translation
translation |
---|
{
"en": "However, the last one is seldom used because it could be confused with Hokke Sect of Nichiren kyogaku (religious doctrine advocated by Nichiren).",
"ja": "äœããæåŸã®åŒã³åã¯æ¥è®æåŠã®æ³è¯å®ãšæ··ä¹±ãæãå Žåãæãããã«çšããªãããšãå€ãã"
} |
{
"en": "The writings related to the Tendai Sect were initially brought into Japan by Ganjin Wajo, who was a priest of the Ritsu Sect as well as the Tendai Sect.",
"ja": "åããåŸå®ãšå€©å°å®å
ŒåŠã®å§éçåäžãæ¥æ¥ããŠå€©å°å®é¢é£ã®å
žç±ãæ¥æ¬ã«å
¥ã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Then, Denkyo daishi Saicho (767 - 822) traveled to Tang (805), visited Mt. Tendai, learned the doctrine of the Tendai Sect, returned to Japan (806) and founded the Japanese Tendai Sect.",
"ja": "次ãã§ãäŒæå€§åž«ææŸïŒããã¡ããã767幎-822幎ïŒãå»¶æŠ24幎ïŒ805幎ïŒåã«æž¡ã倩å°å±±ã«ã®ãŒãããã®æããåããŠç¿å¹ŽïŒ806幎ïŒåž°åœãäŒããã®ãæ¥æ¬ã«ããã倩å°å®ã®ã¯ããŸãã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "At that time, Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara), such as the Hosso Sect and the Kegon Sect, had already been introduced into Japan, but in China, they were the sects that were founded later than Tendai Sect.",
"ja": "ãã®æä»£ããã§ã«æ¥æ¬ã«ã¯æ³çžå®ãè¯å³å®ãªã©åéœå
å®ãäŒããããŠãããããããã¯äžåœã§ã¯å€©å°å®ããæ°ããæç«ããå®æŽŸã§ãã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "After returning to Japan, Saicho came back to Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei and since then, he nurtured many Buddhist monks including Ennin and Enchin.",
"ja": "ææŸã¯æ¥æ¬ãžåž°åœåŸãæ¯å¡å±±å»¶æŠå¯ºã«æ»ããåŸå¹Žåä»ã»åççå€ãã®å§äŸ¶ã茩åºããã"
} |
{
"en": "As Saicho advocated the doctrine of Hokke ichijo which asserted all people were able to become Buddha, disputes arose between Nara Buddhism (Nanto rokushu) which stuck to the position of Theravada Buddhism.",
"ja": "ææŸã¯ãã¹ãŠã®è¡çã¯æä»ã§ãããšããæ³è¯äžä¹ã®ç«å Žã説ããå°ä¹çç«å Žãå
æããå¥è¯ä»æãšè«äºãèµ·ããã"
} |
{
"en": "In particular, the debate conducted between the Tokuitsu of the Hosso Sect is well-known.",
"ja": "ç¹ã«æ³çžå®ã®åŸ³äžãšã®è«äºã¯æåã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "His innovative initiatives to establish Daijo kaidan, recognize monks who received Daijokai (the commandment of Mahayana Buddhism) as Tendai Sect monks and train them as Bosatsuso (priests of Mahayana Buddhism) by containing them in Mt. Hiei for 12 years deepened the confrontation between Nara Buddhism, which monopolized, due to vested interests, and Kaidan-in which were authorized to grant Shojokai (commandments of Theravada Buddhism) brought by Ganjin Wajo.",
"ja": "ãŸããéçåäžãå°æ¥ããå°ä¹æãæããæå£é¢ãç¬å ããå¥è¯ä»æã«å¯ŸããŠã倧乿å£ãèšç«ãã倧乿ãåæããè
ã倩å°å®ã®å§äŸ¶ãšèªããè©è©å§ãšããŠ12å¹Žéæ¯å¡å±±ã«ç± å±±ããŠåŠåã»ä¿®è¡ãä¿®ãããšãã驿°çãªææŸã®æ§æ³ã¯ãæ¢åŸæš©çãšãªã£ãŠããå¥è¯ä»æãšå¯Ÿç«ãæ·±ããã"
} |
{
"en": "As Daijokai was deemed at that time as commandments for secular people, not for Buddhist monks (even at present, Daijokai is not recognized as Buddhist precepts under Theravada Buddhism, such as Sri Lanka Theravada Buddhism), the refutation by Nanto (Nara) priests might be reasonable in light of the common sense that then prevailed.",
"ja": "åœæå€§ä¹æã¯ä¿äººã®æãšãããå§äŸ¶ã®æåŸãšã¯èããããŠãããïŒçŸåšã§ãã¹ãªã©ã³ã«äžåº§éšãªã©åæ¹ä»æã§ã¯å€§ä¹æã¯æåŸãšããŠèªããããŠããªãïŒãåéœã®åŠå§ãåè«ããããšã¯åœæã®åžžèã«ç
§ãããŠåŠ¥åœãªãã®ãšèšãããã"
} |
{
"en": "As a result of disputes, imperial sanction concerning Daijo kaidan was given after Saicho's death and the Tendai Sect was formally established, both in name and substance, as an independent religious sect.",
"ja": "è«äºã®æ«ãææŸã®æ²¡åŸã«å€§ä¹æå£ã®å
èš±ãäžããåå®ãšãã«å€©å°å®ãç¬ç«ããå®æŽŸãšããŠç¢ºç«ããã"
} |
{
"en": "While Mikkyo of the Shingon Sect is called Tomitsu, that of the Tendai sect is called Taimitsu.",
"ja": "çèšå®ã®å¯æãæ±å¯ãšåŒã¶ã®ã«å¯Ÿãã倩å°å®ã®å¯æã¯å°å¯ãšåŒã°ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Religious sects that deem Nichiren to be the real Buddha in the Mappo era criticize the current Japanese Tendai Sect asserting that it is close to the Shingon Sect because it has substantially incorporated the elements of Esoteric Buddhism and the teaching of Mt. Hiei was distorted by Ennin and Enchin because they incorporated Shingon Esoteric Buddhism after Saicho's death and against his will.",
"ja": "æ¥è®ãæ«æ³ã®æ¬ä»ãšããå®æŽŸãªã©ã¯ãçŸåšã®æ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°å®ã¯å¯æã倧å¹
ã«åãå
¥ããŠãããããããçèšå®ã«è¿ããææŸäº¡ãåŸããã®æåãç¡èŠããåä»ã»åçãªã©ãçèšå¯æãåãå
¥ãæ¯å¡å±±ãè¬æ³åïŒæ£ããæ³ãä¿¡ãããããããšïŒãããã®ã ãšæ¹å€ããåããããã"
} |
{
"en": "In considering the above, however, several points, including historical situation, should be taken into account.",
"ja": "ãããããã«ã¯æŽå²çãªäºæ
ãªã©èæ
®ãã¹ããã€ã³ããããã€ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "When Tendai daishi Chigi, who is said to be the founder of Tendai Sect in China, advocated Kyoso hanjaku (also called Kyohan for short) based on Goji hakkyo, in which he systemized Buddhism as a whole according to the doctrine of Hokke-kyo sutra, Esoteric Buddhism had not yet been introduced and therefore, it was not included in Kyohan.",
"ja": "åœåãäžåœã®å€©å°å®ã®ç¥ãšãããã倩å°å€§åž«æºé¡ããæ³è¯çµã®æçŸ©ã«ãã£ãŠä»æå
šäœãäœç³»åããäºæå
«æã®æçžå€éïŒç¥ããŠæå€ãšããïŒãå±ãããããã®æä»£ã¯ãŸã 坿ã¯äŒæ¥ããŠãããããã®æå€ã®äžã«ã¯å«ãŸããŠããªãã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "However, Esoteric Buddhism, the latest Buddhism at the time, had already been introduced when Denkyo daishi Saicho, the founder of the Japanese Tendai sect, traveled to Tang.",
"ja": "ãããæ¥æ¬å€©å°å®ã®å®ç¥ã»äŒæå€§åž«ææŸããåã«æž¡ã£ãæä»£ã«ãªããšææ°ã®ä»æã§ãã坿ãäŒããããŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "As Saicho worried that Japanese Esoteric Buddhism was imperfect, he received Kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor) of Esoteric Buddhism from Jungyo and returned to Japan with the intention of systemizing Buddhism as a whole, including Esoteric Buddhism.",
"ja": "ææŸã¯ãŸã æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å¯æãäžåã§ããããšãæãã坿ãå«ãã仿ã®ãã¹ãŠãäœç³»åããããšèããé æïŒãã
ããããïŒãã坿ã®çé ãåãæã¡åž°ã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "When Kukai returned from Tang one year later after Saicho had returned, Saicho recognized that the Esoteric Buddhism he had learned in Tang from Jungyo was collateral and asked Kukai with the utmost courtesy to take him in as a disciple in order to study Esoteric Buddhism, but he eventually parted from Kukai due to their differences in views on Buddhism.",
"ja": "ãããææŸãåž°åœããŠäžå¹ŽåŸã«ç©ºæµ·ãåããåž°åœãããšãèªèº«ãåã§é æããåŠãã 坿ã¯åç³»ã®ãã®ã ãšæ°ã¥ãã空海ã«ç€Œãå°œãããŠåŒåãšãªã坿ãåŠãŒããšããããæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«äž¡è
ã®ä»æèгã®éããé¡ã決å¥ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Due to the above, incorporation of perfect Esoteric Buddhism into Tendai kyogaku was stopped.",
"ja": "ããã«ããæ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°æåŠã«ãããå®å
šãªå¯æã®ç·šå
¥ã¯ãã£ããã¹ãããããã"
} |
{
"en": "However, there is no doubt about the fact that Saicho intended to establish the doctrine of comprehensive Buddhism by integrating Buddhist precepts based on Hokke-kyo sutra, Zen, Nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and Esoteric Buddhism and his disciples, including Ennin and Enchin, succeeded Saicho's will, restudied Esoteric Buddhism and completed Tendai kyogaku which had been the earnest desire of Saicho.",
"ja": "ãšã¯ãããææŸèªèº«ãæ³è¯çµãåºç€ãšããæåŸãçŠ
ã念ä»ããããŠå¯æã®èåã«ããç·å仿ãšããŠã®æçŸ©ç¢ºç«ãç®æããŠããã®ã¯çŽãããªãäºå®ã§ãããåä»ã»åçãªã©ã®åŒåãã¡ã¯ææŸèªèº«ã®æå¿ãåŒç¶ã坿ãåŠã³çŽããŠãææŸã®æ²é¡ã§ãã倩尿åŠã®ç¢ºç«ãèŠãã®ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Therefore, it can be said that the origin of the current Tendai Esoteric Buddhism is not Ennin and Enchin but Saicho himself.",
"ja": "ãããã£ãŠä»æ¥ã®å€©å°å¯æã®ç³»èã¯ãåä»ã»åçã«èµ·å ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããææŸã«ãã®æºæµãèŠåºã ãããšãã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Further, as Enchin pointed out 5 defects in Kukai's 'Jujushinron' (Ten Stages of Mind Development) and refuted it as 'there is no superiority or inferiority between Tendai and Shingon,' the views held by sects which deem Nichiren to be the real Buddha that Ennin and Enchin distorted Tendai by incorporating Shingon Esoteric Buddhism, is completely denied by the above fact.",
"ja": "ãŸãåçã¯ã空海ã®ãåäœå¿è«ããäºã€ã®æ¬ ç¹ããããšææãã倩å°ãšçèšã«ã¯åªå£ã¯ãªãããšåè«ããŠãããæ¥è®ãæ¬ä»ãšããå®æŽŸã®ãåä»ã»åçã¯å€©å°ã«çèšå¯æãåãå
¥ãè¬æ³åãããªã©ãšããèŠè§£ã¯ããã«ãããŠãå®å
šã«åŠå®ãããŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "The difference between Shingon Esoteric Buddhism (Tomitsu) and Tendai Esoteric Buddhism (Taimitsu) is that while Tomitsu advocates its doctrine with Dainichi nyorai being its principal image, Taimitsu takes the stance of Hokke ichijo with Shakamunibutsu of Kuon-jitsujo (eternal life of the Buddha), which is the principal image of Hokke-kyo sutra, being its principal image.",
"ja": "ãªãçèšå¯æïŒæ±å¯ïŒãšã倩å°å¯æïŒå°å¯ïŒã®éãã¯ãæ±å¯ã¯å€§æ¥åŠæ¥ãæ¬å°ãšããæçŸ©ãå±éããŠããã®ã«å¯Ÿããå°å¯ã¯ãããŸã§æ³è¯äžä¹ã®ç«å Žãåããæ³è¯çµã®æ¬å°ã§ããä¹
é 宿ã®é迊çå°Œä»ãšããŠããããšã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "In view of the above-mentioned, it is pointed out that the Japanese Tendai Sect founded by Saicho is, in spite of the same name, a different one from the Chinese Tendai Sect which is based on Hokke-kyo sutra and founded by Chigi, and although it succeeds Chigi's doctrine and is based on Hokke-kyo sutra, it is a unique one that tried to fuse the elements of Zen, Buddhist precepts, nenbutsu and Esoteric Buddhism or the one that tried to develop Chigi's Tendai kyogaku while succeeding it.",
"ja": "ãŸãäžèšã®äºé
ãããåã倩å°å®ãšãã£ãŠããæºé¡ã確ç«ããæ³è¯çµã«äŸãäžåœã®å€©å°å®ãšã¯éããææŸãéããæ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°å®ã¯ãæºé¡ã®èª¬ãåãç¶ãæ³è¯çµãäžå¿ãšãã€ã€ããçŠ
ãæã念ä»ã坿ã®èŠçŽ ãå«ã¿ããããã®èåã詊ã¿ãç¬ç¹ãªãã®ã§ãæ§æ Œãããç°ãªããã®ããŸãæºé¡ã®å€©å°æåŠãç¶æ¿ãã€ã€ãããããã«çºå±ããããšè©Šã¿ããã®ã§ãããšææãããŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "Therefore, Enryaku-ji Temple is also called dojo (a hall used for training) for Shishu kengaku.",
"ja": "ãããã£ãŠå»¶æŠå¯ºã¯åå®å
ŒåŠã®éå ŽãšãåŒã°ããŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "Ascetic training of the Tendai Sect emphasizes 'Shikan,' which is based on Hokke-kyo sutra and could be said to be Hokke Zen.",
"ja": "倩å°å®ã®ä¿®è¡ã¯æ³è¯çµãäžå¿ãšããæ³è¯çŠ
ãšãèšãã¹ããæ¢èŠ³ããéãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Ascetic training of the current Japanese Tendai Sect can be summarized in the words of \"asa daimoku, yu nenbutsu\" (read the Lotus Sutra in the morning and pray to Amida Buddha in the evening).",
"ja": "ãŸããçŸåšã®æ¥æ¬ã®å€©å°å®ã®ä¿®è¡ã¯æé¡ç®ã»å€å¿µä»ãšããèšèã«éçŽãããã"
} |
{
"en": "In the morning, Buddhist monks practice daimoku, namely gyoho of chanting Hokke-kyo sutra (it is called hokke senbo) and in the evening, they practice gyoho of praying to a principal image Amida Buddha (it is called reiji saho).",
"ja": "ååäžã¯é¡ç®ãã€ãŸãæ³è¯çµã®èªèªŠãäžå¿ãšããè¡æ³ïŒæ³è¯æºæ³ãšããïŒãè¡ããååŸã¯é¿åŒ¥éä»ãæ¬å°ãšããè¡æ³ïŒäŸæäœæ³ãšããïŒãè¡ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Shikangyo developed further in later years and became the first step of the development of new Buddhism called 'nenbutsu.'",
"ja": "ããã¯åŸã«çºå±ããã念ä»ããšããæ°ããªä»æã®å±éã®èèœãšãªã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "The sect strengthened its basis by conducting incantation of Tendai Esoteric Buddhism (Taimitsu) and becoming comprehensive Buddhism (there is doubt and criticism concerning the reason why the sect needed to conduct nenbutsu and/or incantation if it believed the doctrine of Hokke-kyo sutra was right).",
"ja": "倩å°å¯æïŒå°å¯ïŒãªã©ã®å æãè¡ããç·å仿ãšãªãäºã«ãã£ãŠåºç€ãåºããïŒããããæ³è¯çµã®æçŸ©ãæ£ããã®ãªãã°ããªã念ä»ãå æãè¡ããã°ãªããªãã®ãããšããçåã»æ¹å€ãããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "Furthermore, in later years, the sect established the Tendai hongaku philosophy, which asserts that Buddhist nature dwells in all beings.",
"ja": "ããã«åŸäžã«ã¯å
šãŠã®ååšã«ä»æ§ã宿ããšãã倩尿¬èŠææ³ã確ç«ããããšã«ãªãã"
} |
{
"en": "As the sect played a leading role in the education of Buddhism in Japan, many scholar monks who advocated new religious sect doctrines, such as the Yuzu Nenbutsu Sect, the Jodo Sect, the Jodo-Shin Sect, the Rinzai Sect, the Soto Sect and the Nichiren Sect, were turned out from the sect from the end of Heian period to Kamakura period.",
"ja": "é·ãæ¥æ¬ã®ä»ææè²ã®äžå¿ã§ãã£ããããå¹³å®æä»£æ«æããéåæä»£ã«ãããŠèé念ä»å®ã»æµåå®ã»æµåçå®ã»èšæžå®ã»æ¹æŽå®ã»æ¥è®å®ãªã©ã®æ°ãã宿šãå±ããåŠå§ãå€ã茩åºããäºãšãªãã"
} |
{
"en": "Bosatsu, or Bodhisattva (in Sanskrit) is a disciplinant who wants to become Buddha (tries to become Nyorai) in Buddhism.",
"ja": "è©è©ïŒãŒãã€ãbodhisattva(sanskrit)ïŒã¯ã仿ã«ãããŠãæä»ãæ±ããïŒåŠæ¥ã«æãããšããïŒä¿®è¡è
ã"
} |
{
"en": "Later Bosatsu, in spite of a disciplinant, became a target of people's belief because it was considered to live with people and lead people to Buddha's teaching.",
"ja": "åŸã«è©è©ã¯ãä¿®è¡äžã§ã¯ãããã人ã
ãšå
±ã«æ©ã¿ãæãã«å°ããšããããšã§ã庶æ°ã®ä¿¡ä»°ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠãã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Summary",
"ja": "æŠèŠ"
} |
{
"en": "It came from the phrase \"bodhi-sattva\" in Sanskrit.",
"ja": "ãµã³ã¹ã¯ãªããèªã®ããŒãã£ãµãããŽã¡(bodhi-sattva)ãé³åãããã®ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Bodhi means 'awake,' and sattva means 'a living person' so that it was freely translated into 'the living things' or 'humanity.'",
"ja": "bodhiã¯ãèŠãã§ãããsattvaã¯ãçããŠããè
ãã®æå³ã§è¡çãšãææ
ãšæèš³ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "For this reason he is referred to in the two senses of 'a person who pursues enlightenment' and 'a person who has awakened' so that there are two kinds of Bosatsu in India, while in China 'an Indian Mahayana Buddhism monk' is also called Bosatsu.",
"ja": "ãã®ããããèŠããæ±ãã人ããšãæããå
·ãã人ãã®äºã€ã®æå³ã§åŒã°ããã®ã§ãã€ã³ãã§ã®è©è©ã«ã¯2çš®é¡ã®è©è©ããããã«äžåœã§ã¯ãã€ã³ãã®å€§ä¹ä»æã®å§ããè©è©ãšåŒãã ã"
} |
{
"en": "As a result, there are three kinds of Bosatsu.",
"ja": "åŸã£ãŠãåãè©è©ã«3çš®é¡ããããšã«ãªãã"
} |
{
"en": "However, merely seeking enlightenment leads to the same as Shomon, Engaku and Bykakushibutsu, so that in order to avoid this, the Hannya-kyo sutra, a Mahayana sutra of the early stage, added Bodhisattva Mahasattva (è©è©æ©èš¶è©) and Mahasattva (æ©èš¶è©) (the great living thing) and differentiated Mahayana Bosatsu.",
"ja": "ãã ããèŠããæ±ãããã ãã§ã¯å£°èïŒãããããïŒãçžèŠïŒããããïŒãèŸæ¯ä»ïŒã³ãããã¶ã€ãPratyekabuddhaïŒãšåãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã®ã§ãããããããããã«åæå€§ä¹çµå
žã§ããè¬è¥çµã§ã¯è©è©æ©èš¶è©ãšãæ©èš¶è©ïŒå倧ãªè¡çïŒãä»å ããŠå€§ä¹ã®è©è©ãå·®å¥åããŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "Additionally, in the Hannyashin-kyo sutra translated by Genjo there is a word, 'è©æè©åµ' in the latter part, which is said that it was intentionally divided into 'è©æ' and 'è©åµ' according to nirukti.",
"ja": "ãªããçå¥èš³ã®è¬è¥å¿çµã«ã¯åŸæ®µã«ãè©æè©ããšããèªãããããããã¯æŒ¢èš³ã«ãããèªæºåŠçè§£éïŒniruktiïŒã§æå³çã«ãè©æïŒè©åµããšåå²ãããšãã説ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "In the Mahaprajnaparamita-sutra, Daihannyaharamitta-kyo Sutra translated by Genjo, it was described as Bodhisattva Mahasattva (è©è©æ©èš¶è©).",
"ja": "çå¥èš³å€§è¬è¥æ³¢çŸ
èå€çµã§ã¯è©è©æ©èš¶è©ãšãªã£ãŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "After the idea of Bosatsu was established, the rank of Bosatsu was produced next.",
"ja": "倧ä¹ã®è©è©ã®æŠå¿µãå®çãããšã次ã¯è©è©ã®éäœãèšããããã"
} |
{
"en": "This had been segmented and structured in accordance with the development of Mahayana Buddhism, but various theories emerged according to the interpretation of sutra.",
"ja": "ããã¯ã倧ä¹ä»æã®çºå±ãšãšãã«çްååãæ§é åãããããçµè«ã«ãã£ãŠæèª¬ãçš®ã
äžåã«ãªã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "In \"Kegon-kyo Sutra\" and \"Sutra of the Fundamental Vows of the Jeweled Bodhisattva,\" the status or grades of training were divided into 52 ranks, ranging from Myokaku, Tokaku, Jicchi (Ten Stages), Jueko (Ten Transferences), Jugyo (Ten Behavioral Activities), Juju (Ten Dwelling), Jushin (Ten Faith), and from this 52 ranks have often been adopted.",
"ja": "ãè¯å³çµãåã³ãè©è©ççæ¬æ¥ç¶ãã§ã¯ãè©è©ã®å¢æ¶¯ããããã¯ä¿®è¡ã®éäœã¯ãäžããåŠèŠãçèŠãåå°ãåå»»åãåè¡ãåäœãåä¿¡ã®52ã®äœã«ãŸã§åãããããã®52äœãæ¡çšããããšãå€ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Myokaku",
"ja": "åŠèŠïŒã¿ããããïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "The last position of the 52 ranks for Bosatsu training, Bosatsu in Tokaku rank, gets this rank by overcoming Mumyo, abidya, of Ippon.",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®éäœã§ãã52äœã®æåŸã®äœã§ãçèŠäœã®è©è©ããããã«äžåïŒãã£ãœãïŒã®ç¡æãæããŠããã®äœã«å
¥ãã"
} |
{
"en": "It is also a rank with overcoming Bonno (earthly desires), and is seen as being the same as Buddha and Nyorai.",
"ja": "ãªãäžåã®ç
©æ©ãæãå°œãããäœã§ãä»ã»åŠæ¥ãšåäžèŠãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Tokaku",
"ja": "çèŠïŒãšãããïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "It is the fifty-first rank and one of the highest of the 52 ranks for Bosatsu training, and it means that its wisdom and virtue become equal to those of Myokaku, a Buddha of ç¥äžåŸ³åæº.",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®éäœã§ãã52äœã®äžã51äœã§ããè©è©ã®æ¥µäœã§ããã®æºåŸ³ãç¥äžåŸ³åæºã®ä»ãåŠèŠãšçãããªã£ããšããæå³ã§çèŠãšããã"
} |
{
"en": "Jicchi, Juchi, Ten Stages",
"ja": "åå°ïŒãã£ã¡ããã
ãã¢ïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "From the forty-first through fiftieth in the 52 ranks of Bosatsu training",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®éäœã§ãã52äœã®äžã第41ïœ50äœãŸã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "The 10 ranks from the highest are as follows: dharma-cloud, the finest wisdom, unperturbed state, afar practice, open mind, mastery of utmost difficulty, glowing wisdom, illumination, purity, and joy from the upper rank.",
"ja": "äžããæ³é²ã»åæ³ã»äžåã»é è¡ã»çŸåã»é£åã»çå
ã»çºå
ã»é¢å¢ã»æåã®10äœã"
} |
{
"en": "It was named 'å°', 'a land' because it can be compared to a land putting on all things and giving benefit to them that Bosatsu gets the wisdom of Buddha, keeps holding without moving, bears the burden of all living things, teaches them and gives them benefit.",
"ja": "仿ºãçæããããäœæããŠåãããããããè¡çãè·è² ãæäžå©çããããšãã倧å°ãäžç©ãèŒãããããæœ€çããããã«äŒŒãŠãããããå°ããšåã¥ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Jueko, Ten Transferences",
"ja": "åå»»åïŒãã
ããããïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "From the thirty-first through fortieth in the 52 ranks of Bosatsu training",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®äœéã§ãã52äœã®äžã第31ïœ40äœãŸã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "The 10 ranks from the highest are as follows: Transference of equalizing the boundless dharma realm; Transference of the liberation without any tie nor attachment; Transference of the mark of true suchness; Transference of viewing all sentient beings in equality and harmony; Transference of the good roots of equality and harmony; Transference of the store of boundless virtues; Transference of reaching everywhere; Transference of equalizing all Buddhas; Transference of non-destruction; and Transference of salvaging all sentient beings but detaching from any form of sentient being.",
"ja": "äžããå
¥æ³çç¡éå»»åã»ç¡çžç¡èè§£è±å»»åã»çåŠçžå»»åã»çéé äžåè¡çå»»åã»éé äžåå
åºåæ ¹å»»åã»ç¡å°œå埳èµå»»åã»è³äžååŠå»»åã»çäžå諞ä»å»»åã»äžå£äžåå»»åã»æè·è¡çé¢è¡ççžå»»åã®10äœã"
} |
{
"en": "They are the ranks in which a disciplinant does (å»»æœ) all selfish and altruistic training that it had already done for the living things and tries to reach an enlightenment (仿) by putting this good deed after Jugyo.",
"ja": "åè¡ãçµãã£ãŠæŽã«ä»è¿ã«ä¿®ããèªå©ã»å©ä»ã®ããããè¡ããäžåè¡çã®çºã«å»»æœãããšå
±ã«ããã®å埳ã以ã£ãŠä»æã«æ¯ãåããŠãæå¢ã«å°éãããšããäœã"
} |
{
"en": "Jugyo, Ten Behavioral Activities",
"ja": "åè¡ïŒãã
ããããïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "From the twenty-first through thirtieth in the 52 ranks of Bosatsu training",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®äœéã§ãã52äœã®äžã第21ïœ30äœãŸã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "The 10 ranks, from the highest, are as follows: manifesting in all things the pure, final and true reality; perfecting Buddha's law by complete virtues; exalting the paramitas among all beings; unimpeded; appearing in any form at will; never out of order; without limit; never resenting; beneficial service; and joyful service.",
"ja": "äžããçå®ã»åæ³ã»å°éã»ç¡èã»åçŸã»é¢ç¡ä¹±è¡ã»ç¡å°œã»ç¡çæ ¹ã»é¥çã»èгåã®10äœã"
} |
{
"en": "This is the rank where Bosatsu tries to relieve the living things in order to complete more altruistic training after getting a certification (å°å¯) as a Buddhist (ä»å) at the end of Juju.",
"ja": "è©è©ããåäœäœã®çµã«ä»åããå°å¯ãåŸãåŸãæŽã«é²ãã§å©ä»ã®ä¿®è¡ãå®ãããçºã«è¡çãæžåºŠããããšã«åªããäœã"
} |
{
"en": "Dana - Generosity, charity, giving of oneself; Sila - Morality, purity of conduct; Ksanti - Endurance, forbearance, patience; Virya - Diligence, zeal; Dhyana - Meditation, mental concentration; Upaya - The ways and means of emptiness and detachment; Pranidhana - Spiritual vows; Bala - Spiritual Powers; Jnana - Spiritual wisdom",
"ja": "åžæœã»ææã»å¿èŸ±ã»ç²Ÿé²ã»çŠ
å®ã»æ¹äŸ¿ã»é¡ã»åã»æºã®åæ³¢çŸ
å¯ã®ããšã"
} |
{
"en": "Juju, Ten Dwellings",
"ja": "åäœïŒãã
ããã
ãïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "From the eleventh through twentieth in the 52 ranks of Bosatsu training",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®äœéã§ãã52äœã®äžã第11ïœ20äœãŸã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "The 10 ranks from the highest are as follows: Kanjo, Abhiseka; Being the prince of the law; Being Buddha's son; Non-retrogression; The whole mind as Buddha's; Perfect expedience; Acquiring the seed of Tathagata; Unobstructed cultivation; Clear understanding and mental control; Setting objectives.",
"ja": "äžããçé ã»æ³çåã»ç«¥çã»äžéã»æ£ä¿¡ã»å
·è¶³æ¹äŸ¿ã»ç貎ã»ä¿®è¡ã»æ²»å°ã»çºå¿ã®10äœã"
} |
{
"en": "It is called 'äœ' in the sense that the mind of the disciplinant lives in Shintai, the real truth after Jushin.",
"ja": "åä¿¡äœãçµãŠå¿ãç諊ïŒããããïŒã®çã«å®äœããããšããæå³ã§ãäœããšåã¥ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Another theory asserts that Jicchi of Bosatsu should be called Juju.",
"ja": "ãããã¯è©è©ã®åå°ãåäœãšãã説ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Jushin, Ten Faiths",
"ja": "åä¿¡ïŒãã
ãããïŒ"
} |
{
"en": "From the first through tenth in the 52 ranks of Bosatsu training",
"ja": "è©è©ä¿®è¡ã®äœéã§ãã52äœã®äžã第1ïœ10äœãŸã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "The 10 ranks, from the highest, are as follows: Vow, Precept, Reflexive power, Non-retrogression, Concentration, Wisdom, Zeal, Remembrance, and Faith.",
"ja": "äžããé¡å¿ã»æå¿ã»å»»åå¿ã»äžéå¿ã»å®å¿ã»æ
§å¿ã»ç²Ÿé²å¿ã»å¿µå¿ã»ä¿¡å¿ã®10äœã"
} |
{
"en": "This is the rank where a disciplinant has no doubt regarding the belief in Buddha's dharma.",
"ja": "ä»ã®ææ³ãä¿¡ããŠçå¿ã®ãªãäœã"
} |
{
"en": "Additionally, Jushin names generically the gebon, (i.e., outer stages) the ranks from Juju to Jueko (called naibon, i.e., inner stages or the three virtuous positions) and the ranks from Jushin to Jueko (called å¡).",
"ja": "ãªããåä¿¡ãå€å¡ãåäœïœåå»»åãŸã§ãå
å¡ãããã¯äžè³¢ãšç§°ããåä¿¡ïœåå»»åãŸã§ãå¡ãšç·ç§°ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Juchi and Tokaku names å , Myokaku names æ, and the ranks from Juchi to Myokaku name è, which are in opposition to å¡",
"ja": "ãŸãåå°ãšçèŠãå ãåŠèŠãæãšç§°ããåå°ïœåŠèŠãŸã§ãèãšç·ç§°ããå¡ãšçžå¯Ÿããã"
} |
{
"en": "Suppositional idea",
"ja": "åææŠå¿µ"
} |
{
"en": "Although there could be various reasons behind the development of the Mahayana Buddhism movement, it can be thought to be a movement that emerged due to the fact that any Hinayana priest who performed the ascetic practices of Shomon could not become Buddha.",
"ja": "倧ä¹ä»æéåãèµ·ãã£ãèæ¯ã«ã¯ããŸããŸãªçç±ãèãããããã声èã®ä¿®è¡ãããŠããéšæŽŸä»æïŒå°ä¹ä»æïŒã®å§äŸ¶ã誰ãæä»ã§ããªãã£ãããšããèµ·ãã£ãéåãšãèããããã"
} |
{
"en": "It was thought that there were two reasons for that, and the disciplinants who could not become Buddha were called as follows:",
"ja": "ãã®å€§ããªèŠå ãäºã€èããæ¬ ããè
ãã¡ã次ã®ããã«åŒãã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Shomon, who was awakened by Buddha's teaching",
"ja": "ä»éã®æããèããŠèŠã£ã声è"
} |
{
"en": "Engaku or Byakushibutsu, who did not preach in spite of reaching enlightenment by itself",
"ja": "ç¬åã§æããªããä»äººã«èª¬ããªãçžèŠãèŸæ¯ä»"
} |
{
"en": "Early in Mahayana Buddhism, these were called two vehicles and were regarded as being unable to become Buddha.",
"ja": "åæå€§ä¹ä»æã§ã¯ããããäºä¹ãšåŒã³ãæä»ã§ããªããšãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Bosatsu as a disciplinant",
"ja": "ä¿®è¡è
ãšããŠã®è©è©"
} |
{
"en": "From the early stage of Buddhism, Buddha in the disciplinant age before enlightenment was called Bosatsu.",
"ja": "åæãããæããéãåã®ä¿®è¡æä»£ã®ä»éã®ããšãè©è©ãšåŒãã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "In Jataka, Shaka's previous life story, a figure of Shaka's previous life was also called Bosatsu.",
"ja": "ããã«é迊ã®åçç©èªã§ããæ¬ç話ïŒãžã£ãŒã¿ã«ïŒã§ã¯ãé迊ã®åçã®å§¿ãè©è©ãšåŒãã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "What was created as a representative of this Bosatsu was Miroku Bosatsu (Maitreya Bodhisattva), who was said to become Buddha next.",
"ja": "ãã®è©è©ã®ä»£è¡šãšããŠåµé ãããã®ããæ¬¡ã«æä»ãããšäŒãããã匥åè©è©ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Miroku Bosatsu is considered to appear in this world as 匥åä» after ascetic training for 5670 million years.",
"ja": "匥åè©è©ã¯56å7åäžå¹Žã®ä¿®è¡ãçµãŠããã®äžã«åŒ¥åä»ãšããŠçŸãããšãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Amitabha Buddha, which later became Amitabha Buddha, is a representative example.",
"ja": "åŸã«é¿åŒ¥éä»ãšãªã£ãé¿åŒ¥éä»ãªã©ããã®ä»£è¡šçäºäŸã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Bosatsu for working in this world",
"ja": "çŸäžã§æŽ»åããããã®è©è©"
} |
{
"en": "Despite having reached enlightenment already, Bosatsu, who was prohibited from becoming Buddha, was created.",
"ja": "ãã§ã«æããåŸãŠããã«ãããããããæä»ãåŠå®ããè©è©ãåµé ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "This is because it was thought that the activity of Buddha itself had a restriction, so that a person who worked for Buddha hand and foot, as it were, was called Bosatsu.",
"ja": "ããã¯ä»éèªèº«ã®æŽ»åã«å¶çŽããããšèããããããã§ãããã°ä»éã®æè¶³ãšãªã£ãп޻åããè
ãè©è©ãšåŒã¶ã"
} |
{
"en": "Monju Bosatsu and Fugen Bosatsu, of the Amida triad, are examples of this.",
"ja": "ãã®ä»£è¡šè
ããé迊äžå°ã®ææ®è©è©ãšæ®è³¢è©è©ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "They are not only symbols of Shaka's functions but also work as functions themselves.",
"ja": "圌ãã¯ãé迊ã®ã¯ãããã象城ããããã§ãªããã¯ããããã®ãã®ãšããŠæŽ»åããã®ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Additionally, Kanzeon Bosatsu and Seishi Bosatsu are Bosatsu who work without regard to becoming Buddhas.",
"ja": "ä»ã«ãã芳äžé³è©è©ãå¢è³è©è©ãªã©ããèªãã®æä»ãšã¯ãããããªããæŽ»åãç¶ããè©è©ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Mahayana priest in India",
"ja": "ã€ã³ãã®å€§ä¹å§"
} |
{
"en": "In China, since the details of the Indian situation were not heard, the priests of the early Mahayana Buddhism were given honorific titles, of Bosatsu in particular.",
"ja": "äžåœã§ã¯ãã€ã³ãã®ææ§ã詳现ã«äŒãã£ãããã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããšã«åæå€§ä¹ä»æã®åŠå§ãã¡ãè©è©ãšå°ç§°ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Ryuju Bosatsu, Seshin Bosatsu and others were examples in this case.",
"ja": "éŸæš¹è©è©ãäžèŠªè©è©ãªã©ãšããã®ãããã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Miroku Bosatsu needs attention.",
"ja": "泚æãå¿
èŠãšãããã®ã¯ã匥åè©è©ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "There were Miroku Bosatsu created as Bosatsu in Isshohusho (äžçè£åŠ, the rank where a disciplinant could become Buddha by one more reincarnation) and Miroku who were told to edit Yugashijiron (there is another opinion that another person edited it but that Miroku was asked to pretend to be an editor (ä»®èšèª¬)).",
"ja": "åµé ãããäžçè£åŠïŒããšäžåã®çã§ä»ãè£ãåŠã«ããïŒã®è©è©ãšããŠã®åŒ¥åè©è©ãšç䌜垫å°è«ãç·šçºãããšäŒãããã匥åïŒä»®èšèª¬ãããïŒãšãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Bosatsu in Japan",
"ja": "æ¥æ¬ã«ãããè©è©"
} |
{
"en": "In Japan it was a subject of faith.",
"ja": "æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ä¿¡ä»°ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãã"
} |
{
"en": "The following major Bosatsu were greatly admired: Kannon Bodhisattva, Kannon Bosatsu, who is depicted as a mother; Miroku Bosatsu who relieves people in the far future; Fugen Bosatsu, who appears in the Hokke-kyo sutra, which says women can become Buddhas and has been deeply admired by women; Monju Bosatsu, who controls the wisdom; and Zijo Bosatsu, who is at the roadsides and nearest to the grass roots.",
"ja": "äž»ãªè©è©ãšããŠãæ¯æ§çãªã€ã¡ãŒãžãæåœ±ããã芳é³è©è©ãã¯ããæªæ¥ã§äººã
ãæã匥åè©è©ã女人æä»ãèª¬ãæ³è¯çµã«ç»å Žã女æ§ã«ç¯€ãä¿¡ä»°ãããŠããæ®è³¢è©è©ãç¥æµãåžãææ®è©è©ãé端ã«ãããã¿æã庶æ°ã®èº«è¿ã«ããå°èµè©è©ãªã©ããå°åŽãããŠããã"
} |
{
"en": "Syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism",
"ja": "ç¥ä»ç¿å"
} |
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