, the hoarding disorder: | It necessarily requires the excessive acquisition of things that are not needed or for which there is no available space. | It is considered a specifier of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. | It necessarily requires that there is a persistent difficulty to dispose of or give up possessions. | Psychology | The accumulation is motivated by cognitive deterioration. | 43 | 4 | e27d2e04-36ff-43f3-98e1-e6a91bedff96 | 2023 |
Which of the following symptoms appear among those required for the definition of a panic attack according to DSM-5 criteria?: | Paresthesia and headache. | Trembling or shaking and uncontrollable screaming or crying. | Muscle tension and sensation of difficulty in breathing or suffocation. | Psychology | Chills or sensation of heat and fear of losing control or going insane. | 44 | 3 | b386d40d-1127-4c0d-ae49-ba7c3d98ac00 | 2023 |
Which of the following is not a criterion for the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder according to DSM-5?: | The fear or anxiety are disproportionate to the real threat posed by the social situation and the sociocultural context. | The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or irrational. | The individual is afraid to behave in a certain way or to show symptoms of anxiety that are negatively valued. | Psychology | Fear, anxiety, or avoidance are persistent and typically last six or more months. | 45 | 1 | 864a792d-8c31-4331-9fd0-d4ec6a9dc41f | 2023 |
According to the cognitive models that explain the acquisition and maintenance of phobias (e.g., Reiss's models), which of the following aspects plays a central role?: | Intolerance to uncertainty and physiological activation. | The self-focus of attention. | The metacognitions. | Psychology | The expectations of danger and anxiety. | 46 | 3 | 9872f15a-4223-4138-bf62-74bcb5ee5646 | 2023 |
Which of the following symptoms is included among those required for the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder according to the DSM-5? | Palpitations. | Feeling of loss of control. | Irritability. | Psychology | Pain or discomfort in the chest. | 47 | 4 | 8a06e626-0af3-4501-b14f-a694f8f0f07b | 2023 |
Within the framework of paraphilic disorders (DSM-5), indicate the false option: | The fetishism disorder includes partialism. | The diagnostic category of transvestic fetishism is maintained. | The transvestism disorder has fetishism as a possible specifier. | Psychology | The sexual masochism disorder has asphyxiophilia as a possible specifier. | 48 | 1 | 3ecba99f-f77c-4e78-b28c-1cb8a3d1836f | 2023 |
Regarding the classification of sexual dysfunctions in the DSM-5, indicate the false option: | It encompasses problems related to sexual response or pain associated with sexual activity under the category of sexual dysfunctions. | The label for sex aversion disorder disappears as an independent category. | The category of substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction disappears. | Psychology | The issues related to the reduction or absence of sexual interest/excitement/desire are addressed in 2 different categories, one for the female case and another for the male one. | 49 | 4 | 6d6468df-fd90-4469-9c58-f7db54de8715 | 2023 |
According to the ICD-11, which of the following diagnoses is not included in Chapter 17 under the denomination of Conditions related to sexual health?: | Paraphilic disorders. | Gender discordance. | Sexual pain disorders. | Psychology | Sexual dysfunctions. | 50 | 2 | b6b29a9a-dfe0-4ec3-af67-52ea36e16293 | 2023 |
Comparatively with schizophrenia, which of these statements is not true regarding schizoaffective disorder?: | The onset usually has a very brief prodromic phase. | The onset is faster. | The negative symptoms are minor. | Psychology | There is a greater conviction, extension, and pressure of ideas. | 51 | 3 | 2c08f2fd-01c6-4814-8d14-5bca95858ea0 | 2023 |
Which of these statements is not true regarding the residual phase of schizophrenia?: | At times, positive symptoms remain, but they are accompanied by criticism. | There is a predominance of positive symptoms over negative ones. | It is estimated that there is up to an 80% chance of relapse within the first five years of the initial episode. | Psychology | The affective dimension can have a significant presence. | 52 | 1 | 75fc9a27-65fc-423f-aced-c34e8eb00d1f | 2023 |
Which is not one of the main assertions of Zubin's model for schizophrenia?: | Schizophrenia is not as malignant, persistent, and deteriorating as previously thought. | None of the variables postulated by the partial models is necessary nor sufficient to explain the disorder. | If we could identify markers of vulnerability and intervene on them, we would prevent both initial and recurrent episodes. | Psychology | The disorder has a chronic course. | 53 | 3 | b92bb17b-4059-4692-bdee-37742087eab9 | 2023 |
What is a main characteristic that must be present in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia? | Alteration of the ability to name objects. | Phonological errors in spontaneous speech and naming. | Deterioration in repetition of expressions and phrases. | Psychology | Absence of pure agrammatism. | 54 | 4 | 2713187a-0a9f-4b3c-b0dc-e3a0017a68dd | 2023 |
Which dementias share the loss of dopaminergic neurons (tegmental area) and cholinergic neurons (basal forebrain)? | Vascular dementia and dementia associated with Huntington's disease. | Dementia type of Huntington's disease and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. | Vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia. | Psychology | Lewy Body Dementia and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. | 55 | 3 | ac6520d3-e49e-46e2-99eb-2966829dc88f | 2023 |
In which type of dementia is the deterioration of executive functions (perseverance, disinhibition, disorganization, and difficulty in decision-making), slowed processing, and deficits related to attention most defining? | Progressive supranuclear palsy. | Dementia of the Huntington's disease type. | Pick's Disease. | Psychology | Frontotemporal Dementia. | 56 | 1 | d027e9c3-cd9a-404e-87b6-68eeddf95d9d | 2023 |
What would be one of the potentially reversible acquired causes in dementias? | Thyroid disease. | Olivopontocerebellar atrophy. | Familial prion disease. | Psychology | Binswanger's Disease. | 57 | 2 | 9fde56e5-4412-45fb-aa96-541cab7eb465 | 2023 |
The alternative proposal for section III of the DSM-5 for personality disorders includes the assessment within interpersonal functioning (criterion A) of: | The self-concept and self-direction. | Empathy and intimacy. | Identity and self-direction. | Psychology | Interpersonal relationships and emotional dysregulation. | 58 | 1 | 44bde97c-a314-4499-8e92-78fa434c86a9 | 2023 |
The substance that, in the case of starting to consume it before 16 years of age, seems to increase the risk of suffering from testicular tumors in males is: | The LSD. | Cocaine. | Cannabis. | Psychology | Alcohol. | 59 | 4 | af943dcb-bc73-44f3-b025-ad60fd431db8 | 2023 |
Regarding the pica disorder (DSM-5), please select the correct option: | A minimum age of 1 year is recommended for its diagnosis. | Persistent consumption of non-nutritive substances, even if they are food, is observed. | The incidence is much higher in males. | Psychology | The substances normally ingested tend to vary with age and their availability. | 60 | 3 | d838dc82-7a0e-4829-95c4-42fba0c92cbd | 2023 |
Which of the following is not a specification indicated in the diagnosis of specific learning disorder, according to the DSM-5, in terms of the academic area or sub-ability affected?: | With difficulty in written expression. | With difficulties in reading. | With difficulty in oral expression. | Psychology | With mathematical difficulty. | 61 | 4 | f1a1873d-f48f-4cf2-866e-2185016e2e47 | 2023 |
According to the ICD-11, in anorexia nervosa the cutoff point for the Body Mass Index to determine a significantly low body weight is: | In adults, less than 17.5; in children (BMI for age), below the 8th percentile. | In adults, less than 18.5; in children (BMI for age), below the 7th percentile. | In adults, less than 18; in children (BMI for age), below the 5th percentile. | Psychology | In adults, less than 18.5; in children (BMI for age), below the 5th percentile. | 62 | 3 | 7b5d55df-b9dd-4d3c-8151-873d638d5e24 | 2023 |
In van der Hart, van der Kolk and Boon's (1996) hierarchical model of dissociation, what does primary dissociation imply? | Perceiving the event without experiencing a full emotional impact. | The fragmented processing of the traumatic event. | Perceive the event by experiencing a complete emotional impact. | Psychology | The development of separate identities. | 63 | 1 | 18ad44de-8a84-41d9-9d7d-4c956050445f | 2023 |
According to Kihlstrom's theory for dissociative disorders, these are considered disorders of: | The memory. | The identity. | The representation. | Psychology | The integration. | 64 | 2 | c77627f8-528a-489f-b72f-93e11c71de70 | 2023 |
From the conditioning model, referring to victims of sexual assaults, which of the following assertions is correct?: | Repeated exposure to sexual aggression would decrease the magnitude of fear. | The victims are more fearful and anxious than the non-victims. | Anxiety-inducing situations are related to unconditioned stimuli to violation. | Psychology | Anticipatory anxiety does not promote the avoidance of recreational situations. | 66 | 1 | b7ba83ca-bf6d-42d9-bedb-9f24bd4382e0 | 2023 |
In the restless legs syndrome: | The worsening of symptoms at night is dependent on fatigue during the day. | Discomfort occurs in the legs and occasionally in the arms or trunk, negatively affecting the ability to sleep. | Patients avoid movement as a means of relief or elimination of symptoms. | Psychology | The symptoms worsen when the patient is in constant motion. | 67 | 1 | ee488ed6-692a-46f4-9c59-ec7c9491a446 | 2023 |
According to the drug consumption report prepared by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2016), what is the ratio of people between 16 and 64 years old who have consumed at least one illegal drug in the last year? | One out of every 50 of those people. | One out of every 20 of those people. | One in every 200 of those people. | Psychology | One out of every 100 of those people. | 68 | 1 | d62cd244-8e66-4732-ac91-fe26e2f3acba | 2023 |
Which of the following features is false for derealization?: | The individual has a delusional firm conviction that the environment has changed in a subtle, yet unsettling and hard-to-define way, and is convinced that they are personally involved in such changes. | It is a subjective experience that involves change, strangeness or unreality in relation to the environment and the world surrounding the person. | It is considered a dissociative reaction in which the person experiences a subjective loss of the reality experience. | Psychology | It can appear in the same mental disorders as depersonalization, as well as in the same situations within the general population. | 69 | 2 | ccd257c6-ce19-4566-8e7b-575562b9419a | 2023 |
According to the DSM-5, what is the general name given to the descriptor of negative symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia that refers to poverty of speech and poverty of speech content? | Alogia. | Stop-response. | Selective mutism. | Psychology | Illogicality. | 70 | 2 | 996876b6-df1b-4a84-bf58-74cb1fa91efa | 2023 |
What is the term for the exaggerated and/or disproportionate feeling of well-being, in which the person feels full of energy, joyful, and optimistic, that can occur during a manic or hypomanic episode? | Elation. | Parathymia. | Hyperarousal. | Psychology | Lability. | 71 | 2 | 16bb24e7-e944-482f-a019-adbf39aabff2 | 2023 |
According to the multifactorial etiological model of Vanderlinden and Vandereycken (1997) formulated to explain the relationship between traumatic experiences and dissociative symptoms, what factor favors the occurrence of dissociative symptoms? | A close relationship between attacker and victim. | An older age of the victim. | A low intellectual level. | Psychology | A negative self-image. | 72 | 3 | 63869218-0785-4d47-9fc7-d9b791fdb1fe | 2023 |
Indicate the false answer, regarding the variables, which from a transdiagnostic perspective, have been postulated as common in the prediction and maintenance of somatization and hypochondriasis (somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder in the DSM-5): | It has been observed that overvaluing the importance of thoughts related to health and diseases plays a significant role in these disorders. | Somatizers and hypochondriacs are more likely to make a psychological attribution of symptoms than individuals suffering from other psychological issues. | Somatosensory amplification has been proposed as a dimension present in these disorders. | Psychology | In the most extreme cases of these problems, there is talk of a fusion between thought and action of the probability type. | 73 | 1 | f7d103eb-53e8-46bf-a437-444dd5fa01ea | 2023 |
Which of the following cognitive factors does not correspond to those proposed by Salkovskis and Warwick (1986, 2001) to explain hypochondria?: | Perceiving the consequences of suffering from a disease as terrible (e.g., losing the role of mother or job). | Dysfunctional beliefs about repetitive thoughts of illness. | The assessment of the possibility of having external factors that could intervene in case of needing help (e.g., access to health services). | Psychology | The degree to which the person considers themselves capable of interfering with the course of the disease. | 74 | 1 | 3390ad2f-868e-4437-bd92-78e9ed986c44 | 2023 |
Which of the following treatment modules does not correspond to the affective cognitive behavioral therapy for somatization by Woolfolk and Allen (2006)?: | Training in interpersonal skills and reducing the sick role. | Cognitive emotional stimulation/regulation. | Behavioral skills training. | Psychology | Exposure to feared situations and thoughts and images about the illness. | 75 | 3 | 416db3cc-7765-4d4a-a41c-040f5bdbb0d8 | 2023 |
Regarding the differential diagnosis for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD) in the DSM-5, indicate the correct answer: | If criteria for somatic symptom disorder and TSNF disorder are met, both diagnoses should be made. | The NSFD cannot coexist with a neurological disease. | If a patient exhibits primary symptoms of depression, such as sadness and anhedonia, along with complaints of a general heaviness in their limbs, a diagnosis of TSNF should be made. | Psychology | Regarding factitious disorder and malingering, the diagnosis of FD requires evidence that the symptoms are not feigned. | 76 | 2 | b680e22f-a70a-4c21-bddf-2941177d1c70 | 2023 |
A person who shows minor somatic symptoms, with a high degree of associated anxiety and excessive health-related behaviors, with absolute certainty for more than 6 months that they are suffering from a serious illness, with a strong fixation and persistence despite evidence to the contrary, and with a decreased ability to recognize that the belief is a consequence of a mental disorder, is more likely to suffer from: | Somatic Symptom Disorder. | Conversion Disorder. | Illness Anxiety Disorder. | Psychology | Somatic type delusional disorder. | 77 | 3 | d038067a-994b-4dc4-ba50-a4bbdda240de | 2023 |
According to the DSM-5, that a child has a very limited understanding of symbolic communication in speech and gesturing, and depends on others for all aspects of daily physical care, health, and safety, is characteristic of a severe intellectual disability. | Moderate. | Mild. | Deep. | Psychology | Serious. | 78 | 4 | bd4819af-49af-4fc3-b217-8ecd0ae813cc | 2023 |
Indicate the correct association between the diffuse modulatory system, origin in the brainstem, and function in which it is involved: | Serotonergic - pontomesencephalic complex - mood control. | Noradrenergic - Locus Coeruleus - emotional behavior control. | Cholinergic - raphe nuclei - involvement in learning and memory formation. | Psychology | Dopaminergic - ventral tegmental area - reward system and adaptive behaviors. | 79 | 3 | 8d9ed81b-4c79-436d-b36a-ec658f7b78e9 | 2023 |
In which of these cortical areas does a lesion produce prosopagnosia? | Inferior frontal gyrus. | Lingual twist. | Postcentral gyrus. | Psychology | Fusiform gyrus. | 80 | 3 | 6903b047-16a9-4d5f-a6a1-2f984be16281 | 2023 |
The cell bodies of the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit originate in: | The paraventricular nucleus. | The arcuate nucleus. | The nuclei of the rafe. | Psychology | The ventral tegmental area. | 81 | 3 | c36bc7f6-ec3f-4398-b896-3350c3c44c04 | 2023 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.