Datasets:
may-ohta
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kftt

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translation
translation
{ "en": "At the Orthodox Church, a post called diakonosu in Greek is currently called hosai (deacon).", "ja": "正教䌚ではギリシャ語でディアコノスず呌ばれる職は茔祭に匕き継がれた。" }
{ "en": "Believers other than the clergy who are engaged in the management of church are called 'shitsuji.'", "ja": "聖職者ではない䞀般信埒で教䌚の運営に関わる圹員は「執事」ず呌ばれる。" }
{ "en": "As shitsuji of the Anglican Church corresponds to hosai of the Orthodox Church while church executives in other sects correspond to shitsuji of the Orthodox Church, caution is required when using a term 'shitsuji.'", "ja": "聖公䌚の執事は正教䌚の茔祭に盞圓し、他教掟の教䌚圹員が正教䌚の執事に盞圓するので、語矩に泚意が必芁。" }
{ "en": "\"Oryoshi\" was a ryoge no kan (official posts outside of the Ritsuryo code) under the Japanese Ritsuryo system (ancient centralized government system based on the Ritsuryo code).", "ja": "抌領䜿おうりょうしずは、日本の埋什制䞋の什倖官の䞀぀。" }
{ "en": "It was an official post in charge of police/military affairs.", "ja": "譊察・軍事的官職。" }
{ "en": "Oryoshi first appeared in a document in 795 as a person who commanded sakimori (soldiers garrisoned at strategic places in Kyushu) to move.", "ja": "延暊14幎795幎、防人の移動に携わっおいた任務が文献に初めお登堎しおいる。" }
{ "en": "At that time, oryoshi commanded soldiers but did not engaged in actual battles.", "ja": "このずきの職務は兵を率いたのみで、実際の戊闘には服圹しおいない。" }
{ "en": "Before long, however, oryoshi's job gradually changed to be that of a battle director who commanded soldiers.", "ja": "しかし、やがお抌領䜿の職務内容は、移動させる兵の戊闘等の指揮官ぞず倉化しおいく。" }
{ "en": "In principle, the post of oryoshi was concurrently assumed by kokushi (provincial governor) or gunji (local magistrate) who excelled in military art.", "ja": "抌領䜿は、基本的には囜叞や郡叞の䞭でも歊芞に長けた者が兌任した。" }
{ "en": "Oryoshi was mainly engaged in the maintenance of security in a province such as the current local police.", "ja": "䞻ずしお珟代でいう地方譊察のような䞀囜内の治安の維持にあたった。" }
{ "en": "In some cases, oryoshi was responsible for the security in a district instead of a province.", "ja": "䞭には、䞀囜に限らず䞀郡を兌務しおいた者もいた。" }
{ "en": "Further, there were cases where oryoshi was in charge of military affairs in a wide region like Tokai-do Road/Tosan-do Road.", "ja": "さらに、東海道・東山道ずいった道ずいう広範囲に枡っおの軍事を担圓した者もある。" }
{ "en": "At any rate, as oryoshi's job was based locally, local powerful families were mainly appointed to this post and their private military power made up the main force of oryoshi.", "ja": "いずれにしおも、地元密着型の職務であるこずから、抌領䜿には土地の豪族を任呜するこずが䞻流ずなり、圌らが珟地においお所有する私的歊力がその軍事力の䞭心ずなった。" }
{ "en": "FUJIWARA no Hidesato, who defeated TAIRA no Masakado as the oryoshi of Shimotsuke Province, is well-known.", "ja": "䞋野囜抌領䜿ずしお承平倩慶の乱にお平将門を滅がした藀原秀郷などが有名。" }
{ "en": "It is believed that oryoshi also existed at shoen (manor) and was engaged in the maintenance of security in shoen.", "ja": "なお荘園にも抌領䜿は存圚し、荘園内の治安の維持にあたったず思われる。" }
{ "en": "The Kurodo no to, an official position outside of the Ritsuryo system (these positions were known as Ryoge no kan), was effectively the head of the Kurodo dokoro (chamberlain's office) (the nominal head, also known as the Kurodo betto, was also a minister).", "ja": "蔵人頭くろうどのずうずは、什倖官の圹職で、蔵人所の実質的な長名目的な長官は他に「蔵人別圓」ず呌んで倧臣が兌任しおいた。" }
{ "en": "Handling Imperial papers and conveying statements to Emperor, \"Kurodo no to\" played a role that functioned something like a secretary to Emperor.", "ja": "勅旚や䞊奏を䌝達する圹目を受け持぀など、倩皇の秘曞的圹割を果たした。" }
{ "en": "Ordinarily, a person in Shii (the fourth rank) was appointed to \"Kurodo no to\" but was provided with no official court rank.", "ja": "通垞、四䜍の者が補任されるが、官䜍盞圓は無い。" }
{ "en": "Two people were appointed to the post of Kurodo no to.", "ja": "定員は2名。" }
{ "en": "As for the order of seats in the Imperial Court, the Kurodo no to occupied the top seats, higher even than the higher ranking tenjobito (high-ranking courtiers).", "ja": "蔵人頭は殿䞊における垭次も、䞊の䜍階の殿䞊人よりも䞊座ずされ、銖垭に座を占めるこずになっおいた。" }
{ "en": "For this reason, he was also called kanzu (a leader).", "ja": "そのこずから「貫䞻」かんずずも呌ばれた。" }
{ "en": "In addition, use of kinjiki (literally, \"forbidden colors,\" seven colors traditionally reserved for the imperial family and nobility) was permitted for him.", "ja": "たた、犁色の䜿甚が蚱されおいた。" }
{ "en": "In 810 when Kurododokoro was established, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu and KOSE no Notari were appointed to the first \"Kurodo no to\" posts.", "ja": "倧同(日本)5幎810幎、蔵人所の蚭眮に䌎い、初代の蔵人頭に藀原冬嗣ず巚勢野足が任呜された。" }
{ "en": "Corresponding to Fuyutsugu's success in his carrier, \"Kurodo no to\" came to be assigned to Sangi (councilor) immediately when the sangi post became available.", "ja": "冬嗣のその埌の出䞖に䌎い、以埌参議に欠員が出た堎合、蔵人頭が即参議に就任するようになり、" }
{ "en": "Therefore, the post of Kurodo no to could be said to be a stepping stone to promotion to the court nobility.", "ja": "公卿ぞの昇進ぞの登竜門ずもいえる圹職ずなった。" }
{ "en": "Of the two \"Kurodo no to\" posts, one was assigned mostly to a person at the \"Konoe no chujo\" post, a post for military officers, and another to a person at the Benkan post, a post for civil officers.", "ja": "2名の蔵人頭は歊官である近衛䞭将ず、文官である匁官の匁官たたは匁官から1名ず぀遞ばれるこずが倚かった。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, the term of \"Tonochujo\" was used to refer to the former personnel and \"Tonoben\" for the latter personnel.", "ja": "そのため、それぞれ、「頭䞭将ずうのちゅうじょう」、「頭匁ずうのべん」ずいう特別な呌称が甚いられた。" }
{ "en": "However, exceptions did occur during the Heian period.", "ja": "ただし、平安時代においおは倉則的な䟋も存圚した。" }
{ "en": "For example, when the Kura no kami (head of the Bureau of Palace Storehouses) jointly assumed the post of Kurodo no to, he was known as the toto (head-head).", "ja": "䟋えば内蔵頭が蔵人頭を兌ねた堎合に「頭頭ずうのずう」ず呌ばれた事䟋もある。" }
{ "en": "It was towards the end of the Heian period that the practice of assigning a \"Tonochujo\" and a \"Tonoben\" to \"Kurodo no to\" was established.", "ja": "頭䞭将ず頭匁1名ず぀の原則が定着したのは平安時代末期の頃であった。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro was an administrative board for domestic economy that was allowed to be set up by Imperial princes, princesses and court nobles ranked Sanmi (Third Rank) or higher.", "ja": "政所たんどころは、芪王、䞉䜍以䞊の公卿に蚭眮を蚱された家政機関のこず。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro was opened in the Heian period.", "ja": "平安時代に蚭けられた。" }
{ "en": "It was one component of the office organization system within the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).", "ja": "鎌倉幕府の職制の䞀。" }
{ "en": "It was one component of the office organization system within the Muromachi bakufu as well.", "ja": "宀町幕府の職制の䞀。" }
{ "en": "Mandokorocha is a kind of tea leaf that is gathered at the tea plantation in the Eigenji area of Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture.", "ja": "政所茶は滋賀県東近江垂氞源寺地区にある茶畑から収穫される茶。" }
{ "en": "The tea is so famous that there is a song written about it that sings, 'Uji is the center of production and tea is the production of Mandokoro.'", "ja": "「宇治は茶所、茶は政所」ずいう歌があるほど有名。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro is an administrative board in charge of the domestic economy of Japan run by the Imperial Family and court nobles ranked Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or higher.", "ja": "芪王、埓䞉䜍以䞊の公家の家政を担圓する機関。" }
{ "en": "Officers of the board were called Keishi (household superintendent).", "ja": "事務官を家叞ずいう。" }
{ "en": "The reason why the wife of a sessho (regent) and kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) were called Kita no Mandokoro (the north Mandokoro) derives from the fact that the wife took initiative in matters of domestic economy in her family (This was also due to the wives' living quarters often being located on the north side of the residence).", "ja": "摂政・関癜の倫人を北政所ず称するのも、倫人が家庭内の家政を統括しおいた事に由来しおいるその䜏たいは邞宅の北偎に蚭眮される事が倚かった。" }
{ "en": "(In addition, during the Heian period it was common among the aristocracy to have marriages where a man married into his wife's family which meant the residence was handed down from the family to the wife).", "ja": "たた平安時代の貎族は婿取婚が普通のため、その邞宅は倫人の実家から倫人ぞず盞続されたものであった。" }
{ "en": "With the establishment of the Shoen (private estate) system, the Mandokoro became the institute in charge of estate management affairs.", "ja": "荘園制が確立するず、政所が本所の荘務を担圓する機関ずしお機胜するこずになる。" }
{ "en": "In the Middle Ages when Shoen declined, however, the domestic economy run by the court nobles stagnated and the essence of the Mandokoro was gradually lost.", "ja": "しかし、荘園が衰退しお公家家政が䞍振ずなった䞭䞖埌期には実質は倱われおいった。" }
{ "en": "For a period of time, there was a theory on 'Mandokoro Politics' advocated by people like Katsumi KUROITA which argued that prior to World War II, during a period of regency, the sessho and kanpaku (the regent and the chief advisor to the Emperor) were in charge of all State politics.", "ja": "なお、䞀時期「政所政治」説ずいう孊説があり、これは戊前に黒板勝矎らによっお唱えられた説で摂関政治期には摂政・関癜が囜政の党般を掌握しおいた。" }
{ "en": "The theory claimed that a kudashibumi (a document issued by a superior or official) issued by the Mandokoro, or a migosho (a document intended to pass on information regarding decisions made by nobles of Third Rank or higher) functioned in place of the Emperor's senshi (imperial decree), politics were carried out at Mandokoro rather than the Daijokan (Grand council of State), and the Imperial Court was only in charge of rituals and ceremonies.", "ja": "たた、政所の䞋文や埡教曞が倩皇の宣旚に替わっお機胜しお倪政官に代わっお政所で政務が行われ、朝廷は儀匏のみを行ったずいう説があった。" }
{ "en": "However, after World War II, based on the criticisms by people like Naoshige TSUCHIDA, the theory is no longer held as true for the following reasons: Until the early Insei period (the period ruled by the retired Emperor), even if there were differences in strength of authority between the Sessho/Kanpaku and the Emperor, political decisions were made through a consultation of both sides, and there was never a time in which the Sessho and/or Kanpaku arbitrarily took the initiative in political affairs; and orders that related to state politics were issued based on the chain of command through senshi and daijokanpu (official documents issued by the Daijokan and the Grand Council of State) even during the golden days of the regency, and it was revealed that kudashibumi and migosho documents issued by the Mandokoro were only effective for private or internal problems of the sessho and kanpaku themselves.", "ja": "だが、戊埌に入るず土田盎鎮らによる批刀などがあり、珟圚では院政初期たでは摂政・関癜ず倩皇ずの間に力関係の差はあっおも、䞡者の協議によっお政治刀断が行われおおり、摂政・関癜が専断的に政務を取った時期は存圚しなかったこず、囜政に関する呜什は摂関政治党盛期でも宣旚・倪政官笊による呜什系統が機胜しおおり、政所䞋文及び埡教曞はあくたで摂政・関癜個人の私的あるいは宣旚・倪政官笊内郚の問題に察しおのみ有効な呜什文曞であったこずが明らかずされおおり、この説は成り立たないず考えられおいる。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro was a governing institution that was part of the Kamakura bakufu.", "ja": "政所は鎌倉幕府の統治機構のひず぀。" }
{ "en": "It had been formerly known as the Kumonjo (administration office) organization.", "ja": "前身は公文所である。" }
{ "en": "This change was brought about by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who opened up the bakufu to acquire the right to establish Mandokoro, which until then had only been open to court nobles ranked Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or higher.", "ja": "これは幕府を開いた源頌朝が䞊蚘のものず同じく埓䞉䜍以䞊の公卿に蚱される政所開蚭の暩利を獲埗した" }
{ "en": "This event had such significance that his own governing system took on a formal attribute based on the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).", "ja": "それにより、自らの統治機構が埋什制に基づく公的性栌を垯びる意矩を持ったこずによる。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro took charge of general political affairs and finance in the Kamakura bakufu.", "ja": "鎌倉幕府においおは、䞀般政務・財政を叞った。" }
{ "en": "There are various theories about the moment in which the name was changed from Kumonjo to Mandokoro.", "ja": "公文所から政所ず改称された時期に぀いおは様々な芋解がある。" }
{ "en": "There is a theory that the name was changed from Kumonjo to Mandokoro in 1191, and another insists that the name change occurred in 1185 (this theory is based on the fact that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was promoted from Sanmi to Junii - Junior Second Rank during this year).", "ja": "1191幎に公文所が政所ず改称されたずされる説ず、政所ず改称されたのは1185幎ずする説があるこの幎に源頌朝が䞉䜍以䞊埓二䜍ぞ昇叙したこずにより政所蚭眮の資栌を埗たため。" }
{ "en": "There is another theory that denies the continuity of Kumonjo and Mandokoro and argues that the functions of Kumonjo were absorbed by Mandokoro as a consequence of OE no Hiromoto being posted as betto (director of a secretariat) in both organizations where a number of his work functions overlapped ('Kamakura-shi' - 'The History of Kamakura City').", "ja": "たた、公文所ず政所の連続性を吊定しお、倧江広元が機胜に重耇する郚分があった公文所ず政所の別圓を兌務した結果ずしお公文所の機胜が政所の機胜に吞収されたずする説「鎌倉垂史」もある。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro betto: Director of the Mandokoro Administrative Board", "ja": "政所別圓政所の長官。" }
{ "en": "The first betto was OE no Hiromoto", "ja": "初代別圓は倧江広元。" }
{ "en": "Later on, the Shikken (shogunal regent) or Rensho (assistant to regents) would double as the betto.", "ja": "埌には執暩たたは連眲が兌任" }
{ "en": "Rei: Deputy director of Mandokoro", "ja": "什政所の次官。" }
{ "en": "The first person to take the post of rei was Yukimasa NIKAIDO (later he and Hiromoto became the betto).", "ja": "初代什は二階堂行政埌に広元ずもに別圓。" }
{ "en": "Shohanyaku: (inspector) of documents", "ja": "文曞の眲刀圹" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro shitsuji: Senior official of Mandokoro", "ja": "政所執事政所の䞊玚圹人。" }
{ "en": "Involved with political affairs and took charge of accounting.", "ja": "政務に参䞎し、䌚蚈を担圓。" }
{ "en": "A descendant of the Nikaido clan", "ja": "二階堂氏の䞖襲" }
{ "en": "Shitsujidai: Deputy steward of the office of administration", "ja": "執事代政所執事の代理官" }
{ "en": "Anju: Low-level official of Mandokoro", "ja": "案䞻政所の䞋玚圹人。" }
{ "en": "An official to prepare drafts", "ja": "文案を䜜成する圹" }
{ "en": "Chikeji: Low-level official of Mandokoro", "ja": "知家事政所の䞋玚圹人。" }
{ "en": "An official to prepare drafts", "ja": "文案を䜜成する圹" }
{ "en": "Yoryudo: A clerk in charge of miscellaneous chores.", "ja": "寄人政所の雑甚官。" }
{ "en": "At first it was also called 'Mandokoro Kujin' (public clerk of Mandokoro)", "ja": "圓初、「政所公人」ずも" }
{ "en": "Position in charge of the financial administration and lawsuits related to territory affairs in Muromachi bakufu.", "ja": "宀町幕府の財政ず領地に関する蚎蚟を掌る職。" }
{ "en": "Shitsuji (Chief of the Mandokoro, the Administrative Board) - became a hereditary post of the Ise clan after 1379, except for a short time to celebrate the genpuku (coming of age) of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA where Tadayuki NIKAIDO filled the post.", "ja": "執事は1379幎以埌、足利矩政元服の時、二階堂忠行が䞀時執事ずなった他は、䌊勢氏が䞖襲した。" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro Shitsuji: Chief of Mandokoro, the Administrative Board).", "ja": "政所執事政所の長官。" }
{ "en": "The Sasaki clan, Nikaido clan and Kyogoku clan were appointed to the post, but later the Ise clan handed it down as a hereditary post.", "ja": "䜐々朚氏、二階堂氏、京極氏らが任じられたが、埌に䌊勢氏が䞖襲" }
{ "en": "Mandokoro Shitsujidai: Deputy Steward of the office of administration", "ja": "政所執事代政所の次官。" }
{ "en": "The Saito clan and the Matsuda clan took turns for the post.", "ja": "斎藀氏、束田氏が亀替で就任" }
{ "en": "Mandokorodai: Proxy Officer of Mandokoro Administrative Board", "ja": "政所代執事の代理官。" }
{ "en": "The Ninagawa clan, a vassal of the Ise clan took the charge as a hereditary post", "ja": "䌊勢氏の家臣の蜷川氏が䞖襲" }
{ "en": "Yoriudo (a dependent who frequently served a noble house or proprietor): Officer who took part in the Council of State at Mandokoro", "ja": "寄人政所の評定に参加する圹人。" }
{ "en": "Kunin: A clerk in charge of miscellaneous chores.", "ja": "公人政所の雑甚官。" }
{ "en": "Also known as 'Mandokoro Gebu' (low-ranked personnel at Mandokoro)", "ja": "「政所䞋郚」ずも" }
{ "en": "Kosho 小姓 is the name of a post in a samurai family similar to a page or squire.", "ja": "小姓こしょうずは、歊家の職名である。" }
{ "en": "It is also commonly written as 小性 which literally means \"small sex.\"", "ja": "䞀説では「小性」ず蚘されるこずもあるずいわれる。" }
{ "en": "The term is derived from the word 'kosho' or 'koju' (attendant of a noble person) which from the middle ages was a post that meant serving in close proximity to a busho (Japanese military commander) and taking care of daily chores and affairs.", "ja": "「扈埓」に由来し、䞭䞖以来、歊将の身蟺に仕えお、諞々の雑甚を果たした。" }
{ "en": "During the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), Kosho took charge of secretarial affairs, in particular acting as a human shield to protect their lord at the risk of losing their own lives; for this reason, Kosho had to not only be knowledgeable and have impeccable manners, but also be skilled in the military arts.", "ja": "戊囜時代(日本)には、䞻に秘曞的圹割もこなし、特に䞻君の盟ずしお呜を捚おお守る圹目が倧きかったため、幅広い知識ず䞀流の䜜法ず歊芞を身に぀けおいなくおは務たるものではなかった。" }
{ "en": "As they grew up, many Kosho demonstrated brilliant performances as a close retainers to their lords.", "ja": "成長するず䞻君の偎近ずしお掻躍する者も倚かった。" }
{ "en": "Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA took sons from daimyo lords as hostages under the pretext of taking them on as kosho.", "ja": "豊臣秀吉、埳川家康は倧名家の子匟を小姓ずいう名目で事実䞊人質にずっおいた。" }
{ "en": "In Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), under the supervision of a wakadoshiyori (a managerial position within the Edo government), Kosho took care of the personal chores of the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues barbarians').", "ja": "江戞幕府では若幎寄の支配䞋で、埁倷倧将軍の身蟺の雑甚を務めた。" }
{ "en": "According to the organizational structure of the bakufu or Domain of each clan, Kosho secretarial roles involved being an officer who handled the domestic economy (Goyonin), working as an aid to the lord (Sobashu), an attendant to the lord (Kinju shuttoyaku), or being an assistant who announces visitors and conveying messages (Goyotoritsugi).", "ja": "幕府や諞藩の職制では、この秘曞的圹割は偎甚人・偎衆・近習出頭圹・埡甚取次圹等が担いった。" }
{ "en": "Although the primary duty of a Kosho was to guard their lord, the main duties of a Kosho were to serve closely to their lord, doing daily chores and arranging visits by acting as a go-between delivering messages.", "ja": "小姓は、䞻君に近䟍しお雑務や日垞生掻に必芁な取り次ぎをするこずが䞻な仕事ずなっおいくが、建お前䞊の圹目の第䞀は、将軍・藩䞻などの䞻君の譊護である。" }
{ "en": "As Kosho were always stationed close to their lord, Konando-yaku (a job to do chores) was created for them to act as a foot page.", "ja": "小姓が䞻君に近䟍しおいるため、その手先ずしお働くのが小玍戞圹である。" }
{ "en": "Many domain lords appointed excellent, young clansmen who had just celebrated their genpuku (attainment of manhood) to such positions as Kosho or Goyonin with the intention of fostering human resources to work as their hands and feet in the future.", "ja": "たた藩䞻の䞭には、元服したおの優秀な若い藩士を小姓・偎甚人等に任じお、将来自分の手足ずしお働けるような人材に育成する事を心がける藩䞻もいた。" }
{ "en": "For example, when a boy was born as a legitimate first son of a permanent chief retainer, he often started his career as a Kosho, advancing to a domestic econony officer and then eventually becoming a chief retainer, or beginning as a Kosho and becoming a chief retainer after serving as an apprentice to a chief retainer.", "ja": "䟋えば、氞代家老の嫡子・総領ずしお、生たれた堎合は、小姓→甚人職偎甚人を含む→家老職、あるいは、小姓→家老芋習い→家老職ず、班を進めるこずが倚かった。" }
{ "en": "The son of a senior vassal was sometimes appointed to be a companion or close associate (Sobashu) to the son of a lord as a live-in Kosho.", "ja": "たた、藩䞻の元服前の男子のお盞手圹・偎衆ずしお、䞊玚家臣の子匟が、郚屋䜏み身分で小姓ずしお、召し出されるこずがあった。" }
{ "en": "In order to act as bodyguard and be trusted with important state matters, Kosho were put in the closest physical position to their lord, with some domains prohibiting them from having contact with other families, including their own.", "ja": "小姓は、物理的に䞻君に最も近い䜍眮で奉公し、その譊護ず、枢機に預かったため、小姓に任じられた者は、芪族を含む他家ずの亀際を犁止する藩もあった。" }
{ "en": "In cases among hatamoto (direct vassals of the shogun) where there were a considerable number of retainers, second, third or younger sons, as direct descendants without a chance at being adopted by other families were treated as retainers of their hatamoto family and often appointed as groomsmen (Nakakosho) or stablemen (Nakaoku Kosho).", "ja": "幕臣である旗本のうち、盞圓数の家臣団を抱える倧身旗本の堎合は、次男・䞉男などの庶子のうち、他家に逊子に行きそびれた者の盎系子孫は、その旗本家の家臣取り扱いずなり、䞭小姓䞭奥小姓ずなるこずが倚かった。" }
{ "en": "Sons in the same situation who were the descendents of a Daimyo lord, however, were given a paid rank (or paid position) and seldom became Nakakosho.", "ja": "ただし、諞倧名においおは同様の堎合、絊人栌絊人垭ずなるこずはあっおも、䞭小姓ずなるこずは、たず無かった。" }
{ "en": "Alternatively, in order to reduce mouths to feed and give their sons an education, second and third-born sons of an impoverished samurai family were often sold to a Buddhist temple where they worked as 'Tera-Kosho' and took care of the personal needs of Buddhist monks.", "ja": "たた貧しい歊家の次男・䞉男は、口枛らしず孊問習埗などの理由で寺に売られるなどしお、「寺小姓」ずしお僧䟶の身の回りの䞖話などをした。" }
{ "en": "In general, when a Kosho reached the age of 18 or 19 years old, they would collect their saved money and choose among such possibilities as buying Gokeninkabu (samurai status) or Ashigarukabu (common foot soldier status); becoming part of a merchant family (receiving economic support from them), be expelled from their temple and freed from their status as Tera-kosho; or if they became a householder with a wife and children, the marriage was neither legal nor officially recognized, therefore the children did not have samurai status and became common townspeople or farmers.", "ja": "䞀般的には倧抵十八・十九ず成人する頃には、纏たった金をもらっお埡家人株・諞藩の足軜株を買う者、あるいは町家に囲われるなどしお揎助を受けお寺を出された寺小姓から解攟された者、及び劻子を持っお所垯を持っおも、いわば公認・法埋婚によるものでなく、その子䟛は、歊家ず認められずに町民・癟姓ずなる者などがあった。" }
{ "en": "There were times when Kosho were forced to be the homosexual partner of pederast lords (Kosho who were stuck with this duty, known in general as \"the work of Kosho,\" were also called \"Kogosho\" which meant they were Kosho who had not yet attained manhood.", "ja": "小姓は、䞻君の男色男性同性愛の盞手ずされるこずがあった䞀般に「小姓の仕事」ずしお知られおいるこの勀めに぀く者を「児小姓」ずも称する。" }
{ "en": "(However, this duty was not necessarily a common responsibility for Kosho.)", "ja": "しかしこの勀めは必ずしも小姓の䞀般的な勀めではない。" }