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https://openalex.org/W4297222545
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“Secrets From the Children’s Room”: New Understandings of Inappropriate and Abusive Sexual Behavior Among Siblings after the COVID-19 Crisis in Israel
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"Israel"
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This article discusses the COVID-19 crisis’s impact on inappropriate and abusive sexual behavior among siblings (IASBAS) and how perceptions of this phenomenon affect construction of the post-crisis reality in Israel. Sibling sexual abuse, the most frequent type of sexual assault against children, does not occur in a vacuum; it is affected by the environment in which children live and develop. The pandemic created situational risk factors and a “germination substrate” for risk of abuse in “normative” families and escalation in families in which it had previously occurred. The first part of the article, based on research data and reports, reviews the objective reality that emerged in Israel and worldwide due to the pandemic. Part two describes situational risk factors converging to a new dangerous situation for children’s abuse and victimization that resulted from this crisis: domestic violence (direct, indirect, and sexual), at-risk children returning and staying at home, increased exposure to online sexual content, parental dysfunction, and lack of formal and informal support sources. These risk factors are mutually reinforcing, thus exacerbating the risk of sexual assault among siblings. Part three describes the etiology characterizing the complex phenomenon of IASBAS. Part four discusses the significance of the risk factors at various stages and conditions for its development, identification, prevention or preventing escalation, and providing professional support, all of which affect the post-crisis reality. Part five offers recommendations for prevention, detection, and intervention that help deal with the reality “the day after.”
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https://openalex.org/W3207031626
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Awareness, Knowledge, and Screening for Intimate Partner Violence Among Orthopedic Surgeons in Israel
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"Israel"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3207031626
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This study examines factors associated with screening of female patients for intimate partner violence (IPV) by orthosurgeons in a sample of 100 Israeli orthosurgeons. Findings reveal positive attitudes toward screening female patients but a significant lack of knowledge. Arab orthosurgeons held slightly more negative attitudes toward screening for IPV and had a more prominent lack of knowledge regarding screening for IPV, compared to their Jewish counterparts. Nationality and feeling uncomfortable asking female patients about IPV predicted screening for IPV. The importance of training orthosurgeons on the assessment and treatment of IPV cannot be overemphasized, especially among Arab orthosurgeons.
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https://openalex.org/W4386944975
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“If He Were a Terrorist, You Would Have Caught Him Already”: The Experience of Divorce Denial Among Intimate Partner Violence Survivors
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386944975
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This study aimed to advance knowledge about separation abuse—and, specifically, divorce denial—and its implications for the well-being of survivors, by applying the conservation of resources (COR) theory. Data were collected from 15 Israeli female survivors of intimate partner violence who were denied divorce over a period lasting between 1 and 12 years. The findings revealed the participants’ perceived detrimental effects of divorce denial on their well-being through multiple losses—in terms of autonomy, spiritual and relational, institutional, and financial resources. These findings suggest the need to assess and address the effects of resource loss in separation abuse interventions.
|
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https://openalex.org/W3137128610
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Ma’anImpacting domestic violence against Bedouin women in Southern Israel
|
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"display_name": "Safa Shehada",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137128610
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This chapter will focus on domestic violence, one of the most pressing problems confronting women and girls throughout the world. The introduction will briefly provide background on the domestic abuse challenge both throughout the world and in Israel in particular. In the remainder of the chapter, we will describe the community organization, Ma’an, that successfully implemented an initiative in this arena, together with the results of this initiative. Of importance, after completion of three years of funding, Ma’an has been able to continue its important work with other sources of funding. We will then analyze HATD's role, other than funding, both during the initiative and in its continuation.
|
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https://openalex.org/W2014323854
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Concern grows over domestic abuse in Israel
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[
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"display_name": "RachelleH.B. Fishman",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014323854
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This article presents implications for domestic abuse in Israel. Doctors and other health professionals have been anxious about the growing number of women and children seeking treatment for rape beatings and signs of systematic abuse. Most children are victims of neglect physical or emotional and sexual abuse. Consequently the Domestic Violence Law of 1991 recognized battering as a criminal offense. It provides court injunctions to remove the battering husband from home. Furthermore the Defence for Children International (DCI) is shedding some hope. DCI works directly with the judges and lawyers to help them comprehend the depths of inhumanity done by parents against children.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W2082814669
|
Violence in Intimate Relationships
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Carol K. Bates",
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[
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082814669
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Letters1 September 1996Violence in Intimate RelationshipsCarol K. Bates, MDCarol K. Bates, MDBeth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The reviews on domestic violence and childhood abuse were excellent [1, 2]. Although presentations of both scenarios may include somatization, chronic pain, and various psychiatric disorders, the two papers suggest different screening strategies. Alpert [1] recommends that every patient be screened for ongoing violence during routine primary care, whereas Drossman and colleagues [2] suggest that screening be done “when the clinical data are suggestive.”The argument for screening for ongoing violence is stronger. Domestic violence presents a risk for repeated injury and death, which can then be prevented. Little evidence has yet suggested that eliciting a history ...References1. Alpert EJ. Violence in intimate relationships and the practicing internist: new “disease” or new agenda? Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:774-81. Google Scholar2. Drossman DA, Talley NJ, Leserman J, Olden KW, Barreiro MA. Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness. Review and recommendations. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:782-94. Google Scholar3. Frankel FH. Discovering new memories in psychotherapy: childhood revisited, fantasy, or both? N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:591-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 426KeywordsDomestic violenceMemory Issue Published: 1 September 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
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|
https://openalex.org/W2293147220
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[Domestic violence--the physician's role: screening, diagnosis and primary intervention].
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[
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] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2293147220
|
In 1997, the WHO declared domestic vioLence to be a health issue requiring medical attention. According to epidemiological data, it is a highly prevalent disease, with considerable short and long-term effects. Its treatment mandates diverse skills, such as clinical knowledge, emotional consideration, systemic vision and multi-disciplinary cooperation. There is controversy as to the effectiveness of screening for the disease. There is no agreement as to a single screening questionnaire and its use. Therefore, there are no recommendations for or against screening. Nevertheless, according to the Israeli Health Ministry's directives, it is the duty of physicians to perform screening for domestic violence in women and it is mandatory, according to criminal law, to report the abuse of children and helpless elderly to the proper authorities. Although there is no direct evidence from controLLed trials that medical intervention reduces the occurrence of the disease and prevents its recurrence, some medical organizations recommend that physicians should screen their patients for it, provide primary intervention, support, information, protection and connection with supportive authorities.
|
[
{
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"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4390674785
|
Predicting Psychopathology in Jewish Ultra-Orthodox IPV Survivors: A Machine Learning Approach
|
[
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390674785
|
The nature of the abuse, cultural and religious values, trauma-related cognitions, and recovery actions are considered factors that shape intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors’ recovery and pathology. However, less is known about their specific impact on women’s psychopathology and wellbeing. Concomitantly, there is scant information about IPV survivors from collectivistic societies such as the Israeli Jewish Ultra-orthodox (JUO) community. The present study was designed to identify predictors of post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms and wellbeing in women from the JUO community who have experienced IPV. Women (N = 261) provided information about their demographics, the nature of the violence, attitudes with respect to cultural and religious norms that normalize violence, trauma-related cognitions, the coping constructs of disengagement, faith, and engaging in help-seeking and recovery actions, and the PTSD symptoms that affect their wellbeing. A Random Forest machine learning (ML) algorithm was used to identify the strongest predictors of psychopathology and wellbeing. Regression trees were developed to identify individuals at greater risk of PTSD symptoms but also of greater wellbeing. Higher self-stigma and the perception of an unsafe world were associated with PTSD symptoms, whereas lower self-stigma, greater faith, and engagement in steps toward recovery were associated with greater wellbeing. These findings highlight the importance of treating women’s self-stigma and perceptions of an unsafe world while also encouraging faith and active engagement in recovery to promote survivors’ wellbeing and lessen their PTSD symptoms.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Loss and Trauma",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S5866276",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4377694969
|
Effects of the removal of Arab children from their homes by court order: The mothers’ perspectives
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Ben-Gurion University of the Negev",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I124227911",
"lat": 31.262192,
"long": 34.80151,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Nada Omar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031659733"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Ben-Gurion University of the Negev",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I124227911",
"lat": 31.262192,
"long": 34.80151,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Tehila Refaeli",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004394205"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Neglect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776289891"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Ethnic group",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137403100"
},
{
"display_name": "Domestic violence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542059537"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Ostracism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776298855"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Suicide prevention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526869908"
},
{
"display_name": "Poison control",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017944768"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1503819581",
"https://openalex.org/W1547450212",
"https://openalex.org/W1990478507",
"https://openalex.org/W1999672876",
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"https://openalex.org/W4250386232"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4377694969
|
Arab women in East Jerusalem live in a traditional, patriarchal society with most women fulfilling traditional roles as wives and mothers. They are also part of the national ethnic minority, forming a unique cultural and political context. There is scant research on the experiences and perceptions of mothers whose children are removed from home to residential or foster care, with very little research on this topic in the Arab population. Here we examined the effects of removing children to out-of-home settings both for reasons of child abuse and/or neglect and due to custody disputes on personal, familial and social aspects of the lives of Arab mothers in East Jerusalem. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 mothers with at least one child removed from home for a period of more than four years through an Israeli court order. The women described a broad range of effects, such as emotional distress and effects on their health. They experienced increased violence against them from members of their birth family or their family by marriage. They also experienced social ostracism and were criticized as seeking an opportunity to abandon their roles as mothers. These experiences added to the background of abuse that these women had experienced all their lives. The role as mother is central to social expectations in traditional society, and removal of the children is seen as a failure in fulfilling this role. The research reveals the need to tailor interventions to the special characteristics of these women, to empower them and help them recover their wellbeing.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Children and Youth Services Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S10873304",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2964986131
|
Unfinished Forgiveness: The Joint Meaning of Forgiveness in Intimate Partner Violence
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Aviva Zrihan-Weitzman",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067938943"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Eli Buchbinder",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063898761"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Forgiveness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778731027"
},
{
"display_name": "Remorse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778052017"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Feeling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
},
{
"display_name": "Domestic violence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542059537"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Perception",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741"
},
{
"display_name": "Suicide prevention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526869908"
},
{
"display_name": "Poison control",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017944768"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Neuroscience",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964986131
|
Recent years have seen increased awareness of the need to understand forgiveness in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). The present qualitative study focused on how male’s batterers and female victims perceived forgiveness in their relationships. It was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 couples; 30 men and women aged 31 to 61, married between 5 and 30 years and still living together. Recruitment of study participants was via social workers in centres for treatment and prevention of family violence in Israel. The study findings show that male batterers understood forgiveness from a dual self-perception, as both perpetrator and victim. This dual perception blurred perpetrator and victim roles, creating complex forgiveness dynamics in relationships. This situation was manifest in batterers as they moved between positions as perpetrators granting forgiveness and victims granting forgiveness. Male batterers understood their expressions of remorse as entitling demands for forgiveness from their partners. Additionally, when wives granted husbands forgiveness they did so in accordance with preconceived ideas about the relationship and its future. In sum, forgiveness preserved the status quo in relationships and legitimised men’s self-perception as victims, including feeling entitled to accuse the women of being partially responsible for the violence. The blurring of the distinction between requesting and granting forgiveness was paradoxical. On the one hand, it fed the desire to continue the relationship and on the other hand, it reinforced the men’s sense of perpetual vulnerability.
|
[
{
"display_name": "BRILL eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462964",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2743525934
|
ICD-11 complex PTSD among male-perpetrators of intimate partner violence: construct validity, risk factors and defining re-experiencing
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ora Gilbar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007021685"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Philip Hyland",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027992751"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Rachel Dekel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009806154"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870"
},
{
"display_name": "Domestic violence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542059537"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Construct validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49453240"
},
{
"display_name": "Confirmatory factor analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40722632"
},
{
"display_name": "Anxiety",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C558461103"
},
{
"display_name": "Depression (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776867660"
},
{
"display_name": "Construct (python library)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780801425"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
},
{
"display_name": "Injury prevention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190385971"
},
{
"display_name": "Poison control",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017944768"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C171606756"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Structural equation modeling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical emergency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383"
},
{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2743525934
|
Background and Aims:
The ICD-11 has been proposed to include Complex PTSD as unique diagnostic entity that is comprised of core PTSD symptoms and symptoms that reflect 'disturbances in self-organization' (DSO). Several conceptual questions were formulated: First, to assess the validity of the CPTSD construct in a unique population of male-perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Second, to assess whether DSO would be associated with more frequency and greater severity of risk factors. Third, whether exposure to traumatic events would predict different outcomes, namely PTSD or DSO. Fourth, if the rate of CPTSD assessed with 2 or 3 Re-experiencing items would be the same.
Methods:
Two hundred and twenty-three males drawn randomly from a sample of 2,600 men receiving treatment at 30 clinical centers for domestic violence in Israel participated.
Results:
Findings revealed that the CPTSD theoretical concept was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. High reports of exposure to prolonged traumatic events were found to be associated with DSO. Depression, anxiety and impairment were found to have a great effect on DSO that PTSD. Rates of CPTSD assessed using 3 re-experiencing items were significantly greater as compared to when only 2 re-experiencing items were used.
Discussion and Conclusion:
These findings add to the discussion regarding the inclusion of CPTSD in the ICD-11. The study also contributes to the question regarding the appropriate number of re-experiencing symptoms that should be included in the ICD-11.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4225291795
|
Hyper-Sensitivity to the Perpetrator and the Likelihood of Returning to Abusive Relationships
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Tel Aviv University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I16391192",
"lat": 32.113388,
"long": 34.802155,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Yael Lahav",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086222038"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Domestic violence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542059537"
},
{
"display_name": "Abusive relationship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909781388"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Feeling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154"
},
{
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Study questions: Although most women who are subjected to intimate partner violence attempt to leave their abusive partners, many return, and resultantly are at risk for even greater violence. Research to date has documented relations between several factors (income and economic dependence, frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV), fear of violence escalations, history of childhood abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms) and women’s returning to their abusive partners. Nevertheless, the contribution of women’s emotional bonds with their violent partners, known as identification with the aggressor (IWA), in explaining their perceived likelihood of going back to the relationship, has remained unclear. Subjects: The current study, conducted among 258 Israeli women who had left their violent partners, aimed to fill this void. Methods: An online survey was conducted. Demographic variables, history of childhood abuse, frequency of IPV, economic dependence on former partner, fear of future violence escalation, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, IWA, and perceived likelihood of returning to the relationship, were assessed via self-report questionnaire. Findings: Results indicated that two aspects of IWA—becoming hyper-sensitive to the perpetrator and adopting the perpetrator’s experience—were related to women’s perceived likelihood of returning to the relationship. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis indicated that only two factors—income and becoming hyper-sensitive to the perpetrator—uniquely contributed to explaining the likelihood of returning to abusive partners. Major implications: The current findings suggest that women’s tendency to be highly attuned to their partners’ feelings and needs, as a part of IWA, may impede their ability to permanently leave abusive relationships.
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Child Sexual Abuse: Common, Under‐Reported and Concomitant with Other Maltreatment
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) – as pointed out by Paediatric Research Across the Midlands (PRAM) (2021) in the first paper for this themed issue on sexual abuse and exploitation – is common, under-reported and often co-exists with other forms of maltreatment. These features form a backdrop to several of the original papers included in the issue. ‘Child sexual abuse … is common, under-reported and often co-exists with other forms of maltreatment’ The PRAM collaboration undertook an audit of child protection medical assessments in the West Midlands to establish whether CSA was being considered when children underwent medical assessments for other forms of maltreatment (PRAM, 2021). Their starting point was the understanding that some children who experience physical or emotional abuse or neglect will also be victims of CSA, but that much of this will go unrecognised, both because the children themselves find it difficult to report and professionals may not recognise, or look for indicators of, CSA. The authors analysed data from nine healthcare trusts over a four-week period ‘to establish which factors made it more likely that features specifically useful in the detection of CSA’ were looked for (PRAM, 2021, p. 12). Their audit included 91 medical assessments, mostly for physical abuse, in children aged from two weeks to 15 years. They found that persistent or recurrent anal or genital symptoms, bowel or urinary disorders and changes in behaviour were specifically asked about in less than half of the medical assessments, thus potentially missing important indicators of possible sexual abuse. They found that consultants were more likely than trainees to ask about abnormal sexualised behaviours, and that those doctors working in the community (who, they assert, will have had more specific training in CSA) were more likely to enquire about genito-urinary and bowel symptoms. The findings from this audit reinforce the challenge expressed by Finkel (2019, p. 99) that ‘the medical community at large could play a more proactive role in providing primary prevention and in the recognition and assessment of CSA’. When assessing children for other suspected forms of abuse or neglect, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of concomitant CSA, and they should specifically enquire about bowel and genito-urinary symptoms and changes in behaviour or mood that may raise concerns. ‘When assessing children for other suspected forms of abuse or neglect, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of concomitant CSA’ One aspect of this proactive approach that applies to all professionals – including those in health, education, social work and policing – is an awareness of harmful sexual behaviours. Not all sexual behaviour in children is harmful. Sexual development is an important part of normal child development, and this will involve different forms of exploration and interaction that are socially acceptable and developmentally appropriate. Professor Simon Hackett, a leading authority in this field, has proposed a continuum model of sexual behaviours in children from normal through to inappropriate, problematic, abusive and violent (Hackett, 2010). A similar differentiation is encompassed in the Brook Traffic Light Tool, which distinguishes between normal (green), concerning (amber) and harmful (red) sexual behaviours in children (Brook, 2013). ‘The Brook Traffic Light Tool… distinguishes between normal (green), concerning (amber) and harmful (red) sexual behaviours in children’ In our second paper of this issue, Sophie King-Hill (2021) presents a careful evaluation of the Brook Traffic Light Tool which was introduced, along with training, in a local authority in the south of England. King-Hill (2021) found that the multiagency training resulted in improvements in practitioners' knowledge and behaviours, in particular she found that ‘understanding of healthy sexual development had been raised through the training which provided clarity, a change in views, shared terminology and confidence among CYP professionals’ (p. 22). These elements of professional knowledge and confidence, clarity and shared terminology all contribute to appropriate responses to children's sexual behaviours. King-Hill (2021) echoes previous calls for a national strategy on sexual behaviours in children and young people, and proposes that a merging of the Brook Traffic Light Tool and the NSPCC Harmful Sexual Behaviour Framework (Hackett et al., 2019) could be a helpful way forward in developing such a strategy. Our third paper by Guy Shilo and colleagues (2021) addresses the complexities of commercial sexual exploitation of young people in Israel. Recognising that sexual exploitation is not a simple or homogeneous phenomenon, the authors explore aspects of the psychosocial background and past experiences of sexually exploited young people. Their study drew on data from case managers, intake meetings and case files of 57 cisgender females, 40 cisgender males, 23 transgender females and two transgender males. They found that, in addition to the abuse inherent in their sexual exploitation, the majority of these young people had also experienced other forms of abuse, predominantly within the family, but also from the perpetrators of the sexual exploitation. This included 68 per cent experiencing specific sexual abuse, 71 per cent experiencing physical abuse and 81 per cent experiencing emotional abuse. Adverse emotional, educational, health and criminal outcomes were common, with a high prevalence of mental health problems, drug misuse and criminality. Fifty-five per cent of the young people had attempted suicide, often multiple times. While 70 per cent had attended high school, only 20 per cent had graduated and matriculated. ‘Sexual exploitation is not a simple or homogeneous phenomenon’ Although Shilo et al. (2021) found some gender differences in the young people's psychosocial background factors, they did not find any solid gendered profiles. They conclude that these youth ‘cannot be characterised solely or predominantly by their gender identity’ (Shilo et al., 2021, p. 43), but that their findings ‘support the recommendation to use an intersectional lens… rather than a gendered one…, taking into consideration gender identity, race and sexual orientation as vulnerability variables to understand the paths of youth to commercial sexual exploitation and the ways to help them’ (Shilo et al., 2021, p. 43). In an inspiring study published in the Child Abuse Review 2019 special issue on sexual abuse and exploitation, Hallett et al. (2019) compared children and young people with experiences of child sexual exploitation and those presenting with harmful sexual behaviours. They found quite strong gendered differences in how these two groups were perceived and how professionals worked with them, but very similar experiences in terms of their exposure to prior abuse and domestic violence. These findings would seem to concur with those of Shilo et al. (2021) who recognise the unique vulnerability and risk factors for individual young people, regardless of their gender identity. They call for interventions with sexually exploited young people to ‘be tailored to reflect various needs specific to gender identity, sexual orientation, race and religion, as well as to the lived individual experiences of the youth’ – arguing for gender-inclusive rather than gender-specific programmes (Shilo et al., 2021, p. 43). Likewise, in their conclusion, Hallett et al. (2019, p. 452) suggest that ‘practitioners should be encouraged to be reflexive about their understandings of gender and sexuality among children, while practice should be directed to encompass and allow for a more complex understanding of vulnerability’. The educational disadvantage experienced by the young people in Shilo et al.'s (2021) study is not, of course, limited to victims of sexual exploitation, but is a common consequence of all forms of maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences. This forms the topic of a longitudinal study by Lars Brännström and Sten-Åke Stenberg (2021) from Stockholm University. These authors draw on the sociological theories of Raymond Boudon (1974) to explore the pathways from socio-economic disadvantage to educational outcomes in children placed in out-of-home care. They propose two mechanisms through which early social disadvantage may result in poorer educational outcomes: a ‘primary’ ability-driven mechanism, through which genetic and socio-cultural factors affect an individual's level of school performance, and a ‘secondary’ choice-driven mechanism through which an individual's background affects the educational choices that he or she may make, regardless of any underlying educational ability. ‘Educational disadvantage… is a common consequence of all forms of maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences’ Through an elaborate analysis of prospective longitudinal data from a cohort of more than 14 000 Swedes born in 1953, Brännström and Stenberg (2021) demonstrate that it is the secondary, choice-driven mechanism which is ‘the key driver in creating differentials in midlife educational attainment among individuals of different social origins’ (p. 48). They found that 61 per cent of individuals in the out-of-home care group ‘had not exceeded compulsory education or two-year vocational school compared to 39 per cent in the majority population’ (Brännström and Stenberg, 2021, p. 55), and that ‘out-of-home care individuals had substantially lower grades in the final year of compulsory school’ (Brännström and Stenberg, 2021, p. 55). They point out that there are disincentives to those from disadvantaged backgrounds choosing higher education, even when their academic abilities would not prevent such choices. This research has important implications for those working with looked after children and those who have experienced abuse or neglect. While interventions aimed at improving school performance are important, it is equally important to address the underlying socio-cultural disincentives to making positive educational choices. This requires a combination of advocacy to address the deep socio-economic inequalities in our society and a focus on building resilience and agency in individuals from such disadvantaged groups. ‘It is equally important to address the underlying socio-cultural disincentives to making positive educational choices’ Building resilience and agency is the basis of Keeping Our Girls Safe (KOGS) – a primary preventive service for young people at risk of child sexual exploitation. In a short report, Peter Unwin and Alexandra Jones (2021) of the University of Worcester report on an evaluation of the KOGS programme. In their introduction, they point out that the approach used by KOGS ‘counters deficit models and goes beyond risk assessment concerns, seeking to promote agency and protective factors within the young people attending by building their confidence, personal skill base and awareness of the environment’ (Unwin and Jones, 2021, p. 63). They reported an overall positive response by young people to the programme, with reported growth in confidence, self-esteem and knowledge of social behaviour. The young people particularly appreciated the trustworthiness of the staff, volunteers and peer mentors, and the authenticity of those who had ‘lived experience of unhealthy relationships, exploitation and abuse’ (Unwin and Jones, 2021, p. 66). The use of peer mentors and an accredited arts programme could provide a model for other preventive programmes that could help build self-esteem and positive life choices in young people who are at risk, thus – potentially – avoiding some of the educational disadvantage highlighted by Brännström and Stenberg (2021). In our final original paper, Nick Hindley and Lisa Lord (2021) from Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust report on the development of guidance for responding to disclosure of non-recent CSA. With greater awareness among professionals of the nature and impact of early trauma and abuse, and an increased empowerment of survivors to speak out, they recognise the need for clear guidelines for professionals in how to respond to such disclosures. The approach this team took to developing their guidelines was inclusive and collaborative, multiagency, transparent and backed up by accessible information and advisory support. Drawing on those principles, they undertook a 12-stage process of guideline development including: identification of key stakeholders; a literature review; an extensive consultation process including service user participation; development of the guidance, supporting materials and training; review by a clinical ethics committee; and ongoing review of the programme. The process reported by Hindley and Lord (2021) presents an exemplary approach to the development of practice guidance which could be adapted for any complex area of professional practice. In relation to the uncertainties expressed by clinicians about how to respond to disclosures of non-recent sexual abuse, and in spite of initial anxiety and concern, the authors report ‘increased confidence in dealing with the complexities of this area of work was reported by both practitioners in the safeguarding team and the clinicians they were seeking to support’ (Hindley and Lord, 2021, p. 80). ‘Presents an exemplary approach to the development of practice guidance which could be adapted for any complex area of professional practice’ We end this issue with a training update and a book review. Michelle Jayman (2021) reviews an e-learning module from the Child Outcomes Research Consortium and Anna Freud Learning Network on Measuring Mental Wellbeing to Improve the Lives of Children and Young People. The e-learning module could be particularly useful for educational staff who now have a statutory responsibility to support pupils' mental wellbeing, yet often feel ill-equipped to manage this role. Michael Fanner (2021) reviews a wide-ranging international book on Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection by Kay Biesel and colleagues. Fanner (2021) concludes that ‘this innovative book facilitates a refreshing approach to the advancement of a global commitment to keep children safer from harm, through collective understanding, learning and, indeed, action’ (p. 86) and highly recommends it for all those ‘interested in child protection system design and strategy’ (p. 86).
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https://openalex.org/W2115256212
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Spreadsheets and the Violence of Forms: Tracking Organisational and Domestic Use
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IntroductionWith its capacity for modelling and “what if” logic, the spreadsheet operates as a media of beginnings and possible futures. It has proved indispensable in organisational life and labour, its failures the stuff of enduring legend about the Global Financial Crisis and the excesses of Wall Street. Indeed, the “European Spreadsheet Risk Interest Group” maintains an archive devoted to cataloguing public “horror stories” of legal actions, business failure and government enquiries due to errors in spreadsheet calculations (EuSpRIG Horror Stories). One such tale of spectacular failure occurred in 2012 when a coding error was revealed in a spreadsheet formulae used by economists Kenneth Rogoff and Carmen Reinhart to argue for the implementation of harsh austerity measures following the GFC. The spreadsheet purported to demonstrate that when debt levels exceed 90% of the size of GDP then national economies cease to grow, thereby justifying the reduction of public infrastructure and services. To substantiate the argument the data mapped worldwide national levels of debt for the period 1945-2009. However, the authors mistakenly omitted key countries from their spreadsheet – those from the start of the alphabet namely Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada and Denmark. When these countries were included, the data showed economies can actually grow despite high levels of public spending (Yglesias). As Mike Konczal explains, the “core empirical points providing the intellectual foundation for the global move to austerity in the early 2010s was based on someone accidentally not updating a row formula in Excel”.In this paper I track the history and affect of spreadsheet use across organisational and domestic settings. Expanding upon the insights of Lisa Gitelman, JoAnne Yates and Ben Kafka, who focus on paperwork’s materialities to excavate the labour of bureaucratic media, I report on the early findings of a project exploring the role of the spreadsheet in everyday life. One of the interesting threads I pursue is how the spreadsheet becomes imbricated in the contours and vicissitudes of the home managing and recording its daily practices. Although spreadsheet applications have been extensively studied in business and engineering literatures there has been scant attention paid in the fields of cultural studies, media or, surprisingly, software studies and media archaeology. In the journal Computational Culture where one expects to see finely grained analyses of the algorithms and design decisions underpinning the spreadsheet it has not turned out to be a major concern. This isn’t to say that spreadsheets are omitted from discussions exploring the materiality of digital culture particularly from those interested in institutional life and “evil media” (Fuller and Goffey) but these are often references in passing to broader arguments. As this paper shows, the pervasive nature of spreadsheet use often eclipses its central role in our lives. In order to counter its ubiquity, to make visible its cultural impact, we need to focus on the material conditions from which it emerges and the specificities which shape its use. So I begin with a brief history of the spreadsheet format framed by legal questions of intellectual property and the ways in which these regimes enable its distribution. We then see how it operates to manage risk in relation to personal data management and the Quantified Self both in the organisation and at home. Cutting across these various sites and practices is an interest in how the spreadsheet acts “violently”, how its banality and familiarity belie its ability to generate affective intensities and real material impact. What does it mean to talk of the violence of forms? By this phrase I want to bring to the surface the ways in which forms and other administrative media operate as tools of governance. The spreadsheet in particular extends Yates’s argument in Control through Communication that the history of organisational paperwork is a story of disciplinary systems inaugurated by the circulation of internal documentation. In the early 20th-century workplace, memos, forms, tables, and circulars emerged to produce new hierarchies of managerial control through the downward communication of rules and procedures and the upward flow of reports. Recording and regulating labour, this often overlooked category of communication was instrumental in the move to quantify and monitor people’s activities at work (Yates). With properties of tabulation and calculation the spreadsheet operates discursively, it constrains emotions and bodies in particular ways. Spreadsheet HistoryThe precise beginnings of the spreadsheet program are difficult to pinpoint. Of relevance here is the distinction between spreadsheets on mainframe, timesharing computers of the 1960s to 1970s and the software developed for the Personal Computer (PC) since the 1980s. Is there a direct lineage stretching from the computerised accounting programs designed by Richard Mattessich to the VisiCalc program written by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston in 1979? Reacting to such a chronology, Frankston states that “Mattessich is creating his own myth” elaborating that he “completely misses the point”: I don't begrudge him his work in accounting in the 60's [sic] but it had not the slightest influence on VisiCalc. It was one of many online financial programs. I worked on some systems while at Interactive Data in the 60's and 70's. But VisiCalc was not an accounting program at all, it just made it possible for people to do accounting.This distaste for accounting is echoed by Frankston’s co-creator Dan Bricklin who explains the original name for the program, “Calcu-ledger” was rejected because it carried too many connotations of bookkeeping (Bricklin, Dan Bricklin's Web Site). Instead, VisiCal, short for Visual Calculator, speaks to its genesis in a Harvard lecture theatre where sitting as a student, Bricklin imagined “if only we had a blackboard” on which one “could erase a number and write a new number in, and everything would recalculate” (Bricklin, "How"). VisiCalc is widely thought to have been the first “killer app” in that it enabled the extensive commercial success of Apple II. Questions of law play a significant role for understanding the history and use of spreadsheet programs. One of the early mainframe based software systems LANPAR (LANguage for Programming Arrays at Random) was unsuccessful in its original application for patent approval when lodged in 1970. Its developers, Rene Pardo and Remy Landau, faced twelve years of appeals before it was granted in a landmark case of 1983 only to be reversed in 1995 (Power). Also billed as the first electronic spreadsheet by its authors, LANPAR invented the “Forward Referencing & Natural Order Recalculation” algorithm. Unlike the earlier programs or some that would follow such as VisiCal, this feature allowed spreadsheet cells to automatically recalculate rather than rely on manual refresh. In other words, the program would use a “topological sort” to calculate values of spreadsheet cells that were dependent on other cells for their totals. During this period LANPAR spreadsheet software was licensed for use by a number of large companies including Bell Canada, AT&T and General Motors (Pardo). Patent law does not generally protect mathematical calculations. Since an algorithm is a set of instructions rather than a tangible invention it doesn’t meet a crucial principle of patent law that protects creations which perform specific functions. As many commentators have noted, software occupies a curious border position: while the code is simply a string a numbers it is also executable, a process that produces or invents. Software is not included within the US patent legislation and case law since the 1960s has seen intense commercial and cultural clashes unfold over what patentability means. Title 35 of the US Code grants patents to: “whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement” (USC 35). The test for patentability requires that the invention must be “novel” and “non obvious”, that is a patent won’t be granted if the product or process is already available to the public nor if its use is obvious to anyone with an “ordinary skill” in the area to which the patent pertains. Rights were exercised for computer software through other measures of intellectual property such as copyright and trademark but in the early days of software development when Pardo and Landau wanted to register their program, code was considered un-patentable. A series of decisions by the US Supreme Court during the 1980s, known as the “Patent-Eligibility Trilogy cases”, established that a software patent claim could not be dismissed “simply because it uses a mathematical formula, computer program, or digital computer” (Place). These precedents granted their patent for “Process and apparatus for converting a source program into an object program” (Pardo et al.). Sadly, their luck did not hold out. Armed with a newly minted patent, Pardo and Landau instigated an unsuccessful law suit for patent infringement in 1989 against Lotus and Microsoft who had themselves by now developed spreadsheet software. Lotus 123 was created by Mitch Kapor and Jonathan Sachs and released in January 1983 to operate on the IBM PC, its key innovations being the introduction of macros, graphical charts and database capabilities. As the program VisiCalc had achieved with Apple II, Lotus 123 dramatically increased sales of the IBM and is one of the first software programs to run a television advertising campaign (Barker). Lotus overtook spreadsheet sales of VisiCalc who were generating $12m annually, and recorded $53 million in the first year of the program launch, ensuring it dominated the spreadsheet market through the 1980s. Although Microsoft had a spreadsheet program called Multiplan, it was Excel released for Mac in 1985 and for Windows in 1987 that outsold Lotus 123 maintaining market share throughout the 1990s and 2000s (Clarke). Running in the background as a counterpoint to this success is the court battle of Pardo and Landau. In a sense the authors of the LANPAR program were caught up in a broader legal stoush of the time as their patent claim bounced between two opposing statutory bodies who could not agree about the scope of software patentability. Routinely, applications were rejected by the US Patent and Trade Mark Office (USPTO) and then reversed and granted by the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (USCCPA) (Magri and Ellul). At stake for Pardo and Landau was whether they could prove their invention was patentable and further that they met the statutory test for “non-obviousness”. Rejecting their initial patent claim the USPTO found that being an algorithm disqualified it from protection: The courts above us have consistently said that a claim directed in its entirety to an algorithm is nonstatutory. An algorithm is defined ... as a procedure for solving a given type of mathematical problem. (In re Pardo)The USPTO then dismissed a subsequent application by Pardo and Landau on the basis that the invention would be obvious to anyone skilled in the area facing the same problem the LANPAR software solved. After years of litigation, the patent was finally granted by the USCCPA who reversed the original rejection citing recent decisions, mentioned above, making algorithms patentable. These matters weren’t in direct contention in the $300 million law suit that Pardo and Landau filed against Lotus and Microsoft. Instead they lost due to inequitable conduct. Unfortunately it was shown these developers had misled the original patent office, failing to disclose their business relationships with witnesses whose testimony they used to argue that Lotus infringed their patent. In losing the case the patent was found unenforceable (Chisum). Debates about the definition and scope of software patents continue apace. Fears about its expansion and the prevalence of non-practicing entities, or “patent trolls” coalesced in the recent US Supreme Court case Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International which considered software patent eligibility, one of the first to do so since the “Patent-Eligibility Trilogies” three decades earlier. Although critics of the decision, denying the patent, argued the judgement should have gone further in guidance on computer patents, many endorsed its continued limits to algorithm patentability (Free Software Foundation). Reading spreadsheet history through these legal frames reveals the complex material, social and economic meshwork (Ingold) in which software applications emerge. I now explore the consumption practices and ecologies of spreadsheet use across organisational and domestic contexts to make visible the ways in which this bureaucratic media plays out in our everyday lives. Spreadsheet Risk in the Organisation Managing risk is a central narrative in contemporary culture for financial markets, commercial organisations and government institutions. Our world seems constantly threatened by ecological, military and informational crises; our personal lives facing pervasive emotional and medical danger (Van Loon). Operating within and often constitutive of these discursive and material fields, the spreadsheet anticipates risk through its algorithmic capacity for modelling and forecasting but it also instantiates that risk with its high propensity for error. This double logic is what gives the spreadsheet its urgency as a unit of analysis through which to understand organisational conditions of labour and regulation. Recognising the crucial social and economic function played by spreadsheets, the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG) formed in 1999 as a collaboration between university researchers, professional associations and industry practitioners in order to “address the ever-increasing problem of spreadsheet integrity” (History). Error detection, regulation and resolution are notoriously difficult to achieve in spreadsheet research. One of the leading reports shows that spreadsheet errors are “pandemic” since 88% of spreadsheets examined contained miscalculations. A study conducted by Coopers and Lybrand revealed that 91% of spreadsheets are in error with a similar figure appearing in the audit run by KMPG (Panko). It is estimated that 1% - 5% of cell formulae contain errors (Gabbay). Spreadsheet risk is difficult to mitigate because of the lack of definition (categories applied vary from typing errors to incorrect cell formula); differences in error detection software used; and disparity in samples (spreadsheets tested in the laboratory as against those operational in the field) (Powell, Baker and Lawson). These inaccuracies have material implications when understood in relation to the prevalence of spreadsheets to fulfil corporate auditing obligations. As Panko argues, 95% of US firms rely on spreadsheets for their financial reporting methods. Spreadsheet error, risk and misuse had a direct impact on the collapse of the global financial system in 2008 (Croll). Spreadsheets rarely operate in isolation. One study reports that only 12% of use in businesses is limited to a single person with 48% routinely sharing with others (Baker et al.). Since few people password protect these documents, cumulative revision is common. In fact, spreadsheet design predominantly occurs in ad hoc ways: an unofficial or beta version then becomes “part of an established business process” (Baker et al.). A vivid illustration is provided by the California Amplifier Company who was found guilty of fraud by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2004. The financial director of the company Barry Kusatzky “hid at least $7.8 million in expenses by fabricating financial statements, falsifying the company's books and records.” The SEC found that his “fraud went undetected because of the company's lack of adequate internal controls” since the financial statements of California Amplifier were “generated from a spreadsheet maintained by Kusatzky on his own desktop computer” kept “wholly separate from the company's accounting system” (SEC). Before Kusatzky, however, there was Enron. Here we see the violence of forms enacted as corporate malfeasance when nearly a quarter of its workforce, some 4,000 people, lost their jobs and life savings in the company’s spectacular collapse. The downfall of Enron, how it became synonymous with corporate corruption, was driven by a byzantine spreadsheet reporting system that gave an inaccurate picture of capital and risk by understating its liabilities and overstating its equity and earnings (Moncarz et al.).What this shows is that the spreadsheet, along with third party applications such as Dropbox and Gmail, form a vast network of shadow IT within organisations. In response to the complexity of financial disclosure and a slew of high profile fraud cases, the Sarbannes-Oxley Act was introduced into US law in 2002 with Section 404 “Management Assessment of Internal Controls” requiring publically listed corporations to reveal their monitoring procedures. Established to implement the Act, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) sets out standards including how risk is audited, the consistency of financial statements and the controls for independent assessment (PCAOB). Since the law was enacted hundreds of guidelines have been produced to achieve compliance. Providing such guidance, PricewaterhouseCoopers recommends business run an inventory of all spreadsheets to record file name, description, author and the “frequency and extent of changes to the spreadsheet”. Developing robust policies to guard against financial mismanagement is to be applauded. But such recommendations miss a key point about the ways in which grey literature and informal economies operate (Lobato and Thomas). With particular reference to the function of shadow IT systems, organisations may well decry their popularity through terms of use policies but undeniably many rely substantially on this media. In other words, spreadsheet “risk” viewed through the lens of management policies ignores the micro practices in everyday work cultures to which we now turn.Spreadsheets and the Quantified SelfRecent scholarship has pointed to the ways in which self-tracking, personal data management and the “quantified self” reconfigure bio-politics opening up new forms of agency while also widening the reach of surveillance devices (Daly; Jethani; Lupton). Wearable technology, locative media and a rapidly expanding constellation of applications and software – such as Fitbit and Evernote – underpin the auditing and archiving of personal consumption, activity and location. At the same time, burgeoning algorithmic cultures and technologies are also finding valency in the workplace where productivity is increasingly measured and evaluated (Chong; Gregg; McCosker and Milne). Forming a significant node in the media ecology of personal data analytics, the spreadsheet has, again, been somewhat ignored. Yet it plays a crucial role in the governance of self as it regulates and records bodily health and illness. In the final section of this paper I explore the personal and social uses to which the spreadsheet is put for recording and sharing the practices of daily life. Alongside new and emerging applications, the spreadsheet is used extensively by the Quantified Self movement (QS), a community founded by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly in 2007 to provide “self knowledge through numbers” (Kelly). Its popularity is in part because so many tracking applications make it easy to export information in a spreadsheet or as a CSV file. Katie McCurdy, for example, identifies the spreadsheet as her favourite self-tracking software explaining how she has been recording her health data for three years in an effort to manage her autoimmune disease. In this spreadsheet she registers symptoms, triggers and medications, making the information available through the website and presentations at the “QS Meet up Groups” (Ramirez). For Greg Kroleski, spreadsheets are a resonant method for representing longitudinal evidence of personal life. Registering his time over a six year period, he tabulates it into eight categories: “Survival, Labor, Spirit, Mind, Expression, Body, Social, Distractions and Transport”, uploading the spreadsheet as a Google doc and requesting comment (Ramirez). And in his book Experience Curating How to Gain Focus, Increase Influence, and Simplify Your Life Joel Zaslofsky is messianic in his praise of spreadsheets to “outsource memory”. As he explains, “everything that you experience from books to blog posts, to conversations to recipes … any experience you have can be curated.” Not only can it be recorded for personal retrieval purposes, the spreadsheet also grows your “curating currency” converting your experiences into “social, financial, spiritual and intellectual capital.” Interestingly, while endorsing the monetisation of “experience curating” Zaslofsky distances himself from the QS movement which he argues demands too much labour in capturing data rather than living life. Instead, his method requires only 0.1% of a person’s time to achieve (Zaslofsky). Discussions such as these are part of extensive narratives about human memory and its socio material support (Barnet; van Dijck) together with wider debates about the institutional processes of digital heritage policy development. These conversations also feed into research about Personal Information Management which examines the software and devices we encounter and must negotiate in our professional and domestic spaces. The lessons of paper, its ‘affordances’ (Sellen and Harper) seem particularly important here as office filing systems expand to incorporate ever increasing stacks of digital and physical data. In one study, modes of caching and retrieval across the “tree structure” of Windows were compared with those deployed as “filing and piling” using cabinets and desks to illuminate the different organisational strategies in play (Trullemans and Beat). The findings point to an increasing reliance on meta systems, such as spreadsheets or proprietary apps like Mendeley, to consolidate and retrieve information stored across a range of geographically dispersed analogue and digital locations. Is a particular book or document to be found at home or in the office? Such results chime with the initial findings from a research project exploring the role that media – social, technical, personal, broadcast—plays in home renovation and building practices. The study, funded by university and industry bodies through the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Low Carbon Living aims to map the media ecologies through which people gather information about sustainable modes of renovation and, crucially, how these sites are shared and accessed (Hulse and Podkalicka). While we know something of the way media, in the form of lifestyle and property TV, contributes to the meanings people ascribe to their domestic space (Ouellette and Hay; McElroy; Andrews; Weber), work has not yet drilled down to the material specificities of consumption. In response, this project, with which I am involved, is running a national survey of home renovators to canvas such topics as how media helps to find and engage building practitioners, what media is accessed to plan a renovation; what sites are used to spark inspiration and ideas; and what media is used to document, record and share progress of the renovation project. In this latter category, we have been interested to see how high spreadsheets rank – second only to photographs – as the media of choice for recording renovations. Other methods reported in the survey include sketches, videos and blogs. Although evidence scraped from a variety of renovation forums and websites indicates unsurprisingly that spreadsheets are regularly relied upon for budget purposes in builds and renovations, what is still to be explored and suggestive from our study is how these functions might be complemented by other more novel uses. ConclusionAs a ubiquitous media product, the spreadsheet contours our everyday practices of work and home. It registers our financial dreams, charts our bodily experiences and records the hours we work yet this very ubiquity can often hide it from critical sight. In this paper I have sought to bring to the foreground the many ways that the spreadsheet materially impacts on patterns of digital consumption by exploring its beginnings and historical development and by showing how the program itself functions to model social and economic futures. Particularly in relation to risk management I argued that the spreadsheet operates according to a double logic. While its software makes forecasting and prediction easy it can actually bring about disastrous consequences due to its high incidence of error. Tales abound of “cut and paste” mistakes that enable fraud and deceptive business practices causing widespread financial violence and harm. Yet such incidents must be seen within the context of shadow IT economies used by the very same organisations that would censure others for incorrect spreadsheet usage. If its affective reach is felt across global financial markets, it also figures at the intimate, domestic level as the spreadsheet is used for self-tracking strategies to capture personal data about health and the spaces we inhabit. Stitching together diverse sites of labour and leisure, bureaucracy and home, the spreadsheet has been a vital expression of social and economic life for decades. What then accounts for its relative invisibility in media and cultural studies? Part of the problem is that the spreadsheet, like email, is at once indispensable and reviled, its banality obscuring its significance as an object of study and the irritations it provokes easily dismissed as the inevitable, routine experiences of a bureaucratic life. In this capacity for generating affect and material impacts, however, the incomprehensible form, the annoying “reply all” office email and the impossible to navigate spreadsheet demand attention. Acknowledgments I thank the two anonymous referees for their very helpful feedback.ReferencesAndrews, Maggie. Domesticating the Airwaves: Broadcasting, Domesticity and Femininity. London: Continuum, 2012.Baker, Kenneth, Lynn Foster-Johnson, Barry Lawson, and Stephen G. Powell. “A Survey of MBA Spreadsheet Users.” Spreadsheet Engineering Research Project. Tuck School of Business. 2006. 9 Aug. 2015 ‹http://faculty.tuck.dartmouth.edu/images/uploads/faculty/serp/survey_paper.pdf›.Barker, Colin. “So Farewell Then Lotus 1-2-3, Spreadsheet Extraordinaire.” ZDNet 2 Oct. 2014. 9 Aug. 2015 ‹http://www.zdnet.com/article/so-farewell-then-lotus-1-2-3-spreadsheet-extraordinaire/›.Barnet, Belinda. Memory Machines: The Evolution of Hypertext. London: Anthem Press, 2013.Bricklin, Dan. Dan Bricklin's Web Site 9 Sep. 2014. 15 May 2015 ‹http://www.bricklin.com/history/saiidea.htm›.———. “How the Electronic Spreadsheet Revolutionized Business.” Interview with Robert Siegel. NPR Planet Money 27 Feb. 2015. 15 May 2015 ‹http://www.npr.org/2015/02/27/389585340/how-the-electronic-spreadsheet-revolutionized-business›.Chisum, Donald. “Best Mode Concealment and Inequitable Conduct in Patent Procurement.” Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal 13.2 (1997): 277–319.Chong, Ming Ki, Jon Whittle, Umar Rashid, Chee Siang Ang, Rebecca Whiting, Helen Roby, Petros Chamakiotis, and Gillian Symon. “Methods for Monitoring Work-Life Balance in a Digital World.” Socio-Technical Practices and Work-Home Boundaries. Toronto: ACM, 23 Sep. 2014. 15 May 2015 ‹http://www.drjonbird.e-vps.net/workhomeboundaries/papers/Chong.pdf›.Clarke, Gavin. “Lotus 1-2-3 Turns 30: Mitch Kapor on the Google before Google.” The Register 26 Jan. 2013. 15 May 2015 ‹http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/26/mitch_kapor_lotus_123_anniversary/›.Croll, Grenville. “Spreadsheets and the Financial Collapse.” Proceedings of the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (2009): 145-161. ‹http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0908/0908.4420.pdf›.Daly, Angela. “The Law and Ethics of 'Self Quantified' Health Information: An Australian Perspective.” International Data Privacy Law 5(2) (2015):144-155. European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG). “Horror Stories.” 15 May 2015 ‹http://www.eusprig.org/horror-stories.htm›.———. “History.” ‹http://www.eusprig.org/history.htm›.Frankston, Bob. “RE: VisiCalc History.” Message to Daniel Power. Email. 15 Apr. 1999. 15 May 2015 ‹http://dssresources.com/history/frankston4151999a.html›.Free Software Foundation. “US Supreme Court Makes the Right Decision to Nix Alice Corp. Patent, But More Work Needed to End Software Patents for Good.” 19 June 2014. 15 May 2015 ‹https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-statement-on-alice-corp-v-cls-bank›.Fuller, Matthew, and Andrew Goffey. Evil Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.Gabbay Nir. “Controlling Critical Spreadsheets.” Proceedings of the 6th Israel Association for Information Systems (ILAIS) Conference. Haifa: University of Haifa, 2 July 2012. Eds. Daphne Raban, David Bodoff, and Irit Hadar. Sagy Center for Internet Research.Gitelman, Lisa. Paper Knowledge: Toward a Media History of Documents. Durham: Duke, 2014.Gregg, Melissa. Work's Intimacy. Cambridge: Polity, 2011.Hulse, Kath, Aneta Podkalicka, Esther Milne, Gavin Melles, Tomi Winfree, Shae Hunter and Aggeliki Aggeli. “Media and Communication Strategies to Achieve Carbon Reduction through Renovation of Australia’s Existing Housing.” Low Carbon Living CRC. 9 Aug. 2015. ‹http://www.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au/research/program-3-engaged-communities/rp3021-media-and-communication-strategies-achieve-carbon›.Ingold, Tim. Being Ali
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"... and the best of you are the best to their wives" University students' attitudes towards wife abuse in Oman: Implications for counselling and services
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In Oman, wife abuse, is not visible and issues around its prevalence, people’s attitudes towards it, its causes and effects are unknown because of a lack of research. Resources to assist and support women, children and perpetrators are limited, and education about domestic violence is nonexistent. The aim of this study is to understand the specific cultural context of wife abuse by exploring the attitudes and beliefs of a particular Omani group—first-year male and female university students who are representative of future professionals across a diverse range of educational areas. This study also aims to understand students’ attitudes towards wife abuse by analysing how they explain wife abuse within the Omani and Islamic framework. As such, the proposed study is conceptualised using an Islamic Feminist Theoretical Framework. Islamic Feminist Theory has been used as a lens through which the findings of the present study have been interpreted.It was proposed that male Omani university students would report significantly more violence condoning attitudes towards married women than female Omani university students; rural Omani university students would report significantly more violence-condoning attitudes towards married women than urban Omani university students; and Omani university students who have negative attitudes towards women would report significantly more violence-condoning attitudes towards married women than Omani university students who have positive attitudes towards women. Using a sequential explanatory mixed method design, 400 students (229 males, 171 females, Mage = 18.50 years, SD = 0.55 years) were recruited to participate in a self-administered survey. Follow-up in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 of these students from Sultan Qaboos University. The first phase was a quantitative approach where a broad survey was used to collect data about students’ attitudes towards wife abuse and wife beating, and students’ attitudes towards women in general. In the second phase, qualitative in-depth interviews with students were used to explore and obtain more detailed information that reflected participants’ perceptions and understandings of wife abuse through their own words and from their own perspectives. This qualitative data was analysed using a thematic analysis drawing out key themes, commonalities and contrasts in students’attitudes about wife abuse. In the third phase, results from both the quantitative and qualitative approach were integrated.The quantitative data revealed that age, family background, place of residence, and college attended were not significant factors related to students’ attitudes. College was not a significant factor related to students’ attitudes wife abuse. Place of living, age and parents’ backgrounds were not significant factors related to students’ attitudes. Gender was a significant factor, with male students significantly more likely than female students to support negative attitudes towards women and to have supportive attitudes towards wife abuse and wife beating. Students’ patriarchal and traditional beliefs were the predictors of wife abuse and wife beating.The qualitative data revealed that, although students were aware that wife abuse was prohibited in Islam, wife abuse exists in Omani society, it is still considered a family problem and it occurs more in urban than in rural settings. It is believed that seeking help from the police would damage the wife’s family’s reputation as it is considered shameful for her to raise her experience of abuse in public. There were contrasting views within students’ attitudes. Although students thought that wife abuse was a family problem, they also suggested that there was a need to start providing different services for women. Providing such services should be done gradually as the community needs to be aware first about wife abuse and that keeping it within the family sphere could make the situation more difficult for women.The integration of the results from the quantitative and qualitative data showed that there was a contradiction between belief and practice: wife abuse is prohibited, yet people are still practising it. It seems that there were misinterpretations of Ayah in the Qur’an that discuss the issue of power and control as people interpreted it as men having the right to abuse their wives.Potentially, this research may lead to changes in practice and be the catalyst for further research on this issue in Oman. It is envisaged that this study will have positive implications for counselling and other service development for abused women and children, as the results from both quantitative and qualitative data pointed to the importance of initiating counselling services in Oman.
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https://openalex.org/W3161436967
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Can Being Victimized Verbally and Physically Predict Aggressive Verbal and Physical Behavior?: A Study on Omani Male and Female Middle School
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<p style="text-align:justify">The aim of this study was to examine if perceived family violence of victimized children is related to their perceived aggressive behavior. It has been acknowledged that children learn and behave what they observe and practice including violence. A stratified random sample (N =1160) of Omani school students was drawn from grades 6 to 9. The study used perceived family violence and perceived aggressive behavior measures to collect data. CFA was performed to test the proposed factor structure as well as the structural model. The invariance test lent support to the hypothesis that the structure of constructs is invariant across gender. However, the relations between constructs were not invariant. Children (boys and girls) who expressed high verbal violence on them reported they were more verbally and physically aggressive. Boys, but not girls, who reported high physical violence on them reported they were more verbally and physically aggressive. The relation between perceived family violence and perceived aggressive behavior seem to be dependent on gender and types of family violence as well as the kind of children’s aggressive behavior.</p>
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Trade policies and productivity change in semi-industrialized countries
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C120009192"
},
{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C83864248"
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{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W1980770783",
"https://openalex.org/W2011960979",
"https://openalex.org/W2016846207",
"https://openalex.org/W2021164596",
"https://openalex.org/W2021644579",
"https://openalex.org/W2037356235",
"https://openalex.org/W2081541758",
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"https://openalex.org/W2133573501",
"https://openalex.org/W2133833730",
"https://openalex.org/W2169830338",
"https://openalex.org/W2316446862"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045172002
|
The role of trade policies in increasing growth and efficiency has long been a major focus in the development literature. This paper examines the impact of different development strategies, especially export expansion and import substitution trade policies, on total factor productivity growth in the manufacturing industries. The analysis is based on recently developed data on sectoral total factor productivity in Korea, Turkey, and Yugoslavia, with Japan as a comparator. Our results indicate that there are important links between trade policies and industrial productivity performance.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Development Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S101209419",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2030423011
|
Partisan Preferences and Skill Formation Policies: New Evidence from Turkey and Argentina
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Fulya Apaydin",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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[
"Turkey"
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[
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"https://openalex.org/W2132317630",
"https://openalex.org/W2141687949",
"https://openalex.org/W2146720224",
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"https://openalex.org/W2165297018",
"https://openalex.org/W2483353966",
"https://openalex.org/W3124210252"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030423011
|
Following a switch to export-oriented industrialization, reorganization of production in the automobile industry demanded a new worker profile in developing economies like Turkey and Argentina. Yet, the process of transforming worker skills unfolded differently across industrial clusters. The paper explains this variation by highlighting formal political dynamics at the sub-national level. It finds that when local politicians have limited fiscal capacities, they are compelled to build partisan coalitions to advance industrial reform policies. Evidence from Bursa (Turkey), Istanbul (Turkey), and Córdoba (Argentina) shows that under these circumstances, governors who mobilize partisan loyalties can resolve disputes between business and labor, while others who are unable to do so cannot implement the proposed changes.
|
[
{
"display_name": "World Development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S85457386",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2006529421
|
An Empirical Study on Measuring Industrial Competitiveness
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Canada",
"display_name": "Université Laval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I43406934",
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"display_name": "Muhittin Oral",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Alev O. Özkan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048835572"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Strengths and weaknesses",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C63882131"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Purchasing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778813691"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C120936955"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W56218459",
"https://openalex.org/W619702606",
"https://openalex.org/W1969797273",
"https://openalex.org/W1978687871",
"https://openalex.org/W2054944077",
"https://openalex.org/W2099705235",
"https://openalex.org/W2123755784"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006529421
|
This paper discusses the methodology developed for the Industrial Development Bank of Turkey for the purpose of measuring the competitiveness of local manufacturing firms in foreign markets. First, an industrial competitiveness model which incorporates both the firm's and foreign competititors' input costs, technological characteristics and political-economic environments is summarized. Then an application of this model to 30 selected local firms in textiles, stone and soil, and food industries is described. The results indicate that some of the selected firms are quite competitive in European, North African and Middle Eastern countries, and can export to these markets without much difficulty. Moreover, the methodology employed in this study promises to be useful in identifying the weaknesses and strengths of industries, albeit in general terms, to formulate government policies.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of the Operational Research Society",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S169988927",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W309631238
|
The foreign exchange gap, growth and industrial strategy in Turkey : 1973-1983
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Kemal Derviş",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060813148"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Turkish economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993230221"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Division of labour",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C994546"
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{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648"
},
{
"display_name": "Foreign exchange",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2983132609"
},
{
"display_name": "Growth model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2983335520"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "General equilibrium theory",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C103382277"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W309631238
|
This study is an examination of the interaction between trade, trade policy and growth in the Turkish economy. The analysis relies to a great extent on a multi-sector general equilibrium growth model of the economy. The model focuses on trade and industry and attempts to capture the basic mechanisms that link economic performance and structure to trade policy in the medium run. The time period covered is 1973 to 1983 with first an evaluation of the past five years (1973-1977) and then an analysis of future prospects and alternatives (1978-1983). The study was undertaken during the first half of 1978, by the authors, who work in the World Bank's Economics of Industry Division.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2079822699
|
The contribution of six developing countries' industry to sustainable development
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Austria",
"display_name": "United Nations Industrial Development Organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1325620243",
"lat": 48.23576,
"long": 16.41666,
"type": "government"
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"display_name": "Ralph A. Luken",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080726999"
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{
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{
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"display_name": "United Nations Industrial Development Organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1325620243",
"lat": 48.23576,
"long": 16.41666,
"type": "government"
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],
"display_name": "Paul Hesp",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056995495"
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[
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
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{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Developing country",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83864248"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey",
"Tunisia"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1950785596",
"https://openalex.org/W2057844834",
"https://openalex.org/W2166196074",
"https://openalex.org/W2294486302",
"https://openalex.org/W2479370339",
"https://openalex.org/W4233472541",
"https://openalex.org/W4239117651"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079822699
|
Abstract The extent to which recent changes in industrial development and environmental policies in six countries (Chile, China, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey and Zimbabwe) have more closely aligned the objectives of industrial development with those of sustainable development are assessed in this article. The six countries did not make great advances in policy integration in support of sustainable development in the 1990s in terms of policy coordination, cooperation or coherence, but some did better than others. The countries showed considerable variation in the effectiveness with which they implemented their industrial development and environmental policy regimes. Lastly, the impact of industry on sustainable development also varied considerably, depending on which economic, social and environmental parameters were used to assess their contribution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Sustainable Development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S165666656",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2147448493
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Competition Policy: Evidence from the Turkish Cement Industry
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Tamer Kulaksizoglu",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006116278"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987849355"
},
{
"display_name": "Empirical research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120936955"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Test (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777267654"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147448493
|
In this paper, I develop a new method to test whether the introduction of competition policy in an industry has had any effects on its market performance. The method is based on the new empirical industrial organization methodology. I apply the method to the Turkish cement industry, which has been heavily investigated by the Turkish Competition Authority. The results show that the introduction of competition policy has had no effect in the market performance of the industry.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3123469709
|
Political Economy of Industrial Policy in Turkey: The Case of the Automotive Industry
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Middle East Technical University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I201799495",
"lat": 39.91987,
"long": 32.85427,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Erol Taymaz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007827430"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Koç University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1351752",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Kamil Yılmaz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005223880"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Automotive industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526921623"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerospace engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1971694412",
"https://openalex.org/W2027581737",
"https://openalex.org/W2059422227",
"https://openalex.org/W2142750207",
"https://openalex.org/W2344269437"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123469709
|
In this paper, we analyse the industrial and trade policies in Turkey in relation to their impact on the automotive industry. Established during the import substituting industrialisation era of the 1960s and 1970s, the Turkish automotive industry had seized the opportunities opened up with the customs union agreement between Turkey and the EU that went into effect in 1996. As such, it provides a good example of how an industry with an initially protected home market can be transformed into a competitive and increasingly export-oriented industry through foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows.
In one of the important conclusions of our study, we emphasise the lack of a well-designed, long-term industrial development perspective in place, leading to the current state of the Turkish automotive industry. Rather, the automotive firms that performed well in recent decades did so thanks to their organisational capabilities and experience in international competition. Our analysis of export patterns shows that Turkey’s place in the international division of labour has been determined by the decisions of multinational firms. Motor vehicle manufacturers in Turkey were able to readjust their positions vis-a-vis European value chains by skillfully managing the benefits of geography (proximity to European markets) and the country’s metalworking capability. However, existing tax policies that rely heavily on indirect taxes have created significant obstacles for automotive firms, which in principle can move their production and R&D activities in Turkey towards high quality/high value-added segments of the industry.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2055514680
|
Tourism Employment: Towards an Integrated Policy Approach
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Türkiye",
"display_name": "Ege University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I41641357",
"lat": 38.41273,
"long": 27.13838,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Aslıhan Aykaç",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032047866"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
"display_name": "Revenue",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195487862"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Tourism geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75545042"
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{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecotourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151807755"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W30061965",
"https://openalex.org/W85383327",
"https://openalex.org/W637827645",
"https://openalex.org/W1989723613",
"https://openalex.org/W2006255368",
"https://openalex.org/W2020601872",
"https://openalex.org/W2021992462",
"https://openalex.org/W2052819210",
"https://openalex.org/W2058833091",
"https://openalex.org/W2065029110",
"https://openalex.org/W2075922123",
"https://openalex.org/W2078622954",
"https://openalex.org/W2094105155",
"https://openalex.org/W2110192534",
"https://openalex.org/W2161383914"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055514680
|
ABSTRACT The exponential growth of Turkish tourism made the industry an important area of employment for a variety of groups in the labor market. This paper aims to define the structural dynamics of the tourism labor market and the problems that may potentially hinder tourism development at large. The mismatch between the needs of the labor market and the available labor force causes a qualitative degradation of tourism services. Given government's commitment on tourism as an industry generating both employment and revenue, strong contribution through policy making is necessary in order to improve tourism industry in general and tourism employment in particular. The integrated policy approach combines tourism policy, education policy and labor policy to form a common denominator that would enhance tourism employment, hence tourism industry across the board.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Anatolia - An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210168085",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2171134536
|
Industrial Design in Turkey : A Historical Segmentation in Policy, Industry and Design
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Bahçeşehir University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I128277893",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Elçin Tezel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083641127"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Scope (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778012447"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Customs union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777437813"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W22052395",
"https://openalex.org/W2070230441",
"https://openalex.org/W2074390045",
"https://openalex.org/W2104049835",
"https://openalex.org/W2130610130",
"https://openalex.org/W2138265759",
"https://openalex.org/W2178646123",
"https://openalex.org/W2905316561"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2171134536
|
As being one of the newly developing economies of the world, Turkey lately realized the contribution of industrial design to the government policies for a sustainable development. Two periods of industrialization in Turkish history which were characterized by their own patterns of production were separated by activities of Customs Union with EU in 1980's. Even after Customs Union, being unaware of the design scope; national development has been relied upon compartmentalized fields in industry, innovation, research and development where the integration problem was deteriorated by unstable economic and political situation. This article examines the dynamics that have influenced the emergence and maturation of industrial design in Turkey and the role of design policies which can successfully contribute to social and economic development that finally began to be situated in developmental strategies. In this progress, non-governmental institutions were the active role players for a bottom-to-up conduct and integration of design to government policies.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1480348577
|
Resurgence of Selective Industrial Policy: What Turkey Needs
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Gökhan Yılmaz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003579132"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993230221"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Space (punctuation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778572836"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1593177399",
"https://openalex.org/W2122346800",
"https://openalex.org/W2129624319",
"https://openalex.org/W2133140541",
"https://openalex.org/W2147917446"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1480348577
|
Three decades of Turkish experience with nonselective industrial policies (consistent with neoliberal policy) clearly demonstrates that structural transformation in Turkish economy could not be achieved. In this paper, we have three motivations. Our first motivation is to discuss overall industrial policy developments in Turkey since 1980s. Secondly, we aim to recommend feasible selective industrial policies for Turkey to support structural transformation. Thirdly, we comment on new Industrial Policy Strategy in Turkey. In that respect, our three basic research questions are, firstly, “is there still any meaningful space to implement industrial policy in developing countries such as Turkey?”, secondly, “which policies could be used?” and thirdly, “what are the main shortcomings of new Industrial Policy Strategy in Turkey?”. Our research demonstrates that there is still meaningful space to implement selective industrial policy in developing countries such as Turkey. Moreover, new Turkish Industrialization Strategy needs significant revisions if it genuinely aims at structural transformation in Turkey.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2761737516
|
Political Economy of Industrial Policy in Turkey: The Case of the Automotive Industry
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Middle East Technical University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I201799495",
"lat": 39.91987,
"long": 32.85427,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Erol Taymaz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007827430"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Koç University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1351752",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Kamil Yılmaz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005223880"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Automotive industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526921623"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerospace engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1971694412",
"https://openalex.org/W2027581737",
"https://openalex.org/W2059422227",
"https://openalex.org/W2142750207",
"https://openalex.org/W2344269437"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2761737516
|
In this paper, we analyse the industrial and trade policies in Turkey in relation to their impact on the automotive industry. Established during the import substituting industrialisation era of the 1960s and 1970s, the Turkish automotive industry had seized the opportunities opened up with the customs union agreement between Turkey and the EU that went into effect in 1996. As such, it provides a good example of how an industry with an initially protected home market can be transformed into a competitive and increasingly export-oriented industry through foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. In one of the important conclusions of our study, we emphasise the lack of a welldesigned, long-term industrial development perspective in place, leading to the current state of the Turkish automotive industry. Rather, the automotive firms that performed well in recent decades did so thanks to their organisational capabilities and experience in international competition. Our analysis of export patterns shows that Turkey’s place in the international division of labour has been determined by the decisions of multinational firms. Motor vehicle manufacturers in Turkey were able to readjust their positions vis-a-vis European value chains by skillfully managing the benefits of geography (proximity to European markets) and the country’s metalworking capability. However, existing tax policies that rely heavily on indirect taxes have created significant obstacles for automotive firms, which in principle can move their production and R&D activities in Turkey towards high quality/high valueadded segments of the industry.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2007297482
|
L'industrialisation de la Turquie : processus de développement et dynamiques spatiales
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Marcel Bazin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075702056"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Stéphane de Tapia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020598790"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Redistribution (election)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74080474"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Public sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147859227"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007297482
|
The deeply imbalanced spatial pattern of Turkish industries results from successive stages in the industrialization process. The demand of the Ottoman palace and the pressure of European countries concentrated the first plants around Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa and Adana. State-impulsed development of the kemalist period resulted in some dissemination, before a first liberal intermission in the 1950s. During the 1960s and 1970s, diversified actors such as the public sector, newborn holdings, mixed economy companies and «popular sector» bound to external migration, were involved in industrial growth whereas planning measures obtained some redistribution of industries. Since 1980, the ultra-liberal policy set up by Turgut Ôzal favoured again the tendency to concentration in Western Turkey and especially in Greater Istanbul.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Méditerranée",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210233319",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2226166831
|
Opportunities for Sustainable Industrial Development in Turkey: Eco-Industrial Parks
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nihal Şenlier",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046687115"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ayşe Nur Albayrak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078775037"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70401792"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial park",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781305714"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29985473"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial region",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991848684"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental protection",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1914751053",
"https://openalex.org/W1970913517",
"https://openalex.org/W1991043453",
"https://openalex.org/W2021790452",
"https://openalex.org/W2051977037",
"https://openalex.org/W2081649407",
"https://openalex.org/W2087786103",
"https://openalex.org/W2103800991",
"https://openalex.org/W2131326539",
"https://openalex.org/W2167558890",
"https://openalex.org/W2799833370",
"https://openalex.org/W3128550118"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2226166831
|
Industrialization has an important role within the attempts for development. Against the fact that it is indispensable, industrialization causes significant environmental problems. This progress, which is in disfavor of the natural areas and resources, can not be controlled with the existing industrial and environmental policies, and thus new approaches are needed. The concept of Eco-Industrial Parks is developed in line with this approach. It is accepted widely and there exist many examples in several countries. Unfortunately they are not known sufficiently in Turkey yet, and such applications don’t exist. The purpose of this study is to identify the application potential of Eco-Industrial Parks in Turkey. In this study, Organized Industrial Zones located in Kocaeli shall be investigated in respect to their similarities to Eco-Industrial Parks, the potential for establishment of Eco-Industrial Parks in Turkey shall be assessed, and some proposals for more sustainable cities shall be developed. Key Words : industrial ecology, eco-industrial park, Kocaeli, Organized Industrial Zones.
|
[
{
"display_name": "gazi university journal of science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764902175",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1527586167
|
Technological Capability: Empirical Evidence from the Turkish and Greek Industrial Sector
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Theodosio B. Palaskas",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024979400"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Panayotis Reppas",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026362507"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Dimitrios Christopoulos",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076117331"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Index (typography)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777382242"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Technological change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137996800"
},
{
"display_name": "Empirical evidence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166052673"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1527586167
|
In this paper we examine the impact of firms’ economic and technological characteristics and of policy variables at domestic level on the technological activity of Turkish and Greek manufacturing. To this end a general index, the Technology Response Index is developed. The paper demonstrates that in Turkish firms the export orientation of the sampled firms, the incentives for R&D offered by the state, the number of scientists and engineers engaged in R&D activities and to a lesser extent the industry protection policy, all play a significant role in involvement with, and respond to technological activities. Among Greek firms, the results suggest that the export orientation of the sampled firms, the incentives for R&D provided by European Union authorities and the domestic policy incentives offered to producers all affect positively the upgrading of technological capabilities.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economia Internazionale / International Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306508656",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2228641863
|
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT CHANGE IN TURKEY: A SHIFT SHARE ANALYSIS (1992-2008)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Zeynep Elburz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018443425"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ferhan Gezici",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035965671"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Shift-share analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40605704"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Paradigm shift",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43540301"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Sectoral analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779716410"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2228641863
|
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT CHANGE IN TURKEY: A SHIFT SHARE ANALYSIS (1992-2008) It is necessary for policy-makers to assess region’s overall performance and given sector’s efficiency relative to other industry sector’s performance in the region to achieve regional policy objectives. Regional economics has attempted to develop techniques to analyze differences among regional growth patterns. Shift-share analysis is one method to describe growth of sub-national economies. Shift–share analysis is a traditional tool for interregional comparison, measuring and evaluating sectoral performance of a specific region over a period of time. The purpose of shift share analysis is to provide local policymakers with simple and easy to use tools that will assist them in describing and documenting changes in their local economy in a way that enables them to make sound and informed decisions. In shift share analysis, the chance in employment is partitioned into three components measuring the influence of national share, industrial mix, and regional shift. The aim of this study is to measure and evaluate regional economic performance in Turkey, in order to able to achieve regional policy objectives. In this study the shift share analysis was used to measure regional economic performance. Regional industrial employment (15-37 codes - NACE REV 1.1) changes in Turkey estimated in 26 NUTS 2 regions from 1992 to 2008. The results of shift share analysis of manufacturing employment change in Turkey from 1992 to 2008 indicates that national share component has a great effect on total manufacturing employment increment during that time. In addition to that, industrial mix component has an effect on reducing employment by 7.962 and regional shift component has an effect on reducing employment by 9.464. According to the results of shift share analysis there is only one region which has both positive industrial mix and regional shift components. Also four regions which include the most developed regions in Turkey, such as A stanbul and A zmir sub-regions, have positive industrial mix and negative regional shift components. With the helping of these results, policy makers should reconsider the regional development policies in Turkey. KEY WORDS: Regional Policies, Shift Share Analysis Industrial Employment JEL CODES: L60 O25 R11 R12 R58
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3125328857
|
The State of Property Development in Turkey: Facts and Comparisons
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Işık University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I167234411",
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"long": 28.94966,
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"display_name": "Seda Demiralp",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Koç University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1351752",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004864144"
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"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "İnci Gümüş",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091589365"
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[
{
"display_name": "Commodification",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57481673"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C147859227"
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{
"display_name": "Subject (documents)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855551"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
"display_name": "Property rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86511162"
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{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
"display_name": "Public good",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162222271"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Neoclassical economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133425853"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Microeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125328857
|
Turkey has been going through a profound urban renewal process in the past decade, mainly based on a policy where public land is rapidly commodified by the state and used for construction projects through public-private partnerships. To some, this mechanism of state-led property development defines a new era in Turkish political economy and that the government shifted away from its earlier economic orientation defined by a commitment to structural reforms and production of exportable goods. Yet others deny the existence of such a shift and highlight that the growth rate in Turkey’s construction sector is not above global trends. Despite profound public interest in the topic, empirical studies that investigate the subject remain limited. This paper aims to make a contribution in this regard and investigates how the sectoral decomposition of GDP has changed in recent years, with an emphasis on the construction and industrial sectors.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2970285958
|
THE TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRIALIZATION CYCLE
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Murat A. Yürek",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005724293"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Kaoru Natsuda",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076774988"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "K. Ali Akkemik",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062778947"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mete Han Yağmur",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042318890"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Clothing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530175646"
},
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Textile industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C518936366"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988460067"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial Revolution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C517468935"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Commerce",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54750564"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W590698832",
"https://openalex.org/W2023566864",
"https://openalex.org/W2036020596",
"https://openalex.org/W2076360694",
"https://openalex.org/W4248079906",
"https://openalex.org/W4319588046"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2970285958
|
Starting with the industrial revolution in the United Kingdom in the 18th century, the textile and clothing (TC) sector has shown some streamlined stages and characteristics that seem to reoccur even today in a similar sequence. The TC industry develops capitalizing on the adoption of its industrial technology, creates employment for relatively low skilled labor converting them into industrial workers. At this stage it also triggers the development of other manufacturing industries through positive technical, labor or managerial spillovers. As the TC manufacturing technology is further adopted by the businesses, the sector further grows, enhances productivity and becomes part of an international supply chain. Faced with international competition, the TC sector reaches a bifurcation point when it mostly diminishes or it is transformed into a higher value-added sector through fashion, branding or technical textiles. As such, the TC industry proclaims Kaldor’s growth laws. The idea is supported by several timebound country experiences which are located on the TC Cycle. The suggested streamlined stages and characteristics of the TC sector provides some valuable development policy recommendations for some African countries that are striving to industrialize as well as for countries that reached to bifurcation point on the TC Cycle, such as Turkey.
|
[
{
"display_name": "İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi dergisi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210232278",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "DergiPark (Istanbul University)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401840",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2183588149
|
The investigation of policy and incentives on the industrial research and development in Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Buuml",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050788295"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "lent Yaniktepe",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045343348"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mustafa Fedai Ccedil",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044012150"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "AVUž",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065914525"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable growth rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134632028"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1567143788",
"https://openalex.org/W2018037300",
"https://openalex.org/W2024787433",
"https://openalex.org/W2079719127",
"https://openalex.org/W2084643966",
"https://openalex.org/W2158156671"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2183588149
|
Century are the information age, countries having advance science and technology (S and T) have continuously economic activity and competitiveness advantage. Catching this information age Turkiye, it is needed that high/advance technologies have to be used in order to catch sustainable economic growth, increase competitiveness power in international level, to get high exporting level for high/advance technologies instead of importing. In this context, developing efficient policies and precautions about research and development (R and D) and innovation is a vital issue for countries. In this very paper, industrial R and D policies, measures taken and tools used by Turkey is examined.
Key words: Research and development, innovation, technoparks, incentives.
|
[
{
"display_name": "African Journal of Business Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S180126918",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4317928269
|
TURKIYE 'S INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF EU INTEGRATION: A SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE FOR GEORGIA
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Eka Lekashvili",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084018371"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Giorgi Kraveishvili",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083857896"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Member state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777861868"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Member states",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019422483"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Public administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1498854171",
"https://openalex.org/W2021915559",
"https://openalex.org/W3038641787",
"https://openalex.org/W3123469709",
"https://openalex.org/W4317928269"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4317928269
|
Eka Lekashvili
 Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,
 Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-7620
 Giorgi Kraveishvili,
 Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,
 Georgia
 
 Research goal: Within the framework of the grant competition of the Faculty of Economics and Business at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, was developed the research project "Formation of industrial policy coordinated with the requirements of EU integration and the possibilities of its implementation in Georgia". The application was developed by the representatives of the Department of Economic Policy. The actuality of the research problem is determined by the goals of implementation of the requirements of Georgia’s Association Agreement with the European Union. The purpose of the mentioned grant project is to analyze the possibilities of the formation of the coordinated industrial policy with the requirements of the European Union and its implementation in Georgia. To achieve this goal, it is important to analyze the successful and unsuccessful experiences of industrial policy development, coordination and implementation of EU member, candidate and potential candidate countries.
 The purpose of this scientific paper is to analyze the experience of development, coordination and implementation the industrial policy of Turkiye, as an associate member of the European Union in order to offer recommendations for the development of the industrial policy of Georgia.
 
 Methodology/approach. The research is based on using the analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, chronological and comparison, case study methods, as well as expert assessments, theoretical and applied studies of international organizations and scientific-economists. 
 Founding. The paper discusses the strategic directions and reforms of the industrial policy of Turkiye, as an associated country of the European Union, that contributed to the country's economic strengthening, development and entry into the European Union market. The experience of Turkiye 's industrial policy clearly shows that without the stimulating policy of national strategic industries, the country would not be able to participate in the competitive struggle in the EU market. By implementing industry-supporting measures from the state, appropriate environmental conditions were created for the strengthening of domestic industry, which reflected the development of Turkiye, as a country.
 
 Originality/scientific innovation. The scientific novelty of the paper is analyzed and processed valid information and scientific conclusions about the evolution of modern Turkish industrial policy, that is provided to the Georgian scientific community, policy makers and interested parties in a systematized format with scientific objectivity and impartiality.
 Practical value/consequences. Studying the successful experience of Turkiye, as the neighbor, the main trade-economic and strategic partner of Georgia, recommendations formed for creation and implementation of industrial policy, that will support the process of integrating Georgia into the European Union, taking into account not only the sovereign, but also the regional context.
 
 Key words: Georgia, Turkiye, industrial policy.
|
[
{
"display_name": "ინოვაციური ეკონომიკა და მართვა",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182286",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1561197601
|
Globalization and Deregulation: The Case of Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sübidey Togan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015839554"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Globalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116"
},
{
"display_name": "Deregulation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78780426"
},
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Legislation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1561197601
|
The purpose of the paper is to study how globalization has affected the trade regime, industrial and labor market policies in Turkey. The paper concentrates on three aspects related to globalization: changes in trade regime, changes in industrial policies and issues related to labor markets. The paper shows how Turkey has liberalized its trade regime. Regarding industrial policy it is noted that considerable progress has been made in the fields of export and investment incentives. The present export incentive scheme is compatible with the TWO rules. But Turkey still has to align its investment incentive schemes and state aid policies to those of EU. Turkey has enacted its Competition Law in 1994. With the recently appointed Competition Board Turkey is ready to implement the competition policies. The most difficult aspect of globalization is related to labor market policies. The current system of formal and informal labor markets does not seem to be sustainable in the long run. With increasing globalization Turkey is expected to change considerably the current system of institutions, regulations and legislation of the Turkish labor market.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2580291478
|
A NEW STRATEGY WITHIN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF TURKEY: COLLABORATION OF EXPORT-LED INDUSTRIALIZATION WITH IMPO
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Özcan Da dem r",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077010668"
}
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{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Comparative advantage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76474335"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Customs union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777437813"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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[
"Turkey"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2580291478
|
Turkey had not have a sufficient industry in order to meet domestic demand when the Republic was established in 1923. Industrialization of Turkey has begun with a liberal approach. After the Great Depression, statism influenced the industrialization policy of Turkey. Two import-substitution industrialization plans adopted in 1933 and 1938. Nevertheless, the second plan could not have been implemented effectively because of the II. World War. Baker Report in 1950?s advised Turkey to industrialize in sectors in which she has a comparative advantage. Although outward-oriented growth and export-led industrialization policy had gained importance in 1950s, they could not have sustained properly because of the foreign currency deficit. Turkey began to implement import-substitution industrialization strategy in 1960s. She experienced a structural transformation within her manufacturing industry together with the start of intermediate goods production. Depending upon neo-liberal policies, Turkey embraced export-led industrialization strategy in 1980s. Along with the export-led industrialization strategy, low exchange rate and low real wage policies increased the competitiveness of the Turkish industry. Customs Union with the European Union and membership duties of the World Trade Organization affected the industrialization policy of Turkey in 1990s. As a consequence, Turkish industry sector has been integrated with the global economy. Global competition began to affect the Turkish industry sector in 2000s. The ratio of the imported raw materials and intermediate goods used in the industry sector have increased. Along with the increased competitiveness of the sector, the volume of exports has also inclined. Despite the incline within the volume of exports, external trade deficit has also increased due to the increase in the imports of the intermediate goods. The Turkish industry sector has entered into 2000s with such structural problems. Apparently, Turkey has to adjust her export-led industrialization strategy once again upon the changing circumstances. In Turkish academia, a new export-led industrialization strategy which is supported by import-substitution has been considered as an adequate industrialization policy for the 2010s. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the new industrialization strategy in Turkey referring to a collaboration of export-led industrialization with import substitution. At the first part of the paper, industrialization strategies of Turkey have been examined. At the second part, structural problems of the Turkish industry sector are determined. At the final part, policies which support the new industrialization strategy are discussed.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2591332543
|
Military-Industrial aspects of Turkish defence policy
|
[
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{
"country": "Poland",
"display_name": "Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań",
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"display_name": "Rafał Wiśniewski",
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{
"display_name": "Turkish",
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{
"display_name": "Defence industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988724468"
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{
"display_name": "Foreign policy",
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"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Aerospace",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C167740415"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Aeronautics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C178802073"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2591332543
|
This paper aims to analyse the military-industrial aspects of Turkish defence policy. A sophisticated and profitable defence industry is a useful tool for a state’s foreign and security policy. It not only supplies the armed forces with the necessary weapons and military equipment, but can also bring political influence on the international arena through arms transfers and military-industrial cooperation. These realities are not lost on Turkish decision makers. That is why they have made the nurturing of an indigenous defence-industrial base a distinct state policy. In this paper, the defence industry’s functions in the framework of Turkish defence and security policy are defined, the condition and structure of Turkish defence and aerospace sector is analysed and conclusions regarding its future prospects are presented. This provides the basis for a wider analysis of the defence-industrial aspects of Turkish defence and security policy.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210209425",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3142205312
|
Measuring the Effectiveness of Competition Policy: Evidence from the Turkish Cement Industry
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Tamer Kulaksizoglu",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006116278"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Empirical research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120936955"
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{
"display_name": "Competition policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987849355"
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{
"display_name": "Test (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777267654"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3142205312
|
In this paper, I develop a new method to test whether the introduction of competition policy in an industry has had any effects on its market performance. The method is based on the new empirical industrial organization methodology. I apply the method to the Turkish cement industry, which has been heavily investigated by the Turkish Competition Authority. The results show that the introduction of competition policy has had no effect in the market performance of the industry.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306520297",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2280663258
|
Industrial Policy in an Open Economy: Structure and Competitive Power of Turkish Manufacturing Industry (1980-2011)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Leyla Baştav",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039545421"
}
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{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
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{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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{
"display_name": "Liberalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58823610"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988460067"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993230221"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2280663258
|
TO EXAMINE THE STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE POWER OF TURKISH INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION DURING THE FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION PERIOD AND BRINGING ALTERNATIVE POLICY ADVICE, REALIZING COMPARATIVE COUNTRY ASSESSMENTS Exanine theoretical framework for the industrialization policies in Neoclassical, Structural framework; examine the development of macroeconomic aggregates like saving, investment, output, industrial sectors, manufacturing,exports, imports, current account, trade deficit, capital flowsi reserves etc; examine successful country cases in industrialization, bringing in useful comparisons; bringing up basic traits of Turkish industry, bringing policy advice. Specifying the magnitude, structure of Turkish manufacturing industry, competitive structure of the various manufacturing exporting sectors. Useful contrasts with successful industrialization stories.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3123767323
|
Industrial Policy in an Open Economy: Structure and Competitive Power of Turkish Manufacturing Industry (1980-2011)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Leyla Baştav",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039545421"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Liberalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58823610"
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{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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{
"display_name": "Turkish economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993230221"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988460067"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123767323
|
TO EXAMINE THE STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE POWER OF TURKISH INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION DURING THE FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION PERIOD AND BRINGING ALTERNATIVE POLICY ADVICE, REALIZING COMPARATIVE COUNTRY ASSESSMENTS Exanine theoretical framework for the industrialization policies in Neoclassical, Structural framework; examine the development of macroeconomic aggregates like saving, investment, output, industrial sectors, manufacturing,exports, imports, current account, trade deficit, capital flowsi reserves etc; examine successful country cases in industrialization, bringing in useful comparisons; bringing up basic traits of Turkish industry, bringing policy advice. Specifying the magnitude, structure of Turkish manufacturing industry, competitive structure of the various manufacturing exporting sectors. Useful contrasts with successful industrialization stories.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1924454740
|
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF TURKEY’S INDUSTRIAL POLICY TOWARDS EU MEMBERSHIP:IS IT REALISTIC OR NOT?
|
[
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"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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[
"Turkey"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1924454740
|
Generally, “industrial policy” can be defined as government interventions to promote industrial development beyond what would be realized by free market conditions. In the globalisation processes, physical-resource-based industries are declining, while high-tech industries and services are fastly increasing. In the new techno-economic paradigm based on information & telecommunications technologies, innovative activities such as absorption-reproduction of new technologies and industrial research and development (R&D) have become key to international industrial competitiveness. So that, Turkey’s industrial policy that integreted with technology policy should realize the technological competence and industrial deepening (structural change) as a shift from labour and resource-based products to high-tech-based products. In 2003, T.R Prime Ministry, State Planning Organization published a document is titeled Industrial Policy For Turkey (Towards EU Membership). The aim of this paper is to criticize “Industrial Policy For Turkey”. The objectives and principles of Industrial Policy For Turkey will be reviewed in the context that either theoretical framework or Turkey’s industrial structure, institutional framework, incentive instruments and legal-administrative measures.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3144483883
|
The Main Objective Of Turkey’S Industrial Policy Towards Eu Membership:Is It Realistic Or Not?
|
[
{
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{
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"display_name": "Marmara University",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Globalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116"
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{
"display_name": "Competence (human resources)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100521375"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
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{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3144483883
|
Generally, “industrial policy” can be defined as government interventions to promote industrial development beyond what would be realized by free market conditions. In the globalisation processes, physical-resource-based industries are declining, while high-tech industries and services are fastly increasing. In the new techno-economic paradigm based on information & telecommunications technologies, innovative activities such as absorption-reproduction of new technologies and industrial research and development (R&D) have become key to international industrial competitiveness. So that, Turkey’s industrial policy that integreted with technology policy should realize the technological competence and industrial deepening (structural change) as a shift from labour and resource-based products to high-tech-based products. In 2003, T.R Prime Ministry, State Planning Organization published a document is titeled Industrial Policy For Turkey (Towards EU Membership). The aim of this paper is to criticize “Industrial Policy For Turkey”. The objectives and principles of Industrial Policy For Turkey will be reviewed in the context that either theoretical framework or Turkey’s industrial structure, institutional framework, incentive instruments and legal-administrative measures.
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306520297",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W829367934
|
The Evolution of Privatisation in Turkey and Its Impact on Turkish Trade Unions
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ali Rıza Büyükuslu",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035218403"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Deregulation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78780426"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Public sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147859227"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Subsidy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84265765"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W829367934
|
Introduction In many countries, irrespective of their regimes or stages of development, the policies of governments in the 1980s dramatically shifted in favour of market-based solutions as opposed to the previous dominant Keynesian approach to economic management. Their policies focused on improving public sector performance by several forms of commercialization, such as deregulation and privatization (Ferner 1988). Thus, the privatization of public enterprises has become a key strategy in governments' market-oriented approaches. Basically, the privatization programmes have been designed to reduce the size and scope of the public sector and strengthen the market. Turkey, like most other countries followed the privatisation (ozellestirme) trend. The sell-off philosophy has been a central pillar of governments economic policy since 1984, even if the results so far have been sometimes less than convincing. Here, the Turkish experience with privatization, and more importantly, its impact on trade unions will be examined. State Economic Enterprises (SEEs) and the Privatization Process in Turkey In the 1930s, the etatist period of the country, State Economic Enterprises (SEEs) provided the initial impetus for industrialisation in Turkey. In the post-war period while SEEs continued to play a central or modified role in industrialisation, they also helped the development of private business, particularly through providing subsidized inputs to the private sector, a process facilitated by extensive price deregulation(1). As a result of the structural adjustment programme in 1980, government shifted its economic policy from the import substitution strategy to export-oriented growth. The general thrust of the strategy was to rely on market forces and reduce the scope for state intervention especially in economic activities. The SEEs were viewed as one of the causes of economic crises in the 1970s. The underlying problems of the SEEs, often stressed by the governments, were as follows: low productivity and efficiency; decline in the growth and profits of organisations which in turn created financial problems for government budgets; uncompetitiveness in their market shares and the absence of autonomy and managerial incentives. The latter may be due to frequent interference from politicians and bureaucrats and a considerable increase in militancy in public sector unions, particularly in the late 1970s. In addition, labour hoarding was regarded as another problem of the public sector because public sector employment in Turkey was expanded, mostly due to political concern with generating support for the government in power. After returning to a democratic regime, the pressures and proposals in favour of privatisation of the SEEs were intensified by the Ozal conservative government. Hence, privatization appeared one of the most significant parts of the policy agenda of the government for the first time in 1984. For the government, privatisation would offer a way to make the economy more responsive to the market, so increasing industrial efficiency and generating real growth. It would also be a tool to increase the liquidity of the capital markets, to reduce budget outlays to industry and provide a flow of badly needed revenues to the exchequer. Two main strategies seemed crucial during the privatisation process. First, the government identified the key state companies, TURISAN (a tourism chain), THY (the Turkish National Airlines), and USAS (an airline catering company) which were given the priority to be privatised. Controversially, all these companies were very profitable and productive. This was somewhat against the government's thinking that through privatization these companies would become more productive and efficient. Second, the government also identified the major candidates (or customers) as ideal buyers for privatisation. Foreign investors rather than domestic ones were chosen as the principal candidates for taking over the companies. …
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3152430685
|
Regional Development Policies And Industrial Employment Change In Turkey: A Shift Share Analysis (1992-2008)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Zeynep Elburz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018443425"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ferhan Gezici",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035965671"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Shift-share analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40605704"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Sectoral analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779716410"
},
{
"display_name": "Paradigm shift",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43540301"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Trend analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127142870"
},
{
"display_name": "Policy analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123587114"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3152430685
|
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT CHANGE IN TURKEY: A SHIFT SHARE ANALYSIS (1992-2008) It is necessary for policy-makers to assess region’s overall performance and given sector’s efficiency relative to other industry sector’s performance in the region to achieve regional policy objectives. Regional economics has attempted to develop techniques to analyze differences among regional growth patterns. Shift-share analysis is one method to describe growth of sub-national economies. Shift–share analysis is a traditional tool for interregional comparison, measuring and evaluating sectoral performance of a specific region over a period of time. The purpose of shift share analysis is to provide local policymakers with simple and easy to use tools that will assist them in describing and documenting changes in their local economy in a way that enables them to make sound and informed decisions. In shift share analysis, the chance in employment is partitioned into three components measuring the influence of national share, industrial mix, and regional shift. The aim of this study is to measure and evaluate regional economic performance in Turkey, in order to able to achieve regional policy objectives. In this study the shift share analysis was used to measure regional economic performance. Regional industrial employment (15-37 codes - NACE REV 1.1) changes in Turkey estimated in 26 NUTS 2 regions from 1992 to 2008. The results of shift share analysis of manufacturing employment change in Turkey from 1992 to 2008 indicates that national share component has a great effect on total manufacturing employment increment during that time. In addition to that, industrial mix component has an effect on reducing employment by 7.962 and regional shift component has an effect on reducing employment by 9.464. According to the results of shift share analysis there is only one region which has both positive industrial mix and regional shift components. Also four regions which include the most developed regions in Turkey, such as A stanbul and A zmir sub-regions, have positive industrial mix and negative regional shift components. With the helping of these results, policy makers should reconsider the regional development policies in Turkey. KEY WORDS: Regional Policies, Shift Share Analysis Industrial Employment JEL CODES: L60 O25 R11 R12 R58
|
[
{
"display_name": "ERSA conference papers",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306509694",
"type": "conference"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W274116124
|
European Tourism Policy and Reflections of Tourism in the Negotiations with Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sibel Mehter Aykın",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085774534"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sevcan Yıldız",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036305521"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823"
},
{
"display_name": "Scope (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778012447"
},
{
"display_name": "Negotiation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199776023"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776510970"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1423406265",
"https://openalex.org/W1522772561"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W274116124
|
This paper deals with Turkey’s alignment with the EU norms in the area of tourism and consists of two main parts: Part one is an account of the European Union’s approach to the tourism policy and the recent developments observed. Part two attempts to assess the progress made by Turkey in the adoption of the Acquis pertaining to tourism that covers a broad range of topics such as the internal market policy, competition policy, public health and consumer protection policies, regional development policy and the environmental policy, etc. In order to limit the scope, the discussion expands on the main axis of Enterprise and Industrial Policy, which forms the subject matter of Chapter 20 of the Negotiating Framework for Turkey.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Tourismos",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306533080",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3121307784
|
Structural Change and Industrial Policy in Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Sabancı University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I134235054",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "İzak Atiyas",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070887920"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Sabancı University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I134235054",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Ozan Bakış",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068339115"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Structural change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49271019"
},
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Macro",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166955791"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
},
{
"display_name": "Quality (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757"
},
{
"display_name": "Technological change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137996800"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121307784
|
This paper presents evidence on structural change in Turkey and provides an overview of the evolution of industrial policy in the last three decades. Turkey has experienced substantial growth in labor productivity in the last decade and this has been associated with substantial change in the composition of value added and employment both in the overall economy and within the manufacturing industry. The paper discusses the contribution of reallocation both at the macro and the micro level. We also document substantial change in the composition of exports. Our assessment is that structural change was not primarily associated with industrial policy, if anything because the incentive system displayed little sectoral selectivity during the period when major structural change took place. We also discuss the limitations of the quality of recent growth.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4205697389
|
Progress and prospects
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ralph A. Luken",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080726999"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Paul Hesp",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056995495"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
},
{
"display_name": "Czech",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777842544"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey",
"Tunisia"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205697389
|
Many developing and transition economies have not yet undertaken the policy integration measures needed to enhance the impact of industry on sustainable development. In this original and insightful book, national experts from Chile, China, the Czech Republic, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey and Zimbabwe – countries which all have designated national sustainable development strategies – report on the extent to which recent changes in industrial, environmental and technology policies have more closely aligned industrial development with the aims of sustainable development.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463223",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2551654500
|
Explaining the interwar industrial expansion in Turkey: The case of textiles
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United Kingdom",
"display_name": "London School of Economics and Political Science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I909854389",
"lat": 51.50853,
"long": -0.12574,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Ulas Karakoc",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008686003"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Protectionism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22241219"
},
{
"display_name": "Tariff",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776060655"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Interwar period",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C543051216"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Free trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35532855"
},
{
"display_name": "Subsidy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84265765"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "World War II",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137355542"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W47444132",
"https://openalex.org/W67804442",
"https://openalex.org/W635093693",
"https://openalex.org/W656767850",
"https://openalex.org/W1543307791",
"https://openalex.org/W1577861517",
"https://openalex.org/W1912542946",
"https://openalex.org/W1963250525",
"https://openalex.org/W1966518151",
"https://openalex.org/W1974186417",
"https://openalex.org/W1984524168",
"https://openalex.org/W1993556106",
"https://openalex.org/W1995121412",
"https://openalex.org/W2015461922",
"https://openalex.org/W2053436105",
"https://openalex.org/W2072228627",
"https://openalex.org/W2083414632",
"https://openalex.org/W2090817140",
"https://openalex.org/W2097978133",
"https://openalex.org/W2111543250",
"https://openalex.org/W2142387588",
"https://openalex.org/W2153736741",
"https://openalex.org/W2154003194",
"https://openalex.org/W2890121766",
"https://openalex.org/W2890340932",
"https://openalex.org/W3022817938",
"https://openalex.org/W3121289964",
"https://openalex.org/W3123544265",
"https://openalex.org/W3124367551",
"https://openalex.org/W3124406692"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2551654500
|
The interwar period is often considered as the one when the Turkish industrialization started in full scale. Under Ottoman rule, the domestic industries, as was typical of the primary exporters, were quite small in scale and size and limited to the basic traditional industries such as food processing like milling and traditional handicraft textile production. The contemporaries and policy makers in the 1920s and 1930s believed this was so due to the liberal open trade policies of the nineteenth century and thus the failure of competing with cheap imports. So an implicit version of the infant industry argument was rather popular then and for this reason the economic policies in the interwar period were directed towards supporting and encouraging domestic entrepreneurs.1 Thus, between 1923-1929, the industrial policy was based on the subsidies and tax concessions given to the domestic producers, whereas as soon as Turkey regained tariff autonomy in 1929, a radical tariff reform was carried out and the duties on the manufactured goods were all revised upwards by significant amount, which will be explained shortly. The protectionist measures however were not only intensified and diversified throughout the 1930s, they were also supplemented by the direct involvement of the state as entrepreneur and investor in key industries like textiles, sugar, mining and so on. Thus the dominant
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2280792076
|
Comparison between Industrial Policy of Turkey andBulgaria
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "İmren Alakuş",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067771563"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Eu countries",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993508850"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial production",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82753439"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Keynesian economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165556158"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2280792076
|
Paper will make a comparison between Turkey’s industrial policy and
Bulgaria’s industrial policy in terms of meeting European Union (EU)’s
criteria.
The topic is very significant because countries’ level of development
depend on their industrial policies. This is why EU gives more importance
to this sector and candidate countries have to meet chapter on industrial
policy for becoming full membership.
The paper will focus on improvement of two countries’ industrial policies
year over year for being of a member of EU.
Keywords: Industrial Policy, Turkey, EU, Bulgaria.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4389051952
|
Economic Governance
|
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],
"display_name": "Hüseyin Emrah Karaoğuz",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W630760995",
"https://openalex.org/W1519202254",
"https://openalex.org/W1564246219",
"https://openalex.org/W1782260865",
"https://openalex.org/W1977282070",
"https://openalex.org/W2002612874",
"https://openalex.org/W2002866638",
"https://openalex.org/W2017204210",
"https://openalex.org/W2022270387",
"https://openalex.org/W2068499481",
"https://openalex.org/W2082793263",
"https://openalex.org/W2089835290",
"https://openalex.org/W2465177337",
"https://openalex.org/W2478767954",
"https://openalex.org/W2767849852",
"https://openalex.org/W2772283187",
"https://openalex.org/W2791227039",
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"https://openalex.org/W3125594393",
"https://openalex.org/W3148622923",
"https://openalex.org/W4302604455"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389051952
|
This chapter analyses Turkey’s economic governance performance in historical terms. It documents the enduring institutional and political problems that have impeded the formation of pro-development policy coalitions. It then focuses on the post-2000 era to highlight the strong continuity of reproducing ineffective economic governance practices. Next, it concentrates on R&D policies between 2002 and 2010, when Turkey was generally considered a promising “trading state” built on strong economic performance and foreign policy activism. Finally, it examines the consequences of weak economic governance: relatively mediocre industrial upgrading performance and low “exit costs” for preserving trade interdependence with neighboring countries.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International political economy series",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210196451",
"type": "book series"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4253662516
|
Book Reviews
|
[
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{
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],
"display_name": "Richard D. Harrison",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056242553"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "European community",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018369621"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C3020780746"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253662516
|
Book reviewed in this article: The State in Capitalist Europe Competition and Industrial Policy in the European Community Europe's Industries: Public and Private Strategies for Change Poverty and Dependence in the European Community Regional Development and the European Community The European Community Transport Policy Planning in Europe: Urban and Regional Planning in the EEC Sterling in Decline. The Devaluations of 1931, 1949 and 1967 The Red Market: Industrial Co‐operation and Specialisation in Comecon Economies of Scale, Competitiveness and Trade Patterns within the European Communicy Strategies and Policies of the European Economic Communig to Improve the Competitiveness of European Industry In Search of a Common Fisheries Policy Strikes in Europe and the United States, Measurement and Incidence Official Publicatiotrc of Western Europe. Volume I: Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain and Turkey The Pilkington Library, Loughborough University of Technology Grants for Europe: How to Get Money and lnfuence Policy
|
[
{
"display_name": "JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S122406424",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2893122706
|
Resilience of software clusters and Turkey’s experience
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mete Başar Baypınar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014551836"
}
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[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C137176749"
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{
"display_name": "Resilience (materials science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779585090"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C12713177"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Business cluster",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14391329"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Mechanism (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89611455"
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{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"display_name": "Thermodynamics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2893122706
|
Knowledge-intensive sectors are a significant interest both for regional planners and policy makers, as they promise better jobs and economic growth. The industry is characteristically a networked industry of a large number of clusters, where new clusters from emerging countries continuously join. The industrial spatial structure has changed significantly, after almost every major policy change or crisis. While some clusters seem to dominate and persist, others have been lost at the expense of emerging clusters. This study attempts to focus on the software industry in Turkey, where the industry has multiple locations. The resilience of the industry seems to be highly dependent on the changes in the global industrial structure, economic and policy shocks, and state support. Depending on an adaptive resilience perspective and on an extensive literature survey, expert opinions and secondary data, the study finds that mixed peripherality–core properties, creation and retention of variation, knowledge spillovers and anticipatory behaviors of actors in the industry all play critical roles on the resilience of local software clusters. Findings of the study suggest that policy makers should not adopt generic strategies but focus on well-defined targets and unique strategies regarding the life cycle of the subject industry.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463223",
"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W75452796
|
THE MOST APPLICABLE SAMPLE OF PROTECTIONISM: EXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRIALIZATION
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Pinar Eryigit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037001821"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Serkan Cura",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091153937"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Öznur Mert",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009362820"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Protectionism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22241219"
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{
"display_name": "Developing country",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83864248"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "World economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777098093"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W75452796
|
A developing country may have two different paths aimed at industrialization policies according to it’s foreign trade perspective. The first one is import substitution industrialization based on protectionism and the second one is the policy of export-oriented industrialization aimed at integration in the international economy. Export-oriented industrialization is a strategy related to the world for connecting local economy to global economy. At the same time, countries that have to shape their allocation of resources according to foreign demand are compulsory to be open for international trade. The reason is that this strategy reaches to success if developed countries open their markets to developing or less developed countries. Whereas, it’s clearly known that developed countries open their market to other develop countries. But in Turkey, when the import substitution industrialization policies that has been applied since 1963 started to be inadequate, export-oriented industrialization policy was adopted with the decision taken within the framework of the Stabilization Program on January 24th 1980 and while the significant increases were performed in Turkey’s export volume as a result of positive developments created by these policies, the composition of export products has changed. The best evidence of this change is incredible progress that is seen in export item of manufacturing industry which is one of the most important industrial sectors in the economic structure.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Risk in Contemporary Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4386872359",
"type": "conference"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2955213583
|
Development and Internationalization of Women’s Enterprises: Benchmarking Indian Policies with OECD Policies
|
[
{
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{
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"display_name": "Symbiosis International University",
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"display_name": "Sabiha Fazalbhoy",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Asha Naik",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055461599"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Entrepreneurship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84309077"
},
{
"display_name": "Internationalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C97509610"
},
{
"display_name": "Benchmarking",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86251818"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Women entrepreneurs",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991854812"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1998542016",
"https://openalex.org/W2139890857",
"https://openalex.org/W4214694980"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2955213583
|
Women’s enterprises are considered to be the new engines of growth in developing countries. A variety of stakeholders have identified women entrepreneurs as an important “untapped source” of economic growth and development. Despite the growing number of women-led businesses and a significant increase in the initiatives, policies, and resources designed to promote and develop women’s entrepreneurship, there have been constraints which have deterred their growth. Women’s entrepreneurship is playing an important role in economic development and industrial growth, particularly in India. In order to realize the benefits of policy changes, it is important to incorporate women entrepreneurs views while making policies to support the growth of small and medium enterprises (SME’s). The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) specified policy measures for women’s entrepreneurship and their issues at its second Conference of Ministers responsible for SME’s in Istanbul, Turkey, in June 2004. In this study, the policy measures have been examined critically, and their impact in the Indian scenario has been analyzed. The paper outlines the current policies for women entrepreneurs in India, presents a comparison of these policies with those of OECD, and provides an explanation of the gaps existing between them. Secondary data which has been derived from reports, policies of the government, official Web sites and journals of repute has been used in this paper. Suggestive measures and recommendations for the relevant policy changes which could facilitate the growth and development of women entrepreneurs, especially in the Indian scenario, have been discussed. This paper further emphasizes upon the need for policies to focus on weaving in local dimensions along with exposure to foreign markets and foraying into international networks, both of which are vital in a globalized world.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Entrepreneurship and development in South Asia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210227403",
"type": "book series"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1162376270
|
Industrial development in Qatar: a geographical assessment
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohammed Ali M. Al-Kubaisi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083765569"
}
] |
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Judgement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776548248"
},
{
"display_name": "Relevance (law)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158154518"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Scale (ratio)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Cartography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] |
[
"Qatar"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1162376270
|
Before oil discovery and exploitation, industry in Qatar took the form of artisanal activities and traditional crafts. Since the 1960's industry has become modernised, complex and diverse in type and scale. This thesis explores the trends in industrial development in Qatar between 1950 and 1980, analyses and evaluates current industrial structure and possible future developments. The thesis is organised into ten Chapters. The first three describe the parameters, including physical and human resources, within which the process of industrialisation has occurred and may develop. The evaluation of industrial policy, the relevance of standard theories of industrialisation and an examination of the role of government are next considered. Chapters 5 and 6 contain field-work based analyses of the complete inventory of manufacturing industries, public and private, large and small-scale and industrial linkages. This leads to an examination of industrial locations in Qatar. Chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to two themes of fundamental importance, viz. decision-making, investment and management at various levels and secondly, dependency on foreign labour. The judgement arrived at in the Conclusion is that the future for viable and socio-culturally appropriate industries, whether in a national, regional or international context, lies not in the expansion of basic industries but rather in typologically innovative manufacturing processes.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1980531910
|
Return of industrial policy?
|
[
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],
"display_name": "Robert Wade",
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{
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{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"West Bank"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1570042669",
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"https://openalex.org/W1799313978",
"https://openalex.org/W1989602459",
"https://openalex.org/W1998469970",
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"https://openalex.org/W2013174175",
"https://openalex.org/W2058325292",
"https://openalex.org/W2120574903",
"https://openalex.org/W2153815170",
"https://openalex.org/W2257657550",
"https://openalex.org/W4233635967",
"https://openalex.org/W4233880286",
"https://openalex.org/W4248225471"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980531910
|
For the sake of freedom, economic growth and poverty reduction the state in market economies should limit itself to regulating markets and (sometimes) correcting ‘market failures’. This neoliberal conception has been the near-consensus for the past two to three decades in the West and in western-led international organizations such as the World Bank. But as of recently, the consensus has been challenged by circumstances with which it cannot contend. This article spells out key ideas behind the consensus – in particular, its rejection of industrial policy. It then argues that the US government has long practised – to good effect – a hitherto little noticed type of industrial policy focused neither on the individual firm nor on the geographic region but on networks of firms, and that a (small) change in the American normative climate has occurred post 2008 in favour of a government steering role in markets. Moreover, some middle-income countries, with manufacturing sectors shrinking in the face of East Asian competition, have recently shown renewed interest in industrial policy. Finally, parts of the World Bank have recently begun to operationalize industrial policy, under the banner of ‘building competitive industries’ (industrial policy by another name), as has not been the case since the mid 1980s. The combination of these several forces may herald the emergence of new global norms in favour of a more ‘developmental’ role of the state.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Review of Applied Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S50561683",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1984981812
|
Managing the Decline of the Corporate Sector
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Zoltán J. Ács",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047313495"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Subsidy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84265765"
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{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Public sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147859227"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
}
] |
[
"West Bank"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W75413730",
"https://openalex.org/W599980017",
"https://openalex.org/W639025950",
"https://openalex.org/W1521563578",
"https://openalex.org/W1998934926",
"https://openalex.org/W2016905515",
"https://openalex.org/W2318823855",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984981812
|
MANAGING THE DECLINE OF THE CORPORATE SECTOR ZoltanJ. Acs Two basic approaches have emergedfrom public discussion thus far. One approach is the targeted approach by which government offers incentives and subsidies to certain chosen industries and locations. . . . But political reality suggests that the sunrise industries don't want or need the bureaucratic hand ofgovernment to help them along and government does not have any particular wisdom in selectingfuture winners. . . . In any contest for governmentfunds, the sunset industries, which are usually mature industries with high employment in old established locations, are sure to win. —Reginald H. Jones, 1981 D'uring the postwar period, the industrialized nations were effectively managed along Keynesian lines. The domestic economy was managed with monetary and fiscal policies, and the international system by the International Monetary Fund (imf), which provided adequate liquidity to the system. Trade was regulated by the General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs (gatt) and the Organization for Economic Development (oecd). The decline of the corporate sector of the economy in all advanced industrialized countries has created an urgent need for the management of this decline. In addition to fiscal policy, an industrial policy has been proposed in order to manage this decline in the United States. The essence of the policy is an industrial financing bank modeled on the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, economic planning to direct investment, and protection for declining industries in order to save jobs. Industrial policy, however, cannot be a program for the rebuilding of the American economy: rather it must be a program for the management of the decline of the corporate sector. But most advocates of industrial policy do not realize that the corporate sector cannot be restored to its former glory, and that most of the growth is coming from the competitive Zoltan J. Acs is assistant professor of economics and finance at Manhattan College School of Business. Part of the research for this paper was done while the author was a research associate at the Institute on Western Europe, School of International Affairs, Columbia University. This article is taken from his forthcoming book, The Changing Structure ofthe American Economy: Lessons from the Steel Industry, with a foreword by Charles P. Kindleberger, to be published by Praeger Publishers in 1984. 149 150 SAIS REVIEW Table 1. Manufacturing Employment as a Percentage of Total Employment (Figures in Thousands) Year196519801995* Manufac. employment18,00020,00022,700 Total employment60,675100,000125,000 Manufac/total302017 Source: Economic Report of the President, 1982, p. 275, Table B-37 * The Labor Department assumes a growth of 4 percent a year in labor productivity . If labor productivity grew by 5 percent, manufacturing employment as a percentage of total employment would drop to 15 percent. sector of the economy.1 In short, industrial policy as it is now understood is a prescription for disaster. Between 1965 and 1980 manufacturing employment declined by 33 percent and thousands of plants were closed in the United States (see Table 1). These plant closings have resulted in rising unemployment and hardship in local communities and are part of a process that has come to be known as "deindustrialization." Although very few data are available on this subject, one study on deindustrialization has estimated that between 32 and 38 million manufacturing jobs were lost in the United States owing to massive disinvestment.2 A chief cause of alarm is that this trend could cripple America's manufacturing base and thus prevent the United States from competing successfully in the international economy. This would result in Japan and West Germany becoming the world leaders in manufacturing. If one compares the United States with the other major industrialized countries (Japan, West Germany, and France), the percentage of the labor force employed in manufacturing is higher in those countries. While manufacturing employment as a percentage of total employment declined 33 percent in the United States, in France and West Germany it declined by only 5 percent and has stabilized in Japan. Some advocates of this deindustrialization thesis have argued that America has deindustrialized too rapidly and that this process should be slowed or even halted. The labor unions and Marxist intellectuals are the strongest supporters of this position. Although the percentage of the labor...
|
[
{
"display_name": "SAIS review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210192536",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3133682800
|
Planning for Industrial Development in Lebanon: An Integrative Strategy and Policy Framework for Architecting a
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohammad Ali Jaafar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022843508"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Decentralization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136810230"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Pillar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105289051"
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{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Secondary sector of the economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169685871"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Structural engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66938386"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3133682800
|
Lebanon is experiencing non-traditional challenges on the level, that require searching for appropriate and consistent means with the nature of these challenges considering the approach needed and the process of solving these problems. This prominent economic challenge facing Lebanon should be approached as being correlative in its tools and effects with the global transformation towards a This required study explains the importance of developing the in Lebanon as a basic pillar for modernizing the Lebanese economy. Using policy approach, the study shows the means required for transforming from a consumer to a producing/industrial society, by adopting the strategy of modern/late industrialization and supporting the industrial sector. This study mainly identifies strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and opportunities in the industrial sector in Lebanon by analyzing Lebanon's based on official data, and designs a framework of policy choices that constitute the required base for planning the development of Lebanese industry. The possible integration between these options can architect an industrial environment that supports the transformation towards a production society and a knowledge economy, mainly through: adopting structural planning and shifting towards industrial decentralization, supporting the productive sectors, developing the national knowledge base, enhancing the technological capacity of industrial facilities, and building modern industrial zones. This study concludes a set of practical recommendations that determine the starting point for industrial development in Lebanon.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2606257199
|
The Emergence of Highly Sophisticated Lebanese Exports in the Absence of an Industrial Policy
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sami Atallah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060422037"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ilina Srour",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049515631"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727"
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Shock (circulatory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781300812"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon"
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"https://openalex.org/W152209200",
"https://openalex.org/W1530126805",
"https://openalex.org/W1565590597",
"https://openalex.org/W1605428742",
"https://openalex.org/W2024509488",
"https://openalex.org/W2064927380",
"https://openalex.org/W2119237697",
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"https://openalex.org/W2396526628",
"https://openalex.org/W3123379813",
"https://openalex.org/W3123575923",
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"https://openalex.org/W3125070893",
"https://openalex.org/W3125697804",
"https://openalex.org/W3193006831"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606257199
|
This paper explores the experience of the Lebanese industrial sector in exporting highly sophisticated products. The analysis relies on the “product space” map for Lebanon, which shows that between 2000 and 2008, as much as 40 new highly sophisticated products that require a high level of capabilities were being exported. Literature argues that such phenomena are observed in countries that have undergone structural economic changes; however, industrial policy in Lebanon is almost non-existent. The study resorted to triangulation of primary, quantitative and qualitativeas well as secondary data in an attempt to explain the drivers behind these new exports. The conjecture was that these exports are mainly the result of a demand driven shock rather than a productivity improvement. Indeed, effort for discovery of new exports has been based on the entrepreneurial skills of industrialists and their social and business networks abroad, which have been used to cater to an increasing demand mainly on part of Arab and some African countries. The persisting low productivity observed in the sector is comparable to its status in the 1960s and beginning 1970s, before the onset of the civil war. The then booming industry was also influenced by similar external favorable conditions, but had failed to further develop namely due to lack of adequate policy. The paper argues that Lebanon could be going down the same road should industrial policy not become a national priority.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W1977910961
|
Towards an alternative industrial and trade profile for Algeria: the challenge of the developmental state model
|
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{
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"country": "United States",
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{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Winston-Salem State University",
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"type": "education"
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"display_name": "Nikolaos Karagiannis",
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}
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C180916674"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] |
[
"Algeria"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W311482001",
"https://openalex.org/W1991553408"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977910961
|
This article examines the origins of Algeria's state-led developmental model and assesses its economic performance. It examines past development efforts since 1962, and analyses the present context of the Algerian economy. The article provides an alternative development paradigm for Algeria based on the developmental state perspective, concluding that strategic industrial policy needs to come to the centre stage, where it belongs, if sustained local production growth and diversification, competency upgrading, and overall competitiveness improvement are to be aggressively pursued.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of North African Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S54158622",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2472499941
|
Attempts to Industrial Reforms in Algeria: Do they fit the Logic of Globalization?
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Chérif Begga",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087680888"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Abdelhamid Merghit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010917736"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779627474"
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{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
"display_name": "Heavy industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164790872"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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[
"Algeria"
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"https://openalex.org/W2009223071",
"https://openalex.org/W2082080372",
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"https://openalex.org/W2744781233"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2472499941
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Since its independence in 1962, Algeria, as an oil producing country, undertook the construction of a socialist economy supported by heavy industrialisation and substantial investment in human capital. This strategy of development was based on state-led industrialization, after it nationalized almost the whole economy in 1966. However, this policy focused on establishing large state enterprises and investing heavily in the public sector while not allowing any significant role for the private sector. This rapid industrialization resulted in severe inefficiencies in the productive capacity of various industries and generated fiscal imbalances in the mid-1970s, which constrained Algeria’s ability to continue its expansionary industrial policy. The reversal of oil and gas prices in 1986 made the situation even worse and the state-owned industrial sector remained a heavy burden for the government because of its low productivity and lack of competitiveness. Under these troublesome and shaky political and economic atmospheres, economic reforms was introduced in the 1990s in order to change the Algerian business context from one of state-centered, control orientation, to a free, open market orientation. Furthermore, privatization was imposed on the country by the international monetary fund (IMF) supported adjustment program, as one of the main pillars of these economic reforms, and the right tool to rescue the ill functioning economy and make local industries more efficient and globally competitive. Despite a number of years of economic reform and adjustment, the privatization process in Algeria never really took off, and the country’s industrial efficiency is still relatively weak. Rapid decline and deindustrialization characterize the period from 1980 to the present. However, attempts at industrial reforms have not yet started to show any signs of improvement in its performance. Nonhydrocarbon exports account for a small share of total exports (less than 5 percent) and the oil sector remains a dominant feature of Algeria’s economy, making it vulnerable to changes in world oil markets.
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https://openalex.org/W4226496656
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INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN ALGERIA
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4226496656
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The main objective of our work is to determine whether the Algerian economic policy adopted since independence can claim sustainable development from an economic point of view, and how this could be accomplish in harmony with environmental protection. In order to achieve the objective of this study, we used an approach that consists of examining the main causes of the ecological problems in relation to the economic policy implemented by the Algerian state. The analysis of the results obtained led us to identify the link between economic and industrial policies and the modification of the environmental situation in Algeria.
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https://openalex.org/W4235975626
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Trade Rules, Industrial Policy and Competitiveness: Implications for Africa’s Development
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[] |
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"Algeria",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4235975626
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Industrialization is one of the cardinal priorities for economies in dynamic transformation from a commodity base to a diversified value-added development stage. In major African economies, as in other economies worldwide, industrial policy is resurgent and back at the centre of economic policy. The sectors in focus revolve around manufacturing, textiles and clothing, footwear, automobiles, infrastructure, information technology products, petrochemicals, aluminium smelting, agro- and cut flower industries. African economies actively applying industrial policy include Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda and South Africa.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2532695673
|
Trade Rules, Industrial Policy and Competitiveness: Implications for Africa's Development
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Industrialization is one of the cardinal priorities for economies in dynamic transformation from a commodity base to a diversified value-added development stage. In major African economies, as in other economies worldwide, industrial policy is resurgent and back at the centre of economic policy. The sectors in focus revolve around manufacturing, textiles and clothing, footwear, automobiles, infrastructure, information technology products, petrochemicals, aluminium smelting, agro- and cut flower industries. African economies actively applying industrial policy include Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda and South Africa.
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https://openalex.org/W3181457389
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The New Industrial Strategy in a Context of Financial Contraction in Algeria
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
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"Algeria"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3181457389
|
Industrial development has gained a position of strength in the successive debates on the realization of economic development projects, accentuated by exceptional progress of new technologies, such as innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, with a tremendous growth of more innovative companies in terms of production, service delivery or simply concentrated on resell. One can, of course, invoke innumerable theoretical and literary arguments about the contribution of the industrial sector in the economic growth, starting from the works and approaches of the classics and neo-classics, particularly the most contemporary ones, like Rosenstein-Rodan, Myrdal, Nurkse, Hirschman, and many others, as long as the debate focused on the means and instruments to benefit States, provided that it is well managed. Algeria has been well engaged in the implementation of an industrialization strategy, through some programs and projects of revival of the industrial apparatus, in particular the model, globally recognized,” industrializing industries” in order to find alternatives for import substitution and the establishment of an industrial platform capable of raising the level of economic development upwards, and above. Indeed, industrial policy has become hostage of energy and hydrocarbon policy, as long as all investments and efforts have been made and directed in the promotion of the extractive industries, since the oil markets have created opportunities an for financing economic projects, leaving behind other components of the industrial sector, especially manufacturing industries. Taking this into account and in another effort to break away from the grip of the oil sector, the Algerian State turned to a new industrial policy and strategy, which will be more interested in the promotion of manufacturing industries, but this becomes relatively complicated and delicate, in view of the deterioration of public revenues and the possibility of drying up of revenues, as a consequence of the fall in oil prices, leaving, thus, puzzled economic decision-makers on the appropriate means of financing and accompanying this step. We will try, through this paper, to examine the planned and tracked modalities for such a large project, given the economic and financial context, which calls for greater prudence and the rationalization of public expenditures and their targeting.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W1520454540
|
Ownership and Control of Oil: Explaining Policy Choices across Producing Countries
|
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"display_name": "Bianca Sarbu",
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[
"Saudi Arabia"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1520454540
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1. Rethinking the Ownership and Control of Oil 1. The Rising and Waning Star of IOCs 2. Empirical Puzzle and Research Question. The Picture since the 1970s 3. The Research Relevance 4. Roadmap 2. Upstream Sector Policy in the Oil Industry 1. The Political Economy of the Oil Sector 1.1. The Institutional Set-Up for Policy-Making in the Oil Sector 1.2. The Commercial versus Non-Commercial Ends of the Range 2. Upstream Sector Policy 2.1. Conceptual Insights 2.2. State Control versus Economic Performance 2.3. Upstream Sector Policy Tools 2.3.1. NOC Creation .2.3.2. Other Tools 2.3.2.1. Legal Arrangements 2.3.2.2. Fiscal Systems 3. Current Readings of Energy Studies and Theory Development 1. Review of Drivers and Drives in the Energy Sector 1.1. Technical Explanations 1.2. Economic Explanations 1.3. Institutional Explanations 1.3.1. Domestic Institutions 1.3.1.1. Preferences in the Domestic Arena 1.3.1.2. Domestic Institutional Constraints 1.3.2. International Institutions 2. The Analytical Framework - Explaining Oil Upstream Sector Policies Worldwide 2.1. The Context 2.2. Domestic Constraints 2.3. Hypotheses 4. A Statistical Analysis of Oil Upstream Sector Policies across the World 1. The Sample 1.1. Sampling Criteria 1.2. Data Construction 2. Data Operationalization and Data Sources 2.1. Dependent Variable: 'De Facto' Control as Ratio 2.2. Independent Variables 2.3. Control Variables 3. Statistical Tools 4. Results 4.1. The Context 4.2. Domestic Constraints 4.3. Alternative Explanations 5. Conclusions to the Statistical Analysis 5. Mirroring the Cases of Saudi Arabia and Abu Dhabi 1. Case Selection 2. Primary Data Collection through Semi-Structured Interviews 3. Closed Upstream Sector: Saudi Arabia 3.1. Historical Contingencies 3.2. The Analytical Framework against the Saudi Empirics 3.2.1. The Context 3.2.2. Domestic Constraints 4. Open Upstream Sector: Abu Dhabi 4.1. Historical Contingencies 4.2. The Analytical Framework against Abu Dhabi's Empirics 4.2.1. The Context 4.2.2. Domestic Constraints 5. Conclusions to the Case Studies 6. Conclusions 1. Comparative Results of the Empirical Analysis 2. Revised Analytical Framework 3. Final Remarks 3.1. Contributions, Limitations, and Research Ways Forward 3.2. Quo Vadis?
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3027214011
|
From Industrial Policy to National Industrial Strategy: An Emerging Global Phenomenon
|
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3027214011
|
In February 2019, the German federal government announced its new “National Industry Strategy 2030.” Many economies—including the United Kingdom (2017), European Union (2017), and Saudi Arabia (2018)—have announced national industrial strategies addressing the competitive threat of the People’s Republic of China’s 2015 “Made in China 2025” 5-year economic plan to become a global leader in 10 advanced technology manufacturing sectors. The use of the 20th-century term “industrial policy” heralds back to public policy antecedents of what is now evolving globally in the 21st century as national “industrial strategy,” a concept explored in this article. Unlike traditional 20th-century efforts at industrial policy (which focused on public policy efforts to maintain domestic primacy of declining, older industries), national industrial strategy recognizes (and generally accepts) the international global economy as a foundation of competition. Most importantly, national industrial strategy focuses on technologically emerging industries as well as the national government working collaborative in a partnership with these emerging industries to meet future growth challenges and opportunities.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W3136466002
|
Determinants of Saudi Arabian Industrial Exports
|
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"display_name": "Farid H. Felimban",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3136466002
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Exports, particularly industrial, have come to play a vital role in the
economic development of developing countries due to its contribution to the
accumulation of foreign exchange necessary for financing development projects and for
its forward and backward linkage prospects to other sectors of the economy. However,
the process of export promotion in the developing countries is influenced by many
factors some of which are domestic like the structure of national industry, the relative
domestic price proportions and the government industrial and commercial policies. Other
factors are associated with the external price structure of imported raw material and
physical capital. foreign exchange systems, competitive foreign prices of similar
exported goods and the relevant importing countries policies such as protective tariff
policies, common market policies and policies for exports of technology.
Within this context in an industrially developing country like Saudi Arabia the need
arises for empirical studies to be conducted on the growth pattern of industrial products
measuring and analyzing all factors affecting such growth whether dealing with supply
and demand forces or relative domestic and external factors of production prices or
national and foreign governments industrial and commercial policies.
The objective of this research is to identify the most statistically significant factors
affecting the growth of Saudi manufacture products. analyze the important elements
justifying significant relationships. Conclusions and recommendations of relevant
policies to enhance the pace of growth of Saudi industrial exports are finally drawn.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2495607582
|
Avoiding the Pitfalls of Industrial Policy: Program Design in MENA and East Asia
|
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"Tunisia",
"Syrian Arab Republic",
"Syria",
"Jordan",
"Egypt",
"Morocco"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2495607582
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No AccessNov 2014Avoiding the Pitfalls of Industrial Policy: Program Design in MENA and East AsiaAuthors/Editors: Marc Schiffbauer, Abdoulaye Sy, Sahar Hussain, Hania Sahnoun, Philip KeeferMarc SchiffbauerSearch for more papers by this author, Abdoulaye SySearch for more papers by this author, Sahar HussainSearch for more papers by this author, Hania SahnounSearch for more papers by this author, Philip KeeferSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0405-2_ch3AboutView ChaptersFull TextPDF (0.2 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: Documents limited evidence of success of industrial policies over the past decades in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), including Egypt, Morocco, Syria, Jordan, Tunisia, Korea, and more positive exceptions of some Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Comparisons with the experiences of East Asian countries indicate that several critical differences in policy design and implementation underpin the success of industrial policies in East Asian countries. Key ingredients for an effective industrial policy include: (1) consensus on a common strategic vision and objectives at the country level, and a focus on new economic activities where market failures are more likely to have a binding influence on industrial development; (2) policies connected to performance and evaluation systems in which both the effectiveness of policies and officials can be assessed; and (3) policies which promote and safeguard competition and equality of opportunity for all entrepreneurs in the domestic market and provide incentives for firms to compete in international markets. ReferencesAchy, Lahcen. 2013. “Structural Transformation and Industrial Policy in Morocco.” Economic Research Forum Working Paper 796, Economic Research Forum, Cairo. Google ScholarAghion, P M, L Dewatripont, Du A Harrison, and P Legros. 2012. “Industrial Policy and Competition.” Mimeo (April 24). CrossrefGoogle ScholarChahoud, Tatjana. 2011. “Syria’s Industrial Policy.” Working paper, Deutsches Institut fuer Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn. Google ScholarDiwan, I and H Chekir. 2012. “State-Business Relations in Mubarak’s Egypt.” Mimeo, World Bank, Washington, DC. Google ScholarGalal, Ahmed and Nihal El-Megharbel. 2005. “Do Governments Pick Winners of Losers? An Assessment of Industrial Policy in Egypt.” Working Paper 108, The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Cairo. Google ScholarGehlbach, Scott and Philip Keefer. 2011. “Investment without Democracy: Ruling-Party Institutionalization and Credible Commitment in Autocracies.” Journal of Comparative Economics 39 (2): 123–278 CrossrefGoogle ScholarHarrison, Anne and Andres Rodriguez-Clare. 2010. “Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries.” In Handbook of Development Economics 5: 4039–214. CrossrefGoogle ScholarHausmann, Ricardo and Dani Rodrik. 2006. “Economic Development as Self-Discovery.” Journal of Development Economics 72. Google ScholarHertog, Steffen. 2008. “Petromin: The Slow Death of Statist Oil Development in Saudi Arabia.” Business History 50 (5): 645–67. CrossrefGoogle ScholarKang, David C. 2002. “Bad Loans to Good Friends: Money Politics and the Developmental State in South Korea.” International Organization 56 (1): 177–207. CrossrefGoogle ScholarKeefer, Philip. 2014. “Industrial Policy and MENA—Lessons from Research and East Asia.” Mimeo, World Bank, Washington, DC. Google ScholarLoayza, Norman and Maddalena Honorati. 2007. “Investment and Growth in Egypt.” Mimeo, World Bank, Washington, DC. Google ScholarLoewe, Markus. 2013. “Industrial Policy in Egypt 2004–2011.” DIE Discussion Paper 13/2013, Deutsches Institut fuer Entwicklungspolitik, Bonn. Google ScholarMalouche, Mariem, José-Daniel Reyes, and Amir Fouad. 2013. “New Database of Nontariff Measures Makes Trade Policy More Transparent.” Mimeo, World Bank, Washington, DC. Google ScholarMurphy, Kevin, Andrei Schleifer, and Robert W Vishny. 1989. “Industrialization and the Big Push.” Journal of Political Economy 97 (5): 1003–1026. CrossrefGoogle ScholarRodrik, Dani. 2008. “Normalizing Industrial Policy.” Commission on Growth and Development, Working Paper 3, World Bank, Washington, DC. Google ScholarRodrik, Dani and Arvind Subramanian. 2005. “From Hindu Growth to Productivity Surge: The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition.” IMF Staff Papers 52 (2): 193–236. Google ScholarRoll, Stephan. 2013. “Egypt’s Business Elite after Mubarak: A Powerful Player between Generals and Brotherhood.” SWP Research Paper 8 (September), Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin. Google Scholar Previous chapterNext chapter FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: November 2014ISBN: 978-1-4648-0405-2e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0406-9 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsEast Asia & PacificMiddle East and North AfricaRelated CountriesEgypt, Arab Rep.JordanKorea, Republic ofLebanonMoroccoSyrian Arab RepublicTunisiaRelated TopicsGovernanceMacroeconomics and Economic GrowthPrivate Sector Development KeywordsGULF COOPERATION COUNCILINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICYENTREPRENEURSHIPPOLICY DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PDF DownloadLoading ...
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https://openalex.org/W3125623906
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Business–Government Relations and Industrial Change: The Politics of Upgrading in Morocco and Tunisia
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Processes of upgrading and the promotion of industrial “clusters,” which encompass multiple policies, institutions, and actors, necessarily vary from place to place. Based on the evidence from Morocco and Tunisia, this article contends that different patterns of business–government relations facilitate different elements of industrial upgrading and cluster promotion. State-dominated political economies may be more amenable to implementing macroeconomic and infrastructure-related measures, which are critical in the initial stages of upgrading. Political economies with more organized business communities may be better equipped to pursue the kinds of inter-firm linkages traditionally associated with later phases of upgrading, when the focus is on boosting innovation.
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https://openalex.org/W3136556490
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Tunisian industrial policy, location and evolution of the industrial space of the interior regions
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Abstract Tunisia's industrial development policies have long been considered as a strategic axis that guarantees the economic development of different regions. The industrial policy has tried to achieve a better distribution of economic activities and to promote industrialization in the interior regions. This article studies the evolution of the industrial space of the interior regions of Tunisia. As it measured the concentration and the geographical specialization of economic activities, in connection with their further estimation on a temporal trend, using a common empirical framework that exploits an intermediate geographic level and manufacturing sectors. This approach yields evidence on the weakly diversified industrial structure of the interior and the southern governorates of Tunisia. It is proved, too, that the growth of the manufacturing industry is accompanied by huge inequalities between space units. Given the previously stated results, the industrial policies in the interior regions of Tunisia would be of considerable benefit if it solves the problem of the market and public policy failure. Thus, we strongly urge the establishment of new components of industrial policy.
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https://openalex.org/W1576029678
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Policies to strengthen trade competitiveness in Tunisia
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The Euro-Med Agreement between Tunisia and the European Union resulted in free bilateral trade for industrial products from January 1st, 2008. The stepwise dismantling of industrial tariff barriers vis-a-vis Tunisia’s main trading partner without encountering major disruptions in the domestic market is a significant achievement. But now a new challenge looms. In order to achieve the economic growth rates of 6.1 percent that the country is aspiring to in its 11th Development Plan, policy makers and private sector operators will have to shift from a stance that is focused on defending domestic interests against import competition to an offensive strategy that enables Tunisian exporters to take part and benefit from dynamically evolving global markets. Indeed, strengthening Tunisia’s export performance is a major challenge and requires attention to the incentives that actual and potential exporters face, the efficiency of service providers in the economy, and the effectiveness of trade support institutions that help private sector firms to discover and exploit international market opportunities.
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https://openalex.org/W3121429090
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Impact de l’ouverture sur la performance des entreprises : l’exemple tunisien
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] |
[
"Tunisia"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121429090
|
This work aims to study the relationship between the entry to export market and industrial firm productivity in the Tunisian context. At the outset, we analyze Tunisian regulation and fiscal policy system of industrial firms and we focus on Tunisian trade policy during the last decades. In the second step, we review the literature on free trade theories and we review empirical papers that are related to the scope of the study. In the remainder of this work we developed and tested three hypotheses on the link between entry to export market and Tunisian firm productivity. Our hypotheses include self-selection, learning by exporting and conscious self-selection. For the purpose of this study we collected data on industrial Tunisian firms in the period from 1998 to 2003. In this period, Tunisia spent a lot of efforts in adopting and in implementing free trade policy. Our results show the existence of self selection phenomena in the industrial Tunisian firms. However we didn’t find any evidence of neither learning by exporting nor conscious self selection.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics Thesis from University Paris Dauphine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764760190",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3040904983
|
Winners and Losers in Industrial Policy 2.0: An evaluation of the impacts of the Tunisian Industrial Upgrading Program
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed Ali Marouani",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017994514"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Michelle Marshalian",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052481051"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Subsidy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84265765"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Promotion (chess)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98147612"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Tunisia"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3040904983
|
Large scale business subsidies tied to national industrial development promotion pro-grams are notoriously difficult to study and inseparable from the political economy aspect of large government programs. The Tunisian Industrial Upgrading Program, initiated in the late 80’s, to improve the competitiveness of Tunisian firms increasingly exposed to international competition through firm subsidies, is such an example. The continuation and resurgence of industrial devlopment programs, such as the Tunisian IUP, makes the rigorous evaluation of this type of program within the political economy framework, increasingly important. We use the Tunisian national firm registry database and a perceptions’ survey administered by the national research institute to measure the impact of the IUP and its beneficiaries. Using inverse propensity score re-weighted differences-in-differences regressions, we find that when program recipients are large firms, gains of the program are mostly retained by capital-owners, while when subsidies are distributed to small-sized firms, more gains go to labor.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3199057855
|
INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE TUNISIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nihel Frikha",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088120628"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed Ben Amar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046825513"
}
] |
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988460067"
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C169685871"
},
{
"display_name": "Public sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147859227"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
}
] |
[
"Tunisia"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3199057855
|
This paper aims to assess the impact of industrial policy instruments on international competitiveness and in particular on the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in Tunisia. From a non-stationary panel model composed of 13 Tunisian manufacturing sectors during the period 1995-2016, we show the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between manufacturing exports and its determinants. The results show that spending on research and development and tertiary education has a positive effect on exports. Hence, it is necessary for the public authorities to intervene within the framework of industrial policy to promote technological innovation and higher education.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Revue européenne du droit social",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210187666",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3149674823
|
Policies to strengthen trade competitiveness in Tunisia
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Peter Walkenhorst",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061491638"
}
] |
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Exploit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165696696"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C176856949"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Competitor analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127576917"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C182769425"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"Tunisia"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3149674823
|
The Euro-Med Agreement between Tunisia and the European Union resulted in free bilateral trade for industrial products from January 1st, 2008. The stepwise dismantling of industrial tariff barriers vis-a-vis Tunisia’s main trading partner without encountering major disruptions in the domestic market is a significant achievement. But now a new challenge looms. In order to achieve the economic growth rates of 6.1 percent that the country is aspiring to in its 11th Development Plan, policy makers and private sector operators will have to shift from a stance that is focused on defending domestic interests against import competition to an offensive strategy that enables Tunisian exporters to take part and benefit from dynamically evolving global markets. Indeed, strengthening Tunisia’s export performance is a major challenge and requires attention to the incentives that actual and potential exporters face, the efficiency of service providers in the economy, and the effectiveness of trade support institutions that help private sector firms to discover and exploit international market opportunities.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306520297",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2154035656
|
Business-Government Relations and Industrial Change: The Politics of Upgrading in Morocco and Tunisia
|
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"display_name": "Melani Cammett",
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[
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"Morocco"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2154035656
|
Processes of upgrading and the promotion of industrial clusters, which encompass multiple policies, institutions, and actors, necessarily vary from place to place. Based on the evidence from Morocco and Tunisia, this article contends that different patterns of business-government relations facilitate different elements of industrial upgrading and cluster promotion. State-dominated political economies may be more amenable to implementing macroeconomic and infrastructure-related measures, which are critical in the initial stages of upgrading. Political economies with more organized business communities may be better equipped to pursue the kinds of inter-firm linkages traditionally associated with later phases of upgrading, when the focus is on boosting innovation.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2735097659
|
Institutions and Public Support to the Tunisian System of Innovation: State of the Art
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Samia Haddad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007071929"
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[
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
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{
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] |
[
"Tunisia"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2735097659
|
In the context of the global economy, some developing countries are seeking to develop their productive systems to create a stable economic structure. In this context, the Tunisian government has launched in the 1990s a new industrial policy oriented towards the support of R&D and of technological innovation. This paper analyzes this policy, focusing on the national innovation system (NIS). First, it deals with the theoretical developments related to the systemic approach of innovation. Then, it outlines the institutional, organizational and financial measures implemented to support the establishment of a NIS. Finally, it attempts to show that the participation of political authorities to develop a NSI will be insufficient since the interactions between different actors in this system are limited. JEL codes: O32, O38
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S37074265",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3009652178
|
Winners and losers in industrial policy 2.0
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[
{
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"display_name": "Mohamed Ali Marouani",
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{
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"display_name": "Michelle Marshalian",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052481051"
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{
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3009652178
|
Large-scale business subsidies tied to national industrial development promotion programmes are notoriously difficult to study and are often inseparable from the political economy of large government programmes. We use the Tunisian national firm registry panel database, data on treated firms, and a perceptions survey administered by the National Research Institute to measure the impact of Tunisia’s Industrial Upgrading Program. Using inverse propensity score re-weighted differences-in-differences regressions, we find that small treated firms hire more and higher-skilled labour. In small firms, wages increase 10–17 per cent, with growth in employment and net job creation. However, in larger firms the programme does not support labour and wages fall, suggesting that there are no benefits to labour when funds go to large firms.
|
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Oil and Challenges of Trade Policy Making In Sudan in a Globalizing Arena
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the potential impact of oil revenues on the
economy of Sudan and the challenges facing the Government in policy making,
particularly trade policy and allocation of oil revenues for long-run development and
diversification of the production and export structure of the economy. The exploitation of
oil resources has been accompanied by impressive liberalization of the economy by the
Government of Sudan. Since then the country has been integrating into the world
economy rapidly based on oil revenues. Yet, little has been achieved so far in integrating
various sectors of the domestic economy despite relatively rapid GDP growth based on
oil revenues. Rapid economic growth and diversification of the economy are among the
main objectives of the Government. Therefore, the challenge facing the Government is to
design and implement a long-term development strategy in order to build up a solid
industrial and agricultural sector for sustainable development and expansion of non-oil
exports. In such a strategy the design, and implementation, of trade and industrial policies
and the way oil revenues are allocated, takes, inter alia, importance.
Developing a conceptual framework of analysis, the author will argue that while
export of petroleum provides financial resources for the acceleration of investment and
growth, prospects for sustained growth and diversification will be still limited by some
physical and institutional bottlenecks which can not be easily overcome by ample oil
revenues. Trade in oil itself may have some detrimental socio-economic effects,
including the attitude and policies of the Government, on the prospects for development
and diversification of the economy in the long-run. Therefore, the Government policies,
particularly trade policies, and the way oil revenues are allocated may not be necessarily
conducive to long-run development and diversification of production and export
structure. Proposing an alternative long-run trade and industrial policy for the country,
the author will also outline the practical problems of its implementation under current
international trade rules.
----------
*The author is a development economist with D.Phil from Oxford Univsity. He is currently an international
consultant affiliated to the Institute of Economic Research, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland. He is the
former Head, Macroeconomic and Development Policies Branch, UNCTAD and the author of a large
number of articles, published in international journals, on trade and industrial policies, economic reform
and other development policy issues. His latest book is: Trade Policy at the Crossroads; the recent
experience of developing countries, Macmillan, 2005. This paper is developed on the basis of a part of a
study undertaken for the World Bank under a DTSI project financed by the same Organization. The author
benefited from interviews with Government authorities and comments from Mr. P. Shuler to whom goes
his thanks. Comments are welcome and can be sent to author: [email protected].
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Understanding Commodities, Linkages, and Industrial Development in Africa: Developing a Conceptual Framework
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No AccessMay 2019Understanding Commodities, Linkages, and Industrial Development in Africa: Developing a Conceptual FrameworkAuthors/Editors: Mike Morris, Masuma FarookiMike MorrisSearch for more papers by this author, Masuma FarookiSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1384-9_ch9AboutView ChaptersFull TextPDF (0.5 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: Argues that developing resource-rich countries in African have and should use opportunities to diversify their economies on the basis of local production linkages with the extractives sector. The growing obstacles to traditional drivers of industrialization make it imperative that all economies develop effective strategies to promote their industrial sectors. A renewed opportunity for development has arisen for commodity-exporting low-income economies from a continuing, and probably prolonged, commodity boom and the development of corporate strategies designed to maximize the outsourcing of noncore activities. This opportunity could allow them to foster economic diversification by building on forward and (especially) backward linkages to their commodities sectors. But this path requires evidence-based and strategic policy responses, aligned with corporate visions and implementation plans complemented by policy instruments that provide appropriate incentives and sanctions. Extensive scope exists for governments and the private sector to work together to identify the range of win-win outcomes available to promote diversification. ReferencesBarnes, J and R Kaplinsky. 2000. “Globalisation and the Death of the Local Firm? The Automobile Components Sector in South Africa.” Regional Studies 34 (9): 797–812. CrossrefGoogle ScholarFarooki, M Z and R Kaplinsky. 2012. How China Disrupted Global Commodities: The Reshaping of the World’s Resource Sector. London: Routledge. Google ScholarGereffi, G, T Sturgeon, and J Humphrey. 2005. “The Governance of Global Value Chains.” Review of International Political Economy 12 (1): 78–104. CrossrefGoogle ScholarHirschman, A O 1981. Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond. New York: Cambridge University Press. Google ScholarKaplan, D 2012. “South African Mining Equipment and Specialist Services: Technological Capacity, Export Performance and Policy.” Resources Policy 37 (4): 425–33. CrossrefGoogle ScholarKaplinsky, R and M Morris. 2001. A Handbook for Value Chain Research. http://asiandrivers.open.ac.uk/documents/Value_chain_Handbook_RKMM_Nov_2001.pdf. Google ScholarKharas, H 2009. “The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries.” In Background Paper for the Global Development Outlook 2010: Shifting Wealth: Implications for Development. Paris: OECD Development Centre. Google ScholarLederman, D and W F Maloney. 2007. “Trade Structure and Growth.” In Natural Resources: Neither Curse nor Destiny, edited by Lederman, D and W F Maloney, 15–39. Washington, DC: Stanford University Press and World Bank. Google ScholarMcKay, H and L Song. 2009. “Global Implications of China as a Manufacturing Powerhouse.” In China’s New Place in a World in Crisis, edited by Garnaut, R, L Song, and W T Woo, 261–302. Canberra: ANU Press. CrossrefGoogle ScholarMorris, M, R Kaplinsky, and D Kaplan. 2012. One Thing Leads to Another: Promoting Industrialisation by Making the Most of the Commodity Boom in Sub-Saharan Africa. Marston Gate, United Kingdom: Lulu, Amazon.co.uk. Google ScholarOyejide, T A and A O Adewuyi. 2012. “Determinants of Backward Linkages of the Oil and Gas Industry in the Nigerian Economy.” Resources Policy 37 (4): 452–60. CrossrefGoogle ScholarSachs, J D and A M Warner. 2001. “The Curse of Natural Resources.” European Economic Review 45 (2001): 827–38. CrossrefGoogle ScholarSturgeon, T and O Memedovic. 2010. “Mapping Global Value Chains: Intermediate Goods Trade and Structural, Development Policy and Strategic Research Branch.” Working Paper 05/2010, Change in the World Economy, UNIDO, Vienna. Google ScholarSuliman, K M and A A A Badawi. 2010. “An Assessment of the Impact of China’s Investments in Sudan.” AERC Collaborative Research Project on the Impact of China-Africa Relations, African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi. Google ScholarTeka, Z 2012. “Linkages to Manufacturing in the Resource Sector: The Case of the Angolan Oil and Gas Industry.” Resources Policy 37 (4): 461–67. CrossrefGoogle ScholarWright, G and J Czelusta. 2004. “The Myth of the Resource Curse.” Challenge 47 (2): 6–38. CrossrefGoogle ScholarOther ResourcesBloch, R and G Owusu. 2012. “Linkages in Ghana’s Gold Mining Industry: Challenging the Enclave Thesis.” Resources Policy 37 (4): 434–42. CrossrefGoogle ScholarFessehaie, J 2012. “What Determines the Breadth and Depth of Zambia’s Backward Linkages to Copper Mining? The Role of Public Policy and Value Chain Dynamics.” Resources Policy 37 (4): 443–51. CrossrefGoogle ScholarHanlin, R and C Hanlin. 2012. “The View from Below: ‘Lock In’ and Local Procurement in the African Gold Mining Sector.” Resources Policy 37 (4): 468–74. CrossrefGoogle ScholarKaplinsky, R and E Mhlongo. 1997. “Infant Industries and Industrial Policy: A Lesson from South Africa.” Transformation 34: 57–85. Google ScholarUrzua, O 2007. “Emergence and Development of Knowledge Intensive Mining Services (KIMS).” Background paper prepared for UNCTAD, University of Sussex, mimeo, Brighton. Google ScholarWatkins, M H 1963. “A Staple Theory of Economic Growth.” The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 29 (2): 141–58. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Previous chapterNext chapter FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: May 2019ISBN: 978-1-4648-1384-9e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-1385-6 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsAfricaRelated TopicsEnergyEnvironmentIndustryPrivate Sector Development KeywordsCASE STUDYPETROLEUM SECTORENERGY POLICYGAS AND OILVALUE CHAINSTRANSPARENCYENERGY SUPPLYENERGY CONSUMPTIONFUEL PRICESENERGY REGULATIONENERGY PRODUCTIONNATURAL RESOURCE CURSEEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRYFISCAL POLICYACCOUNTABILITYCAPACITY BUILDINGINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICYINDUSTRIALIZATIONPRIVATE SECTORECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION PDF DownloadLoading ...
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https://openalex.org/W4321612852
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Trade Policy and Productivity Growth: Why Do Sudanese Manufacturing Firms Export Less
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Abstract This paper aims to study the role of trade policy on industrial development and productivity growth. We analyze the relationship between trade policy and productivity growth of manufacturing firms in Sudan. For this work, we evaluate the previous trade policy instruments that implemented between 2000 and 2015. The study finds that Sudan trade policy has significant positive effects on manufacturing firms’ productivity. The study finds also reveals that manufacturing firms offer the largest scope for productivity gains through trade policies aiming at enhancing economic growth. The study also found there was a weak support for investment promotion and tariff protection. This study recommends that building a proper trade policy to support manufacturing firms to adapt new technologies and focusing on labor intensive industries is the key success to sustain productivity and exports.
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https://openalex.org/W3145194756
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Oil and Challenges of Trade Policy Making In Sudan in a Globalizing Arena
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3145194756
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the potential impact of oil revenues on the economy of Sudan and the challenges facing the Government in policy making, particularly trade policy and allocation of oil revenues for long-run development and diversification of the production and export structure of the economy. The exploitation of oil resources has been accompanied by impressive liberalization of the economy by the Government of Sudan. Since then the country has been integrating into the world economy rapidly based on oil revenues. Yet, little has been achieved so far in integrating various sectors of the domestic economy despite relatively rapid GDP growth based on oil revenues. Rapid economic growth and diversification of the economy are among the main objectives of the Government. Therefore, the challenge facing the Government is to design and implement a long-term development strategy in order to build up a solid industrial and agricultural sector for sustainable development and expansion of non-oil exports. In such a strategy the design, and implementation, of trade and industrial policies and the way oil revenues are allocated, takes, inter alia, importance. Developing a conceptual framework of analysis, the author will argue that while export of petroleum provides financial resources for the acceleration of investment and growth, prospects for sustained growth and diversification will be still limited by some physical and institutional bottlenecks which can not be easily overcome by ample oil revenues. Trade in oil itself may have some detrimental socio-economic effects, including the attitude and policies of the Government, on the prospects for development and diversification of the economy in the long-run. Therefore, the Government policies, particularly trade policies, and the way oil revenues are allocated may not be necessarily conducive to long-run development and diversification of production and export structure. Proposing an alternative long-run trade and industrial policy for the country, the author will also outline the practical problems of its implementation under current international trade rules. ---------- *The author is a development economist with D.Phil from Oxford Univsity. He is currently an international consultant affiliated to the Institute of Economic Research, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland. He is the former Head, Macroeconomic and Development Policies Branch, UNCTAD and the author of a large number of articles, published in international journals, on trade and industrial policies, economic reform and other development policy issues. His latest book is: Trade Policy at the Crossroads; the recent experience of developing countries, Macmillan, 2005. This paper is developed on the basis of a part of a study undertaken for the World Bank under a DTSI project financed by the same Organization. The author benefited from interviews with Government authorities and comments from Mr. P. Shuler to whom goes his thanks. Comments are welcome and can be sent to author: [email protected].
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https://openalex.org/W3123885871
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Are Market Disciplines Sufficient? Industrial Policy and Technology Transfer
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123885871
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The following sections are included:TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTHCan Industrial Policy Promote Technology Transfer and Innovation?CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MENA ECONOMIESThe Syrian Textile and Clothing IndustryPlugging into Global Platforms – An Egyptian Textile ExporterPRIORITIES FOR INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN MENA COUNTRIESLeveraging MENA's Natural Resource Base for InnovationCONCLUSIONREFERENCES
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https://openalex.org/W2640923338
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دراسة تحليلية لواقع القطاع الصناعي السوري ومساهمته في الاقتصاد الوطني
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"Syria"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2640923338
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يهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على واقع القطاع الصناعي السوري من خلال دراسة مساهمته في الاقتصاد الوطني، حيث تحاول الباحثة الوقوف على حجم مساهمة القطاع الصناعي السوري في الاقتصاد الوطني وتحليل مساهمة قطاعيه العام والخاص من خلال أربعة مؤشرات رئيسية وهي: - المؤشر الأول: مساهمة القطاع الصناعي السوري في تكوين الإنتاج المحلي الإجمالي. - المؤشر الثاني: مساهمة القطاع الصناعي السوري في تكوين الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. - المؤشر الثالث: مساهمة القطاع الصناعي في تشغيل اليد العاملة. - المؤشر الرابع: مساهمة القطاع الصناعي في التصدير. وبالتالي الوصول إلى مجموعة من النتائج التي تبين واقع القطاع الصناعي ومساهمته في الاقتصاد الوطني، إلى جانب تقديم مجموعة من المقترحات التي من الممكن أن تساهم في تذليل الأسباب المؤدية لانخفاض أدائه بالشكل الذي يمكنه من تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة منه.This research aims to study the real aspects of the Syrian industrial sector through the study of its contribution to the national economy. A Study regarding the size of the industrial contribution to the national economy is presented in this paper, as well as the presenting of an analysis of the contribution of both the public and the private sectors through four key indicators, these are: - The first indicator : the contribution of the industrial sector to the formation of Syrian domestic production. - The second indicator : the contribution of the industrial sector to the formation of Syrian GDP (Gross Domestic Product). - The third indicator : the contribution of the industrial sector to the operation of the labor force. - The fourth indicator : the contribution of the industrial sector to the export. And thus it provides a set of results that reflect both the reality of the industrial sector and its contribution to the national economy. Moreover it provides a set of proposals that could contribute toward overcoming the causes of the sector's low performance, so it can achieve the desired objectives.
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[
{
"display_name": "Tishreen University Journal- Economic and Legal Sciences Series",
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"type": "journal"
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https://openalex.org/W2943975865
|
الصناعة السورية وإمكانية الاستفادة من تجربة التصنيع في كورية الجنوبية لتطويرها
|
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"display_name": "Market economy",
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"display_name": "Psychology",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2943975865
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إن تجربة كورية الجنوبية جذبت انظار العالم اليها، حيث انتقلت من قائمة أفقر بلدان العالم الى تصنيفها دولة صناعية و حققت معدلات نمو عالية بعد عمليات الاصلاح الاقتصادي التي قامت بها، حيث استطاعت جذب الاستثمارات اليها وحققت زيادة في صادراتها وخلق فرص العمل بالإضافة الى نمو ناتجها المحلي وركزت على التعليم والانفتاح على العالم الخارجي واستخدام التكنولوجيا العالية والادارة السليمة الواعية وتشجيع البحوث العلمية التطبيقية وعلى الرغم من اتباعها سياسة احلال الواردات وتوفير الحماية اللازمة لصناعتها الوطنية الا ان هذه الصناعة كانت مرهونة بتحقيق معايير اقتصادية معينة اما سياستها التجارية فقد اتسمت بالاتجاه التدريجي الى تحرير التجارة مع العمل على توفير الدعم المؤسسي للصادرات. ونظرا لأهمية الصناعة ودورها في عملية النمو الاقتصادي فقد تم دراسة واقع الصناعة السورية واهم الخطوات المتخذة لتطويرها وخاصة التركيز على الصناعات التصديرية، وجذب الاستثمارات الصناعية وتحسين بيئة العمل القانونية والتشريعية بالاستفادة من نقاط نجاح التجربة الكورية واهمها التركيز على الميز ة النسبية ووضع استراتيجية صناعية يتم فيها تحديد الصناعات ذات الأولوية وفق الميزة النسبية التي تتمتع بها. The South Korean experience attracted the attention of the world, moving from the list of the poorest countries to the classification of an industrialized country and achieved high growth rates after the economic reforms carried out by attracting investment and increased exports and job creation in addition to the growth of domestic output And focused on education and openness to the outside world and the use of high technology and sound management conscious and promote applied scientific research and despite the adoption of the policy of importing imports and provide protection for the national industry, but the industry was subject to the achievement of standards Economic policy, while its trade policy has been characterized by a gradual trend towards trade liberalization while working to provide institutional support for exports. In view of the importance of the industry and its role in the process of economic growth, the study of the reality of the Syrian industry and the most important steps taken to develop it, especially the focus on export industries, attracting industrial investments and improving the legal and legislative working environment were based on the success of the Korean experience. Priority industries according to their comparative advantage.
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https://openalex.org/W2465025564
|
A comparative study of Chinese and Iranian Science & Technology, and techno-industrial development policies
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"Iran"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2465025564
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This paper argues that for rapid technological catch-up of latecomer economies industrial policy, active control, and guidance of the market by the state are required. In this framework, the paper compares science and technology, as well as industrial policymaking mechanisms of China and Iran. The similarity of recent histories of the countries, which may have led to similar institutional transformations, makes such a comparative analysis meaningful. The study describes S&T and industrial policy-making systems of the countries, uses a case study for each to assess the degree of effectiveness of the states in assisting the technological learning of the enterprises in their respective countries, and delineates differences and similarities between the two policy-making systems. The study concludes that Chinese government is actively involved in assisting the state-owned and other enterprises in gaining technological capabilities, and thus is acting as a developmental state. On the other hand, I find that the state's efforts in Iran in technological learning are mostly in the realm of S&T policy making. The role of the state in Iran in this regard can best be characterized as market-friendly since it has no centralized, active, and direct involvement in the techno-economic development of the enterprises.
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[
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"display_name": "Technological Forecasting and Social Change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S39307421",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3181366286
|
A Conceptual Critique of “Oil, State, and Industrialization in Iran”: An Unsuccessful Narrative of Industrial Policy-making in Iran Policy-making in Iran
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"display_name": "Petroleum industry",
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"display_name": "Finance",
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"display_name": "Environmental engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"Iran"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3181366286
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The reason for non-development in the Iranian society is one of the important concepts with which Iranian thinkers have dealt in the last hundred years. It has been examined from different perspectives. The policy-making for industrial development which was pursued since Reza Shah’s government in order to reconstruct the substructures of Iran, is one of the most important phenomena for the study of non-development. Although the study and examination of reasons of industrial development are very crucial in this regard, few works have dealt with the reasons for industrial non-development. The book “Oil, State, and Industrialization in Iran” by Massoud Karshenas (Professor at SOAS University of London) is one of the few works which deal with the reasons for inefficient industrial policy-making in Iran. Karshenas tries to study the effects of oil on the industrial policy-making in Pahlavi era with a structural approach. This article provides a critique of his approach towards the effects of oil on the industrial industrialization and its implications.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2281066015
|
An overview of industrial policies in IRAN and Korea in 1960-2012
|
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"display_name": "Behrooz Hady Zonooz",
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"Iran"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2281066015
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Zonooz, Behrooz Hady.June, 2013.An overview of industrial policies in IRAN and Korea in 1960-2012,Reports,Seoul, South KoreaThe Association of Korean Economic Studies
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W1035171941
|
« Politics within the late Pahlavi-state: The Ministry of economy and Industrial Policy, 1963-69 ». IJMES, 32, (2000), pp. 97-122.
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[
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"display_name": "Thierry Coville",
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"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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[
"Iran"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1035171941
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Cet article tres interessant decrit la naissance, l’ascension et le declin du Ministere de l’economie en Iran dans les annees 1960. Afin de favoriser l’industrialisation de l’economie iranienne, il fut en effet decide de former un super-ministere, independant par rapport aux pressions de toutes sortes, le Ministere de l’economie. Le ministre nomme pour le diriger etait un jeune economiste francophone, Alinaqi Alikhani. Ce dernier va alors creer une bureaucratie competente qui va favoriser l’i...
|
[
{
"display_name": "Abstracta iranica",
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https://openalex.org/W2270420241
|
Dark Past, Grey Present or Bright Future? Foreign Investorss Access to China's Telecommunications Industry and a Political Economy Analysis of Recent Industrial Policy Moves
|
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"display_name": "Wei Shen",
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"display_name": "Law",
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"Libya"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2270420241
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Amid the global economic downturn, Eurozone crisis and Libya war in 2011, Alibaba, Yahoo and Softbank’s dispute over Alipay brought China’s telecoms industry and, more importantly, foreign investment policies into the global spotlight. This article considers Chinese legislative framework regulating foreign investment in China’s telecoms industry, and more importantly, two transactional models, that is, the CCF and VIE structures, foreign investors have adopted in the past three decades to access China’s restricted telecoms industry. This article attempts to unveil the underlying reasons foreign investors creating and utilizing these transactional models and, more importantly, China’s recent regulatory instruments Chinese authorities have taken in tackling the VIE structure in telecoms industry. From a political economy lens, this article offers a possible rationale underpinning such movements in light of China’s policy direction.
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{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3121910136
|
Dark Past, Grey Present or Bright Future? – Foreign Investors’ Access to China’s Telecommunications Industry and a Political Economy Analysis of Recent Industrial Policy Moves
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "China",
"display_name": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I183067930",
"lat": 31.22222,
"long": 121.45806,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Wei Shen",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035903865"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
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{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
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{
"display_name": "Underpinning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780871342"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
}
] |
[
"Libya"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121910136
|
Amid the global economic downturn, Eurozone crisis and Libya war in 2011, Alibaba, Yahoo and Softbank’s dispute over Alipay brought China’s telecoms industry and, more importantly, foreign investment policies into the global spotlight. This article considers Chinese legislative framework regulating foreign investment in China’s telecoms industry, and more importantly, two transactional models, that is, the CCF and VIE structures, foreign investors have adopted in the past three decades to access China’s restricted telecoms industry. This article attempts to unveil the underlying reasons foreign investors creating and utilizing these transactional models and, more importantly, China’s recent regulatory instruments Chinese authorities have taken in tackling the VIE structure in telecoms industry. From a political economy lens, this article offers a possible rationale underpinning such movements in light of China’s policy direction.
|
[
{
"display_name": "The journal of world investment & trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210226457",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2978106503
|
INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS AND IT’S EFFECT IN ALTERING THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT STRUCTURE IN JORDAN FOR THE PERIOD 1980-2002
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Anmar Hajee",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076275827"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Gross domestic product",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114350782"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Product (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727"
},
{
"display_name": "Raising (metalworking)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780589192"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial production",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82753439"
},
{
"display_name": "Affect (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776035688"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Geometry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
}
] |
[
"Jordan"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2978106503
|
The last stage has witnessed dramatic changes toward the industrial exports in most ofthe developing countries include Jordan at the beginning of the eighteens in the lastcentury, the reason for such a change is due to the various positive results that escorted theapplication of this policy in the states of which it has relied on earlier. It can also beconsidered a fundamental phase of which the intact entrance into the economicalglobalization requires. The paper’s significance emerges from the transformation and thendeepening the industrial exports policy of which it is a result of actual requirements forcoping with the universal economical developments. The paper’s aim refers to the necessityof specifying the effecting factor in the industrial exports, then estimating and analyzing theindustrial exports effect in it’s capability on achieving alterations in the gross domestic product structure in Jordan furthermore specifying the factors that affect the industrial exports and the attempt to affect them through the economical policies is considered a significant question toward raising the industrial exports averages.
|
[
{
"display_name": "تنمیة الرافدین",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172590",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2484191997
|
Do Governments Pick Winners or Losers? an Assessment of Industrial Policy in Egypt
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ahmed Galal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047421885"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Subsidy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84265765"
},
{
"display_name": "Liberalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58823610"
},
{
"display_name": "Diversification (marketing strategy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180916674"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic shortage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C194051981"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Commercial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C140413371"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Deregulation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78780426"
},
{
"display_name": "Free trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35532855"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
}
] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2484191997
|
Abstract Shortage of products in the global markets and the drive for rapid diversification and industrialization led Egypt to erect high trade barriers to protect domestic industries and provide support to large national projects. Markets played a modest role in resource allocations and planning was the name of the game for almost a decade and a half. Egypt opted for a partial liberalization of the economy under the name of infitah or “open door policy” in the mid-1970s. Partial liberalization ironically amounted to increased selective intervention as segments of the economy were liberalized while others were left unaffected. Egypt embarked on a program that involved price and trade liberalization, privatization, a reduction of subsidies and taxes, and deregulation.
|
[
{
"display_name": "American University in Cairo Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462830",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3117513822
|
Achieving sustainable industrialisation in Egypt: assessment of the potential for EIPs
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Egypt",
"display_name": "Cairo University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I145487455",
"lat": 30.0276,
"long": 31.21014,
"type": "education"
},
{
"country": "United Arab Emirates",
"display_name": "Zayed University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I91044093",
"lat": 24.45118,
"long": 54.39696,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Suzanna ElMassah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036192642"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Relocation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779019381"
},
{
"display_name": "Enforcement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial park",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781305714"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
}
] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3117513822
|
This paper explores the prospects of Egypt in achieving sustainable development goal 9 (sustainable industrialisation). It looks at the national policy efforts of the new government and finds that environmentally-sound industrial production and overall sustainable industrial development is a priority in the country's vision. The analysis then takes a closer look at three case studies of attempts of the Egyptian Government to promote sustainable industrial development by establishing or developing eco-industrial parks (Robbiki Eco-Leather Park, El-Safaa Metal Foundries Zone and Shaq Al-Thu'ban Marble Technology Park). The analysis of the three cases outlines a number of factors impeding the success of these attempts; including weak policy and regulatory frameworks, lack of strong enforcement mechanisms, poor planning, lack of financial resources to support the relocation of most vulnerable (smallest) enterprises and the negative impact of informal economy and criminal elements. The paper concludes with several recommendations to overcome these obstacles.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Interdisciplinary environmental review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210227574",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2736191226
|
The Political Economy of A Sector in Crisis: Industrial Policy and Political Connections in the Egyptian Automotive Industry
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Amirah El-Haddad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027547715"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jeremy Hodge",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005277553"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nizar Manek",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068845723"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Liberalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58823610"
},
{
"display_name": "Tariff",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776060655"
},
{
"display_name": "Automotive industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526921623"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Liberian dollar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109168655"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerospace engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
}
] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2736191226
|
The Egyptian automotive industry developed under the country’s policy of import substitution industrialization (ISI). It mainly catered to Egypt’s small domestic market. The Open-Door Policy of the seventies opened up the sector to joint ventures and imports with further liberalization with the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP) in the nineties. Despite some liberalization, the main features of the seventies’ import substitution policies remained in place. Both assembly and feeder industries were protected through relatively high effective rates of tariff protection and local content requirements. The sector has faced a series of setbacks since the January 2011 revolution and then again in 2015, the latter including maximum caps on dollar withdrawals and deposits imposed by the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE). The sector’s influential businessmen have developed a draft law for a series of non-tariff trade barriers to protect their assembly and manufacturing roles in the industry. Unable to compete in the global environment, if not protected these firms would turn into importers and distributors. This study documents the evolution of the sector since the Nasser era. It also discusses the interconnected network of politically connected firms and its influence over the policy making process in Egypt. The first part of the paper examines the protective environment within which the automotive sector has grown and the way it has shaped industry structure and market players. The second analyzes state-business relations and the interlinked network of power within the industry.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2197573937
|
Market structure, industrial organisation and technological development: the case of egyptian industries
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Forsyth Djc",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071330668"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jebuni Cd",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021930233"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Econometric model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180075932"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometric analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984393311"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2197573937
|
ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper on the relationship between market economy, industrial structure and enterprise level choice of technology in Egypt - compares econometric models and industry level data from nine developing countries, and investigates the impact of industrial policy favouring capital intensive manufacturing on the Egyptian labour market. Bibliography and statistical tables.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2611615372
|
Government Intervention with No Structural Transformation: The Challenges of Egyptian Industrial Policy in Comparative Perspective (ARABIC)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Amirah El-Haddad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027547715"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Inefficiency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778869765"
},
{
"display_name": "Corporate governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Enforcement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2611615372
|
Abstract: Structural transformation in Egypt has been modest. Industry is growing at a slower rate than services. Within industry, the non-manufacturing sectors of mining, construction and utilities have grown faster than manufacturing. The moderate growth of manufacturing itself is sustained by that of the resource based chemicals and petroleum sector, the latter dominated by petroleum refineries. There has been no development in more sophisticated sectors such as machinery and equipment or electronics. Exports follow the same structure. High technology exports are almost absent at just 1% of total merchandise exports. These data demonstrate the failure of the Egyptian governments’ active industrial policy to achieve structural transformation. With the aid of some comparative perspective, to avoid further government failure this paper presents short (selective) and long term (neutral) policy recommendations. With respect to the former, incentives should be strictly performance-based, they should be dynamic with policies not set to contradict each other’s’ goals such as local content requirements. Whilst encouraging local production, such requirements reinforce inefficiency and reduce innovation and upgrading incentives. It is further recommended that incentives need be finite, pre-announced and enforced along with constant independent monitoring and evaluation. Improving incentives is conditional on a number of long term neutral or horizontal policies that raise the competitiveness of the entire economy and guard against capture. These policies include introducing profound governance and institutional reform to slash red-tape, remove the command and control economy, and clearly establish the rule of law with commercial dispute resolution and fair and expeditious contract enforcement. Second, improve the economy’s competitive environment and accentuate equality of opportunity between all market players rather than favoring some firms to others, and protecting market insiders at the expense of potential entrants. A non-equal level playing field has negative implications on Egyptian consumers’ welfare. This policy area also calls for clarifying the role of the Army in the economy within a framework which respects Egyptian competition law and equality of opportunity amongst all players. Next is the recommendation to focus on primary, secondary and vocational education as well as encouraging human resource innovation and improving the infrastructure not just in industrial and free zones which only partially deal with the problem. Labor markets require further easing of labor market regulations to reduce rigidities. Additionally, conditional transfers to subsidize private “not” public employment, not just to avoid politicization of government employment but to also offset the reduction in employment in construction sectors following introduction of the proposed wealth tax. These are the sectors crowding out industrial production keeping the labor force captive in low productivity sectors. Managing these schemes should not be limited to the government but can be fully run by civil society. These efforts should be coupled with flexible exchange rate policies to ensure availability of foreign exchange to producers, avoid reduced competitiveness and to limit the flow of resources into non-traded sectors. The combined effect of these recommendations will be to enhance productivity and technological content; in turn raising real wages, thus boosting effective demand and market size for more sophisticated high value products; finally realizing economies of scale for such products. All this will support growth with structural transformation, the eventual goal of Egyptian industrial policy.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W620710046
|
Government and business
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Steven Tolliday",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080800676"
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Part 1 Government and business development: Japan's early industrialization and the transfer of government enterprises - government and business, Masaaki Kobayashi capitalism and bureaucracy in German industrialization before 1914, Jurgen Kocka Baku oil and transcaucasian pipelines, 1883-1891 - a study in Tsarist economic policy, John P. McKay government policy and economic development in Germany and Japan - a skeptical re-evaluation, Frank B. Tripton American law and the marketing structure of the large corporation, 1875-1890, Charles W. McCurdy Lord Cromer and the development of Egyptian industry, E.R.J. Owen the state and economic development in India, 1890-1947 - the case of oil, Geoffrey G. Jones the state's contribution to the development of Brazil's internal economy, 1850-1930, Steven Topik the Colonial Office British business interests and the reforms of cocoa marketing in West Africa, 1937-1945, David Meredith mastering the market - Japanese government targeting of the computer industry, Marie Anchordoguy. Part 2 Business and politics: the end of laissez faire and the politics of cotton, P.F. Clarke French business and the French colonialists, C.M. Andrew and A.S. Kanya-Forstner economic power and political stability reconsidered - heavy industry in Weimar Germany, Bernd Weisbrod railway combination and government, 1900-14, P.J. Cain the control of competition in the British coalmining industry in the Thirties, Maurice W. Kirkby the political economy of demoralization - the state and the coalmining industry in America and Britain between the wars, Barry Supple domestic politics and foreign investment - British development of Mexican petroleum, 1889-1911, Jonathan C. Brown a special relationship government, rearmament and the cordite firms, Clive Trebilcock the oil industry in Nazi Germany, Raymond G. Stokes employers' organizations, unemployment and social politics in Britain during the inter-war period, Terence Rodgers corporate liberalism in the American business community, 1920-1940, Kim McQuaid economic mobilization in wartime Japan - business, bureaucracy, and military in conflict, Richard Rice not politicians but sound businessmen - Norton company and the Third Reich, Charles Cheape colonial firms and the decline of colonialism in Eastern India, 1914-47, B.R. Tomlinson decolonization and business - the case of Egypt, Robert L. Tignor.
|
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