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Regarding the course of symptoms of the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, indicate the correct option (Austin et al., 2015; Haro et al., 2015; DSM-5): | In people who had experienced a first psychotic episode, it was found that about half showed a negative response (increase in symptoms) during the first five years, followed by a maintenance without symptoms in the remaining five years (Austin and colleagues, 2015). | Just over half of adult patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia present persistent psychotic symptoms for an average of almost 10 years (Haro et al., 2015). | The diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder requires the complete remission of all symptoms and a partial return to the premorbid level of functioning before a month has passed since the onset of the disorder (DSM-5). | Psychology | In people who had had a first psychotic episode, it was found that 15% showed an initial increase in symptoms during the first two years, followed by a constant decrease over eight years (Austin et al., 2015). | 79 | 1 | ec64fccf-e2bd-40ac-806b-b9b7c26be714 | 2022 |
From what amount of caffeine consumption is it generally considered to have negative effects on the body in a healthy adult population? | Starting from 300 mg of caffeine per day. | Starting from 100 mg. of caffeine per day. | Starting from 1,000 mg of caffeine per day. | Psychology | Starting from 400 mg of caffeine per day. | 81 | 3 | 7edd3c60-b3f1-47e3-be2c-acf9ec28d9b7 | 2022 |
According to the DSM-5, the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder requires that the symptoms have been confirmed through: | Prospective daily assessments of at least three symptomatic cycles. | Prospective daily evaluations of at least two symptomatic cycles. | Retrospective daily assessments of at least three symptomatic cycles. | Psychology | Retrospective daily evaluations of at least two symptomatic cycles. | 82 | 1 | 41a8dead-b6e9-44e4-bbee-0c3030d48de1 | 2022 |
A subject who, as a result of a stressful event, feels as if time is passing very slowly, feels numb, has moments of paralysis and amnesia, all symptoms that generally disappear in less than a month; is more likely suffering from: | Adjustment disorder with mixed symptoms. | Somatoform disorder. | Acute stress disorder. | Psychology | Acute dissociative reaction to stressful events. | 83 | 3 | 0d66c941-8c19-4915-91b1-be4c963433a7 | 2022 |
According to the DSM-5, in major depressive disorder with melancholic features: | There is increased symptomatology in autumn/winter. | Anhedonia is present, or a lack of reactivity to generally pleasurable positive events. | There is a prolonged pattern of sensitivity or perceived interpersonal rejection. | Psychology | The depressed mood is more pronounced in the afternoon. | 84 | 1 | 87721bf1-24e5-4b6f-b2d8-fbe459c52465 | 2022 |
The "synkinesias" are disturbances characterized by: | Iatrogenic effects that occur after prolonged administration of a drug. | Involuntary parasitic or accessory movements that occur as a result of another voluntary movement. | Sustained muscle contractions over time. | Psychology | Rapid, brief, and aimless spasmodic movements. | 85 | 1 | ff598fd4-8aed-43a5-8372-319670f3f0cc | 2022 |
Olfactory hallucinations are more common in: | Manic episode. | Delirium. | Alcoholic hallucinosis. | Psychology | Epilepsy. | 86 | 3 | 0c4a133e-f9a8-4dc8-829d-7c481127a3ac | 2022 |
In regards to the differential diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders, indicate the false answer: | While deficits in executive function and language appear in major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorder, the insidious onset and gradual progression of behavioral symptoms or language dysfunction are more characteristic of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder and are not typical of vascular etiology. | The major or minor purely subcortical vascular neurocognitive disorder may have a slowly progressive course that mimics the neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease. | The diagnosis of delirium due to substance withdrawal should only be established instead of a withdrawal syndrome diagnosis when symptoms related to attention alteration and an additional cognitive disturbance predominate in the clinical picture and are sufficiently severe to require clinical attention. | Psychology | In major or mild frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, survival is longer and decline is slower than in typical Alzheimer's disease. | 87 | 3 | 6a5340b3-70c5-4b4c-ae52-6d4637c69f86 | 2022 |
Regarding the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders, indicate the false answer: | In addition to progressive cognitive dysfunction, major or minor neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies includes recurring visual hallucinations and spontaneous symptoms of Parkinsonism. | The major or minor frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder is primarily manifested through progressive changes in behavior and deficiencies in language. | The majority of people with delirium experience a full recovery with or without treatment, although early identification and intervention typically reduces the duration of the delirium. | Psychology | The inability to focus and move the eyes correctly is one of the typical signs of Parkinson's disease. | 88 | 3 | b5452d71-da6c-4ecc-a2a9-f6fd6e0d72b7 | 2022 |
In the treatment of neurocognitive disorders, indicate the correct answer: | The pharmacological intervention in the advanced stages of the disease is focused on the administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs (donepezil, rivastigmine or galantamine). | The use of antipsychotics in patients with dementia produces very notable adverse effects. | The use of antipsychotic drugs is especially indicated in patients with Lewy body dementia. | Psychology | In the mild and moderate stages of the disease, pharmacological intervention is based on glutamate antagonist drugs (memantine). | 89 | 1 | 3641431c-abde-45f1-bc3d-e8566181024e | 2022 |
Regarding vascular dementia, it is correct to affirm that: | It is the prototype of cortical dementia. | It usually follows a fluctuating course and evolves in the form of outbreaks towards a progressive deterioration. | One of the criteria of the International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) for its diagnosis, unlike the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Association Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l’Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN), is that it requires the impairment of two or more domains, one of them being memory. | Psychology | Their most significant deficit is found in episodic memory, especially in delayed recall. | 90 | 1 | 4c9b588e-95c9-47d3-913b-54c3203454ef | 2022 |
Ecmnesia is a disorder characterized by: | A false recognition in which the individual believes that a familiar person is actually a stranger. | Consider memories of one's own past as if they were experiences of the present. | An experience in which a memory is lived as an original production or idea. | Psychology | A false recognition in which the individual believes that it is the first time they are experiencing a situation. | 91 | 1 | 80536180-ec0e-4104-bbbb-20e4bbb5de2a | 2022 |
A type of hallucination in which the belief in the "external" reality of the hallucinated image is low or nonexistent is the following: | Functional hallucination. | Pseudo-hallucination. | Mirror image. | Psychology | Hallucinatory image. | 92 | 1 | 40bfac66-cc48-4593-9512-dbe5ac8dea75 | 2022 |
Regarding bulimia nervosa (BN), indicate the false option: | Among the psychological factors associated with BN, the trait of harm avoidance stands out. | An early deviation in weight, both by excess and by deficit, possibly associated with early metabolic alterations, constitutes a predictor of later suffering from BN (Bulimia Nervosa). | There seems to be no risk of BN associated with the prematurity of birth. | Psychology | People with BN have significant difficulties when confronting intense positive emotions. | 93 | 4 | 7d964834-a580-4344-b1fd-c813b6925bc3 | 2022 |
The experience known as temporal gap is defined as: | An alteration in temporal orientation that does not affect spatial or personal orientation. | A disturbance in memory characterized by selective amnesia. | An alteration of consciousness that is associated with a decreased state of alertness. | Psychology | An alteration of attention that can occur while performing an automatic task. | 94 | 3 | 45e6362f-8909-47f8-9aac-a50dbc98d82b | 2022 |
The delusional atmosphere is a disturbance characterized as: | A primary delusional idea in which the person has the experience that the world has changed. | A delusional secondary idea about the meaning of the world. | A primary delusional idea associated with the delusional reconstruction of memories. | Psychology | A secondary delusional idea in which the person varies their interpretations of perceptions. | 95 | 2 | 2675b16d-1277-4a82-af5b-d73aa4dae727 | 2022 |
Uncontrollable, violent, and diffuse contractions of the voluntary musculature are called: | Automatic behaviors. | Tics. | Seizures. | Psychology | Akathisia. | 96 | 4 | c7f16d80-f715-478a-97f1-0bff5ad89488 | 2022 |
Taking into consideration the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 regarding separation anxiety disorder (SAD), indicate the correct statement: | In order to make a diagnosis of ASD in children, the symptoms must have been present for at least 6 months. | To be able to make a diagnosis of TAS in children and adults, the symptoms must have been present for at least 4 months. | In order to make a diagnosis of ADHD in adults, the symptoms must have been present for at least 6 months. | Psychology | It is sufficient for the symptoms to have been present for 4 weeks to make a diagnosis of TAS, in both children and adults. | 97 | 4 | c752e14f-cd9e-40ff-84df-ab71e6a29b13 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following etiological models on panic disorder places special relevance on the concept of self-efficacy in relation to panic: | Clark's Cognitive Model (1986). | The integrative cognitive model by Casey, Oei and Newcombe (2004). | Wolpe and Rowan's (1988) Interoceptive Learning Model. | Psychology | The integrative model of Barlow (Barlow and Durand, 2003). | 98 | 1 | 6fbc6abf-60fc-4929-9c3c-300d31a4baaa | 2022 |
In relation to generalized anxiety disorder, indicate the correct statement about the role of worry in the model of Borkovec and his collaborators: | Negative beliefs about worry activate type 2 worries. | Worry is maintained because it reduces anxiety and the physiological activation associated with negative images. | Intolerance to uncertainty activates the chain of worry and cognitive avoidance. | Psychology | Anxious apprehension is at the root of worry. | 99 | 1 | ece70f70-c1d7-4cbb-b5fb-ab276fc09d9a | 2022 |
Regarding bipolar I disorder, indicate the correct statement: | The onset of the disorder can occur throughout the entire life cycle. | The onset of the disorder is confined to the early years of adulthood. | Patients who have 3 or more episodes (of major depression, mania or hypomania) in a year, would be given the specifier "with rapid cycles". | Psychology | Only about 30% of manic episodes occur immediately before a major depressive episode. | 100 | 2 | 7b255d4b-e229-401e-8716-54ee2913362b | 2022 |
If a patient presents one or more somatic symptoms that cause discomfort and disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the severity of their own symptoms and a persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms; according to the DSM-5, what diagnosis should they receive? | Illness Anxiety Disorder. | Somatic Symptom Disorder. | Panic disorder. | Psychology | Hypochondria. | 101 | 1 | bbabc964-b025-4c69-add0-0b16c0a88bb4 | 2022 |
The ICD 11 includes among its updates the disorder of body integrity dysphoria; indicate what its main characteristic is: | The intense and persistent desire to have a significant physical disability. | The discomfort felt towards a part of the body that is perceived as not in accordance with one's own identity. | Feeling an intense fear that a part of the body (especially a limb) might separate from the body itself. | Psychology | Having an intense feeling of depersonalization and disintegration of different parts of the body. | 102 | 2 | e855e22a-a9b7-45fb-ba90-a76e76ead199 | 2022 |
Regarding the factitious disorder imposed on another (DSM-5), indicate the false answer: | It involves the falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms in another individual, associated with an identified deception. | In the DSM-5, it is included within the somatic symptom disorders. | Deceptive behavior is evident even in the absence of obvious external reward. | Psychology | The diagnosis applies to both the perpetrator and the victim. | 103 | 3 | db768528-ffbf-4fe0-9f5b-30c62cc80a26 | 2022 |
In general, it can be asserted that hallucinations are not based on stimuli that actually exist outside the individual; however (indicate the false option): | In functional hallucinations, there is, in some way, stimulus intervention, and the hallucination disappears when the stimulus disappears. | Pseudo-hallucinations are recognized as subjective and located within the individual. | In negative hallucinations, the subject does not perceive the object and consequently behaves as if its absence were real. | Psychology | Functional hallucinations are common in schizophrenia. | 104 | 4 | 6ab45739-a7f0-4d34-b7af-f06ccdc95c92 | 2022 |
According to the DSM-5, in which of the following sexual dysfunctions is it specified that "the evaluation of the deficiency is made by the clinician": | Female sexual interest/arousal disorder. | Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in males. | Delayed ejaculation. | Psychology | Premature ejaculation. | 105 | 1 | 7eb4b5ff-36b8-4fa8-a62c-d867732c732a | 2022 |
A non-fluent language disorder, with good repetition, is characteristic of aphasia: | From Broca. | Of conduction. | From Wernicke. | Psychology | Motor transcortical. | 106 | 3 | f2cac718-28e3-4feb-a54a-9756a729112d | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following aspects constitutes a maintaining factor of eating disorders (Fairburn and colleagues, 2003): | Critiques about the body. | Separation or loss. | Wasting disease. | Psychology | Social isolation. | 107 | 3 | 7db0842a-25aa-413f-8b37-54956dd3a6da | 2022 |
According to Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles theory, the intensity and duration of depressive symptoms will be aggravated when faced with the initial symptoms: | The person adopts a ruminative response style. | The person exhibits avoidant responses. | The person makes fatalistic attributions about what has happened. | Psychology | The person carries out behaviors and sets distraction thoughts in motion. | 108 | 2 | ceaef2eb-8388-4d36-b44b-9a8159e636e1 | 2022 |
Which of the following is not one of the main ideas of Barlow's (1986) model for erectile dysfunction? | Functional and dysfunctional individuals react in the same way to distractions when they are sexual stimuli. | The presentation of neutral distractors (non-sexual) decreases the activation of people with dysfunction. | In individuals without dysfunction, sexual arousal is facilitated by sexual stimuli that involve demand for sexual performance. | Psychology | People with dysfunction get distracted from the erotic cues of the situation when distracting stimuli emerge that suppose a demand for sexual performance. | 109 | 2 | af6fb781-9a7c-4fd3-8b30-b8fa5bc97c2a | 2022 |
Regarding gender dysphoria, indicate the correct option (DSM-5): | In general, the current evidence is sufficient to label gender dysphoria without sex development disorder as a form of intersexuality limited to the central nervous system. | Subjects with somatic disorder of sexual development present high correlations of the final sexual identity with the degree of production and prenatal use of androgens. | Atypical sexual behavior, in itself, should not be interpreted as an indicator of present or future gender dysphoria. | Psychology | The concern related to the desire for sex change can occur at any age from around 6 years old. | 110 | 4 | 346e21df-f254-472c-9c24-648576cc43ae | 2022 |
Regarding panic attacks, indicate the false option: | Laboratory tests (e.g., serum calcium levels) have been shown to be useful in determining the etiological role of medical conditions in panic attacks. | A medical condition that can cause (be associated with) panic attacks is hyperparathyroidism. | The age of onset of panic attacks has not been shown to be useful for analyzing etiological hypotheses in patients. | Psychology | Panic attacks are associated with a higher probability of subsequently developing bipolar disorders. | 111 | 4 | c720312f-3f89-4450-99b4-edad94de5136 | 2022 |
Which of the following is considered, according to the DSM-5, an algolagnia disorder?: | The somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain. | The disorder of sexual sadism. | The factitious disorder. | Psychology | Genito-pelvic pain disorder. | 112 | 1 | e7c597cf-7910-47b7-8eb5-83bb85d9606a | 2022 |
Indicate the correct statement regarding specific phobia: | Most individuals with specific phobia feel fear towards a single object or situation and often experience unexpected panic attacks (DSM-5). | The panic attacks characteristic of specific phobia are qualitatively different from those of panic disorder. | The differences between panic attacks in panic disorder and those that occur within the framework of specific phobias lie in the frequency and severity. | Psychology | All specific phobias exhibit a similar cardiovascular response pattern. | 113 | 4 | ed7ce369-a449-4fee-bdba-62913ddae9a6 | 2022 |
Indicate the correct statement regarding Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), according to the DSM-5: | It has been associated with neglect and abuse in childhood, but not with biological predispositions. | The highest comorbidity rates occur with eating disorders. | The main clinical features are similar in both men and women. | Psychology | Muscle dysmorphia is common in both men and women. | 114 | 4 | b2d88a85-08d3-4372-857f-834b9fdf3760 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following disorders is less comorbid with kleptomania (DSM-5): | Bipolar disorder. | Major depressive disorder. | Schizophrenic disorder. | Psychology | Eating disorders. | 115 | 4 | 41df090a-732a-4734-9463-3265a418e414 | 2022 |
Within the framework of eating disorders, among the cognitive distortions known as "The Dirty Dozen", please indicate what is the distortion called: "Inferring that one's appearance was the cause of something that one did not want to happen". | Expansion of ugliness. | The Grumpy Mirror. | The bondage of beauty. | Psychology | Blame game. | 116 | 3 | a069b91f-fc24-477c-be66-c783071ba494 | 2022 |
According to the DSM-5, the specification "in full remission" for a depressive disorder indicates that there have been no significant signs or symptoms of the disorder for at least: | The last 4 months. | 1 year. | The last 6 months. | Psychology | The last 2 months. | 117 | 3 | 0e1bbe71-5a1a-4f45-8c6d-b8ab6acbe2e0 | 2022 |
As for the diagnostic markers of non-REM sleep arousal disorders, the following can be stated: | The awakenings from non-REM sleep during night terrors begin abruptly, without anticipatory autonomic changes. | The instability of deep NON-REM sleep, as shown in polysomnography, is a very reliable marker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sleepwalking. | There are reliable polysomnographic indicators of the tendency to experience night terrors when records are taken outside of the episode. | Psychology | The non-REM sleep arousal disorders occur more frequently during rapid wave sleep. | 118 | 2 | 5b17c9bd-4067-4ef9-a249-d14cbf4d9110 | 2022 |
Regarding night terrors, the following can be stated: | The prevalence of night terror episodes (vs. night terror disorder) is approximately 0.5% in the general population. | Normally, the subject wakes up and takes time to fall asleep due to anxiety. | Among children, they are more common in males than in females, while the proportion tends to equalize in adulthood. | Psychology | Studies with twins point to the absence of a genetic component when it comes to their etiology. | 119 | 4 | 9dbd8df2-1aeb-4594-ad47-52b5a8443809 | 2022 |
The onset of hypersomnia usually occurs: | Primarily starting from the age of 65. | In adolescence or in the early years of adulthood. | Typically in early childhood, between 0 and 6 years of age. | Psychology | At any age. | 120 | 1 | 9fda5aef-bfbe-4b66-bd83-4ea23667c40d | 2022 |
In the assessment of sleep disorders, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) allows us: | Evaluate the degree of the patient's daytime sleepiness. | Evaluate the degree of severity of the patient's insomnia. | Evaluate the probability of suffering from a REM sleep disorder. | Psychology | Evaluate the degree of intensity of the patient's snoring. | 121 | 2 | 81501021-6704-46bc-ae07-c314c5a4f6c8 | 2022 |
Indicate in which of the following paraphilia diagnoses it is required that the subject of the diagnosis be of legal age: | Exhibitionism Disorder. | Pedophilia disorder. | Voyeurism disorder. | Psychology | Fetishism Disorder. | 122 | 4 | 5afaeb5b-01fa-4027-bd0f-ddf1e6d52aed | 2022 |
Regarding the brief or acute and transient psychotic disorder, the following can be affirmed (DSM-5): | It is estimated a lifetime prevalence of 0.3% with a higher incidence in women. | A lifetime prevalence of 4.6% is estimated in the general population, with a higher incidence in men. | A lifetime prevalence of 0.5-1.5% is estimated, with a higher incidence in men. | Psychology | It is estimated that it represents 9% of the cases of first episode of psychosis, with a higher incidence in women. | 123 | 3 | ff4370e0-790a-4be2-aac5-13b4d1da6ee8 | 2022 |
According to the DSM-5, which of the following criteria must be met to diagnose gender dysphoria in children?: | A marked incongruity between the gender one feels or expresses and their primary or secondary sexual characteristics. | A strong desire to possess both primary and secondary sexual characteristics corresponding to the gender one identifies with. | A powerful desire to be of the other gender or an insistence that he or she is of the opposite gender (or of an alternate gender different from the one assigned to them). | Psychology | Marked and persistent preferences for the role of the opposite gender or fantasies of belonging to the opposite gender. | 124 | 4 | 19dd9aab-b116-458a-998e-77fd4458aad9 | 2022 |
Indicate the correct statement regarding the differential diagnosis between situational specific phobia and agoraphobia, according to the criteria of the DSM-5: | If the person is worried about the harm that the object or situation can cause them, a diagnosis of agoraphobia would be justified. | If the person fears only one typically agoraphobic situation, it is advised to make a diagnosis of specific situational phobia. | If the only phobic stimulus is situational (e.g., enclosed places), the diagnosis of agoraphobia would be justified. | Psychology | If the person fears a specific typically agoraphobic situation, it is recommended to make a diagnosis of agoraphobia. | 125 | 1 | a18573da-696a-4ba4-bbd2-b18b76dad3df | 2022 |
In anorexia nervosa, there is a significantly low body weight which is determined by a body mass index (BMI) below: | In adults, 17; in children (BMI for age), 8th percentile. | In adults, 18; in children (BMI for age), 10th percentile. | In adults, 18.5; in children (BMI for age), 5th percentile. | Psychology | In adults, 18.5; in children (BMI for age), 10th percentile. | 126 | 4 | d31037fe-ef8d-4a6e-8397-575537e11ae2 | 2022 |
Unlike unipolar depression, in bipolar depression: | The number of episodes is lower. | The age of onset is higher. | There is a higher risk of experiencing atypical symptoms. | Psychology | The duration of the episodes is longer. | 127 | 4 | 27f9f2eb-0114-4343-ae2f-4e8082aea40d | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following options refers to a specific goal of Linehan's dialectical-behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder: | Questioning dysfunctional thought patterns. | Improve interpersonal effectiveness. | Search for the cause of discomfort. | Psychology | Modify early maladaptive schemas. | 128 | 1 | 653dc173-ec83-4b15-8984-f042fbc94ce5 | 2022 |
What limitation has been described in relation to cognitive-behavioral treatment for binge eating disorder? | It does not improve the quality of life of the patients. | The reduction of the patients' weight is not maintained in the long term. | The frequency of the patients' binge eating does not reduce. | Psychology | The psychopathological symptoms of the patients do not reduce. | 130 | 1 | 7ea45528-e8a4-46b0-82c1-ee23ba3f4c9b | 2022 |
Which of the following techniques is preferentially and specifically used in the treatment of trichotillomania and excoriation?: | The inversion of habit. | Cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional beliefs. | Behavioral experiments. | Psychology | Strategies to increase motivation towards change. | 131 | 2 | 7f29ab61-6b9c-45ee-ab50-ad776f2001bc | 2022 |
What is the main goal of cognitive therapy for dysfunctional beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder? | Modify the way in which the person values and interprets their intrusive and obsessive thoughts. | Change the person's perception of the disorder. | Facilitate the habituation to obsessions. | Psychology | The acceptance of obsessions and intrusive thoughts. | 132 | 2 | e7cabe35-77dd-45c3-93eb-681b554f35ea | 2022 |
We asked a patient diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder to try not to think about a white cat for 10 minutes, to log how often they think about it during the exercise, and to compare this with the frequency of that thought throughout the day. With this experiment, we are likely trying to address the following belief: | Fusion of thought-action of moral type. | Fusion of thought action type probability. | Overestimation of the importance of thoughts. | Psychology | Excessive responsibility. | 133 | 4 | 2ed88d80-29f4-4e05-b99c-0b3e322d1292 | 2022 |
Indicate in which psychological treatment for psychosis one of the therapeutic elements is "Helping to create a transcendental sense of self": | Acceptance and commitment therapy. | Metacognitive therapy for psychosis. | Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. | Psychology | Compassion-focused therapy. | 136 | 2 | 4670139f-50e1-45eb-8831-7c75828c6cab | 2022 |
Which intervention is indicated and specifically designed for the prevention of relapses in depressive disorders? | Interpersonal therapy. | Behavioral activation. | Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. | Psychology | Beck's Cognitive Therapy for Depression. | 137 | 4 | 861b4462-fe4a-47c1-b3c0-5b474c39ec1b | 2022 |
The Maudsley Institute's family therapy or family-based therapy (FBT) consists of several phases; indicate the false option: | Distancing from parents. | Complete control by the parents. | Establishing a healthy independence. | Psychology | Gradual return of control to the adolescent. | 138 | 2 | e26a91b0-924a-4ddf-a3ea-7d23978b0f7f | 2022 |
During the intervention with psychotic patients and from the model of Person-Based Cognitive Therapy (e.g., Chadwick, 2006), what action is considered most appropriate regarding negative personal schemas? | Confronting experiential avoidance to reduce fear of negative schematic experiences. | Facilitate the person to recognize experiences as part of their own identity or self. | Not questioning negative schematic experiences, facilitating awareness of them. | Psychology | Identify negative schematic experiences and address them as the cognitive distortions they are. | 139 | 4 | aa5a5bc8-014a-49dc-a42e-903c971f81d2 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following statements about structured or semi-structured interviews is false: | The SADS allows for the diagnosis and creation of the medical history. | The SCID-5 has five versions: three for evaluating general diagnoses grouped into ten modules and two for personality disorders. | The CIDI 3.0 is a semi-structured interview that constitutes a diagnostic aid tool for the main categories included in the ICD-10 (excluding suicide risk) and consists of 41 sections. | Psychology | The KSADS-5 allows the evaluation of children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years old following DSM-5 criteria. | 140 | 4 | bbf847de-9dbd-46b9-84d0-0bd3fd118912 | 2022 |
What is the recommended weight gain range for people with anorexia nervosa who are hospitalized? | 0.5 and 1 kg. per week. | 0.2 and 0.5 kg. per week. | There are no recommendations in this regard. | Psychology | 1.5 and 2.5 kg. per week. | 141 | 2 | 4e4cd8c3-cec9-4fd6-80fd-fdf2ca3e3514 | 2022 |
Which therapy is most recommended for people who have post-traumatic stress disorder and associated feelings of guilt?: | Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. | Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR). | The therapy focused on the present. | Psychology | Cognitive Processing Therapy. | 142 | 3 | c6d8b09c-552d-44fe-a033-ecc1bb4bdc40 | 2022 |
Which of the following treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder has the most empirical support?: | Dialectical Behavior Therapy. | Prolonged exposure therapy. | The therapy focused on the present. | Psychology | Training in progressive muscle relaxation. | 143 | 1 | 02d4f9f5-f572-43e4-9e7e-4fa547fca63b | 2022 |
Regarding the disorder called "Psychological Factors affecting other Medical Conditions" (DSM-5), and in terms of the severity level, when these psychological factors are associated with a worsening of the medical condition that requires visiting an emergency medical service, we must make the following specification: | Moderate. | Mild. | Extreme. | Psychology | Severe. | 144 | 3 | 408d9def-155f-4ae8-8f3b-4d9124829589 | 2022 |
In Cognitive Processing Therapy (Resick and collaborators), the meanings of trauma are challenged in some areas where patients have the most difficulty; please indicate which areas: | Trust and Psychogenic Amnesia. | Self-esteem, confidence, feelings of emptiness and emotional numbness. | Security, trust, power/control, self-esteem and intimacy. | Psychology | Security and feelings of guilt. | 145 | 4 | b75b4f56-b57b-4df3-8929-bdf4afd5b194 | 2022 |
Which of the following components are part of the RGINA technique (gradual reduction of nicotine and tar intake) for the treatment of smoking? | Gradual reduction of the number of cigarettes and weekly change from one brand to another with a lower nicotine content. | Progress and relaxation training graph. | Weekly change of brand to another with a lower degree of nicotine and relaxation training. | Psychology | Gradual reduction in the number of cigarettes and training in coping skills. | 146 | 2 | cd0845df-38a5-42ff-9afa-6932f9c5cc31 | 2022 |
In combination with which protocol, has contingency management through incentives shown good results in the treatment of cocaine addiction? | Behavioral family therapy. | Motivational interview. | Exposure to signals therapy. | Psychology | Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) Program. | 147 | 3 | be9d01e0-0203-4efb-8fe1-f0c8081125f1 | 2022 |
In the treatment of bulimia nervosa and based on empirical evidence, what therapy can be considered an alternative to cognitive-behavioral therapy? | Cognitive-Analytic Psychotherapy. | Focal psychotherapy. | Systemic family therapy. | Psychology | Interpersonal therapy. | 148 | 3 | 95c49c54-4307-4fff-b2fd-7fb26c912db6 | 2022 |
Indicate which element is not part of the group cognitive-behavioral treatment model for hypersexuality disorder by Hallberg et al. (2019): | Impulse management techniques. | Basic Psychoeducation. | Interpersonal behavioral activation. | Psychology | Exposure and response prevention. | 149 | 3 | 825e88cd-31d9-42ef-a88a-7ac69df7409d | 2022 |
The procedure known as "thinking aloud" in the treatment of pathological gambling is used to: | Control the conditioned stimuli associated with the behavior of playing. | Identify the irrational thoughts that accompany the behavior of playing. | Identify the determinants of past relapses in gambling behavior. | Psychology | Modify the compulsive gaming patterns of pathological players. | 150 | 1 | 0a7b885c-c2ad-4349-8d18-13e7a12872ef | 2022 |
The use of estrogens or antiandrogens in the medical approach for some people with gender dysphoria, usually has the following effect: | Worsened mood and deterioration of the quality of life. | More symptoms of anxiety. | Reduce libido, although in some cases an increased interest in sex has been found. | Psychology | Greater aversion towards their genitals. | 152 | 4 | 45eeba29-d7ea-43af-a7e6-60e480115ed3 | 2022 |
The main objective of the psychological treatment of paraphilic disorders tends to be: | Avoid or reduce the likelihood of the behavior being carried out, which can even lead to a criminal act, or recurrence. | The elimination of the specific sexual interest that underlies paraphilia. | Empathize with the victims of their paraphilic disorder. | Psychology | The reduction of the general sexual desire or drive to decrease the likelihood of the paraphilic act. | 153 | 2 | 71061bcf-34b3-48ff-b1f8-57b7bed13c77 | 2022 |
At what point in the treatment of dissociative disorders will improving communication and self-care with patients with a lot of fragmentation be addressed? | This work with the parts will never begin in the first phase. | It will begin right from the first phase focused on stabilization. | It will begin in the second phase, the integration of memories, but never before. | Psychology | It will be necessary to address it in the third phase of personality integration, but never before. | 154 | 1 | c6047907-9a22-479f-9a07-b57081dc80a1 | 2022 |
One of the treatments that has proven to be effective for somatization (currently somatic symptom disorder in the DSM-5) is that of Woolfolk and Allen (2006). This treatment protocol integrates principles of standard cognitive behavioral therapy with: | Bateman and Fonagy's Mentalization Therapy. | Young's Schema Therapy. | Miller and Rollnick's motivational interview. | Psychology | Greenberg's Emotion-Focused Therapy. | 155 | 3 | 9c1cd439-ec98-4f39-b469-f081ba72dd3e | 2022 |
Interpersonal therapy: | Mixes cognitive, psychodynamic and gestalt techniques for emotional problems related to personal interactions. | It is a treatment of choice for social phobia. | It has shown a moderate level of evidence for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and a better level of evidence for depression. | Psychology | It has shown a high level of evidence for eating disorders. | 156 | 4 | b59ec8c0-4bcd-44f9-8f6a-bb49bca28cdb | 2022 |
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, is a therapy that has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of: | The bipolar disorder. | Sleep disorders. | Couple's problems. | Psychology | Social phobia. | 157 | 2 | 2b426509-d593-4b9d-a2ba-faf350b78298 | 2022 |
Emotion-focused therapy (Greenberg and collaborators): | It is a therapeutic model of cognitive nature that integrates the motivation-emotion dyad in the approach to depression. | It is a therapeutic model of psychoanalytic nature that integrates behavioral and cognitive techniques in addressing emotional disorders. | It is an experiential humanistic therapeutic model that integrates elements from client-centered practices and Gestalt. | Psychology | It is a therapeutic model focused on biofeedback as the main technique for balancing emotions. | 159 | 4 | f199341a-5d31-437e-bb7b-629257133f07 | 2022 |
Transfer-focused psychotherapy: | It is a psychodynamic treatment with empirical evidence for borderline personality disorder. | It is a humanistic treatment with empirical evidence for post-traumatic stress disorders. | It is a cognitive treatment with empirical evidence for depression. | Psychology | In a treatment that has not obtained empirical evidence about its effectiveness. | 160 | 2 | 7b2037c4-03c1-4455-909e-c3c30beddbe9 | 2022 |
According to Winter's proposal (1992), indicate what criterion a client must meet to be selected for an extraspective therapy: | Client with low logical consistency. | Client with non-central symptoms. | Client who constructs their problems in psychological terms. | Psychology | Client with a rigid construct system. | 161 | 3 | cc9e26bf-953d-4db3-a8e1-d75db2c3b63e | 2022 |
What is fundamental in brief, strategic, and solution-focused therapies? | Listen to and reconstruct the narrative of the problem presented by the client. | Effectively help patients change their present situation. | Arriving at a consensus diagnosis and free from stigmas. | Psychology | Convey convincingly that the client is understood, accepted, and appreciated. | 162 | 1 | 72bd5ebe-ab27-4451-a9cf-5aa3a79dee5e | 2022 |
How is the family structure perceived from the perspective of structural family therapy? | As the information that appears in the genogram. | As the kinship ties established through social and legal criteria that determine the rights and duties of each family member. | As the set of functional and dysfunctional communication guidelines that determine the roles and rules in multigenerational families. | Psychology | As an invisible set of demands and functional expectations that organize the way family members interact. | 163 | 3 | 20b4e491-ff01-4d32-a552-da70e819156e | 2022 |
What is the objective of metatheoretical integration in psychotherapy? | Contribute to increasing the number of therapeutic theories and practices available to expand the range of services offered by psychotherapists. | Achieve the unification of different psychotherapies through the articulation of a single theory applicable to all cases. | Halt the proliferation of sterile conceptualization forms in psychotherapy and guide oneself by the motto of "more results and less theories." | Psychology | Limit the theoretical and technical synthesis to those approaches that are epistemologically compatible. | 164 | 3 | 3e8855ae-2e15-45bb-b8ad-41f56f014671 | 2022 |
Beck's cognitive therapy for depression is conceived as a psychoeducational approach where the dialogue between therapist and client is essential for the therapy's development. This dialogue can be understood as a verbal interaction and, therefore, functionally analyzed, identifying the types of verbal operants that Skinner classified based on antecedent stimuli, responses, and reinforces, among others, the tact. How is tact defined?: | Verbal operant composed of a vocal response that has morphological similarity with the verbal discriminative stimulus. | Verbal operant that is under the control of a non-verbal discriminative stimulus, maintained by generalized social reinforcement. | Verbal operant under the control of verbal antecedents that do not bear morphological similarity with the operant itself. | Psychology | Verbal operant under the control of other verbal discriminative stimuli, maintained by negative reinforcers. | 165 | 1 | ab4bd616-61ac-4648-975b-3a52267132ac | 2022 |
Recent studies from behavior analysis have highlighted the role that rule-governed behavior plays in the development of depression problems. What do the studies conducted on rule-governed behavior suggest? | The behavior acquired through direct instructions tends to be less sensitive to environmental contingencies. | The insensitivity to environmental contingencies is an innate ability. | Following rules is an operant response completely unrelated to contingencies. | Psychology | Behavior governed by rules can only connect with sources of reinforcement similar to those of behavior shaped by contingencies. | 166 | 2 | d8364d82-8371-46d6-a6fc-814d659684d1 | 2022 |
In the functional analysis applied to a mood disorder, what is the difference between conditioned stimuli (CS) and discriminative stimuli (Sd) in terms of their relationship with the response they precede? | The EC triggers emotional responses and the Ed triggers motor responses. | The CS (Conditioned Stimulus) elicits the response and the Sd (Discriminative Stimulus) indicates the contingency relationship between the response and the reinforcer. | The EC generates automatic responses and the Ed generates voluntary responses. | Psychology | The CS establishes a contingency relationship with the CR and the SD establishes a contingency relationship with the subsequent stimulus. | 167 | 1 | b4281060-26cc-488d-9bf8-208c714b033e | 2022 |
Among the main international clinical recommendations for dissociative disorders would be a phased planning of the treatment process. The third phase of integration and rehabilitation: | The reintegration of the personality will be addressed. | It will focus on confronting, working and integrating traumatic memories. | It will focus on emotional regulation and interpersonal functioning. | Psychology | It will focus on interpersonal and social functionality along with the experimentation and verbalization of strong emotions. | 168 | 2 | 33838f50-fd58-470d-8b92-0a1d973d8f1e | 2022 |
In the therapeutic approach to psychosis, when do we say that appropriate metacommunication occurs? | When it is facilitated for the patient to refer to their own difficulties in the therapeutic relationship. | When the patient communicates their own thought processes, attention, memory and, especially, their language or speech processes. | When the patient identifies the mental states of unknown people in their environment. | Psychology | When the patient identifies the mental states of known people in his environment. | 169 | 2 | d66dfd0e-27ec-4e2a-a47f-214832068a14 | 2022 |
Which of these types of pharmacological treatment is not indicated for bipolar disorders?: | Atypical antipsychotics. | Mood stabilizers. | Venlafaxine. | Psychology | Antiepileptics. | 170 | 4 | 0a56673f-93b5-4289-b2e8-53ac18b1e7e6 | 2022 |
Regarding Beck's cognitive therapy for the treatment of severe depression, indicate the correct option: | The age range for its application is limited to 15-65 years old. | It is implemented in about 15-25 sessions. | You should adopt a non-directive style and unconditional acceptance. | Psychology | It should begin after the acute period. | 171 | 1 | d9fe7112-f974-490c-a54c-ebcf34a187ba | 2022 |
Which of the following techniques is not part of behavioral activation therapy for depression?: | Extinction of avoidances. | Attention to the experience. | Training in specific skills to obtain reinforcements. | Psychology | Improvement of routines and social rhythms. | 172 | 3 | 5c31e877-f6f8-4290-b3c9-1cea21aeb85b | 2022 |
Individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who show social disorganization, frequent relapses, high number of hospital admissions, scarce use of mental health services, and frequent visits to emergency services, should preferably be treated through: | Integrated multimodal treatments. | Assertive Community Treatment. | Cognitive-behavioral treatment for relapses. | Psychology | Assertive training and social skills. | 173 | 1 | 23366c2a-921f-48aa-a0e1-f429dcbf0a50 | 2022 |
Which psychological treatment used in schizophrenia has as one of its main objectives to work with the emotional regulation system called "threat and self-protection"? | Acceptance and commitment therapy for disruptive psychosis. | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis. | Cognitive therapy for disruptive psychosis. | Psychology | Compassion-focused therapy for psychosis. | 174 | 3 | 165dc9c8-9bde-4c34-9a7d-705ecb9119a5 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following processes is used to promote the so-called "mentalization" in Bateman and Fonagy's (2004) mentalization-based therapy, which has proven to be effective for personality disorders: | Activation of attachment schemas. | Reactivation of object relations. | Increase in acceptance and tolerance to discomfort. | Psychology | Analysis of feelings of emptiness. | 175 | 2 | eaaba67b-06b2-4c66-9149-3fe33d75b7c2 | 2022 |
Which of the following skills is not one of the fundamental objectives of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (Linehan, 1993) for Borderline Personality Disorders?: | Emotional regulation. | Interpersonal effectiveness. | Tolerance to discomfort. | Psychology | Resistance to change. | 176 | 3 | 45fbe1d2-a9a9-43f1-902b-52abb3c23e00 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following treatments for illness anxiety disorder/hypochondria aims to learn about the nature, perception and reporting of physical symptoms and about the psychological factors that amplify somatic discomfort: | Barsky's Cognitive-Educational Therapy. | Starcevic's cognitive-behavioral therapy for hypochondria. | The cognitive-behavioral therapy of Warwick and Salkovskis. | Psychology | Kellner's psychoeducational treatment for hypochondria. | 177 | 2 | 959f173f-5f41-4830-8e42-e80dba205725 | 2022 |
In which personality disorder are the techniques of modifying dichotomous thinking, time management, and problem solving used through cognitive behavioral therapy? | Dependent. | Schizotypic. | Schizoid. | Psychology | Obsessive-compulsive. | 178 | 3 | 73ae0b47-ab05-4ce1-86a4-126340e4a412 | 2022 |
Indicate the false statement regarding interpersonal therapy for depression: | It has a level of evidence equivalent to that of cognitive-behavioral therapy. | It proposes 4 areas of interpersonal intervention: grief, role transitions, interpersonal deficits, and role disputes. | Problem-solving techniques are included. | Psychology | It proposes 4 areas of intervention: life events, symptoms, avoidance, and interpersonal problems. | 179 | 3 | 8a69b737-4bad-4895-a4f5-a21abd6a5a35 | 2022 |
Indicate the correct option regarding digital intervention in psychosis: | It has been applied in the field of family intervention, with online psychoeducational interventions and forums among caregivers with promising results both in feasibility and utility. | Person-centered Cognitive Therapy for disruptive psychosis (PBCT) is one of the therapies that uses information and communication technologies in its development. | It consists of digital monitoring procedures of symptoms with the main objective of informing therapists about the patient's condition. | Psychology | It appears with a C recommendation level in the NICE guide. | 180 | 2 | 2a0bdbe0-e65e-4c40-8b86-429f2fcc81fb | 2022 |
Regarding treatment for psychosis, indicate the false option: | In individuals with high-risk mental states, a solid recommendation cannot be made as to which specific intervention (e.g., psychological, psychopharmacological, dietary, needs-based) is most effective for the prevention of psychosis. | In individuals with high-risk mental states, integrated psychological intervention and cognitive-behavioral therapy appear to be the most effective for the prevention of psychosis. | Prevention models can be applied both in individuals with high-risk mental states and in the first psychotic episodes. | Psychology | Preventive psychological treatments still do not appear in the main treatment guides for psychosis. | 181 | 3 | aeef4f52-6c29-4df2-b74d-65d6ec4bf9de | 2022 |
Which of the following statements is not true in relation to family intervention in psychosis?: | It is one of the most empirically validated psychosocial interventions in psychotic disorders. | It is primarily indicated for families of subjects with long-standing schizophrenia who exhibit a high expressed emotion. | It can be individually administered (single-family), group-administered (multi-family), or combined. | Psychology | Family interventions are considered an indicator of care quality in the NICE guide. | 182 | 1 | 426429e4-641d-42ca-a17f-26515d6dab7c | 2022 |
The absence of protodeclaratives (pointing with the finger to share an interest) at 18 months is a warning sign of: | It is not an indicator of pathology because it does not appear until two years old. | Language disorder. | Intellectual Disability. | Psychology | Autism Spectrum Disorder. | 183 | 3 | b77d3993-82f4-4ef8-8dab-8bcd11c6ef37 | 2022 |
Which of the following treatments or programs for psychological treatment in child and adolescent population does not follow a transdiagnostic treatment approach?: | Unified Protocol for Adolescents (UPA). | Super Skills for Life (SSL). | Multisystemic Therapy (MST). | Psychology | The Incredible Years (IY). | 184 | 3 | d9c9c2f2-dc03-4f1f-8e10-984ae50f134d | 2022 |
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