translation
translation |
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{
"en": "However, Kegon, Hodo, Hannya and Nehan-kyo are Zatsu-En (En-kyo that is mixed with other teachings) that is mixed with Hoben-kyo (tentative teachings that aim to induce people into real teachings) of Zo-kyo, Tsu-kyo and Betsu-kyo and therefore, they are not pure Enkyo.",
"ja": "しかし華厳・方等・般若と涅槃経は蔵・通・別の方便教が混じる雑円の教えであり、純粋な円教ではない。"
} |
{
"en": "Only Hoke-kyo is deemed as the one that advocates purely excellent En-kyo independently.",
"ja": "ただ法華経のみが独立して純粋な妙なる円教を説くとされる。"
} |
{
"en": "Therefore, Hoke-kyo is called the teachings of 'transcending eight - Daigo' because it transcends the eight teachings of Kegi (Shakamuni's four modes of instruction) and Keho (Shakamuni's four kinds of teaching the content of the Truth, accommodated to the capacity of his disciples).",
"ja": "したがって、法華は化儀と化法の八教を超越しているので「超八･醍醐」の教えという。"
} |
{
"en": "Sanmon",
"ja": "山門（さんもん）"
} |
{
"en": "Another name for the main gate of a Buddhist temple.",
"ja": "仏教寺院の正門である三門の異称。"
} |
{
"en": "The word 'sanmon' (lit. mountain gate) is a remnant from the time when Buddhist temples were originally built on mountains, so that now even such gates of temples located on flatland are referred to as sanmon (please refer to 'Sanmon' and 'shichido garan.').",
"ja": "寺院は本来山に建てられ山号を付けて呼んだ名残りで平地にあっても山門という→「三門」及び「七堂伽藍」を参照。"
} |
{
"en": "The term is also commonly used to refer to Buddhist temples in general.",
"ja": "仏教寺院そのものを指す通称。"
} |
{
"en": "This developed from the above usage (refer to 'Buddhist Temple').",
"ja": "上記から発展した→「寺院仏教の寺院」を参照。"
} |
{
"en": "Another name for Enryaku-ji Temple.",
"ja": "延暦寺の異称。"
} |
{
"en": "Onjo-ji Temple at the base of Mt. Hiei is referred to as the 'Jimon' whereas Enryaku-ji Temple located on Mt. Hiei is referred to as 'Sanmon' (please refer to 'Enryaku-ji Temple' and 'Mt. Hiei').",
"ja": "比叡山の麓にある園城寺を寺門、山上にある延暦寺を山門と呼んで対比した→「延暦寺」及び「比叡山」を参照。"
} |
{
"en": "An abbreviation for the Sanmon School of the Tendai Sect headquartered at Mt. Hiei (refer to 'Tendai Sect').",
"ja": "比叡山を本山とする天台宗の一派・山門派の略称→「天台宗」を参照。"
} |
{
"en": "The name ordinarily given to the 'Nanzenji Sanmon' scene of the second act of the kabuki play \"Sanmon Gosan no Kiri\" when performed independently (refer to 'Sanmon Gosan no Kiri').",
"ja": "歌舞伎『楼門五三桐』二幕目返し「南禅寺山門の場」を単独で上演するときの通称→『楼門五三桐』を参照。"
} |
{
"en": "Yamato",
"ja": "山門（やまと）"
} |
{
"en": "The name of a place that existed in Fukushima Prefecture prior to the great merger of municipalities in the Heisei era (refer to 'Yamato County').",
"ja": "平成の大合併まで存在した福島県の地名→「山門郡」を参照。"
} |
{
"en": "Monkan (1278 - November 29, 1357) was a priest who lived from the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.",
"ja": "文観（もんかん、弘安元年（1278年）-正平(日本)12年/延文2年10月9日(旧暦)（1357年11月21日））は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代の僧である。"
} |
{
"en": "Ono Sojo.",
"ja": "小野僧正。"
} |
{
"en": "Shuon, Koshin.",
"ja": "殊音、弘真。"
} |
{
"en": "He was the head priest of Daigo-ji Temple.",
"ja": "醍醐寺座主。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1302, he was a priest of the Risshu sect at Hannya-ji Temple and learned Shingonritsu at temples related to Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) such as Hojo Joraku-ji Temple in Harima Province (Kakogawa City, Hyogo Prefecture) and Kasayama Chikuzan-ji Temple in Yamato Province (Kasa, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture).",
"ja": "1302年（正安2）には般若寺の律宗の僧で、西大寺(奈良市)に属する播磨国北条常楽寺（兵庫県加古川市）、大和国笠山竹山寺（奈良県桜井市笠）などで真言律を学ぶ。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1316, he was given Kanjo (conferred the basic precepts and mystic teachings of esoteric Buddhism) by Dojun of Hoonin, Daigo-ji Temple.",
"ja": "1316年に醍醐寺報恩院の道順から灌頂を受ける。"
} |
{
"en": "He was also known as a priest of Tachikawa school (Mikkyo, Esoteric Buddhism), the Shingon sect, which was considered as a heretical religion, and he was a priest who renounced the world and relieved the poor with Enkan (Echin).",
"ja": "邪教とされていた真言宗立川流(密教)の僧としても知られ、円観（恵鎮）とともに遁世僧で貧民救済なども行っている。"
} |
{
"en": "He was taken into confidence by Emperor Godaigo and assumed the role of the head priest of Daigo-ji Temple and Betto (the superior of a temple) of Tenno-ji Temple.",
"ja": "後醍醐天皇に重用されて醍醐寺座主・天王寺別当となる。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1324, he made the statue of Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri Bodhisattva associated with wisdom, doctrine and awareness) at Hannya-ji Temple and it was brought to light that he had implemented rituals to attempt to destroy the Kamakura Shogunate, by FUJIWARA no Kishi, chugu (the second consort of an emperor) of Godaigo from 1326, so he was arrested in 1331 and was sentenced to deportation to Io-jima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture).",
"ja": "1324年（元亨4）には般若寺に文殊菩薩像を造り、1326年から後醍醐中宮藤原禧子の御産祈願と称して鎌倉幕府の調伏などを行っていた事が発覚し、1331年（元徳2）には逮捕され硫黄島(鹿児島県)へ流罪となる。"
} |
{
"en": "When the Kamakura Shogunate was subverted after the Genko Incident in 1333, he went back to Kyoto, and he also moved to Yoshino in attendance of Godaigo and became Chief Abbot of To-ji Temple and daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order).",
"ja": "1333年（正慶2/元弘3）に元弘の変の後に鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると京都へ戻り、建武の新政から南北朝時代となっても後醍醐方に属して吉野へ随行し、東寺長者、大僧正となる。"
} |
{
"en": "He died at Kongo-ji Temple on Mt. Amano in Kawachi Province (Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture) at the age of 80.",
"ja": "河内国天野山金剛寺(河内長野市)（大阪府河内長野市）で没、享年80。"
} |
{
"en": "He was also considered as having promoted Toshimoto HINO and to mediate between Masashige KUSUNOKI, who was known as Akuto (a villain in medieval times) in Kawachi, and Emperor Godaigo.",
"ja": "日野俊基の抜擢や河内の悪党として知られる楠木正成と後醍醐天皇を仲介した人物とも考えられている。"
} |
{
"en": "Myoha SHUNOKU (1311 - November 9, 1388) was a Zen priest of the Rinzai sect in the Muromachi period.",
"ja": "春屋妙葩（しゅんのくみょうは、応長元年（1311年）-元中5年/嘉慶(日本)2年10月2日(旧暦)（1388年11月9日））は、室町時代の臨済宗の禅僧である。"
} |
{
"en": "He was trusted by the Muromachi Shogunate and became the chief priest of Tenryu-ji Temple and Rinsei-ji Temple.",
"ja": "室町幕府の帰依を得て天龍寺や臨川寺の住職となる。"
} |
{
"en": "Chikaku Fumyo Kokushi.",
"ja": "知覚普明国師。"
} |
{
"en": "He was born in Kai Province (Yamanashi Prefecture).",
"ja": "甲斐国（山梨県）の生まれ。"
} |
{
"en": "He vowed to follow the precepts under Soseki MUSO, his maternal uncle.",
"ja": "母方の叔父である夢窓疎石のもとで受戒する。"
} |
{
"en": "He became the chief priest of Tenryu-ji Temple and advised the Shogunate to build Romon (Sanmon, temple gate) of Nanzen-ji Temple, the first temple of gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government), which the Shogunate sponsored.",
"ja": "天龍寺の住職となり、幕府に対して五山第一の南禅寺の楼門（山門）新築を提言し、幕府は楼門建設の援助をしていた。"
} |
{
"en": "Together with the Monto (followers) of Mt. Hiei, Onjo-ji Temple, which was in conflict with Nanzen-ji Temple, protested against the construction of the Romon, requesting its removal and Myoha's banishment, and this resulted in the conflict becoming a political issue.",
"ja": "楼門建設には南禅寺と紛争状態であった園城寺が抗議し、比叡山の門徒もこれに加わり楼門撤去や妙葩の配流を求め、紛争は政治問題にまで発展する。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1369, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who held the position of kanrei (shogunal deputy), ordered the removal of Romon.",
"ja": "1369年(応安2/長慶24)に管領の細川頼之は楼門を撤去させる。"
} |
{
"en": "Myoha, who opposed Yoriyuki, resigned as the chief priest of Tenryu-ji Temple and retired at Shokoin Temple and later at Unmon-ji Temple in Tango Province.",
"ja": "妙葩は頼之と対立して天龍寺住職を辞して勝光院、さらに丹後国の雲門寺に隠棲する。"
} |
{
"en": "Yoriyuki asked Myoha to see him for reconciliation, but Myoha rejected this, and Yoriyuki stripped Monto of the title of priest.",
"ja": "頼之は妙葩との和解のために会談を求めるが妙葩は拒絶し、頼之は門徒の僧籍剥奪を行う。"
} |
{
"en": "Myoha went back to Kyoto after Yoriyuki fell from power in the Koryaku Coup in 1379, and returned to be the chief priest of Nanzen-ji Temple.",
"ja": "1379年(康暦元/天授(日本)5)の康暦の政変で頼之が失脚した後に入京し、南禅寺住職として復帰する。"
} |
{
"en": "Since Myoha had left Tango before Yoriyuki fell from power, he may have been involved in this political change.",
"ja": "妙葩は頼之が失脚する直前に丹後を出立しており、政変への関与も考えられている。"
} |
{
"en": "He was trusted by the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and became the first Soroku (highest-ranking priest of the Gozan, the leader of the Zen sect) on November 27, 1379.",
"ja": "3代将軍足利義満の帰依を受け、康暦元年10月10日_(旧暦)初代の僧録となる。"
} |
{
"en": "He founded Shokoku-ji Temple and established Gozanha (group of the highest-ranked temples in Zen sect).",
"ja": "相国寺を開き、五山派を興す。"
} |
{
"en": "He published books called Gozanban (literally, Five Mountains Editions).",
"ja": "五山版の刊行なども行う。"
} |
{
"en": "In addition, he fostered many disciples, who played roles as diplomatic counselors in the trade between the Ming Dynasty and Japan.",
"ja": "また多くの弟子を育て、彼らは日明貿易を行う際に幕府の外交顧問となった。"
} |
{
"en": "\"Shunoku Myoha Chinzo\" (Portrait of Myoha SHUOKU) was written by Mincho KICHIZAN and is in the possession of Kogenin Temple.",
"ja": "『春屋妙葩頂相』 吉山明兆筆 光源院所蔵"
} |
{
"en": "Segaki is a title of a Buddhist mass.",
"ja": "施餓鬼（せがき）とは、仏教における法会の名称である。"
} |
{
"en": "Or it is called Segaki-e.",
"ja": "または、施餓鬼会（せがきえ）。"
} |
{
"en": "As it can be read as 'feeding hungry ghosts' in the kun-doku (the word-for-word translating method from Chinese to Japanese), it means the rites to feed living things who fell into Gaki-do (world of hungry ghosts) specially after their death among Bonpu (unenlightened persons) in the worlds of Rokudo rinne (Rebirth in the Six Worlds) and holding a mass for their spirits.",
"ja": "訓読すれば「餓鬼に施す」と読めることからも分かるように、六道輪廻の世界にある凡夫の中でも、死後に特に餓鬼道に堕ちた衆生のために食べ物を布施し、その霊を供養する儀礼を指す。"
} |
{
"en": "This Buddhist mass is usually held on July 15 (old lunar calendar) as Urabon festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day, around the 15th of July or August, depending on local customs).",
"ja": "法会の時期は、盂蘭盆として旧暦の7月15日に行われるのが一般的である。"
} |
{
"en": "In the case of the Obon festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day) in Japan, each ancestor's spirit called Oshorai-sama is considered to come back to the Buddhist altar in each house once a year so that people place Bonku (offerings) during the Obon period.",
"ja": "日本におけるお盆の場合、お精霊さま（おしょらいさま）と呼ばれる各家の祖霊が、一年に一度、家の仏壇に戻ってくるものとして、盆の期間中、盆供として毎日供物を供える。"
} |
{
"en": "At the same time, there is a custom to place segakidana (rack for carrying the dead), gakidana (shelf for holding a deceased person) or Shoryoma (conveyance for the spirits of the deceased) for hungry ghosts who are wandering in this world as muen botoke (a person who died leaving nobody to look after his (her) grave).",
"ja": "それと同時に、無縁仏となり、成仏できずに俗世をさまよう餓鬼にも施餓鬼棚（せがきだな）、餓鬼棚（がきだな）や精霊馬（しょうりょううま）を設ける風習がある。"
} |
{
"en": "However, Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) does not hold Segaki-e.",
"ja": "但し、浄土真宗においては、施餓鬼会は行われない。"
} |
{
"en": "In the Soto sect, it is commonly called Urabon-e Segaki, but the title of 'Segaki-e' was changed to 'Sejiki-e' because the high or the low and lord or loon should not be distinguished between the people who feed and those who are fed.",
"ja": "曹洞宗においては、俗に盂蘭盆会施餓鬼と言っているが、施す者と施される者の間に尊卑貴賤の差があると、厳に戒むべきものだとして、「施餓鬼会」を「施食会」（せじきえ）と改めて呼称している。"
} |
{
"en": "In addition, Segaki is usually held during the period of Urabon, but fundamentally it should not be held only at a specific time (that is, Urabon).",
"ja": "また、施餓鬼は盂蘭盆の時期に行われるのが通例となっているが、本来は特定の時期（つまり盂蘭盆）の時だけに限定して行われるものではない。"
} |
{
"en": "It is said that this has been commonly misconceived because the legends of the honorable priests of Mokuren and Anan (Ananda) were similar (as following).",
"ja": "これは、目連尊者の伝説と、阿難尊者の伝説が似ていることから、世間において誤解が広まったものとされている（後述）。"
} |
{
"en": "It is said that Segeki of Mokuren originated from 'Urabon-e-kyo Sutra.'",
"ja": "目連の施餓鬼は「盂蘭盆会経」によるといわれる。"
} |
{
"en": "According to this sutra, when the honorable priest Mokuren, who was one of the Judai deshi (The Ten Chief Disciples of the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni) and called the top of divine power, looked for the whereabouts of his late mother, she became skin and bones in Gaki-do and was going through hell.",
"ja": "この経典によると、釈迦仏の十大弟子で神通第一と称される目連尊者が、神通力により亡き母の行方を探すと、餓鬼道に落ち、肉は痩せ衰え骨ばかりで地獄のような苦しみを得ていた。"
} |
{
"en": "Mokuren tried to feed his mother by his divine power, but she could neither eat nor drink because not only food but also water were burned out.",
"ja": "目連は神通力で母を供養しようとしたが食べ物はおろか、水も燃えてしまい飲食できない。"
} |
{
"en": "Mokuren asked Shaka (Sakyamuni) how to relieve her.",
"ja": "目連尊者は釈迦に何とか母を救う手だてがないかたずねた。"
} |
{
"en": "Then, Shaka said to him, 'Your mother is highly guilty. She has not done any favors to others and has been so selfish that she fell into Gaki-do.' and 'Prepare something special and recite sutra on July 15 after many priests finish the 90 days ascetic trainings of rainy season, and pray for her from the heart.'",
"ja": "すると釈迦は『お前の母の罪はとても重い。生前は人に施さず自分勝手だったので餓鬼道に落ちた』として、『多くの僧が九十日間の雨季の修行を終える七月十五日に、ご馳走を用意して経を読誦し、心から供養しなさい。』と言った。"
} |
{
"en": "As soon as Mokuren had done this, immediately, Mokuren's mother was relieved from the suffering of hunger.",
"ja": "目連が早速その通りにすると、目連の母親は餓鬼の苦しみから救われた。"
} |
{
"en": "This is considered to be the origin of Urabon (However, it is influential that this sutra is a false sutra created later in China).",
"ja": "これが盂蘭盆の起源とされる（ただしこの経典は後世、中国において創作された偽経であるという説が濃厚である）。"
} |
{
"en": "On the other hand, Segaki of Anan originates from 'Kubatsu Enku Darani-kyo Sutra' (Dharani for Extinguishing the Flaming Preta's Mouths).",
"ja": "これに対し、阿難の施餓鬼は「救抜焔口陀羅尼経」に依るものである。"
} |
{
"en": "When the honorable priest Anan, who was one of the Judai deshi and was called the top ability of Tamon (to hear lots of sutras and to keep good behavior), was practicing meditation at a quite place, a hungry ghost named Enku appeared.",
"ja": "釈迦仏の十大弟子で多聞第一と称される阿難尊者が、静かな場所で坐禅瞑想していると、焔口（えんく）という餓鬼が現れた。"
} |
{
"en": "He was an ugly hungry ghost who fell away to a shadow and caught fire from the mouth with thin throat, wild hair and shining eyes.",
"ja": "痩せ衰えて喉は細く口から火を吐き、髪は乱れ目は奥で光る醜い餓鬼であった。"
} |
{
"en": "The hungry ghost said to Anan, 'You will die after three days and undergo rebirth as an ugly hungry ghost like me.'",
"ja": "その餓鬼が阿難に向かって『お前は三日後に死んで、私のように醜い餓鬼に生まれ変わるだろう』と言った。"
} |
{
"en": "Anan was surprised at that and asked the ghost to avoid such troubles.",
"ja": "驚いた阿難が、どうしたらその苦難を逃れられるかと餓鬼に問うた。"
} |
{
"en": "It said, 'If you feed all suffering living things in Gaki-do and hold a mass for the 3 treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, sutras and the priesthood, you will take a fresh lease of life and we will escape from suffering as well.'",
"ja": "餓鬼は『それにはわれら餓鬼道にいる苦の衆生、あらゆる困苦の衆生に対して飲食を施し、仏・法・僧の三宝を供養すれば、汝の寿命はのび、我も又苦難を脱することができ、お前の寿命も延びるだろう』と言った。"
} |
{
"en": "However, Anan did not have enough money for that, so that he asked Sakyamuni Buddha for help.",
"ja": "しかしそのような金銭がない阿難は、釈迦仏に助けを求めた。"
} |
{
"en": "Then, Sakyamuni Buddha said, 'There is a secret spell of Kanzeon Bosatsu (the Goddess of Mercy). If you serve food on a dish and perform Kaji (incantation) by reciting this \"Kajionjiki Dharani\" (literally, incantation for food and drink), the food will become an immeasurable amount of food for all hungry ghosts to feel full enough, and immeasurable sufferings will be relieved, and you can live longer and get a certificate of Buddhism by that good deed.'",
"ja": "すると釈迦仏は『観世音菩薩の秘呪がある。一器の食物を供え、この『加持飲食陀羅尼」』（かじおんじきだらに）を唱えて加持すれば、その食べ物は無量の食物となり、一切の餓鬼は充分に空腹を満たされ、無量無数の苦難を救い、施主は寿命が延長し、その功徳により仏道を証得することができる』と言われた。"
} |
{
"en": "As soon as Anan had done this, immediately, he could take a fresh lease of life and was relieved.",
"ja": "阿難が早速その通りにすると、阿難の生命は延びて救われた。"
} |
{
"en": "This is said to be the origin of Segaki.",
"ja": "これが施餓鬼の起源とされる。"
} |
{
"en": "It is said that these two legends were confused and many temples came to hold Segaki during the period of Urabon.",
"ja": "この2つの話が混同され、多くの寺院において盂蘭盆の時期に施餓鬼が行われるようになったといわれる。"
} |
{
"en": "Shingon Risshu sect is one sect which practices the commandments of Vajrayana based on the dharma of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism.",
"ja": "真言律宗（しんごんりっしゅう）は、真言密教の宗義に基づいて金剛乗の戒律を修学する一派。"
} |
{
"en": "It also has the significance of renaissance of the Risshu sect's sprit, which is one of the Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara).",
"ja": "南都六宗の1つである律宗精神の再興の意義も併せて有している。"
} |
{
"en": "Founder of the Sect",
"ja": "宗祖"
} |
{
"en": "Kosei Bosatsu Eison of Saidai-ji Temple in Nara City was the restorer.",
"ja": "西大寺(奈良市)の興正菩薩叡尊を中興の祖とする。"
} |
{
"en": "In addition, it especially regards Kukai as Koso (a founder).",
"ja": "なお、空海を高祖として特に仰いでいる。"
} |
{
"en": "Eison implemented Jukai (handing down the precepts), a procedure which was limited to what had been defined by the state, by himself with Kakujo in the Risshu sect because he criticized the degraded existing Buddhism (vow by oneself and Jukai).",
"ja": "叡尊は荒廃した既存仏教に対する批判から律宗の覚盛とともにこれまで国家が定めた手続きによる方法しか認められていなかった授戒を自らの手で行った（自誓授戒）。"
} |
{
"en": "After that he made a clear distinction from Kakujo because of differences in the idea of commandments, but he accepted Kakujo's request to restore Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City), engaged in the restoration of temples such as Hokke-ji Temple and Hannya-ji Temple subsequently, and an placed independent Kaidan (Buddhist ordination platform) without the permission of the Imperial Court.",
"ja": "その後、戒律に対する考え方の違いから覚盛と一線を画するが、彼の依頼による西大寺(奈良市)再興を引き受けて、続いて法華寺・般若寺などの再興に従事して、朝廷の許可なくして独自の戒壇を設置した。"
} |
{
"en": "Continuously, his disciple Ninsho appeared and built Gokuraku-ji Temple in Kamakura City, showing the wit of propagandism against the people, which Eison could not have achieved fully.",
"ja": "続いて弟子の忍性が登場して叡尊が十分に達せられなかった民衆への布教に才覚を示して、鎌倉に極楽寺(鎌倉市)を建立した。"
} |
{
"en": "This is the origin of the Shingon Risshu sect, but at that time Eison himself and his disciples tried to restore the Risshu sect as a part of renaissance of the Shingon sect and they identified themselves as the 'Saidai-ji Temple school,' one school of the Shingon sect.",
"ja": "これが真言律宗の起源であるが、当初叡尊自身やその門人は真言宗の再興の一環として律宗再興を図ったものであり、自らを真言宗の一派である「西大寺流」として規定して行動していた。"
} |
{
"en": "However, at that time it was considered as a new school of the Risshu sect.",
"ja": "しかし、当時においては律宗の新派と見られていた。"
} |
{
"en": "Besides, although Eison's activities are generally seen as a reform movement inside old Buddhism, recently there is a theory that it was a new sect beyond the frames of the Shingon sect and the Risshu sect and one of the new Kamakura Buddhism (See the article of Kamakura Buddhism).",
"ja": "なお、叡尊の行動は通説では旧仏教内部からの改革運動と位置づけられているが、近年ではこれを真言宗・律宗の枠を超えた新宗派であるとして鎌倉新仏教の1つと見る説もある（鎌倉仏教参照）。"
} |
{
"en": "His successor Shinku (Shingon Risshu sect) and Ninsho gained the confidence of the Imperial Court and made efforts to broaden the influence of the sect as they made provincial monasteries branch temples for restoration (temple solicitation) by Imperial order.",
"ja": "後継者である信空(真言律宗)・忍性は朝廷の信任が厚く、諸国の国分寺再建（勧進）を命じられてこれを末寺化するなど、教派の拡大に努めた。"
} |
{
"en": "Activities for temple solicitation led by priests of the Shingon Risshu sect were well recognized because they were strict by themselves and had know-how of temple restoration, which soon promoted the movement of renaissance of other Risshu sects so much so that the Risshu sect, including the Shingon Risshu sect, was criticized by Nichiren as 'Ritsu traitor to the country,' having the same power of influence as the Zen sect and the Jodo sect.",
"ja": "自身に厳格で寺院再建のノウハウを積んだ真言律宗の僧侶主導の勧進活動に対する評価の上昇はやがて他の律宗諸派再興の動きを促し、一時は真言律宗を含めた律宗は禅宗・浄土宗などと勢力を分けて日蓮より「律国賊」との非難を受けるほどであった。"
} |
{
"en": "Although it declined temporarily after in the latter part of the Muromachi period, Myonin tried to restore it during the early part of the Edo period and his disciple Jogon used the title of 'Shingon Risshu sect' formally for the first time.",
"ja": "室町時代後期以後一時衰微したものの、江戸時代前期の明忍が再興の動きを見せ、その門人にあたる浄厳は初めて公に「真言律宗」という名乗りを用いた。"
} |
{
"en": "When the Meiji Government organized various sects in 1872, all Risshu sects were incorporated into the Shingon sect because Shingon Risshu sect which was the biggest sect among Risshu sects at that time, originated from the Shingon sect.",
"ja": "1872年（明治5年）、明治政府は諸宗派の整理を断行、その際律宗系最大の勢力であった真言律宗が元は真言宗の流れを汲むことから全律宗諸派が真言宗に組み入れられた。"
} |
{
"en": "After that, schools of the Risshu sect requested independence from the Shingon sect, for example Kocho SAEKI (Hirosumi SAEKI) (the 64th choro (patriarch)) of Saidai-ji Temple carried on a campaign.",
"ja": "その後、律宗系諸派はいずれも真言宗からの独立を求め、西大寺でも佐伯弘澄（64世長老）が運動を行った。"
} |
{
"en": "Rewarding this movement, schools of the Risshu sect were permitted to become independent from the Shingon sect in 1895, and the Shingon Risshu sect also gained independence from the Shingon sect at that time.",
"ja": "その甲斐があり、1895年（明治28年）に律宗系の諸派は真言宗からの独立を許されて、その際に真言律宗も真言宗から独立する。"
} |
{
"en": "However, some temples which had been Shingon Risshu sect temples before the Meiji period remained as Shingon sect temples without following the independent movement.",
"ja": "ただし、明治以前真言律宗であった寺院の中には独立に従わずに真言宗寺院としての道を歩んだものもあった。"
} |
{
"en": "After that, the choro of Saidai-ji Temple who is the head priest of Saidai-ji Temple as sohonzan (the general head temple) doubled as the chief abbot of the Shingon Risshu sect as a custom.",
"ja": "以後、西大寺を総本山としてその住職である西大寺長老が真言律宗管長を兼務する慣例となっている。"
} |
{
"en": "Sohonzan: Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City)",
"ja": "総本山 西大寺(奈良市)(奈良市)"
} |
{
"en": "Daihonzan (the major head temples): Hozan-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture)",
"ja": "大本山 宝山寺（奈良県生駒市）"
} |
{
"en": "Bekkaku-honzan (special head temple): Ichinomuroin Temple (Tacchu, A simple building containing a pagoda that enshrined the ashes of a founder or head priest of a Zen temple), Gokokuin Temple (Tacchu), Shomyo-ji Temple (Kanazawa-ku Ward, Yokohama City), Kyoko-ji Temple (Yao City, Osaka Prefecture), Kushuonin Temple (Hirakata City), Iyo provincial monastery temples (Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture), Hokke-ji Temple (Imabari City) and Tanjo-ji Temple of Renge-ji Temple (Tamana City, Kumamoto Prefecture)",
"ja": "別格本山 一之室院（塔頭）、護国院（塔頭）、称名寺(横浜市)（横浜市金沢区）、教興寺（大阪府八尾市）、久修園院（枚方市）、伊予国分寺（愛媛県今治市）、法華寺（今治市）、蓮華寺誕生寺（熊本県玉名市）"
} |
{
"en": "Related temples: Gokuraku-ji Temple (Kamakura City), Hojoin Temple (Uji City), Gansen-ji Temple (Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture), Joruri-ji Temple (Kizugawa City), Kairyuo-ji Temple (Nara City), Futai-ji Temple (Nara City), Hannya-ji Temple (Nara City), Gango-ji Temple (Nara City), Byakugo-ji Temple (Nara City) and Kakuan-ji Temple (Yamatokoriyama City)",
"ja": "由緒寺 極楽寺(鎌倉市)(鎌倉市)、放生院(宇治市)(宇治市)、岩船寺(京都府木津川市)、浄瑠璃寺(木津川市)、海龍王寺(奈良市)、不退寺(奈良市)、般若寺(奈良市)、元興寺(奈良市)、白毫寺(奈良市)、額安寺(大和郡山市)"
} |
{
"en": "Other temples: Chokyu-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture), Chofuku-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture) and Ensho-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture)",
"ja": "その他の寺院 長弓寺(奈良県生駒市)、長福寺(生駒市)(奈良県生駒市)、圓證寺(奈良県生駒市)"
} |
{
"en": "Educational Institute",
"ja": "教育機関"
} |
{
"en": "Koho Gakuin (興法学院)",
"ja": "興法学院"
} |
{
"en": "Shuchiin University (partnership)",
"ja": "種智院大学（協同経営）"
} |
{
"en": "Rakunan High School/Junior High School (partnership)",
"ja": "洛南高等学校・附属中学校(協同経営)"
} |
{
"en": "Shoku (or Nishiyama, 1177 - December 31, 1247) was the founder of the Seizan Jodo sect, Seizan Zenrin-ji School of the Jodo sect and Seizan Fukakusa School of the Jodo sect.",
"ja": "證空（しょうくう・証空、西山、治承元年（1177年）-宝治元年11月26日(旧暦)（1247年12月24日））は、西山浄土宗、浄土宗西山禅林寺派、浄土宗西山深草派の祖。"
} |
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