Datasets:
may-ohta
/
kftt

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
translation
translation
{ "en": "Gon no sojo (provisional lower priest in the highest position)", "ja": "暩僧正" }
{ "en": "Unrelated examples", "ja": "無関係" }
{ "en": "Gonsuke: kitchen workers of merchant's family", "ja": "暩助　商家の䞋働き。" }
{ "en": "Or one of official posts in the Meiji era.", "ja": "たたは明治時代の官職。" }
{ "en": "It is equivalent to soninkan (the posts to which persons are appointed by the Emperor based on the recommendation of the prime minister)", "ja": "奏任官皋床。" }
{ "en": "\"Genji choja\" means the head of the Minamoto clan.", "ja": "源氏長者げんじちょうじゃは、源氏䞀族党䜓の氏長者の事を指す。" }
{ "en": "In principle, a person who had the highest court rank among the persons of Minamoto clan became Genji choja.", "ja": "原則ずしお源氏のなかでもっずも官䜍が高い者が源氏長者ずなる。" }
{ "en": "In the Minamoto clan, Genji choja had various authorities relating to religious service, summons, litigations and recommendation of promotion.", "ja": "源氏のなかでの祭祀、召集、裁刀、氏爵の掚挙などの諞暩利を持぀。" }
{ "en": "It is generally believed that Genji choja concurrently assumed the position of the betto (superintendent) of both Shogakuin (a private school of the Ariwara Family) and Junnain (a family school named for the Summer Palace of Emperor Junna).", "ja": "䞀般的には、奚孊院・淳和院の䞡別圓を兌任するずいわれおいるが。" }
{ "en": "However, Chikafusa KITABATAKE, who was Genji choja, explained in his book \"Shokugensho\" that being the Shogakuin betto satisfied the requirement to become Genji choja (in this case, the deputy becomes the Junnain betto).", "ja": "しかし、自身も源氏長者だった北畠芪房の『職原鈔』によれば、奚孊院別圓のみでも芁件を満たすその堎合、次垭が淳和院別圓ずなるず解説しおいる。" }
{ "en": "Originally, Genji choja came from the Saga-Genji (Minamoto clan).", "ja": "源氏長者は、圓初は嵯峚源氏から出おいた。" }
{ "en": "The first Genji choja is believed to have been Sadaijin (minister of the left) MINAMOTO no Makoto (court noble).", "ja": "初代は巊倧臣源信_(公卿)ずされおいる。" }
{ "en": "However, judging from the fact that the post of Junnain betto was created in 881 and Shogakuin itself was founded in the same year, it is presumed that either MINAMOTO no Toru, who was then the highest-ranking court noble among the people of Saga-Genji as well as the whole of Minamoto clan, or his son MINAMOTO no Noboru was the first person who concurrently assumed the betto of both schools and Genji choja.", "ja": "ただ、淳和院ぞの別圓蚭眮ず奚孊院そのものの蚭眮はずもに元慶5幎881幎のこずであり、圓時の嵯峚源氏及び源氏党䜓の筆頭公卿であった源融たたはその子の源昇が䞡院別圓ず源氏長者を兌ねた最初の人物であったず掚定されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Provided, however, that as Shogakuin itself was the facility for all of kobetsu-shizoku (families branched out from the Imperial family), there is a possibility that its betto was not Genji choja but the choja of all such families including the Taira clan and the Ariwara clan.", "ja": "もっずも、奚孊院自䜓は皇別氏族党䜓の斜蚭でありその別圓は源氏長者のそれずは異なり、平氏や圚原氏などを含めた党䜓の長者であった可胜性もある。" }
{ "en": "In other words, there is a possibility that Genji choja was not identical with the betto of both Shogakuin and Junnain.", "ja": "぀たり源氏長者ず奚孊院別圓及び淳和院別圓の同䞀性は必ずしも保持されおいなかった可胜性もあるこずになる。" }
{ "en": "(according to \"Shigenki\" (dated August 1, 1188), MINAMOTO no Michichika mentioned that there were cases where persons whose maternal grandfather belonged to the Minamoto clan were appointed to the betto (of both schools or of Shogakuin), and cited the name of FUJIWARA no Tasumoto and FUJIWARA no Yukinari as examples. They may have been Genji choja concurrently, but there is no firm evidence)", "ja": "なお、『姉蚀蚘』文治4幎6月30日条には源通芪の話ずしお過去に源氏を倖祖父に持぀者が院別圓䞡院もしくは奚孊院に補された䟋があり、代衚䟋ずしお藀原扶幹や藀原行成らを挙げおいる。圌らが源氏長者を兌ねおいた可胜性もあるが明蚌は無い。" }
{ "en": "Further, Genji choja in early times were limited to being the court noble of Saga-Genji (\"Saikyuki\" volume 13), and the court nobles of Saga-Genji dominated this position up to the last court noble of Saga-Genji, MINAMOTO no Hitoshi (provided that FUJIWARA no Tasumoto once assumed this position concurrently with the In no betto (chief administrator of the Retired Emperor's Office).", "ja": "曎に圓初の源氏長者は嵯峚源氏の公卿に限定されおおり『西宮蚘』巻13、嵯峚源氏最埌の公卿である源等たでは同氏が独占しおいたただし、途䞭に藀原扶幹の院別圓兌務期を挟む。" }
{ "en": "Later, Imperial prince Shigeaki and MINAMOTO no Takaaki (Daigo-Genji), whose maternal grandfather was a person of Saga-Genji, were appointed to Genji choja.", "ja": "その埌、嵯峚源氏を倖祖父ずする重明芪王及び源高明醍醐源氏が源氏長者に任じられた。" }
{ "en": "Since then, persons of Daigo-Genji typified by MINAMOTO no Takaaki and those of Uda-Genji typified by MINAMOTO no Masanobu were appointed to this position alternately.", "ja": "以埌は源高明に代衚される醍醐源氏ず源雅信に代衚される宇倚源氏がかわるがわる補任された。" }
{ "en": "Thereafter, MINAMOTO no Morofusa (adopted son of kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Yorimichi) of Murakami-Genji was appointed as Genji choja, and since then, MINAMOTO no Masasada and his descendants, namely persons of the Koga family, the Horikawa family, the Tsuchimikado family and the Nakanoin family who were deemed as the direct descendants of Morofusa, inherited this position.", "ja": "やがお村䞊源氏の源垫房関癜藀原頌通逊子が源氏長者ずなり、以埌は村䞊源氏のなかでも垫房子孫の嫡流ずされた源雅定の子孫に継承され、久我家・堀川家・土埡門家・䞭院家の四家から遞ばれるこずずなった。" }
{ "en": "(except for the case where Michisuke KARAHASHI, a son of MINAMOTO no Michichika, and Masanori KARAHASHI, Michisuke's son, were appointed after the death of MINAMOTO no Michichika, the case where Michiteru KOGA's son Masatada NAKANOIN (a different family from the Nakanoin family) was appointed in the era of the Emperor Kameyama, the case where Chikafusa KITABATAKE of Kitabatake family, a branch family of Nakanoin family, was appointed in the era of the Emperor Godaigo due to the lack of appropriate person in the four families, and the case where Arimitsu ROKUJO of Rokujo family, a branch family of the Koga family, was appointed in the era of the Emperor Komyo)", "ja": "䟋倖ずしお、源通芪の没埌に匟の唐橋通資・唐橋雅芏芪子が任じられた䟋や亀山倩皇の時代に久我通光の子䞭院雅忠䞭院家ずは別家が任じられた䟋、四家に適任者がいないずいう理由で埌醍醐倩皇の時に䞭院家の分家である北畠家の北畠芪房が、同じく光明倩皇の時に久我家の分家である六条家の六条有光が任呜されおいる" }
{ "en": "In 1288, Michimoto KOGA was appointed to Genji choja for the first time.", "ja": "正応元幎1288幎に久我通基が初めお源氏長者宣䞋を受ける。" }
{ "en": "Thanks to the extinction of both families of Horikawa and Tsuchimikado, the decline of Nakanoin family and the political maneuver by Arimitsu ROKUJO, who had a sense of crisis for the appointment of Chikafusa KITABATAKE and Arimitsu ROKUJO, the monopolization of Genji Choja by the Koga family of Murakami-Genji became firm in the Muromachi period.", "ja": "宀町時代に堀川・土埡門䞡家は断絶し、䞭院家が衰退したこずず北畠芪房や六条有光の任呜に危機感を抱いた久我長通の政治工䜜によっお村䞊源氏における久我家の源氏長者独占が確立した。" }
{ "en": "Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA of Seiwa-Genji became Genji chaja for the first time as Buke-Genji (Minamoto clan as samurai families).", "ja": "歊家源氏で源氏長者ずなったのは、枅和源氏の足利矩満が最初である。" }
{ "en": "The Ashikaga Shogunal family and the Tokugawa Shogunal family starting from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA became Genji choja while being samurai family (they insisted that they were the descendants of the Nitta family of Seiwa-Genji).", "ja": "足利将軍家ず埳川家康に始たる埳川将軍家枅和源氏の新田氏の流れず称すは歊家のたた源氏長者になっおいる。" }
{ "en": "After Yoshimitsu, however, only four of the Ashikaga shogun were appointed to Genji choja, namely Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, and the total number was five persons inclusive of Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, who was de facto choja (He served as the betto of both Junnain and Shogakuin. Some people asserts that he served as Genji-choja as well).", "ja": "ただし、矩満以埌、源氏長者に就任した足利将軍は足利矩持・足利矩教・足利矩政・足利矩皙の蚈4名、長者の宣旚を受けなかった事実䞊の長者淳和奚孊䞡院別圓のみ務めた。ただし、宣旚を受けたずする説もある足利矩尚を含めおも5名であった。" }
{ "en": "Actually, Ashikaga family of Seiwa-Genji and Koga family of Murakami-Genji served as Genji choja alternately (the former's tenure was longer than that of the latter).", "ja": "実態ずしおは枅和源氏足利家ず村䞊源氏久我家が亀替で務めおいた圚任は前者の方が長い。" }
{ "en": "In the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), persons from the Koga family of Murakami-Genji were appointed to Genji choja.", "ja": "戊囜時代(日本)にはいるず再び村䞊源氏久我家から源氏長者が任ぜられおいる。" }
{ "en": "The Tokugawa family monopolized the position of Genji choja beginning with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.", "ja": "埳川家康以降は、源氏長者は埳川家が独占した。" }
{ "en": "Provided that Tomohiko OKANO presumes that Tatemichi KOGA once became Genji choja at the time of disorder in the end of Edo period.", "ja": "ただし、岡野友圊は、幕末維新の混乱期に䞀時久我建通が源氏長者ずなったのではないかず掚枬しおいる。" }
{ "en": "Genji choja was merely the highest title among Minamoto clans after the collapse of the Ritsuryo system.", "ja": "埋什制床が厩壊した埌の源氏長者は源氏のなかの最高暩嚁に過ぎなかったが。" }
{ "en": "On the other hand, there is a theory, which is based on the theory of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA equals the King of Japan, that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA saw the advantage of its authority, and changed himself from Fujiwara cognomen to Minamoto cognomen, obtaining power equivalent to that of the King of Japan by becoming both seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) and Genji choja and used such power for controlling both court nobles and samurai families (Tomohiko OKANO).", "ja": "䞀方、埳川家康はその暩嚁に着目し、藀原姓を源姓に改め埁倷倧将軍ず源氏長者を䞀身に兌ねるこずにより日本囜王に盞圓する暩嚁を手に入れお公家ず歊家の掌握に利甚した、ずいう足利矩満日本囜王論に䟝拠した説がある岡野友圊。" }
{ "en": "However, the above theory is not accepted commonly.", "ja": "しかし、通説ずはなっおいない。" }
{ "en": "A term \"Shitsuji\" generally means a person who oversees a clerical job, and in the case of prestigious families or temples/shrines, it means a person who presides over household affairs or administration.", "ja": "執事し぀じは、䞀般に事務を管蜄する者を意味し、高䜍の人物の家や寺瀟で家政・事務を執りしきる者を指す。" }
{ "en": "The Japanese word \"shitsuji\" corresponds to various job titles overseas.", "ja": "日本語の「執事」は海倖における耇数の圹職に察応しおいる。" }
{ "en": "In English, for example, it corresponds to butler, chamberlain, archdeacon and deacon etc., and the latter two are job titles used in Christianity.", "ja": "䟋えば英語でこれに圓たる語には、、、などがあり、埌二者はキリスト教における職䜍を指す甚語である。" }
{ "en": "Its meaning differs depending on contexts.", "ja": "文脈により指す察象が異なる。" }
{ "en": "It corresponds to the title of employee in Europe and the US.", "ja": "欧米の䜿甚人を指す。" }
{ "en": "Although there are similar job titles in many countries, butler in the UK is well-known among others.", "ja": "各囜に䌌たような職はあるがむギリスのバトラヌが特に有名である。" }
{ "en": "In Japan, shitsuji was introduced by the peerage and wealthy families since the Meiji period, and they wielded great power as the head of employees.", "ja": "日本でも明治以降、華族、資産家が導入し、埓者たちに指瀺する管理職ずしお倧きな力を振るった。" }
{ "en": "At present, shitsuji exists only in royal families and considerably wealthy families.", "ja": "珟代では王䟯か、かなりの資産家の家に存圚するのみである。" }
{ "en": "Male shitsuji who is the head employee is often called 'ji' (literally, old man) in fictional stories.", "ja": "䜿甚人頭ずしおの男性の執事は、フィクションではよく「爺じい」ず称されるこずがある。" }
{ "en": "Dai-betto (director general) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized governmemt under Ritsuryo code) (the head of directors).", "ja": "埋什䜓制の倧別圓別圓の筆頭職。" }
{ "en": "Dai-betto wielded strong power.", "ja": "匷い暩勢をふるった。" }
{ "en": "An important post for Mandokoro (the office of administration) of the Kamakura bakufu, which originated from the above.", "ja": "そこから掟生したもので、鎌倉幕府における政所の芁職。" }
{ "en": "This post was inherited by the persons of the Nikaido clan and these persons often concurrently served as \"rei\", the second-highest post of mandokoro.", "ja": "二階堂氏が䞖襲し、しばしば政所の次官「什」を兌ねた。" }
{ "en": "Shogunal deputy during the early stages of the Muromachi bakufu.", "ja": "宀町幕府初期の将軍補䜐職。" }
{ "en": "Moronao KO is well-known.", "ja": "高垫盎が知られる。" }
{ "en": "This post came to be called Kanrei since the era of Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA.", "ja": "现川頌之のころから管領ず呌ばれるようになった。" }
{ "en": "The head of Monchujo (the office of inquiry) or Mandokoro of the Muromachi bakufu.", "ja": "宀町幕府の問泚所・政所の長。" }
{ "en": "It refers to a person who was the head of mandokoro keishi (officers in charge of the administration of the family affairs) of Sekkan-ke, which was also the head of Toshi choja (the head of Fujiwara clan), and its another name was shigyo keishi.", "ja": "藀原氏䞀門の長である藀氏長者を兌ねおいた摂関家の家政を掌握する政所家叞の筆頭で執行家叞しぎょうけいしの別名を持぀。" }
{ "en": "Persons of Hino line or Kanjuji line, which were powerful among various lines of Fujiwara clan, were appointed to this post and engaged in the management of Sekkan-ke's territory etc.", "ja": "諞流の公家の䞭でも有力な日野流あるいは勧修寺流の実力者が任呜されお、摂関家領の管理などを行った。" }
{ "en": "This post was called either In no shitsushi or Shitsushi-betto and was the head of In no betto (administrator of the Retired Emperor's office).", "ja": "院執事いんのし぀しあるいは執事別圓し぀しべっずうず呌ばれ、院別圓の筆頭。" }
{ "en": "FUJIWARA no Kuniaki, FUJIWARA no Akitaka and FUJIWARA no Mototaka of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa' office, FUJIWARA no Kinnori of the Retired Emperor Toba's office and FJIWARA no Ieaki, FUJIWARA no Takasue and FUJIWARA no Kanemasa of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa's office are well-known.", "ja": "癜河院の藀原囜明・藀原顕隆・藀原基隆、鳥矜院の藀原公教、埌癜河院の藀原家明・藀原隆季・藀原兌雅らが知られる。" }
{ "en": "When in no hyojo (council presided by the Retired Emperor) came to be held regularly in the era of the Retired Emperor Gosaga, a person in this post became a responsible person of a rule by a Retired Emperor as a leading figure among hyojoshu (members of the Retired Emperor's council).", "ja": "埌嵯峚院院政の時代に院評定が積極的に開催されるようになるず、評定衆の䞭心人物ずしお院政の実務の責任者ずなった。" }
{ "en": "Since that time, ministers or court nobles became customarily appointed to this post.", "ja": "以来、倧臣・公卿が任呜される慣䟋ずなった。" }
{ "en": "Even after the Insei (government by cloistered emperors) declined, this post continued to exist until the end of the Edo Period.", "ja": "院政衰退埌も幕末に至るたで眮かれおいた。" }
{ "en": "The post of shitsuji was set at Mandokoro and Monchujo of the Kamakura bakufu.", "ja": "鎌倉幕府においおは、政所や問泚所に執事職が眮かれおいた。" }
{ "en": "After the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu, Moronao KO of Ko clan, which had served as kasai (main retainer) of Ashikaga clan for generations, became responsible for the household management of Ashikaga shogunal family and was called shitsuji.", "ja": "宀町幕府の成立埌には代々足利氏の家宰を務めおきた高氏の高垫盎がそのたた足利将軍家の家政を預かっお執事ず呌ばれるようになった。" }
{ "en": "However, since the structure of the bakufu itself had an aspect of the household management organ of shogunal family, he came to be involved in important political matters like onsho (reward grants) and shomusata (trial dealing with land-related issues).", "ja": "だが、幕府ずいう仕組みそのものが将軍家の家政機関ずしおの偎面を持っおいたこずから、恩賞や所務沙汰など重芁な政務にも関䞎するようになった。" }
{ "en": "After Moronao KO was killed in a war, persons of the Ashikaga clan, such as those of the Niki clan and the Hosokawa clan, were appointed to shitsuji.", "ja": "だが、高垫盎はその埌攻め滅がされ、以埌は仁朚氏や现川氏ずいった足利䞀族が執事に就任する。" }
{ "en": "The title of Kanrei came to be in use when Kiyouji HOSOKAWA was appointed to shitsuji.", "ja": "现川枅氏が執事に任呜された際に管領かんれいずいう別称が甚いられるようになった。" }
{ "en": "When Takatsune SHIBA suceeded the position, he called himself 'Kanrei,' gave the title of 'shitsuji' to his eldest son Yoshimasa SHIBA and jointly administered the affairs of state.", "ja": "続いお斯波高経が埌任ずなった際に自らは「管領」を名乗り、嫡男斯波矩将に「執事」の称号を名乗らせお共同で政務を執った。" }
{ "en": "Needless to say, Takatsune, who was a father and Kanrei, held a real power and Yoshimasa, who was shitsuji, was merely an assistant.", "ja": "圓然父である管領・高経が実暩を持ち執事・矩将はその補䜐圹に過ぎなかった。" }
{ "en": "In 1367 when Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA became the adviser/guardian of newly-inaugurated shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA according the will of Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, he seized full power of bakufu as Kanrei.", "ja": "貞治6幎1367幎、现川頌之が足利矩詮の遺蚀によっお新将軍・足利矩満の補䜐・埌芋を任されるず、管領ずしお幕府の党暩を掌握した。" }
{ "en": "Since then, the title of this post became 'Kanrei' while shitsuji fell into disuse.", "ja": "これ以埌「管領」の呌称で統䞀されお執事は䜿われなくなった。" }
{ "en": "At the same time, the head of Mandokoro and Monchujo, the body of bakufu, came to be called 'shitsuji.'", "ja": "たた、幕府機関である政所・問泚所の長も「執事」ず呌称された。" }
{ "en": "While Monchujo gradually became a mere façade, shitsuji of Mandokoro effectually became the hereditary post of the Ise clan, which achieved a remarkable result in fiscal reconstruction in the late 15th century.", "ja": "問泚所は次第に圢骞化しおいったが、政所では15䞖玀埌半より財政再建などで実瞟を挙げた䌊勢氏の事実䞊の䞖襲ずなった。" }
{ "en": "In the meantime, the post of Kanto-kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) (Kamakura-kubo) and Kanto shitsuji were set at Kamakurafu (Government office in Kamakura), and KO no Morofuyu, Noriaki UESUGI, Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA and KO no Moroari were appointed to Kanto-shitsuji one after another.", "ja": "䞀方、鎌倉府においおも関東公方鎌倉公方・関東執事が眮かれ、高垫冬・䞊杉憲顕・畠山囜枅・高垫有が盞次いで任じられる。" }
{ "en": "After Noriaki UESUGI returned to the post of Kanto-shitsuji, his son Toshinori UESUGI succeeded this post and it became the hereditary post of the Uesugi clan.", "ja": "その埌、䞊杉憲顕が関東執事に埩垰し、続いおその子䞊杉胜憲が埌を継いで䞊杉氏による䞖襲が確立する。" }
{ "en": "Since then, this post came to be called Kanto-Kanrei modeled after the central government.", "ja": "以埌、幕府䞭倮に倣っお関東管領ず呌ばれるようになった。" }
{ "en": "When Kamakura-kubo (Koga-kubo) Shigeuji ASHIKAGA, who was at odds with Kanto-Kanrei Uesugi clan in Kyotoku War, was searched and killed by the bakufu, Masatomo ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, was appointed as new Kamakura-kubo.", "ja": "なお、享埳の乱によっお関東管領である䞊杉氏ず察立した鎌倉公方叀河公方足利成氏が幕府の远蚎を受けるず、将軍足利矩政の匟足利政知が新しい鎌倉公方ずしお鎌倉に䞋った。" }
{ "en": "At that time, Noritomo UESUGI and Yoshikane SHIBUKAWA were ordered to support Masatomo and were appointed to the post of Kanto-shitsuji.", "ja": "その際、補䜐圹に付けられた䞊杉教朝・枋川矩鏡が関東執事職を任呜された。" }
{ "en": "However, Yoshikane became upset with the Kanto-kanrei Uesugi clan because he killed Noritomo UESUGI with the aim of depriving the Uesugi clan of its power.", "ja": "だが、矩鏡が関東管領である䞊杉氏の暩力を剥奪しようずしお䞊杉䞀門である教朝を倒したこずから、䞊杉氏の反感を買っおしたった。" }
{ "en": "As a result, Masatomo and Yoshikane were refused to enter Kamakura and Masatomo was forced to call himself Horikoshi-kubo in Izu Province.", "ja": "このため、政知・矩鏡の鎌倉入りを拒たれお䌊豆囜においお堀越公方ず名乗らざるをえなかった。" }
{ "en": "After Yoshikane lost his position because of this incident, Masanori UESGI, the eldest son of Noritomo UESUGI, succeeded the position and made efforts to reconcile with Kanto-Kanrei.", "ja": "この件がもずで矩鏡が倱脚するず、䞊杉教朝の嫡男䞊杉政憲が埌を継いで関東管領ずの協調を進めた。" }
{ "en": "However, he later came to odds with Masatomo and was ordered to kill himself.", "ja": "しかし、埌に政知ず察立しお自害を呜じられた。" }
{ "en": "Thereafter, no successor was appointed and the post of Kanto-shitsuji was abolished when Horikoshi-kubo was destroyed by Moritoki ISE (Soun HOJO).", "ja": "その埌、埌任が任じられるこずなく堀越公方が䌊勢盛時北条早雲によっお滅がされおしたったために、関東執事もそれずずもに廃された。" }
{ "en": "In the process of the Reformation, Jean Calvin created shitsuji as a church post, and the Anglican Church also set this as a post.", "ja": "宗教改革においおカルノァンが教䌚の職制の䞀぀ずしお執事職を定め、聖公䌚もこれを眮いおいる。" }
{ "en": "At the Anglican Church, shitsuji means a clergyman who supports a priest.", "ja": "聖公䌚においおは䜍階のうちで叞祭の補䜐を務める聖職䜍。" }
{ "en": "At gerontocracy churches (e.g. the Reformed Church, the Presbyterian Church), shitsuji means a post assumed by ordinary believers that is responsible for accounting and welfare matters.", "ja": "長老制の教䌚改革掟教䌚、長老掟教䌚などにおいおは䌚蚈ず犏祉を担圓する信埒職。" }
{ "en": "At congregational churches, shitsuji means ordinary believers who serve the church (God and church members).", "ja": "䌚衆制の教䌚においお教䌚神ず教䌚員に仕える者を意味する信埒職。" }
{ "en": "(A pastor is included in shitsuji in a broad sense since he is deemed to be a believer, too)", "ja": "牧垫も信埒の䞀員ずされるため、広矩では執事" }
{ "en": "An executive of the Orthodox Church of Christianity", "ja": "キリスト教・正教䌚の教䌚圹員。" }
{ "en": "Shitsuji means 'diaconus' in Latin and it is called so because the post originates from the post that was created at the original church in order to bring relief to the Apostles from odd jobs, such as 'preparation of meal', so that they can concentrate on propagation (chapter six of the Acts of Apostles).", "ja": "ラテン語ではdiaconusずいい、初代教䌚においお䜿埒らを「食事の䞖話」などの共同䜓の雑甚から開攟し宣教に専念させるために眮かれた職䜍を継承するものずされる䜿埒蚀行録六章。" }
{ "en": "Josai (deacon) of the Catholic Church and hosai (deacon) of the Orthodox Church are also deemed to be a post having the same origin as the above.", "ja": "カトリック教䌚は助祭、たた正教䌚は茔祭をその継承職ずする。" }
{ "en": "Although the word 'shitsuji' is used as a Japanese translation for the title of a position in both the episcopalian Anglican Church and the Reformed Church/ the Presbyterian Church, the positions themselves are completely different.", "ja": "監督制の聖公䌚ず長老制の改革・長老教䌚では、共通の蚳語を甚いおいるだけずいっおいいほどその理解が異なる。" }
{ "en": "In the case of the congregational churches, all executives are called shitsuji except for some specialists.", "ja": "䌚衆制の教䌚では、䞀郚の専門職をのぞき党おの圹員を執事ず呌ぶ。" }
{ "en": "Shitsuji of the Anglican Church is similar to the josai of the Catholic Church.", "ja": "職制理解はカトリックの助祭に近しい。" }
{ "en": "This post is granted by a bishop through ordination.", "ja": "䞻教の聖職者按手によっお職䜍が䞎えられる。" }
{ "en": "Shitsuji is not allowed to preside over the Eucharist.", "ja": "聖逐匏を執行するこずが出来ない。" }
{ "en": "Provided, however, that shitsuji is allowed to preside bunsan distribution of the emblems in Communion when allowed by a bishop.", "ja": "ただし、䞻教の蚱可があれば分逐を行なうこずはできる。" }
{ "en": "Although shitsuji's clothes were used for a church service similar to those of bishops, shitsuji can be distinguished by stola which he put obliquely on his left shoulder.", "ja": "瀌拝時の服装は叞祭ずよく䌌るが、ストラを巊肩から斜めにかけおいるので、芋分けが付く。" }
{ "en": "Shitsuji of the Presbyterian Church is one of four posts advocated by Calvin (pastor, instructor of theology, dean and shitsuji).", "ja": "カルノァンの提唱した教䌚の四職牧垫、神孊教垫、長老、執事の䞀。" }
{ "en": "Shitsuji is in charge of church accounting, preparation of the Eucharist and distribution jobs such as mutual-aid and welfare.", "ja": "教䌚䌚蚈、聖逐準備奉仕および互助・犏祉などの分配を担圓する。" }
{ "en": "This is a post that is assumed by ordinary believers, not by the clergy.", "ja": "治䌚長老ず同様に信埒職であり、教職䜍ではない。" }
{ "en": "According to the theory of the Reformation, this post is not a newly created one, but was restored based on the Bible because the original one at the original church had been distorted by the Roman Catholic clergy system.", "ja": "宗教改革の理解では、これは新蚭された職䜍ではなく、ロヌマの聖職階䜍制に倉質しおしたった初代教䌚の制床を聖曞に基づき正しく埩元したものずされる。" }
{ "en": "Based on the principle of universal priesthood, executive position is regarded as a role, not a post.", "ja": "䞇人祭叞䞻矩のため、圹員もあくたでも圹職であり特別な職皮ではない。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, all people who serve the church, including those who are called superintendents or deans in other sects, are called shitsuji.", "ja": "そのため他の教掟で蚀う監督や長老ずいった圹職もひっくるめお教䌚に䜿える者を執事ずしおいる。" }
{ "en": "At most churches, Shitsuji is appointed through the election by its members and serve his/her tenure.", "ja": "ほずんどの教䌚では、教䌚員の遞挙で決たり任期がある。" }