translation
translation |
|---|
{
"en": "Horse guards were called differently by different daimyo families, and among them, those who served the Gohojo clan are particularly well known.",
"ja": "大名家によって様々な呼び名があり、後北条氏の馬廻衆が有名である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nobunaga ODA's horse guards, just like pages who served him, were chosen from among the second and third sons of local ruling families and played important roles as Nobunaga's aides.",
"ja": "織田信長の馬廻衆は、小姓と並んで土豪の次男・三男などから編成され、信長の側近として活躍した。"
}
|
{
"en": "Elites among Nobunaga's horse guards and pages were chosen as his personal bodyguards known as \"red guards\" and \"black guards\" and many of these bodyguards were promoted to the position of troop commander.",
"ja": "信長の馬廻・小姓の精鋭は赤・黒二色の母衣衆に抜擢され、そこから部隊の指揮官に昇進した例も多い。"
}
|
{
"en": "Horse guards continued to exist during the Edo period as part of the staff organization of various domains and served feudal lords as bodyguards in their daily lives.",
"ja": "江戸時代においても、諸藩の職制として存続し、大名の日常の警護を務めた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Under the government service system of the Edo Bakufu, Shoinban (castle guards) and Koshogumi (page corps) called Ryoban were equivalent to the Umamawari in many domains.",
"ja": "江戸幕府の職制では、両番と呼ばれる書院番・小姓組が諸藩における馬廻にあたる。"
}
|
{
"en": "A child of the Tokugawa shogunate's direct vassal (called \"hatamoto\" in Japanese) was normally appointed as either a castle guard or a page and served as an aide of the shogun before starting out on his career as a shogunate government official.",
"ja": "旗本の子弟はまず両番に任ぜられ、将軍の側近として認められて、幕府官僚として出世してゆくのが通例であった。"
}
|
{
"en": "In various feudal domains, the word \"umamawari\" (horse guard) was used not only as an occupational title but also to describe family status or ranks.",
"ja": "馬廻は、諸藩においては職制のほか、家格の呼称としても使用されることが多かった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Some domains allowed umamawari personnel to ride horses to perform their duties while others did not, and it is difficult to tell which of these practices was more common.",
"ja": "藩によって馬上資格を認める藩と認めない藩があって、どちらが一般的であるかは断言できない。"
}
|
{
"en": "Domains that did not allow umamawari to ride horses adopted different standards regarding the qualification as mounted retainers - some domains regarded those who held ranks higher than \"kyunin\" (direct vassals of lords) as being qualified as mounted retainers, while others regarded only retainers who belonged to families directly supervised by the chief retainer (known as \"karo\") as being qualified.",
"ja": "馬廻に馬上資格を認めない藩にあっては、給人または給人席以上を馬上資格としたり、家老から直接統率を受ける家格以上の家臣を馬上資格とするなど様々な基準があった。"
}
|
{
"en": "In some domains, the words \"kyunin\" and \"umamawari\" were both used to express occupational titles or family ranks, while in others only one of these words was used.",
"ja": "職制並びに家格上、給人と馬廻が併存する藩とどちらかだけが存在する藩もある。"
}
|
{
"en": "In a domain where both Kyunin and Umamawari existed due to family status or rank, the Kyunin were superior to the Umamawari.",
"ja": "家格に給人と馬廻が併存する藩にあっては給人のほうが格上である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Umamawari personnel who were not allowed to ride horses were equivalent to escorts (called \"kojunin\") of the Tokugawa shogunate - they were middle-ranking retainers that were allowed to have an audience with their lords but not allowed to ride horses.",
"ja": "馬上資格がない馬廻は、江戸幕府の小十人とほぼ同義であって、藩主への謁見資格があるが、馬乗りにはなれない中堅家臣である。"
}
|
{
"en": "In domains where umamawari were allowed to ride horses, families with the umamawari status were mostly lower-ranking families among upper-class retainers in the broad sense.",
"ja": "馬廻に馬上資格がある藩では、馬廻の家格は、広義の上級家臣の下位を意味すると言える。"
}
|
{
"en": "The umamawari of the Asano clan of the Ako Domain, well known for the Ako Incident during the Genroku era, were typical examples of this type of umamawari.",
"ja": "元禄赤穂事件で有名な赤穂藩浅野氏の馬廻役がその典型的な例である。"
}
|
{
"en": "They were regarded as a class of mounted retainers higher in rank than grooms or stablemen called \"nakakosho,\" who were not allowed to ride horses.",
"ja": "馬上資格のない中小姓の上位に位置する馬上武士の階級と位置づけられていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Of the forty-seven Ako samurai, fifteen were umamawari, including Takesune HORIBE, and these fifteen members were all earning incomes of 100 to 200 koku.",
"ja": "赤穂浪士四十七士のうち馬廻だった者は堀部武庸ら15名で、全員が200石から100石取りである。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although they were not necessarily chief retainers, they all had incomes for upper-class retainers.",
"ja": "重臣とまでは言えないものの、上士と呼べる家禄の者たちである。"
}
|
{
"en": "There was a profound difference between these retainers and middle-ranking retainers who were not allowed to ride horses - Tadao OTAKA, a middle-ranking retainer with the largest income, only had an income of 30 koku.",
"ja": "これが馬上資格のない中小姓だと最上の大高忠雄でも30石取りであるからこの階級差は歴然である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Living National Treasure is a Japanese popular term for individuals certified as Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.",
"ja": "人間国宝（にんげんこくほう）は、日本の文化財保護法に基づき同国の文部科学大臣が指定した重要無形文化財の保持者として各個認定された人物を指す通称である。"
}
|
{
"en": "The term \"Living National Treasure\" is not formally recognized by the law, but is an informal term used as a reference to cultural properties designated as the National Treasures of Japan.",
"ja": "文化財保護法には「人間国宝」という文言はないが、重要無形文化財保持者を指して人間国宝と呼ぶ通称が広く用いられている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Living National Treasure is a term for those designated as holders of Important Intangible Cultural Property.",
"ja": "人間国宝は、重要無形文化財保持者として各個認定された人物を指す通称である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Under the Law for Protection of Cultural Properties, intangible cultural properties are defined as dramatic, musical, artistic and other intangible cultural artifacts deemed as historically or artistically valuable to Japanese history (Article 2, Section 1, Part 2).",
"ja": "日本の文化財保護法において、無形文化財とは、演劇、音楽、工芸技術その他の無形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いものをいう（同法第2条第1項第2号）。"
}
|
{
"en": "Intangible cultural properties of special importance are designated as \"Important Intangible Cultural Properties\" by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Article 71, Section 1) (For further information, see the section on Important Intangible Cultural Property).",
"ja": "無形文化財のなかでも特に重要なものを、文部科学大臣は重要無形文化財に指定する（同法第71条第1項）（この点については重要無形文化財の項を参照）。"
}
|
{
"en": "In other words, intangible cultural property refers to certain 'art,' such as arts and crafts or performing arts.",
"ja": "すなわち、無形文化財とは芸能、工芸技術等の無形の「わざ」そのものを指す。"
}
|
{
"en": "Individuals or groups have attained a high level of mastery in certain skills.",
"ja": "その「わざ」はこれを高度に体得している個人または団体が体現する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Individuals or groups who have attained mastery in certain skills can be certified by the Japanese government as the preservers of their art and they receive support to ensure their continuation.",
"ja": "そして、日本国政府はこの「わざ」を体現する個人または団体を重要無形文化財の保持者または保持団体に認定し、その継承の支援と保護を行っている。"
}
|
{
"en": "There are three types of certifications for individuals or groups who hold important intangible cultural property: 'Individual Certification,' 'General Certification,' and 'Preservation Group Certification.'",
"ja": "重要無形文化財の保持者または保持団体の認定の方式には、「各個認定」「総合認定」「保持団体認定」の3種がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Individual Certification is given to individual holders, General Certification is given to holders as an organized group, and Preservation Group Certification is given to the holders of a group.",
"ja": "各個認定は保持者個人の認定、総合認定は集団を構成する保持者の認定、保持団体認定は保持団体の認定である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Within the three types of certification, those referred to as 'Living National Treasure' is generally limited to those holding Individual Certification.",
"ja": "このうち「人間国宝」と呼ばれるのは、一般的には、個人が認定される各個認定の場合のみである。"
}
|
{
"en": "Those who are given General Certification or Preservation Group Certification are generally not referred to as a Living National Treasure.",
"ja": "総合認定における団体の構成員、及び保持団体認定における当該団体およびその構成員については、人間国宝とは呼ばないのが一般的である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Individual Certification' and 'General Certification' prevails within the fields of performing arts, such as plays and music, while 'Individual Certification' and 'Preservation Group Certification' mainly occurs in the field of technical arts.",
"ja": "演劇、音楽などの芸能の分野では「各個認定」と「人間国宝芸能分野における「総合認定」」が行われ、工芸技術の分野では「各個認定」と「人間国宝工芸技術分野における「保持団体認定」」が行われる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Individual Certification",
"ja": "各個認定"
}
|
{
"en": "Certification is given to 'individuals who are able to embody a performing art designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property at the highest level,' or 'individuals who are a master of a technical art.'",
"ja": "「重要無形文化財に指定される芸能を高度に体現できる者」または「工芸技術を高度に体得している者」が認定される。"
}
|
{
"en": "General Certification",
"ja": "総合認定"
}
|
{
"en": "Certification is given to 'two or more persons who are working together to embody a performing art at the highest level' or 'two or more persons who are a master of a technical art that shares certain characteristics.'",
"ja": "「2人以上の者が一体となって芸能を高度に体現している場合」や「2人以上の者が共通の特色を有する工芸技術を高度に体得している場合」において、「これらの者が構成している団体の構成員」が認定される。"
}
|
{
"en": "Preservation Group Certification",
"ja": "保持団体認定"
}
|
{
"en": "Certification is given to a group of key members within all of the holders when 'the performing or technical art is not at all individualistic' and when 'there are many holders of the relevant performing or technical art.'",
"ja": "「芸能または工芸技術の性格上個人的特色が薄く」かつ「当該芸能または工芸技術を保持する者が多数いる場合」において、「これらの者が主たる構成員となっている団体」が認定される。"
}
|
{
"en": "In order to preserve important intangible cultural assets, the Japanese government provides a special annual subsidy of 2 million yen to Living National Treasures (those with Individual Certification).",
"ja": "日本国政府は、重要無形文化財の保護を目的として、人間国宝（各個認定者）に対して年額200万円の特別助成金を交付している。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of groups, the government pays the costs of public exhibitions and successor training projects.",
"ja": "保持団体に対しては伝承者養成事業や文化財公開事業に対してその経費の一部を助成している。"
}
|
{
"en": "The National Theater conducts training projects in order to foster successors to such arts as Nogaku (the art of Noh), Bunraku (Japanese puppet theater) and Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors).",
"ja": "国立劇場では能楽、文楽、歌舞伎などの後継者養成のための研修事業が行われている。"
}
|
{
"en": "The performing arts field consists of eight classes: Gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music), Noh (traditional masked dance and drama), Bunraku, Kabuki, Kumi Odori (combination dance), music, classical Japanese dance and entertainment.",
"ja": "芸能分野は、雅楽、能、文楽、歌舞伎、組踊、音楽、日本舞踊、演芸の8つの種別に分かれている。"
}
|
{
"en": "General Certification in the field of performing arts",
"ja": "芸能分野における「総合認定」"
}
|
{
"en": "Individual Certification is intended for the what they refer to as 'Living National Treasure,' or in other words, highly skilled 'masters' in their field.",
"ja": "各個認定はいわゆる「人間国宝」、つまりその分野について高度な技術を持つ「名人」に対して行われる。"
}
|
{
"en": "On the other hand, General Certification is intended for people who have the minimum level of skills required to maintain and pass down the entertainment rather than having high individual skills.",
"ja": "一方で総合認定は、個人的な技術の高さではなく、ある芸能を保持し、後世に伝えてゆくために最低限必要な技量を持った人々に対して行われるものである。"
}
|
{
"en": "For all practical purposes, the value of the two certifications are completely different.",
"ja": "そして、その価値は実質上まったく異なる。"
}
|
{
"en": "In General Certification, rather than being applied to only a few masters of an art, the form of entertainment or craft as a whole is considered to be certified.",
"ja": "総合認定が行われる分野は、一部の名人だけではなくその芸能自体が文化財保護の対象として考えられているものであるといえるだろう。"
}
|
{
"en": "For general certification of Important Intangible Cultural Property, the following 11 groups are currently certified.",
"ja": "現在、重要無形文化財の総合認定には、以下の11団体が認定されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of general certification, the 'holder' includes staff members, the troupe and club members of the group.",
"ja": "総合認定の場合、「保持者」は、その団体の部員、会員、座員などである。"
}
|
{
"en": "Total number of people (accumulated number of members in the past, including the deceased) in 2000.",
"ja": "人数は延べ人数（過去に会員となった者の総数。故人を含む）で、平成12年度の数。"
}
|
{
"en": "Shikibushoku Gakubu (Music Department) of the Imperial Household Agency (Gagaku)",
"ja": "宮内庁式部職楽部（雅楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "50 people",
"ja": "-50名"
}
|
{
"en": "The Association for Japanese Noh Plays (Nogaku)",
"ja": "社団法人・日本能楽会（能楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "653 people",
"ja": "-653名"
}
|
{
"en": "Ningyo joruri Bunraku-za Theatre (Ningyo Joruri)",
"ja": "人形浄瑠璃文楽座（人形浄瑠璃）"
}
|
{
"en": "133 people",
"ja": "-133名"
}
|
{
"en": "The Organization for the Preservation of Kabuki (Kabuki)",
"ja": "社団法人・伝統歌舞伎保存会（歌舞伎）"
}
|
{
"en": "294 people",
"ja": "-294名"
}
|
{
"en": "Traditional Kumi Odori Preservation Society (Kumi Odori)",
"ja": "伝統組踊保存会（組踊）"
}
|
{
"en": "64 people",
"ja": "-64名"
}
|
{
"en": "Gidayubushi (musical narrative of the puppet theatre) Preservation Society (Music)",
"ja": "義太夫節保存会（音楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "49 people",
"ja": "-49名"
}
|
{
"en": "Tokiwazu bushi (Theatrical music) Preservation Society (Music)",
"ja": "常磐津節保存会（音楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "51 people",
"ja": "-51名"
}
|
{
"en": "Itchubushi Melody Preservation Society (Music)",
"ja": "一中節保存会（音楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "15 people",
"ja": "-15名"
}
|
{
"en": "Kato bushi (Theatrical music) Preservation Society",
"ja": "河東節保存会（音楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "6 people",
"ja": "-6名"
}
|
{
"en": "Miyazono-bushi (a style of joruri) Preservation Society",
"ja": "宮薗節保存会（音楽）"
}
|
{
"en": "10 people",
"ja": "-10名"
}
|
{
"en": "Ogie-bushi (a style of singing that split off from Nagauta in the late 18th century) Preservation Society",
"ja": "荻江節保存会"
}
|
{
"en": "8 people",
"ja": "-8名"
}
|
{
"en": "In many cases, these groups of have a parent organization called All Nippon Players Association.",
"ja": "これらの団体には、多くの場合その母体となる全演奏家協会がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Individuals recognized by their high degree of skill are able to join the above mentioned groups (generally they are chosen or recommended by current members).",
"ja": "その中で技量の熟達が認められた者について、上記の各団体への加入が認められる（通常は会員の推挙または互選）。"
}
|
{
"en": "One is certified with being a 'General Holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property' upon officially joining one of these groups.",
"ja": "そして、各団体へ正式加入と同時に「重要無形文化財総合保持者」に認定される。"
}
|
{
"en": "Each group has a parent organization that is responsible for the selection of candidates and additional certification occurs once every few years (in essence to increase the number of members).",
"ja": "各団体ごとに選出母体となる団体があり、数年に一回程度追加認定（実質上の人数追加）がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "The following 160 people were authorized by 2008 (including those authorized by September 11, 2008) as a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (individual certification) in a technical art field.",
"ja": "2008年までに認定された工芸技術部門の重要無形文化財保持者（各個認定）は以下の160名である（2008年（平成20年）9月11日付け認定分までを含む。）"
}
|
{
"en": "When technical arts are not individualistic within their field, and there are many holders of the art, the following 14 subjects or 14 groups are certified as the groups as key members, meaning they hold the Preservation Group Certification.",
"ja": "工芸技術分野において、工芸技術の性格上個人的特色が薄く、かつ、当該工芸技術を保持する者が多数いる場合において、これらの者が主たる構成員となっている団体としてとして認定されているもの、すなわち、保持団体認定は、以下の14件・14団体である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Jisha-bugyo was one of the shogunate administrators in military government from the Muromachi to Edo eras, and was in charge of temples and shrines.",
"ja": "寺社奉行（じしゃぶぎょう）は、室町時代から江戸時代にかけての武家政権における職制の1つで、宗教行政機関。"
}
|
{
"en": "In Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), officials who were in charge of temples and shrines were called \"Jisha-bugyo.\"",
"ja": "鎌倉幕府では寺社を担当する奉行人が「寺社奉行」と呼ばれた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Other bugyo were set up to negotiate and mediate with certain strong temples and shrines.",
"ja": "その他、特定の有力寺社との折衝・取次を担当する奉行が別途設置されていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to the Chronicle of Azuma, NAKAHARA no Suetoki was appointed to deal with requests from temples and shrines in May, 1194 (lunar calendar), and is considered to be the origin of Jisha-bugyo.",
"ja": "『吾妻鏡』によれば、建久5年（1194年）5月(旧暦)に中原季時を「寺社の訴えを執り申す」役目としたのが後の寺社奉行にあたると考えられている。"
}
|
{
"en": "In December, 1194 (lunar calendar), Kageyoshi OBA and others were appointed as bugyo in charge of temples and shrines supported by Kamakura bakufu, such as Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine and Shochoju-in Temple.",
"ja": "また、同年12月(旧暦)には大庭景能らを鶴岡八幡宮・勝長寿院以下鎌倉の幕府御願寺の奉行に任じている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Later, while Tokitsura OTA and Sadao NIKAIDO were appointed as Jisha-bugyo, other bugyo were appointed respectively for temples and shrines under the aegis of Kamakura bakufu, such as Suwa-taisha Shrine, Izusan-jinja Shrine, Mishima-taisha Shrine and Atsuta-jingu Shrine.",
"ja": "後に太田時連や二階堂貞雄が寺社奉行に任命され、一方諏訪大社や伊豆山神社、三島大社、熱田神宮など鎌倉幕府の庇護下にあった寺社には、当該寺社担当の奉行人を任命している。"
}
|
{
"en": "This policy was continued by the Kenmu Government and the Muromachi bakufu.",
"ja": "この政策は建武政権や室町幕府にも継承された。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the Muromachi bakufu, Jisha-bugyo was subdivided into Temple-bugyo (in charge of Buddhist temples) and Shake-bugyo (in charge of shrines).",
"ja": "室町幕府では仏寺を担当する寺奉行と神社を担当する社家奉行が設置された。"
}
|
{
"en": "Furthermore, additional bugyo, who were in charge of certain religious schools, strong temples and shrines, were appointed as Zenritsugata (commissioners for Zen and Ritsu monasteries), Sanmon bugyo (the Enryaku-ji magistrate) and Nanto bugyo (the magistrate of Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples).",
"ja": "更に禅宗と律宗（時に真言律宗）を管轄する禅律方や延暦寺を担当する山門奉行、東大寺・興福寺を担当する南都奉行など特定の宗派や寺社を担当する奉行人が任命された。"
}
|
{
"en": "After Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, special bugyo were appointed proactively as bugyo in charge of special temples and shrines, by the bugyoshu (group of magistrates).",
"ja": "足利義満以後になると、奉行衆の中から特定寺社を担当する奉行（別奉行）が積極的に配置されるようになった。"
}
|
{
"en": "As the special bugyo were in a position between the special strong temples and shrines and the bakufu, they were often bribed by the temples or on the other hand they extorted the temples and shrines. (example: Confrontation between Enryaku-ji Temple and Tametane INOO who was Sanmon bugyo under Yoshinori ASHIKAGA)",
"ja": "これらの別奉行は特定有力寺社と幕府の連絡を把握する立場にあったために、寺社側から多額の金品を送られたり反対に寺社側と奉行の対立が政治問題化する場合もあった（例足利義教の山門奉行飯尾為種と延暦寺の対立）。"
}
|
{
"en": "These special bugyo were at the height of their power in the reign of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, then went into decline along with the fall of the Muromachi bakufu after the Onin war.",
"ja": "足利義政の時代にこうした別奉行の全盛期を迎えるが、応仁の乱以後の幕府機構の衰退とともに没落していく。"
}
|
{
"en": "Jisha-bugyo and special bugyo were set up in the local administrative organs such as Rokuhara Tandai, Oshu Shogunfu and Kamakura Government.",
"ja": "なお、六波羅探題や奥州将軍府、鎌倉府などの地方期間にも寺社奉行や個別寺社を扱う別奉行が設置されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the Edo bakufu, Suden ISHIN and Katsushige ITAKURA were in charge of the affairs of temples and shrines in 1612, although they had no specific positions. (Suden was a priest and Katsushige returned to secular life)",
"ja": "江戸幕府に置いては、慶長17年（1612年）に以心崇伝・板倉勝重に寺社に関する職務にあたらせたが具体的な役職は設置しなかった（なお、崇伝は僧侶、勝重は還俗者である）。"
}
|
{
"en": "Suden worked full-time on the affairs of temples and shrines alone after Katsushige ITAKURA's death.",
"ja": "板倉勝重の没後、専任で寺社に関する職務にあたっていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Suden died in 1633, during the reign of Shogun Iemitsu, therefore, subsequently no one was in charge of the affairs of temples and shrines.",
"ja": "将軍家光時代の寛永10年（1633年）、崇伝の死去によって担当者が不在となってしまった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Therefore, a post to deal with litigation related to temples, shrines and local provinces far from the capital was established in 1635.",
"ja": "そのため、寛永12年（1635年）、寺社や遠国における訴訟担当の諸職として創設された。"
}
|
{
"en": "At first, this post was under the direct control of Shogun, then the Roju system (member of shogun's council of elders) was established and the roju controlled the post.",
"ja": "諸職ははじめ将軍直轄であったが、老中制の確立とともに老中の所管となった。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, it came under the direct control of the Shogun again in 1662 during the reign of Shogun Ietsuna.",
"ja": "しかしながら、将軍家綱時代の寛文2年（1662年）に将軍直属に戻る。"
}
|
{
"en": "In principle, fudai daimyo (daimyo as hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) with more than 10,000 koku were appointed to Jisha-bugyo, simultaneously serving as Sojaban (officials in charge of ceremonies).",
"ja": "原則として一万石(単位)以上の譜代大名が任命され、奏者番を兼任していた"
}
|
{
"en": "[It was an exception that Tadasuke OOKA, who was Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun), achieved the rank of daimyo and became Edo machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Edo) without serving as a Sojaban.]",
"ja": "（例外として、江戸町奉行の大岡忠相が旗本のまま大名格となり、奏者番を兼ねずに勤めたことがある）。"
}
|
{
"en": "Among the three magistrates (Jisha-bugyo, Kanjo-bugyo, Machi-bugyo), Jisha-bugyo was the top-ranked, because Kanjo-bugyo and Machi-bugyo were under the control of roju.",
"ja": "いわゆる「三奉行」のうちでは、勘定奉行・町奉行が老中所轄であるため、筆頭格といわれる。"
}
|
{
"en": "The fixed number of places was about four, and their offices were in their residences.",
"ja": "定員は4名前後、自邸が役宅となった。"
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.