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Which of the following is a characteristic of negative automatic thoughts?: | They are vague and unclear, not concrete or specific. | They are not related to the search for solutions to the problems. | The person battles against them because it generates anxiety for him/her. | Psychology | The person recognizes them as absurd. | 80 | 1 | 1cef80de-8682-43e9-b2d6-dd638bfd5a75 | 2021 |
Regarding the disorganized or cognitive dimension in the spectrum of schizophrenia, the following can be stated: | Positive type speech/thought alterations were clearly similar in late-onset disorders. | Within the alterations of disorganized speech/thinking, those that are of syntactic and semantic nature tend to be the most enduring. | In the case of deficits in social cognition, the evidence shows that the main relationships are with anhedonia and are observed at the onset but they gradually dissipate over the course of schizophrenia until they disappear in remission. | Psychology | In the field of neurocognition, in people with schizophrenia, symptoms such as impairment of verbal memory and processing speed predominate. | 81 | 3 | 9b0a3c08-dbbb-4dfd-a760-3bde328764c6 | 2021 |
In bipolar disorder: | There is a higher probability of suffering from atypical symptoms than in unipolar depressions. | The probability of suicide is lower than in depressive disorders. | Rates of chronicity are lower than in depressive disorders. | Psychology | The number of women affected is higher than the number of men, while in depressive disorders, the difference between sexes is smaller. | 83 | 2 | 234ae0d5-954f-4bde-8b14-325dd5a48181 | 2021 |
Regarding clinical differences in schizophrenia based on gender, the following can be asserted: | Men initiate the psychotic process later than women. | In men, delusions of grandeur are more prevalent, while in women, hallucinations and strange behavior are more common. | Mortality is more associated with women. | Psychology | Among women, generally more severe symptoms of the negative dimension are observed. | 84 | 1 | 95cc3696-54fb-4cf1-b49d-a67ad5c0f7c2 | 2021 |
Regarding the brief or acute and transient psychotic disorder, the following can be stated: | An average onset age of 20 years is estimated. | It usually presents with negative symptoms but NOT with catatonia. | The diagnosis requires the complete remission of symptoms before two months have passed. | Psychology | It is estimated that they represent 9% of the first episodes of psychosis, with a higher incidence in women. | 85 | 3 | 993f8e0c-5a85-48f2-8d55-1e18ebd3798b | 2021 |
According to Wells' (1999) metacognitive model of general anxiety disorder (GAD), which of the following statements is incorrect? : | People with GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) hold negative beliefs about the consequences of worry. | Type 1 worries refer to external or internal situations of a cognitive nature. | People with GAD maintain an ambivalence between controlling worries and the need to worry. | Psychology | People with GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) try to avoid worry triggers to prevent the consequences. | 87 | 1 | 0b743569-1830-468b-951c-9a36f42d0fcd | 2021 |
According to Jaspers, primary delusions (as opposed to secondary delusions) are characterized by the following: | They are autonomous ideas, without any apparent external cause. | They occur in response to another anomalous phenomenon (affect, perception, etc.). | They are the first symptom that appears in the evolution of the disorder. | Psychology | They are understandable from the clinical history and a mental state examination. | 88 | 2 | a89c852e-d233-4ff5-8cf3-ff60ebfff655 | 2021 |
What alteration does a patient experience who shows indifference and lack of reaction to their surrounding environment, and can even remain immobile, requiring very intense stimuli to come out of that state? | Drowsiness. | Clouding. | Stupor. | Psychology | Drowsiness. | 89 | 4 | 662207a6-3a67-4efa-87b0-f920eb3b75ab | 2021 |
Some clinical characteristics of anorexia nervosa resemble or overlap with criteria for different disorders (DSM-5). Indicate which of the following options is the most accurate with regard to the previous statement: | Panic disorder and agoraphobia, adjustment disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. | Dysthymic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. | Social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. | Psychology | Depersonalization disorder, mixed anxiety and depression disorder, and social phobia. | 90 | 4 | 0dc58de2-9e32-4250-a160-abadf995b9ca | 2021 |
Sleepwalking is a parasomnia that predominantly occurs during the phase of: | Second third of the night. | Numbness (phase 1 of sleep). | Deep slow sleep (stages 3 and 4 of sleep). | Psychology | REM Sleep. | 91 | 4 | 3b793dac-40cb-4e4b-b2a1-d6ca5fec7fea | 2021 |
Regarding the development and course of narcolepsy, identify the incorrect option: | The course is usually persistent and lasts a lifetime. | The abrupt onset in prepubescent children can be associated with obesity. | In children, sleep paralysis usually develops after puberty. | Psychology | In 90% of the cases, the first symptom to appear is drowsiness. | 92 | 4 | 199ac145-a9c3-462a-bad2-32b532f246bf | 2021 |
According to the DSM-5, a preference for cross-dressing is a characteristic of gender dysphoria. | In adolescents. | In boys (assigned gender). | At any age. | Psychology | In adults. | 93 | 1 | 04c936e9-49a9-4f60-ad50-a1e8b0cd8587 | 2021 |
Regarding insomnia, the following can be stated: | The most widely used instrument for evaluation is the polysomnographic record. | In most cases, it usually has an acute onset. | Techniques such as paradoxical intention or biofeedback show high levels of effectiveness, as do relaxation or stimulus control. | Psychology | The treatment has, as one of its main objectives, achieving a sleep efficiency between 50-60%. | 94 | 1 | 9cad9041-6f9e-4f89-8229-bec39c9c1686 | 2021 |
In relation to the compensatory purgative behaviors in bulimia nervosa, the following can be asserted: | After vomiting, the fear of gaining weight increases. | Ingesting ipecac syrup is one of the most used procedures to induce vomiting. | Currently, vomiting is not the most frequent purgative compensatory behavior. | Psychology | In some cases, vomiting becomes a goal, and the patient binges with the intent to vomit or vomits after ingesting small amounts of food. | 95 | 3 | cb014272-c24b-4955-9747-c2fefaa6772b | 2021 |
Steinberg and Schnall (2000) have described five domains (regroupable into 3 areas) present in dissociation. Indicate which of the following symptoms would not belong to any of these areas: | Feeling of strangeness regarding one's own mental processes. | Intrusive memories. | Memory gaps. | Psychology | Suggestibility. | 96 | 3 | 7b2b2a73-31a6-48bf-88ea-c40ecfed34d3 | 2021 |
The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is the most used to measure dissociation. Within this scale, some items are more indicative of pathological dissociation. Which one is not one of them?: | Not recognizing friends or members of one's own family. | Visual hallucinations, of which the person may have some critique. | Hearing voices in the head that comment on the individual's actions. | Psychology | That the person feels that their body does not belong to them. | 97 | 1 | dd400736-425d-452c-b697-e5cc52151303 | 2021 |
Regarding dissociative amnesia, indicate the correct option: | Selective amnesia is characterized by being variable depending on the person the subject is talking to. | The localized amnesia that occurs after a trauma is an uncommon phenomenon. | Periodic amnesia is the global loss of memories from a specific moment and in a systematic manner. | Psychology | Generalized amnesia is a temporary loss of memory about a person's past. | 98 | 3 | 9dea668b-2303-42da-91ef-dec159f5c490 | 2021 |
In general, it is believed that the heritability of the personality dimensions of the Big Five: | It is 30%. | It is less than 30%. | It fluctuates between 40% and 60%. | Psychology | It is above 60%. | 99 | 4 | 8fc8876b-b6b9-4683-b41d-c60d8a7ff705 | 2021 |
In the context of a study on life satisfaction in different autonomous communities, knowing that the average in Spain is 50, and that the standard deviation is 10, in which autonomous community are its inhabitants more satisfied with life if we obtain the following scores?: Castile and Leon: direct score = 43; Madrid: z = 0.8; Valencian Community: T = 55; Andalusia = - 1SD. | Valencian Community. | Castile and Leon. | Madrid. | Psychology | Andalusia. | 100 | 4 | 12b22182-52c3-4969-ba90-4cf43964137c | 2021 |
What mechanism does inhibiting a previously punished behavior imply? | Active avoidance. | Passive avoidance. | Impulsivity. | Psychology | The conflict. | 101 | 1 | 1568bfe9-ce12-419e-80ea-06c1255010ac | 2021 |
With which personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of personality does the psychoticism (P) of H.J. Eysenck's personality model correlate most strongly? | Cordiality and responsibility. | Extraversion and warmth. | Neuroticism and openness. | Psychology | Responsibility and neuroticism. | 102 | 2 | d5165f80-a0e6-454e-89c4-8a9bde7a266c | 2021 |
Besides the g factor, what intellectual ability would the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test primarily assess? | Visuospatial intelligence. | Quantitative intelligence. | Fluid intelligence. | Psychology | Crystallized intelligence. | 103 | 4 | 25436d7e-a3d1-4a34-856e-82dcf47c7691 | 2021 |
In the Five Factor Model of personality by McCrae and Costa, of which dimension is masculinity-femininity a facet? | Extraversion. | Neuroticism. | It is not considered in the model. | Psychology | Cordiality. | 104 | 4 | 4d3925e5-2b34-472a-bd7f-0fc5d3c8d745 | 2021 |
In relation to the causes of individual differences, what is strict heritability? | The proportion of genotypic variance explained by phenotypic variance. | The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genotypic variance. | The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by additive genotypic variance. | Psychology | The proportion of additive phenotypic variance explained by genotypic variance. | 105 | 4 | 5f686ff5-f88a-4db9-95f3-8a818bc8c7ed | 2021 |
In the CHC model of intelligence proposed by Cattell-Horn-Carroll, the following is observed: | In stratum II, the specific factors corresponding to each of the second-order intellectual abilities are situated. | In the most basic layer I, the factor "g" is located. | In stratum IV, crystallized intelligence (Gc) and fluid intelligence (Gf) are located. | Psychology | Stratum III can be measured with scales such as the Merrill-Palmer Developmental Scales (MP-R) and the British Ability Scales (BAS-II), among others.
| 106 | 3 | 2cb29ff6-c6c5-48fd-821f-c4fc061b7a2b | 2021 |
The g factor: | It explains very little variance of individual differences in intelligence. | It is a statistical artifact in non-hierarchical models. | It accounts for approximately 50% of individual differences in intelligence. | Psychology | Pearson proposed it in 1905 through the technique of confirmatory factor analysis. | 107 | 4 | b4b42eab-d9e3-4a6e-895b-e3bfb7c34cd9 | 2021 |
Which of the following statements is applicable to the Q Classification? | The conditions of application depend on the objectives of the evaluated person. | The scoring alternatives are of forced choice. | The assessment material is previously established. | Psychology | The statistical treatment of the data should conform to a between-subjects design. | 108 | 1 | c3f55ffd-8300-4d5f-9094-a02d5080ea8e | 2021 |
Among the directive verbal interview techniques are action responses. What technique involves presenting the client with a hypothesis about the relations or meanings of their behaviors? | Interpretation. | Survey. | Test. | Psychology | Confrontation. | 109 | 2 | 61c3619f-9d13-447d-8fbd-79dbeb1a67e1 | 2021 |
Observation in an artificial situation is characterized by the following: | It is more commonly used in practice than in research. | The results tend to have less internal validity than in natural situation observation. | The results are as generalizable as in natural situation observation. | Psychology | It has great sensitivity as a dependent variable in the assessment of a treatment. | 110 | 3 | b6b534cb-21e5-4b1f-b18d-466f615d4978 | 2021 |
Depending on the age of application, what personality test could be applied to a 12-year-old boy/girl? | PAI-A. Personality Assessment Inventory for Adolescents. | MSCI. Millon Clinical Inventory for Adolescents. | MCMI IV-A. Millon's Multiaxial Clinical Inventory for Adolescents. | Psychology | MMPI-A. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents. | 111 | 2 | c4df2185-c460-4766-a132-9d0d28dac467 | 2021 |
Among the following intelligence assessment tests, which test includes the "memory index"?: | Intellectual Abilities Scale (BAS-II). | TEA Aptitude Battery (BAT-7). | Reynolds Intelligence Scale (RIAS). | Psychology | Matrices. General Intelligence Test. | 112 | 4 | 641a212a-2719-494f-9f4f-77b5ca4948d4 | 2021 |
As for the analysis of Kelly's grid, what is the name for the way of identifying cognitive conflicts based on the positive correlation between a congruent construct and a discrepant construct? | Implicative dilemmas. | Cognitive differences. | Dilemmatic constructs. | Psychology | Polarization. | 114 | 2 | 42f784db-f2b0-4144-8c14-c312b242a615 | 2021 |
During the clinical interview, the therapist wants to delve deeper into a topic that is being discussed, for which they say to the patient: "I see that you are feeling frustrated by the situation you are experiencing at your work." What verbal interview technique is the interviewer applying? | Clarification. | Paraphrase. | Reflex. | Psychology | Synthesis, recapitulation, or summary. | 115 | 4 | 10a745a6-42a0-4118-9e85-f250c250f3b7 | 2021 |
The assessment technique called "Systemic Knots" is: | Subjective. | Objective. | Neuropsychological. | Psychology | Projective. | 116 | 2 | f5fae775-5a69-403f-a1a7-b082af3745c1 | 2021 |
Regarding the assessment of intellectual functioning in children and adolescents: | The WISC-V scale includes information and arithmetic tests as the main tests. | The application age for the Reynolds Intelligence Scale (RIAS/RIST) is from 6 to 94 years old. | The BAT-7 test allows us to estimate the overall capacity "g", fluid intelligence, and also, crystallized intelligence. | Psychology | The old Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Manipulative IQ (MIQ) from the WPPSI scale have been replaced in the WPPSI-IV with Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and Manipulative Comprehension Index (MCI). | 117 | 4 | 32f49a77-1719-4cc8-87de-4d95f19889d8 | 2021 |
What is the intelligence model that conceptualizes test scores based on Contents, Operations, and Productions? | Sternberg's Triarchic Theory Model. | Vernon's Hierarchical Model. | The Wechsler intelligence model. | Psychology | Guilford's three-dimensional model. | 118 | 3 | 93957ce7-425a-4680-bfc1-d49727cdfffd | 2021 |
Which of the following tests has been designed by choosing its elements through a factorial strategy? | The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) by Hathaway and McKinley. | The EPI (Eysenck Personality Inventory) by Eysenck. | The CPI (California Psychological Inventory) by Gough. | Psychology | The PDS (Personal Data Sheet) by Woodworth. | 119 | 1 | 6eea2efc-8fda-493f-ac7d-f8c0b34904f8 | 2021 |
In the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-III and WAIS-IV), which index does the "Digits" test form part of? | Processing speed. | Verbal Understanding. | Working memory. | Psychology | Perceptual Organization. | 120 | 4 | 5cb6d74f-7ea4-4b0b-8572-6508fda363fb | 2021 |
A procedure that is used when we want to carry out an evaluation through observation are appreciation scales. Indicate which of the following is a characteristic of these scales: | These are techniques for which there is no prior structuring that guides the data collection, since the observer simply takes note of what is happening in the observation situation. | They aim to observe behaviors located within specific spatio-temporal coordinates with the objective of analyzing the relationships between behavior and environmental variables. | These are procedures in which the observer carries out the observation in a short period of time and is usually a non-participant observer. | Psychology | They are useful for having a first quantified approximation of a subject's problematic behaviors. | 121 | 3 | 013acd12-13ef-434c-8ed8-fd3a6fa2036b | 2021 |
In the causal diagrams used in functional analysis (FACCD) of clinical cases by Haynes, what does a thick line square symbolize? | Unidirectional causal variable. | High modificability of causal variables. | Strong relationship between variables. | Psychology | High importance of the problem. | 122 | 3 | 1380b1ef-daee-49e2-a57f-c5e7f9417720 | 2021 |
Which test is suitable for assessing externalized and internalized problems in children and adolescents? | DABS. Diagnostic Scale of Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents. | Q-PAD. Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Problems in Childhood and Adolescence. | SPECI. Screening for Problems and Behavior in Children and Adolescents. | Psychology | SENA. Child and Adolescent Evaluation System. | 123 | 3 | 7544ecda-e291-44c0-a040-bec965480ce2 | 2021 |
Which of the following materials or instructions are used in thematic projective techniques? (Fernández-Ballesteros, 1980): | Visual material of scant structure that the person being evaluated should structure by saying what they see or what it resembles. | Verbal or written instructions to draw a human figure or other figures. | Verbal or written instruction by which the subject must associate or complete words, sentences or stories. | Psychology | Visual material with varying degrees of structure, containing human or parahuman content to tell a story. | 124 | 3 | d7a64aa2-5742-4d44-8da0-600020bcc86c | 2021 |
What technique does a therapist use if, during the feedback interview, they try to offer the patient a different perspective on a situation or event? | Information. | Reorientation. | Framework. | Psychology | Psychoeducation. | 125 | 4 | 01542df3-3c2c-4e0a-ad9e-83c520d90f96 | 2021 |
What do we refer to when talking about the unanticipated collateral effects of the legitimate use of a test? | Ecological validity. | Effectual Validity. | Iatrogenic validity. | Psychology | Consequential validity. | 126 | 3 | 4b10f6e1-9e16-4170-a837-cc9b2b1f5573 | 2021 |
Of the following options, one does not refer to a procedure for systematic observation of specific behaviors aimed at analyzing the relationship between behavior and the environment (physical or social). Indicate which: | Interaction matrix. | Field format. | Holistic record of behavior. | Psychology | Behavioral maps. | 127 | 4 | 9de77df5-8a40-400b-915d-3507ea21f88d | 2021 |
In the psychophysiological evaluation, which of the following response options includes the concepts of habituation, sensitization, biofeedback, and reflex modulation?: | Startle reflex. | Reactivity. | Activation. | Psychology | Plasticity. | 128 | 3 | cb2a5850-da29-40ac-abd0-87911232c711 | 2021 |
Indicate which of the following distortions is not associated with Likert-type response formats: | Range restriction. | Scalar error. | Assent. | Psychology | Severity. | 129 | 4 | 1152dbd2-45c4-47fd-9151-d0dd3a918142 | 2021 |
Regarding the Computerized Adaptive Tests, the following can be stated: | The choice of the item to be presented at any given time usually depends on the calculation of the average ability shown in a random selection of the previous items. | The evaluation begins with the presentation of an item of difficulty lower than the skill of the person being evaluated, if prior information about such skill is available. | The most commonly used item selection strategy is the "variable branching" one. | Psychology | The end of the session takes place, in any case, after a previously set and standardized time in each test. | 130 | 4 | 689eb4a2-8b0e-48d7-a63a-ec0fd7ccf648 | 2021 |
Which of the following evaluation tests does not include the so-called "critical items"?: | BASC 3. Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents. | Bayley-III. Bayley Scales of Infant Development III. | PAI. Personality Assessment Inventory. | Psychology | M-CHAT. Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. | 131 | 1 | 0bdc241a-d7f7-400a-b8f1-c99ebed69991 | 2021 |
What advantage is not attributed to the structured interview in the clinical evaluation? | Allows for diagnoses of psychological disorders by interviewers with not high clinical training. | It increases the content validity by including questions that are directly related to the criteria it measures. | They show greater clinical utility than the semi-structured interview. | Psychology | Significantly increases the agreement between interviewers. | 132 | 4 | cc11363e-2b1e-48e6-a719-dd90af8a5637 | 2021 |
The REFOCUS clinical trial (Slade et al., 2015): | It suggests that a clinical approach following the CHIME model can facilitate recovery in people diagnosed with psychosis. | It tests a model of change process, for individuals diagnosed with psychosis, structured and sequenced in eight levels, thoroughly enumerated in the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES). | It compares the effects of a clinical approach following the CHIME model with those of a new intervention focused on the development and promotion of metacognition in people diagnosed with psychosis. The authors found no statistically significant differences between the two treatments. | Psychology | It suggests promising effects of mindfulness as a way to promote a conscious and non-judgmental attitude towards people diagnosed with psychosis. | 133 | 2 | 8cf33384-4da4-44e5-9c06-b679caa0a4db | 2021 |
In the tactical integration model proposed by Catherine G. Fine (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996) for the treatment of dissociative identity disorder, the abreactive work is introduced in: | The stage of cognitive-behavioral interventions. | The stage of surfacing of affect. | The stage of dissolution of affection. | Psychology | The stage of affect suppression. | 134 | 4 | 9ac33e04-fac7-4218-b1e3-3d414164fcfb | 2021 |
The treatment called Open Dialogue has been developed and used primarily for addressing individuals diagnosed with: | Depression. | Psychosis. | Personality disorders. | Psychology | Anxiety disorders. | 135 | 1 | 4161cf21-8efa-4094-b6db-d7c2b2940c5d | 2021 |
Which of the following modules does not belong to Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) for the treatment of schizophrenia?: | Metacognitive Rehabilitation. | Resolution of interpersonal problems. | Verbal communication. | Psychology | Cognitive differentiation. | 136 | 2 | 9f5576e2-eb93-4923-af73-8682f715b9b8 | 2021 |
The therapeutic principle that aims to place the client outside the content of their emotions, thoughts, or memories and instead seeks an identity that transcends them and that is the center from which to act, is called: | I as context. | Cognitive defusion. | Orientation towards experience. | Psychology | Metacognitive awareness. | 137 | 2 | 59fda69d-91d0-4765-9e38-80b7c37caf63 | 2021 |
We refer to a fixed interval reinforcement schedule: | When the reinforcer is obtained, if appropriate, after a pre-determined time to observe the behavior. | When the reinforcer is obtained, if applicable, after a certain number of behaviors emitted. | When the reinforcer is obtained, if applicable, according to a certain average time interval. | Psychology | When the reinforcer is obtained, if applicable, in a fixed and continuous manner. | 138 | 2 | 3c551a17-917f-4188-94b0-c5b5dfd2ce88 | 2021 |
Regarding cognitive therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which of the following statements is correct?: | It disregards response prevention given the patients' resistance to carry it out. | It emphasizes the cognitive restructuring of obsessive ideas. | It is used as a support therapy to improve adherence to exposure with response prevention, given the high level of abandonment. | Psychology | Psychoeducation emphasizes differentiating inappropriate metacognitive evaluations from obsessive ideas. | 139 | 3 | f79b6532-b69b-4eba-ad03-c0ac7d381f51 | 2021 |
The elaborative processing of the present (Borkovec, 2004) is taken by Clark and Beck (2010) as a component of the cognitive treatment of: | Generalized Anxiety Disorder. | The prevention of relapses in depression. | The panic disorder. | Psychology | Post-traumatic stress disorder. | 140 | 2 | 6ee1aa0f-5f67-43ac-9e83-d8a8c861a6a7 | 2021 |
In Clark and Beck's cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders (2010), the cognitive intervention for post-event processing (post mortem) is especially necessary in: | Post-traumatic stress disorder. | Agoraphobia. | The social anxiety disorder. | Psychology | Obsessive compulsive disorder. | 141 | 4 | 43fe60bf-3323-4d74-9e49-133c50defe06 | 2021 |
The destabilization (or unbalancing) is a characteristic technique of structural therapy (Minuchin) and it consists of: | That the therapist abandons neutrality to provide strong support to a family subsystem. | Reformulate the problem in relational terms and not linear ones, in a way that disrupts and restructures family dynamics. | Position oneself with the strongest subsystem in a way that strengthens the cohesion of the weakest subsystem. | Psychology | Interview separately a family subsystem to create imbalances that can later be jointly addressed. | 143 | 2 | 1d898d83-1dad-44c7-9519-b1b530eb37d7 | 2021 |
Which active listening technique (directive) helps to understand the treatment objectives and to change the way the interviewee interprets another person's behavior, or a situation, to enable them to respond differently? | Framework. | Inquiry or survey. | Instructions. | Psychology | Confrontation. | 144 | 2 | 052903bb-1bb6-47f0-bb64-569f0638cecb | 2021 |
According to Young, Klosko, and Weishaar's Schema Therapy (2003), when a person is asked to conduct imaginary dialogues with their parents or other significant people in order to identify their problematic schemas and emotions, they are being asked to perform a strategy: | Of cognitive type. | To break behavioral patterns. | Of metacognitive type. | Psychology | Of experiential type. | 145 | 3 | 3fe53561-c107-444d-bc8f-64b73a5f872c | 2021 |
Among the general principles to promote change proposed by Livesley, Dimaggio, and Clarkin (2016), the promotion of self-observation, self-knowledge, and self-reflection refers to: | The consistency of psychological treatment. | The structure of psychological treatment. | The development of metacognition throughout psychological treatment. | Psychology | Motivation and monitoring of change throughout psychological treatment. | 146 | 4 | 1ae44d87-e8ef-4513-9884-f2a203440c39 | 2021 |
The exercise of directing the eyeballs to the center of the forehead and conjuring up a color in the imagination is a task that is part of the following treatment technique: | Mindfulness visualization. | EMDR. | Guided visualization training. | Psychology | Autogenic training. | 147 | 3 | 7dbb2b97-5b8d-4f87-8892-16869583f516 | 2021 |
Miller and Rollnick's motivational interview predominantly proposes a therapeutic style: | Reflective. | Executive. | Of accompaniment. | Psychology | As a guide. | 148 | 3 | 0d552ef6-6ed1-4382-bd6c-b1169501f98f | 2021 |
In Problem-Solving Therapy (D`Zurilla and Nezu), three styles of problem-solving are described; indicate which ones: | Two positives: rational and optimistic; and one negative: denier. | One positive: rational; and two negatives: avoidant and impulsive-negligent. | Two positives: rational and prudent; and one negative: dependent-negotiator. | Psychology | One positive: realistic; and two negatives: denying and aggressive. | 149 | 1 | 27ba8b78-e070-4ffc-80d1-46b0483e9c59 | 2021 |
The Moviola Technique, a self-observation method that aims for the person to understand the dynamics between their immediate experience and the explanation of that experience, was developed within the context of: | V. Guidano's Postrationalist Cognitive Therapy. | R. Wessler's Cognitive Evaluation Therapy. | L. Greenberg's Emotion-Focused Therapy. | Psychology | S. Hayes' Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. | 150 | 2 | 9d69e366-7ad3-4efe-8900-1e238f6311a8 | 2021 |
Within the framework of active listening techniques, which of the following objectives does not specifically correspond with the technique of self-disclosure?: | Share information that may be useful to the person. | Make the person feel understood. | Provide feedback on a specific moment of the interview. | Psychology | Model new behaviors. | 151 | 4 | 4284eddc-9447-4b89-b677-9d8f6c2ffa9a | 2021 |
Enriched Systematic Desensitization consists of: | Increase relaxation exercises. | Increase the elements in the hierarchy. | Increase the pass of each element (repeat it between 2 and 4 times). | Psychology | Add some type of physical stimulation. | 152 | 3 | 35494797-f83a-4475-878f-7a8548c06ba8 | 2021 |
According to Bateman and Fonagy (2016), creators of Mentalization-based Therapy, there are three pre-mentalizing modes (non-mentalizing modes of thinking) from which people suffering from a personality disorder usually function and which are actively worked on in session. Indicate which ones: | Psychic equivalence, teleological mode, and logical mode. | Pseudometacognition, teleological mode and rational mode. | Psychic equivalence, teleological mode, and simulated mode. | Psychology | Simulated mode, emotional mode, and rational mode. | 153 | 4 | 6238f9ba-cf07-480a-911b-08712329e812 | 2021 |
The interview designed by Otto Kernberg specifically to assess identity issues, which is used in the evaluation phase of Transference Focused Therapy, is known as: | Structural interview. | Transference interview. | IPDE. | Psychology | DIB-R. | 154 | 2 | 19be3adc-54ae-4253-a32f-3bc5c681c34f | 2021 |
Regarding Dialectical Behavior Therapy, it can be stated as follows: | The main focus of the treatment is the development of social skills. | It is a therapy designed for the outpatient treatment of borderline personality disorder and is not applied in other therapeutic settings. | It is contraindicated in patients in crisis who exhibit severe suicidal behaviors and self-harm. | Psychology | It is a cognitive-behavioral approach originally developed to treat patients with chronic suicidal tendencies. | 155 | 3 | 646c7e7a-3ea0-4b4e-8ec3-24a5936baebe | 2021 |
Cognitive analytic psychotherapy is a treatment adapted for individuals with borderline personality disorder. This treatment is based on the following explanatory model of the pathology: | Functional model of the self. | Metacognitive model. | Integrative model of personality disorders. | Psychology | Multiple states model of self. | 156 | 3 | c9d28966-6b97-4be3-aa2d-64244953cb33 | 2021 |
In relation to Wells' Metacognitive Therapy (2009), which of the following tasks does not correspond to those specifically aimed at helping people develop their metacognition? | The task of the frog. | The tiger's task. | The task of free association. | Psychology | The task of the metaphor of recalcitrant children. | 157 | 2 | 36c0e7d9-775a-4ab2-8bc1-8e1b728c0e01 | 2021 |
In the psychological treatment of delusional ideas by Chadwick and Lowe (1990), the use of empirical verification should be applied: | After the verbal questioning. | Before the verbal questioning. | Alternatively to verbal questioning. | Psychology | Simultaneously to the verbal questioning. | 158 | 2 | 41da15a1-3b93-49cc-b237-7b373597e009 | 2021 |
In the psychological treatment of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, which two components are specifically trained in Integrated Neurocognitive Therapy (e.g., Roder et al., 2010)?: | Neurocognition and social cognition. | Social skills and neurocognition. | Social perception and metacognition. | Psychology | Self-knowledge and metacognition. | 159 | 2 | 8ba86d27-8e3a-43c8-ad45-9e119ebf7b06 | 2021 |
In psychological treatment for psychosis, AVATAR Therapy (use of avatars) has been developed and validated with the essential aim of: | Reduce hallucinatory experiences of any sensory modality and delusional beliefs resistant to medication. | Reduce the frequency and discomfort of verbal auditory hallucinations resistant to medication. | Improve neurocognitive functions and social and occupational dysfunction. | Psychology | Reduce the delusional ideas of being controlled, of influence or passivity, as well as persistent delusional ideas of other types. | 160 | 1 | 1e5b7434-9399-4c8d-a0f8-bae445431bc9 | 2021 |
Based on the degree of invasiveness of medical symptomatic treatments for erectile dysfunction, these are classified as first line, second line, and third line. According to this classification, what degree are intracavernosal injections considered? | Second-line. | Frontline. | Fourth line. | Psychology | Third line. | 161 | 2 | dbe537db-5572-4181-a837-350bccfe7a90 | 2021 |
Indicate which of the following options does not refer to one of the treatments that has the best results for vaginismus: | Restructuring of irrational beliefs. | Systematic desensitization in vivo. | Individual training. | Psychology | Non-demanding intercourse. | 162 | 3 | 3a714400-76c2-4363-9702-7b756acb7215 | 2021 |
According to the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (2011), the first phase of treatment for dissociative disorders consists of: | Stabilize, reduce symptoms, and train in skills (of emotional regulation, etc.). | Integrate and rehabilitate identity. | Confront, work through and integrate traumatic memories. | Psychology | Modify cognitive schemas. | 163 | 2 | 1318bf87-8e30-4d85-9755-caaa142b04d1 | 2021 |
In relation to the anxiety disorder due to illness/hypochondria, which treatment model places special emphasis on cognitive-perceptual deficits or "amplifying somatic style"? | The Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of Warwick and Salkovskis. | Barsky's Cognitive-Educational Therapy. | Resick and Schnicke's Cognitive Processing Therapy. | Psychology | Bouman's Cognitive-behavioral Therapy. | 164 | 1 | 2b61484e-0dbc-41b9-a340-146015cecd19 | 2021 |
Which of the following statements about the pharmacological treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) is true: | The anti-bulimic effects of antidepressant medication directly depend on its previous effects on mood. | Antidepressant medication is used to relieve symptoms such as depression, anxiety and obsessions, these being its therapeutic target, its specific use on bulimic symptoms such as lack of impulse control, binges or purgative behaviors has not been described. | The presence of depressive symptoms is the most important indicator for predicting which patients with BN can benefit from treatment with antidepressant medication. | Psychology | Research on the use of antidepressants in BN suggests that this medication has different mechanisms of action for depressive symptoms and bulimic symptoms. | 165 | 3 | ed7c75c3-56fc-4ece-b8f4-81c0b5a42206 | 2021 |
Indicate which of the following techniques, derived from the cognitive-behavioral theoretical models of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) (Clark and Wells, 1995; Rapee and Heimberg, 1997; Wells and Clark, 1997), addresses the correction of the distorted self-image in social situations that many patients suffering from this problem often present: | Video-feedback technique. | Image restructuring technique. | Self-compassion technique. | Psychology | Attentional focus shifting technique. | 167 | 2 | 9d304dad-c514-4c1c-a5bc-31ef77202bc3 | 2021 |
One of the distinctive features of Barlow's Panic Control Treatment Program (Barlow and Cerny, 1998; Barlow and Craske, 1989, 2007), versus the Group Therapy Program of Clark (1989) is that: | Greater emphasis is placed on the detection and restructuring of catastrophic cognitions. | Emphasis is placed on exposure to interoceptive sensations. | The emphasis is on the inclusion of deep relaxation techniques. | Psychology | The use of behavioral experiments is emphasized to demonstrate the role of cognitions in panic attacks. | 168 | 1 | cfcdc1f7-8764-4434-9bca-7bf350490c47 | 2021 |
Indicate which of the following treatment modules is not included in the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders by Barlow et al. (2011): | Awareness of emotion focused on the present. | Problem solving. | Interoceptive exposure and to emotions. | Psychology | Cognitive flexibility. | 169 | 1 | 0e732111-c03a-4098-a178-b52102233d01 | 2021 |
What is the main effect of disulfiram or calcium cyanamide in the treatment of alcoholism? | Reduce alcohol intoxication in the event that one drinks excessively. | Produce an aversive conditioning in the event that the person consumes alcohol. | Reduce the effects of alcohol and help maintain controlled drinking. | Psychology | Reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens, etc.) when one has been without drinking for a while. | 170 | 1 | 7305e900-2e71-47f6-b41a-e2d1653bcfb2 | 2021 |
What is the goal of opioid addiction treatments using antagonists, such as naltrexone? | Reduce the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome. | Block the subjective effects of heroin so that the extinction of consumption behavior occurs. | As maintenance therapy, the aim is psychosocial rehabilitation. Once this rehabilitation is achieved, the consumption of naltrexone is gradually reduced. | Psychology | Reduce the opiate detoxification time in the early stages of treatment. | 171 | 1 | e1860061-3203-4e48-a338-3dd876a014ae | 2021 |
In depressive disorders, regarding sadness as a very common emotional symptom, the concept of "overproduction of emotion" appears, which refers to: | The intensity of sadness, which must always be present to establish the diagnosis of depression. | The coexistence of sadness with other negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, fear, or shame, among others. | The patient's evolutionary history, where the emotion of sadness must have been present in an intense and continuous manner. | Psychology | The onset of depression, which is characterized by markedly disproportionate sadness. | 172 | 1 | 94f5b5ea-0dfb-4eec-82b1-490cd3ae406a | 2021 |
Regarding pharmacological treatment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), identify the incorrect option: | The WHO does not include methylphenidate in the list of essential medicines (WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: EML). | Methylphenidate is a recommended treatment in some of the most important clinical practice guidelines based on referential scientific evidence, such as the NICE guideline or the Clinical Practice Guideline on ADHD in children and adolescents from the Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality of Spain (2010). | In general, atomoxetine has not shown better results than methylphenidate in the pharmacological treatment of ADHD. | Psychology | The WHO advises against the use of methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD. | 173 | 3 | e6a1bb6d-e7a9-425a-9939-e3f41696af7f | 2021 |
Which of the following therapeutic strategies is not included in Cognitive Therapy for Depression (Beck et al.): | Induction of self-compassion. | Scheduling of rewarding activities. | Detect and modify the "shoulds". | Psychology | Access the primary adaptive emotion. | 174 | 3 | 926a16fc-b752-4818-b6ba-6adc15dcf114 | 2021 |
The scheduling of enjoyable activities is a strategy that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. Indicate, regarding this technique, which of the following statements is incorrect: | For the cognitive therapist, it is a means to achieve modifications of the patient's cognitions. | It is one of the most important strategies in cognitive therapy and should be applied in severe patients at the beginning of treatment, in order to apply cognitive techniques afterwards. | In cognitive therapy, it serves to test the belief that patients cannot do anything. | Psychology | In the Coping with Depression Course (CAD; Lewinsohn and colleagues), social skills training is added to the programs of enjoyable activities, but cognitive therapy is considered unnecessary. | 175 | 3 | e29ab0cf-f585-4d72-847f-e85b3046ed52 | 2021 |
Which of the following active ingredients corresponds to an SNRI (Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor) antidepressant?: | Paroxetine. | Chlorazepate. | Sertraline. | Psychology | Venlafaxine. | 176 | 3 | 50f07854-5c99-4758-95ee-6cf734d78701 | 2021 |
In a box plot graph, a value is considered an outlier when it is more than: | 1.5 interquartile ranges from the upper or lower part of the box. | 1.5 standard deviations above or below the mean. | 1.5 interquartile ranges above or below the mean. | Psychology | 1.5 standard deviations from the top or bottom of the box. | 177 | 2 | 9ef39e1b-a0e5-4bf3-9b69-e5a92e360901 | 2021 |
It is typical for adolescents to see themselves as special and different from everyone else, with unique experiences and ideas that others do not have. This type of thinking is called: | Myth of invincibility. | Personal fable. | Fantasy of exclusivity. | Psychology | Imaginary audience. | 178 | 1 | da43a62c-1316-4190-98c4-c60af408e3ac | 2021 |
Indicate which of the following drugs has proven to be most effective for the treatment of positive symptoms resistant to other antipsychotics, also showing a potential anti-suicide effect: | Fluphenazine. | Asenapine. | Clotiapine. | Psychology | Clozapine. | 179 | 3 | 08547617-3b6c-439f-a9a8-758b92726593 | 2021 |
Regarding psychosis, and referring to the negative and affective dimensions, indicate the correct option: | The DSM 5 does not consider anhedonia as a negative symptom. | The more severe the negative symptoms are, the less likely it is that prominent depressive symptoms will be observed. | There does not seem to be a significant association between depressive symptoms and disorganized ones. | Psychology | There does not seem to be a relationship between a negative self-concept and, in general, negative affectivity with positive symptoms, and more specifically with persecutory delusions. | 180 | 1 | 55086fd4-ab85-425b-a9b8-9fdac9a90005 | 2021 |
Within systematic observation, what can be said about the systematized record known as "trait list"? | It constitutes the basis for the construction of ad hoc observation instruments. | It consists of a list of behaviors that belong to different dimensions. | It is used in the stage of passive observation or pre-scientific. | Psychology | The catalogs are closed and exhaustive lists. | 183 | 2 | f5a7f69f-d46c-40eb-aca7-16b93e7d59eb | 2021 |
Which statement is correct concerning the psychophysiological assessment of schizophrenia?: | Electrodermal responsiveness shows a greater association with positive symptoms than with negative ones. | In longitudinal studies, it is observed that the greater the symptomatic presence, the greater the amplitude of the P-300 wave. | The emotional modulation of the startle reflex is normal when stimuli with pleasing or neutral content are visualized. | Psychology | The slow eye tracking movements show an abnormally high frequency of fast movements. | 184 | 3 | 5ba722d4-aaff-44f0-9a0d-16946b81aecf | 2021 |
In addicts, the loss of control over behavior and the compulsive use of abuse drugs would be partly explained by neuroadaptations that lead to: | Frontal hyperfunction and increase in glutamatergic signal in the prefrontal circuits. | Hypofunction of the striatum and reduction of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. | Hyperfunction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei and decrease in melatonin synthesis. | Psychology | Frontal hypofunction and sensitization of the activity of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. | 185 | 3 | 96da29bf-4d77-41e0-a38c-940517c61938 | 2021 |
A child, when asked why one should not hit a classmate, answers: 'because if the teacher sees you, she will punish you'. According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral development is he?: | Instrumental level. | Preconventional level. | Intuitive level. | Psychology | Formal level. | 1 | 1 | 96a18e4d-b238-405a-8ea0-d8fe82468a15 | 2020 |
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