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https://openalex.org/W2076581587 | Transportation infrastructure investment, growth and international trade in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076581587 | Investment in transportation infrastructure facilitate the movement of the goods; leading to higher standards of living for the people of the whole globe. Although infrastructure is indispensable to achieve the main development targets in developing countries, such as urbanization, industrialization and sustainable economic development (Kim, 2006), the relationship between infrastructure expenditures, economic growth and international trade is inconclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of investment on highway infrastructure on international trade and economic growth in Turkey for the period of 1970 to 2005. The empirical results from causality and cointegration analysis suggest only a very weak short run effect of share of exports in Gross National Product (GNP) on highway transportation expenditures but no long run relationships between highway infrastructure expenditures, economic growth and international trade in Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2950569057 | Analysing Stakeholder Consensus for a Sustainable Transport Development Decision by the Fuzzy AHP and Interval AHP | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2950569057 | In any public service development decision, it is essential to reach the stakeholders’ agreement to gain a sustainable result, which is accepted by all involved groups. In case this criterion is violated, the impact of the development will be less than expected due to the resistance of one group or another. Concerning public urban transport decisions, the lack of consensus might cause lower utilisation of public vehicles, thus more severe environmental damage, traffic problems and negative economic impacts. This paper aims to introduce a decision support procedure (applying the current MCDM techniques; Fuzzy and Interval AHP) which is capable of analysing and creating consensus among different stakeholder participants in a transport development problem. The combined application of FAHP and IAHP ensures that the consensus creation is not only based on an automated computation process (just as in IAHP) but also on the consideration of specific group interests. Thus, the decision makers have the liberty to express their preferences in urban planning, along with the consideration of numerical results. The procedure has been tested in a real public transport improvement decision as a follow-up project, in an emerging city, Mersin, Turkey. Results show that by the application of the proposed techniques, decision-makers can be more aware of the conflicts of interests among the involved groups, and they can pay more attention to possible violations. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2130418417 | Food and nutrition policies: what's being done in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2130418417 | Abstract Objective The aim of the present paper is to describe the development of the National Plan of Action for Food and Nutrition (NPAFN) for Turkey. Design Access to a safe and healthy variety of food, a fundamental human right, was stressed by the International Conference on Nutrition and by the World Food Summit. In the International Conference on Nutrition in December 1992, one major commitment was the preparation of NPAFN. The NPAFN for Turkey was designed according to this commitment. Setting Turkey. Results To this end, under the coordination of the State Planning Organization, a Working Committee Report for National Food and Nutrition Strategy of Turkey was prepared and published, with the participation of different sectors. The goal of the prepared National Food and Nutrition Strategy for Turkey is to protect and promote health through and healthy nutrition and reduce the burden of diseases, while contributing to socio-economic development and a sustainable food security. Conclusion In Turkey the NPAFN was developed and implementation has initiated. Nearly for all the actions, related projects are being developed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3112575100 | Socio-economic evaluation model for sustainable solar PV panels using a novel integrated MCDM methodology: A case in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3112575100 | Due to the increasing awareness of environmental, social and economic factors, solar photovoltaic (PV) system planning requires strategic decision making process for socio-economic development in many countries. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach that is flexible and practical to the decision makers (DMs) in governments for solar PV panel manufacturer evaluation based on qualitative and quantitative factors. Accordingly, a novel two-stage MCDM model integrating Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multiplicative Multi-Objective Ratio Analysis (MULTIMOORA) methods under Interval Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy (IVPF) environment is presented, and applied to select the most appropriate solar PV panel manufacturer for solar power plants in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. As a result, the proposed novel Integrated IVPF-AHP&MULTIMOORA method produces consistent and reasonable results to select the most appropriate solar PV panel manufacturer for the solar power plants in the cities of Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey considering some socio-economic sustainable indicators such as cost, environmental, efficiency and technical indices. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are also applied to prove the robustness and verification of the results of the proposed approach. • The most appropriate solar PV panel manufacturer is selected for solar plants in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. • A novel integrated MCDM methodology is presented in this paper. • The weights of criteria determined are obtained using IVPF-AHP. • The alternative solar PV panel manufacturers are evaluated by using IVPF-MULTIMOORA. • The proposed model provides socio-economic and environmental development of the region. | []
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https://openalex.org/W3010733765 | Decision analysis for sustainable development: The case of renewable energy planning under uncertainty | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3010733765 | Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods are increasingly used to aid decision-making for sustainable development. However, although uncertainty is present in all decision environments, dealing with incomplete and vague information in decision analysis remains a challenge. Our objective is to simplify the incorporation of uncertainty in the scoring of alternatives in MCDA processes. We present a modified ELimination and Choice Translating REality (ELECTRE) III model, in which the uncertainty in the performance scores is expressed as lower/upper bounds and then added to the model’s discrimination thresholds. Unlike other uncertainty approaches developed in the literature (such as those based on fuzzy set theory), our approach does not require additional knowledge apart from understanding the ELECTRE III model. To test its validity and suitability, we apply it for the evaluation of renewable energy resources for Turkey – hydro, wind, geothermal, solar, and biomass – under five main criteria: technological, technical, economic, environmental, and socio-politic. Our results indicate that wind energy is the best alternative for Turkey, followed by solar energy, which is in line with country’s Vision 2023 energy targets. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2152040837 | Environmental Impacts of Energy Utilization and Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152040837 | Turkey is an energy importing country, more than half of the energy requirement has been supplied by imports. Domestic oil and lignite reserves are limited and lignites are characterised by high ash, sulfur and moisture content. Due to increasing energy consumption, air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern for future in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions for sustainable energy development and environmental pollution prevention in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. Because of this and the fact that it has limited fossil fuel resources, a gradual shift from fossil fuels to renewables seems to be serious and the sole alternative for Turkey. This article presents a review of the present energy situation and sustainability, technical and economical potential of renewable energy sources and future policies for energy sector in Turkey. Throughout the paper several problems relating to energy sources, environment and sustainable development are discussed from both current and future perspectives. | []
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https://openalex.org/W1653949271 | Energy and Sustainable Development in Turkey. Part I: Energy Utilization and Sustainability | [
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https://openalex.org/W2030793586 | The Sustainability of Current Account Deficits and Tourism Receipts in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030793586 | Abstract Current Account Deficits (CAD) in Turkey have reached significantly high levels in the recent years and discussions around the sustainability of these deficits continue. On the other hand, thanks to its rapid development within the same period, the tourism sector is observed to increase its positive contribution to the current accounts balances. This study is an initiative to highlight the contribution of the tourism sector to the sustainability of the CAD in Turkey. Unit root and Cointegration tests have been used to this end. This approach is applied to the long-run relationship between Exports + Tourism Receipts (X + TR) and Imports + Tourism Expenditures (M + TE) for the period of 1980Q1–2005Q2. We question the weak sustainability hypothesis where the cointegrating vector is (X + TR)t = a + b(M + TE)t + η t . In this vector, if b equals to one and ηt is stationary, then the current account deficits are strongly sustainable, if b is between 0 and 1(0 < b < 1) and ηt is stationary or b = 1 but ηt is non-stationary, then the current account deficits are weakly sustainable and lastly, if there is no cointegration or b = 0, then the current account deficits are unsustainable. The empirical results indicate that CAD in Turkey are unsustainable in spite of the rising shares of tourism receipts in current account balances. Therefore, in Turkey, where exports are exceedingly depended on imports, which makes it not very easy to reduce imports, the only way to ensure that CAD are sustainable is to seek options to further increase the tourism receipts. Notes 1January–November 2005. 2January–November 2005. 3January–November 2005. 4January–November 2005. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1980825544 | Enhanced geothermal systems in Europe: An estimation and comparison of the technical and sustainable potentials | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980825544 | In this work an estimation and comparison of the technical and sustainable potentials of EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems) in Europe is presented. The temperatures at depths of (3500–9500) m were firstly calculated from the available data of temperatures at surface, 1000 m and 2000 m depth, and heat flow. Next the available thermal energy stored in each 1000 m thick layer along the considered depths was evaluated. At this point, the EGS technical potential was estimated and results are presented as installable net electrical power by considering a 30 year time project. A method to estimate the EGS sustainable potential is proposed and the results are compared with the technical potential. Results are presented for the European territory as a whole and individually for each one of the European countries. Estimations for Turkey and the Caucasus region are also presented. Under the hypotheses considered in our study, the technical potential of EGS in Europe for temperatures above 150 °C and depths of between 3 km and 10 km was estimated to be more than 6500 GWe. The part of this technical potential that can be considered as ‘sustainable’ or ‘renewable’ potential was estimated to be 35 GWe. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2912791564 | A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912791564 | Nowadays, tourism-led economic growth has become a major outcome of the public policy. Researchers have recently begun to address the development of tourism from a perspective that is based on economic, cultural, social, and environmental sustainability. This paper aims at presenting a strategic approach that can help to develop sustainable tourism at touristic destinations. In order to pursue our aim, the A’WOT (AHP-SWOT) hybrid method, developed in combination with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, was used. SWOT analysis was used to determine the significant strategic factors, and the AHP method was applied to prioritize these factors. The province of Zonguldak, located in Northwest Turkey, was chosen as the research area to suggest tourism strategies that can be sustainable by means of the application of the A’WOT method. Proposed strategies for the research area are related to product diversification and event management, the image of the destination, a sustainable visitor management system, promotion and branding strategies, partnerships, and cooperation. The results illustrate that the dependent economic structure may be broken down with the development of the tourism industry and, therefore, that some strategic initiatives are required to achieve sustainable tourism in the province. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1980674710 | Structure and Sustainability of Current Account Deficit in Turkish Economy | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980674710 | Turkish economy suffers from a chronic current account deficit because of the saving gap, foreign dependency in energy and intermediate goods and structural economic problems of the economy. It is vital to have sustainable current account balance for Turkish economy in order to keep sustainable economic growth in the economy. Main aim of the study is to analyze the strategies for sustainable current account deficit in Turkish economy by considering the main sources of the current account deficit in the economy and the current account sustainability by considering an econometric model. The result of the model is that current account has a weak form sustainability in Turkish economy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4281295026 | A novel LOPCOW‐DOBI multi‐criteria sustainability performance assessment methodology: An application in developing country banking sector | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281295026 | Banks do not directly contribute to sustainable development, yet they indirectly play an undeniable role. The sustainability of the banking sector, which is the heart of finance, is crucial both for this sector and economy as well as for the realization of the 2030 sustainable development goals. Despite the growing interest of practitioners and scholars on this issue, previous works are rare for developing countries. With a novel multi-criteria framework developed, therefore, this paper assesses banks in terms of sustainability and clarifies their levels of corporate sustainability performances. For the first time, this work introduces an objective weighting method named LOgarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW) with the advantages of eliminating the gap due to the size of the data, generating more reasonable weightings, and considering both positive and negative data in the weighting process. Further, a new multi-criteria method named DOmbi Bonferroni (DOBI) is developed and utilized for deciding the ranking of the alternatives. The technique provides flexible decision-making, considering the risk attitude of decision-makers. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a case study of Turkish banks. Banks are analyzed regarding the three pillars of sustainability and their seventeen drivers. The environmental pillar indicates the top significant impact on banks' sustainability. The “average return on shareholders' equity”, “electricity consumption”, “number of branches,” and “number of staff” are the top four key drivers for banks' sustainability. As a result of ranking the nine banks that release sustainability reports in Turkey concerning their sustainability performances, it is highlighted that Garanti BBVA outperforms the others. With a comprehensive sensitivity check, the robustness and applicability of the model are further tested. The developed decision support tool could allow different organizations to conduct sustainability assessments under the main pillars and help monitor their improvement over time. Some political and managerial implications are as well mentioned. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2042746215 | Conservation versus Regeneration?: Case of European Capital of Culture 2010 Istanbul | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042746215 | The purpose of this research is to review different perceptions on the possible future role and impact of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010 Istanbul in enabling conservation to contribute to regeneration. The paper attempts to understand the vicious relationship between conservation and regeneration and it analyses the ways in which the ECoC event can resolve potential contradictions enabling conservation to contribute to regeneration by constructing an empirical study based on interviews and documentary research. It concludes with specific remarks in the name of attaining more effective and sustainable outcomes from the process both for Istanbul and Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1993486431 | An assessment of Turkey’s nuclear energy policy in light of South Korea’s nuclear experience | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993486431 | Nuclear energy, which was once considered as the fuel of future and was abandoned after Chernobyl accident, has emerged recently in developed and developing countries as an option to combat climate change, to secure supply and to achieve sustainable development. Turkey, a developing country where most of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels and which has energy security problems, has adopted a new legislation giving financial incentives for nuclear power plant construction, along with a tender in 2008. However, the tender ended in a stalemate after the Council of State’s decision in November 2009. An evaluation of Turkey’s nuclear policy in light of South Korea’s nuclear experience gives us an explanation as to why Turkey failed in the last tender. Basically it was due to lack of a long term nuclear energy policy that comprehends social, economical, technical and political aspects of nuclear energy. Thus, it is argued that Turkey can benefit from nuclear energy if it formulates a comprehensive nuclear energy plan clearly interwoven with its economic development plans, establishes a proper legal framework and has domestic industry participation in nuclear technology development. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2116912052 | Energy Related Environmental Policies in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2116912052 | Abstract There is increasing consensus in both the scientific and political communities that significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are necessary to limit the magnitude and extent of climate change. Renewable energy systems already reduce GHG emissions from the energy sector, although on a modest scale. Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources (oil, gas, and coal) that place a big burden on the economy, and air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. This article presents a review of the energy related environmental policies in Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2039826404 | Sustainable development of hydroelectric power | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039826404 | This paper deals with policies to meet increasing demand for electricity in Turkey and elsewhere. Environmental problems created by exploitation of domestic resources should not be ignored. We comment on adverse effects of large-scale hydroelectric projects in India and Canada. We argue in favor of small-scale dams for sustainble development. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4319302391 | Green innovation for resource efficiency and sustainability: Empirical analysis and policy | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4319302391 | Green innovation and resource efficiency have been addressed as two essential drivers in achieving sustainable economic growth in developing countries. The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between green innovation, resource efficiency, and sustainable economic growth in E7 (China, Indonesia, Mexico, Russian Federation, Turkey, Brazil, and India) by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique from 2010 to 2021. The results confirm that green innovation and resource efficiency positively and significantly impact green economic growth in the countries examined. In addition, the estimation results depict the negative impact of the labor force on green economic growth, while the coefficient of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) is not statistically significant. The recommended practical policies by this research are developing green FDI, promoting green financing tools, and enhancing green job creation through SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). | [
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https://openalex.org/W2912243949 | Project financing in nuclear new build, why not? The legal and regulatory barriers | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912243949 | This paper investigates the legal barriers to apply project finance for building nuclear power plants. Countries such as the UK, Turkey and emerging economies (i.e. Malaysia and Indonesia) are increasingly seeking to attract private investors for nuclear projects using project finance. This is an innovative approach, and until now the only cases registered are Hinckley Point C in the UK and Akkuyu in Turkey. This paper scrutinises the mismatches between the requirements of project finance and nuclear law. Nuclear law introduces specific requirements affecting the security interest of private lenders, hindering the bankability of nuclear projects on a non-recourse basis. The paper emphasises that the performance-based regulatory approach is more compatible with project finance compared to the prescriptive based one. Furthermore, the paper examines the gaps between nuclear and holistic energy law, looking at the financing of energy infrastructures. Improving nuclear law enables to apply project finance to nuclear power plants, facilitating their deployment. Consequently, nuclear law plays a central role in promoting sustainable energy mixes characterised by reduced carbon emissions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1997378195 | Re-design, re-use and recycle of temporary houses | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997378195 | Disasters are recurring to global problems, which results in homelessness. The affected region had economical, environmental and social problems as well. In relief and reconstruction phases, the need for integrated management appeared in order to use the national sources actively and productively. Especially housing implementations had an important role for future development of the affected region. For accelerating the reconstruction of the region and forming a sustainable community, which maintains itself socially, environmentally and economically over time; energy usage for construction should be kept to a minimum. Past research in Turkey shows that the cost of temporary houses (to be used as the short term shelter) had a ratio of 10–15% of the total expenses of whole construction activity. For saving money and protecting the environment and conserving scarce resources, the affected region must consider the option of temporary houses to meet their short and long-term need during the reconstruction process. After the end of usage, temporary houses should be able to be re-used for the same or new function. This study is a test of re-design and re-use of a temporary housing site; by using recycled materials, minimum energy and voluntary participation so that this site can finally become a permanent housing site. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4225709904 | The effects of environmental tax on Ecological Footprint and Carbon dioxide emissions: a nonlinear cointegration analysis on Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4225709904 | This article presents a nonlinear analysis in Turkey on the effect of an environmental tax (ET) on the ecological footprint (EFP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In the literature, most of the studies examining the effects of environmental taxes (ETs) on environmental degradation (ED) have used linear methods. The number of studies examining this relationship with nonlinear methods is few. However, there is no study examining the long-run effects of ETs on the EFP, which is one of the most important indicators of ED, using nonlinear analysis. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the long-run effects of ETs on EFP and CO2 emissions in Turkey by nonlinear analysis. Therefore, the model consisting of annual data for the period 1994-2019 was estimated by Dufrénot et al. (2006) nonlinear cointegration test. According to the estimation results obtained, ETs do not have any long-run effects on EFP and CO2 emissions. Accordingly, it can be concluded that ETs in Turkey do not affect preventing ED. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2057053398 | Toward a sustainable energy future in Turkey: An environmental perspective | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057053398 | Abstract As long as the energy future of Turkey is concerned there is a consensus among all parties involved in the subject that a strong sustainability based on diverse range of renewable and variety of sources with efficient and fair use of energy is a must. The main criterion in this approach is to use energy with the least possible greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions. A shift in focus to meeting the needs of energy service sector will be immediately felt in the sustainable energy future in Turkey. Another important aspect of the sustainable energy future of Turkey is that all energy users, as more knowledgeable and active participants will be more involved in various stages of the process. However, Turkey has a long way to reach this vision, because of growing greenhouse emissions related to energy production and utilization of alternative energy is slow. Besides, the intensity of energy of the Turkish economy is decreasing slower than many other OECD countries. In addition, energy consumption per person in Turkey is far above the service needs, even for modern lifestyles. There are substantial obstacles on the way to a sustainable energy future of Turkey, such as various aspects of economic structure, a misdirected energy market process, and a lack of vision among the decision makers. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4206629598 | Analysis and evaluation of distributed photovoltaic generation in electrical energy production and related regulations of Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206629598 | Turkey is a developing country with rising energy demands. Energy access is one of the key parameters to sustain the development, since the country meets a considerable part of energy demands by imported fossil fuels. Distributed photovoltaic power generation (DPPG) is one of the sustainable solutions to increase renewable energy sources (RES) shares in primary energy demand. This paper investigates Turkey's current policy system with its excellences and shortcomings in different stages of distributed photovoltaic power generation development in the country. By the assessment of the current situation, a strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) and external opportunities (O) and threats (T) analysis is also conducted to propose urgent strategies to contribute the development of DPPG sector in Turkey. In conclusion, future roles of the government and energy market are discussed to increase integration of DPPG in Turkish renewable energy market comprehensively. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1030356806 | Applicability to Green Entrepreneurship in Turkey: A Situation Analysis | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1030356806 | “Nature” is one of the factors for production. More production causes more consumption of natural resources. In the developing global economy nature are being destroyed due to more profit and rapid industrialization. Due to destruction of nature leads to climate change. Green entrepreneurship offers new opportunities for groups in society and business affected by this destruction. Considering the analysis and the results of different studies, approximately 15% of the research & development and entrepreneurial activities in the in recent years in Turkey seems to be associated with the environment. A parallel increase consists of environmental and entrepreneurial activity in terms of entrepreneurship and research & development. This situation is recognized as an opportunity to improve the green entrepreneurial ecosystem. In the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Turkey, it is known that, in addition to creating a variety of organizations and networks, works of different non-governmental organizations and structural funder providing support for entrepreneurs. According to the legislation for entrepreneurial activities there are incentives such as tax breaks and tax exemptions. Support of regional development agencies is also important for entrepreneurship. This supports can be opportunity for green businesses and local entrepreneurs. However green entrepreneurship could not be brought to desired level in country because of causes such as created enough information about green entrepreneurship, reached the desire levels of regulation. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2076699470 | The role of coal in energy policy and sustainable development of Turkey: Is it compatible to the EU energy policy? | [
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"Turkey"
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076699470 | This paper aims to assess the current and future role of coal in energy strategy of Turkey, and evaluates the compatibility of policies to the EU energy policy and strategy. Coal is regarded as the most important indigenous energy source in Turkey together with hydropower to strengthen the supply security of the country. Turkish government set targets to fully utilize coal reserves of the country in next decades. However, the country is also in the process of becoming an EU Member State, hence, it is expected that the energy policies have to comply with the EU. Moreover, Turkey ratified Kyoto Protocol in 2009, thus the country should limit CO2 emission together with other greenhouse gases. The probable obstacles that Turkey may face due to the utilization of coal were determined as CO2 emissions, lack of technology and application in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and health and safety issues. It is concluded that coal is a very important domestic energy source for Turkey but new policies have to be developed and adopted immediately, and more realistic targets for the country should be set accordingly. | [
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|
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https://openalex.org/W2288382703 | Quantitative SWOT analysis for prioritizing ecotourism-planning decisions in protected areas: Igneada case | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2288382703 | As environmental problems and pressures on natural resources escalate, awareness building and efforts to protect natural areas have also became a major goal to ensure sustainability. Ecotourism is one of the major activities to protect natural and cultural resources, while also providing economic benefits to both local people and government. Successful ecotourism planning is a function of establishing sound goals and criteria. In this paper, we have presented the example of Igneada, Turkey, as a case to elaborate this point. Igneada a coastal town, located on the north-west Black Sea region of Turkey, was declared a national park in 2007. The park is well known for its longos forests (flooded), lagoons, endemic and endangered species, and wildlife. However, currently, unsustainable economic activities, overgrazing, and urbanization cause threats to its sensitive ecosystems. Promoting ecotourism is a sustainable approach to balance economic, social, and environmental aspects in the development of Igneada.The aim of this study is to define a set of ecotourism criteria and propose an ecotourism vision for Igneada. The methodology in this research involves field observations and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis with an Analytical Hierarchy Process. A survey study is conducted with both local people and experts to define a framework to generate a priority ranking for ecotourism-planning decision. The research generated 5 main criteria and 14 subcriteria, among which ‘Proposal of Igneada in Turkey’s 2023 Tourism Strategy Plan’ was the highest ranked opportunity for ecotourism planning and development in the town. | []
|
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https://openalex.org/W2574422684 | Attaining SDG11: can sustainability assessment tools be used for improved transformation of neighbourhoods in historic city centers? | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2574422684 | In coping with rapid urbanization resulting from increased urban growth, limited resources, and the threat of natural and man‐made disasters, cities are being pressured to change. The United Nations created goals to address these issues, drafting the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. Goal 11 of the SDGs addresses issues pertaining to urban development, and focuses on attaining safe, inclusive, resilient and sustainable cities. In order to monitor progress regarding SDG 11, there is a need for globally‐identified and comparable indicators. The City Prosperity Index (CPI) has been recognized as a valuable tool in evaluating the social, economic and physical aspects of cities. However, the CPI is not sufficient in itself in translating information obtained through evaluation into information relevant to policy‐making and planning at the neighbourhood level. Positive urban change can be achieved through improvements made to neighbourhoods, as the core units of cities. Many countries have developed several tools to assess neighbourhoods, applying various indicators to guide the planning process, in an effort to attain sustainability. Many Turkish cities are experiencing the negative effects of rapid urbanization. Within the scope of this study, three neighbourhoods in the historic urban core of Bursa in Turkey have been assessed through Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Neighbourhood Pattern and Design (LEED‐NPD) under LEED Neighbourhood Development (LEED‐ND). By analyzing the existing conditions, this study aims to present the strengths and weaknesses of the case study area and establish a documental and informational base, in order to respond with a plan at the neighbourhood level. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2063609126 | Conflict and agreement in stakeholder attitudes: residents’ and hotel managers’ views of tourism impacts and forest-related tourism development | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063609126 | This paper probes differences in attitudes toward tourism impacts between two leading stakeholder groups in tourism, local residents and the managers of tourism facilities. It uses case study surveys of residents and managers in Belek, Antalya, Turkey. Differences in attitudes across seven main areas are investigated, including the positive and negative economic outcomes of tourism; positive and negative sociocultural impacts; negative environmental impacts; views on further tourism development, and benefits and problems related to forested land close to destinations. The results reveal that some attitudes are held in common – especially positive attitudes including tourism's benefits in creating jobs and income. Differences were mostly observed not in the direction but in the strength of opinion. The most significant differences were found in managers' beliefs that tourism's environmental and social impacts were few, while residents were extremely negative about those impacts. Differences of attitudes on the future use of forestland headed the list of all differences between managers and residents. Divergent loyalties were revealed. Managers supported their business and employers; local people supported their local area. The need for further research, including the role of perhaps distant “moral stakeholders”, and for more comprehensive understanding, and more sustainable outcomes, are highlighted. | [
{
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https://openalex.org/W2896818096 | Sustainable Urban Transport Development with Stakeholder Participation, an AHP-Kendall Model: A Case Study for Mersin | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2896818096 | Public transport development decisions are generally made by local government representatives or managers of the local transport company through a top-down procedure. However, if the implications do not meet the demand of the public, the improvement cannot be considered as sustainable and in a long range, correction is necessary. This paper aims to introduce a new model which is capable of supporting public transport development decision making by examining the preferences of different stakeholder groups (passengers, potential passengers, and local government) and creating an acceptable coordination for an ultimate, sustainable decision. In the model, Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied, combined with Kendall rank correlation and an extra level of stakeholder significance in the decision. A case study is also presented on the situation of a Turkish city: Mersin. The results show, that by the application of the new model, a more integrated and thus more sustainable solution can be created for the public transport problems of the city, and by this, probably more citizens can be attracted to use public transport modes which might result in decreased CO2 emissions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4298145896 | Can Fintech Promote Sustainable Finance? Policy Lessons from the Case of Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W3041948190 | Analyzing Renewable Energy Sources of a Developing Country for Sustainable Development: An Integrated Fuzzy Based-Decision Methodology | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3041948190 | Global human pollutant activities have raised greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which have directly affected the climate. Fossil fuel-based energy has brought a negative impact on the environment and is considered one of the largest sources of GHG emissions. It is envisaged that GHG emissions will increase in the future due to rapid population growth and industrialization. Thus, it is imperative to mitigate climate variability and reduce GHGs by adopting renewable energy (RE) sources for electricity generation. In this regard, the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) process would serve the purpose of framing out energy policy to analyze these environmentally friendly energy sources. This study uses an integrated decision methodology—a combination of Delphi, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), and the fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (FWASPAS)—for the adoption of RE sources for electricity generation in Turkey. Initially, the study identified five main criteria and seventeen sub-criteria using the Delphi method. Then, the FAHP method was used to evaluate and rank the main criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, the FWASPAS method was used to assess and prioritize five major RE sources for electricity generation. The FAHP analysis indicated that political criteria are the most influential, followed by economic and technical criteria. Further, the FWASPAS method revealed that wind energy is the most significant option for electricity generation. This decision-making process can help the energy planners to utilize RE sources for sustainable development. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3016946684 | Evaluation of forestland use in mining operation activities in Turkey in terms of sustainable natural resources | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016946684 | Mining has been necessary for human activities and is conducted in line with this need. The location of mines must sometimes be where land use overlaps with other activities because the location of the mined substance cannot be changed. In Turkey, forestland are the most common of these overlapping areas. Therefore, mining has frequently occurred on forestland in Turkey—and worldwide. After the mining operation activities are conducted, the forestland are rehabilitated and returned to the forest administration. The examination of used and returned areas provides an opportunity to create an optimal situation between “mining for sustainable development” and “protection of forestland.” Accordingly, several questions, such as mining production amounts, degrees of social and economic development of the cities in which enterprises are conducting mining, the quantity of the areas they used for mining activities in forestland, the areas which were returned to the forest administration, operating license areas and operation permit areas, and the life of mining operation, were asked to the mining enterprises in Turkey through the “Survey Monkey” program in 2018. Thus, according to mineral groups, different land use rates were compared with the operating license areas, and the land uses for each mineral group were analyzed by considering the operation activity periods. The results indicate that the sustainability of the use of forestry in mining activities in Turkey has changed in a positive direction, particularly because of changes in mining and environmental legislation in Turkey over the last decade. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2060750827 | Re-engineering of Turkish land administration | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060750827 | The role assigned to cadastral systems has evolved over time from supporting taxation to assisting the land market, land management and sustainable development. This change has forced countries to re-engineer their traditional cadastral systems into land administration systems. Governments need to develop their own solutions in the re-engineering process for their own circumstances. In this context, this paper examines the findings of academic research carried out to analyse the efficiency of the current Land Administration System (LAS) in Turkey and then to develop a new vision for the future of the Turkish LAS. The analysis shows that there is a need for re-engineering the Turkish LAS. The main characteristics of the vision, inspired by the case study research carried out in some European countries and the statements of some well known international reports, are a land law, a leading institution and a land information system. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4294018257 | The role of renewable energy consumption and financial development in environmental sustainability: implications for the Nordic Countries | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4294018257 | The Nordic nations have yet to significantly contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 7 and 13. This predicament might be attributed to fundamental financialization concerns in these nations and renewable energy generation implementation issues. The Nordic nations are fighting to reduce CO2 emissions as a result of these two situations. Dealing with this problem may necessitate a policy shift, which represents the focus of this research. Utilizing data from 1980 to 2020, we analyze the heterogeneous impacts of financial development and renewable energy on CO2 emissions using advanced panel and time-series methodologies. The advantage of the wavelet tools (wavelet coherence, partial wavelet and multiple wavelet techniques) is that they help to capture policy initiatives at different frequencies, i.e., short, medium and long-term. Our empirical outcomes from the CS-ARDL show that both financial development and renewable energy decrease CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Furthermore, the outcomes of the wavelet coherence show negative co-movement between CO2 and renewable energy in each Nordic nation except for Iceland with renewable energy driving CO2 in all frequencies. Additionally, financial development enhances the ‘CO2 emissions-renewable energy consumption’ association, but in the short term, it has no stimulating effect. These findings lead to the recommendation of an SDG-oriented policy framework. While this policy agenda is designed to achieve SDGs 7 and 13, it may also be applied to other nations. The study recommends that the Nordic countries implement measures to boost renewable energy supply through enhanced renewable energy technologies.Abbreviations: ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations; BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa; CO2: Carbon Emissions; CS-ARDL: Cross Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model; FD: Financial Development; PMG-ARDL: Pool Mean Group Autoregressive Lag Model; VAR: Vector Autoregressive; VECM: Vector Error Corrected Model; MINT: Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey; REC: Renewable Energy; SDG: Sustainable Development Goal; SD: Sustainable Development | [
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https://openalex.org/W1991071427 | Energy Policies and Climate Change Mitigation in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991071427 | The overall objectives of energy-related environmental policies in Turkey are to ensure sufficient, reliable and economic energy supplies to support sustainable economical and social development while protecting and improving the environment. The country's environmental policy considers that energy policy should take into account environmental problems and that a balance should be found between increases in energy demand are required for economic development and environmental concerns. Turkey's high rate of energy-related carbon emissions growth is expected to accelerate, with emissions climbing from 60 million tons in 2002 to almost 220 million tons in 2020. Carbon intensity in Turkey is higher than the western developed country average. Energy-intensive, inefficient industries remain under government control with soft budged constraints, contributing to undisciplined energy use. Planned industrial privatisations may close the oldest and most inefficient operations and modernize surviving ones. Elimination of energy price subsidies could stimulate energy conservation, reducing energy and emissions growth below current projections. This paper reviews energy consumption and climate change mitigation in Turkey. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S73050191",
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https://openalex.org/W2911001811 | Polycentricity in a developing world: A micro-regional analysis for morphological polycentricity in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2911001811 | Abstract Following the publication of ‘European Spatial Development Perspective’ in 1999, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been carried out on polycentric spatial development especially in European settlements. The relationship between polycentricity and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion are some of the main concerns of these studies. This study aims to clarify ‘the meaning of polycentricity’ in the case of Turkey, as a developing country and analyse the relationship between polycentric spatial development and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion. After calculation of morphological polycentricity of the regions at NUTS-5 level, the propositions on the positive effects of polycentric spatial development on economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion is tested by using Pearson correlation and OLS regression models. The results of the empirical study are mixed for these three subjects. Polycentric spatial development has not positive effects on economic competitiveness and social cohesion in Turkey case. Conversely, a positive effect exists in terms of environmental sustainability. It can be said, that to reach those policy aims highlighted by European Spatial Development Perspective, could not be realised by only taken into account polycentric spatial development in Turkey case. | [
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https://openalex.org/W287656057 | Trends in Tourism in North Cyprus: A Historical Perspective | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W287656057 | Tourism is a fast growing industry in the world and will continue to be a major source of foreign exchange for the countries. North Cyprus has its own state, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which is not internationally recognized other than mainland, the Republic of Turkey. Improving tourism industry was also at the agenda of the economic targets that have been set by “Five Year Development Plans” (FYDP) in North Cyprus since 1978. But, these programs were not successful to bring an improvement and achieve sustainable development in the sector over the years. The study aims to put forward the developments in the tourism industry of North Cyprus since 1974. It seems that a solution to the Cyprus problem will be a sole remedy for Turkish Cypriots in achieving their economic welfare. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2031209978 | Hydropower Energy Versus Other Energy Sources in Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W2543318684 | Turkish challenges for low-carbon society: Current status, government policies and social acceptance | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2543318684 | Turkey’s rapid economic growth followed by increasing gap between domestic energy production and consumption signifies the large-scale integration of low-carbon and renewable resources into energy system. Turkey’s energy demand is increasing and supplying fossil energies such as oil and gas is becoming more challenging due to the lack of domestic hydrocarbon resources. The country is facing two main issues; first, maintaining energy balance and second, handling environmental issues. Nevertheless, Turkey has substantial renewable and low-carbon energy resources with co-benefits for the country’s fast growing economy and environmental sustainability. This paper aims to present a comprehensive update on Turkey’s renewable and low-carbon energy sector. It reviews not only the current status of the technology, policy and economy, but also provides an insight into the social aspects as well. From a policy point of view, the paper critically discusses Turkey’s energy strategy and perspectives and from the social point of view, the paper argues that there is a research gap in recent literature regarding public awareness and social acceptance of low-carbon energy technologies. Also, the future challenges for promoting low-carbon society in Turkey are discussed in terms of sustainable development and socio-environmental conditions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2045179990 | Sustainable revitalisation as a tool for regenerating the attractiveness of an inner-city historic commercial district: ‘Han District’ as a case | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045179990 | Retail activity and retail spaces have changed drastically across Turkey since the opening of first shopping mall in 1988. The boom of personal mobility (that is, the car) and the convenience of shopping at out-of-town shopping areas have caused profound transformations of the physical, social and economic structures of the historic commercial districts of Turkish city centres. Although certain revitalisation projects are being planned to develop and promote commercial activity in these districts with the aim of revitalising physical structures and regenerating social and economic activity, many of them do not use holistic approaches that take into account the physical, social and economic sustainability of the district. The focus of this study is to introduce a conceptual model of a sustainable revitalisation project for an inner-city historic commercial district in the Turkish city of Bursa. The aim of this project is to develop an integrated approach to the economic and social revitalisation of the commercial district that achieves more than just physical regeneration. The design team believes that the insight gained in this project is applicable to other revitalisation projects in different areas and is also valuable for formulating policies and appropriate codes for future projects. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2969789780 | Is development possible without cultural policies? Rethinking creative industries and sustainable development in the case of Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2969789780 | This study aims to reconsider the cultural and creative industries’ role within the sustainable development of Turkey. Although Turkey is one of the most important countries in cultural and creative industries ecosystem, she’s facing some significant problems such as insufficient creative human sources, lack of well-tailored cultural policies and maybe most importantly, the culture’s implicit role in the sustainable development of Turkey. For a proper understanding of cultural policies’ role on sustainable development, especially in the developing countries, the present article inquiries primarily UNESCO’s cultural policies and culturally sustainable development notion. Then, the present study will be headed towards a re thinking of creative industries and sustainable development nexus in the case of Turkey. In this sense, this article explains the challenges and jeopardies in the creative industries within Turkey’s creative ecosystem. My study would conclude that the development of creative industries mainly relies on remarkable groups of creative entrepreneur’s endeavours rather than “appropriate” cultural policies in Turkey. While cultural and creative industries have been evaluated as new sources of employment and welfare for countries, the present study argues that these industries need a “well –tailored” cultural policy and the inclusion of culture into development paradigm. In this sense, towards a sustainable development in Turkey, this study would offer some recommendations for Turkey’s newly established creative industry policies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3081982068 | Corporate Governance Quality, Stakeholders’ Pressure, and Sustainable Development: An Integrated Approach | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3081982068 | The goal of this paper is to explore the interrelated relationships between the quality of corporate governance, Stakeholder’s pressure, and Sustainability Reporting. We claim that sustainable development strategies are the result of the interaction of two variables: the standard of corporate governance and the pressure of stakeholders rather than the outcome of a single variable. The results indicate that the company size and corporate governance rating are positively correlated with sustainability reporting Scores disclosed by the Turkish companies. The analysis of 125 firm-year data suggest that the company provides more SRS if it has a better corporate governance rating; or larger total assets. The paper also reveals that social, environmental and economic indicators, as pillars of sustainable development, are not the result of corporate governance practices or of stakeholder pressure alone, but represent a holistic reflection of the accumulated effects of various factors related to both corporate governance practices and stakeholder theory. This paper extends the work of Taşkirmaz, and Gamze (2017) which examined the relationship between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. Our results increase understanding of sustainable practices of the circular economy in Turkish industrial companies and indicate future trends for these applications. This research will help managers of manufacturing companies in formulating their plans to maximize the use of available resources and improve efficiency in the context of the circular economy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1980877293 | Pro‐rail Policies in Turkey: A Policy Shift? | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980877293 | Abstract Growing concerns over environmental issues and the increasing role of the transport sector in creating environmental pollution have had a significant impact on transport policies and investments worldwide. There is increasing emphasis on the importance of transporting people and goods in the most sustainable ways, and the role that environmentally friendly modes, and particularly railways, should play in transport. It appears that in Turkey too a policy shift has taken place in favour of rail transport as a consequence of both environmental concerns and the will to integrate into international transport networks, and consequently international markets. This paper summarizes research that looks into the policy documents, annual investment programmes, and actual investments in the transport field in Turkey within the past two decades. While a policy shift in favour of railway development can be observed in policy documents, the study shows that actual investment has been extremely limited for the improvement and expansion of the railways in Turkey. The paper focuses on this gap between policy and practice in national transport network development, and aims to discuss why it currently is, and may continue to be, difficult for Turkey to deliver successfully a pro‐rail policy. The discussion helps one understand how a country’s transport history, past policies and mobility traditions affect the delivery of new policies, particularly when they represent a significant policy shift. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2419318346 | Educating labour force for a green economy and renewable energy jobs in Turkey: A quantitave approach | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2419318346 | Abstract Today, the struggle of man against nature has reached the point where nature has been objectified and dominated by resource exploitation as we are faced with huge problems like decreasing natural resources; destruction of climate-ozone layer-glaciers; altering the rhythm of seasons; global warming; decreasing agricultural areas and more negative conditions brought on by the burgeoning human population. These problems threaten the life of all living creatures in the natural world itself. One critical factor is that humanity must harness the ability to create truly renewable energy sources instead of depleting the natural resources directly in order to generate the energy to sustain the lifestyles of today. One aspect of this struggle is to educate the leadership and labour force to actively realize green economies and jobs in the renewable energy sector. In the Turkish educational system, there is a true disconnect between the educational system and the labour markets that is causing a rise in unemployment rates among graduates. Educating green collar workers is an important opportunity for Turkey to develop consistency within the labour markets that have rapidly weakened since 2000.This paper presents an overview of educational policies regarding the development of a green collar industry by facilitating renewable energy jobs through vocational-technical high schools and graduate and post graduate university programmes. It also analyses state policies on popularising business and industry to actually create green collar jobs for the development of a new social paradigm of sustainable development. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2172225443 | The Contribution of Renewables in Turkish Energy Security | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2172225443 | Turkey's energy consumption is low compared to its young population. However, energy consumption is rapidly increasing as a result of economic growth in recent years, a trend which is expected to continue. Accordingly, guaranteeing adequate energy supply for its growing economy remains at the top of the governmental agenda. While energy consumption is increasing, Turkey is becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuel imports, especially in oil and natural gas. Increasing awareness toward the environmental issues, energy prices and lack of diversification are the most immediate threats. All these are significant threats to Turkish energy security and thus have become a greater focus of attention. In response, Turkish energy policy is developing into a multi-dimensional one, considering the primary goals of securing energy supply and increasing the level of diversification and decreasing environmental effects. Accordingly, these considerations have tended to endorse renewable energy. Renewable energy resources are emerging as one of the most efficient, indigenous and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Its geographical location allows extensive use of most types of renewable sources. This paper analyzes the current and possible future contribution of renewable energy in Turkish energy policy, considering supply security, diversification and environmental concerns. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S77485876",
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https://openalex.org/W2017803973 | Energy issues and renewables for sustainable development in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017803973 | Energy is an essential factor to achieve sustainable development. So, countries striving to this end are seeking to reassess their energy systems with a view towards planning energy programs and strategies in line with sustainable development goals and objectives. As would be expected, the rapid expansion of energy production and consumption has brought with it a wide range of environmental issues at the local, regional and global levels. Renewable energy technologies of wind, biofuels, solar thermal and photovoltaics are finally showing maturity and the ultimate promise of cost competitiveness. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkey's carbon dioxide emissions have grown along with its energy consumption. States have played a leading role in protecting the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2021181110 | LEGAL STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN TURKEY | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021181110 | Dealing with environmental problems, "participation" has emerged as a central theme. There has, for some time, been a growing recognition within the government and society at large that the future of Turkish environmental protection depends on more effective participation of multiple stakeholders. Along with growing appreciation of the potential benefits has come more systematic understanding of the factors that currently inhibit wider and more effective use of participatory techniques in Turkey. Over the last decade, there has been a succession of studies pointing to the conclusion that current environmental practices, entrenched institutional arrangements and attitudes, and poorly adapted laws are major constraints on participatory approaches. With specific reference to the legal framework, there is a growing consensus that Turkish legislation falls short in comparison to those in most developed countries and acts as a constraint on participation because of its command and control approach, in which most decisions are made by the state and the principal role of law is to ensure compliance and penalise non-compliance with those decisions. The law does not fully reflect current social, economic and environmental realities. The purpose of this study is to focus on the strengths and weaknesses of Turkey's environmental law per se, by highlighting some international lessons and practices that might be useful to Turkey as it considers what future steps to take in improving the legal framework for participation. The 1998 case in which the environmentally damaging activities of the Eurogod Mining Company at Bergama, Western Turkey, were stopped following a petition by local people to the Appeals Court is cited as an example. This case study reflects the people's participation in environmental issues and supports the main argument of this article, from which recommendations are made for improving the legal outline for participation. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2070584379 | Sustainable development in historic areas: Adaptive re-use challenges in traditional houses in Sanliurfa, Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070584379 | The adaptive re-use of buildings is an approach for developing historical areas, and it extends the life of historical patterns. However, adaptive re-use is applied to development projects in different ways including compatible re-use and most appropriate re-use, both of which contribute to the sustainability of historic areas. The present study discusses the challenges associated with the compatible re-use and most appropriate re-use approaches for commercial and community development. In the case of commercial development, re-use is generally initiated by private entrepreneurship and is typically a new activity intended to generate income to sufficiently cover restoration and maintenance costs. Examples include the re-using as restaurants and hotels. Community re-use, which is mostly initiated by governmental involvement or development trusts, does not generate sufficient income to cover restoration and maintenance costs, but it does provide social benefits to the community. The present study demonstrates that design criteria can emphasise the significance of cultural heritage through adaptive-reuse. The research methodology used is tested through six selected case studies analysing sustainable development activities involving the traditional houses of Sanliurfa in Turkey. The aim of analysing the changes and their effects on the traditional houses of Sanliurfa and their historical environment is to highlight the challenges and approaches to re-use in terms of development involving historical patterns and conservation areas to provide guidelines for future projects. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3113286470 | Carbon footprints of omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan diets based on traditional Turkish cuisine | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3113286470 | Turkish cuisine is one of the most globally wide-spread and also nutritionally diverse diets in the world. Yet, to this day the environmental footprint of Turkish cuisine has not been studied. In this work, the carbon footprints of weekly omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan diets based on traditional Turkish cuisine were calculated. The functional unit was selected as 2000 kcal of daily intake per person, CCaLCTM was used as software alongside CML2001 methodology, and c cradle-to-grave approach was employed. The following stages were included in the life cycle inventory: raw material supply including packaging, meal preparation (energy required for cooking or baking), and end-of-life treatment. On average, the omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan diets were found to have carbon footprints of 35.22, 27.8 and 18.5 kg CO2eq. per functional unit, respectively. The reduced carbon footprint of the vegetarian and vegan diets was mainly attributed to the absence of meat and dairy products. Raw material supply emerged as the main hotspot with an average share of 77.2% in the overall carbon footprint, followed by meal preparation with a share of 21.5%. End-of-life treatment options did not have a significant effect on the carbon footprint. The results were found to be highly consistent with those reported earlier in the literature. Extrapolating the results showed that nutrition is roughly responsible for one third of the total carbon footprint of Turkey. The main conclusion was that Turkish cuisine is comparable with other major cuisines in terms of its environmental impacts, while offering a very diverse and healthy diet. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2149159765 | Turkey's Renewable Energy Policy | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149159765 | This article expresses both Turkey's present and future renewable energy policy. Air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern in Turkey. Air pollution from energy utilization in the country is due to the combustion of coal, lignite, petroleum, natural gas, wood, and agricultural and animal wastes. In 1992, Turkish Ministry of Environment issued a regulation providing for emissions testing for cars, trucks, and vans. Achieving a solution to environmental problems requires long-term policies for sustainable development. In this aspect, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions. Turkey has substantial reserves of renewable energy resources. However, actual utilization of these resources is quite low. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2039980961 | The Textile Industry and Sustainable Development: A Holt–Winters Forecasting Investigation for the Eastern European Area | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039980961 | To achieve sustainable development, massive changes towards fostering a clean and pollution-reducing industrial sector are quintessential. The textile industry has been one of the main contributors to water pollution all over the world, causing more than 20% of the registered levels of water pollution in countries like Turkey, Indonesia and China (among the G20 group of countries) and also in Romania and Bulgaria (in the Eastern European area), with even more than 44% in Macedonia. Given the controversy created by the textile industry’s contribution to pollution at a global level and also the need to diminish pollution in order to promote sustainable development, this paper comparatively investigates the contribution of the textile industry to the water pollution across Central and Eastern European countries, as well as developed countries. In addition, we employ the Holt–Winters model to forecast the trend of the total emissions of organic water pollutants, as well as of the textile industry’s contribution to pollution for the top polluters in Eastern Europe, i.e., Poland and Romania. According to our estimates, both countries are headed towards complete elimination of pollution caused by the textile industry and, hence, toward a more sustainable industrial sector, as Greenpeace intended with the release of its 2011 reports. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1979960290 | Energy and Sustainable Development. Part II: Environmental Impacts of Energy Use | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979960290 | As a consequence of the fast-growing energy requirements and the increasing use of low-grade domestic fuels, air pollution has increased considerably in recent years in Turkey. Since the energy demand is projected to continue to increase rapidly in the future also, energy-supply strategies are required to control air-pollutant emissions in a cost-efficient way, taking into account the legal emission-control regulations that have been enforced. This article extensively concentrates on energy and environmental impacts in Turkey only. Energy utilization and its major environmental impacts are discussed from the standpoint of sustainable development, including anticipated patterns of future energy use and subsequent environmental issues. Several aspects relating to energy utilization, renewable energy, energy efficiency, environment, and sustainable development are examined from both current and future perspectives in the country. In this study, air-pollutant emissions due to power generation and their harmful effects on the environment are also estimated. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2408901554 | Adaptation to Climate Change in Industry: Improving Resource Efficiency through Sustainable Production Applications | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2408901554 | ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate the climate change adaptation opportunities of six companies from different sectors through resource efficiency and sustainable production. A total of 77 sustainable production options were developed for the companies based on the audits conducted. After screening these opportunities with each company's staff, 19 options were selected and implemented. Significant water savings (849,668 m 3 /year) were achieved as a result of the applications that targeted reduction of water use. In addition to water savings, the energy consumption was reduced by 3,607 MWh, which decreased the CO 2 emissions by 904.1 tons/year. Moreover, the consumption of 278.4 tons/year of chemicals (e.g., NaCl, CdO, NaCN) was avoided, thus the corresponding pollution load to the wastewater treatment plant was reduced. Besides the tangible improvements, other gains were achieved, such as improved product quality, improved health and safety conditions, reduced maintenance requirements, and ensured compliance with national and EU regulations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first ever activity in Turkey devoted to climate change adaptation in the private sector. This study may serve as a building block in Turkey for the integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation approach in the industry, since water efficiency (adaptation) and carbon reduction (mitigation) are achieved simultaneously. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2897886135 | Integrated model for renewable energy planning in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2897886135 | All economic sectors are associated with energy use; therefore, government organizations aim to supply sustainable energy for human needs and economic growth. In particular, increased environmental concerns of the public in Turkey have impacted policymaking for renewable energy (RE) management in Turkey. The primary objective for RE sources of the Turkish Ministry of Energy is to ensure that 30% of the share of electricity production is from RE resources in 2023. In this paper, the integrated multi-objective, multi-period linear programming model is presented to determine effective allocation of RE supply for seven different geographical regions in Turkey for the period of 2017 to 2024. The integrated model consists of two different stages. The first stage involves qualitative evaluations of RE sources for seven geographical regions. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine criteria priorities and overall ratings of geographical regions across determined criteria for RE sources are computed. The second stage of the integrated model consists of a multi-objective, multi-period linear programming model. The proposed multi-objective linear programming model is coded in MPL (Mathematical Programming Language) and solved using the GUROBI 5.1.0 solver. The output of the integrated model presents the total supply amount of RE sources for geographical regions in planning period. The ε-constraints method is applied to compute the total supply amount of RE from geographical regions for the period of 2017 to 2024. In this study, a systematic decision-making model is generated to allocate renewable energy sources to the geographical regions. The presented model integrates qualitative evaluations and quantitative parameters of different geographical regions to determine the optimal supply amount of RE. The obtained results are consistent with the potential quantities of RE alternatives in geographical regions, regional specifications, and social requirements. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2003366424 | Fuel supply chain analysis of Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003366424 | In spite of its natural sources, Turkey depends on other countries in terms of energy production, and a transfer from conventional fossil sources to sustainable energy sources is strongly necessary. Among the sustainable energy sources, biomass is the subject of this study. The characteristics, logistic aspects, environmental aspects, economical, legal and technical aspects are investigated in order to show that the possible biomass co-firing is very important for the construction of economic, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy systems. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2079525808 | Hydropower in Turkey: The Sustainable Energy Future | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079525808 | Abstract Over the last two decades, global electricity production has more than doubled and electricity demand is rising rapidly around the world as economic development spreads to emerging economies. Not only has electricity demand increased significantly, it is the fastest growing end-use of energy. Therefore, technical, economic, and environmental benefits of hydroelectric power make it an important contributor to the future world energy mix, particularly in the developing countries. On the other hand, Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GWh/yr, but only 125 GWh/yr of the total hydroelectric potential of the country can be economically used. By the commissioning of new hydropower plants, which are under construction, 36% of the economically usable potential of the country would be tapped. Turkey's total economically usable small hydropower potential is 3.75 GWh/yr. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2590147912 | Energy challenges for Turkey: Identifying sustainable options for future electricity generation up to 2050 | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2590147912 | This paper presents for the first time a life cycle environmental, economic and social sustainability assessment of future electricity scenarios for Turkey up to 2050. Fourteen scenarios have been developed and assessed for 19 sustainability indicators, using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to help identify the most sustainable scenarios. The fossil fuel dominated scenarios are environmentally the least sustainable for seven out of 11 impacts, including the global warming potential (GWP) which increases up to four times on today’s impact. Opting for renewable-intensive pathways would halve the current GWP and reduce the use of fossil fuels by three times; however, the depletion of elements would increase 70-fold and investment costs 10-fold. MCDA shows that renewable and nuclear intensive scenarios outperform those dominated by fossil fuels, except for the very high preference for the economic criteria. However, their poor environmental and social performances make them least sustainable overall. The renewable–nuclear intensive scenarios are the most sustainable options with respect to most of the environmental, economic and social impacts considered. Reducing the share of fossil fuels in the electricity mix would not only reduce significantly the environmental impacts, but also the costs, injuries and fatalities, while also improving energy security. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2090230019 | Revival of a traditional community engagement model for the sustainable future of a historical commercial district: Bursa/Turkey as a case | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090230019 | Historical commercial districts in city centres in Turkey face social, cultural, environmental and economical challenges of managing rapid urban and economical development in the last two decades. They are being subjected to dramatic physical deterioration and rapid social and economical decline. Enriching relationships between local tradesmen associations, local authorities and non-governmental organisations through a structured engagement process can deliver innovative new revitalisation approaches and design options towards sustainable futures of historical commercial districts both in Turkey and in the world. This paper presents a community engagement model, which can be seen as the revival of a guild system (Lonca), which is unique to Ottoman Turkish culture, for the sustainable future of a historical commercial district in a Turkish city, Bursa. One of the main objectives of this study is to discuss and evaluate successes and failures of this community engagement model. Other objective of the paper is to discuss the effectiveness of this civil organisation for creating scenarios about sustainable future of a historical commercial district. The key finding of this study shows community engagement models should support public decision making by developing a coherent framework to identify the sustainable future scenarios with multi- or interdisciplinary collaborations. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2077084435 | Hydroelectric Power in Developing Countries | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077084435 | Abstract Over the last two decades, global electricity production has more than doubled and electricity demand is rising rapidly around the world as economic development spreads to emerging economies. Not only has electricity demand increased significantly, it is the fastest growing end-use of energy. Therefore, technical, economic, and environmental benefits of hydroelectric power make it an important contributor to the future world energy mix, particularly in developing countries. This article deals with policies to meet increasing energy and electricity demand for sustainable energy development in some developing countries such as Brazil, China, India, and Turkey. | []
|
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https://openalex.org/W2546992779 | Evaluation of sources for the sustainability of energy supply in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2546992779 | Energy is one of the main factors that must be considered in the discussions of sustainable development. Renewable, clean and cost effective energy sources are preferred but unfortunately no one of the alternative energy sources can meet these demands solely. So, the problem of determining the appropriate energy policy is a multiple criteria decision making problem. In this study, firstly sustainability indicators for energy planning are determined. Then dependencies and feedbacks between indicators and the values of the indicators were investigated and it was seen that Analytic Network Process with benefits, opportunities, costs and risks merits is a suitable method for this complex problem. Both the objective values and group decision of experts were used in the model to cover the quantitative and qualitative judgments. The results indicated that the energy system of Turkey is not sustainable and the sustainable energy scenario of Turkey must increase the share of renewables. This article is an important framework for the sustainable development pathway of Turkey. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 627–637, 2017 | []
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https://openalex.org/W2149664017 | A geographic study on the effects of coastal tourism on sustainable development: coastal tourism in Cide | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149664017 | Cide is a district of Kastamonu in the Black Sea Region located in the northwest part of Turkey. Cide district, 140 km from Kastamonu, has many values including existing tourism potential, especially in terms of sustainable development. The characteristics of Cide should be assessed well. The improvements in infrastructure service and investments will take Cide to great heights. This situation will make an important contribution both to Cide and Turkish economy. The natural and cultural beauties of Cide are important both for Turkey and the world. In this case study, the characteristics of Cide have been explained; the historical development of Cide settlement has been mentioned; and the coastal tourism potential of Cide district that combines landscape and sea, has been discussed. All geographical details have been researched and reflected in the findings section of this article. In Conclusion, what can be done for Cide has been discussed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2418553816 | DETECTING COASTAL URBANIZATION AND LAND USE CHANGE IN SOUTHERN TURKEY | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2418553816 | One of the most important needs in contemporary landscape planning is quantitative land use/land cover (LU/LC) change information. The reason a strong emphasis is placed on landscape change information is that it serves as an ecological and geographical basis for preparing and implementing development plans in a more sustainable manner. Multi-temporal analysis of LU/LC changes on the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey revealed that there is a marked preference for these areas primarily for building development. This paper demonstrates a methodology that relies on quantitative analysis techniques for assessing spatiotemporal changes in LU/LC in the case of the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. In this respect, satellite image datasets (SPOT panchromatic, Landsat TM) acquired in 1989, 1995, 2001 and 2007 were enhanced. Resulting images were classified and compared to detect coastal urbanization and development trends. Post-classification change analyses were employed to quantify land cover conversions in three periods from 1985 to 1995, from 1995 to 2001 and from 2001 to 2007. This paper demonstrated that urban, agriculture and shrublands changed rapidly in this part of the Mediterranean coast. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1978219772 | Innovative Approaches in Water Resources Development in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978219772 | Abstract In the Southeastern Anatolia Project, 13 major groups of water resources development projects-primarilyfor irrigation and hydropower-areplanned to develop and manage soil and water resources in the south-eastern part of Turkey. In this paper, the innovative approaches which are being implemented for sustainable water resources development in the Southeastern Anatolia Project are described. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2986509656 | Predicting the Role of Islamic Banking on Sustainable Economic Development | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2986509656 | This chapter aims to predict the future of Islamic banking in Turkey. Three different Islamic banks operating in Turkey were taken to the scope of review. Within this framework, six different variables that are important for the banking sector have been identified. The data of these variables in the 2010-2018 period were analyzed by ARIMA method, and six different models were established. As a result, it is predicted that Islamic banking will grow in the future, and its profitability will increase. However, the ratio of non-performing loans is expected to increase, and capital is expected to decrease. Therefore, Islamic banks should be more cautious in this growth process. In this context, it is important to conduct an effective credibility analysis of customers to be loaned. This situation has a contributing effect on the sustainable economic development of the country. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2345984464 | Assessing Potential Areas of Ecotourism through a Case Study in Ilgaz Mountain National Park | [
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https://openalex.org/W2897136705 | Contribution of Built Environment Design Elements to the Sustainability of Urban Renewal Projects: Model Proposal | [
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https://openalex.org/W2026438134 | A new energy paradigm for Turkey: A political risk-inclusive cost analysis for sustainable energy | [
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https://openalex.org/W4297227134 | Analysis of Consumers’ Electric Vehicle Purchase Intentions: An Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior | [
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https://openalex.org/W3194378319 | Industry 4.0 impacts on responsible environmental and societal management in the family business | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3194378319 | Technological innovations are critical for businesses to sustain a competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive globalised environment. Amongst other advances, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies are having a growing impact on society; they have become a significant part of family business resources to create more sustainable environments and exploit new opportunities. However, few studies have analysed the impacts of I4.0 on responsible environmental management and society in the context of a family business. To take a step toward filling this gap, this study has employed a system dynamics model to evaluate the impacts of I4.0 on the clean production processes of family businesses in an emerging economy and to describe I4.0 practices on determinants of ethical behaviour and environmental management. Implementation is conducted in the packaging sector to analyse the impacts of I4.0 on CO2 emissions, total packaging waste recovery and societal responsibilities on family businesses in Turkey. The results show that ethical business development contributes toward enhancing corporate social responsibility and environmental management systems in an I4.0 context. The findings can inform the efforts of managers, governments and decision-makers to analyse and manage the societal and environmental impacts of their activities to create a more sustainable environment for family businesses. | [
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https://openalex.org/W288102063 | An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Turkish Business Context | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W288102063 | Depending on the increasing social and environmental problems, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been promoted by both national and international bodies to achieve the principles of sustainable development at the organizational level. Since the concept has provided a significant framework for the relations between business and society, this corporate response can be particularly crucial for the problems in the developing country context. Therefore, it is important to understand how CSR is adopted and practiced by the organizations in such countries to improve the overall quality and quantity of CSR involvement. The purpose of current study is to analyse the evolution of CSR conception in Turkey as a developing country. Considering its unique position between East and West, Turkey provides a different political, economic, social, and cultural context for CSR conception than other European counties. The concept has built on the philanthropic heritage of Ottoman period and then evolved in line with the dependency relationship between business and state during the Republican period. Despite the increasing attention of organizations towards CSR during the last decade, it seems that the institutional environment continues to affect the nature and structure of CSR involvement in Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3210540253 | Evaluation of the Visitor Understanding of Coastal Geotourism and Geoheritage Potential Based on Sustainable Regional Development in Western Black Sea Region, Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3207902454 | This study evaluates the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), human well-being, and other macro indicators of the public sector on carbon footprint. Empirical analysis has been carried out for newly industrialized economies that span the period 1990–2017. We used augmented mean group and bootstrap panel causality techniques to cogitate the cross-sectional dependence and country-specific heterogeneity. Based on cross-country analysis, study results show that growing OFDI reduces carbon footprint efficiently in Mexico and Turkey, human well-being decreases emissions in the Philippines, and urbanization reduces emissions in China. Further, technology reduces emissions in Malaysia and Turkey, trade openness reduces emissions in China and Malaysia, and natural resource rents reduce emissions in Indonesia and Mexico. In the case of panel analysis, the moderating role of OFDI with human well-being is contributing toward a sustainable environment. Moreover, the moderation of OFDI and urbanization has an insignificant impact on CFP. Findings depict that interaction terms of OFDI with technology and trade openness have a positive association with the environment quality. Finally, OFDI and natural resources have positive moderation on CFP. This study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting policy implications for a sustainable environment. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2033313480 | The Role of Renewables in Meeting Turkey's Energy Demand | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033313480 | Abstract Turkey's demand for energy is increasing rapidly and heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources. As would be expected, the rapid expansion of energy production and consumption has brought with it a wide range of environmental issues at the local, regional, and global levels. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions have grown along with its primary energy consumption. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. Turkey has substantial reserves of renewable energy sources, including approximately 1% of the total world hydropower potential. There is also significant potential for wind power development. Turkey's geothermal potential ranks seventh worldwide, but only a small portion is considered to be economically feasible. This article presents the role of renewables in meeting the energy demand of Turkey as a sustainable manner. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1896635809 | On the sustainability of the economic growth path of Turkey: 1995–2009 | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1896635809 | This paper aims to bring afront the economical and the ecological consequences of the growth path of Turkey with the help of a sectoral dataset provided by the World Input–Output Database available for the period of 1995–2009. By simple Input–Output accounting, it is found that the economic growth path taken in the 2003–2009 period has gradually become both more energy and pollution intensive as compared to the 1995–2002 period. Moreover, the gradual deterioration in environmental, as well as labor standards, so as to gain competitive edge in export markets led to a rapid increase in environmental degradation and deadly workplace accidents during the post-2002 period. From the viewpoint of the long-term development plans, i.e. Vizyon 2023 which targets to bring Turkey among the 10th biggest economy in the world by 2023, past experiences, therefore, hint that the insistence on an unsustainable and dependent economic growth path which has been re-designed under the neoliberal framework of deregulation, flexibilization and privatization will aggravate not only social and ecological problems but also the current account imbalance. It is concluded that the economic growth path towards the ambitious targets set by Vizyon 2023 should be redefined in accordance with the economic, social and environmental sustainability principles. The existing subsidies to fossil fuels should be channelled to support renewable energy production. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S68497187",
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https://openalex.org/W1848636891 | Technical Innovations in Cruise Tourism and Results of Sustainability | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1848636891 | Tourism industry is one of the biggest economic sectors of the world with extraordinary development rates. There are negative and positive ecological, economic and social effects which derive from international tourism. The most important negative effects are mostly on environmental quality and sustainable development perspectives of destinations. Positive effects mostly cover employment and income related issues not only in destination regions but also on the side of tourism product suppliers which are related with neighboring worldwide economies. Tourism regions and industries base on solid ecology but also on positive economic and social environment of touristic supplies. Based on growing environmental conscience, it is only possible to reach desired positive effects of tourism if negative ecological, economical and socio-cultural effects minimized and by this way innovation wins stronger meaning with the help of sustainable transport. This paper will evaluate innovation methods within cruise sector which has strong growth numbers of tourism and prepare recommendations for the future of cruise tourism in Turkey. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S104917558",
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https://openalex.org/W2908139944 | Evaluating suitability of a GIS–AHP combined method for sustainable urban and environmental planning in Beykoz District, Istanbul | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2908139944 | In this paper, a method is proposed that provides a systematic Suitability Assessment
for the metropolitan territory, from the perspective of both urban planning basic principles and environmental
sustainability. This approach, which combines Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and
Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, is applied to a case study in Istanbul, Turkey, to
evaluate current urbanisation patterns. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S81432193",
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{
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https://openalex.org/W2013194676 | Renewable Energy Policies in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013194676 | ABSTRACT Achieving solutions to environmental problems that we face today requires long-term potential actions for sustainable development. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of most efficient and effective solutions. Although, Turkey has substantial reserves of renewable energy resources, actual utilization of these resources is quite low. The aim of this study is to investigate the renewable energy policies and the political organizations that shape these policies. In these concepts, the renewable energy potential of Turkey, the effective utilization of this potential, the energy politics, the political organizations, incentives, pricing and buying mechanisms, research and development studies, and barriers for development of renewable energy are investigated. In conclusion, proposals and recommendations are given to overcome the problems. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2979554949 | Cultural models of and for urban sustainability: assessing beliefs about Green-Win | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2979554949 | Abstract Green-Win is the proposal where that government, society, and business can all reap benefits while at the same time playing a vital role in the transition to sustainable development and lower carbon futures. We argue that, while the Green-Win proposition is central to many state and expert models of sustainability transitions, as a construction, it belies more complex trade-offs and cognitive models of sustainability and societal transitions. Cultural models are cognitive representations shared by a community which provide both models of the world, which aid in interpreting what is in the world, how it works, what is possible (or not) and why, and models for the world, which suggest how to act in it to bring about desired outcomes (cf. Geertz 1973). We surveyed 225 respondents in Shanghai, China, Istanbul, Turkey, and Beirut, Lebanon to assess their basic beliefs about sustainability, specifically whether it is possible to implement concrete practices that realize environmental sustainability goals in conjunction with economic development—the Green-Win proposition. We found important similarities and differences among urban stakeholders’ cultural models of sustainable development. For example, Chinese and Lebanese respondents displayed a strong belief that economic growth and environmental sustainability are compatible, while Turkish respondents showed significant disagreement with this proposition. We argue that such basic notions about the possibility of Green-Win opportunities between environmental sustainability and economic development are important to understand in the context of mitigating and adapting to climate change in critical urban environments. Cultural models of and for green development may either enable or inhibit transformations in urban systems according to local conditions. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of cultural models’ research for targeting communications and engendering collaborations among diverse stakeholders in order to align perspectives and overcome barriers that may otherwise limit successful visioning, planning, and implementation for transformation towards sustainable development. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3099016241 | Tourism development, natural resource abundance, and environmental sustainability: Another look at the ten most visited destinations | [
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https://openalex.org/W2775888374 | Regional Variations of Credits Obtained by LEED 2009 Certified Green Buildings—A Country Level Analysis | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2775888374 | Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most widely recognized green building rating systems. With more than 20% of the projects certified in non-United States (US) countries, LEED’s global impact has been increasing and it is critically important for developers and regulatory authorities to understand LEED’s performance at the country level to facilitate global implementation. This study therefore aims to investigate the credit achievement pattern of LEED 2009, which is one of the well-developed versions of LEED, by using 4021 certified projects in the US, China, Turkey, and Brazil. The results show that significant differences can be identified on most rating categories, including sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design. Using a post hoc analysis, country-specific credit allocation patterns are also identified to help developers to understand existing country-specific green building practices. In addition, it is also found that there is unbalanced achievement of regional priority credits. The study offers a useful reference and benchmark for international developers and contractors to understand the regional variations of LEED 2009 and for regulatory authorities, such as the U.S. Green Building Council, to improve the rating system, especially on designing regional priority credits. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2040584516 | Sustainable Forestry in Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W2943740861 | Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Tourism in Selected Cities in Turkey and Poland | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2943740861 | The paper analyses the sustainable development of tourism in selected cities located in Turkey and in Poland. The starting point for the conducted research was the adoption of indicators used to assess the sustainable development of tourism in the cities of Amasya (Turkey) and Zakopane (Poland). Ultimately, the authors used slightly modified indicators developed by the Voluntary Initiative for Sustainability in Tourism (VISIT). The studies demonstrated that in Amasya the development of tourism is quite stable and revealed quite a lot of deficiencies in Zakopane. Sustainable development was assessed as poor in terms of environmental obligations, in particular waste water management solutions and municipal waste management as well as in terms of water consumption. The research revealed that some of the indicators were not recorded in central statistical offices, which hindered the assessment considerably. This refers mainly to indicators related to social and cultural considerations. In general, the results are rather surprising, as the analysis revealed significant differences in the development of technological infrastructure and land use intensity. Unfortunately, in these aspects, Zakopane seems to have lost the competition. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3140535573 | Does agricultural development induce environmental pollution in E7? A myth or reality | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3140535573 | Environmental degradation caused by various human activities has been a subject of attention over the globe. There is a concern on how to maintain a clean environment and at the same time achieve optimum production of food and non-food products amidst global energy demand. To this end, this study examines the impact of agricultural development, energy use, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in the emerging seven countries that comprises China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Indonesia, and Turkey for the annual time frequency from 1990 to 2016. The study uses a battery of econometrics techniques for soundness of analysis the consist of pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag methodology, dynamic ordinary least squares, and fully modified ordinary least squares as estimation techniques alongside Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test for the direction of causality analysis. Empirical results revealed that value-added agriculture and economic growth are drivers of CO2 emission in the E7 countries, and the rise in renewable energy causes a reduction in CO2 emissions, while in the short run, economic growth has a positive impact on emissions in the focus countries. Causality analysis shows that there is a feedback causality between economic growth and emissions, between value-added agriculture and energy usage, between emission and value-added agriculture, and between economic growth and agricultural development. Furthermore, energy use does not cause emissions directly; it causes economic growth and value-added agriculture which causes emissions. This position aligns with the advocacy of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN-SDG) Targets 7 and 13 of clean energy access and mitigation of climate changes issues. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3035736103 | The Agriculture–Environment Relationship and Environment-based Agricultural Support Instruments in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3035736103 | This study aims to present the environmental performance of agriculture in Turkey, focusing on the post-2000 period, and to evaluate the agri-environmental support instruments in Turkey in light of the data obtained. According to the findings, it can be asserted that, in spite of several positive developments, Turkey’s agriculture seems to be far from sustainable. The number of farmers and the extent of the agricultural land aided by the support instruments account for very small portions of the total figures. At the same time, the amount of support provided to producers also has a very small share of the total agricultural support. Considering the findings about agri-environmental performance and agri-environmental support instruments together, we suggest that while the use of these support instruments is a positive step, the supports have not had an impact on inducing a green transition in agriculture yet. Uncertainties caused by legislative changes, amounts of support falling short of the cost of a green transition in agriculture, lack of knowledge and training activities regarding environment-friendly agricultural methods, and lack of effective organization of agricultural producers are thought to be among the reasons for this result. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1994503438 | For Sustainable Development: Some Aspects on Energy and Environment in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994503438 | Abstract The high energy demand in Turkey is closely linked to economic growth, industrialization, and population increase. Turkish general energy policies are designed to support economic and social development. Natural conditions of Turkey are favorable for utilization of new and renewable energies, such as hydraulic energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass energy, solar energy, and, probably, nuclear energy. As the use of hydraulic and coal in Turkey will reach its full capacity by 2020, imported natural gas, coal, and other resources will be used to meet the energy demand. By 2020, approximately 75% of final energy demand and 67% of electricity supply will be met by coal, oil, and natural gas. Energy investments, which are closely related with the environmental protection, require massive financial resources. It is also important to use standardized equipment and materials in all areas of energy generation, transmission, distribution, and trade. For a sustainable development, the next investmen... | []
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https://openalex.org/W3126278054 | Philanthropic-crowdfunding-partnership: A proof-of-concept study for sustainable financing in low-carbon energy transitions | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3126278054 | This study presents a proof-of-concept focusing on sustainable crowdfunding models for renewables as alternatives to conventional financing instruments and proposes a Philanthropic-Crowdfunding-Partnership (PCP) model. In this regard, this research investigates social welfare by evaluating the change in wealth inequality for the future time horizon by simulating conventional and the PCP financing models on solar farms in the case study of Turkey. The motivation is to find a solution for financing regional development in a holistic approach considering society and the environment to accomplish sustainable development. Furthermore, it also aims to provide insights into innovative public-private partnerships to unlock new horizons for development by incorporating citizen participation at large. The PCP model’s objective is to mobilize capital throughout the public by prioritizing individuals along with small and medium enterprises over the large corporates in fundraising for renewable energy projects, mainly solar farms. This paper provides quantitative evidence that the PCP functions as a sustainable and alternative financing model by dramatically reducing wealth inequality. Besides, the PCP holds the potential to become a self-sufficient financing mechanism for projects ranging from small ones to mega initiatives. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2162205773 | Searching for a Balance Between Community Needs and Conservation Policies in Historic Neighbourhoods of Istanbul | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2162205773 | Despite the recent rising interest in sustainability and community-related issues among urban regeneration policy-makers, it is still questionable how far the recent regeneration efforts in historic housing areas achieve a balance between the community needs and conservation policies. To answer this question, this article explores the interplay between conservation, community needs and sustainability in the context of Turkey, focusing on Istanbul. It premises on the assumption that finding the balance between the needs, aspirations and concerns of local communities and the conservation of the built environments will lead to more equitable and sustainable solutions to the problems Istanbul historic quarters are facing. The article explains the interrelation between sustainability, community needs and conservation, investigates whether these notions have been integrated into the urban conservation policy agenda of Turkey or not and then examines the assumption above by focusing on the recent regeneration story of Fener and Balat (F&B), a declining neighbourhood in the historic peninsula of Istanbul. Debating on the strengths and weaknesses of the recent conservation-led regeneration programme, the article gives clues for future regeneration initiatives to achieve a sustainable balance between the conservation and community needs policies in historic neighbourhoods of Istanbul. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2187960678 | Real Estate Development at Landslides | [
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https://openalex.org/W3202179663 | Indispensable role of coal as an energy source in Turkey with focus on biodesulphurization studies and advances | [
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https://openalex.org/W2760456784 | Evaluating efforts to build sustainable WEEE reverse logistics network design: comparison of regulatory and non-regulatory approaches | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2760456784 | Many developing countries such as Turkey are still making an effort on building an infrastructure for waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) reverse logistic network design (RLND) processes. It is obvious that policies/laws/regulations related to WEEE management provide a sustainable framework for implementation in the RLND. The question is here: Does the implementation of WEEE directives make sense in terms of reducing the total cost of the network in the long term? This study aims to compare regulatory and non-regulatory situations of WEEE RLND in developing countries by formulating two models named as ‘regulatory’ and ‘non-regulatory’. Model 1 is considered as sustainable with economic, environmental and social goals, and the quotas imposed by the environmental directive are taken into consideration as the data of product return amount. In Model 2, only economic goal is considered, and product return amount is forecasted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A case study is conducted in a recycling company in order to evaluate performance of the proposed models. This study contributes to the relevant literature by (1) comparing the regulatory and non-regulatory situations RL models explicitly and (2) proposing ANN model to forecast EEE product return or WEEE quantity for non-regulatory situation. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2782530658 | Environmental sustainability in local governments: A case of Turkish municipalities | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2782530658 | This study investigated the level of perception and understanding of local government staff about environmental sustainability tools and implementations in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It employed qualitative methods and the data was collected via interview method. The study adapted Bostancı’s eco-municipality researches to investigate sustainability tools of municipalities in Turkey. According to this research, issues such as LA 21’s appendage as city councils, strategies of directory of environment, sustainable urban planning, green transportation, waste management, urban transformation, renewable energy projects, social activities, green certified public buildings and energy productivity projects were evaluated by the municipal staff whether the issues were sufficient or insufficient. The qualitative findings indicated that strategy-based implementations such as sustainable planning, participator policies, and laws were more successful than project-based implementations such as renewable energy projects, green transportations etc. In addition, some evidences show that staff of local governments knew the importance of sustainability but there is some lack of practices. From the findings, this approach supports the argument that each local government should have their own Local Agenda 21 program. Also, the study offers local governments to keep guidance of International Conference on Language, Education and Innovation (ICLEI) and LA 21 program for sustainable development in the long-term. With the findings, the study can be a good sample for the municipality which has been following LA 21 program for a long time. Key words: Local governments, municipality, environmental sustainability, sustainable development, Local Agenda 21, Istanbul-Turkey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2007191104 | Adoption of the EU SEA Directive in Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007191104 | This paper analyses the adoption of the EU Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive (2001/42/EC) in Turkey as part of a programme of environmental policy harmonisation for EU accession, to explore the extent to which this is driving wider shifts in modes of environmental governance. To do this, rather than simply assess compliance with Directive in narrow, formal, statutory terms, we use Jänicke and Weidner's concept of capacity building, which focuses on the constraints facing societal action to promote sustainable development. Despite the resources invested in pre-accession training and pilot SEA projects, Turkey's adoption of the Directive is still likely to be affected by the centralised nature of the bureaucracy (affecting the scope for sectoral integration), its politicised nature (interrupting the accumulation of policy learning), the limited capacity of civil society and environmental organisations to engage with the process, and the political dominance of economic development objectives. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2740605106 | Commentary on Assessing the Turkish defense industry: structural issues and major challenges | [
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"Turkey"
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| [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2740605106 | The reform process of Turkish defense industry as launched in the last quarter of the twentieth century has seen several achievements, as well as downfalls, and passed through major milestones. The resultant industrial structure is unique, compared to the other sectors in the country. Dominated by the TSKGV (Turkish Armed Forces Foundation), the major goal of the sector has always been involved in attaining self-sufficiency, indicative of an import substitution-oriented industry policy. This strategy is evident in decision-making and execution processes of virtually all defense procurement programs. However, lack of an efficient mechanism for science and technology policy-making mechanism, is observed as a major obstacle toward sustainable development of the sector. Although benefited from the overall economic take-off during the 2000s, today the Turkish defense industry faces to the challenge of sustainability, which is heavily dependent on export performance. The forthcoming period will test the sector, revealing the necessary coordination and communication by and between the military and civilian bureaucracies. | [
{
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|
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https://openalex.org/W3206418051 | The Role of Municipalities in Achieving Water Security | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3206418051 | The world has realized the fact that the limited resources can't be sustainable for a long time. Sustainable transformation is a key issue to save the current resources and natural environment for the next generation. 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can help governments to focus on main issues to achieve a balance between social, environmental, and economic development. At this point, Goal 6 points out the importance of saving clean and safe freshwater resources. This chapter aims to present the link between municipalities and water security in Turkey. Turkey case was selected according to its risky position in the level of water stress. This study used recent reports and statistical data on environmental indicators related with freshwater resources and the implications of municipalities in Turkey. Environmental Indicators 2020 Report guided the authors to determine water indicators in Turkey. In addition, the available open access data from TURKSTAT is used to determine water supply services of municipalities. | [
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https://openalex.org/W116954849 | A Cumulative Belief Degree Approach for Prioritization of Energy Sources: Case of Turkey | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W116954849 | Energy planning is difficult to model owing to its complex structure, with numerous decision makers, criteria, and scenarios. Fortunately, decision-making methods can be helpful for the sustainable development of energy, by the evaluation of different energy sources with regard to multiple aspects, for example, economic, environmental, political etc. In this study, a methodology based on a cumulative belief degree approach is proposed for the prioritization of energy sources. The approach enables the use of all types of evaluations, without the loss of any information. It also allows for incomplete expert evaluations which may occur in the energy sources prioritization problem. Turkey, like many countries, generates most of energy from fossil fuels, which are imported mostly from other countries. However, the enormous increase in oil prices, and an emerging energy demand, owing to economic growth and environmental issues, is forcing Turkey to improve its sustainable energy planning. Therefore, the proposed methodology is applied to the energy sources prioritization of Turkey. Results show that solar power and wind should be considered as the priori sources of energy in Turkey. | [
{
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https://openalex.org/W2896243573 | FARMERS’ SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PERCEPTION IN TURKEY: THE CASE OF MERSIN PROVINCE | [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2896243573 | The main purpose of this study was to measure farmers’ sustainable agriculture perception and its determinants in Turkey based on a case study in Mersin Province. The data were collected from randomly selected 239 farmers in June 2017. The data set were gathered by using a structured questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.946. According to the result, farmers had favorable perception in issues related to sustainable agricultural practices such as protection of agricultural resources, negative effects of agrochemicals on human health and the environment, input application, crop rotation, minimum tillage etc. In addition, the study revealed that agricultural programs on TV and radio, credit use and cooperative partnership were factors that affected farmers’ sustainable agriculture perceptions. The study investigated farmers’ sustainable agriculture perception, not predict whether farmers will adopt sustainable agriculture practices or whether they did them. Hence, it is necessary that further research should be conducted to find out whether farmers are likely to do so or whether really they did them. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2505200580 | Sustainable Strategies of Urban Planning | [
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| [
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"Turkey"
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| [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2505200580 | Ecosystem degradation and environmental urban development create a new trend in the context of global ecological crisis. This trend involves the need to shift urban facilities to sustainable development, which in turn is linked to the necessity to modernize urban environment in the view of comfort, economy, and ecological compatibility. The design of sustainable cities plays a natural catalytic role for change and improvement of the environment quality. This paper analyses sustainable development strategies and methodological principles of sustainable architecture in particular, which served as a basis to define a set of core principles of establishing architectural solutions of energy-efficient buildings such as urban, architectural and planning, design concepts as well as the principles of the use of renewable energy. The project of energy-efficient school in Gaziantep, Turkey, being the sustainable architectural model, was used as an example to show the application of the methodology and demonstrate the comprehensive integration of engineering, architectural and energy-efficient solutions into the facility in question. | [
{
"display_name": "Procedia Engineering",
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{
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|
|
https://openalex.org/W2294107608 | Resident satisfaction for sustainable urban regeneration | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/I168864056",
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"display_name": "Yasemin Afacan",
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| [
"Turkey"
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| [
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2294107608 | In Turkey, there has been increasing construction activity since 2002, and the urban environment is being altered through a range of construction activities. Both the public and private sectors have contributed directly to these activities through urban regeneration projects and by transforming the negative impacts of poorly planned projects through urban rehabilitation. However, there are negative impacts of these urban regeneration developments. Little attention has been paid to user needs and expectations or to managing regeneration in sustainable ways. Understanding resident satisfaction in regenerated urban areas is a prerequisite for reducing the environmental impact of buildings, increasing sustainable quality and creating healthy urban environments. Thus, in this study, resident satisfaction is investigated through a field survey with 200 residents in Ankara, Turkey. Çukurambar, a regenerated urban area of 4·2 ha, was chosen as the study location. The study, which aimed to determine how to provide housing and commercial areas, was conducted by the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality and began in 2006 and was completed in 2009. By means of statistical analyses, resident satisfaction and importance levels were calculated. The study confirmed the multidimensional nature of sustainable urban development and correlated relationships of different dimensions for neighbourhood satisfaction. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2104897021 | Economy and Sustainability—How Economic Integration Stimulates Stringent Environmental Regulations | [
{
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{
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{
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| [
"Turkey"
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| [
"https://openalex.org/W1991130314",
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104897021 | The interaction between economic integration and environmental policy has become an important issue in the last few years. Despite the considerable scholarly attention this topic attracted, actual government responses in terms of environmental policy outputs remain largely untouched by both theoretical and empirical work. To fill this gap, we suggest a theory-based disaggregation of the compound variable economic integration for deriving more precise expectations on its differential impact on environmental policy arrangements. In doing so, we show that economic integration may indeed trigger the promulgation of more demanding environmental regulations. To illustrate our arguments empirically, we analyze the development of Turkish clean air policy between 1975 and 2005. | [
{
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{
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{
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|
|
https://openalex.org/W2184727821 | Forest diversity, climate change and forest fires in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. | [
{
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| [
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{
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| https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2184727821 | This paper reviews the forest resources in Turkey in the light of published literature and summarises extensive fieldwork undertaken in the Mediterranean phytogeograhical region of Turkey. The issues of landscape change and the associated drivers are addressed and the threats to the forest diversity are considered. It notes the impacts of climate change and forest fires and attemepts have been made to put forth future options for sustainable forest development. | [
{
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