translation
translation |
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{
"en": "This hermitage was named Toenken.",
"ja": "名付けて投淵軒という。"
} |
{
"en": "After the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, its control of temples became tighter through the establishment of jiinhatto (laws for temples), and so on.",
"ja": "江戸幕府が成立すると、寺院法度などにより寺社への締め付けが厳しくなる。"
} |
{
"en": "In particular, against the influential temples such as Daitoku-ji Temple, regulations aiming to weaken their ties with the Imperial Court, called Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto (Laws for Aristocrats), were also imposed.",
"ja": "特に、大徳寺のような有力な寺院については、禁中並公家諸法度によって朝廷との関係を弱めるための規制もかけられた。"
} |
{
"en": "In these acts, it was stipulated that a priest who assumed the position of juji of Daitoku-ji temple was nominated by Edo bakufu, instead of the imperial decree issued by the Emperor, and only priests who obtained the approval of bakufu were allowed to wear sie (the purple Buddhist priest stole) granted by the Emperor.",
"ja": "これらの法度には、従来、天皇の詔で決まっていた大徳寺の住持職を江戸幕府が決めるとされ、また天皇から賜る紫衣の着用を幕府が認めた者にのみ限ることなどが定められた。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1627, the bakufu annulled Emperor Gomizunoo's charter that allowed the wearing of sie by reason of violating the acts and ordered Kyoto Shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) to confiscate the sie in question.",
"ja": "1627年（寛永4年）、幕府は、後水尾天皇が幕府に諮ることなく行った紫衣着用の勅許について、法度違反とみなして勅許状を無効とし、京都所司代に紫衣の取り上げを命じた。"
} |
{
"en": "Takuan, who opposed bakufu's decision, went up to Kyoto in a hurry, organized monks of Daitoku-ji Temple in cooperation with Sohaku, a former chief priest, and launched a campaign against it together with Tanden and Togen of Myoshin-ji Temple.",
"ja": "これに反対した沢庵は、急ぎ京へ上り、前住職の宗珀（そうはく）と大徳寺の僧をまとめ、妙心寺の単伝(たんでん)・東源（とうげん）らとともに、反対運動を行った。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1629, the bakufu exiled Takuan, Sohaku, Tanden and Togen to Kaminoyama City in Dewa Province, Tanakura in Mutsu Province, Yuri in Mutsu Province and Tsugaru, respectively.",
"ja": "1629年（寛永6年）、幕府は、沢庵を出羽国上山市に、また宗珀を陸奥国棚倉、単伝は陸奥国由利、東源は津軽へ各々流罪とした。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1632, the Ordinance of Amnesty was issued when Shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA passed away and those priests who had been involved in the Shie Incident were pardoned thanks to the efforts of Tenkai and Munenori YAGYU.",
"ja": "1632年、将軍徳川秀忠の死により大赦令が出され、天海や柳生宗矩の尽力により、紫衣事件に連座した者たちは許された。"
} |
{
"en": "\"Fudochi Shinmyo Roku\" (The Miracle of Immovable Wisdom), which compiled letters which Takuan had sent to Munenori YAGYU, is well-known as the one preaching 'Kenzen ichimi' (The Sword and Zen are One).",
"ja": "沢庵が柳生宗矩に与えた書簡を集めた『不動智神妙録』は、「剣禅一味」を説いたものとして著名である。"
} |
{
"en": "Takuan then went to Edo and joined Kanda Kotoku-ji Temple.",
"ja": "沢庵はいったん江戸に出て、神田広徳寺に入った。"
} |
{
"en": "Takuan, however, was not allowed to return immediately to Kyoto and in the winter of the same year, he moved to Naoyori HORI's second house located in Komagome and stayed there until the summer of 1634.",
"ja": "しかし京に帰ることはすぐには許されず、沢庵は同年冬駒込の堀直寄の別宅に身を寄せ、1634年（寛永11年）夏までここに留まった。"
} |
{
"en": "When Shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA came up to Kyoto after Takuan had returned to Daitoku-ji Temple together with Sohaku, he had an audience with Iemitsu due to the exhortation of Munenori YAGYU and Naoyori HORI.",
"ja": "宗珀とともに大徳寺に戻ったのち、家光が上洛し、天海や柳生宗矩・堀直寄の強い勧めがあり、沢庵は将軍徳川家光に謁見した。"
} |
{
"en": "From that time, Iemitsu became a devout believer of Takuan.",
"ja": "この頃より家光は深く沢庵に帰依するようになった。"
} |
{
"en": "In the same year, he returned to his birthplace Izushi but in the following year, he again went to Edo in response to an eager request made by Iemitsu.",
"ja": "同年郷里出石に戻ったが、翌年家光に懇願されて再び江戸に下った。"
} |
{
"en": "Takuan did not want to stay in Edo but he could not return to his birthplace because of Iemitsu's strong request.",
"ja": "沢庵は江戸に留まることを望まなかったが、家光の強い要望があり、帰郷することは出来なかった。"
} |
{
"en": "Iemitsu constructed Tokai-ji Temple on Mt. Bansho at Shinagawa and nominated Takuan as its juji.",
"ja": "家光は品川に萬松山東海寺を建て、沢庵を住持とした。"
} |
{
"en": "Iemitsu often consulted with Takuan concerning political matters.",
"ja": "家光は政事に関する相談もたびたび行った。"
} |
{
"en": "The above are believed to be conciliatory measures by Iemitsu.",
"ja": "これは家光による懐柔工作であると考えられている。"
} |
{
"en": "Conversely, it shows the fact about how strong Takuan's influence was.",
"ja": "それは逆に言えば沢庵の影響力がいかに強かったかを示している。"
} |
{
"en": "On January 27, 1646, Takuan passed away in Edo.",
"ja": "1646年1月27日（正保2年12月11日）、沢庵は江戸で没した。"
} |
{
"en": "Although his graves exist at Sukyo-ji Temple and Tokai-ji Temple, Takuan used to say that he didn't need a grave.",
"ja": "墓は宗鏡寺と東海寺にあるが、もともと沢庵は墓は要らないといっていた。"
} |
{
"en": "Takuan's words and deeds in his later years could be interpreted as his apostasy or the fact that he was won over to Iemitsu's side.",
"ja": "晩年の沢庵の言動は変節とも、家光に取り込まれたともいえる。"
} |
{
"en": "Under such circumstance, historical assessment of Takuan is not yet determined.",
"ja": "このため沢庵についての歴史的評価はいまだに定まっていない。"
} |
{
"en": "It is generally believed that takuanzuke, pickled daikon, was invented by Takuan or was spread by Takuan in Edo while it had been popular only in the Kansai region.",
"ja": "ダイコンの漬物であるいわゆる沢庵漬けは一伝に沢庵が考えたといい、あるいは関西で広く親しまれていたものを沢庵が江戸に広めたともいう。"
} |
{
"en": "According to the latter view, it is believed that when Takuan served takuwaezuke (literally, pickle to preserve) of daikon to Iemitsu taking the opportunity of his visit to Tokai-ji Temple, Iemitsu was satisfied with it and said 'It should be named Takuanzuke rather than takuwaezuke,' but this is no more than hearsay.",
"ja": "後者の説によれば、家光が東海寺に沢庵を訪れた際、ダイコンのたくわえ漬を供したところ、家光が気に入り、「たくわえ漬にあらず沢庵漬なり」と命名したと伝えられるが風聞の域を出ない。"
} |
{
"en": "Takuan is often connected with Musashi in fiction.",
"ja": "フィクション上では、しばしば武蔵と結び付けられる。"
} |
{
"en": "In Miyamoto Musashi written by Eiji YOSHIKAWA, for example, he is depicted as a key person who bears the role of admonishing Musashi.",
"ja": "例えば、吉川英治作の宮本武蔵では武蔵を諭す、キーパーソン的な役割を担っている。"
} |
{
"en": "Shushin GIDO (February 8, 1325 - May 18, 1388) was a priest of the Rinzai sect who was active from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period.",
"ja": "義堂周信（ぎどうしゅうしん、1325年3月1日（正中(元号)2年1月16日(旧暦)）-1388年5月10日（元中5年/嘉慶(日本)2年4月4日(旧暦)））は、南北朝時代(日本)から室町時代の臨済宗の僧である。"
} |
{
"en": "Donin KUGE.",
"ja": "空華道人。"
} |
{
"en": "He was born in Takaoka of Tosa Province (Tsuno-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi Prefecture).",
"ja": "土佐国高岡(高知県高岡郡津野町)の生まれ。"
} |
{
"en": "At Mt. Hiei, he became a disciple of Soseki MUSO who was closely acquainted with the Ashikaga Shogun family.",
"ja": "京都比叡山で足利将軍家とも親密であった夢窓疎石の弟子となる。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1359, he moved to Kamakura in response to the invitation of Motouji ASHIKAGA, then the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), the position which bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established for the purpose of governing the Kanto region, and taught the Zen sect to Motouji as well as the Uesugi clan of Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).",
"ja": "1359年（延文4）に幕府が関東地方の統治のために設置した鎌倉公方の足利基氏に招かれて鎌倉へ赴き、基氏や関東管領の上杉氏などに禅宗を教える。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1379, he went up to Kyoto and became something similar to a private tutor for the 3rd shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.",
"ja": "1379年（康暦元）に上京し、3代将軍足利義満の家庭教師的存在となる。"
} |
{
"en": "He exhorted the construction of Shokoku-ji Temple, served as the chief priest of Kennin-ji Temple, became the chief priest of Nanzen-ji Temple in 1386 and further served as the chief priest of Toji-ji Temple.",
"ja": "相国寺建立を進言し、建仁寺住職、1386年には南禅寺の住職となり、等持寺住職も務めた。"
} |
{
"en": "Along with Myoha SHUNOKU and Chushin ZEKKAI, he is well-known for his familiarity with Chinese culture and is considered as a representative Kyoto Gozan (Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto) academic priest.",
"ja": "春屋妙葩や絶海中津と並び中国文化に通じた京都五山を代表する学問僧とされている。"
} |
{
"en": "Ryokei ONISHI (December 21, 1875 - February 15, 1983) was a Hosso Sect Buddhist monk who served as head priest of Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto and in his later years was also renowned for holding the record as the oldest person in Japan.",
"ja": "大西良慶（おおにしりょうけい,1875年（明治8年）12月21日-1983年（昭和58年）2月15日）は、京都清水寺の貫主を務め、その晩年は日本の長寿記録保持者としても有名であった法相宗の僧である。"
} |
{
"en": "He passed away in 1983 aged 108 years.",
"ja": "昭和58年、108歳で天寿を全うした。"
} |
{
"en": "He was born in Nara Prefecture and went under the pseudonym 'Muin.'",
"ja": "奈良県の出身であり、号は「無隠」。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1889, he went to Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara where he entered the Buddhist priesthood under Teicho CHIHAYA.",
"ja": "1889年に奈良の興福寺に入り、千早定朝師に従い出家する。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1890, he studied the yuishiki (consciousness-only theory) under Join SAEKI of Horyu-ji Temple.",
"ja": "1890年、法隆寺の佐伯定胤に唯識を学ぶ。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1899, he became the 231st head priest of Kofuku-ji Temple and was appointed chief abbot of the Hosso Sect in 1904.",
"ja": "1899年、興福寺231世となり、1904年には、法相宗の管長に就任する。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1914, he was appointed head priest of Kiyomizu-dera Temple but retained his position as head priest of Kofuku-ji Temple.",
"ja": "1914年、清水寺住職となるが、興福寺も兼務する。"
} |
{
"en": "In 1965, he established the Kita Hosso Sect headquartered at Kiyomizu-dera Temple and assumed the position of chief abbot.",
"ja": "1965年、清水寺を本山とする北法相宗を設立、初代の管長に就任する。"
} |
{
"en": "He had a deep knowledge of Buddhist sects other than the Hosso Sect and successively held several important positions within the world of Buddhism.",
"ja": "法相宗以外の諸宗にも造詣が深く、仏教界の要職を歴任した。"
} |
{
"en": "His Buddhist sermons known as Ryokei no Sechi were highly popular.",
"ja": "良慶節と呼ばれる独特の説法でも親しまれた。"
} |
{
"en": "He is also famous as the godparent of the first quintuplets in Japan, which were born in Kagoshima Prefecture in 1976.",
"ja": "1976年、鹿児島県に生まれて話題となった日本初の五つ子の名付け親としても有名である。"
} |
{
"en": "Ryogen (912 - January 31, 985) was a priest of the Tendai Sect who was active in the Heian period.",
"ja": "良源（りょうげん、延喜12年（912年）-永観3年1月3日(旧暦)（985年1月31日））は、平安時代の天台宗の僧。"
} |
{
"en": "His posthumous name was Jie Daishi.",
"ja": "諡号は慈恵大師（じえだいし）。"
} |
{
"en": "He was commonly known as Gansan Daishi.",
"ja": "一般には通称の元三大師（がんさんだいし）の名で知られる。"
} |
{
"en": "He was known as the person who rendered the most meritorious service for the restoration of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.",
"ja": "比叡山延暦寺の中興の祖として知られる。"
} |
{
"en": "Although Ryogen was the 18th Tendai-zasu (the supreme position in the Tendai Sect) and a real-life person, he has been the target of folk belief since the medieval period and even in the 21st century, he is worshipped as 'Yakuyoke Daishi' (Calamity Dispelling Master).",
"ja": "良源は、第18代天台座主（てんだいざす、天台宗の最高の位）であり、実在の人物であるが、中世以来、独特の信仰を集め、21世紀に至るまで「厄除け大師」などとして、民間の信仰を集めている。"
} |
{
"en": "In 912, Ryogen was born as a son of the Kozu clan, then the local Gozoku (local ruling family), in Torahime, Asai-gun, Omi Province (present-day, Torahime-cho, Higashi-Asai-gun, Shiga Prefecture).",
"ja": "良源は延喜12年（912年）、近江国浅井郡虎姫（現・滋賀県東浅井郡虎姫町）に、地元の豪族・木津（こづ）氏の子として生まれた。"
} |
{
"en": "He was called Kannonmaru (or Hiyoshimaru) in his childhood.",
"ja": "幼名は観音丸（日吉丸とも）といった。"
} |
{
"en": "When he was 12 years old (or 15 years old), he went up to Mt. Hiei and became a Buddhist priest.",
"ja": "12歳の時（15歳ともいう）、比叡山に上り、仏門に入った。"
} |
{
"en": "Although Ryogen was not a direct disciple of Saicho (Dengyo Daishi) and his rank was not high, he gradually distinguished himself as an able priest through refuting high priests of traditional Buddhist temples in Nanto (southern capital (Nara)) or praying safe delivery of a child for the Empress of Emperor Murakami, and finally he achieved Tendai-zasu, the supreme position in the Tendai Sect, in 966.",
"ja": "良源は、最澄（伝教大師）の直系の弟子ではなく、身分も高くはなかったが、南都（奈良）の旧仏教寺院の高僧と法論を行って論破したり、村上天皇の皇后の安産祈願を行うなどして徐々に頭角を現わし、康保3年（966年）には天台宗最高の地位である天台座主に上り詰めた。"
} |
{
"en": "When Ryogen became Tendai-zasu, Enryaku-ji Temple was devastated as it had lost many doto (temple halls and towers) including Konpon-chudo Hall, due to the big fire that broke out in 935.",
"ja": "延暦寺には承平(日本)5年（935年）に大規模な火災があり、根本中堂をはじめとする多くの堂塔を失い、荒廃していた。"
} |
{
"en": "A fire broke out also in 966, the year when Ryogen became Tendai-zasu, but Ryogen reconstructed doto which was destroyed by fire, with the support of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, the maternal relative of Emperor Murakami (father of the Empress).",
"ja": "良源が天台座主に就任した康保3年（966年）にも火災があったが、良源は村上天皇の外戚（皇后の実父）である藤原師輔の後援を得て、焼失した堂塔を再建した。"
} |
{
"en": "Further, he reconstructed Konpon-chudo Hall, which was a small hall when it was initially constructed by Saicho, as a magnificent hall and laid the foundations of Mt. Hiei's garan (ensemble of temple buildings).",
"ja": "また、最澄の創建当初は小規模な堂だった根本中堂を壮大な堂として再建し、比叡山の伽藍の基礎をつくった。"
} |
{
"en": "In 970, he enacted 'Nijurokkajo Kisho' (26 Points sworn oath) which stipulated disciplinary regulations in the temple and strived to suppress armed priests' violence.",
"ja": "天禄元年（970年）には寺内の規律を定めた「二十六ヶ条起請」を公布し、僧兵の乱暴を抑えることにも意を配った。"
} |
{
"en": "Ryogen is revered as the person who rendered the most meritorious service for the restoration of Enryaku-ji Temple thanks to his various achievements, including the reconstruction of Mt. Hiei's garan, the rise of Tendai Doctrinal Studies and the maintenance of discipline in the precinct.",
"ja": "良源は、比叡山の伽藍の復興、天台教学の興隆、山内の規律の維持など、さまざまな功績から、延暦寺中興の祖として尊ばれている。"
} |
{
"en": "He had many disciples and among them, Genshin (Eshin Sozu), the author of \"Ojoyoshu\" (The Essentials of Salvation), was famous in particular.",
"ja": "弟子も多く、中でも『往生要集』の著者・源信_(僧侶)（恵信僧都）は著名である。"
} |
{
"en": "Although his Shigo (posthumous name) granted by the Imperial Court was Jie Daishi, he was commonly known as 'Gansan Daishi' since the anniversary of his death is January 3rd.",
"ja": "朝廷から贈られた正式の諡号（おくりな）は慈恵大師であるが、命日が正月の3日であることから、「元三大師」の通称で親しまれている。"
} |
{
"en": "At the site of Ryogen's old residence, called Joshinbo, in Yokawa on Mt. Hiei, there is a Shiki Kodo (Four Seasons Lecture Hall) (it is so named because a lecture of Hoke-kyo Sutra (Lotus Sutra) was conducted at this hall once every four seasons) and it is called 'Gansandaishi-do' as Ryogen's image is enshrined in it.",
"ja": "比叡山横川（よかわ）にあった良源の住房・定心房跡には四季講堂（春夏秋冬に法華経の講義を行ったことからこの名がある）が建ち、良源像を祀ることから「元三大師堂」とも呼ばれている。"
} |
{
"en": "Jie Daishi, Ryogen, has various other names such as 'Tsuno Daishi' (The Horned Master), 'Mame Daishi' (the Master of the Beans) and 'Yakuyoke Daishi' and these are worshipped by a wide range of people.",
"ja": "慈恵大師・良源には「角（つの）大師」「豆大師」「厄除け大師」など、さまざまな別称があり、広い信仰を集めている。"
} |
{
"en": "It is believed that Ryogen was the founder of 'omikuji' (sacred lots) which is now seen at many temples and shrines throughout the nation.",
"ja": "また、全国あちこちの社寺に見られる「おみくじ」の創始者は良源だと言われている。"
} |
{
"en": "A lot of Ryogen's sculptures and paintings called 'The image of Jie Daishi,' especially those produced in the Kamakura period, exist in many halls and temples inside the precinct of Mt. Hiei as well as other temples belonging to the Tendai Sect.",
"ja": "「慈恵大師像」と呼ばれる良源の肖像彫刻や画像は鎌倉時代頃の作品が比叡山内の多くの堂や寺院に所在するほか、天台系の寺院に多く伝えられる。"
} |
{
"en": "These images have standardized appearances as the image for worshipping and their common characteristics are that they have slanted-eyed, severe facial expressions while holding juzu (beadroll), and tokkosho (a pestle with a single sharp blade at each end, found as an attribute of Buddhist guardian figures, and a symbolic item in Esoteric Buddhism) (a kind of Buddhist tool) in the hands.",
"ja": "これらの像はいずれも礼拝像として定型化した表現を示しており、やや吊り目で厳しい表情で、手には数珠と独鈷杵（とっこしょ、仏具の一種）を持つのが特色である。"
} |
{
"en": "Tsuno Daishi - It is a painting that depicts an ogre that has 2 horns and is so thin and is nothing but skin and bones.",
"ja": "角大師－2本の角をもち、骨と皮とに痩せさらばえた鬼の像を表わした絵である。"
} |
{
"en": "According to legend, it is the image of Ryogen when he repelled a Yakubyo-gami (a deity of the transmission of epidemics) by transforming himself into an ogre.",
"ja": "伝説によると、良源が鬼の姿に化して疫病神を追い払った時の像であるという。"
} |
{
"en": "Paintings of Tsuno Daishi were stuck on houses located in Sakamoto, at the foot of Mt. Hiei, and Kyoto as talismans for amulet.",
"ja": "角大師の像は、魔除けの護符として、比叡山の麓の坂本や京都の民家に貼られた。"
} |
{
"en": "Mame Daishi - It is a painting that depicts 33 bean-sized images of Jie Daishi on paper.",
"ja": "豆大師－紙に33体の豆粒のような大師像を表わした絵である。"
} |
{
"en": "As Jie Daishi (Ryogen) is believed to be the incarnation of Kannon, this painting depicts 33 images of Jie Daishi based on the teaching of 'Hoke-kyo Sutra' that advocates that Kannon transforms itself into 33 figures in order to rescue Sattva.",
"ja": "慈恵大師（良源）は観音の化身とも言われており、観音はあらゆる衆生を救うために33の姿に化身するという「法華経」の説に基づいて33体の大師像を表わしたものである。"
} |
{
"en": "The image at Enryaku-ji Temple (Hongakuin) - 1265",
"ja": "延暦寺（本覚院）像－文永2年（1265年）"
} |
{
"en": "The image at Enryaku-ji Temple (Seiryu-ji Temple (Sakamoto, Otsu City)) - 1286",
"ja": "延暦寺（青龍寺(大津市坂本)）像－弘安9年（1286年）"
} |
{
"en": "The image at Shiga Guho-ji Temple - 1267",
"ja": "滋賀・求法寺像－文永4年（1267年）"
} |
{
"en": "The image at Shiga Kongorin-ji Temple - 1286",
"ja": "滋賀・金剛輪寺像－弘安9年（1286年）"
} |
{
"en": "The image at Shiga Kongorin-ji Temple - 1288",
"ja": "滋賀・金剛輪寺像－正応元年（1288年）"
} |
{
"en": "The image at Kyoto Manjuin Temple - 1268",
"ja": "京都・曼殊院像－文永5年（1268年）"
} |
{
"en": "Ryuzo-ji Temple (Aoyagi Daishi) in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture - grand festival : January 3rd.",
"ja": "群馬県前橋市・龍蔵寺(前橋市)（青柳大師） 大祭：1月3日"
} |
{
"en": "Soshu-ji Temple (Sano Yakuyoke Daishi) in Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture - grand festival : February 11th.",
"ja": "栃木県佐野市・惣宗寺（佐野厄除け大師） 大祭：2月11日"
} |
{
"en": "Hongakuin (Haijima Daishi) in Akishima City, Tokyo Prefecture.",
"ja": "東京都昭島市・本覚院（拝島大師）"
} |
{
"en": "Jindai-ji Temple in Chofu City, Tokyo Prefecture- grand festival : March 3rd.",
"ja": "東京都調布市・深大寺 大祭：3月3日"
} |
{
"en": "Rinno-ji Temple in Taito-ku Ward, Tokyo Prefecture.",
"ja": "東京都台東区・輪王寺（両大師）"
} |
{
"en": "Kitain Temple (Kawagoe Daishi) in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture.",
"ja": "埼玉県川越市・喜多院（川越大師）"
} |
{
"en": "Rozan Tendaiko-ji Temple (Rozan-ji Temple) in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.",
"ja": "京都府京都市・廬山天台講寺（廬山寺）"
} |
{
"en": "Juzu (数珠) is a Buddhist ritual implement and a kind of ring composed of many beads which are linked by piercing a bundle of threads into a hole made on each bead.",
"ja": "数珠（じゅず、ずず）は穴が貫通した多くの珠に糸の束を通し輪にした法具。"
} |
{
"en": "As it means beads that are used when praying to Buddha, it is also called 'nenju' (praying beadroll).",
"ja": "仏を念ずる時に用いる珠との意味から「念珠（ねんじゅ）」とも呼ばれる。"
} |
{
"en": "In Sanskrit, it is called 'hasoma.'",
"ja": "梵語で「ハソマ」という。"
} |
{
"en": "While praying to Buddha, it is used for the purpose of rubbing, jingling and/or counting frequency of mantra and Buddhist invocation.",
"ja": "念仏の際に音を立てて揉んだり、真言・念仏の回数を数えるのに珠をつまぐる目的などで用いる。"
} |
{
"en": "In sects that do not care about the frequency of Buddhist invocation, such as Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), it is used as a symbol of reverence to Buddha.",
"ja": "念仏の回数を問題にしない浄土真宗などの場合は、仏前での崇敬の念の表れとして用いる。"
} |
{
"en": "Generally, it is hung on hands that are put flat together on the occasions of Buddhist rites, Buddhist memorial services and/or praying to Buddha, Bodhisattva, memorial tablet of the deceased.",
"ja": "一般に仏事・法要の際、仏・菩薩・物故者の霊位などに礼拝するときに、合掌した手にかける。"
} |
{
"en": "The way to hang on the hands is different from sect to sect.",
"ja": "手へのかけ方は宗派によって相違がある。"
} |
{
"en": "Monks sometimes hang it on the neck instead of hands.",
"ja": "僧侶が手ではなく首にかけて用いる場合もある。"
} |
{
"en": "Concerning its origin, there are various views but it is generally believed that the tool used by Brahmanism in Ancient India is the origin.",
"ja": "起源は諸説あるが、古代インドのバラモン教で用いられていた道具を原型とするとされる。"
} |
{
"en": "The above tool was used by Sakyamuni and introduced into China later.",
"ja": "それが、釈尊により用いられ、後に中国に伝わる。"
} |
{
"en": "Thereafter, it was introduced into Japan in the Asuka period along with the introduction of Buddhism.",
"ja": "そして仏教伝来とともに飛鳥時代には日本に伝わったされる。"
} |
{
"en": "In the Kamakura period, when Jodo-kyo (pure land teachings) prevailed and Invocation of the Buddha's Name became popular, it spread widely among ordinary people.",
"ja": "鎌倉時代に入り、浄土教が流行し称名念仏が盛んになるとともに一般にも普及する。"
} |
{
"en": "At present, there are bracelet-type juzu, called udewa nenju (or wanju, bracelet nenju), which are miniaturized juzu that uses elastic as an inner string so that it can be hung on the arms.",
"ja": "最近では腕輪念珠（腕珠）と呼ばれる、数珠を小型化し中糸をゴムなどにして腕に着けられるようにしたブレスレット的な数珠がある。"
} |
{
"en": "However, udewa nenju is not suitable for use for the original purpose of juzu, due to its size.",
"ja": "ただし腕輪念珠は、数珠本来の用途に用いるには大きさに無理がある。"
} |
{
"en": "It must be handled with care since it is a Buddhist ritual implement.",
"ja": "法具なので、大切に扱う事。"
} |
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