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When faced with two rows with the same number of coins each, a child believes that the longer row has more coins than the shorter one. At what stage of Piaget's is this child? | Concrete operations. | Formal operations. | Sensorimotor. | Psychology | Preoperational or intuitive. | 2 | 3 | d9272041-2329-4b80-b8f4-25c01a16d91b | 2020 |
According to Erik Erikson's proposal, the crisis or challenge that people have to address in middle age is called: | Productivity. | Intimacy. | Generativity. | Psychology | Integrity. | 3 | 4 | 3b9536e3-1dbb-41ad-a263-3b92fc41220b | 2020 |
An instruction technique in which someone more experienced provides temporary support to the child in that which is close to being understood or in skills close to being achieved by the child, is referred to as: | Proximal learning. | Vicarious learning. | Scaffolding. | Psychology | Zone of proximal development. | 4 | 4 | 26606a87-2dc7-4abd-a018-68603da5c4fd | 2020 |
Triandis (1995) proposes the terms idiocentrism and allocentrism to designate the personal tendencies that are reflections of the culture. Some differences between idiocentric and allocentric subjects are that: | Idiocentric individuals are more motivated by achievement, while allocentric individuals are more prone to experiencing stress. | Idiocentric individuals tend towards dominance while allocentric individuals display higher levels of conformity. | Idiocentric individuals are more amiable and allocentric individuals are more optimistic. | Psychology | Idiocentric individuals are more affable, while allocentric individuals are more competitive. | 5 | 1 | 62d7987a-bedb-4e8d-a377-08c71ce41651 | 2020 |
We get angry when our football team loses a league, we rejoice when our best friend gets the job they longed for and we suffer when a loved one leaves us. According to Frijda, the reason that explains these emotions is the: | Law of apparent reality. | Law of Interest. | Law of Closure. | Psychology | Law of conservation of emotional momentum. | 6 | 1 | b8ba16d1-5808-4548-ba5c-f05a9ce69af7 | 2020 |
The food alert resulting from a listeria outbreak associated with a brand of shredded meat led to a drastic decrease in consumption not only of this type of product but also of similar ones. The consumer's judgment was affected by one of the heuristics described by Kahneman and Tversky, the heuristic of: | Availability. | Cognitive Conservatism. | Control. | Psychology | Attitude. | 7 | 2 | 0a9242c9-3129-401c-ba23-755ddaeb306e | 2020 |
Markus (1977) proposes the concept of "self-schemas" which indicates that, in the same way we form cognitive structures about other phenomena, we also form these structures in relation to the self. Regarding these self-schemas, we can affirm that: | They are cognitive generalizations about ourselves, so they are not affected by cultural influences. | They affect the speed at which we process information related to ourselves but do not influence the memory or recall of this information. | They represent not only the current consideration of our self but also our "possible selves" (such as what we believe we will become or what we would like to become). | Psychology | As cognitive structures, they are not related to affective or motivational variables. | 8 | 4 | cdfed82d-c694-49ee-9771-4c27199071ce | 2020 |
What type of covariation between genes and environment are we referring to if it is the parents themselves who transmit both the genotype and the suitable environment for the development of a trait? | Specific. | Active. | Reactive. | Psychology | Passive. | 9 | 3 | fa814c87-6f71-4531-8c88-aacfd965ff28 | 2020 |
Based on Guilford's cubic model of intellectual structure, indicate which facets of the "mental operation" and "content" dimensions are involved if a child is asked to list all the mammalian animals they know: | Semantic divergence. | Semantic Convergence. | Symbolic divergent. | Psychology | Symbolic Convergence. | 10 | 1 | 549e7720-fc9f-4506-9965-317c142f3940 | 2020 |
According to H.J. Eysenck's hierarchical model, indicate at what level the fact that a person regularly gets angry and experiences feelings of guilt and anxiety both at home and at work is situated: | Response pattern. | Stereotyped response. | Trait. | Psychology | Habit. | 11 | 4 | 107828cc-58d9-4cd7-868f-0deb62693f60 | 2020 |
Indicate what can be generally affirmed about the stability of personality over time: | The stability of intelligence is clearer than that of personality. | Personality is less stable in short periods of time than when considering longer periods. | There are no individual differences in stability during development. | Psychology | The scores on personality tests are very stable throughout the life cycle. | 12 | 2 | ffb7e2e4-98bd-4e1e-9d99-15139e3dc187 | 2020 |
While studying with the window open, you hear a song and your mind travels back to last summer, and the last party where you met a very interesting person, whom you have not heard from since. Your mind goes from one image to another, and before you know it, 10 minutes have passed. This process reflects, according to R.J. Sternberg's model: | The functioning of the correlates of intelligence. | How the "components" or elementary information processes operate. | The association between auditory ability and focused attention. | Psychology | The great association between auditory ability and memory, the basis of individual differences in intelligence. | 13 | 1 | dbf73969-04f4-4d21-9c60-16a7d7a28b9b | 2020 |
Regarding the relationship between intelligence (crystallized and fluid) and age, indicate the correct option: | From the age at which they reach the maximum level, both types of intelligence are maintained over time without variation. | From the age at which they reach the maximum level, fluid intelligence experiences a more pronounced decline than crystallized intelligence. | The course of both types of intelligence is stable from adolescence onwards. | Psychology | The course of both types of intelligence is fluctuating, without there being a defined pattern of increase or decrease associated with age. | 14 | 1 | 4e66edb9-3d8c-4b70-9289-923f7eddfed7 | 2020 |
In the Five Factor Model by McCrae and Costa, to which dimension does the facet of impulsivity belong? | Extraversion. | Neuroticism. | Responsibility. | Psychology | Sensation seeking. | 15 | 1 | 163bf5f4-399f-476a-aab3-42340c868aec | 2020 |
In the Big Five model, there is a personality dimension whose average levels consistently increase throughout the life cycle. Which one is it?: | Extraversion. | Responsibility. | Openness to experience. | Psychology | Negative emotionality. | 16 | 1 | c8ce79ae-563d-49fc-9630-188d197f9224 | 2020 |
In relation to the causes of individual differences, what is broad heritability? | The proportion of genotypic variance explained by phenotypic variance. | The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genotypic variance. | The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by additive genotypic variance. | Psychology | The proportion of additive phenotypic variance explained by genotypic variance. | 17 | 1 | 73019e74-f284-4a35-abbd-fe0bf2b0f28b | 2020 |
The "arithmetic facts" (automated operations that are stored in verbal memory) are retrieved from memory by: | The fusiform gyrus. | The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. | The intraparietal sulcus. | Psychology | The angular gyrus. | 18 | 3 | 8d507753-8de0-4cb2-86fe-906acb179f9f | 2020 |
The main efferent pathway of the hippocampal formation is: | The dentate gyrus. | The suprachiasmatic nucleus. | The CA3 field. | Psychology | The fornix. | 19 | 3 | 2927d2e3-07e1-492b-be90-ac44f15c7efa | 2020 |
It is essential for detecting disgust in others and experiencing one's own disgust. | The anterior insula. | The fusiform gyrus. | The superior temporal sulcus. | Psychology | The temporoparietal junction. | 20 | 2 | 85c6689e-b95b-4df5-b8fd-cf9babb6c3ef | 2020 |
Which protein is necessary for the establishment of long-term potentiation of long duration (LTP-LD): | The influx of calcium ions and subsequent activation of enzymes such as CaM-KII. | The nitric oxide released by the presynaptic neuron. | The enzyme PKM-zeta, by facilitating the displacement of AMPA receptors to the terminal membrane. | Psychology | The activation of NMDA receptors activated by ligand and by voltage. | 21 | 4 | c3ea4926-4ba7-4fcf-8248-2e9a3b968c58 | 2020 |
The extinction of conditioned emotional responses is fundamentally related to the activity of: | The insula. | The ventromedial prefrontal cortex. | The nucleus accumbens. | Psychology | The posterior cingulate cortex. | 22 | 1 | 9dc918f3-cb5b-44cf-9c06-0cdcd1469031 | 2020 |
During embryonic development, the absence of Müllerian inhibiting hormone is related to: | The alteration of the SRY gene (sex-determining region Y). | Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. | Defeminization does not occur. | Psychology | The inhibition in the synthesis of dihydrotestosterone. | 23 | 4 | 7d4a4172-0b35-4445-a406-6b0b195773b5 | 2020 |
The proteins responsible for producing and maintaining stable concentrations of sodium and potassium on both sides of the membrane, and therefore ensuring the stability of the resting potential and allowing the future action potential are: | Voltage-controlled sodium and potassium channels. | The passive sodium and potassium channels. | The G proteins. | Psychology | The sodium-potassium pumps. | 24 | 3 | f46fceee-98b1-4626-af54-ddc44de02201 | 2020 |
In synaptic transmission, for the neurotransmitter to be successfully released into the synaptic space, it is necessary: | That the voltage-controlled calcium channels open, and calcium enters the terminal button. | That an excitatory postsynaptic potential is transmitted along the axon and reaches the terminal button. | Activate the presynaptic autoreceptors. | Psychology | That the vesicles containing the neurotransmitter fuse with the active zones of the postsynaptic membrane. | 25 | 2 | 528c616f-8fd0-4bd2-bb33-e1077b1b21c7 | 2020 |
The REM Sleep: | It is produced by the stimulation of the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nucleus. | It is produced by the cholinergic stimulation of the pontine reticular formation. | Displays a slow and high voltage EEG. | Psychology | It is associated with a decrease in body temperature and energy consumption. | 26 | 1 | 57abafa6-4763-4203-a804-47874e921df1 | 2020 |
The ventrolateral preoptic area (APOvl): | Facilitates relational learning during REM sleep. | It is a region promoting slow wave sleep. | It inhibits the secretion of GABA in the brain. | Psychology | It is stimulated by the orexinergic neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. | 27 | 1 | 8416c06b-3d3c-4e25-8995-8b8d173bf7af | 2020 |
In relation to the treatment of the manic phase in bipolar disorder, which of the following statements is correct?: | A maximum of 48 hours must be waited to determine the changes in serum lithium concentrations after a dose modification. | If necessary to prescribe an antipsychotic, the preference will be to use atypical antipsychotics as these will help to produce a shift towards the depressive phase. | Treatment with valproic acid is considered an effective alternative in patients who do not respond to treatment with lithium. | Psychology | The use of any benzodiazepine is contraindicated in this phase of the disorder. | 28 | 4 | 71f93870-7c7e-4155-91a4-60d436f855bb | 2020 |
Regarding the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), indicate the false option: | Hypersomnia and a craving for carbohydrates are predictors of a good response to phototherapy. | Phototherapy is more effective if administered in the morning. | It is important that the light contains little energy from the ultraviolet spectrum to minimize the side effects of phototherapy. | Psychology | The intensity of the light in phototherapy should always be below 8500 lux. | 29 | 3 | 420233cb-dfe5-4f34-bf2d-d15b14f3771e | 2020 |
Interpersonal Therapy has been widely applied in the treatment of depression. What characterizes Interpersonal Therapy? | It emphasizes the role of childhood interpersonal experiences. | Interpersonal therapy emphasizes detecting automatic interpersonal thoughts. | It is based on the medical model of depressive illness. | Psychology | Focus on changing the personality that is causing interpersonal conflicts. | 30 | 4 | 6748b499-74db-4297-8743-08eabf508e47 | 2020 |
In psychological treatment, the therapist asks the client to analyze what solutions they have been applying to their disorder up until now. They ask him to assess whether they have been successful, inefficient, or even harmful. They are applying: | The creative hopelessness phase of acceptance and commitment therapy. | The reconstruction of the affective style of constructivist therapy. | The temporal projection of cognitive therapy. | Psychology | The theory of scripting in transactional analysis. | 31 | 2 | f3973dcd-6516-487a-8d00-767d3fab22bd | 2020 |
Treatment with Interpersonal Therapy (Klerman, Weissman et al., 1979) focuses on addressing the following four areas of interpersonal problems related to the onset or maintenance of the patient's depressive episode: | Grief, guilt, loss, interpersonal deficits. | Grief, role conflict, role transitions, interpersonal deficits. | Grief, guilt, role transition, interpersonal deficits. | Psychology | Loss, role conflict, role transition, interpersonal deficits. | 32 | 1 | 158cc00b-032f-4a53-9f6f-391e96a71b0c | 2020 |
In cognitive therapy for psychosis, an initial assessment is proposed where the signals that serve to trigger auditory hallucinations should be identified. If the therapist asks their client to try to amplify and suppress the voices several times a day, what technique are they using?: | Functional analytic assessment. | Self-instructions. | Covert conditioning. | Psychology | Concurrent verbalization. | 33 | 3 | f82823db-0d0f-42f8-a129-798079008402 | 2020 |
Among the following possible side effects of clozapine, which is the most severe?: | Sedation. | Agranulocytosis. | Tachycardia. | Psychology | Weight gain. | 34 | 1 | 9b070034-f4f4-4d17-82d2-0bd967292610 | 2020 |
Within the internet-based psychological interventions for individuals with psychosis, on what therapy model is the HORYZONS online system based? | Online Therapy "Facing Voices". | Web Therapy of Acceptance and Commitment. | Moderated online social therapy. | Psychology | Web-based mindfulness therapy for auditory hallucinations. | 36 | 4 | 2c96b743-9ec9-40a9-beed-ba8270da9135 | 2020 |
What is the first module that is administered when an intervention is carried out according to the Integrated Psychological Therapy for people with schizophrenia? | Cognitive differentiation. | Problem solving. | Social skills training. | Psychology | Deferred memory. | 37 | 2 | 91887e16-b598-46b8-ab84-5f0be7c9149e | 2020 |
When using focus techniques for cognitive-behavioral treatment of hallucinations, the first phase of intervention involves the patient: | Pay attention to the content of the voices. | Analyze the beliefs and thoughts regarding the voices. | Record the events that occur before the voices, as well as the thoughts and voices that follow them. | Psychology | Direct your attention to the shape and physical characteristics of the voices. | 38 | 3 | 1ea5dbd5-5f7b-4fda-8c49-79dbb3070e4c | 2020 |
What kind of drug is quetiapine? | An anxiolytic. | A benzodiazepine. | An antipsychotic. | Psychology | An antidepressant. | 39 | 4 | 363216bd-1262-4c71-b036-cc7b594ed6dd | 2020 |
According to Marlatt and Gordon (1985), in the abstinence violation effect (AVE), a phenomenon occurs of: | Attribution of responsibility to uncontrollable external factors. | Cognitive dissonance. | Generation of positive outcome expectations. | Psychology | Restoration of addictive consumption to its initial levels. | 40 | 1 | abc4ce0e-8468-47bc-bb21-85d4d15d9639 | 2020 |
In the challenge technique of the Structural Therapy (Minuchin): | The aim is to establish rigid boundaries between family subsystems to reverse a deviation triangulation. | A strong therapeutic alliance is needed, so the therapist maintains a position of closeness. | It is necessary to intensify and repeat the message when the inertia of the family systems makes them resist change. | Psychology | The therapist offers a choice between two alternatives, one of them is a direct task and the other is a task much more burdensome than the former. | 41 | 4 | 3d15ca4c-3468-4d2c-8674-53f2f7282964 | 2020 |
What component was introduced in the latest versions of the panic control treatment program by Barlow and Craske (2007)? | Imaginary exposure. | Re-training in breathing. | Questioning of meta-worries. | Psychology | Mindfulness training. | 42 | 1 | 9b0d7b5e-1135-4ac6-9b30-f6e07fdbe204 | 2020 |
In the treatment for social anxiety disorder, what does McEvoy's Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy include? | Relaxation training. | Social skills training. | Biofeedback. | Psychology | Video Feedback. | 43 | 3 | d6207909-1813-4de3-b08b-0bf1ceb15b29 | 2020 |
In Dugas' group treatment program for generalized anxiety disorder, when is cognitive functional exposure used? | In the face of worries that refer to highly improbable events. | In response to concerns that refer to events based on reality or highly probable. | Facing concerns about the generation of alternative solutions. | Psychology | In the face of concerns that refer to modifiable events. | 44 | 2 | a005b344-0df0-4b3a-8fb6-d7459b6e726a | 2020 |
In the cognitive-behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, patients are "taught" that pathological or unproductive worry consists of: | A chain of thoughts about immediate and realistic problems, focused on their resolution or on the situation itself. | Thoughts, images, impulses, or unpleasant physical sensations, of an intrusive, involuntary, and unwanted nature. | A chain of thoughts about distal or abstract problems, which focuses on the negative emotion associated with the situation that is a cause for concern. | Psychology | Negative thoughts, self-referential, often linked with past events and that appear automatically. | 45 | 4 | 5d68cf84-a214-4564-a0e4-4d4eb7bb14dd | 2020 |
Andrea, 35 years old, experiences severe anxiety every time she feels pressure in her head and a slight sensation of dizziness, which has led her on several occasions to the emergency room, afraid of suffering a "stroke or heart attack", where organic cause has been ruled out, and she has been diagnosed with anxiety and "somatization" and prescribed anxiolytics. Since the first time, she monitors her body more and more, has avoided exercising so as not to get dizzy, and every time she reads or hears about diseases, she turns off the TV or leaves the conversation because she reports that "I notice all the symptoms I hear, as if I had them", in fact, in the last week she has gone to the doctor for noticing red eyes and a fluctuating but annoying pain in her side. Despite consulting her symptoms, she distrusts doctors because her mother died when she was 14 years old, "because the doctors did not know what was wrong with her." According to Andrea's symptoms, which treatment program would be the most appropriate?: | Cognitive-behavioral treatment of somatization by Woolfolk and Allen (2006). | D. Barlow's treatment of panic disorder (2001). | Cognitive treatment of delusional ideas (of a somatic type) by Chadwick (2009). | Psychology | Warwick and Salkovskis' Health Anxiety Treatment (1990, 2001). | 46 | 3 | 73d89755-8d33-4b90-8f0c-7f5f19ed3226 | 2020 |
What is the fundamental component of specific cognitive therapy for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (for example, as proposed by Belloch et al., 2011)?: | Exposure and response prevention to the contents of the main thoughts or obsessions. | The exposure and prevention of response to situations feared by the patient. | Working with evaluations and dysfunctional beliefs associated with obsessions. | Psychology | Training in activation control techniques (for example, relaxation). | 47 | 4 | 57e87d5d-0a96-4a18-b5ac-3e289731e96c | 2020 |
In patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which case would it be most appropriate to apply a component of exposure with response prevention?: | Patient with aggressive obsessions towards himself or others. | Patient with sexual obsessions (for example, unwanted or immoral sexual practices). | Patient with blasphemous obsessions (for example, insulting God). | Psychology | Patient with obsessions about contamination or dirt and/or compulsions of washing and/or cleaning. | 48 | 3 | 71cd7b17-8355-4ed3-8289-f15e8a4e6163 | 2020 |
Indicate for which of the following disorders is habit reversal training most recommended: | Trichotillomania. | Obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Body Dysmorphic Disorder. | Psychology | Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. | 49 | 2 | 5c20daa3-f1c9-457c-96fb-f9d8d6724982 | 2020 |
Among the principles that underpin the psychotherapy of personality disorders is the principle of "graduality," which refers to: | Establish a hierarchy of principles and needs for change, and agree with the patient on the difficulty of each of them in order to make progress based on that gradient. | Promote changes in aspects or manifestations that cause a higher level of disturbance and interference in the patient's life, to gradually progress in improving their quality of life. | Promote changes in the most peripheral aspects or manifestations of the disorder to progressively advance towards achieving changes in the most basic patterns of personal organization. | Psychology | Expose oneself to situations that cause discomfort, starting with those that generate intermediate discomfort. | 50 | 4 | 670bd313-819d-4afa-9972-c775ba6d6ee4 | 2020 |
The treatment of personality disorders based on the model of J.E.Young, is based on: | Promote changes in behaviors that stem from ETDs. | Promote changes in dysfunctional or maladaptive early schemas (ETD). | Reframe negative transference experiences. | Psychology | The use of experiential techniques to evoke traumatic childhood experiences. | 51 | 1 | 65ee6736-4bc1-4287-ade1-8d6fa55dd254 | 2020 |
The stop-start technique in which the patient stimulates his penis until he achieves an erection, then stops until it returns to a flaccid state, and again stimulates it, is indicated for problems of: | Aversion to sex. | Low sexual desire. | Anorgasmia. | Psychology | Arousal (in men). | 52 | 3 | da1e11b4-3e39-4a65-9419-7e576bea715a | 2020 |
Psychological treatment of disorders such as depression, in cases where it may be accompanied by sexual dysfunction, it is especially important to address issues related to: | Issues with arousal. | Low sexual desire. | Anorgasmia. | Psychology | Premature ejaculation. | 53 | 1 | 7c85f4d9-6d86-40a7-b6f2-5c16a32db221 | 2020 |
Of the following strategies, which one is aimed at early detection of a disease?: | Primary prevention. | Health promotion. | Tertiary prevention. | Psychology | Secondary prevention. | 54 | 3 | 85db7463-7f1e-4d03-9ec5-105459d557fe | 2020 |
According to Prochaska and Di Clemente's Transtheoretical Model of change (1984), in what stage would a person be who is evaluating the possibility of change? | Contemplation. | Precontemplation. | Action. | Psychology | Preparation. | 55 | 2 | 2b586205-560f-42ad-a7ae-ef9123778000 | 2020 |
Training for the use of the "peak flow meter" is part of self-management programs for: | Asthma. | Irritable bowel syndrome. | Cardiovascular problems. | Psychology | Diabetes. | 56 | 2 | 4af04584-fd7a-40d8-8b3b-264d78e5b212 | 2020 |
In Acceptance and Commitment Therapy applied to chronic pain, what does the phase of "creative hopelessness" refer to? | To help the patient see their thoughts and feelings from an observer's perspective. | To the realization of the lack of efficacy that the strategies the patient has applied so far for pain control have had. | To help the patient develop behavior plans to change their life. | Psychology | To teach the patient to identify the important values in their life. | 57 | 1 | 87c6966d-8896-461c-bb94-a85570803abf | 2020 |
For what type of illness was the Adjuvant Psychological Therapy by Moorey and Greer (1989) designed for? | HIV. | Cancer. | Fibromyalgia. | Psychology | Diabetes. | 58 | 1 | bd0115c5-d402-41fe-9b7b-2f7b00cfb2c9 | 2020 |
For a person to be identified in the sick role proposed by Parsons (1951), which of the following requirements is necessary to meet?: | Being responsible for the symptoms. | Show low adherence to treatment. | Continue assuming the same responsibilities. | Psychology | Engaging in health recovery. | 59 | 3 | 292362cb-5774-4437-97f0-ae32971ff5eb | 2020 |
In which of the following theoretical proposals is the intention of behavior included as a proximal determinant of behavior?: | Social learning theory (Bandura, 1986). | Health Belief Model (Rosenstock, 1974). | Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska and Di Clemente, 1984). | Psychology | Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1970). | 60 | 3 | 631eba66-6e9e-4981-b7c1-0a4ff45427bd | 2020 |
J. Frank is one of the most important authors in the study of "common factors" in psychotherapy. Indicate which of the following is one of the four "common factors" he proposes as characteristics of all (or many) forms of psychotherapy (Frank and Frank, 1991): | An "operant conditioning" through which the therapist expresses approval or disapproval of the patient's behavior. | "A ritual" or procedure that requires the active participation of both the therapist and the client. | "Therapist factors" such as directiveness, empathy, authority, or unconditional positive acceptance. | Psychology | A "behavioral regulation" or "corrective experience" based on the therapist's capacity for suggestion and persuasion. | 61 | 1 | dfb3efd6-f938-445a-8651-c30ce181fa1b | 2020 |
Motivational interviewing (MI), a therapy originally developed for the treatment of addictions, has recently been reformulated by its authors (Miller and Rollnick, 2013), who propose that there are four processes that make up MI; these are: | Precontemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance. | Link, focus, evoke and plan. | Evaluate, dialogue, listen, convince. | Psychology | Empathy, discrepancy, discussion, and self-efficacy. | 62 | 1 | b9880ed5-6118-4978-9c4d-c8932f640e87 | 2020 |
If a clinical psychologist employs the techniques of "detached mindfulness," "attention training," and "reorientation (or "refocusing") of situational attention," what model of psychotherapy would they be basing themselves on: | Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Hayes et al.). | Metacognitive Therapy (Wells). | Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression (Segal et al.) | Psychology | Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (Kohlenberg and Tsai). | 63 | 1 | 800894ed-d292-4329-9573-676ce268346f | 2020 |
The clinical guidelines of the National Health System (guiasalud.es) establish 8 levels of evidence (from 1++ to 4) and 4 degrees of recommendation (from "A" to "D"). What degree of recommendation do the "expert opinions" and "clinical case series" imply? | Level "C". | Level "B". | They are not considered as scientific evidence, so those aspects are excluded as criteria for the assignment of recommendation levels. | Psychology | Level "D". | 64 | 3 | c122ed40-44e3-45f9-b5ef-aac77f42a2a9 | 2020 |
In psychological treatment aimed at overcoming fears, phobias, and anxiety in general, the most recommended modeling technique is: | Assertive. | Coping. | Competent. | Psychology | With reinforced reproduction. | 65 | 1 | 097f412c-b38c-48e6-aa25-1abd3c39b4f4 | 2020 |
Indicate what is the name of the intervention that consists of the mental repetition of verbal formulas (elaborated phrases) about psychophysiological sensations for short periods of time, in addition to a passive concentration on these sensations: | Autogenic training. | Emotional self-regulation. | Training in mindfulness. | Psychology | Training in self-instruction and breathing. | 66 | 2 | db9b9714-ea5b-49d1-9676-8ea200a19914 | 2020 |
When in the modeling technique, the model shows behaviors evoking anxiety that do not lead to negative consequences, the therapist tries to achieve: | Vicarious shaping. | Vicarious extinction. | Negative modeling. | Psychology | Vicarious negative punishment. | 67 | 1 | e2c1035b-90c6-4195-89bf-ee8d5ef6d95b | 2020 |
Contact desensitization is a variant of systematic desensitization, in which: | The therapist uses additional elements in the desensitization process to enhance the imagination of scenes, such as photographs, slides, or audio recordings. | The therapist uses verbal instructions and physical guidance so that the client can carry out the exposure with greater ease. | The therapist facilitates the client making physical contact with the phobic stimuli (touching them with their own hands) in order to increase the effectiveness of exposure. | Psychology | The therapist acts as a model using, even, physical contact with the client (holding the client's hand or placing their hand on their back) while they carry out the exposure. | 68 | 3 | 131ec879-467c-4475-9068-467a406e9fde | 2020 |
The application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in children: | Uses only the desensitization or reprocessing phase. | It consists of 8 phases, just like in adults. | It disregards the intervention on cognitive aspects. | Psychology | Reduce the 8 phases to four. | 70 | 1 | a3a88aaa-5850-485d-a838-4f66ea1aec87 | 2020 |
Emotive enactments, as a treatment procedure for anxiety in children, consist of: | Three components: play therapy, live exposure, and differential reinforcement. | Three components: live exposure, participant modeling, and reinforced practice. | Three components: desensitization, differential reinforcement, and shaping. | Psychology | A fundamental component based on exposure with response prevention. | 71 | 1 | 5980b71a-d9f4-4c93-9992-b8fb56c45e86 | 2020 |
The behavioral treatment of functional encopresis (for example, Bragado, 2001): | It is fundamentally based on the principles of operant conditioning. | It is fundamentally based on the principles of classical behavior. | There is no exclusively behavioral treatment for functional encopresis. | Psychology | It is fundamentally based on the principles of biofeedback. | 72 | 2 | cf80987d-4cb2-4a18-8303-5852f34dec0e | 2020 |
The Habit Reversal Technique (Azrin and Nunn): | It is not an effective psychological technique, as it tends to increase tics in the long term. | It has proven effective in treating tic disorders in children, both in the short and long term. | It is fundamentally based on Jacobson's relaxation. | Psychology | It is indicated in the treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 73 | 1 | 4b143908-4de6-40c1-b39b-bce7e329869d | 2020 |
Which of the following techniques is aimed at working on impulsive behaviors in children?: | Magic Carpet Technique. | Tree Technique. | Turtle Technique. | Psychology | Eagle Technique. | 74 | 4 | 98cf1505-f230-4108-90ee-7596e2bbedc3 | 2020 |
According to the A-B-C model in cognitive therapy applied to children and adolescents, and taking into account the evolutionary stages postulated by Piaget, indicate the correct option: | Cognitive therapy is not applicable to children in the stage of formal operations. | Cognitive therapy is not applicable to children in the stage of concrete operations. | Cognitive therapy is not applicable in the preoperative stages and concrete operations, but it is in the stage of formal operations. | Psychology | Cognitive therapy is not applicable to children in the preoperational stage. | 75 | 3 | 442ecb3d-b8bd-41cb-bbf9-2d7918d0f873 | 2020 |
In the treatment of separation anxiety and generalized anxiety in children, in order to apply the technique of progressive relaxation, Caution and Groden (1989) point out some minimal skills to perform relaxation exercises. Among these are: | Maintain eye contact for ten seconds. | Remain still for five seconds. | Imitation of complex motor skills. | Psychology | Follow complex instructions. | 76 | 1 | 7d1f9ca4-f658-4f40-9f8d-38738f27feda | 2020 |
Indicate the correct answer regarding the ACTION program (Stark et al., 2010) for group treatment of major depression: | The approach uses the planning of pleasurable and engaging activities and training in anger self-control skills. | The target population is teenagers between 118 years old. | Problem-solving skills are not part of the program. | Psychology | It does not take into account the use of cognitive restructuring techniques adapted for children. | 77 | 2 | bc6b19c8-f825-4cc7-b5d2-c4b9bf844d87 | 2020 |
In the Coercion Hypothesis (Patterson, 1982), when the parent withdraws the command out of not hearing the child cry or scream because they do not obey, the maintenance of the coercive behavior is explained by: | Negative reinforcement. | Positive reinforcement. | Negative punishment. | Psychology | Positive punishment. | 78 | 2 | 45e73fd9-a2ae-4678-a8d7-b95b7294a0e5 | 2020 |
"Imagine that you are a cat stretching, extending its legs and arching its back". What does this instruction correspond to? | It is part of the training in self-instructions (Meichembaum and Goodman, 1971) | This is an instruction that is part of the training in deep breathing, for the control of excessive physiological activation in children. | It is part of the self-instructions used in Kendall's Coping Cat program (1990). | Psychology | It is part of the instructions for Koeppen's relaxation training (1974), a variant of progressive relaxation. | 79 | 3 | 61023bda-b6eb-482c-8e40-71a91828217f | 2020 |
Which of the following is not a treatment program for generalized anxiety disorder in childhood?: | The FRIENDS program. | The Coping Cat treatment program. | Herbert's intervention program. | Psychology | The Coping Bear treatment program. | 80 | 4 | 0c736dba-f7a2-495d-8c3c-457980d3f500 | 2020 |
Delusions in children: | You tend to be very systematic. | They are more frequent than in adults. | Delusions do not occur in children, only overvalued ideas. | Psychology | They are usually of the persecutory, grandiose, or hypochondriacal type. | 81 | 3 | 6d747985-1968-4e16-b73e-de4bc0fb9ebc | 2020 |
According to the DSM 5, indicate from which characteristics can Reactive Attachment Disorder be differentiated from Autism Spectrum Disorder in young children: | The history of prior care before the onset of the disorder, as well as observing the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. | Analyze the core symptoms presented as there are no similarities between one disorder and another. | The presence of cognitive delay in language and alterations in social reciprocity. | Psychology | The manifestation of inhibited expressions of positive emotions. | 82 | 2 | 6635984b-11a5-4f4d-9ef8-addf032db70d | 2020 |
Indicate which of the following elements is not present in Echeburúa's program for the treatment of behavioral addictions (Echeburúa et al., 200Echeburúa, 2009): | Control of stimuli associated with addiction. | Analysis of the stimuli associated with addiction. | Exposure to stimuli associated with addiction. | Psychology | Mindful attention to stimuli associated with addiction. | 83 | 3 | 4acf7a79-cc78-4924-bae6-9990441654fa | 2020 |
In childhood, are parasomnias considered? | Primary sleep disorders, and include nightmares, night terrors, and sleepwalking. | Secondary sleep disorders, and include narcolepsy, night terrors, and sleepwalking. | A type of insomnia that includes obstructive sleep apnea and nightmares. | Psychology | Sleep and motor disorders, including restless legs syndrome and sleepwalking. | 84 | 2 | b749779a-8790-49bb-9967-2ebac6615673 | 2020 |
A 9-year-old girl is characterized by displaying strong and very frequent verbal aggressions and sporadic physical aggressive outbursts (but more than 2 per month), which result in property destruction, harm to people and animals, that are not premeditated, and typically last about 230 minutes, always blaming what happens around her, with no preceding prodromal period. Which of the following disorders could she have?: | Intermittent Explosive Disorder. | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Conduct Disorder could also potentially be diagnosed. | Bipolar disorder with onset in childhood. | Psychology | Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, provided it is accompanied by stable periods of well-being and euphoria. | 85 | 2 | ddd861fa-d43c-48ab-a759-6923bf062eed | 2020 |
An 8-year-old child has frequent fits of rage, three to four times per week, breaks things and gets very angry, is generally irritated, and these characteristics are more frequent at home, but also typical at school. What disorder does he present?: | Bipolar disorder. | Major depressive disorder. | Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. | Psychology | Intermittent Explosive Disorder. | 86 | 4 | 9b055e25-e909-48f9-957f-5566cc3880be | 2020 |
From what minimum approximate age is the collection of information through self-reports reliable in children: | 7 years. | 5 years. | 12 years. | Psychology | 10 years. | 87 | 2 | 18b9c0d7-1b58-4fa9-ab79-d41d9c6e0cc2 | 2020 |
Regarding the techniques for recording the behavior of a subject we are observing, what characteristics does the narrative record have?: | It is aimed at evaluating the interactions that occur between the environment and behavior, or between an individual and a group. | It is the observational recording technique that allows for greater scientific rigor compared to other techniques. | They are based on scalar techniques and are used to classify the activities of a subject according to previously established dimensions. | Psychology | They consist of making descriptions of what is observed without a prior structure directing the data collection. | 88 | 3 | 63e2c9fa-9992-42f5-8f3e-42a4a816d75f | 2020 |
When we are evaluating the behavior of a subject through observation, what is recommended to reduce reactivity bias? | Use a wide observation period so that the subject becomes accustomed to the observation situation. | Maximizing the interaction between subject and observer so that the subject feels more comfortable when being observed. | Do not use hidden or remote devices that could diminish the ecological validity of the observation. | Psychology | Use a single observer so that the data collection is more homogeneous. | 89 | 2 | 51178adf-2596-4563-97d7-81aba79a5d81 | 2020 |
Which of the following is a projective assessment technique?: | The Test of Perceptive Abilities. | Osgood's Semantic Differential. | Murray's Thematic Apperception Test. | Psychology | The Grid Technique. | 90 | 4 | bac05f66-0999-47ca-8427-a85a575e76fa | 2020 |
In the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for adults (WAIS-III, WAIS-IV), which of these scales are part of the Working Memory Index? | Vocabulary and Similarities. | Number Key and Symbol Search. | Cubes and Matrices. | Psychology | Arithmetic and Digits. | 91 | 3 | d48c43d8-d87f-41ff-a6de-17078636b348 | 2020 |
Psychometric tests can be classified into maximum performance tests and typical performance tests according to the demand placed on the subject. What does a typical performance test consist of?: | It is about assessing the highest performance of a person in a certain construct, such as intelligence. | The subject has to choose the only true answer from a series of alternatives. | The aim is to assess an individual's usual manner of behavior. | Psychology | The main objective is to assess the number of items that a person can solve within a limited time. | 92 | 4 | 189717ba-a028-4aab-88a9-cf3fc61599a7 | 2020 |
The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and Psychomotor Skills (MSCA): | They are suitable for evaluating very young children and those with learning difficulties. | They assess the child's abilities through two main scales: the sequential processing scale and the simultaneous processing scale. | They are useful for assessing motor skills and aptitudes of children with average intelligence, as they are not very sensitive in evaluating children with intellectual delay. | Psychology | They are used to assess intelligence from the perspective of dynamic assessment, that is, they evaluate the child's learning potential. | 93 | 2 | 473f6f70-a4f3-461c-8446-3f0817ce86b3 | 2020 |
The evaluation of personality has been done from various models and theories. From factorial theories, the most representative test that has inspired the development of others is: | Sixteen personality factor questionnaire, (16PF). | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, (MMPI). | Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS). | Psychology | Gordon Personal Profile (GPP). | 94 | 2 | e99eacf9-59d0-44b7-b5ff-159590125da4 | 2020 |
Which instrument for the measurement of intelligence was designed to assess the "g" factor as defined by Spearman? | Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. | Weschler Intelligence Scales. | Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. | Psychology | Differential Capacity Scales. | 95 | 4 | 7b68c29d-60ca-4bf8-93ac-75da94707fa9 | 2020 |
The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), which provides information about the onset, duration, and current state of symptoms, is an example of an interview: | Semi-structured. | Structured. | Open. | Psychology | Motivational. | 96 | 1 | 099de878-2d5e-478a-a18f-ecdc3bf7844f | 2020 |
What type of projective technique is the "Draw a Person" test? | Theme. | Structural. | Expressive. | Psychology | Constructive. | 97 | 4 | 2cc02074-d77a-4263-bb52-03c0b283d26d | 2020 |
When the behavior to be observed is not discrete and therefore it is difficult to determine when it starts and when it ends, the most useful measurement method is the interval method, for example, the complete or total interval sampling. In this sampling: | The behavior that occurs at the moment the interval ends is recorded. | The behavior is required to appear at least once throughout the interval. | The frequency of behaviors that appear during the interval is recorded. | Psychology | Behavior is not recorded if it does not occur throughout the entire established observation interval. | 98 | 3 | 817d7e2c-2575-4781-b85d-4817e14a0ed4 | 2020 |
Regarding the assessment of child intelligence, which test allows to measure general intelligence according to two subscales: verbal and non-verbal? | The McCarthy Scales (MSCA). | The K-Bit of Kaufman. | The K-ABC by Kaufman. | Psychology | The TONI-2. | 99 | 1 | d9ed58c1-2243-4736-87d4-8d1bdd9149f2 | 2020 |
Among the non-directive verbal interview techniques are: | The paraphrase. | Proxemics. | The synchrony. | Psychology | Kinesia. | 100 | 2 | b83d9222-2ad3-4ba7-8288-f25ce42a06c4 | 2020 |
In general, the dynamic assessment of learning potential is suitable for determining treatment in cases of: | Subjects who display adequate academic performance. | Subjects with low cognitive level. | In those cases where it is necessary to clarify the automatic processes implicit in learning. | Psychology | Subjects with difficulties in general learning. | 101 | 1 | d8ffdf52-9821-4d15-a1ce-af8ccaab8c41 | 2020 |
In the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-III and WAIS-IV), which index does the "Digit Symbol" test belong to? | Verbal comprehension. | Working memory. | Perceptual organization. | Psychology | Processing speed. | 102 | 3 | e47d2e70-e372-4c61-89a8-34363c58d34f | 2020 |
What type of projective technique is the Koch's Tree Test? | Cathartic. | Associative. | Structural. | Psychology | Expressive. | 103 | 3 | 30c1caba-2088-46b4-b6fe-6ea97e890409 | 2020 |
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