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{ "en": "When carrying it, it must be put into an exclusive bag such as a juzu bag (nenju bag).", "ja": "携帯時には、数珠袋（念珠袋）など専用の袋にいれる。" }
{ "en": "When placing it, it must be put on a bag, a nenju bag or a handkerchief and must not be directly put on tatami mats, and so on.", "ja": "置く時は、鞄や念珠袋の上、ハンカチなどの上に置き、畳の上などには直に置いてはならない。" }
{ "en": "It is generally believed that juzu should be held by the left hand with a tassel hanging down or should be hung on the left wrist.", "ja": "一般的に数珠を持つ場合は、房を下に垂らし左手に持つか、左の手首に下げるとされている。" }
{ "en": "It is believed that the number of 108 represents the number of earthly desires, each bead of juzu represents 108 Buddha who preside over each earthly desire and juzu suffers all earthly desires of human beings.", "ja": "108という数は煩悩の数を表すとされ、数珠の珠はそれぞれの煩悩を司る108の仏を表し、人間のあらゆる煩悩を数珠が受けるとされている。" }
{ "en": "Juzu that are called 'Honren' (main strand), 'Niren' (two strand) or 'Nirin' (two loops) are ones that are composed of 108 beads of 'Omodama' (main beads) (refer to the name of beads).", "ja": "「本連」または「二連」、「二輪」と呼ばれる数珠は、「主珠（おもだま）」（珠の名称を参照）が108珠ある数珠の事。" }
{ "en": "It is usually used by making it into double rings.", "ja": "二重にして使用する事が多い。" }
{ "en": "Juzu that are called 'one handed' or 'informal' are ones that are composed of a decreased number of Omodama instead of the original number of 108.", "ja": "「片手」または「略式」と呼ばれる数珠は、本来は108珠である主珠の数を簡略化した数珠の事。" }
{ "en": "The number of Omodama varies widely from 54 beads which is half of 108, 36 beads which is one third of 108, 27 beads which is a quarter of 108 to 18 beads which is one sixth of 108.", "ja": "主珠の数は108珠の半数の54珠、三分一の36珠、四分の一の27珠、六分の一の18珠などさまざまである。" }
{ "en": "In recent years, juzu that are composed of the proper number of beads suitable for the size of the ring (size of a hand), instead of sticking to a particular number like 22 beads or 25 beads, are produced.", "ja": "最近では、22珠や25珠など珠の数にあまりこだわらず、仕上がりの輪の大きさ（手の大きさ）に合わせた珠の数で製作されている。" }
{ "en": "There exist juzu that are composed of 1080 beads called Hyakumanben-nenju (literally, one hundred times of nenju).", "ja": "百万遍念珠と呼ばれる、1080珠ある数珠もある。" }
{ "en": "As for a unit in counting the number of beads, '... ball' (玉, tama) or '... grain' (顆, ka) are also used other than '... bead' (珠, tama).", "ja": "珠の数え方には、「○○珠」以外にも「○○玉」や「○○顆」と呼ぶ事がある。" }
{ "en": "In this column, 'bead' (珠) is to be used consistently.", "ja": "本文では、「珠」で統一する事にする。" }
{ "en": "In the case of Honren-juzu, the biggest bead (one bead or 2 beads) is called 'Oyadama' (parent bead) or 'Moshu' (mother bead) and the 108 beads which mainly compose a ring are called 'Omodama.'", "ja": "本連数珠の場合、一番大きい珠（1珠ないし2珠）の事を「親珠（おやだま）」または「母珠（もしゅ）」と呼び、輪を主に構成する108珠ある珠の事を「主珠（おもだま）」と呼ぶ。" }
{ "en": "4 beads which are smaller than Omodama and lie between Omodama are called 'Shitendama.'", "ja": "主珠の間に挟まれている、主球より小さい四つの珠の事を「四天珠（してんだま）」と呼ぶ。" }
{ "en": "Other than the above, beads which are called 'Deshidama' (disciple bead), 'Kikotomo,' 'Jomyo' (pure bead), 'Tsuyu' (dewdrop beads) and 'Fukudama' (sub bead) respectively are attached to tassels.", "ja": "その他に、房の部分に「弟子球（でしだま）」「記子（きこ）とも」、「浄名（じょうみょう）」、「つゆ」、「副珠」と呼ばれる珠がある。" }
{ "en": "〔Details to be mentioned later since different beads are used depending on religious Doctrines.〕", "ja": "〔宗旨により用いられる珠に違いがあるため、詳細は後述。〕" }
{ "en": "In the case of one hand juzu, the number of Oyadama is only 1 and a tube-like bead called 'bosa' (Bodhisattva) is inserted between Oyadama and tassel.", "ja": "片手数珠の場合は、親玉が一珠のみで、親玉と房の間に「ぼさ（菩薩）」と呼ばれる管状の珠が入る。" }
{ "en": "Many beads which mainly compose a ring are called Omodama, likewise in the case of Niju-juzu (double ring juzu).", "ja": "輪を主に構成する多数の珠は、二重数珠と同じく主珠と呼ぶ。" }
{ "en": "2 beads which are smaller than Omodama are called 'Nitendama' (literally, beads of two celestial).", "ja": "主珠より小さい二つの珠の事を「二天珠（にてんだま）」と呼ぶ。" }
{ "en": "The Chinese character of '玉' (tama) is also used, other than '珠' (tama), for the name of beads.", "ja": "名称には、「珠」の字以外にも「玉」の字も用いられる。" }
{ "en": "珠' is to be used in this column consistently.", "ja": "本文では、「珠」で統一する事にする。" }
{ "en": "By and large, the shapes of juzu beads are categorized into the following three kinds.", "ja": "数珠の珠のかたちは、概ね以下の3種類に分けられる。" }
{ "en": "Marudama (round-bead)", "ja": "丸玉" }
{ "en": "Mikandama (elliptic type) - It can be easily handled when counting the frequency of mantra and Buddhist invocation.", "ja": "みかん玉　真言・念仏の回数を数えるときに珠を繰りやすい。" }
{ "en": "Juzu that is composed of Mikandama looks meaty and sublime.", "ja": "数珠に仕立てたときに肉厚で重厚感があるように見える。" }
{ "en": "Monks tend to prefer Mikandama because of ease of handling and fine appearance (though there is a difference depending on sects).", "ja": "数珠の繰りやすさと美観の利点から、（宗派によって差異があるが）僧侶がみかん玉を好む傾向が多い。" }
{ "en": "Hiradama (flat-bead) - It is sometimes used in the Tendai sect but not in the Nichiren sect.", "ja": "平玉　天台宗で使われることがあるが、日蓮宗では使用しない。" }
{ "en": "Although cloisonne enamel was recommended in old documents, beads made from various materials, such as lime tree, are used today.", "ja": "古い文献には七宝が良いとされるが、現在では菩提樹など様々な材質の珠が用いられる。" }
{ "en": "Prices of juzu widely vary depending on the bead materials.", "ja": "珠の材料により価格には、大きな差がある。" }
{ "en": "Women prefer fine-colored juzu that are made from crystal or coral.", "ja": "本水晶や珊瑚など明るい色合いのものは女性に好まれる。" }
{ "en": "As materials for high grade juzu, crystal with gold line (rutile quartz), feicui (Burma feicui), ivory, lapis lazuli and Bo tree, and so on, are used.", "ja": "高級な数珠用の素材としては、金線入り水晶（ルチルクォーツ）、本翡翠（ビルマ翡翠）、象牙、ラピスラズリ、天竺菩提樹などが用いられる。" }
{ "en": "For cheap juzu, glass beads and/or plastic beads which resemble stone beads or coral beads are used.", "ja": "安価な数珠用には、石や珊瑚に似せたガラスや樹脂製の珠も用いられている。" }
{ "en": "Attention should be paid to the fact that there could be different rules on materials, color and the shape of tassels depending on doctrines and/or sects.", "ja": "宗旨･宗派により、材質や色、房の形に決まりがある場合があるので注意が必要である。" }
{ "en": "Ptincipal Materials for Beads", "ja": "主な珠の材質" }
{ "en": "Jewelry and precious stones - crystal and the like (crystal, amethyst, smoky quartz, and so on), agate (onyx), feicui (Burma feicui), green aventurine, coral and the like and tourmaline, and so on.", "ja": "宝石･貴石　水晶類（本水晶･紫水晶･茶水晶など）、メノウ（オニキス）、本ヒスイ（ビルマ翡翠）、インドヒスイ、珊瑚類、トルマリンなど" }
{ "en": "Wood - ebony, rosewood, Bombay black wood, Japanese box tree, White cedar and amber, and so on.", "ja": "木　黒檀、紫檀、タガヤサン（鉄刀木）、ツゲ（柘植）、センダン（栴檀）、琥珀など" }
{ "en": "Nuts of trees - Bo tree, Rudraksha, hogan linden, ryugan linden and kogan linden, and so on.", "ja": "木の実　天竺菩提樹、金剛菩提樹、鳳眼菩提樹、龍眼菩提樹、虎眼菩提樹など" }
{ "en": "Nuts of grass - seigetsu linden and renge linden, and so on.", "ja": "草の実　星月菩提樹、蓮華菩提樹など" }
{ "en": "Fragrant wood - sandal wood and dwarf Japanese yew, and so on.", "ja": "香木　白檀、伽羅など" }
{ "en": "Ivory", "ja": "象牙" }
{ "en": "Glass", "ja": "ガラス" }
{ "en": "Celluloid", "ja": "セルロイド" }
{ "en": "Pure silk and rayon (polyester) is used.", "ja": "正絹と人絹（ポリエステル）がある。" }
{ "en": "As for the shape of tassel, there are several basic patterns such as kashiratsuki tassel (literally, tassel with a head), kiri tassel (cutting tassel), yori tassel (getting together tassel), yotsumehimo tassel (four-eyed string tassel), kiku tassel (or Brahma tassel, chrysanthemum tassel) and Rikyu tassel (or temari ball tassel) but depending on craftsmen, these could be further broken down.", "ja": "房の形は頭付房、切房、撚房、四ツ目紐房、菊房（梵天房）、利休房（手毬房）などがあり、職人によって更に細かい種類がある。" }
{ "en": "Beads which are vulnerable to harmful insects, such as those made from Bo tree, must be kept in a paulownia box or treated with insecticide.", "ja": "天竺菩提樹など、虫害に弱い珠は桐箱に入れて保管するか、防虫剤を使用する。" }
{ "en": "Particular caution is required in handling fragile and/or soft beads such as those made from coral or pearl.", "ja": "珊瑚･真珠など傷つきやすい柔らかい素材の珠は、特に扱いを気をつける。" }
{ "en": "As the beads made from lapis lazuli, red coral, pearl or malachite are vulnerable to sweat, these must be kept in a paulownia box after wiping off sweat.", "ja": "ラピスラズリ･赤珊瑚･真珠･孔雀石などの珠は、汗に弱いので保管するときは拭取ってから桐箱などに入れる。" }
{ "en": "The following are general explanations concerning the forms of formal juzu for ordinary lay believers.", "ja": "以下は一般的な在家用の本式数珠の形式である。" }
{ "en": "In selecting juzu, it is vital to confirm with a family temple or consult with a specialty store.", "ja": "菩提寺などに確認をするか、専門店で相談するべきである。" }
{ "en": "Juzu for the Tendai sect uses 108 beads of Omodama, a bead of Oyadama and 4 beads of Shitendama to compose a ring.", "ja": "天台宗用の数珠は、輪の部分に主珠を108珠・親珠を1珠・四天珠を4珠を用いる。" }
{ "en": "These beads are arranged in the following order; 1 bead of Oyadama=>7 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>14 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>66 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>14 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>7 beads of Omodama, and finally they are shaped as a ring.", "ja": "珠の配置は、親珠1珠→主珠7珠→四天珠1珠→主珠14珠→四天珠1珠→主珠66珠→四天珠1珠→主珠14珠→四天珠1珠→主珠7珠で一周して輪になる。" }
{ "en": "1 small bead called 'Jomyo' is attached at the knot of a tassel made under Oyadama.", "ja": "親珠の下の房の結び目には、「浄名」と呼ばれる小珠が一珠付く。" }
{ "en": "2 tassels are attached under Jomyo.", "ja": "浄名の下には2本の房が付く。" }
{ "en": "Various shapes are used for tassels (kiku tassel and Rikyu tassel (kemari tassel) are often used).", "ja": "房の形は、いろいろな形が用いられる。（菊房や利休房（蹴鞠房）を用いる事が多い。）" }
{ "en": "Deshidama is attached to each tassel.", "ja": "房には弟子珠が付く。" }
{ "en": "Each Deshidama has its characteristics since Deshidama attached to one tassel is composed of 10 beads of Marudama and Deshidama attached to the other tassel is composed of 20 beads of Hiradama.", "ja": "弟子珠の形は、片方の房は丸珠が10珠,もう片方には、平珠が20珠と特徴がある。" }
{ "en": "A tear-shaped bead called 'Tsuyu' is attached to the tip of each Deshidama.", "ja": "それぞれの弟子珠の先に「つゆ」と呼ばれる涙型の珠が付く。" }
{ "en": "The characteristics of the Tendai sect juzu is that flat beads called Hiradama (Sorobandama) are used for Omodama.", "ja": "天台宗の数珠の特徴は、主珠に平珠（そろばん珠）と呼ばれる扁平の珠が用いられる事である。" }
{ "en": "The way of holding (in case of Chuin school) - A prayer should hang Moshu on the middle finger of the right hand and hang odome (literally, lacing up the thong) on the forefinger of the left hand.", "ja": "持ち方（中院流の場合）右手の中指に母珠を掛け、左手の人指し指に緒留を掛ける。" }
{ "en": "At that time, a prayer should twist nenju once so that its shape becomes the shape of an X.", "ja": "そのときに、念珠の輪の形がＸ（エックス）の形になるように1回だけねじる。" }
{ "en": "When putting hands flat together in prayer, a prayer should put both tassels into the palms.", "ja": "合掌するときに、両方の房を手のひらの中に入れる。" }
{ "en": "Then, a prayer should rub them 2 to 3 times slightly with the left hand up and the palm downward, while the right hand is down and its palm upward and should then stop rubbing by pulling the right hand towards himself/herself.", "ja": "そして、左手を上にしてふせて、右手を下にして、仰げて軽く２～３度すり合わせ、右手を手前にして引いて止める。" }
{ "en": "When holding juzu in Isso (a ring), it should be hung on the left wrist and in this case, it should be hung in a manner where Moshu is placed on the wrist of the left hand.", "ja": "数珠を一双(いっそう)（一つの輪）にして持つときは、左手首へ掛けるが、その時には、母珠が左手首の上になるように掛ける。" }
{ "en": "If and when a prayer holds juzu in Isso, he/she can make a sutra recitation while holding a sutra text in the right hand since the right hand is free.", "ja": "数珠を一双に持つと、右手が使えるので経本を右手に持って読経をすることが出来る。" }
{ "en": "There is no problem for lay believers (Buddhist supporters) to hold juzu according to Chuin school.", "ja": "在家（壇信徒）が中院流の持ち方をしても差支えはない。" }
{ "en": "As for juzu for the Shingon sect, the number of Omodama and Shitendama used for a ring is the same as with juzu for the Tendai sect but the number of Oyadama is 2 beads.", "ja": "真言宗用の数珠は、輪の部分に用いられる主珠・四天珠の数は天台宗用と同じだが、親珠は2珠となる。" }
{ "en": "These beads are arranged in the following order; 1 bead of Oyadama=>7 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>14 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>33 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Oyadama=>33 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>14 beads of Omodama=>1 bead of Shitendama=>7 beads of Omodama, and they finally form the shape of a ring.", "ja": "珠の配置は、親珠1珠→主珠7珠→四天珠1珠→主珠14珠→四天珠1珠→主珠33珠→親珠1珠→主珠33珠→四天珠1珠→主珠14珠→四天珠1珠→主珠7珠で一周して輪になる。" }
{ "en": "One bead of Jomyo is attached only to the knot of a tassel that is attached to Oyadama situated on the side of Shitendama.", "ja": "四天玉に近い側の親珠に付く房の結び目にのみ、浄名が一珠付く。" }
{ "en": "2 tassels are attached to each of 2 Oyadama (4 tassels in total).", "ja": "2つの親珠には、房が2本ずつ付く（計4本）。" }
{ "en": "Various shapes are used for tassels (kiku tassel and Rikyu tassel (kemari tassel) are often used).", "ja": "房の形は、いろいろな形が用いられる（菊房や利休房〈蹴鞠房〉を用いる場合が多い)。" }
{ "en": "5 beads of Deshidama and 1 bead of 'Tsuyu' are attached to each tassel (Deshidama: 20 beads in total, Tsuyu: 4 beads in total).", "ja": "各房に弟子珠が5珠と「つゆ」が1珠付く（弟子珠・計20珠、つゆ・計4珠。" }
{ "en": "Formal juzu of the Shingon sect for females, for which the length is approximately 24 cm, are called juzu for Hasshu sect (eight sects) and are on sale as one which is usable irrespective of sect.", "ja": "女性用の八寸の真言宗用の本連は、八宗用と呼ばれて販売されていて、宗派を問わず用いる事ができるとされている。" }
{ "en": "An example in the design of juzu used by monks of the Shingon sect is the one which is composed of 108 beads, red kansen (string to connect beads) and white tassels.", "ja": "真言宗の僧侶が用いる数珠の仕様の一例を挙げれば、108珠・貫線を赤色・房を白色にする。" }
{ "en": "As for the reason why kansen is colored red, there are many theses but no established thesis.", "ja": "貫線を赤色にする理由については、さまざまな説があり、定説はない。" }
{ "en": "One thesis asserts that kansen represents a blood vessel and/or blood since a life (a soul) dwells in juzu.", "ja": "数珠には命（魂）が宿っているものと見なし、貫線を血管、血液に見立てている説などがある。" }
{ "en": "In the Shingon sect, designs of juzu belong to the category of phenomenon (courtesy and/or manners of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism).", "ja": "数珠の仕様は真言宗では事相（真言密教の儀礼・作法）の分野に入る。" }
{ "en": "There is no problem for lay believers (Buddhist supporters) to use juzu for monks (108 beads, red kansen, white tassels).", "ja": "僧侶用の数珠（108珠で貫線が赤色・房を白色）を在家（壇信徒）が使っても特に差し支えはない。" }
{ "en": "Godairiki nenju - This is nenju which Nyojitsu HOTTORI, the president of the Daigosan Denpo Gakuin (Denpo (the teachings of Buddhism) Academy on Mt. Daigo), ordered to be produced when his hope was achieved through devotion to Buddhism.", "ja": "五大力念珠（ごだいりきねんじゅ）醍醐山伝法学院長・服部如実が感得して作らせた念珠。" }
{ "en": "Although it is nenju of the Shingon sect, which is composed of 108 beads, its characteristics are the use of beads made from two kinds of materials, as well as tassels composed of strings of five different colors.", "ja": "真言宗108珠の念珠であるが、2種類の材質の珠を用い、房を5色の紐（ひも）にしているが特徴。" }
{ "en": "It is on sale at Daigo-ji Temple as a prize for awarding.", "ja": "醍醐寺において授与品として販売されている。" }
{ "en": "Juzu for Jodo Sect and Ji Sect has a unique shape which looks like one that has mixed the two juzu.", "ja": "浄土宗・時宗用の数珠は、二つの数珠を交差させたような独特の形。" }
{ "en": "There exist some differences, such as the number of Omodama, between juzu for males and for females.", "ja": "男性用と女性用とで、主珠などの数に違いがある。" }
{ "en": "Oyadama is attached to each of 2 rings but tassels are not directly attached to Oyadama.", "ja": "二つの輪には、それぞれ親珠があるが、房を直接親玉に付けない。" }
{ "en": "A small bead called 'Fukudama' is attached to one of two rings alternately with Omodama.", "ja": "二つの輪のうち、片方にのみ「副珠」と呼ばれる小粒の珠が、主珠と交互に入る。" }
{ "en": "A metal double-ring is attached to the ring to which Fukudama is attached and 2 tassels are attached to the ring.", "ja": "房は、副珠がある方の輪に金属製の二連の丸環を付け、その環に2房付けられる。" }
{ "en": "As for the shape of tassels, kiku tassel and Rikyu tassel (temari ball tassel) are mainly used.", "ja": "房の形は、菊房や利休房（手毬房）が主に用いられる。" }
{ "en": "1 bead of Jomyo is attached to the knot of the tassel.", "ja": "房の結び目に浄名が1珠付く。" }
{ "en": "Deshidama is attached to tassels.", "ja": "房には弟子珠が付く。" }
{ "en": "6 beads of Marudama are attached to the one tassel and 10 beads of Hiradama are attached to the other.", "ja": "片側は丸珠が6珠、もう片方は、平珠が10珠付く。" }
{ "en": "1 bead of 'Tsuyu' is attached to the tip of each Deshidama.", "ja": "弟子珠の先に「つゆ」が一つずつ付く。" }
{ "en": "It is also called Nikka (daily) nenju.", "ja": "日課念珠とも呼ばれる。" }
{ "en": "In the Jodo Sect, it is believed to be desirable to use formal Nenju.", "ja": "浄土宗では、本式念珠を用いるのが好ましいとされる。" }
{ "en": "Other than the above, a portable juzu that is composed of 36 beads or dai (big)-nenju called Hyakumanben-nenju are also used.", "ja": "この他にも、携帯用の36珠の物や百万遍念珠と呼ばれる大念珠も用いられる。" }
{ "en": "Juzu for males is called Sanman jodo (literally, thirty thousands of pure land, or Sanman-guri (thirty thousands of telling)) of which one ring is composed of 27 beads of Omodama and the other is composed of 20 beads of Omodama and 21 beads of Fukudama which are allocated alternately.", "ja": "男性用は、三万浄土（三万繰）と呼ばれ、片方の輪の主珠が27珠、もう片方は、主珠20珠に副珠21珠が交互に入る。" }
{ "en": "It is used for telling the juzu while reciting Buddhist invocation, and it is possible to recite 32,400 times (27 times 20 times 6 times10 makes 32,400) by telling the juzu with all beads other than Fukudama.", "ja": "念仏を唱える時繰り、副珠以外のすべての珠を使って繰ると27×20×6×10＝32,400遍唱えられる。" }
{ "en": "The above is the origin of the name.", "ja": "そこからこの名がつく。" }
{ "en": "Juzu for females is called Hassun jodo (literally, 24 cm of pure land, or Rokuman-guri (sixty thousands of telling)) of which one ring is composed of 40 beads of Omodama and the other is composed of 27 beads of Omodama and 28 beads of Fukudama.", "ja": "女性用は八寸浄土（六万繰）と呼ばれ、片方の輪が主珠40珠、もう片方は、主珠27珠･副珠28珠からできている。" }
{ "en": "The number of Deshidama is the same as that of Sanman jodo.", "ja": "弟子珠の数は三万浄土と同じ。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, it is possible to recite 64,800 times (40 times 27 times 6 times 10 makes 64,800), twice the number for males, by telling the juzu with all beads other than Fukudama.", "ja": "つまり副珠以外のすべての珠を使って繰ると、男性用の倍40×27×6×10＝64,800遍唱えられる。" }
{ "en": "In Jodo Shinshu Sect, there is no practice to telling the nenju while reciting Buddhist invocation and therefore, no rule exists concerning the number of beads.", "ja": "浄土真宗では、念珠を繰りながら念仏を唱える事が無い為、珠の数は関係無い。" }

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