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https://openalex.org/W2504145534
|
Egypt: Successive Holding Structures
|
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"type": "other"
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"display_name": "Anjali Kumar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060507875"
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[
{
"display_name": "Bureaucracy",
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{
"display_name": "Liberalization",
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"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
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{
"display_name": "Socialism",
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"display_name": "Autonomy",
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"display_name": "State (computer science)",
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"display_name": "Business",
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"display_name": "Investment (military)",
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{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"display_name": "Linguistics",
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
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{
"display_name": "Communism",
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2504145534
|
The focus of the development strategy of the Egyptian government since the 1952 revolution was growth through self-reliance and socialism. From 1961, the nationalization of private enterprise began and by 1965, all large establishments in agriculture, industry, trade and infrastructure were state-owned. To look after the 438 public enterprises which existed at this time, thirty nine General Organizations were created, under the aegis of sectoral ministries. The rationale for the General Organizations at this point was improved sectoral coordination and planning of industrial development. During the 1970s, there were some attempts at liberalization under an Open Door Policy and new laws were introduced to encourage private investment.1 Although most industry remained in the hands of the state, the government attempted to ease the strict and bureaucratic controls on public enterprises by abolishing the General Organizations in 1975 (Law 111) and placing the enterprises directly under the relevant ministries. A performance evaluation system was introduced at the same time to give greater autonomy to public enterprises.2
|
[
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"display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463716",
"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3118475044
|
Measuring the Impact of Monetary Stability Indicators on the Development of Small Industrial Enterprises in Iraq for the Period (2000-2018)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ghalib Shaker Bahit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063740822"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Salam Mounam Zami",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020263946"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hatem Kareem Balhawi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030564648"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Exchange rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776988154"
},
{
"display_name": "Inflation (cosmology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200941418"
},
{
"display_name": "Currency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141121606"
},
{
"display_name": "Local currency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780015253"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial production",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82753439"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126285488"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic stability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C73374054"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Secondary sector of the economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169685871"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Goods and services",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187452473"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
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{
"display_name": "Product (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727"
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{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
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{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Theoretical physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33332235"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] |
[
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3118475044
|
Monetary policy seeks, through its tools, to stabilize the prices of goods and services, stabilize the exchange rate of the local currency, and create an appropriate interest rate structure that is consistent with economic and local conditions. The research problem is a question. Has the economic policy in Iraq succeeded in being in meshes with the directions of monetary policy and investing the stability opportunities provided, to promote the development activity of the country properly, by strengthening the role of local investment, especially in small industrial projects with the desired product locally. This study dealt with measuring indicators of monetary stability in the development of small industrial enterprises. The industrial system for small enterprises in Iraq is characterized by the high volume of small-sized industrial units, which accounted for (96.99%) of the total establishments operating in the industrial sector. The existence of a direct effect between the exchange rate and the number of workers, and the existence of an adverse effect between inflation and the value of production.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial Engineering and Management Systems",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764454127",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1801289538
|
Picking Winners and Losers: An Empirical Analysis of Industrial Policy in Morocco
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Najib Harabi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005870067"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Sample (material)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522"
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{
"display_name": "Independence (probability theory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35651441"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Public economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
},
{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1801289538
|
This paper describes the major instruments of industrial policy in Morocco since its independence (1956) and assesses them empirically. Regarding the second objective, several methods for assessing the impact of industrial policy exist in the economic literature. In this paper the question is raised whether government selective policies have contributed to economic growth of private firms in Morocco. To answer this question empirically, the paper analyzes the factors affecting the growth process of Moroccan private firms, including selective government policies. The analysis is based on a field survey of 850 firms carried out under the auspices of the World Bank in 2004. The sample includes firms of different sizes and covers all major manufacturing industries. A major result of this case study is that they are indirect clues of the inefficacy of industrial policies in Morocco, at least measured by their impact on firm growth.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3129217983
|
Industrial Policy and Promising Niches in Morocco. A Quantitative Analysis
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed Karim",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062479967"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Khalid Sobhi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078678260"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed El Moussaoui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087467912"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Othmane Erguigue",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083012330"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
"display_name": "Agriculture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473"
},
{
"display_name": "Tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823"
},
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
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{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
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{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3129217983
|
Since 2000, Morocco has launched important institutional and economic reforms based on strategies to correct market failures in important sectors of the economy. These strategies have included tax exemptions and other financial incentives, facilitating access to land and simplifying administrative procedures, and launching major public infrastructure projects, all of which have combined to create a new investment dynamic in strategic sectors such as agriculture, industry, and energy. These efforts have affected many sectors: the Azur Vision 2020 plan for tourism, the Green Morocco Plan for agriculture, the Halieutis 2020 Plan for fishing, Maroc Plus Export for export, the Emergence Plan (2005) for industry followed by the National Pact for Industrial Emergence, 2009-2015 and the new Industrial Acceleration Plan, 2014-2020. For example, to support the new Industrial Acceleration Plan, the government has provided a grant, a financial support of about 2% of GDP over 6 years. The government has also offered ad hoc support to attract foreign investors in large private projects likely to generate significant positive externalities. One example is the project to set up a Renault Company plant in Tangiers, which aims to produce and export 400,000 cars per year (World Bank, 2017).This note highlights the industrial sectors that can offer the best potential for growth, attract private investors and contribute to the creation of decent jobs. It will also identify ways to accelerate investment in Morocco. These industrial investments may include purely private investments or those made with the support of international financial institutions. The note analyzes investment and sectoral integration opportunities using the input model (outputs and employment elasticity indicators), the evaluation of the industrial acceleration plan, and sets out the measures taken by the CVE to promote VSEs. Only one classic sector is selected is highlighted for their investment potential and their commitment to reform in the sectors. It is the food industry.The note follows the diagram below:1) An introduction to the economic, political and social frameworks, including key indicators 2) A sector analysis to identify one to three sectors that are likely to be the subject of accelerated investment and in which reforms will have a particularly high chance of improving the business and investment climate and having an impact on development. 3) A mapping of the most relevant initiatives, technical assistance, grants and loans, and investments by donors and other stakeholders, such as development finance institutions. In the selected sector(s).4) An analysis of the existing reform agenda in the respective sector(s) and the identification of areas where there is a high likelihood of effective cooperation to support the implementation of these reforms.
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210220026",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2187889771
|
Identification and Analysis of Industrial Cluster Structure
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "А. В. Бабкин",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067318283"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Tatiana Kudryavtseva",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023117262"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Svetlana Alexandrovna Utkina",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018573747"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Identification (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Statistic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89128539"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"display_name": "Function (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430"
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"display_name": "Market structure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155739000"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2187889771
|
The article gives reasons for the choice of management object of state policy, the problems of realization of policy are considered, its risks connected with information asymmetry, insufficiency of statistic information, absence of efficient tool for and their prototypes' identification. Critical analysis of the existing approaches to definition of industrial enterprises' clusters is done, the author proposes his own sequential order to identify groups of interrelated enterprises with the aid of charts of potential clusters. Use of this approach allowed to identify the structure of industrial and interrelation between its main participators, which are potential objects of state policy. In Russia in the conditions of significant change of companies, state organizations and NCOs which are institutional functions performed by constituent entities' striving to increase in competition. The founder of this governments the object of state management in industry theory, M. Porter investigated the role of clusters in must be re-defined, in order to do that new approaches competition processes, living cycle of clusters, role of must be developed. In modern economy key function is private sector as well as institutes in clusters performed by such relations between economic agents, improvement. By now approach to economy is which can not be restricted neither to ordinary market totally accepted strategy aimed to increase competition of contracts, nor to relations inside company executive industries in national economy Successful experiments in vertical structure. Such coordination of economic activity, development of clusters were carried out in different world which is something in between market and administrative countries, among them: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, forms is called economic quasi-integration (1). Practices of Mexico, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Madagascar, Morocco, Tunis developed countries with completely formed market (3). Cluster approach is also used in state investment relations demonstrate that one of relatively new forms of policy in order to find out prioritized areas for attraction of quasi-integration is combination of enterprises from direct foreign investments (4). different industries of national economy, which is called Popularization of approach in economy of developed countries led to active development of M. M. Porter gives the following definition: cluster is a Porter's ideas. Having analyzed existing approaches group of geographically near to each and (UNIDO, Eurasia Fund) (5-8, 11) we could formulate the interrelated companies and associated with them following definition of industrial cluster. Industrial institutes which specialize in some common sphere and is a group of geographically close and interacting leading put together by common interests and add to each other companies and affiliated organizations which act in
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4225305100
|
Articles: African industrial hubs and industrialization: diversity, unevenness and strategic approach
|
[] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Diversity (politics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781316041"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
},
{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
},
{
"display_name": "Excellence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777352838"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Diversification (marketing strategy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180916674"
},
{
"display_name": "Economies of agglomeration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C131850264"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4225305100
|
Economic agglomeration and industrial clusters have always been part of industrialization and economic development. Since the 1960s, industrial hubs have proliferated in Asia, driven by policies to foster economic catch-up and structural transformation. Industrial hubs are relatively new to Africa but continue to attract attention from policymakers and researchers. However, empirical studies on African industrial hubs have been inadequate and, to date, have had only a limited influence on policymaking. Contrary to accepted wisdom, underperforming African industrial hubs offer an opportunity for policy learning from successes and failures. This paper aims to fill the existing knowledge gap from a policymaking perspective. It has three objectives: first, to demonstrate the diversity, the uneven and mixed outcomes, and the evolving nature of African industrial hubs; second, to provide insights and policymaking lessons through a comparative analysis of four diverse cases, namely those of Mauritius, the China-Africa economic and trade cooperation development zones, the Tanger Med Complex in Morocco and the recent experiment with industrial hubs in Ethiopia; third, to show that developing synergies to advance industrialization requires a strategic approach, integrating the state’s productive role and executive excellence within the broader industrial policy framework.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Transnational corporations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210181465",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2912694526
|
Deindustrialization and Employment in Morocco
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Abdelaaziz Aït Ali",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027522501"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Uri Dadush",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036500840"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Deindustrialization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780083220"
},
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988460067"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Agriculture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912694526
|
This policy brief shows that the downward trend of employment in manufacturing in Morocco is due primarily to labor productivity improvement and that the increased deficit in manufacturing trade also plays an important role. While recognizing the crucial importance of a vibrant manufacturing sector in Morocco, this brief argues that Morocco cannot rely primarily on manufactures to “pull” labor out of agriculture. To provide more jobs, Moroccan policies should pay more attention to sectors which employ large numbers of people and where employment is expanding as a result of the ongoing structural transformation of the Moroccan economy.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Policy notes & Policy briefs",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306522713",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2107351396
|
Export-driven Industrial Development in Morocco
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ki Wook Kim",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011728393"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jung-Ho",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024804978"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Myeong Soo Lee",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037894141"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jin-sang",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070027735"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Promotion (chess)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98147612"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107351396
|
Morocco is located en route to Europe from the African continent. ED is the main trading partner sharing more than 65% of exports and 60% of imports. Morocco applied for EU membership but has not yet succeeded. The Moroccan economy has not been fully industrialized. Government policies have not been effective in terms of industrial promotion. With the limited size of the domestic market, Morocco could benefit greatly from export promotion policies so that its economy can become more closely integrated with the EU. In this sense, the Korean model of industrialization based on export promotion could be a good match and benchmark. After analyzing the current situation of the Moroccan economy and export policies, this paper suggests ways in which Korea can share its successful development experience in the public and private sectors, and academia.
|
[
{
"display_name": "한국아프리카학회지",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306496500",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3148109343
|
Picking Winners and Losers: An Empirical Analysis of Industrial Policy in Morocco
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Najib Harabi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005870067"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Independence (probability theory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35651441"
},
{
"display_name": "Sample (material)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Public economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3148109343
|
This paper describes the major instruments of industrial policy in Morocco since its independence (1956) and assesses them empirically. Regarding the second objective, several methods for assessing the impact of industrial policy exist in the economic literature. In this paper the question is raised whether government selective policies have contributed to economic growth of private firms in Morocco. To answer this question empirically, the paper analyzes the factors affecting the growth process of Moroccan private firms, including selective government policies. The analysis is based on a field survey of 850 firms carried out under the auspices of the World Bank in 2004. The sample includes firms of different sizes and covers all major manufacturing industries. A major result of this case study is that they are indirect clues of the inefficacy of industrial policies in Morocco, at least measured by their impact on firm growth.
|
[
{
"display_name": "MPRA Paper",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306520297",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2330251157
|
The EU’s Mediterranean Policy and the Southward Expansion of European Production Network: Case of Morocco
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Haruka Takasaki",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002206971"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
},
{
"display_name": "Multinational corporation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158016649"
},
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Mediterranean climate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4646841"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779228913"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W4233620324"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2330251157
|
The relationship between the EU and the Mediterranean enters a new stage after the 1995 Barcelona Declaration. This phase has been preceded by an active implementation of EU’s policy towards the Mediterranean since the 1960s. The main objective of the ongoing policy is to ensure high economic growth in the Mediterranean area based on the promotion of EU’s FDI into the region which is fully integrated in the production network of Europe. This type of policy has also been the underpinnings of Central and Eastern Europe’s economic development. Having agreed with the similar development policy, Mediterranean countries, especially Morocco, have started an FDI-oriented economic growth strategy. The general objective of this study is to illustrate the process of EU’s FDI in the Mediterranean, especially Morocco, taking the EU policy as a starting point. In particular, after a description of the characteristics of Moroccan development strategy, an attention is paid to the market level behavior. Specifically, we investigate the present condition of the Moroccan automotive industry and examine the case of Renault based on a fieldwork. In recent years, the automobile and aeronautic sectors have become one of the most important sectors with respect to the Moroccan Industrial Emergence National Pact and have consequently received large inflows of FDI mainly from Southern Europe’s multinational firms (France and Spain). The economic reforms taking place in Morocco, namely the Tanger MED port facilities, the various free zones and the governmental investment incentives packages, can explain the recent increase of FDI in the country. Besides, contrarily the other Mediterranean countries, Morocco has adopted the “advanced status” in 2008 which aimed at legally making the country closer to EU through the EU acquis. Our fieldwork has been conducted in SOMACA and Renault-Nissan (Tanger-Project). SOMACA has been, until 2002, an export-oriented firm focusing in the Southern European market and has started the exports of low-cost vehicles (Dacia-Logan) in 2007. Despite the recent financial crisis, Renault is one of the most important firms, especially because our fieldwork has shown that the “Renault-Tanger Mediterranean” Project with a production capacity of 400000 vehicles, a low-cost production base, is the greatest project ever in the Moroccan automotive sector. An examination of the Moroccan automobile industry can consequently help to have an idea on part of the formation of a production network that is taking place in the region.
|
[
{
"display_name": "EU Studies in Japan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764437136",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2562460989
|
L’attractivité des investissements directs étrangers Cas de l’industrie manufacturière marocaine
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohammed Bijou",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069502311"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohammed Elhassouni",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023442415"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
},
{
"display_name": "Multinational corporation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158016649"
},
{
"display_name": "Subsidiary",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126071100"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Underpinning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780871342"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Panel data",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6422946"
},
{
"display_name": "Appeal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778449503"
},
{
"display_name": "Market size",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2983069542"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Commerce",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54750564"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2562460989
|
The contribution of foreign subsidiaries to economic growth prompted the Moroccan government to place the attraction of foreign direct investment as one of the economic priorities of the country, which has led to the development of policies aiming to attract multinationals. This thesis therefore proposes to identify the key determinants of foreign investment. It is to identify new investment conditions sought by multinational firms to appreciate the Moroccan territory , and then evaluate using an econometric panel data model the importance of different macroeconomic variables explaining the inflow of FDI in the manufacturing sector in Moroccan flows, and to identify the main factors underpinning the appeal.
Our results show that variables such as availability of labor factor, high cost and quality of labor, market size, as well as trade opening, are the most significant factors appealing to industrial companies. We also show that the industrial density attracts the implementation of new investors, and that Morocco has become an attractive industrial platform to foreign exporters.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1520564592
|
Some dimensions of incoherence of Moroccan trade policy with its internal sectoral policies
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Morocco",
"display_name": "Université Sultan Moulay Slimane",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119856",
"lat": 32.33725,
"long": -6.34983,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Rachid Hasnaoui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059875875"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Morocco",
"display_name": "Université Sultan Moulay Slimane",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119856",
"lat": 32.33725,
"long": -6.34983,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Cheklekbire Malainine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035141713"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Tariff",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776060655"
},
{
"display_name": "Openness to experience",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84976871"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Commercial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C140413371"
},
{
"display_name": "Balance of trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22674136"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Balance (ability)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168031717"
},
{
"display_name": "Trade barrier",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182769425"
},
{
"display_name": "International economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055"
},
{
"display_name": "Agriculture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical medicine and rehabilitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99508421"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1520564592
|
Morocco signed a range of preferential agreements with more than fifty partners. However, the balance of trade with them, benefits to the partners of Morocco against the interests of Moroccan firms. Similarly, the conclusion of new trade agreements such as that with Canada or UEMOA will degrade the trade balance of Morocco and will worsen its deficit. The present paper aims to show the problem of inconsistency between trade policy of Morocco and its sectoral policies: agricultural, industrial and fisheries; since for foreign trade policy, a tariff reform based on the reduction of tariffs was implemented while the effort to promote and diversify the industrial and agricultural supply has not received the same necessary logical care. The causes of incoherence relate in particular to the existence of a dislocated economic sector, disintegrated and weakly competitive. In other words, The lack of competitive firms, able to satisfy, at competitive rates, domestic demand, to able to satisfy, at competitive rates, domestic demand, to compete internationally, to create employment for young people and promote social progress. The existing mechanisms of action as sectoral plans implemented since a good ten years have failed to boost economic growth and to achieve the objectives of intended development. The role of the state at this time should focus on two points: first to support financially businesses and second, to support the cost of poorly studied and less thoughtful trade openness. This is based mainly on free trade with powerful and competitive markets.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2765039435",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3025276523
|
The effectiveness of Morocco’s industrial policy in promoting a national automotive industry
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Tina Hahn",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019427510"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Georgeta Vidican Auktor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033212890"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Automotive industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526921623"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
},
{
"display_name": "Workforce",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Global value chain",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778764706"
},
{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Comparative advantage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76474335"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerospace engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W2013359243",
"https://openalex.org/W2029347888",
"https://openalex.org/W2043836931",
"https://openalex.org/W2058147221",
"https://openalex.org/W2106972046",
"https://openalex.org/W2275960359",
"https://openalex.org/W2518842371"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3025276523
|
Since the 1980s, international production patterns have fundamentally changed, creating opportunities for developing countries to integrate into global value chains (GVCs). Morocco, which is among the first countries in the Middle East and North Africa to pursue an export-led economic policy, has used this opportunity, among others, to develop an automotive supplier industry, which became one of the country’s industrial lead-sectors. This paper analyses how industrial policy and industry-level dynamics contributed to the emergence of an automotive supplier industry. We find that, although Morocco achieved its overall goal of establishing such an industry, this industry remains limited to low-value activities. With the aim of deepening the level of integration into GVCs and acquiring a dynamic competitive advantage in the automotive sector, the nature and objective of industrial policy in Morocco has changed in the past couple of years. Instead of focusing primarily on its labour-cost advantage to attract lead-firms to localise in Morocco, decision-makers currently are taking a more systemic approach to industrial policy, focusing on fostering synergies across sectors, creating ecosystems for different parts of the value chain, and using targeted support measures for enhancing workforce capabilities and competencies. We find evidence for a tendency towards the co-design of policy measures by public and private stakeholders, which, if it persists, could lead the way towards a more effective industrial policy. The main challenge for the future of the automotive sector in Morocco lies in a stronger inclusion of local firms in the value chain and a gradual shift towards higher value added. This will require a stronger focus on developing advanced technological skills and a higher level of investment in research and development.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2587738048
|
Productivité, innovation et politique sectorielle des industries de transformation au Maroc (1985-2013) : Fondements théoriques et proposition d’une méthodologie [Productivity, Innovation and Sectoral Policy of Manufacturing Industries in Morocco (1985-2013): Theory and Proposition of a Methodology]
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed Benabdelkader",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023825113"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Openness to experience",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84976871"
},
{
"display_name": "Total factor productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120009192"
},
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Manufacturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175700187"
},
{
"display_name": "Panel data",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6422946"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2587738048
|
The determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) of the manufacturing industries, in particular innovation and industrial policy, constituted the seminal contribution of Crepon, Duguet and Mairesse in the late 1990. This study aims to explain the TFP of the 5 branches composing the manufacturing industries in Morocco on the 1985-2013 period through its panel regression on innovation, trade openness and industrial policy variables, as well as their interactions, while testing the model assumptions in the light of the Moroccan reality. This study will also provide conclusions related to the relevance of the original model as well as extensions and implications for further research.
|
[
{
"display_name": "MPRA Paper",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306520297",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3123314386
|
Performance of clusters in Morocco in the shifting economic and industrial reforms
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Boumediene Amraoui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047699763"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Abdesselam Ouhajjou",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082991479"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Salvatore Monni",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058125558"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061832636"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Manuela Tvaronavičienė",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051403565"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Cluster development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33404073"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Cluster (spacecraft)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164866538"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic transformation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780690664"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial district",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777551599"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Regional science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123314386
|
The emergence of cluster policy around the world is inspired by the models of the Silicon Valley. Territorial and local development productive systems depend on the new integrated management models that are clusters. Morocco has adopted economic and industrial reforms aimed at accelerating the structural transformation of its production system by strengthening its territorial development model while adopting a cluster development policy through the National Pact for Industrial Emergence, but the performance of these clusters is questionable because they are in the genesis stage and must overcome social, managerial, financial and administrative obstacles and lack of public and private sector partnerships and insufficient innovative collaborative projects. This raises the question of measuring the dynamics and performance of a clusters and the problem of evaluating the economic development of a region. In this study, we intend to conduct review of Moroccan clusters and diagnose their performance in the context economic and industrial moving.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3137069946
|
The automotive sector in Morocco. Local manifestation of a global dynamic or decisive industrial emergence? [Le secteur automobile au Maroc. Manifestation locale d'une dynamique mondiale ou émergence industrielle décisive ?]
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Alain Piveteau",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017516459"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Automotive industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526921623"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
},
{
"display_name": "Fordism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155922540"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Locale (computer software)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776049293"
},
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerospace engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137069946
|
In the Fordist version of industrial capitalism, automobile production forms the basis of industrial production and the wage relationship, in other words, of economic development and the transformation of modes of work. Derivatives of this centrality continue to fuel the post-Fordist debate on economic development as to the ability of the automobile industry and its national development to stimulate, in the current configuration of Global Value Chains (GVCs), the industrialization of developing economies. The literature continues to emphasize the key driver role of the automotive industry in job creation, productivity improvement, innovation and structural transformation of economic activity. Empirically, however, the debate is far from settled. The difficulty of moving from a successful entry into automotive GVCs, dominated by a small group of global automakers and suppliers, to the effective development of an automotive industry central to national economic development remains high. To be lifted, it requires public policies adjusted to the markets and to the need for accumulation of technological assets that contrast with a simple strategy of attracting and securing FDI. This is the crucial phase that Morocco seems to be entering. The sectoral analysis in this chapter seeks to understand the origins and nature of the industrial discontinuity represented by the rapid emergence of motor vehicle manufacturing and then discuss its actual and potential impact on the country's economic development. The proposed answers will take into account both external conditions, i.e. the profound transformations of the automotive sector in general, and internal conditions, which remain decisive in organizing the productive, social and territorial integration of an originally exogenous productive transformation. The central hypothesis of the discussion logically poses the problem of complementarity and synchrony between external and internal conditions. By moving away from the neo-institutionalist normativism that inexorably prescribes the conformation of the economies of the South to the presupposed rules of a global market for products, it in fact raises a more complex dimension of economic success: the role of national public policy in meeting the challenge of synchronization favourable to development. A first point (1) recalls the stages in the trajectory of the Moroccan automotive sector and the transformation of the institutional arrangements that accompanied it. The analysis of the sector's key statistics (2) then allows us to put into perspective the current weight of automobile production in the industrialization - or deindustrialization - process, while highlighting the present potential. Point (3) focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the export positioning of the Moroccan automotive industry and on the challenge of local integration. Finally, the concluding point (4) summarizes the prospects and challenges for the development of the automotive sector in Morocco.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2601811435
|
Morocco’s 2014- 2020 Industrial Strategy and its potential implications for the structural transformation process
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Karim El Mokri",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017347693"
}
] |
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777526511"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757"
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{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Product (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Human capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
},
{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
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{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Geodesy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743"
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{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2601811435
|
Morocco is now more than ever threatened by the trap of middle-income economies. On one hand, it is caught between increased competition from low-income countries in low productivity and labor-intensive sectors and, on the other hand, the difficulty of accelerating its pace of structural transformation towards activities with higher value added and higher technological content. International experience shows that few countries have managed to climb to the status of an advanced economy. The structural transformation process may be, in fact, impeded by several factors relating to market failures, a technological gap, a lack of know-how and human capital, inadequate institutional quality, etc. Overcoming these handicaps is often associated with the need to conduct an effective industrial policy, which should encourage private investment and orient it towards the most dynamic and complex sectors. The purpose of this policy brief is not in fact to assess Morocco’s new industrial policy and the feasibility of its stated objectives in terms of added value and job creation, but rather to judge the appropriateness of the choice of sectors targeted by this strategy, by highlighting the positioning of these sectors in the Product Space as well as with regard to the current cognitive and productive capacity of Morocco.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3124355270
|
Morocco’s 2014- 2020 Industrial Strategy and its potential implications for the structural transformation process
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Karim El Mokri",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017347693"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Pace",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777526511"
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{
"display_name": "Quality (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Product (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186"
},
{
"display_name": "Human capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750"
},
{
"display_name": "Value (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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{
"display_name": "History",
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"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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{
"display_name": "Geometry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
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{
"display_name": "Geodesy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3124355270
|
Morocco is now more than ever threatened by the trap of middle-income economies. On one hand, it is caught between increased competition from low-income countries in low productivity and labor-intensive sectors and, on the other hand, the difficulty of accelerating its pace of structural transformation towards activities with higher value added and higher technological content. International experience shows that few countries have managed to climb to the status of an advanced economy. The structural transformation process may be, in fact, impeded by several factors relating to market failures, a technological gap, a lack of know-how and human capital, inadequate institutional quality, etc. Overcoming these handicaps is often associated with the need to conduct an effective industrial policy, which should encourage private investment and orient it towards the most dynamic and complex sectors. The purpose of this policy brief is not in fact to assess Morocco’s new industrial policy and the feasibility of its stated objectives in terms of added value and job creation, but rather to judge the appropriateness of the choice of sectors targeted by this strategy, by highlighting the positioning of these sectors in the Product Space as well as with regard to the current cognitive and productive capacity of Morocco.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Policy notes & Policy briefs",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306522713",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2790475799
|
Public Policy, Industrial Transformation, Growth and Employment in Morocco: A Quantitative Analysis
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Pierre‐Richard Agénor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069072679"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Karim El Aynaoui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056358451"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Human capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
},
{
"display_name": "Foreign direct investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
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{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
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{
"display_name": "Wage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777388388"
},
{
"display_name": "Imitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126388530"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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[
"Morocco"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2790475799
|
This paper presents a quantitative analysis, in an OLG setting, of the links between industrial transformation, economic growth and employment, as well as the role of public policy in that context. The model accounts for imitation and innovation activities, the education system, basic and advanced public infrastructure, labour market distortions, and a bidirectional link between foreign direct investment and the quality of human capital. The steady-state solution of the model is calibrated for Morocco and a range of simulations, involving individual policies (higher investment in infrastructure, a reform of the education system, a reduction in the degree of wage indexation, a policy of promoting inward migration of skilled workers, an increase in foreign direct investment, and improvements in the business climate) as well as several integrated reform programs, are analysed.Codes JEL : H54, I25, O33, O41.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Revue d’économie du développement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306528156",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2134848821
|
Industrial R&D as a national policy: Horizontal technology policies and industry-state co-evolution in the growth of the Israeli software industry
|
[
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"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Georgia Institute of Technology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I130701444",
"lat": 33.749,
"long": -84.38798,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Dan Breznitz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057884182"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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] |
[
"Israel"
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"https://openalex.org/W4214713765",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134848821
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The Israeli software industry has been an indisputable success since the 1990s. This paper utilizes the development of the Israeli industry to empirically explore the argument of the horizontal technology policies (HTP) framework on the impact of neutral science and technology policies on industrial development. The paper micro-analyzes the Israeli software industry and compares its unique historical development pattern with other emerging countries. It describes (1) the rise of this industry as one outcome of the development of the entire IT industry in Israel; (2) the reasons behind the industry's ability to conduct and focus on intensive R&D activities; (3) the industry's success in becoming an integral part of the American financial and IT industrial sector. It argues that only by understanding the intricate co-evolution of state-industry relations and the specific HTP regime employed in Israel can we understand the current behavior, conditions, business models, and capability of the industry. Therefore, the argument is that Israel's industrial science and technology developmental agencies did not aim at creating a software industry, but rather at the development of novel products R&D-based industry. However, the software industry has been significantly influenced throughout its development by the specific system of innovation which these policies fostered. Thus, the paper argues that public policy is one of the main reasons why the industry has focused almost entirely on product R&D activities. In addition, the paper suggests that the state's science and technology industrial policy has propelled the industry into its intimate relationship with the American financial sector.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Research Policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S9731383",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2064732170
|
Barriers and Limitations in the Development of Industrial Innovation in the Region
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Amnon Frenkel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038474686"
}
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[
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Public policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109986646"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
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[
"Israel"
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"https://openalex.org/W3124317057",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064732170
|
Abstract The growing interest in public policy contributing to the expansion of industrial innovation, has become increasingly significant, resulting from the interrelationship between innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth. This article presents the results of an empirical study in identifying the most important barriers to the development of innovation, as ascribed by industrial firms belonging to the high-tech sector alongside the more traditional industries. The data were collected through field survey of industrial firms, located in the Northern region of Israel. A considerable unexpected similarity was identified in the most important factors that constitute barriers to innovation, between the industrial sectors and the different regions investigated. The most significant limitations are those that relate to the high risk involved with the engagement in innovation. The risks are related, on the one hand, to the lack of financial resources, and on the other hand, to the high cost needed for this engagement, thereby affecting the time needed for return on investment. Additionally, the lack of highly skilled workers was also found to be a significant barrier.
|
[
{
"display_name": "European Planning Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S175414165",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "Econstor (Econstor)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401696",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1966785308
|
High-Technology Industries as a Vehicle for Growth in Israel's Peripheral Regions
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Technion – Israel Institute of Technology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I174306211",
"lat": 32.81841,
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"display_name": "Daniel Shefer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064148128"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Technion – Israel Institute of Technology",
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"long": 34.9885,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Eliran Bar-El",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037906407"
}
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[
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"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
"display_name": "Technology development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988118331"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C42475967"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Manufacturing engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C117671659"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
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[
"Israel"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W1985003593",
"https://openalex.org/W2003275112",
"https://openalex.org/W2018791188",
"https://openalex.org/W2026220300",
"https://openalex.org/W2077826693",
"https://openalex.org/W2097907670",
"https://openalex.org/W2133090599",
"https://openalex.org/W2145852800"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966785308
|
This paper is a discussion of the subject of high-technology industrial development in peripheral regions. Findings from the literature are utilized to analyze critically the prospects for promoting high-technology industrial growth in Israel's peripheral regions. Alternative strategies for development are proposed. In section 2, the specific case of Israel, where the development of high-technology industries has recently been given high priority and attracting high-technology industries has been proposed as a viable strategy for promoting growth in peripheral regions, is discussed. This is presented in the context of the history of Israel's industrial development in general and of its high-technology industrial development policy in particular. In section 3, three alternative strategies for development policy are proposed, and the suitability of each to Israel is analyzed. The alternatives—the ‘Silicon Glen’ model, the specific area focus, and local-based development—all pursue strategies that sometimes contradict one another, sometimes overlap, and sometimes reinforce one another, thus generating the possibility of a fourth, and more optimal, policy strategy. In conclusion, it is not proposed that there exists a single policy strategy that could be claimed to be optimal for every peripheral region. Thus, no attempt is made to evaluate the superiority of one strategy alternative over another. This conclusion is reached after comparing the international literature to the case of Israel. It is apparent that high-technology industries are not necessarily always the best solution to the dilemmas of economic development in every region, particularly the ‘outer-ring’ border regions. A separate plan must be made for each peripheral region in light of its specific socioeconomic and locational characteristics. In drafting a regional development policy, planners must then deliberate whether or not high-technology industry is indeed likely to succeed in promoting regional economic growth.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Environment and Planning C-government and Policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S5352200",
"type": "journal"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W3122029989
|
Innovation-Based Industrial Policy in Emerging Economies? The Case of Israel's IT Industry
|
[
{
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{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Georgia Institute of Technology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I130701444",
"lat": 33.749,
"long": -84.38798,
"type": "education"
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"display_name": "Dan Breznitz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057884182"
}
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[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776728590"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122029989
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In the last decade, few countries have figured prominently as cases of late-late developers that achieved worldwide success with their Information Technology (IT) industries. This paper focuses on the Israeli case and argues that uniquely in that group, and in contradiction to the model proposed by late development theories, Israel's competitive advantage in the IT industries, is in Research and Development (R&D). The paper's main arguments are that (a) the declared aim of Israel's industrial policy has been to develop a “science-based” industrial system similar to what we see in Israel today; (b) however, these policies, focused on diffusion and not on creation of capabilities, were successful only because of the existence of an already sophisticated and extensive R&D capability in the universities – markedly different from other Newly Industrialized Countries. Looking at the present the paper concludes that the same operational model that led Israel's IT industry to success might now be undermining its future growth.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Business and Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S99707577",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2113655121
|
Labor Migration Policy and the Governance of the Construction Industry in Israel and Japan
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/I71052956",
"lat": 51.44083,
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"display_name": "David Bartram",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029387426"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113655121
|
Significant “guestworker” immigration occurs when the state lacks the capacity to inhibit rent-seeking by private interests that benefit from imported labor. Policies allowing imported labor result in government subsidies for employers’ profits. These subsidies are usefully conceived as rents. A developmentalist state(e.g. Japan) will constrain the creation of such rents, especially because imported labor carries long-term costs not borne by employers and inhibits productivity growth and positive structural change. A clientelist state (e.g. Israel) falls prey to this type of rent-seeking because of a weaker institutional capacity for creating conditions that make alternative solutions feasible and profitable for employers.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Politics & Society",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S49968029",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402621",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402365",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1999324190
|
Measuring the technological intensity of the industrial sector: A methodological and empirical approach
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Daniel Felsenstein",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999324190
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This paper contends that most definitions of what comprises a “high technology” industry are based on only one defining characteristic. It is argued that an adequate definition needs to be based on a multi-dimensional view of technology and a methodological approach is suggested for classifying industrial sectors into “technological profiles” on the basis of the various aspects of technology that they embody. Based on this methodology, an empirical study based on sub-branches of Israeli industry (at the 3 digit SIC level) is presented. Using cluster analysis and analysis of variance it is shown that the technological profiles have similar industrial, and not just technological, characteristics. The policy implications of these findings point to the need for a definition of “high technology” that caters to the policy needs and objectives for which it is being defined.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W2009149441
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Defying Convergence: Globalisation and Varieties of Defence-Industrial Capitalism
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009149441
|
Globalisation is transforming the production of armaments in ways poorly understood, yet critical to states' security. Most analysts contend that this process forces states to converge upon laissez-faire policies that systematically disadvantage smaller states. However, broader research in comparative political economy suggests that domestic institutions drive states to adapt in distinct ways independently of their size. Indeed, the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) approach argues that national institutions shape both how states develop adjustment strategies and their firms' comparative advantages. This article examines two small states – Israel and Sweden – to ascertain whether defence-industrial transformation drives them to converge upon common laissez-faire policies or, contrarily, whether distinct VoC shaped their adaptation strategies along different lines. To preview the conclusions, institutions impel states to respond to defence-industrial transformation in divergent ways. Liberal market states, such as Israel, respond by introducing greater competition for contracts and liberalising their import/export policies. In coordinated market states, such as Sweden, government cooperates with business groups to selectively open industries to foreign capital and position them to compete globally. Although they adapt differently to transformation's common challenge, these cases demonstrate that even small states can retain robust defence-industrial bases, albeit ones with increasingly distinct comparative advantages and disadvantages.
|
[
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2092619553
|
Industrial Zones and Arab Industrialization in Israel
|
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092619553
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Since the 1970s there has been increased integration of the Arab sector into the Israeli economy. This integration has been characterized by the increase in industrial entrepreneurship in the Arab settlements. Critical to the industrialization process are factors related to the availability of industrial zones and the infrastructure which supports industrial production. The main factors are: limited reserves of land for industry; lack of a land market; the structure and pattern of land ownership; entrepreneurial culture which does not encourage neither using bank loans nor the commercialization of land; the absence of allocation of industrial zones in the settlements master plans; low level of infrastructure and absence of public support for the development of industrial infrastructure; and the fact that the legislation for the encouragement of capital investments has not been applied in Arab settlements. These factors may be divided between external factors partly affected by government discriminative policy which does not support Arab industrial development, and internal factors related to the specific features of the Arab economy. Together, these factors reduce the attractiveness of the Israeli Arab periphery for the arrival of core located major industrial plants, and have a negative impact on Arab internally initiated industrial entrepreneurship.
|
[
{
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"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2003275112
|
The Role of Ownership Characteristics in the Industrial Development of Israel's Peripheral Towns
|
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003275112
|
A framework for studying the ownership structure of industry in Israel's development towns is outlined, putting special emphasis on defining factors influencing entrepreneurship among residents of these towns, and relating these factors to theories of entrepreneurship in space, and to those of entrepreneurship among immigrant groups. Factors affecting external ownership of single-plant firms and location decisions of multiplant firms are considered in light of theories of industrial organization. Firms of different types are shown to react differently to the incentives of the Israeli spatial economic policy. Thus, whereas residents of the development towns benefit little from these capital incentives, nonlocally owned single-plant firms are most attracted by them. However, externally owned small single-plant firms have been shown to suffer from the greatest instability and to form very few local linkages. Another policy failure was the inability to attract government-owned military industries to the development towns.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S87933477",
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|
https://openalex.org/W617568463
|
The Economics of Offsets: Defence Procurement and Coutertrade
|
[
{
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[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C175291020"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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[
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W617568463
|
Countertrade and offsets - an overview of the theory and evidence in search of strategy - the evolution of Canadian defence industrial and regional benefits policy offsets and French arms exports offset benefits in Greek defence procurement defence industrialization through offsets - the case of Japan the teeth of the little tigers - offsets, defence production and economic development in South Korea and Taiwan US-Swiss F-5 transaction and the evolution of Swiss offset policy the UK experience with offsets US offset policy case study - Israel.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2351381152
|
The Development of the Information Technology Industry in Israel: A Case of State-Induced Expansion of Academic R&D Capabilities Throughout the National Innovation System?
|
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2351381152
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In the last decade, three countries have figured prominently as cases of late-late developing countries that achieved worldwide success with their Information Technology (IT) industries: India, Ireland, and Israel. This paper focuses on the Israeli case and argues that unlike India and Ireland, Israel's competitive advantage in the IT industries, is in Research and Development (R&D). This competitive advantage in R&D exists in all IT industrial sectors and in life sciences and propelled the Israeli high-technology industry to success first in hardware and then in software. The main argument of this paper is that this R&D advantage, historically emanating from Israel's academic research institutional complex, is apparent throughout the Israeli system of innovation and in all stages of technological research. More importantly, the paper contends that since in the late 1960s, the declared aim of Israel's industrial policy has been to develop exactly such a system, and to diffuse these capabilities throughout the industrial sector. Hence, the Israeli innovation system, while not directly built by these state efforts, was
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1515180819
|
Barriers and Limitations in the Development of Industrial Innovation in the Region
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1515180819
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The growing interest in public policy contributing to the expansion of industrial innovation has become increasingly significant, resulting from the interrelationship between innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth. Thus, the identification of barriers and limitations hindering the success of innovation will define the principles on which efficient and successful public policy must be based. This paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying the most significant barriers to the development of innovation, as ascribed by industrial firms belonging to the hi-tech sector, alongside more traditional industries. The data was collected through a field survey of industrial firms located in the Northern region of Israel, covering two different sub-regions: the metropolitan core and the periphery. The study also investigated the differences between the industrial sectors (hi-tech vs. traditional and type of region (metropolitan vs. periphery) with regard to the importance ascribed to the various barriers. A considerable similarity was identified between the industrial sectors and the different regions investigated, with regard to the most significant factors acting as barriers that slow down or all together stop innovative projects. These findings could facilitate in the design of a comprehensive policy in order to minimize the negative impact of such barriers on the expansion of industrial innovation.
|
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https://openalex.org/W3125994544
|
Industrial R&D as a National Policy: Horizontal Technology Policies and Industry-State Co-Evolution in the Growth of the Israeli Software Industry
|
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"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125994544
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The Israeli software industry has been an indisputable success since the 1990s. This paper utilizes the development of the Israeli industry to empirically explore the argument of the horizontal technology policies (HTP) framework on the impact of neutral science and technology policies on industrial development. The paper micro-analyzes the Israeli software industry and compares its unique historical development pattern with other emerging countries. It describes (1) the rise of this industry as one outcome of the development of the entire IT industry in Israel; (2) the reasons behind the industry's ability to conduct and focus on intensive RD and (3) the industry's success in becoming an integral part of the American financial and IT industrial sector. It argues that only by understanding the intricate co-evolution of state-industry relations and the specific HTP regime employed in Israel can we understand the current behavior, conditions, business models, and capability of the industry. Therefore, the argument is that Israel's industrial science and technology developmental agencies did not aim at creating a software industry, but rather at the development of novel products R&D-based industry. However, the software industry has been significantly influenced throughout its development by the specific system of innovation which these policies fostered. Thus, the paper argues that public policy is one of the main reasons why the industry has focused almost entirely on product R&D activities. In addition, the paper suggests that the state's science and technology industrial policy has propelled the industry into its intimate relationship with the American financial sector.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W2360466069
|
On Israeli Industrialization
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2360466069
|
The State of Israel,though small in territory and poor in natural resources,has made remarkable achievements in economy since its founding in 1948. There are three main types of industrial ownership in Israel, including government - owned sector, Histadrut (the General Federation for Labor) sector and private sector. The government and Histadrut each accounts for about 20-25 % of industry,and the private sector for 50%. Israeli industrial policy has underwent the significant transfer - from import - instituting industrialization to export-oriented development strategy. The successful experiences are highly valuing the high-oriented development, the practical adjustments in economic policies and industrial growing promoted by export trade.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Shanxi Teachers University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764449225",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3148637330
|
Policies For The Location Of Industrial Districts In Italy And
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Giuseppe Pace",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051452081"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Decentralization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136810230"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3148637330
|
Recent global trends have affected significantly territorial and economic policies, especially in advanced-economy democracies, weakening frequently their national sovereignty. This paper, through published data, documentary sources, and interviews, offers a comparative perspective of industrial localisation’s policies in Israel and Italy, focusing on the dualism national decision-making/local practice. Although they have two different political structures, both countries have shifted to greater decentralisation, increased deregulation, and more privatisation. Since the beginning of the State, Israel industrial localisation policy used tools as national and regional planning and fiscal incentives, with the objective of the industrial dispersal. But last years’ profound economic, political, and social changes have led to a transformation of Israeli industrial geography, shifting changes in the government policies, and reinforcing the local-government assertiveness. Developing industrial parks has become a top priority even for rural regional council, with the risk of over-investment in too many industrial parks of too small a size. Similarly, since post-war years Italy concentrated on regenerating the economic periphery, the southern regions, through the “Cassa per il Mezzogiorno”, helping finance and developing irrigation, agriculture and industrial development in the most disadvantaged areas with a policy of investments in infrastructures and financial supports to the localisation of large firms. The change of industrial models, now based on more flexible structures, has brought, almost spontaneously, the “Third Italy” phenomenon, a proliferation of ‘local production systems’ (LPS) where SMEs represent an high share of total employment. Based on an endogenous development model, the success of LPS is not guaranteed unless change and innovation take place among local SMEs and institutions and between the local production system and the external environment, competing areas and other spatial system. For both countries is necessary a comprehensive, strategic and flexible planning and a stable, efficient and no-bureaucratic decision-making process, at an intermediate scale between regional and local.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Urban/Regional",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306533965",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2196751508
|
POLICIES FOR THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS IN ITALY AND
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Giuseppe Pace",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051452081"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
},
{
"display_name": "Decentralization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136810230"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2196751508
|
Recent global trends have affected significantly territorial and economic policies, especially in advanced-economy democracies, weakening frequently their national sovereignty. This paper, through published data, documentary sources, and interviews, offers a comparative perspective of industrial localisation’s policies in Israel and Italy, focusing on the dualism national decision-making/local practice. Although they have two different political structures, both countries have shifted to greater decentralisation, increased deregulation, and more privatisation. Since the beginning of the State, Israel industrial localisation policy used tools as national and regional planning and fiscal incentives, with the objective of the industrial dispersal. But last years’ profound economic, political, and social changes have led to a transformation of Israeli industrial geography, shifting changes in the government policies, and reinforcing the local-government assertiveness. Developing industrial parks has become a top priority even for rural regional council, with the risk of over-investment in too many industrial parks of too small a size. Similarly, since post-war years Italy concentrated on regenerating the economic periphery, the southern regions, through the “Cassa per il Mezzogiorno”, helping finance and developing irrigation, agriculture and industrial development in the most disadvantaged areas with a policy of investments in infrastructures and financial supports to the localisation of large firms. The change of industrial models, now based on more flexible structures, has brought, almost spontaneously, the “Third Italy” phenomenon, a proliferation of ‘local production systems’ (LPS) where SMEs represent an high share of total employment. Based on an endogenous development model, the success of LPS is not guaranteed unless change and innovation take place among local SMEs and institutions and between the local production system and the external environment, competing areas and other spatial system. For both countries is necessary a comprehensive, strategic and flexible planning and a stable, efficient and no-bureaucratic decision-making process, at an intermediate scale between regional and local.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W645998637
|
Globalization of Malaysian economy: with special focus on the role of growth enclaves
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Japan",
"display_name": "Nanzan University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I119031078",
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"display_name": "Khondaker Mizanur Rahman",
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"display_name": "Rafiuddin Ahmed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059146129"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C158016649"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C53844881"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71750763"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C87980944"
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{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
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{
"display_name": "World economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777098093"
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{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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[
"Israel"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W1500424661",
"https://openalex.org/W1569632902",
"https://openalex.org/W1988936336",
"https://openalex.org/W1991294983",
"https://openalex.org/W2053051662",
"https://openalex.org/W2062416519",
"https://openalex.org/W2071249181",
"https://openalex.org/W2157142155",
"https://openalex.org/W2727874711",
"https://openalex.org/W2810816287",
"https://openalex.org/W2917032951",
"https://openalex.org/W3123617927",
"https://openalex.org/W3138377669"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W645998637
|
Purpose: This paper examines the process of the globalization of Malaysia, a country that has developed over four decades to become one of the top three globalized nations of Asia, after Singapore and Israel. Initially, its enormous primary resources supplied it with a comparative advantage. It pursued an export-oriented economic policy that attracted multinational company (MNC) foreign direct investment (FDI), and modern technology. Subsequently, industrial products from Malaysia made inroads into world markets.
Methodology: This was followed by the establishment of growth enclaves throughout the country and the offer of generous incentives to investors, particularly to MNCs. A further source of FDI was the various bilateral and multilateral investment agreements made with major investing countries. Similar agreements on trade and tariffs helped Malaysia to expand in industrial and primary product markets all over the world. All these efforts at industrial and economic development received further impetus from Malaysia's increasing interests in joining regional, continental, and multinational trade, security, and economic blocs and forums.
Findings: Malaysia entered into Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) with a number of countries, which has further strengthened its trade and investment globalization. Underlying these agreements and partnerships has been a proliferation of economic development and modernization programs, plans, policies, and strategies from all Malaysia's national and state administrative agencies and authorities. With a view to achieving a balanced and sustained national development, it formulated plans for all sectors of the economy that complemented a broad national development plan.
Recommendations: The national Vision 2020 is for an all-encompassing development ranging from the social and ethnic to law and order issues, education, science and technology, industrialization, tele-communication, digitalization, and many other known and perceivable dimensions of development and modernization.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764624118",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2014952400
|
Turkish Middle Income Trap and Less Skilled Human Capital
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Gökhan Yılmaz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003579132"
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"display_name": "Middle income trap",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777185184"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C121099081"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750"
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{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "Meteorology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291"
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{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014952400
|
This paper reviews the literature on the Middle Income Trap and compares Turkey to the rest of the trapped and non-trapped (non-middle income trapped) countries. We analyze country experiences by focusing on the role of well-designed and high quality education system to avoid the trap. When we compare Turkey’s human capital to human capital in non-trapped countries, we observe that Turkish education system will be critical to break out the trap. An education system that is consistent with development path of the economy could yield both “skilled and high capability human capital” and “innovative and competitive productive capacity” to overcome the trap. Our qualitative analysis also demonstrates that Turkey has not been benefitting from de-agriculturalization sufficiently. Surplus labor coming from agriculture is not being employed in the knowledge intensive manufacturing activities. Moreover, the speed of de-agriculturalization is slow, hence Turkey can’t fully exploit unrepeatable gains of structural transformation. Transferring these agriculture workers into high productivity tradable activities can yield significant labor productivity and per capita income gains.
|
[
{
"display_name": "İktisat işletme ve finans",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210188699",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4281706864
|
Testing the middle income trap for upper middle income countries by fourier cointegration
|
[
{
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{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Fırat University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I143396566",
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"display_name": "Merve Nur Çak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028472068"
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[
{
"display_name": "Cointegration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145162277"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777185184"
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"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Gross domestic product",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114350782"
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{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
},
{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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[
"Turkey",
"Iran"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281706864
|
The middle income trap is defined as the inability to rise to a higher income group after the gross domestic product value reaches the middle income level and is stuck in a certain income range. Based on this point, the data used in the study covers the period 1960-2019. The middle income trap hypothesis was tested for upper middle income country groups in 2019 and has been included in the 22 countries included in the study. The per capita Gross Domestic Product data for the mentioned countries and the reference country were obtained from the World Bank database. In the study, in order to perform the Banerjee Arcabic Lee (2017) Fourier ADL cointegration test, the variables used in the analysis should be first-order I (1) stationary. For this reason, before the cointegration test, Ng-Perron Test (2001), Enders and Lee (2012) Fourier Function Stationarity Test, Christopoulos and Leon Ledesma (2010) Fourier CSR Stability tests were performed to determine the stationarity levels of variables. And then the Banerjee Arcabic Lee (2017) Fourier ADL cointegration test was applied to the above mentioned 16 countries. According to the results of Fourier ADL Cointegration, the null hypothesis, which asserts that there is no cointegration for Botswana, Brazil, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Fiji, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran, Jamaica, Malaysia, Peru, South Africa, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, including Turkey cannot be rejected within 5% significance level. Therefore, empirical evidence has been obtained that these countries are in the middle income trap.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Life Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737670188",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W266266479
|
Jordan and the Middle-Income Growth Trap: “Arab Springs” and Institutional Changes
|
[
{
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{
"country": "France",
"display_name": "EconomiX",
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"type": "facility"
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"display_name": "Bénédicte Coestier",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087777946"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C121099081"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291"
},
{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
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[
"Jordan"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W266266479
|
Although Jordan reached middle-income status more than three decades ago, the country has not made the additional leap, like most developing countries in the Middle East, to become a high-income economy. In this paper, we argue that institutions, namely formal rules (constitution, judiciary, political system) as well as “personality-based” informal rules (tribalism, wasta) might explain the middle-income growth trap. More precisely, we highlight that informal institutions, as well as the distorted use of formal institutions, are a by-product of the process of state formation. They play a part in the preservation of personal/anonymous relationships between the state and society and in the persistence of the rentier system. Jordanian Spring events reveal that a demand for reforming the power structure prevails over the overthrow of the Monarchy. Finally, to assess the undergoing transition process in Jordan, we resort to the social orders conceptual framework (North et al. (2009, 2012)) with an emphasis on impersonality (Wallis (2011)). The “Arab Springs” events have put pressure on the power structure to advance the rule of law (impersonal relationships among elites), and on the Monarchy in Jordan to create a “perpetual” state.
|
[
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"type": "repository"
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{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W828789198
|
MOROCCO: Growth strategy for 2025 in an evolving international environment
|
[
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"display_name": "Pierre‐Richard Agénor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069072679"
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{
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"display_name": "Karim El Aynaoui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056358451"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Morocco"
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"https://openalex.org/W3124349792",
"https://openalex.org/W3124879925",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W828789198
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The Moroccan economy is currently facing the risk of becoming caught between the rapid-growing low-income countries with abundant and cheap labor, and middle-income countries that are able to innovate quickly. In addition, China’s massive investments in Sub-Saharan Africa have accelerated the participation of some countries in the region in a new international division of labor, especially in low-skill-intensive light manufacturing. In parallel, through the structure of its trade and financial relations with Europe, Morocco remains bound to a region that is facing structural difficulties and whose growth prospects remain unfavorable. At the same time, the Maghreb region has not been a source of expansion, and therefore has not become a new driving force for growth, despite Morocco’s expectations and wishes. These dynamics could lead to a «moderate growth trap,» characterized by job creation that is insufficient to absorb the expansion of the workforce, which will remain strong in Morocco for the coming years. The evolving international environment imposes a rethinking and reformulation of the growth strategy in order for Morocco to better position itself in the global value chains and prepare to compete in international markets for goods and services with high-skill-intensive labor and more sophisticated technological inputs. It is also essential in the short and medium term to recover competitive margins in low-skill-intensive activities, to continue reforming the macroeconomic management framework, and to strengthen ties with dynamic Sub-Saharan countries.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3123652155
|
MOROCCO : Growth strategy for 2025 in an evolving international environment
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Pierre‐Richard Agénor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069072679"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Karim El Aynaoui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056358451"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C994546"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777185184"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123652155
|
The Moroccan economy is currently facing the risk of becoming caught between the rapid-growing low-income countries with abundant and cheap labor, and middle-income countries that are able to innovate quickly. In addition, China’s massive investments in Sub-Saharan Africa have accelerated the participation of some countries in the region in a new international division of labor, especially in low-skill-intensive light manufacturing. In parallel, through the structure of its trade and financial relations with Europe, Morocco remains bound to a region that is facing structural difficulties and whose growth prospects remain unfavorable. At the same time, the Maghreb region has not been a source of expansion, and therefore has not become a new driving force for growth, despite Morocco’s expectations and wishes. These dynamics could lead to a «moderate growth trap,» characterized by job creation that is insufficient to absorb the expansion of the workforce, which will remain strong in Morocco for the coming years. The evolving international environment imposes a rethinking and reformulation of the growth strategy in order for Morocco to better position itself in the global value chains and prepare to compete in international markets for goods and services with high-skill-intensive labor and more sophisticated technological inputs. It is also essential in the short and medium term to recover competitive margins in low-skill-intensive activities, to continue reforming the macroeconomic management framework, and to strengthen ties with dynamic Sub-Saharan countries.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1490050669
|
Low Level of Innovativeness and the Middle Income Trap Polish Case Study
|
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
}
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[
"Israel"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1490050669
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The aim of this paper was to verify whether Poland managed to avoid or still might fall into the middle income trap. The paper provides a literature overview concerning the middle income trap. Though there are diverging interpretations of the notion of middle income trap, common conclusions of economists emphasize the importance of innovation-based transformation of economies as a way of avoiding the trap. Further, the paper overviews literature concerning public policies which support this much-needed transformation. We conclude that countries such as Finland, Israel or the USA implemented well-designed top-down economic strategies, which promoted the development of innovations and established effective implementation agencies. Exceptions from this model are some resource rich countries, which managed to avoid the middle income trap without the implementation of such policies, but these countries face in most cases the danger of falling into another trap, called ‘the Dutch disease’. In a subsequent part of the article, we attempt to apply the middle income trap concept to Poland and conclude that it is not possible to clearly state whether Poland avoided the trap or not. This is followed up by a literature-based review of the most common obstacles to innovativeness in Poland. The current growth engines might not be sufficient to ensure economic growth fast enough to speed up the catching up with the most developed countries.
|
[
{
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"type": "repository"
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{
"display_name": "CeON Repository (Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science)",
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"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W131757148
|
Second generation structural reforms: De-regulation and competition in infrastructure industries; the evolution of the Turkish telecommunications, energy and transport sectors in light of EU harmonisation. CEPS Special Reports, November 2007
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Sinan Ülgen",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046703411"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "İzak Atiyas",
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{
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"display_name": "Jorge Núñez Ferrer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030267788"
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{
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"display_name": "Selen Sarisoy Guerin",
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{
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"display_name": "Andrea Renda",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005911663"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mahmut Tekçe",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084879008"
}
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[
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
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{
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[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W131757148
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This study is an output of the research project: “The EU harmonization in Key Infrastructure Services (Telecommunications, Energy and Transport) and productivity growth” carried out by EDAM (Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies) in Istanbul and CEPS (Centre for European Policy Studies) in Brussels. It was made possible by the financial support of the European Union’s Civil Society Dialogue: Europa – Bridges of Knowledge Programme. Given that Turkey has by and large been able to overcome the challenge of macro-economic stability, the focus of policy makers shifted to second generation reforms including the overhaul of structural policies. Yet at the same time, Turkey has initiated full membership negotiations with the EU which involve regulatory harmonisation in several fields. Therefore the relationship between EU harmonisation and the need for second generation reforms in a country like Turkey should be examined in more detail. The objective of this study is essentially twofold. It aims to carry out a gap analysis regarding the level of regulatory harmonisation in three key infrastructure sectors. As a result, the main shortcomings in terms of regulatory harmonisation are highlighted. The focus is however on the part of the acquis that has a bearing on economic productivity since the second aim of the study is to uncover the linkages between EU acquis adoption, regulatory good governance and productivity growth.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2019898245
|
Decisions, Provisions and Disillusionment for Non-vocational Adult Learning (NVAL) Staff in South-Eastern Europe: a comparative appraisal of some policy developments with diminishing returns
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Greece",
"display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196",
"lat": 40.64361,
"long": 22.93086,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "George K. Zarifis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058621428"
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"display_name": "Lifelong learning",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C668760"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Lisbon Strategy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778896325"
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{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
"display_name": "Multitude",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780565519"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"display_name": "Social partners",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780224108"
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"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134"
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{
"display_name": "Public administration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1976715168",
"https://openalex.org/W2018175536"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019898245
|
Since 2000, the European Union has given greater attention to lifelong learning, as expressed in the Lisbon presidency conclusions and the general objectives of the Education and Training 2010 work programme. In September 2007, these policy proposals were further strengthened with the announcement of the ‘Action Plan on Adult Learning’ that sets out how Member States and other stakeholders could be supported to improve, implement and develop adult education and monitor its results. Because of the multitude of policy expectations, training and professional development for adult learning staff are still relatively uncommon in some parts of Europe, despite a societal demand, which also should be interpreted in the context of changing societal conditions and needs besides raising the quality of lifelong learning. This is largely echoed in South-East Europe where the situation of the training of adult learning staff is more on the downside than most policy-makers would have expected. In most South-East European countries, adult learning is expected to provide individual, cultural, and social improvement, to address illiteracy or earlier unsatisfactory access to initial education, and mostly to respond to labour market access problems. At the same time, adult learning staff have to face obstacles such as dependency on government or EU funding, changing political perspectives on and interest in adult education, policies prescribing an enclosed employment-oriented adult education market and occasionally a lack of national legislation or frameworks and structures covering their field. Along with these general findings, this article focuses on the comparison of current policies on training and professional development of adult learning staff in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece and Turkey, according to three vital topics: • Selection procedure and working conditions of adult learning staff (focusing on recruitment, professional expectations and employment situation). • Opportunities and obstacles for their professional development and evaluation (focusing on career paths and monitoring, assessing and evaluating issues). • Societal situation for the profession (focusing on attractiveness and social impact).
|
[
{
"display_name": "European Journal of Education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S71191459",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2782489209
|
THE IMPORTANCE OF LIFELONG LEARNING FOR TURKEY AND EU RELATIONSHIP IN THE GLOBAL AND CHANGING WORLD
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sahire Dogru",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063084945"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Lifelong learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108771440"
},
{
"display_name": "Employability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15302153"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Lisbon Strategy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778896325"
},
{
"display_name": "Adaptability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177606310"
},
{
"display_name": "Adaptation (eye)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139807058"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Citizenship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780781376"
},
{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134"
},
{
"display_name": "Social exclusion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134659438"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569"
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{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Neuroscience",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2782489209
|
The relationships between Turkey and European Union has a longer process of crucial discussion to become a member of European Union for Turkey over two decades. There is not enough and satisfied improvement of progress during years. However, Turkey’s hope to entering the EU has not been ended with help of globalizing networks of communication tools, social media, technologic improvements that helps lifelong learning. Turkey needs a lots projects for the EU Acquis throughout the adaptation process to represent Turkey’s performance. Also, social awareness and adaptation is required by Turkish citizenship towards full membership of EU. Lifelong learning, technology and social media has substantial contribution to develop projects concerned with the public and civil society for introducing EU to more masses in Turkey, increasing efficiency of project and allowing better understanding and awareness of EU progress and objectives.This paper emphasizes that the importance of lifelong learning programs, projects and initiatives for Turkey to attend the EU. Because lifelong learning provide achievement in field like personal fulfillment, active citizenship, social inclusion, employability and adaptability.
|
[
{
"display_name": "The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387278848",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4249416948
|
Fahad al-Asker
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Graeme Martin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079208561"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Poetry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164913051"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Pilgrimage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779448473"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
}
] |
[
"Kuwait",
"Saudi Arabia",
"Egypt",
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4249416948
|
Fahad bin Saleh bin Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Ali al-Asker was born in the small town of Kuwait between 1913 and 1917. Attending the first modern school in Kuwait, Mubarakiyya, he was drawn to traditional Arabic literature. In late childhood he became renowned for reciting and writing poetry, learning much from the literary magazines and periodicals in the Ibn Ruwaih Library, the first such book collection opened in Kuwait. Fahad al-Asker became a renowned poet after winning a BBC poetry contest in 1944; he won multiple poetry awards and traveled the region reciting his most famous works to different kings and princes of the Arabian Peninsula, including the King of Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Abdul Aziz al Saud. Al-Asker is known for his existentialist poems, pain and romance, and his stance against conservativism and traditional Kuwaiti society, which was divided by the perception of deeply anchored religious, familial, socioeconomic, and tribal identities. Al-Asker’s poetry has three intertwining threads: wine, woman, and complaint. His advocation of independent, free thought has often been used as a signal for resistance or rebellion against the status quo through “self-emancipation” and a willingness to pay any price. Al-Asker, along with other poets of this era, was heavily influenced by the neo-romanticist movement in Egypt and Iraq. These influences made for a distinct style of poetry that engaged with and was critical of contemporary events, experimented with symbolism, and had a more simplified metric than the earlier work of classical Kuwaiti poets such as Abdullah Farah and Abdallah al-Adsani, which were more complex and stuck to limited themes. Unfortunately, al-Asker’s last days were blighted by problems, as he became blind and was disowned from his family for calling for a more open and tolerant society in Kuwait, his friendship with the British consular, his erotic poems, and his drinking habits. He died 15 August 1951 of tuberculosis and was buried in a nondescript grave. After his death, his family burned most of his written poems. Only a few dozen poems have survived, although pieces of his work, including a biography written by Abdullah al-Ansari in 1956, have inspired a wide variety of lyrical prose in Kuwaiti songs and indirect references from later poets and authors. Al-Asker remains unique and set apart from more traditional or patriotic poets for his willingness to pay any price, regardless of consequences, to share his thoughts and words. Al-Asker is considered to be one of the pioneers of the Kuwaiti poetry movement, and he also holds an important place in the development of education in Kuwait. Before al-Asker and his friends began writing and reciting poetry, there were no literary groups, journals, clubs, or libraries. By the 1930s, all of these developments had occurred and set the stage for later poets, such as Ahmad al-Adwani, who characterized the awakening of Arab nationalism. While the reach of al-Asker’s work has only briefly touched wider academic circles, the poet has influenced a range of poets and literary figures in Kuwait’s past and present, including Ahmad al-Adsani and more recently Mona Kareem. Al-Asker’s poems, which focus broadly on feeling alone or lacking belongingness, which in turn causes great suffering, have also become politicized, most notably by stateless people (bedoon) in Kuwait.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W226829687
|
The Emancipation of Airpower
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Robert Jacek Tomczak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031101698"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
}
] |
[
"Kuwait",
"Iraq"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1539865654",
"https://openalex.org/W1567260533",
"https://openalex.org/W2009770111",
"https://openalex.org/W2933634313"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W226829687
|
Abstract : On 17 January 1991, air forces led by the United States banded together to extract the army of Iraq from the Emirate of Kuwait. This air campaign would be the decisive element of the Persian Gulf War and would be the most significant campaign in the history of airpower. The title of this paper is taken from a chapter in Major Alexander De Seversky's book on the use of airpower; Victory through Airpower, published in 1942. This paper analyzes early theories on the use of airpower; how airpower was misused; and how airpower evolved since World War II. For the first ninety years of powered flight, the promises and expectations for the employment of airpower as a military weapon exceeded its capabilities. Analysis is conducted as to what made the Persian Gulf Air Campaign different from the previous uses of airpower. Observations are made that airpower was at last employed as early air power theorists promised.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2494123631
|
End of Empire: Islam, Nationalism and Women in Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Deniz Kandiyoti",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017527362"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Nationalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C521449643"
},
{
"display_name": "Ottoman empire",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993946455"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Islam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "The Republic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C152212766"
},
{
"display_name": "Dismemberment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909821917"
},
{
"display_name": "Empire",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778495208"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish republic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992216677"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W37096553",
"https://openalex.org/W622265585",
"https://openalex.org/W2030912627"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2494123631
|
It is commonly conceded that among Muslim nations Turkey distinguishes herself by comprehensive, and as yet unparalleled, reforms with respect to the emancipation of women. These reforms, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, were part of a spate of legislation which amounted to a radical break with Ottoman Islam and its institutions. World War I had resulted in the dismemberment of the defeated empire and the occupation of the Anatolian provinces by the Allied powers. The active hostility of the last Ottoman Sultan-Caliph to Kemal’s nationalist struggle in Anatolia, and his collaboration with the Allies, culminated in the abolition of the Sultanate by the Ankara government in 1922. The Turkish Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923. A few days earlier, on 24 October, the Istanbul head of police had taken an administrative decision desegregating public transport, so that men and women would no longer be separated by curtains or special compartments. Thereafter, a systematic onslaught on Ottoman institutions took place.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463716",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W3125119633
|
Islamic Rule and the Emancipation of the Poor and Pious
|
[
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{
"country": "Sweden",
"display_name": "Stockholm School of Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I180242103",
"lat": 59.32938,
"long": 18.06871,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Erik Meyersson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032900817"
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"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Murat İyigün",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Asim Khwaja",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026694522"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Gülay Özcan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016259746"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Alp Şimşek",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001458113"
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[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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[
"Turkey"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125119633
|
Does Islamic political control affect women’s empowerment? Several countries have recently experienced Islamic parties coming to power through democratic elections. Due to strong support among religious conservatives, constituencies with Islamic rule often tend to exhibit poor women’s rights. Whether this relationship reflects a causal or a spurious one has so far gone unexplored. I provide the first piece of evidence using a new and unique dataset of Turkish municipalities. In 1994, an Islamic party won multiple municipal mayor seats across the country. Using a regression discontinuity (RD) design, I compare municipalities where this Islamic party barely won or lost elections. Despite negative raw correlations, the RD results reveal that over a period of six years, Islamic rule increased female secular high school education. Corresponding effects for men are systematically smaller and less precise. In the longer run, the effect on female education remained persistent up to 17 years after and also reduced adolescent marriages. An analysis of long-run political effects of Islamic rule shows increased female political participation and an overall decrease in Islamic political preferences. The results are consistent with an explanation that emphasizes the Islamic party’s effectiveness in overcoming barriers to female entry for the poor and pious. ∗Address: Stockholm Institute for Transition Economics (SITE), Stockholm School of Economics, P.O. Box 6501, SE-113 83 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: [email protected]. Website: www.erikmeyersson.com. I am particularly indebted to my advisers Torsten Persson and David Stromberg for their support. In addition, I am grateful to Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, Yesim Arat, Sascha Becker, Olle Folke, Guido Imbens, Murat Iyigun, Asim Khwaja, Gulay Ozcan, Alp Simsek, Insan Tunali, several anonymous referees; conference and seminar participants at CEPR, Duke, Georgetown, Harvard, IIES, Koc, LSE, MIT, NBER, Sciences-Po, UC-Berkeley, UPF, and Warwick for useful comments. The author has benefited much from discussions with several Turkish academics, former government employees, politicians, and teachers who have asked to remain anonymous. The assistance of the Turkish Statistical Institute and the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul is gratefully acknowledged. All remaining errors are mine. The views, analysis, and conclusions in this paper are solely the responsibility of the author.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2105493958
|
Women's Condition in Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Poland",
"display_name": "University of Warsaw",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4654613",
"lat": 52.22977,
"long": 21.01178,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Beata Buc",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042040143"
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[
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Middle East",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3651065"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1996365347",
"https://openalex.org/W2001106087",
"https://openalex.org/W2055092569"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105493958
|
Turkey, which is in the process of the membership talks with European Union, is a different country than ten or even five years before. It’s commonly known that among Muslim nations, Turkey distinguishes herself by comprehensive reforms with respect to the emancipation of women. But the women’s life in Turkey still differs from the western women’s live. This is particularly so for those Turkish women who live in the provinces located in the South East, East and Central Anatolia.
|
[
{
"display_name": "TOPLUM VE DEMOKRASİ DERGİSİ",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306533055",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2597100361
|
George Canning, Russia and the emancipation of Greece
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "В. Н. Виноградов",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072824803"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Negotiation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199776023"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "George (robot)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67101536"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Resistance (ecology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57473165"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2597100361
|
The article contains a critical analysis of the position of both the Russian and British diplomacies on the emancipation of Greece in the years 1822-1827. The study of Russian diplomatic documents leads to the conclusion that by 1825 Petersburg became convinced that only by means of a Russo-Turkish war the Porte could be induced to recognise the emancipation of Greece. Many efforts have been made to overcome the resistance of Great Britain to this issue. The article deals with different aspects of the Russo-British negotiations concerning the fate of Greece.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Balkan studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764982570",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2310669037
|
Η πανελλήνιος οργάνωση: Η "άγνωστη" φάση του Ελληνικού επαναστατικού αγώνα στην ευρωπαϊκή Τουρκία, 1908-1909
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Χριστόφορος Ψηλός",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076256262"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Christian ministry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C521751864"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780799905"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Period (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2310669037
|
Hellenic underground revolutionary activity in European Turkey, after thesuccessful Young Turk coup in Macedonia in July 1908, has not become theobject of any systematic historical research so far, with the notableexception of Professor Gounaris’ study (1984). The present article shallattempt to fill in that void. Outlining the organizational structure, functionand activity of the Πανελλήνιος ’Οργάνωση (Panhellenic Organization,Π.Ο.), the basic Greek revolutionary apparatus which had been active fromsummer 1908 to autumn 1909 in Turkey-in-Europe, has been neither thechief nor the sole intent of the article. The main purpose of this study is tofocus and elaborate on colonel Danglis’ (head of the Π.Ο.) operational planfor the solidification, development and advancement of the Organization.Colonel Danglis had embraced the belief that the implementation of theΠ.Ο. program depended upon its integration into Greek state machinery,and particularly the Foreign Office. The military leader of the Π.Ο. arguedthat the Π.Ο. should initially built an effective revolutionary network inOttoman territory. After a reasonable period of time the Π.Ο. could evolveinto a powerful tool that would undertake to promote the economicinterests and political emancipation of the Greek populations living underOttoman rule.This study was based on manuscript archival sources, drawn mainly fromthe Historical Archive of the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, andselected secondary sources.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Δελτίο Κέντρου Μικρασιατικών Σπουδών",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202930",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4389738244
|
Millî Mücadele’de Siyasi Teşkilatlanmanın Sivil Toplum Veçhesi: Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuk-ı Milliye Cemiyeti’nin (Trabzon Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti) Toplumsal Tabanı
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ülkü Köksal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5093492504"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Gentry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779981229"
},
{
"display_name": "Aristocracy (class)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10314817"
},
{
"display_name": "Peasant",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779220025"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Bureaucracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C51575053"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Caliphate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779595473"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389738244
|
Trabzon, which has been an important center for commercial activities throughout history, maintained this feature during the Ottoman Empire. As the state evolved into a bureaucratic structure and society modernized after the Tanzimat, the Muslim and non-Muslim gentry in Trabzon also took their place within this new structure. In terms of their roots, the Muslim-Turkish gentry mostly belonged to the ayan families, known as aghas in the region. The families of ayan origin, whose influence is still felt today, and other social groups within the Muslim-Turkish groups, who had gained economic power in various ways, formed a rising merchant class over time. While the extent to which this group competed with the non-Muslim or local bourgeoisie is beyond the scope of this study, the aforementioned caste made itself felt in the city from commerce to bureaucracy, from political activities to social and cultural life, and reached a level to lead the society, especially after the Second Constitutional Period. In this process, the notables of Trabzon, who were basically divided into two groups as supporters of the Committee of Union and Progress and the Freedom and Union Party, continued to be the pioneers of the Muslim groups upon their return after the end of the Russian occupation. After the signing of the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918, the people of Trabzon, who were struggling to heal the wounds of the years of occupation and emigration between 1916 and 1918, took action to form a national defense organization to fight against the possibility of re-invasion of their region and the danger of breaking away from the Ottoman Empire. This organization was led by Trabzon’s Muslim-Turkish bourgeoisie. The organizational efforts initiated by this group from the end of 1918, leaving aside the political strife, gained momentum due to the internal and external separatist activities carried out at the Paris Peace Conference for the establishment of a Pontus State and an Armenian State in the region, and culminated in the establishment of the Trabzon Society for the Protection of Law of Nationality (Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuk-ı Millîye Cemiyeti) in February 1919. The oppositional approach of the society, which led to the convening of the Erzurum Congress, reached a different dimension as of the beginning of 1922 with the accusations of Unionism and irregularities against the society. Between 1919 and 1923, the administrative level of Trabzon Society for the Protection of Law of Nationality (Trabzon Mudafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti) underwent remarkable changes within the framework of the existing political conditions. When we look at the characteristics of the founding or executive members of the Society between 1919 and 1923, it is seen that they belonged to the well-established families of the ayan, dynasty and notables of Trabzon; some of these members, some of whom were Unionists and some of whom were The Entente Liberale, were in a broad spectrum such as former MPs, civil administrators, jurists, intellectuals, clergymen and educators, especially the merchant segment. With these characteristics, the members of the administration, who were in a pioneering position in addressing the society, maintained this status both during the National Struggle and after the Proclamation of the Republic. In the following years, they showed themselves as pioneering figures who shaped the political and social-cultural life of Trabzon.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4321486182
|
Antisemitism in Context: Three Recent Volumes
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Shulamit Volkov",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024112213"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Antisemitism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78359825"
},
{
"display_name": "Jewish question",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778681481"
},
{
"display_name": "Nationalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C521449643"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Anti-Zionism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108812129"
},
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Orientalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C510816226"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Liberalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C547727832"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Jewish studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74481535"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321486182
|
Abstract This chapter reviews three collections of essays on the history of antisemitism. The 19 essays in Antisemitism: Historical Concept, Public Discourse (2020) were written as responses to David Engel’s article of 2009, “Away from a Definition of Antisemitism: An Essay in the Semantics of Historical Description.” In it, Engel recapitulates his lingering frustration with the unclear nature of the term “antisemitism.” Meanwhile, the 17 essays in Jews, Liberalism, Antisemitism: A Global History (2021) deal with the complex links among Jews, antisemites, and liberals, not only in Italy, Spain, and Vienna, but also in the United States, Turkey, the Middle East, and even the Caribbean. In Key Concepts in the Study of Antisemitism (2021)—an alphabetical compendium beginning with anti-Judaism and ending with Zionism—the essays discuss emancipation, the Catholic church, nationalism, gender, orientalism, and postcolonialism.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W4205709325
|
Bibliography
|
[] |
[
{
"display_name": "Intelligentsia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776129495"
},
{
"display_name": "Marxist philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133437341"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Jewish question",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778681481"
},
{
"display_name": "German",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154775046"
},
{
"display_name": "Zionism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58041660"
},
{
"display_name": "Modernity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778682666"
},
{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
},
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Classics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205709325
|
In The Jewish Question: History of a Marxist Debate, Enzo Traverso explores the causes and the forms of the encounter that took place, from the middle of the nineteenth century to the Holocaust, between the intelligentsia of a cosmopolitan minority and the most radical ideological current of Western modernity. From Karl Marx to the Frankfurt School, the 'Jewish Question' — to a set of problems related to emancipation and anti-Semitism, cultural assimilation and Zionism — raised significant controversies within Marxist theory. Enzo Traverso carefully reconstructs this intellectual debate that runs over more than a century, pointing out both its achievements and its blind alleys. This is the second edition, completely rewritten and updated, of a book already translated into many languages (originally published in French, then translated into English, German, Spanish, Japanese, and Turkish).
|
[
{
"display_name": "BRILL eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462964",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W3135197887
|
Чорномор’я та Балкани на сторінках «Вестника Европы» (1912 – 1913)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Olena Kozak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060936327"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "N. I. Samoilenko",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065656209"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Geopolitics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C201960208"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Rivalry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779602485"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3135197887
|
The article analyzes the experience of identification and comprehension of the region of the Balkans and the Black Sea region on the pages of the Russian moderately liberal journal « Vestnik Yevropy « of the forbearance and the period of the Balkan wars of 1912-1913. Analysis of the coverage of the formation of this distinctive political and economic space on its pages is of interest in terms of elucidation of the factors of regionalization of economic, political, cultural and ideological processes in crisis conditions. The author comes to the following conclusions.
The construct «The Balkans - the Black Sea region» on the pages of the periodicals during 1912-1913 was different from his understanding in geography and geopolitics. The main factors influencing his comprehension, besides the exclusive economic and political significance, were the rivalry of the great powers for the «Turkish heritage», the Italian-Turkish war (1911-1912), the threat of the war in the Balkans and the Balkan wars (1912-1913), the crisis of the Ottoman Empire, the emancipation of the peoples subordinate to it. The region represents as part of the geopolitical space, where the interests of virtually all major European powers have been interspersed, and as a permanent source of danger for the entire continent. The geographic image of this part of Europe consisted exclusively of military acts of the Certificate on it, recorded on the pages of the periodicals, undoubtedly had its own specificity in comparison with the rest (diplomatic correspondence, documents of state institutions, memoirs and other kinds of historical sources), and despite fragmentation were diverse. The assessment of events and processes in the region on the pages of the magazine did not always correspond to the official position of the Russian government and was built on many factors: political, multilingual and multicultural components, diversity of social composition. By exposing the Russian public to the true state of affairs, the magazine was far from idealizing European diplomacy, which used the small peoples as an instrument for affirming their own interests. During the reproduction of the image of the Balkans and the Black Sea region on the pages of the journal to attract correspondents’ observations, press reviews were supplemented by time reminders of the religious and ethnic community of the Slav peoples. However, understanding Slavic identity did not act as a leading theme. Numerous facts and processes in the life of the region that thoroughly studied the publication subsequently became the basis for scientific analysis and included in textbooks on the history of the Western and Southern Slavs.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Zaporizhzhia Historical Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306535492",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2034783822
|
Emancipation, sickness, and death in the American Civil War
|
[
{
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{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Connecticut College",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4498119",
"lat": 41.35565,
"long": -72.09952,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Jim Downs",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046441096"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Spanish Civil War",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81631423"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W623502615",
"https://openalex.org/W633510191",
"https://openalex.org/W1574553375",
"https://openalex.org/W2617514313"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034783822
|
The American Civil War has often been described as the “bloodiest war” in US history, with the death of about 700 000 soldiers between 1861 and 1865. Unfolding alongside of this tragic story has been the more triumphant account of the war as the victorious ending of the institution of slavery and the freeing of the slaves. Although the war certainly succeeded in dismantling plantation slavery, more than a million former slaves became sick and tens of thousands died during this bloody war. These events have often been overlooked, and instead a narrative has developed about emancipation that emphasises how the war led to economic opportunities, education, and political suffrage for freedpeople in the postwar period between 1865 and 1877. Yet between 1862 and 1865, freed slaves entered into environments marked by conflict, in which more soldiers died from camp diseases—pneumonia, typhus, and dysentery—than from battle. As a result, when the institution of slavery crumbled, countless numbers of former slaves also lost their lives.Although yellow fever, typhoid fever, and smallpox certainly existed in the American South before the conflict, the Civil War, like many other wars during the 19th century, including the Crimean War, Cuba's revolt against Spain in 1895–98, and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, gave rise to explosive outbreaks of disease and inordinate mortality and suffering. Emancipation liberated bondspeople from slavery, but they often lacked clean clothing, adequate shelter, proper food, and access to medical care in their escape towards Union lines. Many freed slaves died once they secured refuge behind Union camps.In an era before germ theory, outbreaks of dysentery, typhoid fever, smallpox, yellow fever, and cholera plagued the Civil War South. The high rates of illness and mortality during the war resulted from a range of factors, including the unsanitary conditions of army camps, polluted waterways, unburied bodies of animals and soldiers, overcrowded populations, dislocation, and the medical profession's uncertainty about how to respond to the many outbreaks of disease. During the Civil War, a group of women reformers established the US Sanitary Commission, which was modelled after the British Sanitary Commission from the Crimean War. While these reformers earnestly attempted to prevent the further spread of disease by preaching a gospel of cleanliness, their efforts proved ineffective in response to the smallpox and cholera epidemics that broke out during the war. Even when they managed to whitewash camps with lime and quarantine infected patients to isolated quarters, the huge dislocations of former slaves and the migrations of soldiers that the war produced excacerbated the spread of disease. Disease and sickness had a more devastating and fatal effect for emancipated slaves than for white soldiers, since they often lacked the basic necessities to survive. In Camp Nelson, Kentucky in 1864, for example, hundreds of freed slaves died of malnutrition and exposure to the elements, whereas white soldiers stationed in the same camps did not suffer in this way.Throughout the Civil War and reconstruction, many freed slaves became sick and died due to the unexpected problems caused by the exigencies of war and the massive dislocation triggered by emancipation. The destruction of slavery and the gradual erosion of the plantation economy, compounded by the federal government's initial ambivalence and often ambiguous plans for rebuilding the South, left former slaves without an institutional structure to help them survive. The ending of slavery led to the abrupt dismantling of antebellum systems of medical care—both those organised by enslaved people and by individual slaveholders on local plantations—and it exhausted the networks of support provided by municipal almshouses and state hospitals. Enslaved people had also developed certain remedies while living under slavery, but the war displaced them from the vegetable gardens and other resources that they relied on to create such remedies. On certain large plantations, slaveholders hired doctors or established sick houses for enslaved people during the antebellum period, but once the war began, former slaveholders argued that it was no longer their responsibility to provide medical assistance to formerly enslaved people and claimed that it was the responsibility of the federal government to provide aid since they were responsible for emancipation. Meanwhile, federal officials believed that it was the responsibility of city and state governments to step in and provide aid for the poor and dispossessed since they had provided such assistance for poor white people since the early 19th century. Local and state governments, however, claimed that they were beleaguered and maintained that the number of white Southerners in need of clothing, food, and medicine had drained their meagre budgets.This confusion created an institutional vacuum that left ex-slaves defenceless against disease outbreaks, and their situation was further exacerbated by freedpeople's nebulous political and economic status. Emancipated slaves did not have a clear political status during and after the war. While the ratification of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution in 1868 granted former enslaved people the right to be recognised as citizens and the ratification of the 15th Amendment enabled freedmen to vote in 1870, it took a great deal of time for these transformations to take shape. Within the context of political history, 1862 to 1870 represents a short timeframe, but 8 years is a rather long time to struggle with inadequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical care. As a result, according to federal records, more than a million slaves requested medical assistance between 1865 and 1869. Yet this number only reflects the number of freed slaves that federal officials encountered, many more, who lived in rural regions, remain uncounted and not part of the government's tabulation. Further, there was no protocol that recorded the number of slaves who became sick and died when the war first began.When military officials eventually encountered the high mortality among the newly freed population, they soon realised that they needed plots of land to bury the freedpeople who died during and after the war. As military physicians began to alert federal officials of the need for burial grounds, the government commanded military doctors to work out arrangements with local governments for proper burial grounds. Local authorities, in turn, often rejected such requests, opposing the mere suggestion that freedpeople be buried near the same lot used for white Southern residents. In Raleigh, North Carolina, for instance, sparks flew when municipal officials informed military agents in April, 1866, that “the cemetery is a resting for those remains of Union soldiers and not an indiscriminate burying ground for freedmen”. Military officials responded by asking for an appropriate place to bury the freedpeople, but municipal authorities failed to provide an adequate solution, yet continued to complain that the bodies should be removed. Debates about where to bury freedpeople reignited the issue of who was in charge of reconstruction in the South: the federal government or local authorities.On an emotional level, the turmoil of not being able to properly bury loved ones must have been unbearable for former slaves. Joseph Miller's son froze to death on his journey from a Union camp to a boarding house in Kentucky in 1864. With nowhere to bury his 7-year-old son, Joseph carried him 5 miles back to the Union camp and buried him in an unmarked grave. On a public health level, the need for cemeteries for freedpeople who died from illness created dangerous health problems. In April, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina, many freedpeople became infected with typhoid fever and were left to die in isolation without any proper burial. As a city official in Charleston, South Carolina explained, “The health of this institution and the city requires that dead bodies by typhoid fever should be removed with as little delay as possible.”But removing bodies proved to be a difficult task without sanctioned areas for burial. Transporting the bodies of freedpeople to remote locations in the countryside was considered, but this would require labour, funds, and, most of all, a designated area to bury the bodies. In many parts of the South, the failure of the federal and local governments to systematically create cemeteries made the removal of the dead a difficult task to accomplish. A freedwoman in southern Illinois in 1864 pleaded with military officials to bury her son. She had already witnessed how the bodies of other formerly enslaved children had been left exposed on a nearby dock where wharf rats had gnawed on their remains. She feared a similar fate would befall her son and begged the Captain in charge of the camp to ensure that her son would be buried. He simply responded by claiming that his own soldiers lacked a proper burial. This encounter was not unusual: the Civil War landscape was marked by the unburied bodies of many people—both black and white.The death of freed slaves in the American Civil War reveals how the struggle to survive unfolded not only on the battlefields during military engagement but also among civilians in military camps, on abandoned plantations, and in other places that promised liberation. Without access to food, clothing, medical care, and even a place to bury their loved ones, the promise of freedom could not be realised for many people. Furthermore, within American history, historians often narrate suffering and death as unexpected sacrifices that result from war or from other major transformations. Yet, the medical crises that freed slaves endured suggest that sickness and death may not have been the unavoidable consequences of war, but the very price of freedom. The American Civil War has often been described as the “bloodiest war” in US history, with the death of about 700 000 soldiers between 1861 and 1865. Unfolding alongside of this tragic story has been the more triumphant account of the war as the victorious ending of the institution of slavery and the freeing of the slaves. Although the war certainly succeeded in dismantling plantation slavery, more than a million former slaves became sick and tens of thousands died during this bloody war. These events have often been overlooked, and instead a narrative has developed about emancipation that emphasises how the war led to economic opportunities, education, and political suffrage for freedpeople in the postwar period between 1865 and 1877. Yet between 1862 and 1865, freed slaves entered into environments marked by conflict, in which more soldiers died from camp diseases—pneumonia, typhus, and dysentery—than from battle. As a result, when the institution of slavery crumbled, countless numbers of former slaves also lost their lives. Although yellow fever, typhoid fever, and smallpox certainly existed in the American South before the conflict, the Civil War, like many other wars during the 19th century, including the Crimean War, Cuba's revolt against Spain in 1895–98, and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, gave rise to explosive outbreaks of disease and inordinate mortality and suffering. Emancipation liberated bondspeople from slavery, but they often lacked clean clothing, adequate shelter, proper food, and access to medical care in their escape towards Union lines. Many freed slaves died once they secured refuge behind Union camps. In an era before germ theory, outbreaks of dysentery, typhoid fever, smallpox, yellow fever, and cholera plagued the Civil War South. The high rates of illness and mortality during the war resulted from a range of factors, including the unsanitary conditions of army camps, polluted waterways, unburied bodies of animals and soldiers, overcrowded populations, dislocation, and the medical profession's uncertainty about how to respond to the many outbreaks of disease. During the Civil War, a group of women reformers established the US Sanitary Commission, which was modelled after the British Sanitary Commission from the Crimean War. While these reformers earnestly attempted to prevent the further spread of disease by preaching a gospel of cleanliness, their efforts proved ineffective in response to the smallpox and cholera epidemics that broke out during the war. Even when they managed to whitewash camps with lime and quarantine infected patients to isolated quarters, the huge dislocations of former slaves and the migrations of soldiers that the war produced excacerbated the spread of disease. Disease and sickness had a more devastating and fatal effect for emancipated slaves than for white soldiers, since they often lacked the basic necessities to survive. In Camp Nelson, Kentucky in 1864, for example, hundreds of freed slaves died of malnutrition and exposure to the elements, whereas white soldiers stationed in the same camps did not suffer in this way. Throughout the Civil War and reconstruction, many freed slaves became sick and died due to the unexpected problems caused by the exigencies of war and the massive dislocation triggered by emancipation. The destruction of slavery and the gradual erosion of the plantation economy, compounded by the federal government's initial ambivalence and often ambiguous plans for rebuilding the South, left former slaves without an institutional structure to help them survive. The ending of slavery led to the abrupt dismantling of antebellum systems of medical care—both those organised by enslaved people and by individual slaveholders on local plantations—and it exhausted the networks of support provided by municipal almshouses and state hospitals. Enslaved people had also developed certain remedies while living under slavery, but the war displaced them from the vegetable gardens and other resources that they relied on to create such remedies. On certain large plantations, slaveholders hired doctors or established sick houses for enslaved people during the antebellum period, but once the war began, former slaveholders argued that it was no longer their responsibility to provide medical assistance to formerly enslaved people and claimed that it was the responsibility of the federal government to provide aid since they were responsible for emancipation. Meanwhile, federal officials believed that it was the responsibility of city and state governments to step in and provide aid for the poor and dispossessed since they had provided such assistance for poor white people since the early 19th century. Local and state governments, however, claimed that they were beleaguered and maintained that the number of white Southerners in need of clothing, food, and medicine had drained their meagre budgets. This confusion created an institutional vacuum that left ex-slaves defenceless against disease outbreaks, and their situation was further exacerbated by freedpeople's nebulous political and economic status. Emancipated slaves did not have a clear political status during and after the war. While the ratification of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution in 1868 granted former enslaved people the right to be recognised as citizens and the ratification of the 15th Amendment enabled freedmen to vote in 1870, it took a great deal of time for these transformations to take shape. Within the context of political history, 1862 to 1870 represents a short timeframe, but 8 years is a rather long time to struggle with inadequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical care. As a result, according to federal records, more than a million slaves requested medical assistance between 1865 and 1869. Yet this number only reflects the number of freed slaves that federal officials encountered, many more, who lived in rural regions, remain uncounted and not part of the government's tabulation. Further, there was no protocol that recorded the number of slaves who became sick and died when the war first began. When military officials eventually encountered the high mortality among the newly freed population, they soon realised that they needed plots of land to bury the freedpeople who died during and after the war. As military physicians began to alert federal officials of the need for burial grounds, the government commanded military doctors to work out arrangements with local governments for proper burial grounds. Local authorities, in turn, often rejected such requests, opposing the mere suggestion that freedpeople be buried near the same lot used for white Southern residents. In Raleigh, North Carolina, for instance, sparks flew when municipal officials informed military agents in April, 1866, that “the cemetery is a resting for those remains of Union soldiers and not an indiscriminate burying ground for freedmen”. Military officials responded by asking for an appropriate place to bury the freedpeople, but municipal authorities failed to provide an adequate solution, yet continued to complain that the bodies should be removed. Debates about where to bury freedpeople reignited the issue of who was in charge of reconstruction in the South: the federal government or local authorities. On an emotional level, the turmoil of not being able to properly bury loved ones must have been unbearable for former slaves. Joseph Miller's son froze to death on his journey from a Union camp to a boarding house in Kentucky in 1864. With nowhere to bury his 7-year-old son, Joseph carried him 5 miles back to the Union camp and buried him in an unmarked grave. On a public health level, the need for cemeteries for freedpeople who died from illness created dangerous health problems. In April, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina, many freedpeople became infected with typhoid fever and were left to die in isolation without any proper burial. As a city official in Charleston, South Carolina explained, “The health of this institution and the city requires that dead bodies by typhoid fever should be removed with as little delay as possible.” But removing bodies proved to be a difficult task without sanctioned areas for burial. Transporting the bodies of freedpeople to remote locations in the countryside was considered, but this would require labour, funds, and, most of all, a designated area to bury the bodies. In many parts of the South, the failure of the federal and local governments to systematically create cemeteries made the removal of the dead a difficult task to accomplish. A freedwoman in southern Illinois in 1864 pleaded with military officials to bury her son. She had already witnessed how the bodies of other formerly enslaved children had been left exposed on a nearby dock where wharf rats had gnawed on their remains. She feared a similar fate would befall her son and begged the Captain in charge of the camp to ensure that her son would be buried. He simply responded by claiming that his own soldiers lacked a proper burial. This encounter was not unusual: the Civil War landscape was marked by the unburied bodies of many people—both black and white. The death of freed slaves in the American Civil War reveals how the struggle to survive unfolded not only on the battlefields during military engagement but also among civilians in military camps, on abandoned plantations, and in other places that promised liberation. Without access to food, clothing, medical care, and even a place to bury their loved ones, the promise of freedom could not be realised for many people. Furthermore, within American history, historians often narrate suffering and death as unexpected sacrifices that result from war or from other major transformations. Yet, the medical crises that freed slaves endured suggest that sickness and death may not have been the unavoidable consequences of war, but the very price of freedom.
|
[
{
"display_name": "The Lancet",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2760983208
|
Serbian cemeteries and changes in the area of Belgrade
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Bojana Miljkovic-Katic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011228433"
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"display_name": "Relocation",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
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{
"display_name": "Independence (probability theory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35651441"
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{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
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{
"display_name": "Piety",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778897741"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Ethnology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2549261"
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"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
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] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2760983208
|
Forming of the New Cemetery at the end of 1820s at the far outskirts of Belgrade, next to the Tašmajdan quarry, was part of a policy of space conquest at several levels: political - by emancipation from the Turkish political authority; cultural - by restoring the concept of positioning the cemetery next to the church; urban - by expanding the city territory to the cemetery and organizing urban space by forming of streets and residential buildings; communal - by routing and infrastructural development of roads and open market places; economic - by constructing bazaars and new business centres. Such a transformation of the area around the cemetery enriched the contents and functions of this part of the town, although it remained less attractive than neighbouring Vračar, until the Principality of Serbia acquired independence. By changing the cultural patterns of Belgrade's middle class, the culture surrounding death also changed during the 19th century, along with the attitude towards cemeteries and its functions. After the closure of the Large Cemetery, the area was leveled and used for formation of new streets, without transferring the graves or remains of the deceased to an ossuary or to the New Cemetery. The New Cemetery, in turn, was neglected, unmaintained, had no fence nor guards and was often desecrated. However, when cultural norms changed in the second half of the 19th century, such an appearance of cemetery became inappropriate, requiring better maintenance or relocation to the outskirts. This time, remains of the deceased family members were either transferred with piety or new ossuaries were formed.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Kultura",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210196114",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1599237863
|
볼테르의 반유대주의와 대혁명기 유대인 해방
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "장세룡",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018106341"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Fanaticism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781017023"
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{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Superstition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776858443"
},
{
"display_name": "Enlightenment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780326160"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Civilization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122302079"
},
{
"display_name": "Persecution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C537575062"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1599237863
|
We can notice a discrepancy between thesis of the universal tolerance in 『Traite sur la tolelance』(1763) and critics to judaism in 『Lettres philosophique』(1733) or 『Dictionnaire philosophique』(1764) of Voltaire. In 20th Century Arthur Hertzberg highlighted Voltaire's attitudes as an examplar of inconsistency of the Enlightenment. Was surely Voltaire are proponent of anti-semitism? But in reality Voltaire says in 『Traite sur la tolerence』, all of the Turkish, Chinese, Thai and Jewish are a creature of God and a brotherhood of ours. Furthermore he said Jews are our ancestor in 『Essai sur les moeurs』. In this respect, Voltaire has not despised Jews and denied to suggest them as an ‘Other', rather he accepted them as broadly humanity itself. And although he required the jewish culture has to corrected or abandoned, but he welcomed they would enter to enlightenment community such as an individual or corporate upon the position of universal tolerance. Although Voltaire reproached superstition, fanaticism, intolerance and persecution, but he was not condemned jewish nation and religious identity itself. Whoever the jewish they are get rid of fanaticism and superstition can participate in civil society which could preserve life and property of all members. So we can said Voltaire is not supporter of the anti-semitism which implicit biological racism, rather he was a supporter of anti-judaism who want to regenerate jewish culture and religion. Revolutionaries as abbe Gregoire or abbe Sieyes and the others has attempted to the emancipation of the jews in French Revolution. Emancipation of jews in the revolutionary age also result of accepted the anti-judaism of Voltaire and aims to regenerate jewish people for transformed to equal citizen. As a result jewish are bestowed new historical moment when they are appeared as a new independent individual who renounced established national community by regeneration of nearly enforced by revolutionaries. This would be settled as basic spirit to estimate another national groups as Arabians of contemporary French Republic.
|
[
{
"display_name": "역사와경계",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306494606",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4297998966
|
The rights of slaves in the Crimean Khanate and the conditions for their emancipation
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "O.D. Rustemov",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075118922"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Historiography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29598333"
},
{
"display_name": "Novelty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778738651"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Islam",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Settlement (finance)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777063073"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Payment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297998966
|
Research objectives: The aim of this research is to study issues related to the legal status of slaves, as well as the terms and conditions of their release in the Crimean Khanate. Research materials: Individual research works on the topic of slavery in Ottoman Turkey and the texts of the Crimean Kadiasker books (sijils) in which slaves appear in connection with various legal proceedings related to them. Results and novelty of the research: Novelty lies in the fact that certain terms from the history of slavery in the Turkic Muslim states have been introduced into scientific circulation. For the first time in Russian historiography, the so-called guarantees (tedbir) of the liberation of slaves in the Crimean Khanate are described. The practice of announcing such “guarantees” to slaves finds its confirmation in court documents of the 17th century. The question of the existence of a limiting service life of slaves in the Crimean Khanate is considered. Also, for the first time, using historical evidence, the legal status of slaves has been studied, the relationship between slaves and masters has been examined, and other reasons for the release of slaves, not related to the end of their service, have been identified. As a result of this study, it is established that in the Crimea of the 16th-18th centuries, according to Muslim law, only prisoners of war captured in a war or on a campaign could become slaves. According to Sharia, Muslims could not be enslaved. This rule was strictly adhered to in the Crimea. We find confirmation of this fact in individual Crimean sijils where the fate of the Lipka Tatars who, being Muslims, were captured, brought to Crimea, and subsequently released. Such documents are examined here. The study has found that slaves were deprived of legal rights and had the status of mütekavvım mal – property permitted for use. They were part of the common property that could be sold, exchanged, donated, or used at the discretion of the owner. In yafts or lists of inherited property, slaves were listed, as a rule, among animals or other things. Sometimes slaves, at the request of their masters, received additional powers and became semi-free traders. A special category of slaves that stood out among others should be noted among the soldiers of the khan’s guard – kapy-kulu (literally – slave of the door/slave at the gate). This article determines that the normal life of a slave corresponded to a full six years. In addition to release on the grounds of seniority, other conditions for the release of a slave were also possible. Four types of tedbir and the conditions of kitabet, or an agreement on the independent redemption of oneself by a slave, are considered. Cases of the release of slaves on religious grounds are described, and the possibilities for them to go to court for legal assistance are described. All the facts of legal precedents given in the article are supported by information from the Crimean Cadi sijils. In conclusion, concepts are given regarding the system of slavery adopted in the khanate.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Золотоордынское обозрение",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210168828",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4318444117
|
Österreichs friedlicher Kreuzzug 1839–1917: Das Heilige Land in Außenpolitik, Gesellschaft und Mentalitäten der Habsburgermonarchie by Barbara Haider-Wilson
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Louise Hecht",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042438843"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Parliament",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781440851"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Legislation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106"
},
{
"display_name": "Monarchy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203458295"
},
{
"display_name": "Constitution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Humanities",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318444117
|
Reviewed by: Österreichs friedlicher Kreuzzug 1839–1917: Das Heilige Land in Außenpolitik, Gesellschaft und Mentalitäten der Habsburgermonarchie by Barbara Haider-Wilson Louise Hecht Österreichs friedlicher Kreuzzug 1839–1917: Das Heilige Land in Außenpolitik, Gesellschaft und Mentalitäten der Habsburgermonarchie. By Barbara Haider-Wilson. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 2021. Archiv für österreichische Geschichte vol. 144. 871 pp. €79. ISBN 9783–7001–8618–8. On his journey to the 'Orient' in 1856, the cultural entrepreneur from Vienna Ludwig August Frankl (1810–94) discussed the recent Hatt-ı-Hümayun, the new constitution promulgated by Sultan Abdülmecid I for the Ottoman Empire, with a Turkish state official. Frankl said that the European nations wondered whether the Ottoman Empire would be able to enact this revolutionary legislation, especially given the fact that they themselves had not yet implemented the full emancipation of religious minorities in their countries. 'Equal rights for all religions,' he exclaimed. 'While England orders this legislation for an, Your Mightiness will excuse the common expression, uncivilized nation, they do not comply with it in their own Parliament' (Ludwig August Frankl, Nach Jerusalem! (1858), i, 191). While criticizing England's hypocritical policy, Frankl, as an Austrian Jew, was actually referring to the discriminatory legislation against Jews in his own country, the Habsburg Monarchy. European Jews, whose legal emancipation had been postponed since the eighteenth century, were in awe of the Ottoman reforms that fundamentally reversed the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims with the stroke of a pen. The chequered relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers, or more precisely, the Habsburg Monarchy, from the nineteenth century until the First World War, is the topic of Barbara Haider-Wilson's comprehensive study Österreichs friedlicher Kreuzzug 1839–1917. The book is the fruit of Haider-Wilson's long-standing engagement with the subject during which the author has amassed an impressive amount of (published and unpublished) sources as well as research literature, to which the bibliography of more than sixty pages testifies. The first of the book's three parts consists of a thorough introduction (around a hundred pages) that positions Haider-Wilson's research question, namely the interconnectedness of Habsburg's religious and political involvement in the Holy Land, within a broad historiographical and methodological context. The second part outlines the historical and political background by presenting the volatile relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the main European players in the Middle [End Page 214] East (Britain, France, Russia and the Habsburg Monarchy, from the Napoleonic Wars to the First World War). The third and main part delineates the formation of the 'Jerusalem-milieu', the growing significance of Jerusalem in the religious and political mindset of decision-makers and ordinary people in the Habsburg Monarchy. The methodological decision to focus on internationalism rather than on traditional foreign diplomacy shifts the emphasis from the role of institutions to that of the historical agents who shaped events through a plethora of actions and interactions. Twenty pages of historical illustrations at the end of the volume reflect current visual culture. The book's title emphasizes agency as well. It hints at a nineteenth-century slogan, allegedly coined by the Swiss physician and explorer Titus Tobler, who advocated the Christian conquest of Jerusalem through concerted religious and cultural activities (p. 30). Even more influential in the book's context is a mosaic from 1907 in the chapel of the Austrian Hospice in Jerusalem's Old City, which was recently analysed by Lily Arad (The Crown of Jerusalem: Franz Joseph's Dream of an Ideal Empire, 2012). The mosaic juxtaposes the belligerent pilgrims, namely the crusaders, to the left and the peaceful pilgrims to the right with Emperor Franz Joseph I in the middle, pointing towards the heavenly Jerusalem. The Austrian Hospice, which opened its gates to Austrian pilgrims in 1863 and is still in existence today, is one of two influential institutions that the Habsburg Monarchy established in the Holy Land (the other being the hospital of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in Tantour, which existed between 1876 and 1939). As the Holy City's first national pilgrim hospice, the Austrian Hospice encapsulates...
|
[
{
"display_name": "Austrian studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210191062",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1544441649
|
Tell This in My Memory: Stories of Enslavement from Egypt, Sudan, and the Ottoman Empire
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Soha El Achi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081782748"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Mamluk",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777898063"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Empire",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778495208"
},
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Classics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Turkey",
"Sudan",
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1544441649
|
TELL THIS IN MY MEMORY: STORIES OF ENSLAVEMENT FROM EGYPT, SUDAN, AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE by Eve M. Troutt Powell Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012 (xvii + 246 pages, bibliography, index, illustrations, maps) $40.00 (cloth)Tell This in My Memory: Stories of Enslavement from Egypt, Sudan, and Ottoman Empire is a study of slavery, liberation, and remembrance between nineteenth and twenty-^rst centuries. Eve M. Troutt Powell examines mechanisms of enslavement and experiences of emancipation through lives and narratives of captives and their descendants, slave owners, and European missionaries.In past three decades, historians of Middle East and North Africa have studied captives' geographical, ethnic, and social origins as well as their roles in society. They have also explored British-led abolition movement in nineteenth century in context of European colonial expansion. Building on this literature, which includes, for instance, work of Ehud Toledano and Yusuf Hakan Erdem, Troutt Powell emphasizes importance of slavery in Ottoman and Egyptian history. She demonstrates how, even a^er end of Mamluk period, slavery was never tangential to region's history, but stood at its core, in both private and public spheres. In support of her argument, she uses writings of renowned Egyptian, Sudanese, and Ottoman figures 'Ali Mubarak, Huda al-Sha'rawi, Babikr Bedri, and Halide Edib, who were (in their own various ways) emblems of modernization and reform in nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Troutt Powell shows how slaves played an essential role in personal, professional, and political development and awakening of these figures. For example, 'Ali Mubarak, in charge of public works and education in khedival governments starting in late 1860s, spoke of Cairo as a city in which slavery was omnipresent. He also shared his astonishment and admiration upon meeting a high-ranking military commander who was a freed Ethiopian slave: I had never witnessed such a thing before (33). The commander's example inspired young Mubarak during his own journey from being a young, poor native Egyptian to becoming a prominent member of a government at a time when a state generally dominated by Turkish elite usually denied native Egyptians high positions.This encounter, however, is exceptional in world of Mubarak and his contemporary audience, who associated skin with low social rank and servitude. At other end of spectrum stood slaves, who brought prestige to their owners and who o^en attained high positions within households or in government. Troutt Powell points out that white and black were constructed concepts that obscured a much more complex set of identities. Slaves from Africa or Caucasus belonged to a wide array of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups. But once they arrived in Egypt or in other parts of Ottoman Empire, their owners decided to forget their ancestry and place of origin and they instead became, as Mubarak observed, black or white.When British, followed by Italians and French, directed their abolitionist e^orts to Middle East and North Africa in second part of nineteenth century, defense of slavery became entwined with resistance to European colonialism. Western powers used their in^uence to push Ottoman and Egyptian governments to put a legal end to ownership or sale of human beings, and slave owners tenaciously defended their privileges. Beyond material benefits of slavery, slave owners per- ceived their struggle as one for their freedom from European encroachment in public and private spheres of their lives. In that sense, they were trying to secure their own sense of power and identity in unstable times. Moreover, they tried to show that slavery could be part of modernity. Babikr Bedri, who reformed Sudanese education system when his country was under Anglo-Egyptian condominium, strongly believed and tried to demonstrate to British that the customs, economics, and traditions of slavery formed a crucial part of Sudanese nation that [he] was learning to politicize, and to uphold (74). …
|
[
{
"display_name": "Arab Studies Journal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764408163",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2001699780
|
From Third Worldism to Empire: Jean‐Luc Godard and the Palestine Question
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Irmgard Emmelhainz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020679128"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Subaltern",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781208120"
},
{
"display_name": "Empire",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778495208"
},
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Geopolitics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C201960208"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
}
] |
[
"Palestine"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001699780
|
Abstract Through the lens of two films by the Swiss film‐maker Jean‐Luc Godard, Ici et ailleurs (1970–1974) and Notre musique (2004), in which he addresses the Palestine Question, the article sketches out the discursive shifts in geopolitical engagement from the French movement of Third Worldism to current cultural wars and interventionism. In the late 1960s and early 1970s artists, writers, journalists and film‐makers produced works speaking for and about revolutionary struggles in the Third World. When Third Worldism was dismissed as a sort of aberration of decadent Socialism that threatened people’s rights, a new de‐ideologised form of emancipation of the people of the Third World called for the imperative to safeguard their human rights. This led to new figures of alterity in the 1980s and 1990s, the ‘suffering other’ that needs to be rescued and to the post‐colonial ‘subaltern’ demanding restitution, presupposing that visibility would follow emancipation. For Godard, contemporary righteous cultural (and actual) wars stand against a ‘sky red with explosions and restored ruins, still in flames, purporting the false unity of a culturalised past as the condition of possibility of a present of ‘coexistence’.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Third text",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210216033",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2009728207
|
Edward W. Said and Zionism: Rethinking the Exodus Story
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "William V. Spanos",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084560184"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Zionism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58041660"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Empire",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778495208"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Classics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Palestine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"State of Palestine",
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009728207
|
In The Question of Palestine and elsewhere, Edward Said locates the “justificatory regime” that Zionism has developed to interpose between its Palestinian victims and itself in the discourse of nineteenth-century British imperialism, by which he means the representation of the land occupied by empire as “terra nullius.” This essay retrieves Said's “Canaanite” reading of Michael Waltzer's Exodus and Revolution, in which the latter invokes, above all, the English Puritan revolution to demonstrate the emancipatory politics of the Old Testament story and reconstellates it into the American context, in which, according to Sacvan Bercovitch in The American Jeremiad, the Puritan founders' figural reenactment of the Exodus story is, in fact, one of conquest and occupation rather than emancipation. Such a retrieval and reconstellation will show that Said's genealogy of the Zionist justificatory regime undergoes a significant modification when, in the 1950s, the United States takes over the sponsorship of the Israeli state from the Old World empires. It will show, specifically, the imperial ideology of the Old World that was the original model of the Zionist justificatory regime vis-à-vis Palestine was displaced by the far more politically “effective” exceptionalist jeremiadic ideology of the “pioneering” New World.
|
[
{
"display_name": "boundary 2",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S171635450",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2480433510
|
The politics of music categorization in Portugal
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Salwa El‐Shawan Castelo‐Branco",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084601365"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Scholarship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778061430"
},
{
"display_name": "Scrutiny",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776050585"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Musical",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C558565934"
},
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Nationalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C521449643"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"Jordan",
"Israel"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W24635899",
"https://openalex.org/W2316926895",
"https://openalex.org/W2331287709",
"https://openalex.org/W2331422358",
"https://openalex.org/W2513184492",
"https://openalex.org/W2525302234",
"https://openalex.org/W2739314488",
"https://openalex.org/W2790662159",
"https://openalex.org/W2793343636",
"https://openalex.org/W2797496846",
"https://openalex.org/W2893490601",
"https://openalex.org/W2903073987",
"https://openalex.org/W4247790625",
"https://openalex.org/W4250863702"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2480433510
|
The invention of the phonograph toward the end of the nineteenth century brought music to the forefront of folk-song scholarship, hitherto focused almost entirely on lyrics. Transformed into sound objects, the oral musical traditions, could be collected, stored, and subjected to sustained scholarly scrutiny. Musics are collected in the southeastern Mediterranean, west of the Jordan River, known variously as Eretz Yisrael, Israel, Palestine, and the Holy Land. This chapter focuses on the different ways in which collectors of traditional music have negotiated specific artistic and scholarly interests and agendas with competing ideologies of nationalism in four large scale music recording and archiving projects based in and around Jerusalem. In the utopian vision, spiritual renewal, attained through the creation of a society based on Jewish cultural and ethical values, was the primary goal of Zionism, and a prerequisite for political emancipation.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W2487775413
|
Anglo-Jewish Identity and the Politics Of Cultivation in Hazlitt, Aguilar, and Disraeli
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Judith W. Page",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056720811"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Jewish identity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776365606"
},
{
"display_name": "Identity (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778355321"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989"
},
{
"display_name": "Land of Israel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C174714178"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Palestine"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2487775413
|
In 1830, William Cobbett challenged his readers to “produce a Jew who ever dug, who went to the plough, or who ever made his own coat or his own shoes, or who did anything at all, except get all the money he could from the pockets of the people.”1 Cobbett repeats the old canard that Jews, as international vagabonds, have no connection to the land and thus cannot be legitimate Britons. Cobbett resented Jews for allegedly refusing to do real work, and he also feared that if unfettered, Jews would buy up and degrade the land meant for others to work. In response to the sort of worldview promoted by Cobbett (if not in direct response to him), writers more friendly to Jews and Judaism made land and cultivation central to their sense of Jewish identity in nineteenth-century Britain.2 These writers returned to the biblical notion of the Jews as cultivators of fields and vineyards, and presented Jews as adaptors of ancient traditions to contemporary Britain. Beginning with William Hazlitt’s passionate defense of Jewish emancipation in 1831 and looking at several prints of “Jewish” country houses, I chart the centrality of “the land” and ownership to the position of Jews in Britain. Such writers as Grace Aguilar and Benjamin Disraeli use narrative scenes of gardening and agriculture to negotiate the slippery terrain of British-Jewish identity in the early- to mid-nineteenth century. Paradoxically, though, the connection to the land in Aguilar leads to an affirmation of Anglo-Jewish identity, while Disraeli’s contrast between the landscapes of England and Palestine makes accommodation more difficult.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463717",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4376135099
|
Arnold Zweig und Magnus Hirschfeld<b> (Berlin und Palästina)</b>
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Manfred Herzer-Wigglesworth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080726784"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Zionism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58041660"
},
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Persecution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C537575062"
},
{
"display_name": "Palestine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "German",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154775046"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
}
] |
[
"Palestine",
"State of Palestine",
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376135099
|
Abstract The poet Arnold Zweig and the sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld, two German-Jewish atheists, are compared in their views on the emancipation of Jews and homosexuals in the 20th century. Without knowing about each other, the two visited Palestine in 1932, where they grappled with Zionism and the idea of a Jewish state. Zweigʼs reflections on Palestine are expressed in his 1932 novel »De Vriendt kehrt heim,« while Hirschfeldʼs »Weltreise eines Sexualforschers,« published in 1933 in Swiss exile, formulated his ambivalent, ultimately negative attitude toward Zionism. Zweig lived and worked in Palestine, despite all his reservations, until the founding of the State of Israel. Hirschfeld, who was almost twenty years older, died in France in 1935. Hirschfeldʼs lifelong fight against the persecution of homosexuals was supported by Zweig in many ways, but in the last decades of Zweigʼs life, as a member of the Jewish community in East Berlin, he almost completely faded into the background of his cultural-political activities.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Aschkenas",
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https://openalex.org/W2462884253
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„ŽYDŲ KRONIKA“ IR SUOMIJOS ŽYDŲ TAPATYBĖS FORMAVIMASIS 1918–1920 METAIS
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"display_name": "Teuvo Laitila",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Palestine",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2462884253
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The article discusses how the short-lived Finnish Jewish journal Judisk Krönika (The Jewish Chronicle), 1918–1920, attempted to reshape Jewish identity in Finland. Before the Finnish independence in 1917, Jews were regulated by special statutes, which made them second-class citizens. In 1918, they formally got full civil rights. At the same time, due to the changes in Palestine, they were faced with an opportunity to become citizens of a Jewish state, promised by the Balfour Declaration in 1917. In principle, the Judisk Krönika was open to all kinds of discussion of Jewish culture and Jewish societal interests. In fact, however, in most articles it provided material for discussion, how Jews in Finland could be, or decide between being, loyal Finnish citizens and true members of the Jewish nation. The journal suggested that in considering this ‘double identity’ the Jews had to take into account two things. On the one hand, they had to consider the risks of the rising anti-Semitism and pogroms connected to armed conflicts, above all in the territories of the former Russian Empire. On the other hand, they had the option to join Zionist Movement and its aspirations to turn Palestine again into the Jewish homeland. The journal seemed to be on the side of Zionism and active creation of a Jewish national identity, but did not decline the emancipation of Jews. Both Jewish and Finnish Jewish identities were suggested as equally valid.
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[
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"display_name": "Knygotyra",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737593761",
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|
https://openalex.org/W4252086276
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&quot;Jewish Ethics&quot; as an Argument in the Public Debate Over the Israeli Reaction to Palestinian Terror
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ehud Luz",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088870629"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C58041660"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
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"display_name": "Chemistry",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252086276
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Since the Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 C.E.) and the eradication of any trace of Jewish sovereignty in Palestine, Jews have given little thought to questions of war. The long exile freed them from the poignant moral dilemmas confronted by any polity that is compelled to use force to defend itself. Warfare, which has played such an essential role in world history, was seen by the Jews as "the craft of Esau"—that is, a matter for the gentiles—at least until such time as the Messiah would come. Two generations ago, Rav Kook, the greatest religious Zionist thinker, voiced the view that the exile had been a crucible, a necessary phase to prepare the Jewish people for the messianic redemption. The people of Israel, he argued, had abandoned the sphere of world politics "under duress that was partly also a matter of inner will, until the happy time when a polity could be governed without wickedness or barbarism." 1
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"display_name": "Israel Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S76733833",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4248552153
|
The Scholems: A Story of the German-Jewish Bourgeoisie from Emancipation to Destruction by Jay Howard Geller
|
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"display_name": "Steven Beller",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C184386139"
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"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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"State of Palestine",
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4248552153
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Reviewed by: The Scholems: A Story of the German-Jewish Bourgeoisie from Emancipation to Destruction by Jay Howard Geller Steven Beller Jay Howard Geller. The Scholems: A Story of the German-Jewish Bourgeoisie from Emancipation to Destruction. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2019. X + 329 pp. Hardcover $29.95, ebook $14.99. ISBN 978-1-5017-3156-3, ASIN: B07J128NZN. Studies of German Jewry have become much more sophisticated and subtle in recent decades. Instead of somewhat sterile arguments about whether Jews in German-speaking lands were assimilated or not, scholars are much more likely today to discuss the German-Jewish experience in terms of an integration and acculturation that left German Jews as Germans and Jews, in their own sub-culture, as David Sorkin, following in the path of George Mosse, outlined in his path-breaking book, The Transformation of German Jewry, in 1987. This excellent portrayal of the Scholem family continues this approach, showing just how German, and how Jewish, the members of the family were, despite the ample political spectrum they covered, even among a set of four brothers, Reinhold, Erich, Werner, and Gershom, from fairly conservative liberal; to progressive democrat; to communist, albeit one ejected from the party because of his opposition to Stalin; and finally, and most famously, left-wing Zionist. Gershom (originally Gerhard) was the star that makes the Scholem family worthy of particular interest, and he is given his due in two chapters devoted to his experience in Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s. Of particular interest, given current debates, is the fact that in the 1920s, as a left-winger and a "cultural" Zionist, Scholem was a member of "Brit Shalom," hence an opponent of the need for a Jewish state, and an advocate instead of a binational, Jewish-Arab state. He changed his mind later, given the force majeure of the Arab Revolt, the Holocaust, and the establishment of the State of Israel, [End Page 115] but it is a reminder that Peter Beinart's recent conversion to a one-state, binational solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has strong, ideologically Zionist roots. Scholem's immense contribution to modern Jewish scholarship is also discussed, but much more sketchily and briefly than one might have assumed. But that is understandable, because he is not the center of the book (much as that would probably have pained him), rather the family is. Indeed, if anyone is central to the book it is Gershom's mother, Betty, whose correspondence with her sons is one of the major documentary sources on which this well-researched, scholarly book rests. This, as with so many German-Jewish families, is a story of social, economic, and cultural success, followed by economic and political peril, and appalling persecution and destruction. Geller tells how a poor Jew came to Berlin, started a family, how his son came to set up a printing company that achieved, eventually, a level of considerable prosperity. A now extensive family saw another printing company being founded, also with some success, all of which was severely shaken by World War I and its chaotic aftermath. The twenties offered a period of apparent recovery and promise, in which family members chose quite different paths: into left-wing politics, Zionism, or continued integration, and partial economic recovery (partly by printing record labels). While Gershom left to Palestine to realize his Zionist dream, Werner pursued a notorious (if failed) career in radical politics, and the older brothers tried to rescue the family firm. Then arrived the Great Slump, and the Nazi takeover, the destruction of German Jewry, with the Scholem family members reluctant to leave, as with so many underestimating the acute danger German Jews were in. Many managed to flee just in time, but others, most prominently in this book, Werner, the left-wing brother, became victims of the Nazi genocide. One could indeed argue that even those who survived and mostly prospered were themselves victims of the Nazi terror, forced to leave their world, the world they were so well-versed in, and not all able to recreate as satisfactory a one elsewhere, in this case Australia for the elder two brothers. Even Gershom in Palestine-Israel was...
|
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"type": "journal"
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https://openalex.org/W2963773534
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Beyond flight and rescue: the migration setting of German Jewry before 1938
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"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "David Jüenger",
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"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
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"Palestine"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2963773534
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The article portrays and analyzes the choices and challenges for German Jews regarding the question of emigration in the 1930s against the background of the global migration regime at that time. The main argument is that in the 1930s migration questions for German Jews were more complex than many studies on the subject have been suggested until today. In order to understand the predicaments of the Germany Jews, the topic of German-Jewish migration is analyzed within a larger setting of international migration problems of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In a first step, the German-Jewish situation of the 1930s is presented as part of an even bigger crisis which affected Jewish centers as Poland, Palestine or the United States. In a second step, the responses of the German Jews to the Nazi onslaught are analyzed within the framework of the entire emancipation era. The argument is substantiated by 1. a cross-reading of secondary sources on Jewish history in different regions; 2. debates of the German-Jewish public as published in articles, books and pamphlets and 3. memoirs of German Jews.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2486020089
|
Moses Hess – jude och socialist
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2486020089
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The first generation of the Jewish emancipation in the 19th century made a considerable contribution to European culture and science. Quite a few of these newly emancipated Jews became prominent leaders in the rising socialist movement. One of these was Moses Hess, the “father of German socialism” and a hailed proto-Zionist. In 1862 Hess published his most famous book, Rome and Jerusalem, which in our century has become a Zionist classic. Contrary to his earlier opinions Hess now gave expression to his opposition to Jewish assimilation and proposed a rebirth of the Jewish nation. The Jewish national question, Hess claimed, could only be solved by creating a socialist Jewish state in Palestine. The nationalistic riots in socialist countries today show that Hess was right when he stressed the importance of nationalities. The bankruptcy of Marxist socialism, so widely admitted today, will perhaps raise interest in the humanistic socialism of Moses Hess.
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https://openalex.org/W3143046217
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Beyond Flight and Rescue: The Migration Setting of German Jewry before 1938
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"display_name": "David Jünger",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3143046217
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No AccessBeyond Flight and Rescue: The Migration Setting of German Jewry before 1938David JüngerDavid JüngerSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.13109/9783666370717.173SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AboutAbstract: This article analyzes the choices and challenges for German Jews regarding the question of emigration in the 1930s against the background of the global migration regime at that time. The main argument is that migration questions for German Jews in the 1930s were more complex than many studies on the subject have suggested to date. In order to understand the predicaments of the Jews in Nazi Germany, the issue of their migration is analyzed within a larger setting of international migration problems of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Therefore, the article refers not only to debates of the German Jewish public – as published in articles, books, and pamphlets – and to memoirs of German Jews, but also includes a cross-reading of secondary sources on Jewish history in different regions. First, the German Jewish situation of the 1930s is presented as part of an even bigger crisis which affected centers of Jewish life such as Poland, Palestine, and the United States. Second, the responses of German Jews to the Nazi onslaught are analyzed within the framework of the entire era of emancipation. Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverJahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts / Simon Dubnow Institute Yearbook.Volume XVI 1. AuflageISBN: 978-3-525-37071-1 eISBN: 978-3-666-37071-7HistoryPublished online:August 2019 PDF download
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https://openalex.org/W1975894406
|
Genius and Demographics in Modern Jewish History
|
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Elijah ben Solomon (1720-1797) and Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) are often represented as two poles of eighteenth-century Jewish history: "the Gaon" (Elijah of Vilna) as the defender of rabbinic or "traditional" Judaism, and the "Jewish Socrates" (Mendelssohn), as the founder of "modern" Judaism. A comparative examination of their geniuses in their respective cultural contexts, however, suggests that it was the Gaon who called into question the canons of rabbinic authority, while Mendelssohn tirelessly defended the legitimacy of the rabbinic tradition to his German-speaking audiences. Mendelssohn mobilized his defense of the rabbinic tradition precisely because he was fighting for the political recognition of German Jewry (as followers of rabbinic Judaism). Mendelssohn's argument for pluralism and emancipation of a minority religious group inspired nineteenth-century Western European Jews, who lived as minorities—those who traded their belief in messianic redemption for citizenship in the nation-state, climbed over the ghetto walls of the kehilah (the pre-modern Jewish governing structure) for the freedom of the coffee houses, and turned their backs on the heder and enrolled in universities. Conversely, the Jewish demographic strength and residential propinquity of late eighteenth-century Vilna Jewry allowed the Gaon to question the rabbinic tradition—a position that Mendelssohn would have considered as detrimental to the cause of Jewish emancipation or perhaps even sacrilege. The Gaon's Jewish genius and political agency inspired nineteenth-century Eastern European Jews who lived as majorities—those who left their homes to study with their peers in the privatized Yeshiva, thumbed their nose at the Russian State by boarding boats to Palestine, and joined other anti-Statist political movements.
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https://openalex.org/W2987028579
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The Scholems: A Story of the German-Jewish Bourgeoisie from Emancipation to Destruction by Jay Howard Geller
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Reviewed by: The Scholems: A Story of the German-Jewish Bourgeoisie from Emancipation to Destruction by Jay Howard Geller Noam Zadoff The Scholems: A Story of the German-Jewish Bourgeoisie from Emancipation to Destruction. By Jay Howard Geller. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. Pp. x + 329. Paper $29.95. ISBN 978-1501731563. In his memoir From Berlin to Jerusalem, published shortly before his death, Gershom Scholem suggested that the divergent paths which he and his three brothers had chosen reflected the various options that stood open for middle-class German Jewry [End Page 603] at the turn of the century. Jay Howard Geller's The Scholems takes this observation as his starting point and recounts the story of this family, from Prussian Glogau at the end of the eighteenth century to Jerusalem and Sydney at the end of the twentieth. The book focuses mainly on the four Scholem brothers, the sons of the printer Arthur Scholem and his wife, Betty: Reinhold (1891–1985), Erich (1893–1965), Werner (1895–1940), and Gerhard (Gershom, 1897–1982). The two older brothers, who are less known to the reader, stand for assimilatory Judaism with its wish to acculturate into non-Jewish German society. The two younger, more famous brothers represent the revolutionary solution to the so-called "Jewish question," either through universalistic socialism, which will bring about a new order in Germany itself (Werner), or by working toward the particularistic Zionist utopia, which was to be realized in the Land of Israel and form part of Jewish national self-definition (Gershom). The past couple of years have seen the publication of several monographs dealing with different aspects of Gershom Scholem's life (by Amir Engel, Noam Zadoff, and David Biale), as well as the first biography in English of Werner Scholem by Mirjam Zadoff, which examines his career as a German Jewish politician within the context of his family. Geller's narrative builds on these existing studies, as he describes the turbulence and radical changes that affected the lives of the Scholems in the years of persecution in Germany during the first half of the twentieth century. Reinhold, Erich, and their mother, Betty (their father, Arthur, died in 1925 from heart failure), managed to escape in 1938 and immigrate to Australia, while Werner—who had been elected to the Reichstag as a member of the Communist Party—was arrested in 1933 and interned in different concentration camps until his murder in Buchenwald in 1940. Although Gershom immigrated to Palestine in 1923, and hence did not experience the traumatic events firsthand, the Holocaust was arguably the defining moment of his biography and he would continue to wrestle with its significance for the rest of his life. In many respects, the story of the Scholem siblings has strong tragic elements and can be read, as Geller suggests, as a parable for the decline of German Jewry. The merit of Geller's work lies in the detailed account he provides of the larger Scholem family and the eloquent way in which it is narrated. (Especially interesting are the descriptions of the period after Reinhold, Erich, and Betty arrived in Australia.) Geller places personal episodes in the lives of the family members within the larger framework of the history of the German Jewish bourgeoisie, where his main concern lies. Consequently, his narrative swings constantly between specific events in the lives of members of the Scholem family and the general social-historical framework—the general situation in Germany at the time. Throughout the book Geller adheres to the narrative set by Gershom Scholem in his autobiography, which he does not question. Consequently, inner conflicts in Gershom's life that Scholem himself avoided rarely receive any treatment. The reader is left with the feeling that the story has another, hidden layer, which Geller does not [End Page 604] bring to light. An example is the confusion that arises from his treatment of Gershom Scholem's unique brand of Zionism. In one passage Geller emphasizes the influence of Ahad Haam on Gershom's Zionism (133), while in another he has Gershom espousing the "negation of the diaspora" (175) ideology, which is in direct opposition to Ahad Haam's humanistic thought...
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https://openalex.org/W2018318123
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Peculiar Faculty and Peculiar Institution: Ralph Waldo Emerson on Labor and Slavery
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Peculiar Faculty and Peculiar Institution: Ralph Waldo Emerson on Labor and Slavery Sophia Forster (bio) In 1844, Ralph Waldo Emerson stepped decisively onto the abolitionist stage with the delivery of his first antislavery speech, “Address on the Anniversary of Emancipation in the British West Indies,” presented in his hometown of Concord, Massachusetts. While abolitionists applauded the speech, their approbation was tinged with a sense of the belatedness of Emerson’s participation. As the abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier noted in his response to the publication of Emerson’s remarks, “we had previously, we confess, felt half indignant that, while we were struggling against the popular current, mobbed, hunted, denounced, from the legislative forum, cursed from the pulpit, such a man as Ralph Waldo Emerson should be brooding over his pleasant philosophies, writing his quaint and beautiful essays, in his retirement on the banks of the Concord, unconcerned and ‘calm as a summer’s morning.’”1 Contemporary commentary on Emerson’s abolitionism presents a curious inversion of Whittier’s concerns. Until recently, the Emersonian tradition of transcendentalism comprised precisely those texts that Whittier deems “quaint and beautiful essays,” an oeuvre described by one contemporary scholar as the “small canon.”2 Its interpretation over the past century and a half has often yielded the conclusion that the [End Page 35] attitude Whittier derides as “unconcern” in fact represents a sophisticated philosophical stance on Emerson’s part. Indeed, critics have often judged Emerson’s apparent disengagement from immediate political concerns to be more radical than the sectarian politics of many of his contemporaries. In the wake of the scholarly recovery of Emerson’s abolitionist texts, then, commentators have been less sanguine than Whittier in their assessments of Emerson’s participation in the antislavery cause. Emerson’s embrace of the abolitionist acceptance of the Northern economic status quo has posed a particular challenge, as it appears to contradict the small canon’s opposition to the values and practices of the burgeoning capitalist economy, an opposition much lauded by critics.3 In the “Emancipation Address,” Emerson describes Northern capitalism as providing a “safer and cheaper”4 alternative to slavery, initiating a pro-capitalist strain of rhetoric that was rarely absent from his antislavery works over the next two decades, and that seems to stand in stark contrast to one of the small canon’s most famous statements on capitalism, the assertion in “Self-Reliance” that “The reliance on Property, including the reliance on governments which protect it, is the want of self-reliance.”5 This essay seeks to resolve the apparent contradiction between the small canon’s criticism of capitalism and the abolitionist texts’ support for it by considering Emerson’s attitudes towards labor, a topic as important to Emerson’s transcendental philosophy as it is was to the antebellum abolitionist movement. In two largely ignored 1837 speeches that provide the most detailed exposition of Emerson’s view of labor, “Trades and Professions” and “Doctrine of the Hands,” he stakes out a position on labor that contains key elements of the critique of slavery he offers in 1844 and after. I argue that a defining context for the view of labor offered in these speeches—and, indeed, in the more polished texts of the small canon that have been so influential in defining Emerson’s transcendentalism—lies in the historical development of the rhetoric of “free labor,” which extolled the opportunities for laborers in Northern capitalist society. Antebellum free labor abolitionists celebrated the capitalist economic system [End Page 36] for conferring on the laborer intrinsic moral and extrinsic economic improvement. Emerson shares this fundamentally liberal embrace of the capitalist marketplace, but he values it for a somewhat different reason. Rather than simply extolling capitalism’s moral lessons in self-discipline or its instrumental value in producing wealth, Emerson praises its capacity to best accommodate the experience of labor as a crucial means of self-development—of expansion of the self’s innate faculties and capacities. Capitalism, in Emerson’s view, creates the conditions of possibility for the labor that produces this distinctive form of self-development, and thus is superior not only to slavery, but also to the various utopian economic experiments that abounded in...
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https://openalex.org/W2404135233
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Blood on the Bayou: Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and the Trans-Mississippi by Donald S. Frazier
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2404135233
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Reviewed by: Blood on the Bayou: Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and the Trans-Mississippi by Donald S. Frazier Justin S. Solonick Blood on the Bayou: Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and the Trans-Mississippi. By Donald S. Frazier. (Buffalo Gap, Tex.: State House Press, 2015. Pp. xii, 472. $39.99, ISBN 978-1-933337-63-0.) The struggle for the Mississippi River, which culminated in the siege of Vicksburg, was one of the most important events in the Civil War. Needless to say, this high-profile episode has tended to distract historians from the concurrent happenings that occurred on the west bank of the Mississippi River. Blood on the Bayou: Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and the Trans-Mississippi is the latest installment of what author Donald S. Frazier calls “the Louisiana Quadrille” series (p. vii). It focuses on the lesser-known events that surrounded Union efforts to take Vicksburg and Port Hudson, the principal Confederate bastions guarding the Mississippi, from May to July 1863. [End Page 440] Frazier begins with a brief introduction outlining the early phases of the Civil War and discusses Abraham Lincoln’s move to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Here, Frazier explains, a divide existed between the theory of emancipation in Washington, D.C., and its implementation in the field: “Although the Lincoln administration urged freedom for all slaves, it clearly had not established mechanisms and policies with which to actually deal with the processes—and consequences—of instant emancipation” (p. 20). From here, the author homes in on his subject, shifting the focus from Washington to Louisiana and the Mississippi River Valley, where the majority of the book takes place. After Federal troops besieged Vicksburg and Port Hudson in May 1863, local Confederate forces mounted various raids and small campaigns bent on drawing Union armies away from their respective siege works. Frazier’s book describes these lesser-known and underappreciated military movements at great length. Some events, such as the Milliken’s Bend campaign, will be familiar to Civil War historians. Other engagements, such as the Confederate victory in the battle of Kock’s Plantation on July 13, 1863, might be new for some trans-Mississippi enthusiasts. In all accounts, Frazier narrates each fight with authority, and his enthusiasm for educating others in the details of these events shines through. In addition to outlining military movements, Frazier’s book is very much in keeping with the scholarship of the “new military history,” which seeks to bridge the divide between social history and campaign narratives. Throughout the book, Frazier takes pains to illustrate what the fighting meant for the southerners, free and enslaved, who inhabited the region during the war, citing a breadth of sources including interviews with former slaves recorded by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during the Great Depression. Frazier’s use of WPA narratives is most evident at the end of the book, when he discusses the “mass exodus” of displaced Confederates and slaves who left Louisiana and Mississippi in the wake of the fighting and established residence in Texas for the remainder of the war (p. 381). He writes, “The fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson and the threat of Federal invasion provided these displaced people with an uncertain future” (p. 388). Overall, the book is a solid piece of scholarship that is both informative and entertaining. Those who enjoyed the previous installments of the Louisiana Quadrille will not be disappointed. Justin S. Solonick Texas Christian University Copyright © 2016 The Southern Historical Association
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https://openalex.org/W565964245
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America Compared: American History in International Perspective
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W565964245
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I. Emancipation and Reconstruction 1. The Politics of Freedom, Eric Foner 2. Reconstruction: A Counterfactual Playback, C. Vann Woodward II. Conquering and Settling the West 3. Indian Societies Under Siege in the United States and Canada, Roger L. Nichols 4. Gridded Lives: Why Montana and Kazakhstan are Nearly the Same Place, Kate Brown III. Business and Labor in the Industrial Age 5. The Rise of Big Business in the United States, Great Britain, and Japan, Mansel G. Blackford 6. Why Is There No Socialism in the United States? Aristide A. Zolberg IV. Immigrants and Cities 7. The Great Transatlantic Migrations, Walter Nugent 8. The City in the Land of the Dollar, Witold Rybczynski V. Imperialism 9. American Imperialism in Comparative Perspective, Robin W. Winks 10. America's Colonial Rule in the Philippines, Vince Boudreau VI. Progressive Reform at Home and Abroad 11. Women and the Creation of the American Welfare State, Kathryn Kish Sklar 12. Woodrow Wilson and the Failure of Progressivism at Versailles, Alan Dawley VII. Cultural Change in the 1920s 13. Americans, Europeans, and the Movies, Robert Sklar 14. The Meanings of American Jazz in France, Jeffrey H. Jackson VIII. The Great Depression 15. Into the Economic Abyss, Eric Hobsbawm 16. Roosevelt and Hitler: New Deal and Nazi Reactions to the Depression, John A. Garraty IX. World War II 17. An Ocean Apart: The Anglo-American Relationship on the Eve of War, David Dimbleby and David Reynolds 18. Race War: American and Japanese Perceptions of the Enemy, John W. Dower X. The Cold War in Europe and Asia 19. The American and Soviet Cold War Empires, John Lewis Gaddis 20. Imperial Responses to Revolution in Colonial America and Vietnam, T. Christopher Jespersen XI. Rights Revolutions 21. Resistance to White Supremacy in the United States and South Africa, George M. Fredrickson 22. The New Feminism in America and Great Britain, Olive Banks XII. Globalization and Empire 23. Imperial Denial, Niall Ferguson 24. Globalization and American Power, Joseph S. Nye Jr.
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https://openalex.org/W4386016963
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Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
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{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
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"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon",
"Syria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386016963
|
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon analyzes the relations between the Maronite notables and the Church in the context of socio-economic transformations in Mount Lebanon in the period 1736-1840. Special attention is given to the influence of external forces, such as the economic interference of the European nations, the Syrian and Ottoman administrative framework and the increasing involvement of the Vatican in the affairs of the Maronite community. The emphasis is laid on the role of religious foundations, or waqfs, in the process of social and economic integration, both within the Maronite community and in the wider frameworks in which it gradually became incorporated. These external and internal factors can explain the remarkable political emancipation of the Maronite Church, which assumed an important role in the history of Mount Lebanon in the 19th century.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W15974306
|
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon: The Khāzin Sheikhs and the Maronite Church (1736-1840)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Richard van Leeuwen",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024095067"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Mount",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778091609"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon",
"Syria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W15974306
|
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon analyzes the relations between the Maronite notables and the Church in the context of socio-economic transformations in Mount Lebanon in the period 1736-1840. Special attention is given to the influence of external forces, such as the economic interference of the European nations, the Syrian and Ottoman administrative framework and the increasing involvement of the Vatican in the affairs of the Maronite community. The emphasis is laid on the role of religious foundations, or waqfs, in the process of social and economic integration, both within the Maronite community and in the wider frameworks in which it gradually became incorporated. These external and internal factors can explain the remarkable political emancipation of the Maronite Church, which assumed an important role in the history of Mount Lebanon in the 19th century.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2266694299
|
Marie al-Khazen's photographs of the 1920s and 1930s
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Yasmine Nachabe",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030970302"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989"
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{
"display_name": "TRIPS architecture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C157085824"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607"
},
{
"display_name": "Girl",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778047097"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Negative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113619468"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976"
},
{
"display_name": "Transport engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22212356"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2266694299
|
Marie al-Khazen was a Lebanese photographer who lived between 1899 and 1983. Her photographs were mostly taken between the 1920s and 1930s in the North of Lebanon. They were compiled by Mohsen Yammine, a Lebanese collector who later donated the photographs to the Arab Image Foundation. Her work includes a collection of intriguing photographs portraying her family and friends living their everyday life in Zgharta. Al-Khazen seized every opportunity to use her camera to capture stories of her surroundings. She not only documented her travels around tourist sites in Lebanon but also sought creative experimentation with her device by staging scenes, manipulating shadows and superimposing negatives to produce different effects in her prints. Within the borders of her photographs, bedouins and European friends, peasants and landlords, men and women, comfortably share the same space. Most of Marie al-Khazen's photographs, which are circulated online through the Arab Image Foundation's website, suggest a narrative of independent and determined Lebanese women. These photographs are charged with symbols that can be understood, today, as representative of women's emancipation through their presence as individuals, separate from family restrictions of that time. Images in which women are depicted smoking a cigarette, driving a car, riding horses and accompanying men on their hunting trips counter the usual way in which women were portrayed in 1920s Lebanon. The photographs can be read as a space for al-Khazen to articulate her vision of the New Woman or the Modern Girl as described by Tani Barlow in The Modern Girl Around the World. In this anthology, authors like Barlow point to the ways in which the modern girl disregards the roles of dutiful daughter, wife and mother, in seeking sexual, economic and political emancipation. Al-Khazen's photographs lead me to pose a series of questions pertaining to the representation of femininity and masculinity through the poses, reasoning, and activities adopted by women and men in the photographs. The questions which frame this study have to do with the ways in which notions of gender, class and race are inscribed within Marie al-Khazen's photographs.%%%%Marie al-Khazen est une photographe libanaise qui vecut entre 1899 et 1983. La plupart de ses photos furent prises dans les annees vingt et trente dans la region de Zgharta au Nord du Liban. Ces photos font partie de la collection de Mohsen Yammine, un collectionneur libanais. Elles sont actuellement conservees dans les archives de la Fondation de l'image Arabe a Beyrouth et sont disponibles en ligne sur le site internet de la Fondation. Le corpus d'al-Khazen est constitue d'un ensemble de photographies captivantes qui representent le quotidien de sa famille et de ses amis a Zgharta. Al-Khazen saisissait son milieu social grâce a son appareil photo. Neanmoins, elle ne se contentait pas de documenter ses excursions touristiques au Liban; elle explorait egalement les capacites techniques de son appareil photo en inventant des scenes…
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2470228797
|
Monsoon Revolution: Republicans, Sultans and Empires in Oman, 1965–1976, by Abdel Razzaq Takriti
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United Kingdom",
"display_name": "University of Exeter",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I23923803",
"lat": 50.7236,
"long": -3.52751,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Marc Valeri",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061819831"
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[
{
"display_name": "Historiography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29598333"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Monarchy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203458295"
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{
"display_name": "Nationalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C521449643"
},
{
"display_name": "Memoir",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177897776"
},
{
"display_name": "Indigenous",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55958113"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Nationalist Movement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780292708"
},
{
"display_name": "Ruler",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165743212"
},
{
"display_name": "Classics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon",
"Bahrain",
"Syria",
"Oman"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2470228797
|
The history of Arab lefts, and more broadly of popular movements that have fought for social and political revolutionary emancipation in the Middle East, remains for the most part to be written. The Dhofar Revolution in the 1960s and the 1970s, which was the longest-running popular armed struggle in the history of the Arabian Peninsula, opposed an absolute ‘monarchical-tribal order that revolved around a British-maintained ruler’ (p. 6) and an indigenous revolutionary movement organised in a Popular Front inspired by Arab nationalism and anti-colonialist ideals. With this book, Abdel Razzaq Takriti signs a brilliant chapter of this Arab history. Based on a doctoral dissertation, completed at Oxford and winner of the prestigious Middle East Studies Association of North America Malcolm Kerr Award for Best Doctoral Dissertation in the Humanities in 2011, the book claims a three-fold ambition. It aims first at historical retrieval, by providing a comprehensive analysis of the structure and dynamics of the Dhofar revolution ‘free from [its] current imprisonment in colonial accounts, counterinsurgency studies [and] official histories’ (p. 2). Indeed, the Dhofar war has been the subject of many English-language publications, in their vast majority memoirs of former British military officers serving in the Sultan’s forces or publications feeding into a Manichaean Anglo-Sultanic historiography that has portrayed the conflict as a war of freedom-fighters against anti-religious dogmatic ‘bloodthirsty Communists’ (p. 245), relying primarily on British documents. In addition to a comprehensive approach to all British material available, Takriti draws on, and provides English-speaking readers with access to, previously unexplored Arabic personal documents and interviews collected in Oman, Bahrain, Lebanon and Syria. The author gives a nuanced and complex picture, highlighting in particular the evolutions and shifts that took place within the Revolution and the conflicting British priorities and interests of London’s various administrations, political residents and consuls in the Gulf, and British advisers to the Sultan. The meticulous balance maintained by the author between colonial and revolutionary accounts and sources gives the book its invaluable richness, and makes it the definitive reference on ‘Britain’s last classic colonial war in the region’ (cover page).
|
[
{
"display_name": "The English Historical Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S56601287",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401998",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1531036795
|
Early Precursors to the Egyptian Novel
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Canada",
"display_name": "University of New Brunswick",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I106938459",
"lat": 45.948353,
"long": -66.64184,
"type": "education"
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"display_name": "Saad Elkhadem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062578951"
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[
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989"
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{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
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{
"display_name": "Rhetorical question",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562157"
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{
"display_name": "Rhyme",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777231075"
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{
"display_name": "Plot (graphics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C167651023"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Poetry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164913051"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon",
"Syria",
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1531036795
|
The contemporary Egyptian novel owes its existence to two literary sources: traditional narratives that were created in Egypt in nineteenth century by theologians, linguists, intellectuals, and poets and are related to old Arabic literary forms such as qasas and maqamah; and flawed translations, defective adaptations, and slavish imitations of European novels and romances that were done by a group of (mostly Christian) writers/translators who immigrated to Egypt from Lebanon and Syria in second half of nineteenth century. Authors of traditional narratives did not pay much attention to either plot or characters. Instead, they dealt mainly with cultural, political, historical, and philosophical questions, clung to conventional issues and conservative topics, and used a highly ornamental and rhetorical prose (which relied greatly on internal or end rhyme and is known as saj'). In contrast, writers/translators used a much simpler style and were more interested in narrating suspenseful events, placing dramatic characters at center of their works, and dealing with themes and motifs that were unfamiliar to their Muslim compatriots, such as free love, adultery, and women's emancipation. It is obvious from their writings that first group was mainly interested in educating and enlightening their readers, while second group was aiming primarily at entertaining their readers and capturing mass market. We shall start this review by looking closely at some of those traditional narratives and underlining their most striking intrinsic and extrinsic qualities. We shall also examine some of popular translations/adaptations and draw attention to their characteristics. At top of list of traditional works one finds Takhlis al-Ibriz fi Talkhis Bariz (1834) and Waqa'i' Tilmak (1867) by Rifa'ah Rafi' al-Tahtawi, 'Alam al-Din (1883) by 'Ali Mubarak, Hadith 'Isa ibn Hisham (1905) by Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, Layali Satih (1909) by Hafiz Ibrahim, and historical tales `Adhra' al-Hind (1897), Ladyas (1899), Dall wa Tayman (1899), and Waraqit al-As (1914) by Ahmad Shawqi. Takhlis al-Ibriz fi Talkhis Bariz (The Purification of Gold in a Summary Presentation of Paris) by Rifa'ah Rafi' al-Tahtawi (1801-1873) depicts educational journey of a young Egyptian man to Paris that lasted five years. After explaining reasons behind protagonist's voyage to Paris, which he regards as the capital of European culture (1) but also as the center of nihilism and pertinacity, (2) author comments on both Arabic and European cultures, and includes a considerable amount of scientific information and statistical data about Paris, its people, and its institutions. After dealing with protagonist's aspirations, author describes many intellectual and cultural obstacles he had to overcome before finishing his studies in Paris and returning home to Egypt. The theme of a young man leaving his country, facing different cultural and ideological challenges, and coming to terms with positive and negative aspects of another civilization was introduced here for first time into modern Arabic literature, and for later generations of Arab writers, this theme would prove to be most fertile. (3) Also, besides being important cultural document, Takhlis al-Ibriz is earliest bildungsroman in Egyptian literature. In addition to narrating an amusing story which depicts unusual journey, (4) author deals with protagonist's inner self and reflects upon his most intimate feelings and aspirations during his attempt to reach intellectual ideal and achieve a high educational level. Al-Tahtawi's next work, Waqa'i' Tilmak (The Battles of Telemachus), which is a free translation of Francois Fenelon's novel Telemaque (1699), is worth mentioning only because author criticizes despotic Khedive 'Abbas and his corrupt regime in a veiled manner, thus introducing roman a clef for first time into Arabic literature. …
|
[
{
"display_name": "The International Fiction Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764754378",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2084265779
|
<i>War, Foreign Affairs, and Constitutional Power: 1829-1901</i> (review)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "J. Garry Clifford",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066613753"
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[
{
"display_name": "Foreign policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C93377909"
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{
"display_name": "Proclamation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781299270"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Power (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240"
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{
"display_name": "Foreign relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44394981"
},
{
"display_name": "Vietnam War",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54589662"
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{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
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{
"display_name": "Spanish Civil War",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81631423"
},
{
"display_name": "Ratification",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776713681"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
}
] |
[
"Lebanon"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084265779
|
370CIVIL WAR HISTORY a major revision of ideas almost codified by Wilbur Cash in The Mind of the South. Harold Wilson Old Dominian University War, Foreign Affairs, and Constitutional Power: 1829-1901. By Henry Bartholomew Cox. (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1984. Pp. xx, 413. $35.00.) This thorough and meticulous book, the second volume of a comprehensive study of the war powers of the president and Congress, is sponsored by the American Bar Association. Mastering a wide array of secondary accounts, and relying especially on a close reading of the Congressional Globe and Record, Cox traces the ebb and flow of the executivecongressional struggle over foreign policy prerogatives from the era of Andrew Jackson to the Spanish-American war. The book is organized into four broad chapters covering chronological periods, but within each chapter similar issues of executive-congressional relations are treated topically, not chronologically. The use and misuse of executive agents, the sending of troops into border regions, the ratification and modification of treaties, the power of appointment and removal, the release and withholding of sensitive information—all receive as much comment and analysis as the fundamental question of who has the authority to involve the nation in war. It is to Cox's credit that he can make such an obscure episode as President Buchanan's authority to use force against Paraguay in 1858 to retaliate for the Water Witch incident as relevant as his discussion of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation or McKinley's struggle with Congress over war with Spain in the spring of 1898. In Cox's judgment, the period of continental expansion (1845-57) marked the high point of executive supremacy in foreign affairs, especially evident in the single-minded exploits of President Polk—"by far the most skillful manipulator of information" (p. 168). The nadir of executive prerogative came during the Civil War period (1857-69), most notably when Congress severely restricted Andrew Johnson's capacity as commander -in-chief and virtually denied him the power of appointment and removal. Cox acknowledges the vast wartime powers exercised by Lincoln , but points out that "Congress's ratification of executive steps taken while it was not in session was a statement of its legislative retention of authority and not release of power to the president" (p. 245). The Jacksonian era and the post-Civil War period were characterized by relatively equal contests between the Congress and the executive. Cox underlines the contemporary relevance of his study by emphasizing that the same Congress that "came the closest in history to making war on its own" (p. 330) in the spring of 1898 was clearly bested by President McKinley as he formulated a strategy for victory, shaped peace terms personally, and initiated a war of imperial conquest in the Philippines virtually without BOOK REVIEWS371 congressional dissent. The next time Congress debates the meaning of the War Powers Act with respect to American forces in Lebanon, Central America, or some other distant trouble spot, this fine record of nineteenth -century patterns should provide intellectual ammunition for both sides of the battle. J. Garry Clifford University of Connecticut Chinese in the Post Civü War South: A People Without a History. By Lucy M. Cohen. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 211. $22.50.) Some titles perfectly describe a monograph. Cohen provides a good example . The experiment by some Southern planters, who had lost confidence in the labors of freedmen, to import Chinese as an alternate source of cheap, dependable labor has never been adequately explored. Had the experiment not been a failure, a wider range of vital sources might be available. Had the author not been thus hamstrung, the story of the Chinese might become a more vivid chapter in Southern history. Antebellum Protestants developed an interest in the Chinese people through the foreign mission activities of their churches. Their physical introduction occurred when enterprising missionaries transported converts to exhibit as "curiosity pieces"—such "evidence of their accomplishments " was very effective in fundraising. Under postwar circumstances, the Chinese became "Coolies," not merely potential souls for Christ but a potential source of cheap labor as they had been on West Indian plantations and American West railroad gangs...
|
[
{
"display_name": "Civil War History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S42018803",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2117773524
|
Rvolution nationale au royaume des mres dans Qui se souvient de la mer de Mohammed Dib
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "University of California, Irvine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I204250578",
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"long": -117.82311,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Philippe Barbé",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063503745"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
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"display_name": "Mythology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519517224"
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{
"display_name": "Trilogy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776997653"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023"
},
{
"display_name": "Dialectic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C13184196"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychoanalysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1504198038",
"https://openalex.org/W1511653066",
"https://openalex.org/W1514935232",
"https://openalex.org/W1576946487",
"https://openalex.org/W1595688245",
"https://openalex.org/W1598945921",
"https://openalex.org/W1600188215",
"https://openalex.org/W2049551810",
"https://openalex.org/W2332815733",
"https://openalex.org/W2763859360"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2117773524
|
While Mohammed Dib's Algerian trilogy was still deeply rooted in realism, his 1962 novel entitled Qui se souvient de la mer granted a more significant role to dreams and mythology. Far from escaping history and drifting away from reality, the introduction of this new form of dreamlike writing permitted on the contrary the figuration of sociocultural problems raised by the FrenchAlgerian war. Starting with the homophony linking the mother (la mre) to the sea (la mer), Mohammed Dib thus introduced a material imaginary that allegorically connected the discourses on the nation and the Algerian family. It is especially when Dib establishes a dialectical tension between the primary elements of water and stone that his critique of French colonialism more clearly unveils some of the archaisms that paralyse both the Algerian society and its traditional family structure. This essay will analyse the emancipation of the woman inside the Algerian couple in the light of the revolutionary fight for national liberation as it appears in Dib's novel.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Francophone Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S64041370",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2007221679
|
The Europeanized Algerians and the emancipation of Algeria
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Salah el Din el Zein el Tayeb",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040233229"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W647772814",
"https://openalex.org/W2036525024",
"https://openalex.org/W2144798322"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007221679
|
The term 'Young Algerian' was used in the French press as early as 1911 to describe a group of politically active young Muslims of French culture. They were a small group in a small social class, the upper bourgeoisie, whose influence in the rural and proletarian masses was minimal.I This group made its first important demands for change within the framework of a French colonial system and under the sovereignty of the French government. When in 1910 the French government passed a law imposing obligatory military service on Muslims, they cheered. They saw this legislation as a sign of trust, and they wanted to be trusted by the rulers of France. They thought this would lead the French to grant Muslims political rights and equality with the Europeans. But to their disappointment, as Ageron indicates the French colonial administration in Algeria showed no interest in them.2 The most assimilationist Young Algerians were led by Dr. Benthami. They were willing to give up their religious obligations as Muslims as a prelude to gaining French political citizenship. In this context Ageron indicates that the Young Algerian movement was characterized by its assimilationist programme during the period of its first president, Dr Benthami. He represented, according to Ageron, the most assimilationist faction within the movement, and opposed Amir Khalid, who was the grandson of the nineteenth-century hero, Abd Al Kader, in the municipal elections of Algiers in November 1919.3 However, the majority of the 'Young Algerians' were led by Amir Khalid. His ideas were spread by means of a French language journal, Ikdam. In his political views, he placed himself squarely in a tradition of the 'Young Algerians'. He dared to criticize an administration that was oppressive to his fellow Muslims; but the solutions he proposed all tended towards assimilation. He wanted equality in all things between the natives and the colons. He demanded French citizenship and political equality without renouncing Al Shari'a Al Islamiya. At the same time he proclaimed that he and his associates did not refuse the duties assigned them as French subjects. They simply emphasized that the service, if imposed, should carry with it recompense. Algerians would serve under the French flag, but France must give Muslims political rights more nearly equal to those of other French citizens. The indigenat should be revoked. Natives should be taxed on the same scale as Europeans and the so called 'Arab tax' should be abandoned. Also, Muslims should have more representatives in the elected assemblies, and should be permitted to become citizens, not forced to remain subjects. Khalid's demands for justice went largely
|
[
{
"display_name": "Middle Eastern Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S164505828",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4254067840
|
The Merchants of Oran
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Joshua Schreier",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063170924"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Elite",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775987171"
},
{
"display_name": "Settlement (finance)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777063073"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Civilization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122302079"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Indigenous",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55958113"
},
{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Judaism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150152722"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Social order",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95389739"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Payment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563"
}
] |
[
"Algeria",
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4254067840
|
This book recounts the French conquest of Algeria by exploring the world of Oran’s influential Jewish merchants. Jacob Lasry, along with Mordecai Amar, Judah Sebbah and others, established themselves in this Mediterranean port after the Regency of Algiers dislodged the Spanish in 1792. They were part of a settlement hailing originally from Algerian and Moroccan cities and towns, Saharan Oases, and British Gibraltar. In newly Muslim Oran, they found opportunities to ply their trades, deal in goods brought in on caravans from the African interior, or export grain, cattle, or hides. On the eve of France’s long, chaotic, and brutal invasion of Algeria, Oran’s Jewish mercantile elite was well established, having made deals and formed partnerships with European consuls, Muslim traders, and local governors. Colonial officials and reformers boasted of bringing “emancipation” to those they called the “indigenous Jews,” but they actually depended on its mercantile elite to fund civic improvements and military campaigns, fill civic posts, and even disseminate “civilization.” As the French colonial order solidified, the merchants of Oran maintained their commercial, political, and social clout, demonstrating that the French conquest of Algeria did not instantly undo Oran’s pre-colonial order. Yet, by the 1840s, French policies began collapsing Oran’s diverse Jewish inhabitants into a single social category, legally separating Jews from their Muslim neighbors, and ranking them above Muslims in a new colonial hierarchy. France’s exclusionary process of “emancipation,” rather than older antipathies, planted the seeds of the twentieth century’s ruptures and violence.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3029371828
|
Agricultural Missionaries: The Trappists and French Colonial Policy under the July Monarchy
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "J.J. Butler",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027693138"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Monarchy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203458295"
},
{
"display_name": "Martinique",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909528719"
},
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Indigenous",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55958113"
},
{
"display_name": "Christianity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C551968917"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ethnology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2549261"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "West indies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018883866"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029371828
|
In the 1840s, the July Monarchy enlisted the Trappists to develop model farms in Algeria and Martinique. The July Monarchy wanted to remedy lackluster agricultural development in Algeria and to support the Martinique economy after emancipation. In contrast, the Trappists viewed their colonial involvement as a moral mission to regenerate an ancient center of Christianity in Algeria and to assist enslaved Martinicans succeed as free people after emancipation. This paper provides a textured picture of Catholic involvement in French colonialism by exploring the commonalities and distinctions between the goals of the Trappist missions and those of the July Monarchy, a picture that brings to light the underexplored prominence of Trappists in mid nineteenth-century France.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Catholic Historical Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S59789293",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1491653406
|
Tracing Their “Middle” Passages
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hideaki Suzuki",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021381241"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650"
},
{
"display_name": "Witness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776900844"
},
{
"display_name": "Homeland",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778880830"
},
{
"display_name": "Colonial rule",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993835690"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Ethnology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2549261"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W4301384513",
"https://openalex.org/W4366494623"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1491653406
|
This chapter describes the story of a young Fula-speaking woman known as Saaba who was sold as a slave in the Algerian Sahara in 1877. Many people had arrived in the Sahara as slaves as a result of the endemic wars that plagued the middle Niger River region in the second half of the nineteenth century. Concealing slavery was important at this time when, on one hand, colonial leaders had publically pledged themselves to abolishing slavery in Africa, and on the other, when slave-traders sold captives from Saaba's homeland, the middle Niger River region, despite the fact that they were freeborn Muslims like her. Saaba was one of many who received neither the emancipation promised by colonial rule nor the full protection and rights of the precolonial legal system. A witness and victim of criminal activities on both sides of the colonial situation, Saaba was destined to oblivion.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4327513505
|
Quelques réflexions sur l’écriture d’Assia Djebar (la femme, l’histoire, la mémoire et la langue)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Poland",
"display_name": "Pedagogical University of Kraków",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I172685059",
"lat": 50.06143,
"long": 19.93658,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Maria Gubińska",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045079395"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Inscribed figure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44074806"
},
{
"display_name": "Battlefield",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779669469"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Humanities",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
},
{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Geometry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4327513505
|
Some notes on the writing of Assia Djebar (woman, history, memory and language) The works of Assia Djebar, a French-speaking Algerian writer (1936‒2015), are a battlefield for the preservation of the history of Algeria, as well as the struggle for the emancipation of Islamic women, for the cultural diversity of Algeria and for liberation from the terror of fundamentalists. In this article, we would like to show the extent to which Djebar’s writing is inscribed in the memory, history and present day of Algeria, where women are the guardians of the past and the native language, and the language of the former colonizer is an achievement that allows to convey and preserve the deepest layers of collective memory.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Romanica Cracoviensia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210199496",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2942013577
|
« Écrire l’absence » selon Assia Djebar : Le Blanc de l’Algérie
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Maria Gubińska",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018521497"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Silence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781115785"
},
{
"display_name": "White (mutation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56273599"
},
{
"display_name": "Civilization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122302079"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
"display_name": "Humanities",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2942013577
|
The well-known French-language writer, Assia Djebar, teaches the reader to listen intently to cultural differences, inspires tolerance towards other people and touches upon the problem of the emancipation of women in the Arab-Muslim civilization.
 In her work entitled Le Blanc de l’Algérie Djebar recalls deceased Algerian intellectuals, such as Albert Camus, Frantz Fanon or Kateb Yacine, as well as cruelly murdered writers and less known persons, who proved to be important for the author
 herself (namely her friends) and for the history of Algeria. The author bemoans those absent figures, remembering their last minutes of life, their families’ despair, and the atrocity of death.
 The article is an attempt at a reflection on the problem of absence that is in dichotomy with presence. The absence of great Algerians is unbearable; it is not silence but a cry for the memory of the tragic moments in the history of the country. Those moments, when remembered, shall help understand better the painful contemporary times. Djebar in a subtle way removes a white shroud (white is the colour of mourning in the tradition of North-African countries), thus showing the reader the moving and colourful Algerian fresco.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Quêtes Littéraires",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210199559",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401248",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3010378485
|
The battle over the personal status law of 1959
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Neil MacMaster",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088071087"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Guardian",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776680780"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Battle",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778627824"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Fatherland",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777019345"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] |
[
"Algeria"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3010378485
|
While some attempts to transform the position of women involved long-term change, most notably access to education and the personal status law, leant themselves to interventionism and attempts to impose radical transformation from 'above'. This chapter looks at the issue of women's franchise and examines the marriage code. The key features of Algerian marriage law and custom on the eve of the 1959 French reform meant that young single women would have a marriage arranged for them by the father or legal guardian. After the success of the women's vote in the referendum of 28 September General Salan sent a telegram to General de Gaulle noting that the 'massive participation of Muslim women' had given a green light to the next stage of emancipation. Crucial to Algerian reactions to legal reform was the fact that through many centuries Islam had adapted to the 'ground rules' that regulated marriage strategies.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Manchester University Press eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463591",
"type": "ebook platform"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2292622931
|
OD ALŽÍRSKÉHO OSVOBOZENECKÉHO HNUTÍ K MYŠLENCE KABYLSKÉ NEZÁVISLOSTI (FROM THE ALGERIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT TO THE IDEA OF KABYLE INDEPENDENCE)
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Tereza Hyánková",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088590227"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Independence (probability theory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35651441"
},
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Mythology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519517224"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Humanities",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
},
{
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Francouzi vytvořili během kolonizace Alžirska pozitivni stereotyp vyzdvihujici Kabyly nad Araby. V odborne literatuře je tento stereotyp oznacovaný jako kabylský mýtus. Přestože za Alžirske osvobozenecke valky bojovali Kabylove a Arabove bok po boku bez odkazovani se na kolonialni etnicke stereotypy, po nezavislosti se Kabylove zacali s kabylským mýtem cim dal vice ztotožňovat. Cilem tohoto textu je analyzovat, z jakých důvodů a jakým způsobem ziskal kabylský mýtus v sebevnimani Kabylů na sile a jak ovlivnil jejich emancipacni boj a osvětlit, jakým způsobem se z Kabylů, angažovaných bojovniků za alžirskou svobodu, stali zastanci kabylske nezavislosti. Pojednano je take o tom, jakou ulohu v kabylských emancipacnich snahach hraji kabylske emigrantske komunity v zahranici. (The French, during their colonization of Algeria, developed a positive stereotype favoring Kabyles over Arabs. This stereotype is known as the Kabyle myth in academic sources. Though Kabyles and Arabs fought side by side in the Algerian War of Independence without referring to any colonial ethnic stereotypes, after gaining independence the Kabyle people started to identify themselves with the myth more and more. The aim of this text is to analyze why and how the Kabyle myth gained on strength in the Kabyles’ self-perception, how it influenced their emancipation struggle, and clarify how the Kabyles, once committed fighters for Algerian freedom, became promoters of Kabyle independence. We will also discuss what role in Kabyle emancipation efforts is played by the Kabyle emigrant communities abroad.)
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https://openalex.org/W150051246
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Les juifs de france et la grande guerre 1914-1941 : patrie - republique - memoire
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The first world war was one of decisive factors which allowed end emancipatory undertating of french revolution for first time in their history, french jews entered war in name of nation. The jewish community reigeid opportunity to show its republican feelings (on attachment to republic), to assert its patriotism; and above all to confirm its integration. In spite of fraticidal aspect of conflit as well as at home front, jews from franc and algeria showed an exapperated patrotism at all fronts for virtues of republic and greatness of civilisation. More than 8000 foreign jews enlished for france's human rights where as rabbis and intellectuels took care of propaganda at home front. Neverthoters, united front advocated in 1914 had not made antisemitism dissapear. Qualified as the spiritual family of france, by m. Barres, judaism considered that emancipation undertaking was ended. That futings will be at origin of numerous mistaky, mainty as regarded regeneration of antisemitism in twenties, and afterwords as regarding rising danger.
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https://openalex.org/W4386477574
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From Mississippi and Memphis to Mozambique: American emancipation and the evangelical struggles of Benjamin and Henrietta Ousley and Nancy Jones, “ex-slave” missionaries in “Zulu East Africa,” 1850s–1900
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ABSTRACTSoon after Emancipation a trio of formerly enslaved preachers relocated to the Portuguese colony of Mozambique. Supported by an American mission organization, their outpost named Kambini became a site of conversion and literacy. A nearby white colleague, Rev. William Wilcox, had another plan. He linked proselytization to the operation of a cashew plantation that used local labor. Having enduring plantation bondage in Mississippi, two of the three Black evangelists wanted to make Kambini a beacon of Christianity that removed the sins of slavery in “Africa … [and the] Southern States.” This article analyzes the resulting conflict between the white and Black missionaries’ aims.KEYWORDS: SlaveryOusleyZulumissionariesView correction statement:Correction AcknowledgementsI thank the following people for their trenchant insights: the anonymous readers, Natalie Zacek, Richard Elphick, Robert Edgar, Robert Vinson, Robert Houle, Dingani Mthethwa, Sven Beckert, Mxolisi Mchunu, Nadine Zimmerli, George Oberle, Wendi Manuel-Scott, Robert Gordon, Jacob Ntshangase, Eric Allina, Mpumulelo Grootboom, and Nhlanhla Mtaka.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Correction StatementThis article was originally published with errors, which have now been corrected in the online version. Please see Correction (http://doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2023.2260170)Notes1 Dwight, Sermon Delivered, 23, 26–27; Conroy-Krutz, Christian Imperialism, 3–5; Houle, African Christianity, 8–10.2 Benjamin Ousley (Ousley), Manhattan, to Judson Smith (Smith), Boston, 24/9/1884; Ousley, Inanda, to Smith, Boston, 25/11/1884; Ousley, Inhambane, to Smith, 22/12/1884; 26/8/1885; Vol. 12, Reel 186 (V12R186), Part 2, ABC: Letters from Missionaries to Africa, 1834–1919, 15.4: Southern Africa, Archives of American Board for Commissioners of Foreign Missions (ABCFM), Houghton Library, Harvard University (hereafter ABCFM HLHU); these archives include a subset, Zulu East Africa. See also Peabody, The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 20, 22, annotated manuscript, D/1/91, A608; American Board Mission Papers (1/ABM); Pietermaritzburg Archives Repository (PAR), KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa (hereafter PAR SA); Jacobs, “A Thought,” 209–14; Gilley, “Mozambique,” 95–96, 98–102; Moses, Afrotopia, 26–33; Gaines, Uplifting the Race, 33–8; Blyden, African Americans and Africa, 20, 29.3 Ousley, Kambini, to Smith, 3/6/1885; 10/1; 8/2; 1888; V12R186; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 9; ABCFM, Historical Sketch, 37; Myron Pinkerton (Pinkerton), Zanzibar, to John Means (Means), Boston, 28/7/1880; Pinkerton, Inhambane, to Means, 6/10/1880; Pinkerton, Inchanga, to Nathaniel Clark (Clark), Boston, 26/6/1877; 3/3; 4/7; 1879; Vol. 8, Reel 182 (V8R182), Part 2, ABC: Letters from Missionaries to Africa, 1834–1919, 15.4: Southern Africa, ABCFM, HLHU; letters to Smith, Means, Clark, and Elnathan Strong were sent to Boston; Meeting Minutes ECAM, 25/8/1885; Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; 3/6; 26/8/1885; 8/2; 10/1/1888; V12R186; Hermann, Joseph Davis, 54.4 Ousley to Smith, 3/6/1885; 10/1; 8/2; 1888; V12R186; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 8-9; ABCFM, Historical Sketch, 37; Benjamin Ousley, “Life Sketch of Rev. B.F. Ousley,” American Missionary (AmerMiss) 58, 9 (1904), 292. ABCFM, East; Wilcox, Restless Wing, preface (n.p.), 82–5, 132–60, 162–4; Interview William Wilcox, The Christian (London), 25/2/1909, AZM Clippings, 88, A/4/57, 1/ABM, PAR SA. AZM racism: Keto, “Race Relations,” 614, 623–4; Houle, “Brother to Native.” Analysis of “racist personal opinions” that did not prevent white evangelists from valuing “African cultures”: Elphick, Equality of Believers, 34.5 Booker T. Washington, Bishop Henry Turner, J. Jabavu, and W.E.B. Du Bois, “Report of Pan-African Conference, 23-25 July 1900,” Vol. 142, Colenso Collection, A204, PAR SA; Vinson, Americans are Coming! Fredrickson, White Supremacy; Campbell, Songs of Zion; Olsson, “South in the World”; Zimmerman, Alabama in Africa: Beckert, “Tuskegee to Togo.”6 Jacobs, “Women Missionaries,” 381–6; Jacobs, Black Americans and the Missionary Movement; Jacobs, African Nexus; Ousley, “Life Sketch”; Ousley to Smith, 25/11; Ousley to Strong, 24/3; 1884; V12R186; AmerMiss, 34, 8 (1880), 229–30.7 Campbell, Songs of Zion, ix–xi, 87, 111, 113–115, 140, 211, 216, 247, 269–70; pathbreaking studies pre- and post-Campbell include Chirenje, Ethiopianism and Cabrita, People's Zion.8 Vinson, Americans are Coming! 2–8, 30, 77.9 Daily American (Nashville), 9/3/1887; Barnes, Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic, 1,4, 122–31.10 Alonzo Edmiston went to Alabama’s Stillman and Tuskegee institutes. Althea Brown graduated from Fisk. Hill explains that the couple merged industrial education and classical studies for the benefit of African people. Edmistons' educational resources from Stillman, Tuskegee, and Fisk: Hill, Higher Mission, 2–4, 13, 30, 35, 45, 54, 57–62, 75, 102.11 Houle, African Christianity; Healy-Clancy, World of Their Own; Jorgensen, “American Zulu”; Arndt, Divided by the Word.12 Pinkerton endorsed the British view of the Anglo-Zulu War as a contest between white civilization and African savagery: Pinkerton to Clark, 3/3; 9/4; 4/7; 1879; Pinkerton, Chicago, to Means, 20/2/1880; V8R182; Missionary Herald (MHerald) 77, 3 (1881), 89; Campbell, Songs of Zion, 111; Cope, Ploughshares of War, 36. Pinkerton linked “Umzila mission” success to British intervention in ways that were similar to his brethren in the 1830s, who begged the English navy to rescue them from Zulu King Dingane’s attack on Port Natal. ABCFM evangelists returned to destroyed outposts bolstered by a stipend from Cape officials who expected the Americans to use the Bible to keep “savages quiet”: Lt-Governor Maitland, Cape Town, to Secretary of State, London, 17/6/1844, Enclosure 1, General Dispatches: Governor-Secretary of State, 1844-1846, Government House (GH) 23/15, Cape Town, Western Cape Archives (KAB); Western Cape Province, South Africa; Aldin Grout (AGrout), Umvoti, to Captain Garden, 28/3/1853, W. R. Morrison Papers, MS46, Sol Plaatjie Public Library, Kimberley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa.13 Pinkerton to Clark, 3/3; 4/7; 9/4; 10/12; 1879; V8R182; ABCFM, Historical Sketch, 13–15; MHerald 77, 3 (1881), 89.14 When an Angolan king threatened the WCAM, Miller attributed the aggression to rumors that Americans kidnapped “the young,” implying that this assumption was not unreasonable: Miller, Bihe, Angola, Report to Hampton Institute, reprinted in Southern Workman, 1/3/1881. Miller may have been an emancipated slave of Ovimbundu (ethnic) descent: Davis IV, “Beer, Blood and the Bible,” 11, 90–1.15 Miller, Benguela, Angola, to anonymous, Hampton, 11/8/1884, in Southern Workman, 1/11/1884; Miller, Bailundu, Angola, to Samuel Armstrong, Hampton, 25/6/1883, in the Southern Workman, 1/12/1883; Soremekun, “Board Missions in Angola,” 74; MHerald 79, 10 (1883), 272; Spivey, Schooling for the New Slavery, 17. During the early 1880s, Nathaniel Clark, ABCFM’s Corresponding Secretary responsible for the expansion of “self-support[ing] . . . churches,” broadened mission school instruction to encompass vocational training, but did not call this approach industrial education: Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 224–5. Black missionaries in twentieth-century colonial Africa increasingly adopted industrial education: Elphick, Equality of Believers, 134–5; Barnes, Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic; Hill, Higher Mission.16 Conroy-Krutz, Christian Imperialism, 47, 151–67, 178; Jorgenson, “American Zulu,” 244–7. Before going to Africa, Wilson manumitted many of the bondspeople he owned, but not his enslaved boy attendant, whose family resided in “one of the free [US] States.” This child was to be shipped to Liberia against his will and in an apparent display of defiance the child exhibited “a disposition to be vicious” that caused complications, Wilson told associates: John Wilson, Gaboon River, to Rufus Anderson (Anderson), Boston, 23/1/1843; reprinted in DuBose, Memoirs of Rev. John Leighton Wilson, 100–3, 104, 137; Wilson, Western Africa, 506; Soremekun, “Religion and Politics in Angola,” 342; Ball, “Three Crosses,” 340.17 In detailing the “climate” hazards, Lindley boasted that his prior American experiences enabled him to survive Lourenço Marques. He had ministered to Presbyterian slaveowners in North Carolina and visited his wife's family in the (malarial) low country, where people knew how to evade tropical diseases. Interestingly, Lindley did not mention a supplier of Mozambican ivory, King Dingane, or the punishments this Zulu monarch exacted on Portuguese authority after being cheated of the “saguate”—a gift honoring his status. In 1833, Dingane attacked the ungrateful governor Dionísio Ribeiro. Zulu soldiers killed Ribeiro, removed his heart, and toted it 600 kilometers to their capital: Daniel Lindley (Lindley), Bethelsdorp (Cape), to Anderson, 31/12/1838; Lindley and Henry Venable, Port Natal, to Anderson, 16/9/1837; Aldin Grout (AGrout), Holden, Massachusetts, to Anderson, 27/6/1838; Vols. 1-2 [Vol. 179], Reel 174; ABCFM, HLHU; AGrout, Cape Town, to Elnathan Davis, 12/3/1835, Aldin Grout Papers (MS 797), Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries; Smith, Life and Times of Daniel Lindley, 30–61, 413–20; Chewins, “Stealing Dingane's Title.”18 Pinkerton to Clark, 10/12/1879; Pinkerton to Means, 20/2; 10/3; 1880; V8R182. Erskine believed Mzila’s father, Soshangane, was Zulu but this Gaza ancestor came from the Nxumalo clan which allied with the Ndwandwe polity, a rival of King Shaka: Erskine, “Journey to Umzila's,” 45, 70, 98; Wright, “Rediscovering the Ndwandwe,” 217–38; Harries, Work, Culture, 3–4, 19–27, 69.19 During Pinkerton’s journey, he wrote that isiZulu was the lingua franca of Gazaland. A variant of that language was spoken in Mzila’s court: Pinkerton to Clark, 26/6/1877; 3/3; 4/7; 1879; Pinkerton to Means, 28/5; 24/8; 6, 22/10; 1880; V8R182; MHerald 77, 3 (1881), 88–94; Means, Umzila’s Kingdom, 4, 16; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 3–5, 19. AZM knowledge of isiZulu language: Arndt, Divided by the Word, 1–37, 121–55.20 Wilcox, African Jungle, 5; Erwin Richard (Richards), Inhambane, to Means, 14/4; 10/5; 16/ 6; 1881; Richards, Inanda, to Means, 4/1; 23/6; 1882; V12R186; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 326-27; ABCFM, East Central African, 6; Allina, Slavery by Any Other Name, 20.21 Wilcox, African Jungle, 17; Gilley, “Mozambique,” 95; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 6–8. Outlawed by the Iberian Crown in 1878, slave trading continued to stimulate the Mozambican economy because Portuguese administrators, on the sly, benefited from the banned commerce. They were loath to embargo ships transporting captives to Indian Ocean-island plantations, after pocketing bribes from boat captains: Campbell, “East African Slave,” 16; Harries, “Slavery, Social Incorporation.”22 Ousley, “Life Sketch,” 292; Ousley to Smith, 25/11; Ousley to Strong, 24/3; 1884; V12R186; AmerMiss, 34, 8 (1880), 229–30; Mather, Who’s Who of the Colored, 209. Ousley’s mother was Charlotte Riggins; he was named after his father.23 B.F. Ousley, “A Town of Colored People in Mississippi,” AmerMiss 58, 9 (1904), 295; Ousley, “Life Sketch,” 292, 304.24 Manning, “Working for Citizenship,” 190–3; Ousley, “Life Sketch,” 293; Taylor, Embattled Freedom.25 Benjamin Ousley, “Life Sketch,” 293; AmerMiss 46, 9 (1892), 304; AmerMiss 39, 3 (1885), 82; AmerMiss 46, 10 (1892), 340; African Repository, 57, 8 (1881), 109; Ousley paid tuition with a loan from the American Missionary Association: Thomas Steward, Nashville, to Benjamin Ousley, Glencoe, Mississippi, 20/5/[1874], American Missionary Association Archives, 1839-1882 (AMAA), Amistad Research Center, Tulane University (ARCTU), New Orleans; Zion's Herald (Boston), 83, 5 (1905), 140; Ousley to Smith, 16/12/1885, V12R186. The AMA also subsidized Howard University and Hampton Institute: Richardson, Christian Reconstruction, 123, 134, 293; Engs, Educating the Disfranchised, 69-73; Washington learned his precepts from Armstrong as a member of the Hampton class of 1875: Spivey, Schooling for New Slavery, 52-53; Elphick, Equality of Believers, 134-35; Barnes, Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic, 48-49, 85-86. Hoping to be remembered by “his General,” Miller sent fan mail to Armstrong that narrated Congregational proselytizing in Southern Africa, a subject they both knew well. Armstrong came of age in a Maui ABCFM household with his pastor father keeping abreast of Board evangelists in Natal: Carton, “From Hampton,” 62-63; Beyer, “Connection of Samuel Chapman Armstrong.”26 Daily American, 27/5/1881.27 Maxfield, “Organic Sin,” 111–12. The ABCFM was reluctant, even after the Civil War, to alienate donors of the Southern plantocracy: Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 206; Ousley, “Life Sketch,” 293; Cannon, Record of Service, 26–39.28 The money Ousley earned for cleaning Oberlin’s Council Hall, a center of theological discourse, helped cover his seminary costs: Ousley, Oberlin, to Rev. Roy, New York, 6/10/1882, AMAA, ARCTU.29 Ousley to Strong, 24/3; 24/5; 1884; Richards to Means, 23/6/1882; the AZM considered posting Pixley to the Gaza “kingdom”: Richards to Means, 14/4/1881; V12R186; AmerMiss 39, 3 (1885), 82; Pinkerton supported John Nembula’s enrollment in Pixley’s Natal “normal” school: Pinkerton, Umtwalumi, to Clark, 17/7/1875; 6/1/1873; Stephen Pixley, Lindley, Natal, to Clark, 18/1/1878; V8R182; Etherington, Preachers, Peasants, 1–5; Houle, African Christianity, 62, Jackson, “Experimentation of Nembula,” 8–20; Vinson and Edgar, “Zulus Abroad,” 56; Digby, “Early Black Doctors,” 448.30 The historical record is not forthcoming about why Ousley came to the attention of the Board.31 New York Times, 10/11/1883; Washington Post, 4/11/1883; lynching: New York Times, 13/8/1883; Washington Post, 13/8/1883; Chicago Daily Tribune, 14/8/1883. Congress investigated the Danville shooting and issued a major report as Ousley graduated from Oberlin: Senate, US Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Privileges and Elections: Alleged Outrages in Virginia, May 27, 1884 (48th Congress, 1st Session, Report 579), LIII-LV, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LCDC); Dailey, “Deference and Violence,” 560–1, 564; Hahn, Nation Under Our Feet, 404, 410. Oberlin alumni and Black student links to Danville: Fairchild, Oberlin the Colony and College, 168; Oberlin College, Seventy-Fifth Anniversary, 504, 734; Minority Student Records Oberlin College, https://libguides.oberlin.edu/c.php?g=1103249&p=8043468, accessed 14/5/2021; Oberlin Review 21, 30 (1894), 11. Confederate-occupied Danville sheltered Jefferson Davis after he fled Richmond, Virginia, in 1865.32 Ousley to Strong, 24/5; 5/6; 1884; Ousley to Smith, 8/2/1888; V12R186.33 Ousley to Strong, 24/5/1884, V12R186; Henrietta Ousley (HOusley), Kambini, to Fisk, Nashville, 11/11/1886; reprinted in Daily American, 14/2/1887; Henrietta Bailey, “A Study of the Negro Family,” no. 268, Questionnaire 1905, Department of Social Science, Fisk University, Moorland-Spingarn (Library) Research Center, Howard University, Washington, DC (I thank Robert Vinson for this source); Cleveland Gazette, 23/8; 13/9; 1884; Grimshaw, Paths of Duty, xxi–xxii, 113. In Henrietta Ousley’s ABCFM application, pragmatic reasons are given for her decision to join the ECAM. She singled out Benjamin Ousley’s proposal to “share with him the life of a foreign missionary”: Jacobs, “Women Missionaries,” 382–3. The Ousley-Bailey union epitomized Black American marriage as a “first rite” of freedom: Hunter, Bound in Wedlock, 123.34 Ousley, Oberlin, to Strong, 5/6/1884; Ousley to Smith, 25/10/1886; V12R186; AmerMiss 46, 9 (1892), 304–5; Chapman, History of Knox, 203–11.35 Ousley, Knoxville, Illinois, to Strong, 23/8/1884; Ousley, Manhattan, to Smith, 24/9; 22/12; 1884; Ousley to Strong, 24/3/1884; V12R186; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 3-7. Rev. Ousley would write the Board on behalf of his wife. Records of their African experiences do not contain a collection of letters from Henrietta (Bailey) Ousley. She was a prose stylist, as her few publications and one 1905 research questionnaire make clear: Bailey, “Study of the Negro.” The letters of other AZM wives who wrote the Board are in the ABCFM archives at Harvard University. See for example: Mary Pinkerton, Umzumbe, to Clark, 21/2/1879, V12R182.36 Ousley to Smith, 25/11/1884; Ousley to Smith, 3/3/1888; V12R186.37 MHerald 81, 12 (1885), 509; AmerMiss 43, 7 (1889), 185; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 8; Ousley to Smith, 4/2; 3/6; 16/12; 1885; 10/1/1888; V12R18; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 338.38 William Wilcox (Wilcox), Pres[ident] East Central African Mission, and Richards, Secretary East Central African Mission, Makodweni, to Smith, 22/9; Wilcox and Richards, to Smith, 16/10; Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; 3/6; 19/10; 1885; 15/11/1886; Wilcox occasionally signed “Chairman” after his name: Wilcox to Smith, 24/2/1886; V12R186; MHerald 81, 4 (1885), 136; ABCFM, Historical Sketch, 39; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 334–5; Harries, Work, Culture, 1, 3–4; Harries, “Exclusion, Classification, and Internal Colonialism,” 83, 86.39 Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884, V12R186; MHerald 81, 12 (1885), 508. Pioneering Black American “travelers to South[ern] Africa” grappled with haunting memories of the Middle Passage: Vinson, Americans are Coming! 2–3, 6–7, 77–8; Hartman, “Time of Slavery,” 758–60.40 Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; 4/2; 3/6; 26/8; 1885; 2/8; 26/8; 16/12/1886; 30/5/1889; Ousley, Annual Tabular for the Year East Central African Mission, 31/August-31/December; 1887; Report Wilcox and Richards, to Smith, 22/9/1885; Cetewayo Goba served the ECAM until “fever” (malaria) forced his return to Durban; Richards, Mongwe, to Smith, 3/7/1885; 12/9/1887; Wilcox, Adams, Natal, to Smith, 23/11/1886; V12R186; MHerald 82, 2 (1886) 62; Statement of Zephaniah Goba, 8/11/1937, Estate of Cetywayo Goba Otherwise Known Cetshwayo Klaas Goba, No. 23925; 23925/1936; Master of Supreme Court Estates, PAR SA; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 249, 347; Hughes, First President, 38; Healy-Clancy, World of Their Own, 50. Maziyana Mdima, a male isiZulu-speaking ECAM helper and lay preacher from Inanda, also worked for Richards.41 Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; 4/2/1885; 3/6; 2/8; 1885; MHerald, 79 11, (1883), 488–9; Wilcox to Smith, 23/11/ 1886; Ousley condemned Portuguese mistreatment of Africans: Ousley to Smith, 8/2/1888; V12R186; AmerMiss 44, 12 (1890), 420; Harries, Work, Culture, 24–5, 41–3, 52–3, 142–3.42 Ousley to Smith, 3/6; 4/2; 1885; 10/1; 8/2; 1888; Wilcox to Smith, 23/11/1886; ECAM Semi-annual Report Beginning June First and Ending December First, 1886; V12R186; the deeds request extended to Mongwe station.43 Hughes, First President, 37; Wilcox, “Joint Stock Company Offer Zulu Industrial Improvement Co.,” 1/ABM, PAR SA; Keita, Cemetery Stories; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 240, 250, 259; Kumalo, “Meeting the Cowboy.”44 Wilcox, Restless Wing, preface (n.p.), 82–5, 132–64; Stout, Montana, 1125; John Clagett, Last Will and Testament, 17/5/1788; recorded 17/11/1790; folio 428, liber B, Register of Wills, Records Division Montgomery County, Maryland.45 Stout, Montana, 1125; Smurr, “Jim Crow Out West,” 153–6, 160–3, 167–9; McMillen, “Border State Terror,” 213–15; Behan, “Forgotten Heritage,” 27, 29–30; Wilcox, Restless Wing, preface, 162–4; Davison, “1871: Montana’s Year.”46 Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; 3/6; 26/8; 1885; 10/1; 8/2; 1888; V12R186; Williams, Black Americans and the Evangelization, 118. Ousley presented critiques of the plantation to colleagues who believed “the natives” needed work discipline to learn how diligence strengthened piety. This idea informed AZM Rev. Josiah Tyler who contrasted his converts with “negroes” to denote the “former as a race” with the physical and mental potential to survive Western modernity: Tyler, Forty Years, 188–9. The Ousleys came from Black American communities that faced the opinions of Social Darwinists who predicted Africans were headed for extinction: Barnes, Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic, 17.47 Attentive to the “native role” in station dynamics, the Ousleys allied with a local “chief of Kambini” who gave the couple one “of his [two] huts” and desired to hear “prayers for . . . Gitonga” children: Ousley to Smith, 3/6; 26/8; 19/10; 1885; 20/8/1887; 10/1/1888; 17/10/1889; Nancy Jones (Jones), Kambini, to Smith, 10/1/1889; V12R186; MHerald 82, 2 (1886), 63.48 Ousley to Smith, 3/6/1885; 10/1; 8/2; 1888; Ousley, Kambini, to Richards [Mongwe], 20/10/1886 (filed 24/7/1889); V12R186; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 9; ABCFM, Historical Sketch, 37; phone communications between Benedict Carton and Eltea Lambert, 29/11; 30/11/2018, Mississippi.49 Natal Witness, 9/2/1849; Natal Times, 29/8/1851; AGrout, Umvoti, to Anderson, 13/6/1850; Lewis Grout (LGrout), Umsunduzi, to Anderson, 7/2/1851; 7/10/1859; Vol. 5, Reel 176; DLindley, Inanda, to Anderson, 16/10/1855; Vol. 4, Reel 175; General Letter of American Zulu Mission, Port Natal, 10/5/1862, newspaper cuttings, 23/5/1861; Interview Rev. Lewis Grout, ca. 1861; Vol. 6, Reel 177; ABCFM, HLHU; Notes Compiled from Missionary’s Original MS, Sketch of the Origins of the Native Tribes Now Dwelling in the Natal Colony, August 1852, Folder 3, Lewis Grout Personal Papers, GEN ABC 76, HLHU (ABC 76 contains papers that are not microfilmed); Houle, African Christianity, 2, 49, 54; Houle, “Brother to Native,” 48.50 Wilcox, Restless Wing, 163; Wilcox, African Jungle, 39, 201–4. The Board reported stories published in the Southern Workman, Hampton’s newspaper, about the widowed “Mrs. Armstrong. . . return[ing] to this country” (from Maui) and joining her headmaster son to instruct “the colored race” in Virginia: MHerald 77, 3 (1881), 85. In the twentieth century, the AZM incorporated the “Hampton-Tuskegee idea . . [of] industrial and civilizing ideologies”: Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 350, 453–4.51 Spivey, Schooling for the New Slavery, 16–18; Barnes, Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic, 47.52 Wilcox to Smith, 21/11/1986; Report of Makodweni Mission Station Sept. ’85 – Sept. ’86; ECAM Semi-annual Report June First and Ending December First, 1886; V12R186; Gilley, “Mozambique,” 97; ABCFM, Central African Mission, 10–11; MHerald 83, 3 (1887), 92; Interview Wilcox, The Christian, 25/2/1909, AZM Clippings, 88, A/4/57, 1/ABM, PAR SA. Makodweni “inquirers” attended literacy classes: Interview Wilcox, The Christian, 25/2/1909, AZM Clippings, 88, A/4/57, 1/ABM, PAR SA.53 HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Daily American, 14/2/1887.54 Richards to Means, 4/1/1882; Ousley to Smith, 25/10/1886; Gaza regiments destroyed ECAM property and routed colonial troops in 1886. ECAM evangelists escaped this attack by dashing to a ship offshore (their brethren did this during Zulu King Dingane’s reign): Natalian, 13/11/1886; Ousley said Gaza “warriors” were “superior to . . . soldiers . . . with ‘musket[s]’”: Ousley to Smith, 15/11/1886; V12R186; HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Daily American, 14/2/1887. After King Mzila’s death in late 1884, his successor Gungunhane sent regiments to seize women and children and gift these captives to allies of his deceased father. Gaza raiding in the early years of the ECAM: Newitt, History of Mozambique, 336, 349–53.55 Phipps, William Sheppard, 6–15, 98–103, 112; 15–17, 119, 189–91; Wilson, Western Africa, 506; Campbell, Middle Passages, 165–6; Carton, “From Hampton,” 58, 66–70, Turner, “A ‘Black-White’ Missionary”; Newitt, History of Mozambique, 330–6, 348, 352–62.56 Daily American, 14/2/1887; MHerald 82, 2 (1886), 63; HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Jones to Smith, 10/1/1889; V12R186; Flint, Healing Traditions, 126–7, 130–1, 139; Cadwallader and Wilson, “Folklore Medicine,” 217–7; Gomez, Country Marks, 56–7; Mitchem, Folk Healing, 54–8, 135. Benjamin Ousley recognized that enslaved people from southeast Africa shaped Black American cultures: Ousley to Strong, 23/8/1884; Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; V12R186. AME African faith healing in antebellum Mississippi: Interview, George Johnson, Mound Bayou, Mississippi, 9/1941, recorded by Dr. Johnson, L. Jones, J. Work, and E. and A. Lomax, Side A and Side B, AFS t4778A, AFS t4779B, Fisk University Mississippi Delta Collection, 1941-1943, AFC 1941/002, American Folklife Center, LCDC.57 When Henrietta Ousley classified “charms” conferring protection on “the natives,” her descriptions conveyed ethnographic information rather than censure: MHerald, 79 11, (1883), 448-49; Miller, Bailundu, to Samuel Armstrong, Hampton, 25/6/1883 in the Southern Workman, 1/12/1883; Sorekemun, “Board Missions in Angola,” 74; Dulley, “Chronicles of Bailundo,” 732–3.58 HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Daily American, 14/2/1887; exasperation emerged in Benjamin Ousley’s circulars to the Board, relating how Henrietta “found . . .[that] females” were “harder to” save because they were “satisfied with their . . . lot” as cultivators: Ousley to Smith, 29/5/1889, V12R186; Jacobs, “A Thought,” 211; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 348. Benjamin Ousley said polygamy made African women “little more than slaves”: Williams, Black Americans and the Evangelization, 112. Ousley’s list of sins resembled the AZM “Umsunduze Rules” of devout “purity”: Houle, African Christianity, 99–100.59 ECAM Semi-annual Report June First and December First, 1886; Ousley to Smith, 26/8/1885; V12R186. Scholars researching industrial missions in Portuguese- and British-ruled Southern Africa might compare and contrast the Makodweni cashew farm to the Magomero coffee plantation in Nyasaland (Malawi). In the 1890s Magomero was a site of racist abuse. The “estate” manager William Livingstone, a relative of David Livingstone, was beheaded by workers in a 1915 anti-colonial revolt. This manager had brutally treated Africans and assaulted chained workers: White, Magomero, 82–7. There is no evidence that Rev. Wilcox ever committed such abuses.60 ECAM Report and Meeting Minutes, Mongwe, to Smith, 25/8/1886; Ousley to Smith, 20/8/1887; 10/1/1888; Ousley, Annual Tabular for the Year East Central African Mission, 31 August–31 December, 1887; V12R186; MHerald 83, 4 (1887), 142; Jorgensen, “American Zulu,” 326-29.61 ECAM Report and Meeting Minutes, 25/8/1886; Ousley to Strong, 24/5/1884; Ousley to Smith, 23/2; 20/8; 1887; 10/1; 8/2; 3/3; 14/5; 27/8; 13/10; 1888; 19/8; 13/12; 1889; Dr. Binkerhoff, Upper Sandusky, Ohio, to Smith, 13/10/1888; “the [plantation] work” of Makodweni “discontinued” after Wilcox’s resignation: Francis Bates, Mongwe, to Smith, 2/11/1888; V12R186; Gilley, “Mozambique,” 97.62 Research into Mr. Johnson’s identity led to Eltea Lambert, a retired Mississippi educator “familiar with Benjamin Forsyth Ousley.” Lambert recalled a family memory of Ousley’s letters from [the] Africa circulating in the town of Mound Bayou. “[F]rom Ousley’s kin,” Lambert learned “that Johnson mentioned was a plantation slave, . . . gone to Africa . . . [and] English churches.” Lambert’s relatives helped establish Mound Bayou’s “Normal Institute, Green Grove . . . First Baptist” church, and Bethel AME: phone communications between Benedict Carton and Eltea Lambert, 29/11; 30/11/2018, Mississippi. Black missionary letters circulating in home networks: Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 105. In London, Rev. Johnson and King Cetshwayo likely spoke through the interpreter Lazarus Xaba, a convert known to ABCFM amakholwa in Inanda and Umtwalumi: Testimony of Lazarus Xaba, 4/5; 9/5/1910, Webb and Wright, James Stuart Archive, 326–30; 352–5, 358; “Cetywayo’s Interviews with the Earl of Kimberley, Colonial Office, London, 7, 15, 17 and 24 August 1882,” Telegrams to and from South Africa, 1 January to 31 December 1882, Colonial Office, CO 879/19/1, National Archives of United Kingdom, London. Queen Victoria interviewed Cetshwayo in August 1882: Theron, “Cetshwayo in Victorian England,” 83–5.63 Johnson, Twenty-Eight Years a Slave, 98; Killingray, “Black Atlantic Missionary,” 5, 16; Sorekemun, “Board Missions in Angola,” 72–3; Chicago Herald, 15/12/1887; Johnson’s autobiographical oratory: Bailey, “Divided Prism,” 381–4, 399–400. Johnson preached Ethiopianism in America and Africa. US-inspired Ethiopianism in colonial South Africa: Campbell, Songs of Zion, 103–16, 140–52; Chirenje, Ethiopianism and Afro-Americans, 1–2, 14–17, 96–106; Carton and Vinson, “Ethiopia Shall Stretch,” 59–61.64 HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Daily American, 14/2/1887; Jones, Memphis, to Smith, 26/9; 5/10; 10/10; 1/11; 14/11; 1887; V12R186; Jacobs, “A Thought,” 209–12; Williams, Black Americans and the Evangelization, 87; Goings and Smith, “Duty of the Hour,” 132–6; Giddings, Ida, A Sword, 49–51, 76, 88–9, 219–21, 236–8. As a child, Wells was enslaved in Mississippi.65 Jones, Umzumbe, to Smith, 2/5/1888, V12R186; Freeman, 5/2/1898; Daily American, 9/6/1890; The Tennessean, 8/6/1891.66 Daily American, 9/6/1890; The Tennessean, 8/6/1891; Ousley to Smith, 8/2/1888; 19/8/1889; V12R186; F. S. Tatham, The Race Conflict in South Africa: An Enquiry into the General Question of Native Education (Pietermaritzburg: Munro Bros, 1894), 4-8, 10, 26-7, Vol. 323, Natal Society Special Collection, Alan Paton Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ousley to Smith, 8/2/1888; 19/8/1889; V12R186.67 AmerMiss 48, 7 (1894), 255; AmerMiss 58, 9 (1904), 300; Freeman, 13/5/1895; Jacobs, “A Thought,” 212–13. Mound Bayou produced cotton, sugar, and millet: Willis, Forgotten Time, 74. The American Missionary Association financed Montgomery: Booker Washington, “A Town Owned by Negroes: Mound Bayou, Miss, An Example of Thrift and Self-government,” World's Work 14 (1907), 9125-34.68 Freeman, 5/2/1898; Jones to Smith, 10/1/1889; V12R186; Jacobs, “A Thought,” 213–14.69 Ousley to Smith, 10/1; 8/2; 1888; V12R186.70 Ousley to Smith, 29/5/1889, V12R186; HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Daily American, 14/2/1887.71 Wilcox, Restless Wing, 163; Wilcox, African Jungle, 39, 201–4; HOusley to Fisk, 11/11/1886; Daily American, 14/2/1887.72 MHerald 81, 12 (1885), 508; Cleveland Gazette, 17/8/1889; Freeman, 17/8/1889; Jacobs, “A Thought,” 213; Ousley, “Life Sketch,” 293; Ousley, Annual View 31 August–31 December, 1887; Ousley to Smith, 22/12/1884; 29/5; 30/5; 1889; V12R186.73 AmerMiss 48, 7 (1894), 255; Freeman, 13/5/1895; Ousley to Smith, 8/2/1888; 19/8/1889; V12R186.74 Freeman, 5/2/1898.Additional informationNotes on contributorsBenedict CartonBenedict Carton is a faculty member in the African and African American Studies Program and the School of Integrative Studies at George Mason University, Virginia, USA. He is also Associate Director of the Center for Mason Legacies: https://legacies.gmu.edu/
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https://openalex.org/W2021775183
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Modern Tajiki Persian: Gharbzadagi of a Different Kind
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The leader of the Iranian Revolution Āyat Allāh Rūḥ Allāh Khumaynī has strongly condemned what he considers had been a slavish imitation of the West under the overthrown Pahlavī dynasty and coined the neologism Gharbzadagī (literally “Weststrickenness”). He has called for a cultural as well as political emancipation from Western dominance. So far this emancipation has not extended to a purification of the Persian language from the numerous French loanwords which had entered it during the last sixty years. Thus the newspaper Jumhūrī-i Islāmī (“Islamic Republic”) has the subtitle Urgān-i Ḥizb-i Jumhūrī-ī Islāmī (“Organ of the Islamic Republican Party”). Urgān is of course French organe. Even more striking is the use of the term kumītah or komiteh by the revolutionary committees, usually presided by Muslim clergy, which have taken over the functions of local government in Iran. Again, kumītah is the French comité. While not many Iranian mullahs know French, or any Western language, they cannot be unaware of the Western origin of these words. We should not be surprised therefore if in the near future we witness a movement to expel from the Persian language the Western loanwords, most of all from official terminology. Most likely they will be replaced by words of Arabic rather than pure Persian origin in view of the regime's identification with Islam rather than ancient Persian culture.
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The State Against the State: The Theory and Practice of the Coup D'Etat
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Theories of coup d'etat coup d'etat and the failure of idealism - the case of Haremheb coup d'etat and political reform - the oligarchic coup in Classical Athens coup d'etat and political stabilization - proscription in Republic Rome coup d'etat and self-preservation - the pre-emptive strike in late Republican Rome coup d'etat and the seizure of power - political murder in Imperial Rome coup d'etat and dynastic change - succession and the Wars of the Roses coup d'etat and the political foil - the case of Lady Jane Grey coup d'etat as a perennial hazard - Japan and Mughal India coup d'etat at subterfuge - The Night of the Long Knives coup d'etat and political revenge - Paul of Yugoslavia coup d'etat and the presumption of power - the case of Admiral Darlan coup d'etat and military expediency - Colonel Nasser and the New Order in Egypt coup d'etat and political emancipation - post-war problems in West Africa coup d'etat and religious revival - the Shah and Islamic fundamentalism in Iran coup d'etat and despotism - the Trujillo era excurses - the coup and organized crime in the USA.
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https://openalex.org/W2125975986
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Rethinking the Hellenistic Gulf: The New Greek Inscription from Bahrain
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[
"Bahrain"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125975986
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Abstract The recent discovery in Bahrain of a Greek inscription, dating to the 120s BC, transforms our understanding of the Arab-Persian Gulf in the Hellenistic period. The inscription, recording the dedication of a shrine to the Dioskouroi on behalf of the first independent king of Characene, indicates that Bahrain was a garrisoned node within the Seleucid Empire and the centre of the previously unknown archipelagic administrative district ‘Tylos (Bahrain) and the Islands’. Seleucid and Characenian control of Bahrain is placed within the longue durée political history of relations between southern Mesopotamia and Dilmun. The cultic dedication to the Dioskouroi traces the consciously Hellenizing modalities of Characenian emancipation from the Seleucid Empire and the development of a coherent maritime religious network in the Gulf.
|
[
{
"display_name": "The Journal of Hellenic Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S45659824",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W82674116
|
Transformation as Emancipation
|
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Poland",
"display_name": "University of Warsaw",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4654613",
"lat": 52.22977,
"long": 21.01178,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Jacek Kurczewski",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027398556"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Emancipation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
},
{
"display_name": "Transformation (genetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204241405"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
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{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684"
}
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[
"Yemen",
"Somalia"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W2023792389",
"https://openalex.org/W2798867572"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W82674116
|
Polish transformation from communism is interpreted with help of the concept of emancipation. Emancipation means acquiring the full citizenship status and relevant rights for collective as well as individual actors. This process is traced in three areas: body, property and self-expression which are then linked to the social theory of rights. The contradiction between privatization of big industry and extinction of the economic participation is pointed out as the basic for the process after 1989. Categories used to describe what happened in 1989 and after provide the superficial classification of the case. What happened was the transformation, from communism to capitalism, from command economy to market, from totalitarianism to democracy. No doubt, for some it was the direction, though for many the change was not directed. The events like Polish vote in June 1989 or Rumanian riots on the city squares are not directed forward, they are directed against. The system or its personification is removed and the direction is not clear. Ten years after 1989 the post-communist world is so heterogeneous that the category itself is doubtful. The 1989 de-communization of Europe and related de-sovietization of Eurasia should be supplemented by the more global perspective that would entail the failure of Marxist rule in Afghanistan, Ethiopia and Somalia as well as the transformation of regimes in Nicaragua, Yemen, Mozambique, Angola, Congo and Cambodia. People's Republic of China, North Korea, Vietnam, and Cuba remain at the moment the self-acknowledged legacy to the old global Marxist movement but their mutual independence testifies to the process of emancipation as well. Apart from the unrepented Party-States, the neo-authoritarianism of countries in Central Asia or Belarus has to be confronted with consolidated new democracies of Central Eastern Europe, while Russia remains enigmatic as ever influencing thus her sister Ukraine and some other countries are drifting amongst these tendencies. Whatever the orientation or the lack of it, the common point is the liberation. Even where de-communization was unexpected and not pressed for, it widened the freedom. While some Soviet republics were struggling for their independence, Author's Address: Institute for Applied Social Sciences, University of Warsaw; Nowy Swiat 69, 00-046 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] This content downloaded from 40.77.167.36 on Mon, 25 Jul 2016 04:33:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 198 JACEK KURCZEWSKI the other were not, but they have got it, even if unwilling, so they had to face the new reality as having more freedom to decide even if less means to implement any decision taken. One has at least to decide on the colors of the flag or on the image of the new post stamps, and even if these decisions are taken grudgingly they create the significant social facts. The simple decentralization of such decisions would suffice for plurality that was emerging after the 1989 fall of the Soviet Global System or Socialist Camp as it was officially called and its smaller mirror versions like Yugoslavia. To this one should add the differences that were partly visible, mostly hidden under the old system as well as desire to keep on one's own track which was to the varied degree present in the countries concerned, sometimes even amongst its ruling communist elites. This is already one important aspect of the emancipation as understood sociologically to express oneself and to express one's identity, even if this identity has to be construed in haste as in the case of new nations or newly independent nations. Only one case was in opposite direction the GDR identity cultivated by the Party apparatus for decades had suddenly fall apart, the emancipation in the East German case meant the freedom to become simply German back again. Political freedom meant, however, possible the public expression of the 'Ossies' peculiarity as contrasted with 'Wessies,' though to what extent these quasi-tribal differences will continue is hard to tell. Differentiation continued even in cases where the expectation of the re-unification seemed well-founded independent Moldova has not joined Rumania. So, heterogeneity that shocked Western observers for the second time in this century as in the aftermath of the World War I became the inevitable consequence of the emancipation process finalized when the dominant nation Russia emancipated herself from the Union, something which unfortunately has not happened with Yugoslavia-Serbia complex. There are three possible ways of looking at the events started in 1989. (1) One is to impose upon what happened in the uniform political interpretation: transformation is the process of changing the communist system into something new and there is inherent difficulty in expressing the new reality. In the old language this is capitalism and bourgeois democracy. Instead the more neutral words are used like democracy and market. This is the shallow level as we take the rethorics of the 1989 into consideration. The problem is that what is sincere in 1989 may not seem so afterwards. 1989 was about the human rights and civil liberties election rights, freedom of association (delegalized Solidarity in Poland), freedom of movement (GDR citizens in Hungary). The project is not clear at the beginning, counterrefolution is gradual, people would not die for capitalism neither recreation of the free enterprise. The developments in all countries of the Communist bloc are seen as bloc process, the disintegration and change are supposedly undergoing the general process, even if withdrawal of Soviet power is leaving different social and political landscape in various parts of the empire. Ethiopia and This content downloaded from 40.77.167.36 on Mon, 25 Jul 2016 04:33:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANSFORMATION AS EMANCIPATION 199 Somalia were parts of this empire for short time, certainly what is left there is different from Kyrghyzstan and Mongolia, and these differ from Hungary and Poland. De-comm un i zati on and de-sovietization are, however, the common feature and one can engage in the comparative analysis at this level. (2) The opposite approach is to put all stress on the differences. The heterogeneity underlying the homogeneity of totalitarianism has been demonstrated never so clearly as in the case of mini-empire communist-cum-Serb Yugoslavia parallel to communist-cum-Russian Soviet Union. Each country that is still emerging from the dust after the falldown is different as different are Hungarians from the Slavs, as different is neo-authoritarian Belarus from Polish consolidated liberal democracy. Traditions and past history of these societies are different (Kurczewska 1995). In Poland Catholic Church is important, in other countries people are rather indifferent as to the religion, there is Western Eastern Europe (Catholic and Protestant) and Eastern Eastern Europe (Orthodox and Moslem), there is North and there is South, et caetera. The geopolitics made both Poland and Ethiopia vulnerable to Soviet military presence in 20th century but apart from that the two countries have rather little in common. The de-communization and de-sovietization or de-yugoslavization processes have perhaps their own common characteristsics but already at the beginning most of the social life was different and country specific and the process was furthered in the following years, in this sense if the bloc was homogeneous in the sense of politbureau of Communist Party being everywhere the top power, now it does not differ at all from all the other countries of presidential or parliamentary republican system (no monarchy was reestablished yet). But it means what we need to look somewhere else for the similarities and differences, Orthodox Christian cultures, parliamentarian historical tradition, or oil-based economies, etc. (3) Put to its extreme neither of this two approaches makes sense, indeed, and the other way that will give justice should be sought for. The de-communization is an important social event, but needs to be understood as the social process, and as the process and not the isolated event. In order to do so we must transcend the concrete political act in the sociological interpretation of its meaning. But, however interconnected the political societies are, they are still separate. To interpret Polish society one must get the meaning of the decommunization in the Polish context though not excluding the external context and the meaning may be different in another society. It does not sound absurd to assume that 1 989 meant different things for Polish, Russian and Uzbek society.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1979712435
|
Tunisia’s forward planning in a shifting, globalizing world
|
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"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jacques Richardson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070204725"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781153986"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Plan (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776505523"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Tunisia"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979712435
|
Remote from the wreckage of Afghanistan and the recent Pakistan‐incubated Taliban frenzy, calm and confident North Africa’s Tunisia – also a Muslim state – looks optimistically to a future of innovation and accomplishment. Embarking on its tenth development plan, priorities include near‐full employment, improved education and the further emancipation of women.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Foresight",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2358700",
"type": "journal"
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